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Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2012  with  funding  from 

Princeton  Theological  Seminary  Library 


http://archive.org/details/baptistencyclopa02cath 


APR  30  1937 

THK  "    " 

■  OGIGal 


BAPTIST   ENCYCLOPiEDlA. 


A    DICTIOISrARY 


OF 


THE  DOCTRINES,  ORDINANCES,  USAGES,  CONFESSIONS  OF  FAITH, 

SUFFERINGS,   LABORS,  AND    SUCCESSES,  AND    OF   THE 

GENERAL   HISTORY  OF   THE 


BAPTIST  DENOMINATION  IN  ALL  LANDS. 


WITH 


NUMEROUS  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES  OF  DISTINGUISHED  AMERICAN  AND 
FOREIGN  BAPTISTS,  AND  A  SUPPLEMENT. 


EDITED    BY 

WILLIAM  CATHCART,  D.D., 

AUTHOR   OP    "the    PAl'.VL    SYSTEM,"    "tHK    HAI'TISTS    AND    THK     AMKKICAN    nEVOLI'TION,"    AND 

"the  bai'Tism  op  the  ages." 


WITH     MANY     I  LLT  ST  RATIONS. 


V  II  I  L  A  I)  E  I.  P  II  I  A  : 

LOUIS    H.    EVERTS. 

188L 


Copyright,  1880,  by  Louis  H.  Evert.' 


KRISHNA   PAL 


667 


LAILEY 


baptismal  waters  by  Dr.  Carey  ;  he  had  courage  and 
faith  to  stand  alone  in  renouncinj^  tlio  abomina- 
tions of  liis  countrymen  in  tlie  presence;  of  iiis 
kindred.  lie  was  born  about  1704,  at  (Jlianderna- 
gore,  Bengal. 

Krishna  was  by  trade  a  carpenter ;  and  in 
listening  to  a  discourse  on  tiie  lolly  of  idolatry  and 
tiie  great  truths  of  Ciiristianity,  he  became  deeply 
affected  and  shed  tears.  He  visited  the  mission- 
aries soDn  after  for  religious  instruction,  and  re- 
ceived with  great  eagerness  the  truths  wliich  they 
communicated.  Soon  he  felt  that  he  had  put  his 
trust  in  Jesus,  and  that  he  was  a  Ciiristian.  lie 
then  requesteil  baptism,  and  laid  aside  openly  his 
allegiance  to  idolatry.  He  sat  down  at  the  ta))lo 
of  the  missionaries  in  presence  of  their  Hindoo 
servants,  and  by  this  act  renounced  caste.  The 
news  spread  rapidly,  and  soon  Krisiina  was  be- 
sieged by  a  mob  of  2000  persons,  wiio  poured  out 
torrents  of  maledictions  upon  him,  and  then  dragged 
him  to  the  magistrate,  who  immediately  released 
him  and  eoinmended  him  for  the  piety  of  his  course, 
and  commanded  the  mo!)  to  disperse.  The  magis- 
trate placet!  a  Sepoy  at  Krislina's  house  to  guard 
him,  and  offered  armed  protection  to  the  mission- 
aries during  t!ie  celebration  of  the  rite  of  baptism. 
The  immersion  occurred  in  the  Ganges,  on  the  28th 
of  December,  1800.  Mr.  Carey  walked  to  the  river 
from  tlie  chape!  witli  liis  eldest  son,  Felix,  on  one 
side,  and  Krishna  on  the  other.  At  the  landing 
there  were  gathered  the  governor  and  a  num!)erof 
Europeans,  and  a  great  throng  of  Hindoos  and 
Mohammedans.  Mr.  Ward  preaclied  a  sermon  in 
English  from  John  v.  39,  "  Searcli  the  Scriptures." 
Dr.  Carey  delivered  an  address  in  Bengali  after 
a  Bengali  translation  of  the  liymn  was  sung, — 

"  Jesus,  and  shall  it  ever  be, 
A  mortal  i  lau  asUumed  of  thee  2" 


Then  he  baptized  Felix  Carey  and  Krishna  amid 
()rofound  silence  and  deep  solemnity.  Krisiina 
was  the  first  baptized  convert  after  seven  years  of 
labor.  Krisiina  the  same  day  partook  of  the  Lord's 
Supper,  and  he  enjoyed  an  unusual  measure  of  the 
love  of  God  as  he  waited  upon  Him  in  both  ordi- 
nances. For  more  than  twenty  years  Krisiina  Pal 
preached  the  blessed  gospel  to  his  countrymen  witli 
great  success  and  ability.  He  led  a  lioly  life  and  lie 
possessed  a  strong  faitii,  and  wlien  lie  came  to  tlie  end 
of  liis  earthly  journey  his  lieart  was  full  of  peace, 
and  of  the  light  of  a  bright  hope  of  immediate  en- 
trance into  heaven.  A  European  who  was  present 
at  his  dying  couch  says,  "  I  myself  witnessed  tlie 
last  moments  of  Krisiina,  and  lieard  his  aged  and 
quivering  lips  speak  of  the  preciousness  of  Christ.'' 
Krisiina  composed  the  beautiful  liymn  from  which 
tlie  following  stanzas  are  taken  : 

"  O  thou  my  soul,  forget  no  more 
The  Friend  wlio  all  thy  misery  bore; 
Let  every  idol  be  forgot. 
But,  0  my  bouI,  forget  Ilim  not. 

"Jesus  for  tlie(^  a  body  takes; 
Thy  guilt  assumes,  tliy  fetters  breaks, 
Disdiarging  all  thy  dreadful  debt ; 
And  canst  thou  e'er  such  love  forget  ?" 

Kutchin,  Rev.  T.  T.,  was  bom  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  Nov.  5,  1815,  died  at  Dartmouth,  Wis.,  Aug.  7, 
1877.  lie  entered  the  ministry  at  New  Britain, 
Pa.,  at  the  age  of  twenty-one,  and  at  once  became 
popular  as  a  preacher.  He  came  to  Wisconsin  in 
1855.  For  many  years  he  was  the  editor  of  the 
Milwaukee  Senlinel,  and  subsequently  of  the  Fan 
da  Ldc  Commonwealth.  lie  was  distinguished  for 
remarkable  intellectual  power  united  with  great 
kindness  of  heart.  His  two  sons  are  esteemed 
ministers  of  the  gospel,  occupying  important  pul- 
pits in  the  State. 


■•-► 


L. 


La  Grange  College  was  chartered  in  1859,  and 
a  commodious  brick  building  was  erected,  90  by  70 
feet,  which  was  finished  in  1866.  It  had  superior 
chemic;il  and  pliilosophical  apparatus  when  J.  F. 
Cook,  LL.I).,  l)ecame  president.  Both  sexes  are 
admitted  to  tliis  institution.  In  the  fourteen  years 
of  liis  presidency  there  have  Ijeen  more  than 
two  thousand  matriculations,  and  among  the  num- 
ber about  sixty  students  for  the  ministry.  Nearly 
$15,000  have  been  raised  for  improvements  and 
for  the  removal  of  debts  during  tlie  administration 


of  Dr.  Cook.  One  hundred  and  fifty  children  of 
ministers  have  been  gratuitously  educated  in  La 
Grange.  Dr.  Sawyer  is  now  vice-president  of  the 
institution.  It  has  eleven  able  instructors,  who 
render  excellent  service,  as  the  character  of  their 
graduates  testifies.  This  college  is  beautifully  lo- 
cated on  the  bluffs  of  the  Mississippi,  one  hundred 
and  thirty-seven  miles  north  of  St.  Louis.  (See 
page  668.) 

Lailey,  Thomas,  was  born  Aug.  29,   1820.  in 
tlic   iiari>ii   of  Poplar,   London,    England.      When 


LAIN 


GG8 


LAMAR 


quite  young  he  came  with  his  parents  t.j  Canada. 
He  owns  the  hirgest  wholesale  house  in  jiis  business 
in  the  province  of  Ontario.  He  united,  by  baptism, 
with  the  Bond  Street  church,  Toronto,  in  1849.  In 
1867  he,  with  several  otliers,  left  this  old  mother- 
church  to  form  anew  interest  on  Alexander  Street. 
The  cost  of  tlie  neat  and  comfortable  edifice  wliich 
they  at  once  proceeded  to  erect  was  chiefly  borne  by 
him ;  and  he  has  been  from  the  first  by  far  the 
largest  conti-ibutor  toward  the  current  expenses 
of  the  church.  The  erection  of  the  College  Street 
and  Lewis  Street  church  edifices  was  also  mainly 
due  to  his  enterprise  and  liberality,  and  he  is  now 
(18S1)  promoting  a  scheme  of  church  extension  in 
the  western  part  of  the  city.  He  has  purchased  an 
eligible  site,  on  which  a  mission  chapel  is  to  be 
commenced  immediately.  He  was  president  of  the 
Home  Mission  Convention  of  Ontario  in  1868^69. 


tiuns,   which  he  has  filled  with  great  ability  and 
fidelity. 

For  forty  years  Mr.  Lain  has  been  a  member  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  Waukesha.  He  is  known  as 
a  man  of  great  purity  of  character,  and  of  blame- 
less Christian  life.  Until  the  failure  of  his  Iiealth, 
which  occurred  a  few  years  ago,  he  was  very  effi- 
cient and  active  in  promoting  the  Baptist  cause  in 
his  city,  and  in  strengthening  the  denomination  in 
the  State. 

Lake,  Rev.  J.  B.,  was  born  in  Fauquier  Co., 
Ya.,  May  4-,  1837  ;  attended  school  in  Alexandria, 
Va.,  where  he  received  a  thorough  training  at  the 
hands  of  the  well-known  Benjamin  Hallowell,  and 
afterwards  studied  at  the  University  of  Virsfinia, 
where  he  was  graduated  from  several  of  its  schools. 
While  still  at  the  university  he  was  elected  to  a 
I  professorship  in  Edge  worth  Female  College,  Greens- 


LA    GRANGE    COLLEGE. 


Lain,  Hon.  Isaac,  of  Waukesha,  was  born  in 
Orange  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  18,  1820.  Hi^  ancestors 
were  from  England,  and  settled  at  ah  early  day  on 
Long  Island,  N.  Y.  Isaac  Lain's  father  was  a 
farmer,  and  to  this  calling  the  son  devoted  him- 
self until  1833.  He  then  learned  the  business  of 
architect  and  builder.  In  June,  1842,  he  settled 
in  Waukesha,  Wis.,  where  he  still  resides.  Here 
lie  engaged  extensively  for  many  years  in  his  new 
business.  In  1852  he  established  a  real  estate  and 
insurance  agency,  and  in  1860  he  took  an  active  part 
in  founding  the  Waukesha  County  Manufacturing 
Company,  of  which  he  is  now  a  heavy  stockholder 
and  secretary.  In  1861,  at  the  outbreak  of  the 
civil  war,  Mr.  Lain  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature,  and  took  an  active  part  in  the  meas- 
ures which  pla(tcd  AVisconsin  in  the  front  rank  of 
States  for  the  promptness  and  efficiency  with  which 
her  regiments  were  raised  and  sent  to  the  front. 

Mr.  Lain  has  held  many  local  and  county  posi- 


l)orough,  N.  C.  Subsequently,  Mr,  Lake  held  a 
professorship  in  Chesiipeake  Female  College,  Va., 
four  years,  and  then  had  charge  of  the  Roanoke 
Female  College,  at  Danville,  Va.,  nine  years.  In 
1872  he  left  Danville  to  become  pastor  of  the  church 
in  Upperville,  Va.,  where  he  still  remains  as  a 
most  successful  preacher  and  pastor.  His  mind  is 
vigorous  and"  logical,  and  his  sermons  are  filled 
with  cardinal  doctrinal  truths  and  enriched  by  apt 
and  numerous  historical  illustrations. 

Lake,  Rev.  P.  W.,  came  to  Wisconsin  in  1839, 
and  settled  in   Walworth  County,  and  performed 
much  foundation  work  in  the  early  history  of  the 
State.     He  was  an  interesting  preacher.     Earnest- 
ness and  spirituality  were   distinguished   charac- 
teristics in  his  ministry.    He  died  many  years  ago, 
I   but  his  name  and  labors  are  held  in  remembrance 
I   in  many  of  the  churches  of  Walworth  County. 
I       Lamar,    Rev.  A.   W.,   editor   of    the    Baptist 
I    Courier,  was   born  at  Leavenworth   Mills,    S.  C, 


LAMB 


f)C9 


LAND  RUM 


March  30,  1(S47.  His  father  was  Col.  Thomas  0. 
Lamar,  who  (listiiif;;uished  himself  in  the  latu  war 
as  coinniander  at  the  battle  of  Secessionvillo,  near 
Charleston,  in  Juno,  1862,  and  who  died  soon  after. 
In  honor  of  ids  memory  the  State  Lep;islature  sent 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  to  tiie  State  Military 
School  to  l)e  educated.  Being  strongly  impressed 
that  it  was  iiis  duty  to  preach,  he  sold  a  tract  of 
land — obtained  from  his  father's  estate — to  procure 
means  for  educating  himself.  Entering  first  Fur- 
man  University,  and  then  the  theological  s(!ininary 
at  Greenville,  he  afterwards  accepted  a  call  of  the 
Mount  Zion  church  in  Newberry  County,  where  he 
was  ordained  Jan.  15,  1871,  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
four.  At  the  meeting  of  the  State  Convention  in 
November,  1871,  he  was  elected  its  general  agent. 
In  November,  1873,  the  State  Convention  mani- 
fested its  appreciation  of  his  ability  and  success 
by  electing  him  both  corresponding  secretary  and 
general  agent,  charging  him  with  all  the  work 
of  the  body  during  its  recess.  lie  was  converted 
when  at  the  military  school,  and  began  at  once  to 
work  for  Jesus  among  the  cadets,  praying  with 
and  for  them,  holding  prayer-meetings,  and  read- 
ing Spurgeon's  sermons  to  them.  At  first  he  met 
with  much  opposition,  was  treated  with  every  in- 
dignity, but  in  the  end  those  who  led  in  these 
things  asked  him  to  pray  for  them.  lie  has  met 
with  extraordinary  success  in  the  work  assigned 
him,  being  imbued  with  zeal,  perseveratice,  and 
earnestness,  and  blessed  with  great  tact  and  good 
judgment.  He  is  a  young  man.  self-reliant  and 
with  good  judgment,  who  takes  hold  of  his  work 
and  does  it  like  a  veteran,  having  the  confidence 
and  esteem  of  all.  His  present  field  of  labor  is 
Camden. 

Lamb,  Rev.  Amherst,  was  bom  in  PhiUipston, 

Mass.,  July  28,  17'J(),  and  spent  his  childhood  and 
youth  in  Guilford,  Vt.  Soon  after  making  a  pub- 
lic profession  of  faith  he  commenced  to  preach,  but, 
feeling  the  necessity  of  a  better  preparation  for  his 
work,  he  placed  himself  under  the  tuition  of  Ilev. 
Dr.  Young,  then  of  Worcester,  Mass.  lie  was  or- 
dained in  December,  1821,  as  pastor  of  the  church 
at  Guilford.  Vt.,  and  remained  there  for  six  years, 
when  he  became  pastor  of  the  church  in  Whiting- 
liam,  Se[)tembor,  1827,  and  continued  there  until 
183G.  He  then  went  to  Charlcmont,  Mass.,  and 
preached  there  for  nine  years,  having  charge  of 
the  church  in  Buckland  during  a  part  of  this 
period, — for  half  the  time.  Recalled  to  the  church 
ill  Wliitingham  in  1S4.5,  he  gave  it  twelve  years  of 
additional  .service,  after  which  he  supplied  churches 
in  his  neighborhood,  where  his  labors  were  mucli 
blessed.  Ho  died  at  AVhitingham,  May  29,  1870. 
His  record  was  one  of  a  high  character  wherever 
he  was  known. 

LamSOn,  William,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Danvers, 


Mass.,  Feb.  22,  1812.  He  prepared  for  college  at 
the  academy  in  South  Reading  (now  Wakefield), 
Mass.,  and  graduated  at  AVaterville  College  in  the 
class  of  183.'>.  After  his  graduation  he  served  as 
tutor  for  one  year.  In  the  autumn  of  1837  he  was 
ordained  as  pastor  of  the  church  in  (iloucester, 
Mass.  Wishing  to  pursue  a  more  extended  course 
of  theological  study,  he  entered  the  Newton  Theo- 
logical Institution  in  1839,  and  remained  until 
1841,  when  he  was  settled  as  pastor  of  the  church 
at  Thomaston,  Mo.  He  returned  to  Gloucester, 
where  he  ciontinued  until  called  to  Portsmouth, 
N.  II.,  in  1848.  He  was  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Portsmouth  for  eleven  years.  The  church  in 
Brookline,  Mass.,  called  him  in  1859,  and  he  was 
their  pastor  until  1875,  when  failing  health  obliged 
him  to  give  up  his  ministerial  work.  Since  his 
resignation  he  lias  lived  chiilly  in  Salem  and 
Gloucester,  Jlass. 

Dr.  Lamson  has  been  one  of  the  most  useful  and 
acceptable  ministers  in  the  denomination.  By  his 
pen,  as  vv'oll  as  his  voice,  he  has  made  his  talents 
subservient  to  iiromotc  tin;  interests  of  truth. 

Lancaster,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Warren 
Co.,  N.  C,  in  1753  ;  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Wm. 
Walker;  was  the  founder  of  the  churches  at  Maple 
Spring  and  Poplar  Spring,  Franklin  Co.,  about 
1793;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Convention,  of 
the  convention  "to  ratify  the  Federal  Constitution, 
and  for  many  years  chairman  of  the  Court  of  Pleas 
and  Quarter  Sessions  of  Franklin  County.  He 
closed  his  long  and  useful  life  Sept.  16,  1826. 

Landrum,  Rev.  John  G.,  was  born  in  Tennessee 
in  ISIO.  At  eighteen  he  removed  to  Union  Co., 
S.  C,  and  the  next  year  began  to  preach.  His 
slender  form  made  him  look  much  younger  than  he 
was,  and  for  some  years  he  was  called  the  boy 
preacher.  He  became  pastor  of  the  Mount  Zion 
and  Bethlehem  churches,  in  Spartanburg  County, 
in  1830,  and  still  serves  them.  He  has  had  charge 
of  the  New  Prospect  church  since  1835.  The  Bap- 
tist church  at  Spartanburg  Court-house  was  organ- 
ized under  his  ministry,  where  he  preached  for 
twenty-five  years. 

lie  has  baptized  about  5000  persons  in  fifty  years. 
lie  exercises  a  very  extensive  influence  In  Spartan- 
burg and  the  surrounding  counties.  Perhaps  he 
could  not  say  that  his  "  natural  force  is  not  abated," 
but  his  laliors  an-  as  :ibun<laiit  as  ever. 

Landrum,  Sylvanus,  D.D.,  pastor  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  at  Savannah,  Ga.,  has  exerted  a  strong 
influence  among  the  Baptists  of  Georgia.  For 
many  years  he  has  been  on  the  board  of  trustees  of 
Mercer  University,  and  for  a  long  time  acted  as 
secretary  of  the  board,  and,  Ijesides,  ho  has  served 
the  denomination  in  various  positions  with  much 
success.  He  is  a  courteous  gontb'inan,  with  a  sound 
judgment,  sincere   piety,  and   intellectual   ability. 


LAND  RUM 


670 


LANE 


He  is  an  eloquent  speaker.  His  (•oiiirregatioiis  love 
and  respect  him.  He  was  born  in. Oglethorpe  Co., 
Ga.,  Oct.  3,  1820;  his  parents  came  from  Virginia. 
He  was  educated  at  Mason  Academy,  Lexington, 
Ga.,  and  at  Mercer  University.  Ordained  Oct.  23, 
1846,  he  beeame,  in  .January,  1847,  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  churches  at  Lexington  and  Athens,  Ga. 


SVI.V.VNtrS    LANDRUM,   D.D. 

In  December,  1849,  he  became  pastor  of  the  Ma- 
con (Ga.)  Baptist  church,  where  he  served  ten 
years,  being  instrumental  there  in  the  erection  of 
a  handsome  and  costly  Gothic  church  edifice.  In 
December,  1859,  he  accepted  a  call  to  Savannah, 
Ga.,  and  there  he  remained  twelve  years,  building 
up  and  uniting  the  Baptist  cause  in  the  city.  He 
was  there  during  the  war,  and  never  lost  a  single 
service  on  account  of  hostilities,; — his  was  the  only 
white  Baptist  church  on  the  coast  line  from  Balti- 
more to  Texas  which  did  not  close  at  all  during 
the  conflict.  He  preached  on  one  Sabbath  to  Oon- 
fcderate  and  the  next  Sabbath  to  Federal  soldiers, 
at  the  time  of  the  city's  capture. 

In  1871  he  removed  to  Memphis,  and  became 
pastor  of  the  Central  Baptist  church,  remaining 
until  after  the  severe  yellow-fever  scourge  of  1878, 
during  which  he  lost  two  sons,  both  prominent  and 
talented  young  men.  In  1879  he  returned  to 
Georgia,  and  again  took  charge  of  the  Savannah 
church,  where  he  is  doing  an  admirable  work. 

Two  colleges  in  one  year  conferred  on  him  the 
Doctorate  in  Divinity, — Georgetown,  Ky..  Dr. 
Crawford  president,  and  Columbian  College,  Wash- 
ington, Dr.  Samson  president. 


He  is  a  man  of  national  views,  whose  heart  is  in 
the  pastorate,  and  whose  chief  aim  is  the  advance- 
ment of  Christ's  kingdom  on  earth.  His  sermons 
are  always  good  and  never  disappointing.  To 
great  administrative  ability  he  unites  remarkable 
excellence  of  judgment  and  a  good  knowledge  of 
men  and  human  nature.  He  is  a  wise  and  safe 
counselor,  and  makes  his  influence  for  good  felt 
in  the  assemblies  of  his  denominational  brethren. 

Landrum,  Rev.  William  Warren,  son  of  Dr. 
Sylvanus  and  Eliza  Jane  (Warren)  Landrum,  was 
born  in  Macon,  Ga.,  Jan.  18,  1853.  He  was  con- 
Terted  at  the  age  of  ten,  and  baptized  in  his  four- 
teenth year.  His  early  education  was  received  at 
Chatham  Academy,  Savannah.  He  entered  Mer- 
cer University,  but  subsequently  went  to  Brown 
University,  where  he  was  graduated  with  distinc- 
tion in  1872.  He  then  became  a  stucJent  in  the 
Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  at  Green- 
ville, S.  C,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1874,  in 
nine  of  the  thirteen  schools  in  the  institution. 

At  the  call  of  the  Central  church  of  Memphis,  he 
was  ordained  in  May,  1874.  His  first  pastorate 
was  at  Shreveport,  La.,  where  he  labored  with 
success  for  two  years.  He  then  accepted  a  call 
from  the  First  Baptist  churoh  in  Augusta,  Ga.,  and 
removed  to  his  native  State  in  February,  1876.  Of 
that  church  he  is  still  the  pastor.  He  was  married 
Sept.  21,  1875,  to  Miss  Ida  Louise  Dunster,  a  de- 
scendant of  Henry  Dunster,  first  president  of  Har- 
vard University. 

Mr.  Landrum  is  a  good  preacher  and  pastor,  and 
a  man  of  more  than  ordinary  abilities.  He  hates 
controversy,  has  great  faith  in  the  power  of  gospel 
preaching  and  the  efficacy  of  a  cheerful,  loving 
piety,  and  his  highest  ambition  is  to  be  a  conse- 
crated and  successful  minister  of  Jesus  Christ. 

Lane,  Rev.  Button,  was  born  Nov.  12,  1732. 
near  Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  baptized  by  Shubaol 
Sterns  in  1758,  and  ordained  to  the  ministry  in 
October,  1764.  He  had  a  vigorous  constitution,  a 
powerful  voice,  and  a  heart  on  fire  with  the  love 
of  Jesus,  and  he  was  greatly  blessed  by  his  Master. 
In  the  Dare  River  church.  Va.,  of  which  he  was 
pastor,  and /or  many  miles  around,  the  fruits  of  his 
ministry  were  visible  to  the  whole  community.  His 
father,  impelled  by  hatred  to  his  religious  fervor, 
tried  to  kill  him,  but  "  he  himself  was  slain  by  the 
sword  of  the  Spirit,  from  which  he  soon  after  re- 
vived with  the  hope  of  eternal  life,'"  and  was  bap- 
tized by  his  son. 

Mr.  Lane  continued  in  the  ministry  till  death, 
but  the  latter  part  of  his  life  was  marred  by  cer- 
tain strange  opinions  which  he  adopted. 

Lane,  Rev,  Thomas  Jefferson,  one  of  Tennes- 
see's veteran  Baptist  ministers,  was  born  in  Jefl'oi'- 
son  (now  Hamilton)  Co.,  East  Tenn..  Oct.  0,  1804: 
son  of  Aquila  and  .Vgnes  Lane,  and 'grandson  of 


LANKERSHIM 


671 


LASHl'JR 


Elder  Lane,  one  of  the  first   Baptist  ministers  that 
settled  in  East  Tennessee,  in  178"). 

Mr.  Lane  professed  religion  in  1834,  and  was 
baptized  by  Andrew  Cofi'inan,  and  regularly  set 
apart  to  the  ministry  on  the  second  Saturday  in 
October,  1839,  l>y  the  Bent  Creek  Baptist  church, 
Elders  Josepli  Manning  and  Hugh  Woodson  acting 
as  the  Presbytery.  From  that  time  Mr.  Lane  has 
been  doing  effective  service  for  the  Master  in  the 
sarae  section  of  country.  Eternity  alone  will  re- 
veal the  good  he  has  accomplished  for  the  cause  of 
Christ  and  the  salvation  of  sinners. 

Lankershim,  Deacon  Isaac,   is  the  Baptist 

benefactor  of  California,  lie  is  of  Jewish  birth  ; 
was  converted  to  Christianity,  baptized  in  Mis- 
souri, and  removed  with  his  wife,  a  converted  Jew- 
ess, to  California  at  an  early  day  ;  joined  the  First 
Baptist  church  ;  was  one  of  its  deacons  ;  became  a 
constituent  member  of  the  Tabernacle  church  in 
1865,  and  is  still  a  member,  the  church  having 
changed  its  name  to  Metropolitan  in  1875.  He  is 
a  large  benefactorof  Baptist  institutions;  purchased 
lots  for  the  Second,  Fifth,  and  Tabernacle  churches; 
was  a  chief  contributor  to  the  building  of  the  Tab- 
ernacle, and  in  1875  provided  the  money,  nearly 
$200,000,  for  the  Metropolitan  church  lots  and 
building.  In  1874  he  gave  the  second  large  sub- 
scription for  California  College,  nearly  §13,000. 
Always  successful  in  business  operations,  careful, 
prudent,  and  conscientious,  quiet  and  unassuming 
in  manner,  he  is  everywhere  loved  and  honored. 
lie  has  large  city  properties  and  immense  farms  in 
the  country.  His  home  is  at  Los  Angeles.  Though 
a  converted  Jew, — "  an  Israelite  in  whbm  there  is 
no  guile," — giving  quietly  from  principle,  and  not 
from  impulse,  he  has  never  lost  the  respect  of  his 
Jewish  kindred,  with  whom  he  is  associated  in 
many  business  enterprises.  Deacon  Lankershim 
is  for  California  what  the  Crozers,  Colgates,  and 
Colbys  are  for  the  Atlantic  States. 

La  Rue,  Rev.  Alexander  Warren,  whose  an- 
cestors were  French  and  Irish,  and  firm  Presby- 
terians, was  born  in  La  Rue  Co.,  Ky.,  Jan.  23,  1819. 
He  united  with  Severn's  Valley  church  while  at- 
tending an  academy  at  Elizaltethtown  in  1837  ;  was 
licensed  to  preach  in  November,  1838.  In  1839  he 
entered  Georgetown  (College,  graduating  in  1842. 
During  the  latter  year  he  was  ordained  for  the  pas- 
torate of  Flemingsburc;  church.  This  church  was 
in  the  Bracken  Association,  among  the  churches  of 
which  Mr.  La  Rue  held  many  protracted  meetings 
with  encouraging  success.  In  1849  he  removed  to 
Louisville  and  became  associate  editor  of  the  Bap- 
tist Baiuier,  a  weekly  religious  paper,  since  ciilled 
the  Weste7ti  Recorder.  AVhile  in  this  position  he 
preached  a  short  time  to  Bank  Street  Baptist  church 
in  New  Albany,  and  afterwards  to  East  Baptist 
church   in   Louisville.      Having   resigned    liis   edi- 


torial office,  he  accepted  tht;  pastorate  of  the  church 
at  llarrodsburg  in  1S53,  where  he  remained  three 
years,  and  then  accepted  a  call  to  the  church  at 
Georgetown.  Subsequently  he  was  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Stanford,  and  finally  at  Salem,  in  Chris- 
tian County.  At  the  latter  place  he  died,  Sept.  11, 
I8f)4,  after  a  life  of  singular  consecration,  devotion, 
and  fruitfulness.  His  biography  was  written  and 
pulilished  under  the  appropriate  title  of  "  La  Rue's 
Ministry  of  Faith,"  by  Rev.  A.  C.  Graves,  D.D. 

Lasher,  George  William,  D.D.,  was  born  in 

Schenectady  Co.,  N.  Y.,  June  24,  1831.     His  father 


GEOROE     UII.r.IAM     I.ASIIER,    H.D. 

was  a  farmer  of  Holland  ancestry,  and  his  mother 
traced  her  descent  from  a  member  of  the  "  Boston 
Tea  Party."  He  was  converted  at  Hamilton,  in 
1853,  while  attending  the  academy,  and  in  the  same 
ye.ar  entered  Madison  University,  graduating  in 
1857.  In  1859  he  graduated  from  Hamilton  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  and  at  once  entered  upon  the 
pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Norwalk,  Conn., 
where,  on  September  30,  he  was  ordained.  In 
I860  he  married  Miss  Lizzie  C,  daugiiter  of  Dr.  G. 
W.  Eaton,  president  of  Madison  University.  In 
.July,  1861,  he  became  chaplain  of  the  5tli  Conn. 
Regiment,  and  served  for  si.x  months  on  the  upper 
Potomac,  when  ho  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Newburg,  N.  Y.  From  1864  to  1868  lie 
was  ])astor  of  the  Portland  Street  ciiurch,  Haver- 
hill, Mass.,  from  1868  to  1872  of  the  First  church 
of  Trenton,  N.  .J.,  and  from  1872  to  1875  was  cor- 
responding secretary  of  the  New  York  Baptist  Ed- 
ucation Society.     In  1 875  he  made  a  tour  of  Europe, 


LATHROP 


672 


LAW 


Egypt,  and  Palestine,  and  in  August,  1S76,  became 
editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Journal  and  "Messenger, 
at  Cincinnati,  0.  In  1874  he  I'eceived  the  degree 
of  D.D.  from  Madison  University.  Dr.  Lasher  has 
a  commanding  presence,  and  is  a  vigorous  and  suc- 
cessful preacher  and  editor.  The  Journal  and  Mes- 
senger under  his  management  has  a  wide  influence 
in  the  Central  AVest. 

Lathrop,  Edward,  D.D.,  son  of  Burel  Lathrop, 
who  early  removed  from  Norwich,  Conn.,  to  Georgia, 


EDUAIU)     l.ATllHOr,    0,D. 

I 

was  born  in  Savannali,  Ga.,  jSIarch  14,  1814;  bap- 
tized by  Rev.  II.  0.  Myer  into  the  Savannah  Bap- 
tist church  in  June,  1827  ;  commenced  study  for 
the  ministry  at  Furman  Institution,  S.  C,  in  1S32  ; 
on  the  closing  of  tliat  institution  went  to  Hamilton, 
N.  Y.,  and  graduated  in  what  is  now  Madison  Uni- 
versity in  1840;  pursued  a  course  of  thcolngical 
study  at  Hamilton  ;  was  called  as  assistant  of  Rev. 
Richard  Fuller,  D.D.,  at  Beaufort,  S.  C. ;  in  1844 
settled  as  pastor  of  the  Tabernacle  Baptist  church 
in  New  York  City,  and  labored  with  distinguished 
success  for  twenty-two  years,  until  health  failed; 
granted  a  long  furlough  by  the  church,  l)ut  finallj' 
resigned;  in  ISCiti  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
churcli  in  Stanifonl,  Conn.,  where  he  still  labors 
with  great  honor ;  received  the  honorary  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity  from  Rochester  University;  has 
been  a  trustee  from  the  l)eginning  of  Vassar  College, 
N.  Y.,  and  is  now  president  of  the  board  of  trustees ; 
is'  also  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Con- 
necticut Literary  Institution  ;  is  one  of  the  trustees 
of  Madison  University ;  engaged  in  all  benevolent 


objects;    a  strong  preacher  and    able  counselor; 
he  has  puljlished  several  sermons  by  request. 

Lattimore,  Rev.  Samuel  S.,  was  born  in  Ruth- 
erford Co.,  N.  C,  March  9,  1811:  removed  with 
his  father  while  yet  a  child  to  Jennings,  Ind.  At 
fourteen  years  of  age  became  a  member  of  the 
literarj'  institution  at  South  Hanover,  Ind.  Sup- 
porting himself  by  his  own  exertions,  he  remained 
at  this  institution  for  nine  years,  until  he  completed 
his  course,  in  July,  1833.  During  this  period  he 
became  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and 
remained  in  this  connection  for  six  or  seven  j'ears. 
Leaving  college  soon  thereafter,  he  went  to  Vicks- 
burg,  Miss.,  thence  to  Clinton,  and  shortly  after- 
wards taught  in  the  school  at  Society  Ridge.  In 
1834  he  joined  the  Baptist  church.  In  1835  he 
was  ordained  to  the  gospel  ministry,  and  became 
general  agent  for  the  Mississippi  Baptist  State  Con- 
vention. In  December,  1837,  he  settled  at  Middle- 
ton,  CarroJl  Co.,  Miss.,  where  he  engaged  in  preach- 
ing, and  in  teaching  a  school  under  Baptist  auspices 
until  1840,  when  he  removed  to  Sumter  Co.,  Ala., 
where  he  preached  to  Providence  and  other 
churches.  In  1845  he  was  again  general  agent  of 
the  Mississippi  Baptist  State  Convention.  In  1847 
he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  Macon  church, 
Noxubee  Co.,  Miss.  Remaining  there  one  year, 
he  accepted  a  very  urgent  call  from  the  Aberdeen 
church,  with  an  understanding  that  he  should  re- 
turn to  Macon  after  the  lapse  of  a  year.  Accord- 
ingly he  returned  to  Macon,  and  remained  till  he 
again  accepted  an  invitation  to  take  cliarge  of  the 
Aberdeen  church.  In  this  relation  he  continued 
until  his  death.  From  1849  to  1854  he  was  presi- 
dent of  the  Mississippi  Baptist  State  Convention. 
He  had  various  controversies  on  the  principles  and 
practices  of  the  Baptists,  and  endured  no  little 
persecution.  He  was  a  man  of  marked  ability, 
of  warm  and  generous  affections,  eloquent  as  a 
preacher,  able  as  a  controversial  writer,  and  emi- 
nently successful  as  a  minister  of  the  gospel. 

Law,  Rev.  Francis  Marion,  was  born  in  Sum- 
ter District,  S.  C,  May  15.  1828;  was  educated  for 
a  physician,  and  received  his  diploma  from  the 
Medical  College  of  Georgia,  at  Augusta;  practised 
medicine  at  Wetumpka  and  Selma,  Ala. ;  ordained 
in  1855;  for  five  years  financial  secretary  of  Ala- 
bama Baptist  Bible  and  Colportage  Society ;  one 
year  missionary  and  surgeon  on  the  Bethel  ship 
"JMobile  Bay,"  under  auspices  of  American  Sea- 
men's Friend  Society ;  removed  to  Texas  in  No- 
vember, 1859;  pastor  of  Chapel  Hill,  Bellville, 
Brenham,  Plantersville,  and  Bryan  churches  from 
18(iO  to  187(5;  is  a  man  of  vigorous  intellect  and 
indomitalile  energy;  now  engaged  in  raising 
§250,000  for  Texas  Educational  Commission. 

Law,  Rev.  Josiah  S.,  son  of  Samuel  S.  Law, 
was  born  in  Saulsbury,  Ga.,  Feb.  5.  1808.     He  re- 


LAW 


673 


LAWLER 


ceived  a  classical  education,  and  succeeded  Rev. 
James  Shannon  as  a  teacher  in  Liberty  County, 
when  Mr.  Shannon  was  called  to  Auj^usta,  in  1827. 
It  was  while  teaching  at  Sunbury  that  he  was  con- 
verted and  joined  the  Baptist  church  there.  He 
then  took  a  three  years'  theological  course  at  New- 
ton Theological  Seminary  In  IS31  he  entered 
upon  his  ministerial  duties  at  Sunbury,  and  for 
twenty  years  served  that  church  and  neighborhood 
with  great  usefulness,  except  during  two  short  in- 
tervals when  he  accepted  calls  to  Macon  and  Sa- 
vannah. 

The  colored  people  received  great  benefit  from 
his  preaching,  among  whom  he  was  very  success- 
ful. He  died  on  the  5th  of  October,  1853.  At 
that  time  sixty  colored  candidates  were  awaiting 
baptism  at  his  hands. 

Law,  Rev.  Samuel  Spry,  was  horn  in  Liberty 
County  in  1774.  IIu  movL'd  in  the  best  society  all 
'his  life,  his  family  and  connections  being  culti- 
vated and  wealthy.  For  forty  years  he  lived  a 
worldly-minded  n>an  and  a  moralist,  but  was  con- 
verted in  his  fort3'-first  year,  and  joined  the  Sun- 
bury Baptist  church  on  the  30th  of  April,  1815. 
He  was  ordained  to  tiie  ministry  Dec.  27,  1827,  at 
the  age  of  fifty-three.  After  laboring  on  the  coast 
for  some  time,  he  was  called  to  succeed  Dr.  C.  0. 
Screven,  at  Sunbury.  This  connection  continued 
for  a  year  or  so  only,  and  he  devoted  his  whole 
time  to  the  colored  people,  and  to  the  poor  white 
churches  of  Lil)erty  County.  This  work  he  con- 
tinued with  great  usefulness  for  six  or  seven  years, 
when  his  heultli  began  to  fail  gradually,  and  he  ex- 
pired on  the  4th  of  February,  1837. 

He  was  a  man  of  great  fervor  and  spirituality  ; 
prepared  his  sermons  carefully,  and  became  a  good 
preacher.  He  was  well  acr|uaintpd  with  the  Scrip- 
tures, and  was  much  gifted  in  prayer.  Few  ever 
made  more  progress  in  piety  and  in  the  knowledge 
of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  than  he. 

Lawler,  Rev.  B.  F.,  was  bom  in  West  Tennes- 
see, Jan.  1,  1S34;  baptized  in  1858;  ordained  in 
I860;  labored  a  number  of  years  at  Windsor,  Mo. 
He  is  at  the  present  time  pastor  of  the  Salem  and 
Prairie  Union  Baptist  churches,  Neb.  In  con- 
nection with  his  ministerial  labors,  Mr.  Lawler, 
while  in  Missouri,  devoted  a  part  of  his  time  to 
teaching.  In  1880  he  published  a  volume  of  ser- 
mons, addresses,  and  letters. 

Lawler,  Judge  Jacob,  was  born  in  North  Caro- 
lina in  1706  ;  while  a  youth  his  father  removed  to 
Tennessee,  and  the  son  subsequently  located  in 
North  Alabama,  and  about  the  year  1820  settled  in 
Shelby  County.  He  held  various  offices  of  trust: 
judge  of  the  county  court,  member  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  the  State  Legislature  from  182f) 
to  1831,  and  was  then  elected  to  the  State.Senatc ;  re- 
signed that  position  to  accept  that  of  receiver  of 


puldic  moneys  for  one  of  the  land  districts  of  tlie 
State,  tendered  him  by  President  Andrew  Jackson  ; 
held  that  office  at  Mardisville,  in  Talladega;  County, 
where  it  was  located,  until  he  was  elected  to  Con- 
gress in  1835  ;  was  re-elected  to  Congress  in  1837, 
and  died  on  the  8tli  of  May,  1838,  in  the  city  of 
Washington,  while  Congress  was  in  se.s.sion,  and  bis 
lemains  now  rest  in  that  city.  He  was  in  office 
continuously  from  1822  to  1838,  never  having  suf- 
fered defeat  or  reproach. 

In  1826,  Jacob  Lawler  united  with  the  Baptist 
church,  and  in  a  short  time  was  ordained  to  the 
ministry.  From  the  time  of  his  ordination  to  his 
election  to  Congress  he  filled  the  office  of  pastor. 
The  Talladega  (now  Alpine)  and  the  Talladega 
town  churches  were  originated  by  his  ministry,  and 
he  was  their  pastor.  It  was  characteristic  of  ^Ir. 
Lawler  not  to  allow  his  secular  duties  to  interfere 
with  his  religious  obligations  when  it  could  be 
avoided. 

Lawler,  Gen.  Levi  W.,  was  born  in  Madison 
Co.,  Ala.,  in   1816;   with  his  parents,  settled  in 


GEN.  LEVI    W.   I.AWr.ER. 

Talladega  County  in  early  life  ;  united  with  the 
Talladega  church,  of  which  his  father  was  pastor, 
in  1835.  After  .Judge  Lawler  resigned  the  office 
of  receiver  of  public  moneys  at  Mardisville  he  was 
succeeded  by  his  son  Levi,  under  appointment  of 
President  Jackson,  and,  though  only  nineteen  years 
of  age,  he  easily  obtained  the  required  liond  of 
^100,000.  After  four  years  he  was  suspended  on 
account  of  his  opposition  to  the  administration  of 
President  V'an  Buren,  but  was  restored  to  the  po- 


LA  WRENCE 


ti74 


LA  WSON 


sition  by  President  Tyler  in  1841,  and  held  it  for 
another  term  of  four  years.  In  1848  he  located  in 
Mobile,  and  engaged  in  the  commission  business-, 
which  he  has  not  yet  relinquished.  In  1861  his 
friends  elected  him  to  the  Legislature  without  con- 
sulting him  ;  was  returned  in  1863  ;  was  a  member 
of  that  body  during  the  whole  )Dcriod  of  the  civil 
war,  and  he  was  three  years  chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee on  ways  and  means.  In  1874,  Gen.  Lawler 
was  appointed  by  Gov.  Houston  one  of  the  State 
commissioners  to  adjust  and  liquidate  its  burden- 
some debt.  lie  drafted  the  plan  of  settlement,  and 
performed  the  principal  labor  in  its  execution  among 
creditors  of  the  State, — a  work  which  brought  great 
relief  to  the  people  of  Alabama.  For  many  years 
he  has  been  one  of  the  trustees  of  Howard  College, 
and  of  the  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  Collage  of 
the  State.  He  has  been  and  is  still  a  man  of  hand- 
some fortune,  of  great  energy,  industry,  and  finan- 
cial skill;  liberal  to  objects  of  benevolence  and 
to  public  enterprises.  It  is  conceded  that  the 
gubernatorial  honors  of  Alabama  have  been  within 
his  reach  for  years,  but  lie  has  declined  them.  His 
vast  influence  affects  for  good  all  the  higher  rela- 
tions of  life,  political  and  civil,  social  and  educa- 
tional, financial  and  denomina'tional,  in  the  State. 
He  maintains  the  constant  confidence  of  all  grades 
of  society.  AVhen  a  master  he  was-  famous  for  his 
tenderness  to  his  slaves,  and  now  that  they  are 
free  he  has  their  uniform  confidence  and  highest 
regard.     He  has  no  superior  in  Alabama. 

Lawrence,  William  Mangam,  D.D.,  was  born 
in  AVashington,  D.  C,  May  11,  1848  ;  was  converted 
in  early  youth,  and  entered  college  at  Amherst, 
Mass. ;  graduated  from  Madison.  University  and 
Hamilton  Theological  Seminary;  settled  with  the 
church  at  Amsterdam,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  or- 
dained in  August,  1871.  The  following  year  he 
received  an  urgent  call  from  the  Spring  Garden 
church  in  Philadelphia,  which  he  accepted,  and  en- 
_tered  upon  his  labors  in  October,  1872.  It  was  an 
important  period  in  the  history  of  the  church.  A 
large  colony  had  just  gone  out  to  form  the  Geth- 
semane  church  in  a  new  and  rapidly-growing 
neighborhood.  A  pastor  was  needed  witii  power 
to  hold  and  strengthen  "the  things  which  re- 
mained," and  in  this  work  he  has,  under  God,  been 
eminently  successful. 

Mr.  Lawrence  throws  the  vigor  of  his  early  man- 
hood into  all  that  he  says  and  does.  His  sermons 
and  occasional  contributions  to  religious  journiUs 
give  evidence  of  an  observing  and  thoughtful 
mind.  His  systematic  methods  enable  him  to  ac- 
complish a  vast  amount  of  pastoral  work,  and  to 
render  valuable  service  to  other  denominational 
interests  with  which  he  has  become  connected. 
His  powerful  intellect,  scholarly  attainments,  and 
Christian   spirit  immUc  liiui  a  power  in  the  commu- 


nity.   In  1880  he  became  pastor  of  the  Second  Bap- 
tist church  of  Chicago. 


WILLIAM    MANGAM    LAWRENCE,  D.D, 

.  Laws,  E.8V.  M.  L.,  was  born  in  Virginia,  Aug. 
21,  1842.  He  made  a  profession  of  religion  -when 
eighteen  years  of  age,  and  w:is  baptized  by  Rev.  J. 
S.  Kennard  in  the  E  Street  Baptist  church,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  in  November,  1859.  He  was  or- 
dained in  1871  at  the  Rehoboth  Baptist  church  in 
Saline  Co.,  JIo.  Brother  Laws  has  been  pastor  at 
Glasgow  and  Booneville,  and  of  the  Park  Avenue 
church  in  St.  Louis.  He  is  now  secretary  of  the 
Missouri  Baptist  Sunday-School  Convention,  and 
he  is  rendering  efficient  service  in  this  position. 
He  is  a  man  of  ability,  industry,  and  usefulness. 

Lawson,  Rev.  Albert  G.,  was  born  in  Pough- 

keepsie,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  5.  1842.  In  1858  he  made  a 
public  profession  of  religion,  and  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  John  Q.  Adams,  and  became  a  member  of  the 
North  Baptist  church.  New  York.  He  studied  in 
the  College  of  the  City  of  New  York  and  in  Madi- 
son University,  and  was  ordained  as  pastor  of 
Perth  An\boy  Baptist  church,  N.  J.,  in  June,  1862. 
In  1867  he  took  charge  of  the  Greenwood  Baptist 
church,  where  he  still  labors  with  marked  success. 

He  is  one  of  the  most  able  laborers  in  the  temper- 
ance cause.  He  is  the  author  of  "  ^Methods  of 
Church  Work,"'  "Duty  of  the  Christian  Church  in 
Relation  to  Temperance,'"  and  the  "Peace  ami 
Power  of  Temperance  Literature,"  also  an  address 
on  "  Self-Culture."'  Ilis  discourses  are  clear,  logi- 
cal, and  earnestly  delivered. 

Lawson,  Admiral  Sir  John,  was  born  near 


LA  WSON 


675 


LA  WSOiV 


Scarborou;;h,  Yorkshire,  England.  From  very  curly 
life  he  was  on  the  ocean.  AVhen  the  Parliament 
resolved  to  fight  for  the  liberties  of  England,  Lawson 
entered  its  naval  service.  His  inteiligoncc,  faith- 
fulness in  executing  orders,  and  religious  behavior 
soon  attracted  attention  and  S(H;urcd  promotion. 
Having  obtained  the  command  of  a  small  vessel, 
he  made  himself  so  useful  that  he  was  soon  the 
captain  of  the  finest  ship  in  the  British  navy ;  and 
in  process  of  time  he  became  an  admiral,  and  occa- 
sionally had  the  whole  fleet  placed  under  his  au- 
thority, lie  fought  under  IJlake  in  all  the  battles 
which  gave  him  and  his  country  so  much  naval 
glory.  Cromwell  looked  upon  him  with  special 
favor,  and  was  always  ready  to  promote  bis  in- 
terests, until  he  became  a  king  in  everything  but 
the  name. 

On  the  2d  of  June,  1653,  ti)e  British  fleet  at- 
tacked the  Dutch  off  the  coast  of  Flanders.  Deaiie 
and  Monk  were  admirals,  Sir  William  Penn  was 
vice-admiral,  and  Sir  John  Lawson  was  rear-admi- 
ral. Lawson  charged  through  the  Dutch  fleet  with 
forty  ships,  pouring  destruction  into  the  enemy, 
and  so  disabling  Dc  lluytor's  squadron  that  Van 
Troinp  iiad  to  come  to  his  relief;  and  after  a  hot 
engagement,  in  which  Lawson  was  the  foremost 
fighting  man,  the  Dutch  withdrew.  The  next  day 
the  battle  was  renewed  and  the  enemy  was  routed. 
Six  great  ships  of  the  Dutch  were  sunk,  two  blown 
up,  and  eleven  of  the  largest  and  two  smaller  ves- 
sels were  captured,  with  thirteen  hundred  prison- 
ers, and  nothing  but  flight  saved  the  other  Dutch 
vessels. 

As  soon  as  the  power  of  Richard  Cromwell  ended, 
and  the  Parliament  of  the  country  had  reassembled, 
the  officers  of  the  fleet,  being  largely  Baptists,  and 
consequently  strong  republicans,  acknowledged  the 
authority  of  Parliairieiit  in  terms  of  loyal  satisfac- 
tion. Immediately  after,  the  Committee  of  Safety 
appointed  by  the  Parliament  ordered  the  equipment 
of  six  frigates  to  be  ready  for  any  emergency,  and, 
to  show  their  appreciation  of  our  gallant  brother. 
Sir  John  Lawson,  they  gave  him  the  command  of 
this  squadron  and  created  him  vice-admiral  of  the 
fleet.  For  a  considerable  period  after  this  Sir  John 
had  control  of  the  whole  British  navy,  and  he  was 
known  throughout  his  country  os  a  supporter  of  a 
free  Parliament  whom  no  bribes  or  persuasions 
could  turn  from  his  patriotic  convictions. 

The  Parliament  in  power  at  this  period  was  the 
Long  Parliament  dispersed  by  Oliver  Cromwell, 
and  recalled  once  more  to  the  exercise  of  legislative 
and  executive  powiM-s.  Against  this  body  the  army 
determincil  to  wage  war,  and  they  hindered  the 
speaker  and  the  members  from  reaching  the  house. 
Lamb(>rt  and  the  principal  odicM-rs  of  the  army  were 
bent  on  ruling  the  narion  liy  the  sword.  Lawson 
brought  his  fleet  into  tin-  Thames  and  declared  for 


the  Parliament  by  a  voice  which  the  Dutch  had  re- 
spected on  the  ocean,  and  which  his  countrymen 
reverenced  everywhere.  And  his  timely  assistance, 
with  the  aid  of  Monk,  overcame  the  friends  of  the 
sword,  and  the  Parliament  resumed  its  meetings 
and  its  authority.  On  the  3d  of  June.  16((5,  in  a 
great  naval  battle  between  the  English  and  the 
Dutch,  in  which  the  Duke  of  York  was  the  nominal 
and  Lawson  the  real  commander  of  the  British 
fleet,  and  in  which  the  Dutch  lost  thirty-two  ships 
and  six  thousand  men,  Sir  John  Lawson  received 
a  shot  in  tli(i  knee  in  the  middle  of  the  battle  ;  the 
wound  gangrened,  and  he  died  a  few  days  after  on 
shore,  rejoicing  in  the  blessed  Saviour  whom  he  was 
going  to  meet. 

Lord  Clarendon,  a  bitter  enemy  of  Ba^itists  and 
republicans,  says  of  the  admiral :  "  He  was.  in- 
deed, of  all  the  men  of  that  time,  and  of  that  ex- 
traction and  education,  incomparably  the  modestest 
and  the  wisest  man,  and  most  worthy  man  to  be 
confided  in.  He  was  in  all  the  actions  performed 
by  Blake,  some  of  which  were  very  stupendous, 
and  in  all  the  battles  which  Cromwell  had  fought 
with  the  Dutch.  He  was  commander-in-chief  of 
the  fleet  when  Richard  (Cromwell)  was  thrown  out  j 
and  when  the  contest  grew  between  the  Hump  (the 
Long  Parliament)  and  Lambert,  he  brought  the 
whole  fleet  into  the  river  and  declared  for  that 
which  is  called  the  Parliament  (Clarendon  did  not 
recognize  this  body  as  a  Parliament),  which  broke 
the  neck  of  all  other  designs,  though  Jie  inlended 
(iiijij  the  heller  setlUment  of  the  Commonwealth.''' 
He  had  no  Avish  to  aid  the  Stuarts  to  mount  the 
throne  forfeited  by  Charles  I.  Elsewhere  he  says: 
"  The  present  fleet,  prepared  for  the  summer  ser- 
vice, was  under  the  command  of  Vice-Admiral  Sir 
John  Lawson,  an  excellent  seaman,  but  then  a  no- 
torious Avatiaptist ;  and  they  well  remembered 
how  he  had  lately  besieged  the  city  (London),  and 
by  the  power  of  his  fleet  given  that  turn  which 
helped  to  revive  the  'Committee  of  Safety'  (the 
government  set  up  by  the  army)  and  restore  the 
Rump  Parliament  to  the  exercise  of  their  jurisdic- 
tion." Granville  Penn,  in  his  "Memorials  of 
Admiral  Sir  William  Penn,"  speaks  of  "  the  re- 
nowned Sir  John  Lawson,"  and  he  states  that 
Oliver  "Cromwell  set  aside  Major  Bourne  and  ap- 
pointed Lawson  rear-admiral  of  the  fleet  in  liis 
place."  The  great  Protector  held  Sir  John  Lawson 
in  the  highest  esteem.  Except  Cromwell  himself, 
in  his  day  no  .soldier  stood  higher  than  Gen.  Harri- 
son. And  during  the  latter  part  of  Lawson's  life  he 
was  regarded  as  one  of  the  greatest  heroes  in  the 
naval  history  of  Britain,  and  his  death  was  felt  to 
be  a  national  calamity.  These  brave  men  were  both 
decided  Baptists.  See  "  Memoirs  of  Ludlow,"  ii. 
466,  666,  726.  736.  S.5.5.  Vevay,  1699;  Southey's 
'■  Lives   of    the    British    Aduiirals,"    v.  269,   note, 


LAWTON 


676 


LEACH 


London,  1837;  Clarendon's  "History  of  the  Re- 
bellion," iii.  728,  Oxford,  1706  ;  Rapin's  "  History 
of  England,"  ii.  639,  640,  London,  1733  ;  "  Memo- 
rials of  Sir  William  Penn,  Knt.,"  i.  312,  469,  470, 
Londoii,  1833. 

Lawton,  Col.  Alex,  J.,  who  died  some  three 
years  ago,  spent  his  life,  which,  "by  reason  of 
strength  was  fourscore  and  four  years,"  in  Beau- 
fort, S.  C.  He  was  long  a  deacon  of  the  Black 
Swamp  church,  and  repeatedly  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature.  He  was  dignified  but  extremely 
pleasant,  especially  among  the  young,  with  whom 
he  was  a  great  favorite.  The  writer  met  him 
about  a  year  before  his  death,  and  found  him  the 
same  genial  Christian  that  he  had  always  been. 
Few  masters  were  so  considerate  of  their  slaves, 
and  few  had  their  affection  in  an  equal  degree. 
He  used  much  of  his  large  property  for  benevolent 
objects.  Few  have  spent  a  life  so  long  and  so  well 
regulated. 

Lawton,  Rev.  Joseph  A.,  may  be  called  the 
Baptist  patriarch  of  Barnwell,  S.  C,  and  -of  the 
surrounding  counties.  He  held  and  used  his  large 
fortune,  before  the  war,  as  a  steward  who  must 
give  an  account.  He  now  lives,  in  advanced  years, 
in  the  midst  of  his  spiritual' children,  white  and 
colored,  who  revere  him.  Prudence  and  modera- 
tion have  marked  his  whole  life.  ~  His  numerous 
servants,  at  the  close  of  the  war,  cherished  liim  in 
their  hearts,  and  quite  a  number  of  them  still  live 
with  him,  and  manifest  the  same  respect  as  they 
did  in  the  time  of  slavery.  Baptist  ministers  in 
his  section  owe  him  much,  because  he  refused  to 
preach  for  wealthy  churches  unless  they  paid  a 
salary  in  proportion  to  their  ability,  saying  that  if 
he  preached  for  nothing  it  should  be  to  churches 
not  al)le  to  compensate  liim.  They  complied,  and 
many  brethren  have  been  less  stinted  than  they 
would  have  been  had  Mr.  Lawton  notjnsisted  that 
"the  laborer  is  worthy  of  his  hire."  He  always 
gave  his  salary,  and  mucli  more,  to  some  worthy 
object.  He  has  long  been  pastor  of  the  Allendale 
church,  one  of  the  most  active  and  liljeral  in  the 
Savannah  River  Association. 

Lawton,  Rev.  W.  A.,  was  born  in  Beaufort 
Co.,  S.  C,  in  1793.  He  was  in  the  ministry  fifty- 
five  years,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1878, 
he  had  boon  pastor  of  the  Pipe  Creek  church  for 
twenty-seven  years.  His  remarkably  strong  con- 
stitution bore  him  up  in  good  health  almost  to  the 
close  of  life,  which  "  by  reason  of  strength  was 
fourscore  and  five  years."  Next  to  Thomas  Paw- 
son,  he  was  probably  the  oldest  Baptist  minister  in 
the  Shitc. 

Lea  Female  Seminary,  located  at  Summit. 
j\Iiss.,  on  the  line  of  the  Now  Orleans  and  Jackson 
Railroad,  Rev.  Charles  H^  Otken,  principal,  is.  an 
admirable  institution. 


Lea,  Hon.  Fryer,  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and  is 
now  nearly  eighty  years  of  age;  joined  the  Baptist 
Church  in  Tennessee,  where  he  practised  law  with 
success  and  distinction.  Represented  Tennessee  in 
the  Congi-ess  of  the  United  States.  He  afterwards 
removed  to  Mississippi,  and  practised  law  ;it  Jack- 
son. Has  served  as  State  superintendent  of  pub- 
lic instruction  in  Texas,  and  now  lives  at  Goliad. 
He  has  been  a  consistent  Baptist  under  all  circum- 
stances. 

Lea,  Rev.  Wm.  M.,  a  prominent  minister  in 
Arkansas,  was  born  in  North  Carolina  in  18)7, 
but  reared  and  educated  in  Tennessee.  He  came 
to  Arkansas  in  1851  as  missionary  of  the  Marion 
Board  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  and  began 
his  labors  at  Helena.  The  following  year  he  sev- 
ered his  relations  with  the  board,  and  boldly  en- 
tered the  State  as  an  independent  missionary,  re- 
lying upon  his  field  for  support,  and,  with  the 
exception  of  a  few  years,  has  ever  since  continued 
there  to  labor.  Helena,  Pine  Bluff,  Little  Rock, 
Forest  City,  and  other  places  have  received  the 
benefit  of  his  labors.  Just  before  the  late  conflict 
he  raised  a  subscription  of  875,000  towards  en- 
dowing a  State  college,  which  was  unfortunately 
lost  by  the  war.  Mr.  Lea  has  distinguished  him- 
self as  a  polemic,  having  engaged  in  many  debates, 
and  considers  himself  specially  set  for  the  defense 
of  the  truth. 

Leach,  Beriah  N.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Middle- 
town,  Vt.,  April  28,  1801  ;  converted  at  fourteen  ; 
ordained  pastor  at  Cornwell,  Vt.,  in  October,  1826; 
pastor  at  Middlebury,  Fredonia,  Wyoming,  Ham- 
ilton, and  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  and  in  ^liddletown. 
Conn.  He  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divin- 
ity from  Madison  University  in  1859.  He  died 
Jan.  23,  1869,  strong  in  his  Redeemer's  supporting 
grace.  Dr.  Leach  was  full  of  labors  and  of  love 
for  the  Redeemer,  and  the  favor  of  heaven  rested 
upon  his  toils  for  .Jesus  as  well  as  upon  his  own 
soul. 

Leach,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Shutes- 

bury,  JMass.,  in  1804,  and  baptized  by  Rev.  David 
Goddard,  of  Wendall.  Relinquishing  the  business 
in  which  he  was  engaged,  he  pursued  a  select 
course  of  study  at  the  Shelburne  Falls  Academy, 
and  took  a  partial  course  at  Newton.  In  1840  he 
was  ordained  in  Paterson,  N.  J.  Subsequently 
he  removed  to  Newark,  N.  J.,  and  then  to  Wen- 
dall and  South  Hanson,  Mass.,  and  Omaha,  Neb. 
To  this  latter  place  he  had  gone  on  business,  but, 
seeing  the  destitution  of  the  gospel  in  that  rising 
city,  he  preached  for  some  time  there  without  com- 
pensation, and  for  two  years  as  a  missionary'  of  tlie 
American  Baptist  Home  Missionary  Society.  The 
Baptist  church  of  Omaha  is  the  child  of  his  prayers 
and  labors.  Returning  East,  he  had  charge  of  the 
churches  in  East  Stoughton,  Holmes'  'Hole,  South 


LEARNING 


f>ll 


LEARNING 


yarrnouth,  lliirnod,  ami  Still  lliver.  all  in  the  State 
of  Massachusetts.     lie  died  at  Still  lliver,  Mass., 
March  30,  1871. 
Learning,  Baptist  Institutions  of.— Prcced- 

injr  and  dui-ini;;  the  Coiiiiiiiiiiwi^altli  in  England, 
lari^e  numbers  of  our  ministers  in  that  country  wore 
•graduates  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge.  After  1000, 
when  Charles  II.  ascended  the  throne,  the  neces- 
sity for  seeking  education  for  Baptist  pastors  in 
some  new  quarter  forced  itself  upon  the  attention 
of  our  brethren.  Various  plans  were  discussed  in 
London  and  elsewhere  to  secure  an  object  so  dear 
to  the  churches.  Edward  Terrill,  of  liristol,  in 
1()79,  set  apart  a  portion  of  his  property  for  the  in- 
struction of  students  for  the  ministry,  which  did 
not  become  available  until  the  death  of  his  wife. 
Though  some  aid  was  received  from  it  for  five  years 
preceding  1720,  it  was  in  that  year,  under  Rev. 
Bernard  Foskett,  that  Bristol  Baptist  College  was 
formally  established. 

In  1756,  Rev.  Isaac  Eaton,  of  Hopewell,  N.  J., 
opened  the  first  Baptist  Seminary  in  this  country 
"  for  the  education  of  youth  for  the  ministry."  In 
the  progress  of  this  institution  the  Philadelphia 
and  Charleston  Bajitist  Associations  took  the  deep- 
est interest.  They  ap()ointed  trustees  to  watch 
over  its  affairs ;  and  the  Philadelphia  Association 
raised  about  £400  to  aid  it  in  its  work.  The  prin- 
cipal was  a  scholarly  man,  and  he  had  the  art  of 
imparting  knowledge  to  others.  His  school  was  in 
existence  only  eleven  years,  and  in  that  time  the 
following  were  among  its  pupils:  Dr.  James  Man- 
ning, Dr.  Samuel  Jones,  Dr.  Hezckiah  Smith,  Dr. 
Isaac  Skilhnan,  and  Revs.  David  Thomas,  David 
Jones,  the  celebrated  Revolutionary  chaplain,  and 
Charles  Thompson.  The  distinguished  Judge  David 
Howell  was  also  a  student  at  Hopewell.  The  frame 
house  in  which  Mr.  Eaton  presided  over  his  semi- 
nary is  still  standing,  and  in  excellent  condition. 


ISAAC    EATON  S    ACADEMY. 

THE   FIRST    DAPTIST   SEMINARY    FOR   THE   EDICATIO.N   OF   MINISTERS 
IN    AMERICA. 

On  the  12th  of  OctoI)er.  1702,  the  Philadelphia 
Baptist  Association,  with  twenty-nine  churches  in 
its  fellowshi]!,  met  in  the  Lutheran  church  on 
Fifth  Street  above  Race  Street,  Philadelj)hia.  Rev. 
Morgan  Edwards  was  chosen  moderator,  and  Rev. 


Abel  Morgan  clerk.  At  this  session  of  the  mother 
Association  of  American  Baptists  it  was  decided 
that  it  was  "  expedient  to  erect  a  college  in  the 
eiilony  of  Rhode  Island,  under  the  chief  direction 
of  the  Baptists.''  Morgan  Edwards  was  "the  prin- 
cipal mover  in  this  matter,'"  and  to  him  and  Dr. 
Samuel  Jones  the  grand  educational  j)roject  was 
referred. 

In  1703  an  effort  was  made  to  secure  the  con- 
firmation of  a  charter  for  the  new  college  in  the 
Rhode  Island  Assembly.  The  charter  had  been 
prepared  by  Dr.  Ezra  Stiles,  of  Newport,  a  Congre- 
gational minister,  and  it  "was  so  artfully  con- 
structed as  to  throw  the  power  into  the  Fellows' 
hands,  whereof  eight  out  of  twelve  were  Presbyte- 
rians, usually  called  Congregationalists."  "The 
trustees  were  presumed  to  be  the  principal  branch 
of  authority,  and  as  nineteen  out  of  thirty-five  were 
to  be  Baptists,  the  Baptists  were  satisfied,  without 
sufficient  examination  into  the  authority  vested  in 
the  fellowship,  which  afterward  appeared  to  be  the 
soul  of  the  institution,  while  the  trusteeship  was 
only  the  l)ody"  (Manning  and  Brown  Universitj', 
pp.  48-49).  This  unworthy  effort  of  Dr.  Stiles  was 
frustrated  by  Daniel  Jenckes  and  others  in  the  As- 
sembly. The  amended  charter  was  confirmed  by 
the  Legislature  of  Rhode  Island  in  1764.  In  that 
year  the  Philadelphia  Association  recommended  the 
churches  to  be  liberal  in  placing  the  new  college 
upon  an  efiicient  basis;  and  in  1760  the  Association 
"  agreed  to  recommend  warmly  to  the  churches  the 
interests  of  the  college,  for  which  a  subscription  is 
opened  all  over  the  continent."'  Dr.  James  Man- 
ning was  the  first  president  of  Rhode  Island  Col- 
lege, now  Brown  University.  This  institution  to- 
day has  nineteen  instructors,  property  valued  at 
$1,750,000,  an  endowment  of  $650,000,  a  library  of 
53,000  volumes,  247  students,  and  a  history  of  use- 
fulness of  which  Americans,  and  especially  Ameri- 
can Baptists,  may  justly  be  proud.  The  Baptist 
colleges,  theological  seminaries,  and  academies  of 
the  United  States,  according  to  the  report  of  the 
"Baptist  Year-Book"'  for  1S81,  have  property 
worth  $1 1 ,988,883,  and  endowments  of  $4,960,730,— 
that  is  to  say,  these  institutions  own  assets  amount- 
ing to  $16,959,613,  nearly  seventeen  million  dol- 
lars. Their  reported  income  last  year  was  $679, 178, 
to  which  may  be  added  $160,000  from  36  of  them 
from  which  we  have  no  report  of  receipts.  They 
had,  during  1880,  667  teachers,  8749  students,  of 
whom  1532  were  preparing  for  the  Christian  min- 
istry. 

In  the  United  States  most  Pedobnptist  communi- 
ties receive  large  accessions  from  European  emi- 
gration ;  the  Baptists  gain  comparatively  few  mem- 
bers from  this  source.  Besides,  they  have  had  to 
contend  against  powerful  prejudices  from  the  ear- 
liest period  in  the  history  of  this  «ountry,  preju- 


LEARNING 


678 


LEARNING 


dices  which  for  a  long  time  in  several  colonies 
clothed  themselves  in  persecuting  leial  enactments, 
and  which  exist  to-day,  without  the  force  of  law, 
in  unfounded  charges  of  higotry  and  saving  sacra- 
men'talisra.  Nevertheless,  by  the  favor  of  God,  they 
have  been  able  not  only  to  rear  a  multitude  of 
church  edifices,  but  to  invest  seventeen. million  dol- 


lars in  institutions  of  learning.  Indeed,  we  have 
reason  to  believe  that  if  all  our  educational  enter- 
prises were  rejioried,  and  an  exact  examination  of 
their  property  and  endowments  made,  that  the  re- 
sult would  show  an  investmenjt  in  these  fountains 
of  light  of  a  sum  little  less  than  twenty  million 
dollars. 


BAPTIST   INSTITUTIONS  OF  LEARNING. 
UNITED  STATES.     IN  1881. 
COLLEGES   AND   UNIVERSITIES. 


Name. 


Brown  University !  170i 

Madison  University I  1819 

Colby  University '  1820 

Tlie  Columijian  University...'  1821 

Sliurtletr  College ,  1827 

Georgetown  College ■  1829 

Denison  University i  1831 

Franklin  College 1834 

Wake  Forest  College 18;U 

Mercer  University :  1838 

Richmond  College 1832 

Howard  College i  1843 

Baylor  University '  1845 

University  at  Lewisburg 1846 

William  Jewell  College 1849 

University  of  Rochester 1850 

Mississippi  College \  1850' 

Carson  College 1850 

Furman  University 1861 

Central  Univer-sity I  1852 

Kalamazoo  College '  1855 

Bethel  College* '. 1850 

Univeraity  of  Chicago j  1859 

McMinnville  College i  1858 

Waco  Univereity... i  18U1 

Vassar  College ...j  1801 

University  of  Des  Moines I  186."^ 

La  Grange  Colh'ge* I  1859 

Monongahela  College i  1807 

California  College 1871 

Sonthwestern  Baptist  Univ...  1874 

Total  number 31 


E.  G.  Robinson,  D.D.,  LL.D.. 

E.  Dodge,  D.D.,  LL.D 

Henry  E.  Robins,  D.D 

J.  C.  Welling,  LL.D 

A.  A.  Kendrick,  D.D 

R.  M.  Dudley,  D.D 

Alfred  Owen,  D.D 

W.  T.  Stott,  D.D 

T.  H.  Pritchard,  D.D 

A.  J.  Battle,  D.D 

B.  Purvear,  A.M 

Col.  J.T.  Murfee 

W.  C.  Craiie,  D.D.,  LL.D 

Rev.  D.J.  Hill,  A.M 

W.  R.  Rothwell,  D.D 

M.  B.  Andei-sou,  LL.D 

W.  S.  Webb,  D.D 

N.  B.  Goforth,  D.D 

J.  C.  Furman,  D.D 

L.  A.  Dunn,  D.D 

Kendall  Brooks,  D.D 

Leslie  Waggener,  LL.D 

Galusha  Anderson,  D.D 

Rev.  G.  J.  Burchett,  A.M 

R.  C.  Burleson,  D.D 

S.  L.  Caldwell,  D.D 

J.  A.  Nash,  D.D 

J.  F.  Cook,  LL.D 

H.  K.  Craig,  D.D 

U.  Gregory,  D.D 

Prof.  G.  W.  Jarman,  A.M 


Location. 


Peopeety. 


Providence,  R.  I '  19 

Hamilton,  N.  Y 10 

Waterville,  Me S 

Washington,  D.  C 25 

Upper  Alton,  III 7 

Georgetown,  Kv 6 

Granville,  O....^ 9 

Franklin,  Ind 8 

Wake  Forest,  N.  C 8» 

Macon,  Ga 9 

Richmond.  Va 8 

Marion,  Ala 8 

Independence.  Texas 6 

Lewisburg,  Pa 7 

Liberty,  Mo 7 

Rochester,  N.  Y 9 

Clinton,  Miss 7 

Mossy  Creek,  Tenn 4 

Greenville,  S.  C... ,  5 

Pella,  Iowa 7 

Kalamazoo,  Mich 9- 

Ru<sellville,  Ky 5' 

Chicago,  111 16 

McMinnville,  Oregon 4 

Waco,  Texas 10 

Ponghkeepsie,  N.  Y 31 

Des  Moines,  Iowa 4 

La  Grange,  Mo 8 

Jeffei'son,  Greene  Co.,  Pa.  6 

Vacaville,  Cal 4 

Jackson,  Tenn 6 


I 


247 

90 
148 
343 
128 
119 
173 

85 
171 
108 
125 
125 
119 

06 
145 
146 
200 
185 

80 
121 
169 
105 
250 
100 
190 
303 

78 
131 
108 

60 
185 


81,750,000 
(540,000 
300,000 
370,000 
175.000 
12.5,0(« 
300,000 
120,(KXI 

8(i.O0O 
300,(100 
300,(KX) 

50,000 
.  70,000 
250,000 
175,000 
846,443 

50,000 

50,000 
100,000 


Endow- 
ment. 


175,000 
175,000 
150,000 
30.(HX) 
50,000 
992,154 
70,000 
36,0lK) 
40,000 
30,000 
105,000 


£650,000  I 
480,000  I 
200,000  I 
110,000  I 
150,000  I 

75,000  ! 
190,000  I 

80,000 

46,000 
100,000 

95,000 

'26[o66 
121,769 
100,000 
255,540 
20,000 


75,000 
75,000 
GOO 
20,000 
13,000 
281,250 
20,000 

"ioiooo 

20,000 
55,000 


280   4609  I  $7,910,597  83,279,159 

i  I 


*  From  previous  reports. 


THEOLOGICAL  INSTITUIIONS. 


LEARNING 


679 


LEARNING 


BAPTIST    INSTITUTIONS   OF   LEARNING— Co/i</;i«e<f. 
a(;ai)Kmiks,  seminaries,  and  female  colleges. 


Alubaniii  Central  Feiimle  Col.  \^v,l 

Atliiiita  lla|itjat  Seniiiiuryt ...  1h7(I 

I  13»|)ti8t  Female  College l.sr>.5 

j  Baiilstowii  Jl.aiid  K.College.  1X42 

Baylor  Fuiiiiile  College 1S46 

Benedict  Inslitutcf ISTO 

Bethel  Female  Collejie Wri 

\  Broaddus  Female  Cullege l.sTl 

Burlington  Colored  Institute.  18.V2 

Cedar  Valley  Seminary* ISi;:! 

Central  Female  Imstitute IS,')! 

Cliuwan  Baptist  Female  Inst.  184S 

Colby  Aiademy IKiC 

Colgate  Academy 1X72 

Connecticut  Lit.  Institution...  18;i:S 

Cook  Academy 1872 

Georgetown  Female  Sera IWG 

Georgia  Female  College 1850 

Grand  River  College 1859 

Greenville  Baptist  Fem.  Col..  18,'>l 

Hardin  Feniale  College* 1873 

Hollin's  Institute 1841- 

Howe  Literary  Institute 1874 

Judson  Female  Institute 18-i9 

Keystone  Academy 1868 

Leland  Universityt 1870 

Lea  Feniale  College 1S77 

Mary  Sharp  (,'ollege is.'iO 

Minnesota  Academy* 1877 

i  Mount  I'leasant  Institute 1873 

I  Naihville  Iiistitutef 1865 

Natchez  Seniinaryt in77 

I  Normal  and  Tlieol.  School....  1«78 

Peddle  Institute 1865 

j  Keid  Institute 1862 

!  BichmoncI  Institutet 1867 

\  Shaw  I'nivereityt 186.1 

South  Jersey  Institute is70 

Stephen's  Female  College 1856 

University  Academy ik46 

University  Female  Institute.  In46 

Vermont  Academy 1872 

Wayland  Seininaryf 1H65 

Wayland  Univensity 1855 

Worcester  Academy 1834 

Wyoming  Seminary 1867 

Yuuug  Ladies'  Institute |  1832 


I'UKSIDE.ST. 


Location. 


Prof.  A.  K.  Yancey,  Jr Tuscaloosa,  Ala  

1  Hev.  .1.  T.  lloliert,  LL.D Atlanta,  (ia 

John  F.  Laiineaii,  A.M '  Lexington,  Mo 

il.  J.  (Ireenwell,  A.M i  Bardstown,  Ky 

J.  U.  Luther,  U.l) '  Independence,  Te.\as 

K.  J.  Coodspeeil,  D.D Columbia,  S.  C 

J.  W.  Bust,  A.M I  Hoiikiiisville,  Ky 

Kev.  E.J.  Willis,  LL.U Clarksburg,  W.  Va 

I'rof.  E.  F.  Stearns j  Burlington,  Iowa 

Hev.  A.  Bush,  A.M '  Osage,  Iowa 

Walter  Hillman,  LL.D Clinton,  Miss 

Dr.  A.  McDowell I  Murfreesborough,  N.  C... 

Janus  1'.  Di.von,  AM I  New  London,  N.  U 

Hev.  F.  W.  Towle,  A.M !  Hamilton,  N.  Y 

.■Martin  11.  Smith,  AM 1  Surtield,  Couii 

I'rof.  A.  ('.  Hill '  Havana,  N.  Y 

I'rof  J.  J.  Kiicker Georgetown,  Ky 

Mr.  1*.  F.  Asbury I  Madison,  (ia 

I'rof.  T.  11.  Storts Edinburg,  Mo 

.  I'rof  A.  S.  Townes )  Greenville,  S.  C 

!  Prof  A.  W.  Terrill --      -       -- 

I'rof.  ('has.  L.Cocke 

Prof  S.  I'".  Holt 

L.  R.  Gwaltney,  D.D 

Rev.  J.  II.  Harris,  A.M. 

Rev.  Seth  J.  Axtell,  Jr.. 


Mexico,  Mo.. 
Botetourt  Springs,  Va.. 

East  St.  Lou.s,  III 

Marion,  Ala 

Factory ville,  Pa 

New  Oi<ean8,  La. 


Rev.  C.  H.  Otken.  A.M Summit,  Miss.. 

Z.  C.  Graves,  LL.D 

S.  H.  Baker,  A.M , 

Rev.  Leroy  Stevens,  A.M.. 

D.  W.  Phillips,  D.D 

Rev.  Charles  Ayer 

Rev.  H.  Woodsmall 

Rev.  E.  J.  Avery,  A.M 

C.  A.  Gilbert,  A.M Keidsburg,  Pa 

Kev.  C  H.  Corey,  A.M Richnioiid,  Va 


Winchester,  Tcnu 

Owatonim,  Minn 

Mount  Pleasant,  Pa.. 

Nashville,  Tenu 

Natchez,  Miss 

Selnia,  Ala 

Iligbt.Ktown,  N.J 


Rev.  H.  M.  Topper,  A.M., 

Prof  II.  K.  Trask 

Prof  R.  P.  Rider 

VV.  E.  Martin,  A.M 

Jonathan  Jones,  A. 31 

H.  M.  Willard,  A.M 

Rev.  G.  M.  P.  King 

N.  E.Wood,  A.M 

Nath.  Leavenworth,  A.M.. 

Rev.  M.  Heath,  A.M 

D.  Sliepardson,  D.D 


12 
4 

12 
7 

10 
6 
8 
7 
6 
6 
7 
8 
6 
5 
7 

10 

10 
5 
4 

10 
8 

12 
4 

10 
7 
5 
G 


Total  number 48  . 


Raleigh,  N.  C 

Bridgetoii,  N.J \  10 

Columliia,  Mo I  14 

Lewisliiirg,  Pa j  4 

Lewisliurg,  Pa 10 

Saxton's  River,  Vt 8 

Washington,  D  C 7 

Beaver  Dam,  Wis C 

Worcester,  Mass 4 

Wyoming,  Del 6 

Granville,  0 9 


360 


110 
100 
133 

85 
10(1 
150 
lUO 

70 

60 
172 
104 

60 

76 
111 
110 
120 
115 

70 
131 
153 
160 
114 

84 
115 
145 
148 

75 
110 
173 

60 
231 
l-.iO 
250 
125 

68 

92 
277 
150 
170 

05 

72 
125 

92 
120 

58 

88 
100 


5622 


Pkopehty. 


8100,000 

12,000 


10,0(1(1 

20,11(10 

43,700 

30,000 

10,00(1 

50,000 

22.000 

20,000 

50,000 

181,000 

125,000 

1(10,000 

168,708 

25,000 


10,000 
2(1,0011 
68,000 
75,000 
25,(100 
50,000 
30,000 
85,(100 
10,000 

i(;,ooo 

12,000 
25,000 
80,000 
15,000 
8,000 
125,000 
10,000 


125,000 
75,000 
50,000 

75,0(K) 

142,000 

40,000 

50,(100 

200,000 


$2,388,408 


Endow- 
ment. 


818,700 


20,000 
9,000 


81,000 
,55,000 
■28,000 


40,000 

'io,oo6 

"5,196 


1,000 


20,000 


100,000 

i  9,000 
83,000 


8489,890 


*  From  previous  rejiorts. 


t  Under  the  auspices  of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society. 


ENGLAND,  WALES,  AND   SCOTLAND.- 


Name. 

When 
Founded. 

President. 

Location. 

•A 
M 

i 

H 

& 

Property. 

Endow- 

UENT. 

Brietoi  College !  1720 

F.  W.  Gotch,  LL.D 

Bristol 

Chilwell  Cdlege  (Gen.  Bap.).'  1797 

Rev.  F.  Goadby,  B.A 

Rev.  T.  G.  Hookc,  B  A 

Nottingham 

Rawclon  College '  1804 

Pontviioid  Cidlege !   1807 

Rev.  W.  M.  Lewis.  AM 

Rciie'iit's  Park  College '   1810 

Joseiib  Aiin-n*.  II  !)..  M.R.A.S  .. 

London 

Ilaveifordwest  College 1839     Thomas  Davios,  D.D 

Tliecd.  Institution  of  Scotland.    1856     James  Culross,  D.D 

Haverfordwest,  Wales.... 
Glasgow 

Llangtdlen 

1862      lliii'b  .I.iiiHs    II  II 

Manchester  Bap  Tliecd.  lust. 

1866 

Brighton  Grove,  M'cli't'r. 

Total  number 10 

j 

1 

*  These  institutions  bad  an  income  of  $80,000  in  1880. 


LEAVITT 


680 


LECOMPTE 


BAPTIST   INSTITUTIONS  OF   LEARNING— Conimwed;. 
CANADA.— Ontario. 


Name. 

I'KESIUENT. 

Location. 

£  ° 

0 

Pkopeetv. 

ES'DOW- 
ME.NT, 

Canadian  Literary  Institute- 
Toronto  Tlieol.  Institution.... 

"1881' 

Rev.  John  Torrance,  M.A 

J.  H.  Castle,  D.D 

Woodstock,  Ontario .•.. 

10 
3 

Total 

i 

13 

NOVA   SCOTIA. 


Name. 

0 

• 

President. 

Location. 

si 

z 

M 

_ 

Q 

• 
Peopeett. 

Endow- 

IIENT. 

A  W  Sawyer  DD 

8 

75 

In  addition  to  these,  we  have  missionary  colleges 
and  theological  institutions  in  Jamaica,  Burmah, 
India,  France,  Germany,  and  Sweden. 

The  Hollis  family  of  London,  earnest  Baptists, 
were  such  generous  friends  of  education,  that  down 
to  1735  they  gave  more  than  "£6000  currency  of 
Massachusetts"  to  Harvard  College,  then  a  Congre- 
gational institution,  that  New  England  might  have 
literary  advantages.  We  had  no  American  Bap- 
tist colleges  in  that  day  to  receive  such  benefac- 
tions. 

In  establishing  and  sustaining  institutions  of 
learning,  and  in  extending  general  education 
throughout  our  entire  coi^ntry,  no  denomination 
occupies  a  more  honored  place  than  the  Baptists. 

Leavitt,  Rev.  Samuel  K,,  was  born  at  Levant, 
Me.,  June  23, 1830;  graduated  atXlolby  University 
in  1855  ;  after  graduation  taught  in  the  literary 
and  scientific  institution  at  New  London,  N.  H., 
in  the  high  school  at  Ilolyoke,  Mass.,  and  at  Halli- 
well.  Me.  In  1857  removed  to  Evansville,  Ind., 
where  lie  studied  law  and  remained  in  the  legal 
profession  until  the  spring  of  1870,  with  an  inter- 
ruption of  three  years'  service  in  the  army  as  cap- 
tain in  the  G5th  Regiment  of  Ind.  Inf  Vols.  AVas 
converted  in  college  in  1852,  and  Iniptized  at  Iloly- 
oke in  1855  by  Rev.  James  French.  In  the  spring 
of  1872  was  ordained  to  the  work  of  the  ministry 
at  Evansville,  Ind.  Has  had  only  two  pastorates, 
the  first  at  Keokuk,  Iowa,  and  the  second  at  First 
church,  Cincinnati,  0.,  from  Deccmlier,  1872,  to  the 
|)rescnt  time.  He  is  an  carne.st,  thorough-going 
iiiiiii,  and  he  is  profoundly  interested  in  the  reform- 
atory as  well  as  the  religious  movements  of  the 
day. 


Lecompte,  Eev.  Edwin  Augustus,  was  born 

in  Boston,  Sept.  14,  1835.  He  was  religiously 
trained  at  home,  and  in  the  Sunday-school  of  the 
Charles  Street  Baptist  church,  under  the  ministra- 
tions of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Sharp.  Having  gone  through 
the  course  of  study  pursued  in  the  excellent  schools 
of  his  native  city,  he  decided  to  devote  himself  to 
business.  When  but  fifteen  years  of  age  he  was 
hopefully  converted,  and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  A. 
H.  Burlingham,  then  pastor  of  the  Harvard  Street 
church,  Boston.  His  attention  w:is  now  turned  to 
the  Christian  ministry,  and  in  order  to  fit  himself 
for  ills  chosen  work  he  pursued  his  preparatory 
studies  in  part  at  the  Middleborough  Academy, 
under  the  tuition  of  Prof.  J.  AV.  P.  Jenks.  and 
graduated  with  honor  at  Harvard  University  in  the 
class  of  1862.  "  His  subsequent  work  proved  that 
his  intellectual  as  well  as  moral  culture  was  broad 
and  thorough."  He  was  oi'dained  as  pastor  of  the 
Fourth  Street  church,  in  South  Boston,  July  30, 
1862.  For  seven  years  he  labored  successfully  with 
this  church,  and  then  accepted  a  call  to  the  pas- 
torate 'of  the  First  Baptist  church,  in  Syracuse, 
N.  Y.,  where  he  remained  until  1864,  when  he  was 
called  back  to  his  native  State  and  became  pastor 
of  tiie  Worthen  Street  church,  Lowell,  Mass.  Here 
for  fifteen  years  he  "  made  full  proof  of  his  minis- 
try," and  his  work  was  respected  in  the  commu- 
nity in  which  he  lived,  inasmuch  as  he  brought  to 
the  discharge  of  his  duties  a  well-cultivated  intel- 
lect and  a  warm,  gentle,  and  guileless  heart.  ''lie 
was  one  of  those  men  for  whom  we  are  never 
called  on  to  explain  or  apologize."  He  died  March 
2,  1880,  not  having  quite  reached  the  forty-fifth 
year  of  his'  age. 


LEE 


681 


LEE 


Lee,  Rev.  David,  was  born  in  Johnston  Co., 
N.  C,  Feb.  4,  ISO.').  With  his  fatlier,  Joel  Lee,  and 
family,  he  removed  to  Ahibama  and  settled  in 
Conecuh  County  in  1817.  David  Lee  was  happily 
converted,  aud  in  November,  1827,  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  Alex.  Travis,  and  the  next  year  began  to  ex- 
hort sinners  to  repentance.  Was  ordained  in  1833 
by  llevs.  David  PoeI)los  and  Alexander  Watson. 
Has  l)een  pa.stor  of  Hopewell  church,  at  Mount 
Willing,  ever  since  he  entered  the  ministry,  and 
from  time  to  time  of  other  chui'clies.  Has  attended 
every  meeting,  save  one,  of  the  Alabama  Associa- 
tion since  1833,  atid  has  been  moderator  of  that 
body  for  about  thirty-five  years,  and  is  one  of  the 
best  presiding  officers  in  the  State.  All  his  life  as 
a  man  and  a  minister  he  has  exerted  a  commanding 
influence  in  that  large  and  powerful  Association. 
Has  written  extensively  and  ably  for  our  religious 
papers;  has  ever  been  in  good  worldly  circum- 
stances. 

Lee,  Franklin,  Esq.,  was  bom  in  Xuw  Jersey 
in  1787  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Second  Baptist 
church,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  for  more  than  fifty  years. 


FKANKI.IN     I.EE,    ESQ. 

and  for  about  thirty  years  an  honored  deacon.  He 
was  treasurer  of  the  Philadelphia  Baptist  Associa- 
tion for  many  years.  lie  was  a  representative  from 
Philadeli)liia  in  the  Pennsylvania  Legislature,  and 
he  held  other  pul)lic  positions  of  importance  in 
times  when  such  offices  sought  the  men  to  fill  them. 
In  his  own  church  he  was  familiarly  known  as 
"  Father  Lee,"  and  every  member  of  it  felt  a  special 
interest  in  him.  lie  was  known  and  venerated  by 
44 


the  whole  denomination  in  Eastern  Pennsylvania; 
he  held  a  high  place  in  the  regards  of  all  the 
leading  citizens  of  Philadelphia  among  whom 
he  mingled  in  business  pursuits  and  in  patriotic 
cflbrts. 

His  doctrinal  sentiments  accorded  with  those 
proclaimed  by  Dr.  Gill  and  taught  by  inspired 
Paul ;  he  was  deeply  devotional  in  his  religious 
exercises,  a  generous  friend  of  missions  at  home 
and  abroad,  and  a  liberal  contributor  to  the  neces- 
sities of  the  poor.  While  broad  in  his  charities, 
Mr.  Lee  was  a  strong  Baptist,  and  no  struggling 
community  of  his  denomination  ever  vainly  ap- 
pealed to  him.  For  years  before  his  death  his  ordi- 
nary gifts  to  the  poor  and  the  cause  of  Christ  were 
about  two  thousand  dollars  annually. 

Intimately  conversant  with  God's  Word,  of  which 
he  was  a  diligent  and  intelligent  student,  he  was 
strengthened  by  its  doctrines  and  its  promises,  and 
led  a  life  marked  by  unspotted  purity.  His  hope 
was  unusually  bright ;  he  often  ([uoted  the  words 
of  the  poet  to  express  his  experience, — 

"  Jlorc  liappy,  but  not  more  secure, 
The  glorilied  spiiits  in  lieaven." 

He  entered  the  eternal  inherit.ance  Dec.  13,  18G1, 
mourned  by  throngs  in  whose  hearts  he  will  ever 
live,  and  from  whose  memories  the  records  of  his 
worth  can  never  1)0  obliterated. 

Lee,  Rev.  Hanson,  distinguished  as  an  edu- 
cator, preacher,  and  editor,  was  born  in  North 
Carolina,  but  reared  in  Alabama,  where  he  received 
a  fine  classical  education,  and  afterward  graduated 
at  the  Southwestern  Theological  Seminary,  Marys- 
ville,  Tenn.  After  several  successful  pastorates  in 
Alabama,  he  became  president  of  Mossy  Creek 
College,  Eastern  Tennessee.  In  1854  he  came  to 
Mount  Lebanon,  La.,  where  he  founded  the  Loui- 
siana Baptist,  which  took  rank  among  the  best 
Southern  religious  journals.  In  connection  with 
his  intelligent  wife  he  also  founded  Mount  Lebanon 
Female  College.     He  died  May  7,  1862. 

Lee,  Rev.  Jason,  son  of  Kev.  Joseph  Lee,  of 
Long  Island,  N.  Y.,  was  ordained  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  East  Lyme,  Conn.,  in  1774, 
and  with  great  honor  sustained  this  relation  till 
his  death,  which  occurred  in  1810,  in  the  seventieth 
year  of  his  age.  and  the  thirty-sixth  of  his  pas- 
torate. 

Lee,  Rev.  Jesse,  was  born  in  Alabama  in  1803  ; 
became  a  j)reacher  in  1837.  He  removed  to  Caddo 
Parish,  La.,  in  1847.  Through  his  labors  the 
Shreveport  church  was  greatly  strengthened,  and 
a  large  church  built  up  at  Summer  Grove,  of  which 
he  was  pastor  more  than  twenty  years.  He  died 
Oct.  9,  1872. 

Lee,  Rev.  S,  C,  pastor  at  Farmcrsvillc,  La., 
and  editor  of  the  Baptist  Messenger,  was  born  in 
Alabama  in  182C  ;  has  served  several  churches  in 


LEIGH 


682 


LELAND 


Concord  Association,  La.,  and  has  been  often  elected 
moderator  of  that  body.  He  conceived  the  idea  of 
establishing  the  Concord  Institute,  and  as  agent 
secured  in  a  few  months  an  endowment  of  $14,000. 

Leigh,  Hon.  John  T.,  is  descended  from  Revo- 
lutionary stock.  He  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in 
1821.  At  twelve  years  of  age  he  went  into  a  store 
at  New  Brunswick  as  clerk.  In  1844  he  began 
business  at  Clinton,  N.  J.,  and  has  risen  to  a  promi- 
nent place  among  business  men  in  the  community. 
He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Clinton  National 
Bank,  has  been  twice  mayor,  and  he  has  been  a 
member  of  the  Legislature.  He  is  a  deacon  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Clinton. 

Leland,  Rev.  Aaron,  lieutenant-governor  of 
Vermont,  was  born  in  Holliston,  Mass.,  May  28, 
1761.  He  became  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  Bellingham,  Mass.,  in  1785,  and  soon  after  was 
licensed  by  that  church  to  preach.  He  removed  to 
Chester,  Vt.,  where,  in  1789,  a  small  church  of  only 
ten  members  was  formed,  of  which  he  took  the  pas- 
toral charge.  In  ten  years  "the  church  had  grown 
so  large,  in  consequence  of  a  great  revival  which 
spread  through  that  section,  that  it  became  neces- 
sary to  divide  it,  and  four  churches  were  set  off 
from  the  parent  stock. 

Mr.  Leland  did  not  confine  his  ministerial  labors 
to  his  own  vicinity,  but  went  out,  as  our  fathers  in 
the  ministry  were  wont  to  do,  into  the  surrounding 
districts,  making  disciples  and  then  gathering  them 
into  Christian  churches.  "It  was  not  uncommon  for 
him  during  the  early  years  of  his  ministry  to  go 
from  fourteen  to  twenty  miles  through  the  wilder- 
ness to  attend  a  funeral." 

Mr.  Leland,  from  his  known  intelligence,  and  be- 
cause in  his  political  sentiments  he  harmonized 
•with  the  people  o'f  the  district  in  which  he  lived, 
was  often  called  upon  to  act  in  civil  affairs.  For 
nine  years  he  was  representative  in  the  General 
Assembly.  He  was  speaker  of  the  liouse  for  three 
years,  and  one  of  the  governor's  council  for  four 
years.  For  five  yeai's  he  was  lieutenant-governor 
of  the  State,  a  part  of  the  time  being  associated  with 
Eev.  Ezra  Butler,  who  was  governor.  Probably 
this  is  the  only  instance  in  the  history  of  the 
country  where  two  Baptist  ministers  occupied  to- 
gether the  two  highest  posts  of  honor  within  the 
gift  of  their  fellow-citizens,  as  officers  of  a  State 
government.  For  eighteen  years  he  was  one  of  the 
assistant  justices  of  the  County  Court.  He  was 
proposed  as  a  candidate  for  governor  in  1828,  but 
feeling  that  he  must  separate  himself  too  much  from 
the  work  of  the  ministry  if  he  accepted  the  position, 
he  declined  to  run  for  the  office.  AVe  are  told  that 
"  he  had  high  qualifications  for  a  popular  and  ef- 
.fective  preacher.  He  had  a  noble  form  ;  a  mind 
of  a  powerful  cast,  that  perceived  quickly  and 
composed   easily  ;   a  voice   of  vast   compass,'  but 


smooth  and  mellow ;  great  facility  of  utterance, 
und  great  fervor  of  spirit ;  clear,  but  impassioned, 
he  would  carry  with  him  the  multitude  irresist- 
ibly." With  such  traits  of  character,  and  ready  to 
enlist  heartily  in  any  and  eveuy  good  cause,  it  is  no 
wonder  that  he  wielded  an  extensive  influence 
throughout  the  State  of  Vermont.  "  He  had  great 
influence  among  his  brethren,  and  commanded 
their  high  respect,  as  was  evident  from  their  al- 
most uniformly  making  him  the  moderator  of  their 
meetings.  He  was  a  wise  and  safe  counselor,  al- 
ways bringing  to  his  aid  the  best  light  he  was  able 
to  command,  and  forming  his  judgment  with  a  dis- 
creet reference  to  all  the  circumstances  of  the  case." 
He  was  one  of  the  Fellows  of  Middlebury  College, 
and  received  from  that  institution  in  1814,  and  from 
Brown  University  in  1815,  the  honorary  degree  of 
Master  of  Arts.     He  died  Aug.  25,  1^33. 

Leland,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Grafton,  Mass., 
May  14,  1754.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  passed 
through  an  experience  not  unlike  that    of  John 


KEV.  JOHN     l.El.AND. 

Bunyan,  coming  out  gradually  into  the  liberty  of 
the  gospel.  "Within  a  month  after  his  conversion, 
in  June,  1774,  he  made  his  first  attempt  at  public 
speaking.  Having  connected  himself  with  the 
church  in  Mount  Poney,  Culpeper  Co.,  Va.,  he  was 
ordained  by  the  choice  of  the  church.  He  preached 
from  place  to  place,  everywhere  proclaiming  "  the 
unsearchable  riches  of  Christ."  Wonderful  revi- 
vals everywhere  followed  the  labors  of  Mr.  Leland 
in  Virginia.  Hundreds  came  under  the  power 
of  converting' grace,  and  professed- their  faith  in 


LELAND 


683 


LEMEN 


Christ.  The  summary  of  his  labors  during  the 
fifteen  years  of  his  ministry  in  Virginia  is  thus  re- 
corded,— 3009  sermons  preached,  700  persons  bap- 
tized, and  two  hiri:;e  churches  formed,  one  of 
300  members,  and  another  of  200. 

Having  fiiiislied  the  work  which  he  thougiit 
Ills  Master  liad  given  him  to  do  in  Virginia, 
.Mr.  Leiand  returned  to  his  native  State,  and 
made  his  home  for  the  most  of  the  remainder 
of  his  life  in  Cheshire,  Mass.  Here,  and  in  % 
the  region  about,  the  same  power  and  the 
same  success  followed  his  ministry.  He  re-  "^ 
ports  the  whole  number  of  persons  whom  he 
had  baptized  down  to  1821  as  1352.  "Some 
of  them,"  he  says,  "have  been  men  of  wealth 
and  rank,  and  ladies  of  quality,  but  the  chief 
part  have  been  in  the  middle  and  lower  grades 
of  life.  Ten  or  twelve  of  them  have  engaged 
to  preach."  Missionary  tours  were  made  in 
almost  every  direction,  and  multitudes  crowded 
to  hear  him.  The  story  of  the  "  mammoth 
cheese"  sent  by  the  people  of  Cheshire  to 
President  Jefferson  belongs  to  this  period. 
He  was  the  bearer  of  the  gift  to  Washington. 
"Mr.  Jefferson,"  remarks  Rev.  J.  T.  Smith, 
"  treated  him  with  much  deference,  among  other 
things  taking  him  into  the  Senate  chamber."  Year 
after  year  he  went  on  doing  that  special  work  to 
which  he  believed  the  Lord  had  called  him.  "  From 
seventy  to  beyond  eighty  years  of  age  he  j)robably 
averaged  more  sermons  a  week  than  most  settled 
pastors."  And  it  is  interesting  to  have  the  follow- 
ing recorded  of  him  by  one  who  could  speak  intel- 
ligently about  him,  "  The  large  attendance  on  his 
preaching  was  as  creditable  to  the  hearers  as  to  the 
preacher.  A  sensational  preacher  he  was  not,  nor 
51  mere  bundle  of  eccentricities.  The  discrimina- 
ting and  thoughtful  listened  to  him  with  the  most 
interest  and  attention."  He  was  evidently  "a  born 
preacher."  The  life  of  a  settled  pastor  would  have 
been  irksome  to  him.  He  wanted  freedom  from  all 
restraint,  and  to  do  his  own  work  at  his  own  time 
and  in  his  own  way.  In  politics  he  was  a  Democrat 
of  the  Jeffersonian  school,  a  hater  of  all  oppression, 
whether  civil  or  ecclesiastical.  His  warmest  sym- 
pathies went  out  to  his  Baptist  brethren  in  their 
efforts  to  secure  a  complete  divorce  of  the  Church 
from  the  State.  Everywhere  he  pleaded  with  all  the 
energy  of  his  soul  for  civil  and  religious  liberty, 
and  he  had  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  it  at  last  come 
out  of  the  conflict  victorious  over  all  foes.  Among 
the  class  of  ministers  whom  God  raised  up  during 
the  last  century  to  do  the  special  work  which  it 
was  given  the  Baptist  denomination  to  perform, 
John  Leiand  occupies  a  conspicuous  place.  We 
doubt  if  his  equal  will  ever  be  seen  again.  ^Ir. 
Leiand  died  Jan.  14.  1S41. 

Leiand  University,  located  at  New  Orleans, 


La.,  was  founded  by  the  munificence  of  Holbrook 
Chamberlain,  under  the  direction  of  the  Homo 
Mission  Society.     It  is  devoted  to  the  education 


LET.AND    UNIVERSITY,    NEW   ORLEANS,   LA. 

of  freodmen.  Mr.  Chamberlain  first  gave  $12,500 
to  found  it,  and  the  amount  was  duplicated  by 
contributors  to  the  society.  He  then  gave  i?5000 
more  towards  the  buildings.  He  and  his  wife  not 
only  donated  money  to  this  noble  object,  but  lent 
also  their  hearty  personal  efforts.  This  school  has 
now  been  in  successful  operation  several  years, 
and  has  the  warm  sympathy  of  the  Baptists  of  the 
city,  and  indeed  of  the  Southwest.  It  is  an  im- 
portant factor  in  the  evangelization  of  the  freed- 
men  of  the  South. 

Lemen,  Rev.  James,  was  born  in  Berkeley  Co., 
Va.,  in  171)0.  In  early  life  he  was  one  of  those 
who  went  North  from  Virginia  with  Gen.  Wash- 
ington, and  was  in  some  of  the  noted  actions  of  the 
war  of  the  Revolution.  Returning  to  Virginia  he 
settled  near  Wheeling,  but  in  1786  removed  to  Illi- 
nois, being  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  that  re- 
gion of  then  almost  unbroken  wilderness.  He 
went  down  the  Ohio  River  in  a  flat-boat,  with  hia 
family,  and  after  much  exposure  and  disaster  ar- 
rived at  length,  though  with  a  loss  of  all  his  house- 
hold goods,  which  the  river  in  the  wrecking  of  his 
boat  had  swallowed  up.  His  first  home  in  Illinois 
was  near  Kaskaskia,  at  New  Design,  on  the  road 
from  Kaskaskia  to  St.  Louis.  For  many  years  his 
house  was  a  stopping-place  for  travelers  between  the 
two  places,  and  they  were  always  entertained  with 
Western  hospitality.  Under  the  preaching  of  Rev. 
James  Smith,  the  first  evangelical  minister  to  visit 
Illinois,  Mr.  Lemen  experienced  conversion  in  17''^7, 
but  did  not  make  a  profession  of  his  faith  in  bap- 
tism until  1794,  when  with  his  wife  and  two  others 


LEMEN 


684 


LENOX 


he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Josiah  Dodge.  This  was 
the  first  instance  of  the  administrp.tion  of  baptism 
in  what  is  now  the  State  of  Illinois.  Two  years 
later  Mr.  Leinen  and  his  wife  united  with  a  few 
others  in  forming  the  first  Christian  church  in 
Illinois,  their  minister  being  Rev.  David  Badgley. 
The  Baptists  thus  led  the  way  in  the  work  of  estab- 
lishing churches  in  the  great  Prairie  State.  Even 
before  Mr.  Lemen  had  experienced  conversion  he 
had  been  one  of  a  small  company  who  met  together 
on  the  Lord's  day  to  read  the  Scriptures,  with  a 
sermon  whenever  one  could  be  procured.  After  his 
conversion  he  was  able  to  accompany  these  exer- 
cises with  prayer.  Finally,  in  1808,  he  was  li- 
censed to  preach,  being  now  nearly  fifty  years  of 
age.  From  that  time  until  his  death  he  was  an  ac- 
tive, zealous,  and  useful  minister  of  the  gospel, 
associating  this  with  otiier  public  duties,  such  as, 
for  some  years,  justice  of  the  peace,  and  also  as  one 
of  the  judges  of  the  County  Court.  He  died  Jan.  8, 
1823,  aged  sixty-two.  His  son,  James  Lemen,  Jr., 
who  was  in  the  ministry  before  him  and  assisted  at 
his  ordination,  also  preached  his  funeral  sermon. 

Lemen,  Rev.  James,  Jr.,  third  son  of  the  fore- 
going, was  born  at  New  Design,  111.,  Oct.  8,  1787. 
Converted  at  the  age  of  twenty,  he  immediately 
began  preaching,  even  before  h«  had  united  with 
any  church.  Joining  the  church  at  New  Design, 
he  Avas  by  that  church  ordained,  and  he  continued 
in  the  duties  of  an  active  ministry  in  various  parts 
of  Southern  Illinois  for  more  than  sixty  years.  He 
took  an  active  part  also  in  public  affairs;  was 
during  sixteen  years  a  member  of  the  Legislature, 
both  as  representative  and  as  senator.  An  election 
to  the  U.  S.  Senatorship  was  offered  him  but  de- 
clined.    He  died  Feb.  8,  1870,  aged  eighty-two. 

Lemen,  James  H.,  was  one  of  the  family  of 
Lemens  who  came  into  Illinois  among  its  earliest 
settlers.  He  died  in  O'Fallon,  Madison  Co.,  Sept. 
12,  1872,  at  the  age  of  srxty-five.  ^  He  had  been 
a  member  of  Bethel  church  since  the  age  of 
twelve,  was  for  many  years  clerk  of  the  chui'ch, 
and  for  twenty  years  clerk  of  the  South  District 
Association. 

Lemen,  Rev.  Joseph,  was  the  second  son  of 

James  Lemen,  Sr.,  and  was  born  near  Harper's 
Ferry,  Va..  Sept.  8,  1785.  He  was  only  nine 
months  old  when  his  parents  removed  to  Illinois. 
He  was  converted  at  a  camp-meeting  near  Ed- 
wardsville.  111.,  conducted  by  the  Methodist  bishop, 
McKendree,  and  by  two  Baptist  ministers, — 
"Father  Clai-k"  and  James  Lemen,  Sr.  He  was 
ordained  Feb.  4,  1810,  and  was  an  active  and  use- 
ful minister  for  fifty-one  years.  He  died  June  2S, 
1861,  at  the  age  of  seventy-five. 

Lemen,  Rev.  Josiah,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1794, 
at  New  Design,  111.  lie  was  the  sixth  child  of 
James   Lemen,    Sr.      He   also,    like   his  brothers 


Joseph,  Moses,  and  James,  became  a  minister  of 
the  gospel.  He  was  baptized  May  2,  1819,  by  Rev. 
John  Clark,  known  in  the  former  history  of  Illinois 
as  "Father  Clai-k,"  and  united  with 'the  Canton, 
now  Bethel  church,  near  the  place  of  his  birth. 
He  died  July  11,  1N62,  aged  seventj'-two. 

Lemen,  Rev.  Moses,  was  the  youngest  son  of 

James  Lemen,  Sr.,  and  he  was  born  at  the  Illinois 
home  of  that  remarkable  family,  Sept.  3,  1797.* 
Though  converted  at  ten  years  of  age,  he  did  not 
unite  with  the  church  until  liis  twenty-second  year. 
He  was  then  baptized  by  "  Father  Clark."'  He  and 
his  brother  -Josiah  were  both  baptized  and  ordained 
at  the  same  time,  their  ordination  occurring  3Iarch 
24,  1822.  Moses  Lemen,  during  thirty-six  years, 
was  one  of  the  most  laborious  and  useful  ministers 
in  Illinois.  He  died  March  5,  1859,  aged  sixty- 
one.  , 

Lemen,  Rev.  Sylvester,  was  also  of  the  famous 

Lemen  family,  of  Illinois,  and  he  was  for  many 
years  a  member  of  the  Bethel  church.  He  died  at 
Belleville,  111.,  Sept.  28, 1872,  at  the  age  of  fifty-six. 
He  was,  during  some  thirty-five  years,  one  of  the 
active  and  useful  members  of  the  South  District 
Association. 

Lennon,  Rev.  Haynes,  was  born  Dec.  15, 1816 ; 

was  deeply  impressed  with  a  desire  to  seek  the 
Saviour  at  four  years  of  age,  but  did  not  join  a 
church  till  twentj'-three ;  was  baptized  by  Rev. 
Wm.  Ayers,  in  June,  1839:  began  to  preach  in 
May,  1841,  and  was  ordained  in  March,  1842,  Rev. 
Wm.  Ayei's  and  Rev.  Dwight  Hayes  forming  the 
Presbytery.  He  has  been  the  pastor  of  the  Antioch 
church,  in  Robinson  County,  N.  C,  for  thirty-eight 
years,  and  of  several  others  nearly  as  long.  He 
was  moderator  of  the  Cape  Fear  Association,  the 
second  largest  in  the  State,  from  1850  to  1878,  with 
the  exception  of  the  sessions  of  1864  and  1865,. 
when  he  was  absent  on  account  of  sickness.  In 
1870  he  became  general  superintendent  of  missions 
in  his  Association,  and  has  been  eminently  useful  in 
developing  a  missionai'y  spirit  among  the  churches. 
He  is  still  an  active  and  effective  minister. 

Lenox,  Judge  David  T.,  whose  parents  were 
Scotch  iNIethodists,  was  born  at  Catskill,  N.  Y.,  in 
1801.  lit;  was  baptized  at  Rushville,  111.,  in  1832, 
with  his  wife  (Miss  Louisa  Swan,  of  Lexington, 
Ky.).  He  organized  and  superintended  two  Sun- 
day-schools ;  he  removed  to  Missouri  in  1840 ; 
joined  the  Todd's  Creek  church  :  was  clerk  of  the 
church  and  Association  until  1843,  when  he  re- 
moved to  Oregon,  and  located  on  the  Tualatin 
Plains;  found  five  other  Baptists  in  the  wilderness, 
invited  them  to  his  house  and  there  organized  the 
"West  Union  church,  the  first  Baptist  church  west 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  In  1852  he  spent  .?1500 
of  his  own  money,  and  raised  S1200,  to  build  a 
church  edifice. .    lie  was  deacon  of  tlie  church.     He 


LEONARD 


685 


LESLIE 


was  district  judge  and  judge  of  Proltate  Court 
many  years.  In  ISod  he  removed  to  AVeston, 
Eastern  Oregon,  where  he  closed  a  useful  and 
consecrated  life,  Nov.  4,  1873. 

Leonard,  Rev.  George,  was  born  in  Kaynham, 
Mass.,  Aug.  17,  1802.  lie  entered  Brown  Univcr- 
fiity  and  graduated  in  1824.  lie  studied  subse- 
quently at  the  Newton  Theological  Institution,  and 
was  one  of  the  first  students  who  graduated  from 
that  seat  of  sacred  learning.  He  was  ordained 
pastor  of  the  Second  Bapti.st  church  in  Salem, 
Mass.,  in  August,  lSl2t),  whore  he  labored  until 
compelled  to  resign  on  account  of  ill  health.  On 
the  4th  of  July,  1830,  he  began  his  ministry  as 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Portland,  Me. 
Again  his  health  failed.  He  gave  up  all  ministerial 
work,  and  died  at  last,  Aug.  11,  18.'>1,  in  Worcester, 
Mass.  If  Mr.  Leonard  had  been  blessed  with  good 
health,  and  had  lived  longer,  it  may  1)e  safely  jire- 
dicted  that  he  would  have  taken  a  high  place  ainong 
the  ablest  ministers  of  bis  denomination.  Both  the 
churches  he  served  revere  his  memory. 

Leonard,  Judge  John,  was  born  in  Knox  Co., 
O.,  Aug.  20,  ]S2").  Ii(!  attended  Denison  Univer- 
.sity,  at  (Jranvillo,  0.  On  leaving  college  he  located 
in  Morrow  County,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-three 
was  elected  county  surveyor.  While  holding  this 
office  he  devoted  his  spare  time  entirely  to  the  study 
of  law,  and  in  1852  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
Wooster,  AVayne  Co.,  O.  In  the  summer  of  18.53 
lie  came  to  Iowa,  and  settled  at  AVintcrset,  where 
he  opened  a  law-office,  and  gradually  built  up  an 
extensive  practice.  In  1862  he  was  elected  district 
attorney,  but  resigned  in  18tJ4.  In  January,  1874, 
he  entered  upon  his  duties  as  judge  of  the  Fifth  Ju- 
dicial District,  to  which  he  bad  been  recently  elected, 
and  in  which  he  continued  to  serve  till  the  expira- 
tion of  his  term  of  office.  He  is  an  earnest  and 
studious  reader,  especially  in  the  line  of  his  pro- 
fession, and  has  one  of  the  best  libraries  of  any 
lawyer  in  Southwestern  Iowa.  He  has  long  been 
a  member  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  he  is  exem- 
plary and  faithful  in  his  life  and  church  relations. 
He  still  resides  in  Winterset,  where  his  home  has 
been  for  more  than  twenty-seven  years.  His  eldest 
son,  Byram  Leonard,  an  attorney  of  much  promise, 
a  man  of  sterling  Christian  worth,  and  an  earnest 
worker  in  the  Baptist  church  of  which  ho  was  a 
valued  n\enil)er,  died  in  1879,  in  bis  early  manhood, 
and  in  the  midst  of  a  useful  life. 

Leonard,  L.  G.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Monson, 
Ma.ss.,  Jan.  6,  1810  ;  graduated  at  Newton  in  1836  ; 
the  same  year  became  pastor  of  the  church  in 
AVebster,  Mass..  where  be  remained  nearly  seven 
years.  After  two  short  pastorates  in  Thompson 
and  New  London,  Conn.,  he  took  charge,  in  1848, 
of  the  Market  Street  church.  Zanesville,  O.  From 
1855  to  1863  was  pastor  at  Marietta,  0.,  where  he 


was  the  means  not  only  of  greatly  strengthening 
the  home  church,  but  was  instrumental  in  forming 
several  new  churches  in  the  surrounding  country. 
In  1863  he  took  charge  of  the  cliurcli  at  Lebanon, 
O.,  remaining  until  1872,  when  he  J)ecame  pastor 
of  the  church  at  Bucyros,  a  position  whicli  be  still 
holds. 

Dr.  Leonard  has  been  closely  identified  witii 
Baptist  interests  in  Ohio.  For  thirty  years  he  has 
been  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Denison 
Univ(^rsity.  His  pastorates  have  been  long  and 
fruitful.  A  wise  counselor  and  a  faithful  toiler  for 
Christ,  he  has  received  during  his  many  years  of 
service  the  highest  esteem  and  afi'ection. 

Leslie,  Gov.  Preston  H.,  was  bom  in  Clinton 
Co.,  Ky.,  March  8,  1819,  and  was  educated  in  the 
schools  of  his  vicinity  until  the  age  of  sixteen. 
Upon  leaving  school  he  spent  a  portion  of  his  time 


GOV.  I'RESTON    H.  LESLIE. 

upon  a  farm  near  Louisville.  At  the  age  of  eighteen 
he  accepted  a  position  in  a  store  in  Clinton  County, 
and  shortly  afterwards  entered  the  county  clerk's 
office  as  a  deputy.  After  this  he  attended  a  school 
of  higher  grade,  and  applied  himself  to  study  with 
great  diligence,  committing  to  memory  the  whole 
of  a  text-book  on  logic  within  a  few  weeks.  AVbcn 
he  left  this  school  he  entered  the  law-office  of  Gen. 
Rice  Maxey,  since  Judge  Maxey,  of  Texas,  and 
father  of  United  States  Senator  S.  B.  Maxey,  of 
that  State.  In  1841  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar. 
AVhile  a  law-student,  or  just  before  he  began  the 
stiidy  of  law,  he  professed  religion  and  joined  a 
Baptist  church,  and  from  that  time  made  the  Bible 


LESLIE 


686 


LETTERS 


his  study  and  his  guide.  When  he  commenced  the 
practice  of  law  he  formed  a  resolijtion  not  to  advo- 
cate knowinglj'  an  unjust  cause  for  any  considera- 
tion, and  he  determined  never  to  neglect  his  duty 
to  God  for  any  worldly  advantage  however  great. 
On'  these  principles  he  hegan  the  business  of  life, 
and  it  is  helieved  that  he  has  adhered  to  them  with 
unyielding  tenacity.  His  success  was  assured  from 
the  beginning.  From  1842  until  1853  his  residence 
was  upon  a  farm  on  Cumberland  River,  in  Jackson 
Co.,  Tenn.  Here  he  divided  his  time  between 
farming  and  his  profession.  A  few  years  later  he 
removed  to  Glasgow,  Ky.,  where  he  now  resides. 
He  was  first  elected  to  the  Legislature  from  Monroe 
County  in  1844,  and  was  re-elected  in  1850.  He 
represented  Barren  and  Monroe  Counties  in  the 
State  Senate  from  1851  to  1855,  and  again  in  1867, 
occupying  the  speaker's  chair  in  the  Senate  in 
1869.  On  the  resignation  of  Gov.  Stevenson  he 
became  governor  ex-qfficio  until'  the  expiration  of 
the  term,  in  1871.  During  that  year  he  was  elected 
governor  by  the  extraordinary  majority  of  37,156. 
In  the  discharge  of  his  duties  as  chief  magistrate 
he  attained  a  national  reputation  for  diligence, 
wisdom,  and  integrity.  At  the  close  of  his  term, 
in  1875,  he  returned  to  his  home  in  Glasgow  and 
resumed  his  legal  practice.  Gov.  Leslie  is  as  faith- 
ful to  his  church  as  to  the  State,  and  he  allows 
nothing  but  Providential  circumstances  to  detain 
him  from  public  worship  or  to  prevent  him  from 
taking  an  active  part  in  the  business  of  his  church. 
He  superintended  the  Sunday-school  at  the  Baptist 
church  in  Frankfort  while  he  was  governor,  and 
•was  frequently  moderator  of  the  Genei-al  Asso- 
ciation of  the  Baptists.  The  State  and  the  Church 
alike  are  justly  proud  of  this  pure  statesman  and 
devoted  Christian. 

Leslie,  Rev.  Eobert,  was  bom  in  Edinburgh, 
Scotland,  in  1838,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  the 
United  States  in  1851,  stopping  at  Chicago,  HI., 
but  su))sequent]y  locating  at  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 
In  1856  the  family  again  removed  to  the  AVest,  es- 
tablishing their  home  this  time  at  Clinton,  Iowa. 
According  to  the  old  established  rule  among  the 
Scotch  Presbyterians,  the  parents  of  Mr.  Leslie 
designed  him  for  the  ministry,  and  while  yet  quite 
young  he  attended  for  some  time  the  Rev.  Dr.  An- 
drew Thompson's  school  in  Edinburgh.  The  con- 
version of  his  parents  to  Baptist  views,  and  their 
removal  to  the  United  States,  somewhat  modified 
and  changed  these  early  purposes  and  also  inter- 
rupted his  education.  Converted  at  the  age  of 
si.xteen,  ho  made  a  profession  of  religion  in  1854, 
and  united  with  the  Baptist  cliurch  in  Clinton, 
Iowa.  After  his  union  with  the  church  lie  prose- 
cuted, in  connection  with  his  father,  the  business 
■  of  architect  and  builder.  During  a  number  of 
years  he  had  a  painful  conflict  with  his  convictions 


with  reference  to  the  Christian  ministry,  which 
finally  culminated  in  his  happy  and  entire  conse- 
cration to  that  work.  He  was  educated  at  the 
University  of  Chicago,  graduating  in  the  class  of 
1869,  and  at  the  Chicago  Theological  Seminary, 
graduating  in  1870.  He  was  ordained  Oct.  12, 1870, 
as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Anamosa,  Iowa. 
He  was  subsequently  settled  at  Joliet,  III.,  and  in 
Waverly,  Iowa.  He  took  charge  of  the  Baptisl 
church  in  Waukesha,  AVis.,  Aug.  1,  1879,  where  he 
is  now  the  highly  esteemed  and  useful  pastor  of 
the  church  of  which  Dr.  Robert  Boyd  was  pastor 
emeritus  until  his  death.  Thoroughly  educated, 
fully  consecrated  to  the  work  of  the  ministry,  sound 
in  his  views  of  truth,  and  the  pastor  of  one  of  the 
best  churches  in  Wisconsin,  Mr.  Leslie  has  before 
him  a  bright  and  most  promising  future. 

Lester,  James  S.,  was  born  in  Virginia ;  is  now 
over  eighty  years  old  ;  was  a  soldier  against  the  In- 
dians and  Mexicans  in  Texas  in  1842 ;  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  convention  and  signed  the  declaration  of 
independence  of  Texas,  March  2,  1836  ;  has  been  a 
consistent  Baptist  all  his  life  :  a  trustee  of  and 
liberal  contributor  to  the  endowment  of  Baylor 
University  ;  joined  the  Baptist  church  in  Texas  at 
an  earlj'  age,  and  lives  now  among  his  old  friends 
in  the  enjoyment  of  their  warm  regard.  He  is  one 
of  the  remarkable  men  of  Texas. 

Letters  of  Dismission  are  granted  to  members 
to  unite  with  other  churches  of  the  same  faith  and 
gospel  order.  A  letter  of  dismission  is  only  a  rec- 
ommendation to  the  brother  in  whose  favor  it  is 
granted.  No  church  is  obliged  to  receive  it  or  him. 
It  is  found  by  experience  that  a  letter  should  always 
be  addressed  to  a  particular  church.  General  letters 
are  unfavorable  to  permanent  church  relations.  The 
letter  is  wisely  limited  in  time,  expiring  in  three, 
six,  or  twelve  months.  Until  the  acceeptance  of  the 
letter  by  another  church  the  person  in  whose  favor 
it  has  been  issued  retains  his  membership  in  the 
church  granting  it  unless  a  by-law  provides  other- 
wise. Authority  to  unite  with  another  church  ceases 
when  the  date  of  limitation  in  the  letter  is  passed. 
According  to  Baptist  usage  the  applicant  for  a  letter 
should  pay  his  church  dues,  if  he  is  able,  before  he 
receives  it.  After  receiving  his  letter  of  dismission, 
if  he  changes  his  mind  about  uniting  with  another 
community,  he  should  return  the  letter  to  the 
church  or  its  clerk.  While  retaining  the  letter,  and 
before  its  date  of  limitation  is  reached,  though  still 
a  member  of  the  church,  he  should  not  vote  at 
church  meetings  or  take  any  part  in  the  regular 
business  of  the  church. 

Every  Baptist  has  a  right  to  obtain  a  letter  to 
unite  with  a  regular  Baptist  church  unless  there  is 
a  charge  against  him.  And  this  privilege,  it  is 
believed,  would  be  sustained  by  the  civil  courts. 
And  for  the  sajme  reason,  if  a  member  is  excluded 


L EVERETT 


687 


LEVERING 


from  a  church  contrary  to  its  by-hiws,  or,  if  it  has 
none,  against  the  usages  of  the  denomination,  the 
courts  would  order  his  restoration.  An  English 
authority  recently  makes  the  following  statement 
on  til  is  question  :  "  The  courts  say  to  a  church,  chapel, 
company,  club,  or  partnership.  Make  what  contract 
you  please,  hut  when  the  agreement  is  made  we  will 
see  that  it  is  kept."  There  is  no  reason  to  doubt 
but  that  this  is  the  law  in  every  State  of  the  Union 
for  every  association,  secular  and  religious,  legally 
holding  real  estate.  When  a  member  asks  for  a 
letter,  and  there  is  no  accusation  against  him  before 
the  disciplinary  committee  or  the  church,  unles.s 
some  grave  breach  of  duty  has  been  committed  no 
charge  should  be  brought  then.  Baptist  usage  re- 
quires the  clerk  of  a  church  receiving  a  letter  to 
notify  the  church  granting  it  that  the  brother  com- 
mended by  it  has  been  received  into  fellowship. 
Regular  Baptist  churches  do  not  grant  letters  of 
dismission  to  Pedobaptist  religious  communities. 
Neither  do  they  receive  letters  from  these  bodies 
except  as  testimonials. 

Form  of  a  Letter  of  Dismission. 
The  Baptist  church  of  to   the  Baptist 

church  of 

Dear  Bretuken : 

This  is  to  certify  that is  a  meml)cr  with 

us  in  good  standing  and  full  fellowship  ;  and  at  his 
own  request  he  is  hereby  dismissed  from  us  to 
unite  with  you.  When  received  by  you  his  con- 
nection with  us  will  cease. 

By  order  of  the  church. 

■,  Chitrch  Clerk. 

This  letter  will  be  valid  for  six  months. 

Leverett,  Prof.  Warren,  was  born  Dec.  19, 
IcSUo  ;  he  and  his  twin-brother.  Prof.  AVashington 
Leverett,  are  sons  of  AVilliam  and  Lydia  (Fuller*) 
Leverett,  of  Brookline,  Mass.  At  the  age  of  fourteen 
the  two  brothers  went  to  live  with  Samuel  Griggs, 
Esq.,  a  brother  of  Mrs.  Leverett's  second  husband, 
a  farmer  residing  in  Rutland,  Vt.  Here  they  re- 
mained until  they  reached  their  majority.  In  the 
mean  time  they  had  experienced  conversion,  and 
leaving  the  home  in  Vermont  that  they  might  pur- 
sue study  under  the  direction  of  their  eldest  brother. 
Rev.  William  Leverett,  of  Rosbury,  they  united 
with  the  Baptist  church  in  Cambridgeport.  Sep- 
tember, 1828,  they  entered  Brown  University, 
graduating  in  1832.  For  a  time  the  brothers  were 
separated,  Washington  becoming  one  of  the  faculty 
of  Columbian  College,  Washington,  D.  C,  and 
Warren  being  compelled  by  broken  health  to  travel, 
though  engaged  occasionally  in  teaching.  He  re- 
moved to  the  AVest  and  opened  a  school  in  Green- 
ville, 111,  and  successfully  carried  it  on  for  a  year 
and  a  half,  when  he  removed  to  Upper  Alton,  be- 
coming connected  with  Shurtleff  College,  and  re- 


maining in  that  service  until  18G8.  He  died  at 
Upper  Alton  in  November,  1872.  Prof.  Leverett's 
department  in  Shurtleff  College  was  that  of  ancient 
languages,  in  which  studies  he  was  a  thorough,  pro- 
ficient, and  an  admirable  instructor.  AVhile  a  mem- 
ber of  the  church  in  Cambridgeport  he  was  licensed 
as  a  preacher,  and  frequently  during  his  life  offi- 
ciated as  siicli  witli  much  ae('e[)taiu;e. 

Leverett,  Washington,  LL.D.— Some  account 

of  the  early  life  of  Washington  Leverett,  professor 
in  Shurtleff  College  during  so  many  years,  is  given 
in  connection  with  the  notice  of  his  twin-brother. 
Prof.  Warren  Leverett.  AVashington  Leverett, 
after  two  years  spent  as  teacher  in  Brown  Univer- 
sity, and  in  Columbian  College,  AVashington,  D.  C, 
entered  at  Newton,  where  he  graduated  in  1836. 
Receiving  at  that  time  a  call  to  the  chair  of  Mathe- 
matics and  Natural  Philosophy  in  Shurtleff  Col 
lege,  he  accepted  it,  and  removing  to  Illinois  en- 
tered at  once  upon  his  duties.  This  post  of  service 
he  continued  to  fill  with  marked  acceptance  for 
thirty-two  years,  resigning  it  in  1868.  Since  that 
date  he  has  continued  his  connection  with  the  col- 
lege as  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees,  and  as 
librarian  and  treasurer.  It  is  justly  written  of  him 
that  "  as  a  teacher  ho  was  eminently  successful,  and 
possessed  a  thoroughness  of  scholarship  and  real 
worth  that  never  failed  to  command  the  respect  of 
his  pupils,  and  which  has  endeared  him  to  a  large 
circle  of  warm  frii^nds." 

Levering,  Judge  Charles,  associate  judge  of 
the  Circuit  Court  of  Allen  Co.,  0.,  was  a  lineal  de- 
scendant of  AV'igard  Levering,  one  of  the  pioneer 
settlers  of  Roxborough,  in  Philadelphia  County, 
who  emigrated  to  this  country  from  Geruiany  in 
1685. 

He  was  born  in  Roxborough  township,  Dec.  8, 
1782. 

Mr.  Levering  received  the  common  rudiments 
of  an  English  education  at  the  district  school  of  his 
native  place. 

In  1805  he  indulged  a  hope  in  Christ,  ond  was 
1)aptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Roxborough 
Baptist  church,  of  which  ho  was  elected  deacon 
March  24,  1821. 

On  Sept.  24,  1812,  he  was  married  to  Esther 
Levering,  eldest  daughter  of  Deacon  Anthony 
Levering,  of  Roxborough,  a  most  estimable  Chris- 
tian wife  and  mother. 

;Mr.  Levering  was  a  patriot,  and  during  the  war 
of  1812-14,  although  he  was  major  of  a  regiment, 
yet  when  he  found  his  command  was  not  to  he 
ordered  into  active  service  until  after  six  months, 
he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  Roxborough  A'olun- 
teers,  of  which  company  he  subsequently  became 
captain. 

In  1822  he  removed  into  the  district  of  South- 
wark,  and  united  with  the   Third  church  ;  subse- 


LEVERING 


688 


LEVERING 


quently  he  joined  tlie  Second  church,  during  the 
p.astorate  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  J.  Kiitts. 

In   1835,  Mr.  Levering  removed  to  Allen,  novr 
Auglaize  Co.,  0.,  soon  after  vrhich  he  was  appointed 


JUDGE    CHARLES    LEVERING. 

associate  judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  for  that  county, 
■which  position  he  held  for  several  years. 

He  was  active  in  everything  pertaining  to  the 
success  of  our  denomination.  He  was  a  constitu- 
ent member  and  deacon  of  the  Amanda  and  Wa- 
paukoneta  churches,  and  held  the  office  of  deacon 
in  the  latter  until  his  death,  which  occurred  March 
14,  1860.  His  remains  lie  in  a  country  church- 
yard, on  the  State  road,  about  five  miles  north  of 
Wapaukoneta,  the  county  seat  of  Auglaize  Co.,  0. 

Levering',  Eugene,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Baltimore, 
Md.,  April  24,  1819.  He  traced  his  fiimily  for  seven 
generations  to  Rosier  Levering,  born  pi'obably  in 
France  about  1600,  who  fled  to  Holland  or  Gei'- 
many  on  account  of  religious  persecutions,  and 
married  Elizabeth  Van  De  Walle,  of  Wesel,  West- 
phalia. They  had  two  sons, — Wigard  and  Gehard. 
The  former,  Eugene's  ancestor,  was  born  at  Gamen, 
Westphalia,  about  1648,  and  married,  in  1671, 
Magdalene  Bcikcr.  In  1685.  accompanied  by  his 
wife  and  their  four  children,  he  camo  to  America 
and  settled  at  Germantown,  Pa.  In  1692  he 
removed  to  Roxborough,  Avhere  he  bought  500 
acres  of  land.  AVigard  and  his  wife  had  ten  chil- 
dren. Their  son  AVilliam,  of  the  third  generation, 
was  born  at  Mulheim,  in  Germany,  May  4,  1677, 
and  came  to  America  with  his  parents.  He  died 
in   1746,  leaving  five   children.     Tlie   eldest,'  Wil- 


liam, of  the  fourth  generation,  was  born  at  Rox- 
borough, August,  1705.  He  married.  May  2, 1732, 
Hannah  Clement.  He  built  the  first  hotel  at  Rox- 
borough, now  known  as  the  "  Leverington,"'  which 
he  carried  on  together  with  blacksmithing  and 
farming,  his  farm  embracing  250  acres.  He  died 
March  30,  1774.  The  first  school-house  in  Rox- 
borough was  built  through  his  exertions,  and  he 
gave  the  ground  for  it  in  1748.  It  is  now  called ' 
"The  Levering  Primary  School."  William  and 
Hannah  had  nine  children,  one  of  whom.  Enoch, 
of  the  fifth  generation,  was  Ijorn  in  Roxborough, 
Feb.  21, 1742.  After  conducting  his  large  tannery 
there  for  many  years,  he  removed  to  Baltimore, 
Md.,  between  the  years  1773  and  1775.  Here  he 
entered  extensively  into  the  grocery  business.  He 
married  Mary  Righter,  and  died  aged  fifty-four. 
They  had  nine  sons.  Peter  was  the  first-born. 
Enoch's  brother,  Nathan,  born  in  Roxborough,  May 
19,  1745,  gave  the  lot  on  which  the  Roxborough 
Baptist  church  is  built,  and  superintended  its  erec- 
tion. This  church,  of  which  he  was  a  constituent 
member,  met  at  his  residence  prior  to  the  erection 
of  their  house  of  worship.  He  also  gave  the  ground 
for  their  cemetery.  He  was  father-in-law  to  II.  G. 
Jones,  D.D.,  son  of  Rev.  David  Jones,  A.M.,  a 
famous  Revolutionary  cha'plain.  Hon.  H.  G.  Jones, 
the  son  of  Dr.  Jones,  is  the  author  of  "  A  Genea- 


EUGEXE    LEVEUING,  SR. 

logical  Account'"  of  the  Levering  family,  from  which 
many  of  the  facts  of  this  article  are  taken.  Peter, 
of  the  sixth  generation,  was  born  in  Roxborough, 
Feb.  14.  1766,  and  removed  to  Baltimore  with  his 


LEVERING 


689 


LEVY 


parents,  where  lie  hccatno  enfjaged  in  the  shipping 
and  commission  business.  He  married.  May  22, 
1798,  Hannah,  only  daughter  of  William  Wilson, 
of  the  firm  of  William  Wilson  &  Sons,  one  of  the 
most  extensive  shipping-houses  of  Baltimore.  They 
both  were  meml)ers  of  the  First  Baptist  church. 
Mr.  Levering  united  with  it  late  in  life,  but  was  a 
prominent  member  of  the  congregation,  and  his 
house  was  headquarters  for  the  denomination.  He 
died  Dec.  7,  1843.  They  had  fourteen  children, 
Eugene  being  the  twelfth,  and  the  455th  descendant 
of  Rosier  Levering.  He  was  l)()rn  in  Baltimore, 
April  24,  1819.  After  spending  some  years  in 
preparation  in  private  schools  in  Baltimore,  he 
went  to  college,  but  his  health  compelled  him  to 
relinquish  his  intention.  At  an  early  age  he  was 
converted,  and  united  with  the  First  Baptist  church, 
of  which  he  became  a  most  useful  mcMiiber.  Sub- 
sequently he  became  a  valued  member  of  the  Sev- 
enth Baptist  church,  Richard  Fuller,  D.D.,  pastor, 
of  whom  he  was  an  intimate  friend.  He  was  for 
many  years  the  treasurer  of  the  Maryland  Baptist 
Union  Association.  He  married.  Oct.  4. 1842,  Ann, 
daughter  of  Joshua  and  Mary  E.  Walker,  of  Balti- 
more, and  a  descendant  of  Henry  Safer,  who  came 
from  England  in  1709,  and  through  whose  lil)crality 
and  efforts  the  first  Baptist  church  in  Maryland 
was  formed.  They  had  twelve  children,  nine  of 
whom  are  now  living.  In  1842  he  commenced 
business,  in  partnership  with  his  brother,  Frederick 
A.,  who  married  Martha  E.  -Johnson,  grandnicce 
of  the  first  governor  of  Maryland.  Levering  &  Co. 
soon  became  a  leading  house  in  their  business,  and 
not  only  established  for  themselves  an  enviable 
reputation,  but  also  added  much  to  the  prosperity 
of  Baltimore.  In  1861,  when  the  war  began,  owing 
to  their  extensive  trade  with  the  Soutiiern  States, 
where  they  were  unable  to  collect  their  debts,  they 
were  compelled  to  suspend  and  to  compromise  with 
all  their  creditors  for  fifty  cents  on  the  dollar.  But 
near  the  close  of  the  war,  so  successful  and  con- 
scientious were  they,  that  they  paid  the  entire  ob- 
ligation, from  which  they  had  been  legally  released, 
with  interest,  amounting  to  nearly  SIOO.OOO.  In 
1866,  upon  the  death  of  his  brother,  Eugene  took 
into  partnership  with  him  his  sons  William  T., 
Eugene,  and  Joshua.  The  house  took  a  position  at 
the  head  of  their  special  trade,  and  has  been  greatly 
instrumental  in  making  Baltimore  second  in  im- 
portance in  their  branch  of  business  in  the  United 
States.  Mr.  Levering  died,  after  an  illness  of  four 
months,  in  June,  1870.  He  left  S30,000  to  chari- 
table and  religious  objects.  lie  made  his  three 
sons  his  executors,  and  left  them  in  charge  of  the 
business.  The  present  firm,  composed  of  his  sons 
William  T.,  Eugene,  Joshua,  and  Leonidas,  suc- 
ceeded the  old  firm  in  January,  1875,  upon  the  set- 
tlement of  their  father's  estate.     It  is  the  largest 


house  in  their  business  in  Baltimore,  and  the  third 
or  fourth  in  the  United  States.  Eugene  is  presi- 
dent of  the  National  Bank  of  Commerce.  Following 
in  the  footsteps  of  their  fathers,  the  sons  are  living 
for  Christ,  being  active  in  church  and  denomina- 
tional matt(!rs,  and  being  also  among  the  largest 
contributors  to  the  cause  of  Christ  in  the  Baptist 
denomination  North  or  South.  Mr.  Levering's 
widow  survives  him.  She  and  lier  children — eight 
sons,  one  daughter,  and  four  daughters-in-law — are 
all  members  of  the  Eutaw  Place  Baptist  church. 
These  children  are  left  to  testify  by  their  worth  of 
character  and  their  noble  deeds  to  the  true  princi- 
ples and  exalted  reputatidii  of  their  parents. 

Levering,  Franklin,  was  bom  in  Baltimore, 
March  9,  ISll.  He  united  in  early  life  with  tiie 
First  Baptist  church  in  Baltimore;.  He  removed 
to  Clark  Co.,  Mo.,  and  united  with  Fox  River 
church,  and  organized  the  first  Sabbath-school  in 
the  county.  In  1843  he  located  at  Hannibal,  and 
entered  upon  mercantile  pursuits.  He  was  a  suc- 
cessful business  man,  and  a  zealous  Christian,  given 
to  hospitality.  His  house  was  the  home  of  visiting 
ministers.  He  united  with  the  church  in  Hannibal, 
and  was  clerk,  deacon,  and  Sabbath-school  super- 
intendent.   The  last  oflice  he  held  twenty-six  years. 

He  left  his  children  the  heritage  of  an  unblem- 
ished character,  and  was  held  in  the  highest  esteem 
as  a  citizen.  He  died  July  20,  1870,  and  was  deeply 
mourned  in  the  church  and  in  the  community.  His 
daily  life  exemplified  the  beauty  of  holiness.  When 
dying  he  was  asked  if  he  wanted  anything,  he 
shook  his  head  and  replied,  "Jesus  is  coming." 
When  asked  if  he  had  any  message  to  leave,  he 
said,  "  Live  holy  lives." 

Levy,  Edgar  Mortimer,  D.D.,  was  born  in  St. 
Mary's,  Ga.,  Nov.  23,  1S22;  was  converted  when 
thirteen  years  of  age,  and  united  with  the  Presby- 
terian Church.  After  pursuing  studies  for  two 
years  in  a  private  classical  school,  he  spent  three 
years  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  studied 
theology  under  the  late  Rev.  Albert  Barnes ;  was 
licensed  to  preach  in  1843;  became  deeply  inter- 
ested in  the  subject  of  baptism,  and  after  a  year  of 
prayerful  study,  was  baptized  April  14,  1844,  by 
Dr.  G.  B.  Ide,  of  Philadelphia.  In  the  autumn  of 
1 844  he  was  invited  to  supply  the  First  West  Phila- 
delphia church,  and  soon  after  became  pastor. 
After  fourteen  years  of  abundant  labor  he  accepted 
a  call  to  the  South  church,  Newark,  N.  J.,  where 
he  remained  ten  years.  In  1868  he  returned  to 
Philadelphia,  and  became  pastor  of  the  Berean 
church,  where  he  still  remains,  and  where  many 
have  been  gathered  into  the  church  under  his 
ministrations.  He  received  the  degree  of  D.D.,  in 
1865,  from  the  university  at  Lewisburg.  Dr.  Levy 
has  had  much  to  do  with  the  prosperity  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  West  Philadelphia. 


LEVY 


690 


LEWIS 


Levy,  Capt.  John  P.,  was  born  in  St.  Mary's, 
Ga.,  July  25,  18U9 ;  learned  the  .trade  of  ship- 
carpenter,  and  on  completing  his  apprenticeship 
shipped  as  a  sailor  on  a  Liverpool  packet ;  was  soon 
made  commander  of  the  vessel,  and  spent  a  number 
of  years  in  seafaring  life.  At  length  he  returned 
to  Philadelphia,  and  .  established  the  well-known 
ship-building  firm  of  Reaney,  Neafie  &  Levy,  which 
undertaking  was  attended  with  rapidly  increasing 
success.  In  the  spring  of  1855  he  was  baptized  by 
his  brother.  Rev.  E.  M.  Levy,  D.D.,  and  united 
with  the  First  church,  West  Philadelphia,  of  which 
his  brother  was  at  that  time  pastor.  He  subse- 
quently became  impressed  with  the  necessity  of  es- 
tablishing another  interest  in  this  rapidly  growing 
section  of  the  city,  and  united  with  others  in  organ- 


CAPT.  JOH.V    p.   LEW. 

izing  the  Berean  church.  The  beautiful  moeting- 
ho'use  of  this  church  was  secured  mainly  through  his 
munificent  benefactions,  and  was  dedicated  free  of  in- 
cumbrance June  22,  I860.  As  a  thank-offering  for 
continued  pi'osperity,  he  built  an  attractive  parson- 
age adjoining  the  sanctuarj',  and  conveyed  it  to  the 
church,  togetiier  with  an  annuity  of  §600.  Nor 
were  his  benefactions  confined  to  the  church  of 
which  he  was  a  member.  lie  was  a  man  full  of 
generous  impulses,  and  his  wealth  was  largely 
distributed.  IIo  died  at  Aiken,  S.  C  whither  he 
had  gone  to  recruit  his  fi^cblc  lioaltli.  Oee.  2().  1S()7. 

Lewis,  Rev.  Cadwallader,  LL.D.,  an  emincMit 

scholar,  and  one  of  the  most  eloquent  pulpit  orators 
of  the  South,  was  born  in  Spottsylvania  Co.,  Ya., 
Nov.  5,  1811.     He  was  educated  by  his  fathei-,  who 


conducted  a  classical  school  many  years  at  Llan- 
gollen, Va.,  but  finished  his  course  of  study,  which 
was  a  very  full  one,  at  the  University  of  Virginia. 
In  1831  he  went  to  Kentucky,  and  taught  school 
in  Covington.  The  following  year  he  took  charge 
of  the  preparatory  department  of  Georgetown  Col- 
lege. In  1844  he  commenced  the  study  of  medi- 
cine, but  his  health  failed,  and  he  located  on  a  farm 
in  Franklin  County,  where  he  has  lived  until  the* 
present  time.  During  the  same  j-ear  he  made  a 
profession  of  religion,  and  united  with  Buck  Run 
Baptist'  church,  near  his  home.  He  was  very 
soon  after  licensed  to  preach,  and  was  ordained  in 
1846.  He  was  invited  to  take  pastoral  charge  of 
the  Baptist  church  at  Frankfort,  but  his  health 
would  not  admit  of  his  leaving  his  farm.  He  took 
charge  of  country  and  village  churches  conveni- 
ent to  his  residence,  preaching  one  Sunday  in  the 
month  to  each,  and  has  thus  emploj'ed  himself  to 
the  p.resent  time,  except  when,  in  consequence  of  a 
crushed  limb,  he  was  unable  to  travel.  He  occupied 
the  chair  of  Theology  in  Georgetown  College  four 
years.  He  is  a  strong,  logical  writer,  and  exercises 
a  leading  influence  in  the  councils  of  the  denomi- 
nation in  his  State. 

Lewis,  Rev.  Charles^  Casson,  son  of  Horatio 

and  Betsey  Lewis,  was  born  in  vStonington,  Conn., 
June  8,  1807  ;  became  a  sea-captain  :  converted  in 
1842  under  the  preaching  of  Rev.  J.  S.  Swan  : 
joined  Third  Baptist  church  in  Grotou,  Conn. ; 
began  preaching  at  Key  AVest,  Fla.,  where  he 
planted  a  church  and  was  ordained ;  afterwards 
settled  with  the  following  churches  :  First  Groton, 
Conn. :  Lisbury,  Mass. ;  Second  Ilopkinton,  Exeter, 
North  Kingstown,  Block  Island,  and  Lattery  Vil- 
lage, R.J.  ;  and  Second  North  Stonington,  Conn. ; 
from  Block  Island  he  was  elected  to  the  senate  of 
Rhode  Island ;  was  a  man  of  fervor  and  power ; 
died  in  the  pastoral  office  with  the  Second  Baptist 
church  of  North  Stonington,  Conn..  ISIarch  10, 
1864,  in  his  fifty-seventh  year. 

Lewis,  Rev.  Daniel  D.,  was  bom  in  Barn- 
stable, Mass.,  July  21,  1777.  He  was  converted  in 
early  life,  and  joined  the  First  church  in  Portland, 
Me.,  then  composed  of  nine  members.  These  per- 
sons were  full  of  the  grace  of  Christ,  and  the  church 
soon  became  numerous  and  widely  influential. 

Mr.  Lewis  took  charge  of  the  church  at  Ipswich, 
Mass.,  on  first  entering  the  ministry.  He  was 
subsequently  pastor  of  the  Second  church  of  Prov- 
idence, R.  I.,  of  the  church  in  Fishkill,  N.  Y.,  in 
Frankford.  Pa.,  in  Wilmington,  Del.,  and  in  Pater- 
son  and  Piscatawa_v,  N.  J.  In  Pist^ataway  he  spent 
years  rich  in  divine  blessings,  and  from  it  he  en- 
tered the  "  general  assembly  and  church  of  the 
first-born,"'  Sept.  25,  1849.  He  delivered  his  last 
sermon  on  Sunday  evening,  and  died  on  the  follow- 
ing Tuesday.' 


LEWIS 


691 


LEWIS 


Mr.  Lewis  was  an  able  preacher,  full  of  the  Spirit 
and  Word  of  God,  and  a  successful  pastor  of  the 
chureiies  for  whose  welfare  ho  hihored.  He  healed 
church  wounds,  built  up  disciples  in  the  glorious 
doctrines  of  {^racc,  led  throngs  of  converts  to  Jesus, 
and  enjoyed  the  warm  affection  of  large  numbers. 
His  memory  is  precious  still  in  the  churches  for 
whose  eternal  interests  he  employed  his  time  and 
talents,  and  his  fervent  prayers. 

Lewis,  Rev.  Geo.  W.,  was  born  in  EUisburgh, 
Jefferson  Co.,  N.  Y.,  April  14,  IS'2'2,  where  he  was 
baptized  in  March,  1833;  ordained  in  Lowell,  Ind., 
Jan.  18,  1866;  labored  in  Indiana,  Illinois,  and 
Iowa ;  and  became  pastor  of  the  Aurora  Baptist 
church.  Neb.,  in  1878.  Mr.  Lewis  has  enjoyed  the 
divine  blessing  in  his  pastorates. 

Lewis,  Hon.  Henry  Clay,  of  Coldwater,  Mich., 
was  born  in  Orleans  Co.,  N.  Y.,  May  .'),  1820.  He 
has  resided  in  Coldwater  since  1844,  where  he  has 
been  engaged  in  business,  first  as  a  merchant  and 
afterwards  as  a  banker.  lie  is  president  of  the 
Coldwater  National  Hank,  and  has  been  mayor  of 
the  city.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Baptist 
Churcii  nearly  twenty  years.  He  is  chiefly  known 
as  the  owner  of  an  art-gallery,  which  he  founded 
in  1868,  which  is  open  to  the  public  without  charge. 
It  is  larger  than  any  other  art-gallery  on  this  con- 
tinent.    Mr.  Lewis  takes  great  pleasure  ill  affording 


HON.    IIKNRV    CI.AV     LEWIS. 


enjoyment  to  others,  and  has  made  his  gallerj',  in 
its  surroundings  as  well  as  in  itself,  beautiful  and 
attractive,  and  a  nmst  important  element  in  the 
educational  influences  of  the  city  of  Coldwater. 


Lewis,  Prof.  John  J.,  A.M.,  was  bom  in  Utica, 
N.  Y.,  Dec.  2.).  1S4:;.  of  Welsh  Congregational  par- 
entage ;  entered  the  grammar  school  of  Madison 
University  in  18')9;  entered  Madison  University, 
and  afterwards  Hamilton  College  (Clinton),  and 
was  there  graduated  in  1864  ;  Professor  of  Belies- 
Lettrcs  and  Elocution  in  Brooklyn  Collegiate  and 
Polytechnic  Institute  from  1864  to  1866.  In  the 
fall  of  1866  he  removed  to  Syracuse,  and  began 
preaching  in  a  small  mission  chapel;  was  settled 
March,  1867,  as  pastor  of  First  Baptist  church, 
Syracuse  ;  was  very  successful,  the  increase  in  six- 
teen months  being  over  140.  In  1868  he  became 
Professor  of  Bellcs-Lettres  in  Madison  University, 
which  position  he  still  retains,  to  the  great  satis- 
faction of  students,  alumni,  and  friends  of  the  in- 
stitution ;  has  contributed  largely  to  the  press, 
many  of  his  articles  being  founded  on  his  travels 
in  Japan,  Burniah,  India,  and  the  Orient. 

Lewis,  Rev.  John  W.,  one  of  the  most  distin- 
guished Baiitistministorsof  North  Georgia,  was  l)orn 
near  Spartanburg,  S.  C,  Feb.  1,  1801.  Educated 
at  a  classical  academy  near  Spartanburg,  he  studied 
and  practised  medicine  at  Greenville,  S.  C,  becom- 
ing a  skillful  and  popular  physician.  He  united 
with  the  Baptist  church  of  that  town.  During  the 
years  1830  and  1831  he  was  a  member  of  the  South 
Carolina  Legislature.  About  that  time  he  began 
to  preach,  and  was  ordained  in  1832.  He  removed 
to  Canton,  Ga.,  in  1839  or  1840,  becoming  pastor 
of  that  and  other  churches  in  Cherokee,  Ga.,  and 
acquiring  a  great  influence.  He  was  a  preacher  of 
much  force  and  energy  ;  a  strong  and  bold  defender 
of  the  foith  ;  an  able  expounder  of  the  Word,  and 
an  eloquent  advocate  of  the  truth.  A  man  of  fine 
practical  sense,  he  had  a  strong  mind,  and  was  a 
deep,  original  thinker.  He  had  a  benevolent  heart, 
and  was  steadfast  in  his  friendships.  He  had  ex- 
traorditiary  forecast,  and  managed  business  matters 
with  great  ability  and  success.  In  18.57  he  was 
appointed  superintendent  of  the  State  road  by  Gov. 
Brown,  and  his  management  was  eminently  suc- 
cessful. During  the  war  he  served  in  the  Congress 
of  the  Confederate  States,  as  Senator,  with  great 
ability,  and  previous  to  the  war  he  served  in 
the  State  senate,  and  was  instrumental  in  the  es- 
tablishment of  tlie  Supreme  Court  of  Georgia.  His 
character  stood  extraordinarily  high  in  Georgia. 
A  man  of  firm  faith,  deep  piety,  and  unabated  zeal, 
he  won  many  souls  to  Jesus.  After  a  life  of  great 
usefulness,  he  died  in  Cherokee  County,  in  June, 
186.5. 

Lewis,  Rev.  Lester,  was  born  in  SuffieKl. 
Conn.,  Oct.  !•'),  1>I7:  liaptized  by  Rev.  Henry 
Jackson,  D.D.,  and  united  with  First  Baptist  church 
in  Hartford,  Feb.  11,  1838;  studied  in  Connecticut 
Literary  Institution  ;  ordained  pastor  of  the  church 
in  Agawam,  Mass.,  Oct.  7,  1840;  in  ls46  began  to 


LEWIS  BURG 


69'2 


LEWISBURG 


labor  for  Connecticut  Baptist  State  Convention,  but 
soon  settled  with  the  church  in  B'ristol ;  in  1853 
became  pastor  of  the  church  in  Middletown,  where, 
after  great  success,  he  died,  Feb.  7,  1858;  large- 
hearted,  sound  in  the  faith,  a  clear  and  forcible 
preacher,  fervent  in  prayer,  and  beloved  by  all 
who  knew  him. 

Lewisburg,  Pa.,  the  University  at— In  the 

jear  1845,  some  intelligent  Baptists  of  the  North- 
umberland Association  saw  the  need  of  higher  edu- 
cation for  their  sons  and  daughters,  under  the 
religious  auspices  of  their  own  denomination. 
Their  perception  of  this  need  at  first  took  form  in 
a  plan  for  a  first-class  academy.  The  natural 
beauty,  healthfulness,  and  economic  advantages  of 
the  borough  of  Lewisburg,  in  Union  Co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna,  aijd  in  the 
geographical  centre  of  the  State,  determined  the 
location  of  the  school  in  that  village.  Through  the 
Rev.  Eugenio  Kincaid  and  the  Rev.  J.  E,  Bradley, 
Stephen  W.  Taylor,  who  had  recently  resigned  his 
professorship  in  Madison  iJniversity,  became  en- 
listed in  the  new  enterprise.  Under  the  principal- 
ship  of  Prof  Taylor,  assisted  by  his  son,  Alfred 
Taylor,  A.M.,  and  I.  N.  Loomis,  A.M.,  a  school 
was  opened  in  the  fall  of  1846  in  the  basement  of 
the  Baptist  church,  since  destroyed. 

Prof.  Taylor  combined  prophetic  insight  with 
the  powers  of  a  rare  teacher,  and  saw  in  the  new 
school  the  germ  of  a  university.  Others  approved 
the  project  of  founding  at  Lewisburg  such  an  in- 
stitution as  would  meet  the  higher  educational  de- 
mands of  the  whole  State.  A  charter  incorporating 
"  The  University  at  Lewisburg,  Pa.,"  was  approved 
on  the  5th  day  of  February,  1846,  with  the  follow- 
ing trustees:  James  Moore,  James  Moore,  Jr., 
Joseph  Meireell,  William  IL  Ludwig,  Samuel 
Wolfe,  Levi  B.  Christ,  Henry  Funk,  Joel  E.  Brad- 
ley, Eugenio  Kincaid,  Benjamin  ]5ear,  AVilliam 
W.  Keen,  William  Bucknell,  Thomas  Wattson, 
James  M.  Linnard,  Lewis  Vastine,  Oliver  Black- 
burn, Caleb  Lee,  Daniel  L.  Moore. 

It  was  provided  in  the  charter  that  ground  should 
be  purchased  and  buildings  erected  when  $100,000 
had  been  raised,  that  a  fourth  part  should  bo  per- 
manently invested  in  a  productive  form,  that  the 
property  should  not  be  mortgaged  or  debt  incurred 
under  any  pretext  whatever,  that  no  misnomer 
should  defeat  or  annul  a  grant  or  bequest,  and  that 
ten  acres  of  ground  with  improvements  should  be 
exempt  from  taxation.  The  management  was 
committed  to  two  boards:  1st,  a  board  of  trustees, 
not  to  exceed  twenty  members,  all  of  whom  must 
be  Baptists ;  and,  2d,  a  board  of  curators,  not  to 
exceed  forty  members,  the  majority  of  whom  must 
■  bo  Baptists.     Both  boards  are  self- perpetuating. 

Tiie  subscription  of  $100,000  was  declared  to  be  se- 
cured on  the  17th  day  of  July,  1849,  through  the  ef- 


forts of  I)rs.  Eugenio  Kincaid  and  William  Shadrach, 
who  ti-aversed  the  State  soliciting  funds.  Previous 
to  this  a  tract  of  land  to  the  south  of  the  borough  of 
Lewisburg,  including  a  fine  hill  of  nearly  a  hundred 
feet  elevation,  covered  with  -a  beautiful  natural 
grove,  and  commanding  extended  views  over  river 
and  valley,  had  been  secured  for  the  university.  In 
1848  an  academy  building  was  begun  and  nearly, 
completed.  In  January,  1849,  the  trustees  felt  justi- 
fied in  electing  professors  for  the  college,  and  in 
commencing  a  college  building.  Two  graduates 
of  Madison  University,  the  Rev.  G.  W.  Anderson, 
A.M.,  editor  of  the  Christian  Chronicle,  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  the  Rev.  G.  R.  Bliss,  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, N.  J.,  were  appointed,  respectively,  to  the 
chairs  of  Latin  and  Greek.  Both  soon  afterwards 
began  their  labors,  the  students  of  the  academy 
and  the  college,  consisting  of  both  sexes,  reciting 
together  in  the  academy  building,  Prof.  Taylor  still 
acting  as  principal. 

In  1851  the  west  wing  of  the  college  building 
was  completed,  and  the  college  students  moved  into 
dormitories  and  studies  regarded  at  the  time  as 
"unsurpassed  in  pleasantness  by  those  of  any  in- 
stitution." In  the  spring  of  this  year  Prof  Taylor 
resigned  his  position  touiccept  the  presidency  of 
Madison  University,  but  remained  to  preside  at  the 
first  Commencement,  August  20,  1851,  when  a  class 
of  seven  was  graduated  in  the  chapel  of  the  acad- 
emy. It  is  but  just  to  the  memorj'  of  this  good 
man  and  great  teacher  to  quote  the  words  of  a  co- 
worker who  knew  him  well:  "Without  him  it  is 
almost  certain  that  our  university  would  never  have 
existed,  and  existing  in  an  essential  measure  by  his 
agency,  it  is  well  for  us  that  that  agency  was  not 
only  earnest,  benevolent,  laborious,  and  pious,  but 
also  in  the  main  judicious  and  beneficial." 

The  Rev.  Howard  jMalcom,  D.D.,  of  Philadelphia, 
an  alumnus  of  Princeton,  and  ex-president  of 
Georgetown  College,  had  been  chosen  president  of 
the  university,  and  Charles  S.  James,  A.M.,  a 
graduate  of  Brown,  and  Alfred  Taylor,  A.M.,  a 
graduate  of  JNIadison,  were  added  to  the  faculty  of 
the  college,  the  former  as  Professor  of  ]Mathematics 
and  Natural  Philosophy,  and  the  latter  as  Professor 
of  Belles-Lettres.  AVith  these  additions  began  the 
collegiate  year  1851-52.  The  college  now  became 
a  distinct  department  of  the  university,  the  academy 
became  gradually  a  preparatory  school  for  boys 
only,  while,  in  1852,  the  ''  University  Female  In- 
stitute" became  a  separate  department.  A  theo- 
logical department  was  added  in  1855.  From  this 
point,  therefore,  we  may  consider  the  departments 
separately. 

THE   COLLEGE. 

Tiio  ]irosidoncy  of  Dr.  Malcom  continued  from 
1851  to  1857,  during  which  the  college  building  was 
completed,  consisting  of  a  main  bftilding  80  feet 


THE     INIXKRSITV     AT     I.KW  ll^lil  KU.     l'.\. 


LEWISBURG 


694 


LEWISBURG 


square,  of  three  stories,  for  recitation-rooms,  chapel, 
society  halls,  library,  cabinet,  and  Commencement 
Hall,  and  two  wings,  each  120  feet  long  and  35' feet 
wide,  of  four  stories,  for  students'  study-rooms  and 
dormitories.  In  1852  the  sum  of  §45,000  was  added 
to  the  funds  by  a  few  friends  without  a  general 
canvass.  About  $20,000  were  received  from  lands 
sold  from  the  original  campus,  leaving  finally  about 
twenty-six  acres  as  university  grounds. 

Thus  established,  the  college  began  a  work  of 
incalculable  value  to  the  intellectual  and  spiritual 
progress  of  the  denomination  in  Pennsylvania.  On 
the  resignation  of  President  Malcom,  in  1857,  the 
Rev.  Justin  R.  Loomis,  Ph.D.,  who  had  been  called 
from  Waterville,  Me.,  in  1854,  to  fill  the  chair 
of  Natural  Sciences,  succeeded  him  as  president. 
During  twenty-five  years  President  Loomis  devoted 
his  best  energies  to  the  work  of  building  up  the 
college,  and  establishing  the  youth  who  came  under 
his  moulding  hand  in  the  principles  of  a  deep 
Christian  philosophy.  The  invasion  of  Pennsyl- 
vania by  Lee's  army,  in  18'63,  caused  the  closing 
of  the  college  during  a  campaign  of  six  weeks, 
officers  and  students  uniting  to  form  Company  A 
of  the  28th  Regiment  of  Pa.-  Vols.  A  memorial 
tablet  in  Commencement  Hall  commemorates  the 
names  of  those  who  fell  in  the  war  for  the  Union. 
In  1864,  President  Loomis  increased  the  funds  of 
the  university  by  collecting  subscriptions  amounting 
to  $100,000.  In  1876  an  attempt  was  made  to  se- 
cure additional  endowment,  'but  owing  to  other 
interests  in  the  field  the  effort  was  abandoned  after 
about  $20,000  had  been  promised,  mostly  in  private 
subscriptions  offered  by  a  few  liberal  fi-iends. 

In  1879,  President  Loomis  resigned  the  presi- 
dency, and  Prof.  David  J.  Hill,  A.M.,  a  graduate 
of  the  college,  and  at  the  time  of  his  appointment 
Crozer  Professor  of  Rhetoric,  was  chosen  president 
of  the  university,  a  position  which  he  still  occupies. 

The  following  were  presidents  and  acting  presi- 
dents from  the  foundation  of  the  college  to  the 

year  1880 : 

PRESIDENTS. 
Elected.  Eesigned. 

1851.    Kev.  Howard  Malcom,  D.D.,  LL.D 1857 

1857.    Kev.  Justin  R.  Loomis,  Ph.D.,  LL.D 1879 

1879.    Kev.  David  J.  Hill,  A.M. 

ACTINO    PRESIDENTS. 
Stephen  W.  Taylor,  LL.D.,  prior  to  1851. 
Kev.  Geo.  R.  Bliss,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  during  1871-72. 
Kev.  Francis  W.  Tustin,  IMi.D.,  for  six  months  in  1879. 

The  university  has  an  endowment  of  $121,000, 
and  property  worth  $117,000,  and  an  effort  is  now 
started  by  which  its  endowment  is  certain  to  be 
greatly  increased.     The  institution  has  no  debts. 

The  college  is  now  in  possession  of  a  fine  library 
•of  nearly  10,000  volumes,  a  museum  of  about 
10,000  specimens  for  the  illustration  of  the  sciences, 
a  chemical  laboratory  and  ajiparatus.     There  are 


two  flourishing  literary  societies  with  libraries  of 
their  own.  They  publish  a  monthly  journal  called 
The  College  Herald.  There  is  also  a  "  Society  for 
Moral  and  Religious  Inquiry."  There  are  two 
prizes  for  preparation  for  college  and  one  for  ex- 
cellence in  oratory  in  the  Junior  year.  Tuition  is 
free  to  the  sons  of  ministers.  The  expenses  range 
from  $125  to  $250  per  annum. 

The  courses  of  study  have  expanded  greatly  since 
the  opening  of  the  college,  as  shown  in  compara- 
tive tables  published  in  "  A  Historical  Sketch  of 
the  University  at  Lewisburg,"  edited  by  0.  W. 
Spratt,  LL.B.,  in  1876,  and  printed  by  the  Society 
of  Alumni.  There  are  now  two  courses  leading  to 
a  degree  :  (1)  The  classical  course,  of  four  years, 
leading  to  the  degree  of  A.B.,  and  (2)  the  Latin 
scientific  course,  leading  to  the  degree  of  S.B.  Both 
courses  have  been  brought  up  to  th6  standard  of 
the  best  Eastern  colleges,  and  have  recently  given 
some  scope  to  the  optional  element.  Anglo-Saxon, 
American  literature,  comparative  zoology,  analyt- 
ical chemistry,  and  constitutional  law  have  been 
added  to  both  courses.  A  good  collection  of  en- 
gravings, heliotypes,  and  casts  has  stimulated  the 
study  of  the  fine  arts,  and  illustrated  lectures  are 
given  to  the  Senior  class.  Lectures  on  Grecian 
history,  life,  and  literature ;  Roman  history,  life, 
and  literature  ;  medireval  histoi-y  ;  English  history 
and  literature  ;  the  history  of  philosophy  ;  natural 
theology  ;  and  the  evidences  of  Christianity  are 
regularly  delivered.  The  introduction  of  a  short 
course  of  lectures  on  practical  ethics  and  In^giene 
for  the  Freshman  class  is  believed  to  be  distinctively 
peculiar  to  this  college.  The  government  is  thus 
based  on  ethical  ideas,  and  so  far  has  proved  that 
an  appeal  to  manhood  develops  it  and  secures  self- 
government. 

The  graduates  of  the  college  number  322.  Hon- 
orai'y  degrees  have  been  bestowed  as  follows : 
LL.D.,  12:  .D.D.,  36  ;  Ph.D.,  10;  A.M.,  52. 

Since  1851,  when  the  first  class  was  graduated, 
important  changes  bearing  upon  the  prosperity  of 
the  college  have  gradually  taken  place.  The  Phil- 
adelphia and  Erie  Railroad  runs  within  one  mile 
of  Lewisbjarg.  and  the  Lewisburg  and  Tyrone  Rail- 
road passes  through  it.  The  town  is  lighted  with 
gas,  and  contains  several  miles  of  well-paved  side- 
M'alks.  A  new  church  edifice,  costing  nearly 
$60,000,  has  been  built  by  the  Baptists.  The 
natural  beauty  of  the  place  has  been  enhanced  by 
these  improvements,  yet  it  remains  a  quiet,  moral, 
and  rural  retreat  admirably  adapted  to  the  seclusion 
which  thorough  study  demands  for  the  young. 

THE   INSTITUTE. 

This  department  of  the  university  began  its  sep- 
arate organization  as  a  school  in  1852,  under  the 
principalship  of  Miss  Hadassah  E.*  Scribner,  of 


LFAVISBURG 


695 


LIBERIA 


Maine,  who  retained  her  position  for  two  years. 
In  1854  two  young  ladies,  the  first  chiss  of  the  in- 
stitute, were  graduated.  At  this  time  all  the  teach- 
ers resigned,  and  Miss  Amanda  Taylor,  of  Easton, 
Pa.,  with  a  new  corps  of  assistants,  undertook  tiie 
work.  Strong  prejudices  existed  in  the  community 
against  the  liberal  education  of  women,  but  this 
was  gradually  overcome  by  persistent  effort,  and  in 
1858  fifteen  young  ladies  were  graduated  in  the 
presence  of  an  audience  of  1500  people.  Since 
then  classes  ranging  from  ten  to  twenty  have  been 
graduated  every  year.  In  1857  six  acres  of  a 
beautiful  grove  were  appropriated  for  a  suitable 
building  on  the  university  grounds.  The  building 
is  pleasantly  and  healthfully  located,  warmed  with 
furnaces,  and  lighted  with  gas,  and  it  will  accom- 
modate ninety  boarders.  In  1869  a  wing  was 
added,  at  the  cost  of  I?  10,000,  containing  rooms  for 
students  and  a  large  gymnasium,  which  has  been 
suitably  fitted  up. 

In  1863,  Miss  Taylor  resigned,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Miss  Lucy  W.  Rundell,  of  Aldcn,  N.  Y. 
She  continued  her  work  ably  until  1869,  when  she 
was  succeeded  by  Miss  Harriet  E.  Spratt,  daughter 
of  the  Rev.  Geo.  M.  Spratt,  D.D.,  and  a  graduate 
of  the  institute.  This  rare  Christian  woman  had 
already  spent  fourteen  years  in  the  school  as  a 
teacher.  She  continued  as  principal  until  the  Com- 
mencement of  1878.  A  few  months  later  she  ended 
a  career  of  extraordinary  usefulness  by  death, 
having  been  made  Emeritus  lady  principal  after 
her  resignation.  For  twenty-four  years  her  life 
was  devoted  to  the  successive  cl.asses  of  young 
women  that  passed  through  the  institute,  and  hun- 
dreds mourned  for  her  as  for  a  sister. 

In  1878,  Jonathan  Jones,  A.M.,  was  elected  prin- 
cipal, a  position  which  he  now  holds.  The  institute 
is  provided  with  an  able  corps  of  instructors,  who 
live  in  the  institute  building  and  make  it  a  school 
home.  There  are  five  courses  of  study,  ranging 
from  a  preparatory  English  course  to  a  full  classical 
collegiate  cour.se.  The  young  ladies  recite  in  their 
own  building,  apart  from  the  young  gentlemen,  but 
attend  the  lectures  of  the  college,  enjoy  the  use  of 
the  library  and  museum,  and  witness  the  experi- 
ments of  the  professor  of  natural  sciences.  There 
are  excellent  advantages  for  instruction  in  music, 
drawing,  crayoning,  and  painting.  The  graduates 
number  293. 

THE   ACADEMY. 

When,  in  1849,  the  college  emerged  into  a  dis- 
tinct department  of  the  university,  the  academy 
was  intrusted  to  the  princiiialship  of  Isaac  N. 
Loomis,  A.M.,  sharing  the  new  academy  building 
with  the  college.  This  arrangement  continued 
until  the  college  building  was  completed,  II.  D. 
Walker,  A.M.,  succeeding  Principal  Loomis  in 
1853,  and  George  Yeager,  A.M.,  following  in  1857. 


Isaac  C.  Wynn,  A.M.,  became  principal  in  1859, 
and  in  January,  1860,  the  academy  building  being 
used  then  solely  for  that  department,  it  was  fitted 
up  for  a  boarding-school  for  boys  and  young  men. 
Until  l8f')S  tlie  academy  embraced  the  classical  j)re- 
paratory  classes  of  the  university,  lint  in  that  year 
•■  The  Classical  Preparatory  Department"  was  or- 
ganized, with  Freeman  Loomis,  A.M.,  as  principal, 
the  academy  being  confined  to  English  branches 
only.  This  arrangement  continued,  the  English 
academy  liaving  in  the  mean  time  a  succession  of 
separate  principals,  until  1878,  when  th(!  depart- 
ments were  reunited  under  the  principalship  of 
William  E.  Martin,  A.M.  "The  Classical  Prepar- 
atory Department,'"  from  1868  to  1878,  was  estab- 
lished in  the  west  wing  of  the  college  building. 

The  academy,  as  reorganized  in  1S78,  is  a  thor- 
ough English  and  classical  school,  designed  to  f)re- 
pare  young  men  for  college,  for  business,  or  for 
teaching  in  the  common  .schools.  The  students 
have  access  to  the  college  library  and  reading-room. 
When  prepared  they  are  admitted  to  the  college 
upon  the  certificate  of  the  principal,  without  exam- 
ination. Special  attention  is  given  to  English  and 
commercial  branches.  Many  improvements  have 
been  made  in  the  building,  rendering  it  a  pleasant 
home  for  boys.  Students  of  small  means  are  al- 
lowed to  board  in  clubs,  which  reduces  their  ex- 
penses considerably. 

THE   THEOLOGICAL   DEPARTMENT. 

The  charter  of  the  university  permits  the  esta)> 
lishment  of  any  professional  school  by  the  corpo- 
ration. A  school  of  theology,  however,  is  the  only 
department  of  this  kind  so  far  attempted.  This 
was  opened  in  1855  under  the  charge  of  Thomas 
F.  Curtis,  D.D.,  and  continued  during  thirteen 
years.  On  the  resignation  of  Prof.  Curtis,  in  1865, 
the  school  was  reorganized,  with  Lemuel  Moss, 
D.D.,  as  Professor  of  Theology,  and  Lucius  E. 
Smith,  D.D.,  as  Professor  of  Sacred  Rhetoric  and 
Pastoral  Theology,  Geo.  R.  Bliss,  D.D.,  being  con- 
tinued as  Professor  of  Biblical  Interpretation.  In 
1868  the  department  was  removed  to  Upland,  Pa., 
and  reorganized  by  the  family  of  the  late  John  P. 
Crozer  as  "  The  Crozer  Theological  Seminary," 
under  a  new  corporation,  but  still  retaining  a  close 
connection  with  the  university  at  Lcwisburg,  whose 
graduates  supply  its  classes  in  a  large  measure. 
While  at  Lewisburg  the  department  enrolled  38 
graduates.  These  have  been  received  and  enrolled 
among  the  alumni  of  the  Crozer  Seminary. 

Liberia. — The  people  of  Liberia  are  of  the 
African  race,  by  the  way  of  the  United  States. 
They  are  very  enterprising,  and  there  is  reason  to 
believe  that  the  providence  of  God  designs  to  ac- 
complish great  spiritual  good  for  the  country  of 
their  fathers  through  their  instrumentality.    There 


LIBERTY 


696 


LIBERTY 


are  26  Baptist  churches  in  the  republic  with  a  mem- 
bership of  about  2000.  At  the  last  m(?eting  of  "  The 
Liberia  Baptist  Association,"  in  December,  1879, 
a  considerable  amount  of  prosperity  among  the 
churches  was  reported.  The  Providence  chui'ch  in 
Monrovia  had  received  5G  by  baptism,  the  Arthing- 
ton  church  24,  and  the-  First  church  in.Edina  39  ; 
275  baptisms  were  reported  for  the  year. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Liberia  Baptist 
Association  the  members  agreed  to  form  another 
Association  and  a  national  organization. 

Liberty,  American  Religious. — Mucli  has 
been  said  and  written  about  the  originator  of  our 
religious  freedom.  Some  have  zealously  claimed 
Lord  Baltimore  as  its  author.  This  nobleman  was 
a  Roman  Catholic,  and  on  that  account  a  large 
amount  of  very  clear  evidence  is  necessary  ^o  estab- 
lish his  right  to  this  honor.  He  was  a  talented 
man,  with  many  of  the  qualities,  of  a  statesman. 
He  knew  that  the  English  people  in  1633,  when 
his  first  settlers  left  their  country  for  the  New 
World,  would  never  tolerate  a  colony  in  the  British 
dominions  where  the  Protestant  religion  was  ex- 
cluded, and,  as  a  matter  of. absolute  necessity,  he 
had  to  permit  its  existence  ■  in  Maryland.  He 
deserved  no  credit  for  showing  common  sense. 
His  first  settlers  were  Catholics,  and  to  them  his 
colony  appealed  for  recruits;  and  nothing  in  the 
history  of  Maryland  shows  him  to  be  an  unselfish 
friend  of  religious  liberty.  He  simply  appears  as 
a  yielding  statesman  bending  to  the  necessities  of 
the  times. 

John  Leeds  Bozman's  "  History  of  Maryland" 
was  published  by  the  General  Assembly  of  that 
State  in  1837.  It  is  derived  largely  from  "  the 
written  memorials  which  then  existed  in  the  public 
archives  of  the  State,"  to  which  the  author  had  free 
access,  and  it  bears  the  authority  of  the  government 
of  Maryland.  In  1639,  Bozman  says,  "A  very 
short  bill  was  introduced  into  the  house  (the  Legis- 
lature), entitled  'An  act  for  church  liberties,'  and 
was  expressed  nearly  in  the  following  words : 
'//o/y  Church  within  this  province  shall  have  all 
her  rights,  liberties,  and  immunities  safe,  whole, 
and  inviolable  in  all  things.'  When  we  reflect  on 
the  original  causes  of  their  emigration  (the  col- 
onists of  Maryland),  we  cannot  but  suppose  that  it 
was  the  intention  of  those  in  whose  hands  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  province  was,  a  majority  of  whom 
were  without  doubt  Catholics,  as  well  as  much  the 
greater  number  of  the  colonists,  to  erect  a  hier- 
archy, with  an  ecclesiastical  jurisdiction  similar  to 
the  ancient  Church  of  England  beforeihe  Reforma- 
tion:'* "Holy  Church"  is  the  Catholic  Church, 
and  this  was  but  the  entering  wedge  of  a  Romish 
persecuting  religious  establishment. 


*  History  of  Maijliuul,  ii.  107-9. 


Another  bill  of  the  same  session  provided,  that 
"  Sating  flesh  in  time  of  Lent,  or  on  other  days, 
Wednesdays  excepted,  wherein  it  is  prohibited  by 
the  law  of  England,  without  case  of  infirmity,  to  be 
allowed  by  the  judge;  and  the, offender  shall  for- 
feit to  the  lord  proprietary  five  pounds  of  tobacco, 
or  one  shilling  sterling,  for  every  such  offence. "f 
This  is  liberty  of  conscience  at  the  expense  of  a 
shilling,  or  five  pounds  of  tobacco,  for  each  indul- 
gence in  such  freedom.  In  1640,  Bozman  says, 
'■  The  Jirsf  of  the  acts  passed  at  this  session,  entitled 
'  An  act  for  church  liberty,'  is  nearly  verbaiim  the 
same  as  the  first  section  of  the  second  act  of  the 
preceding  session;" J  that  is,  that  '"Holy  Church 
within  this  province  shall  have  all  her  rights,  liber- 
ties, and  immunities  safe,  whole,  and  inviolable  in 
all  things;"  and  the  Catholics  of  Maryland  would 
probably  have  given  force  to  their  la^\,  and  erected 
a  persecuting  popish  established  church  in  their 
colony,  if  they  had  not  heard  the  commencing 
thunder  that  roared  with  such  fury  a  little  later  at 
Marston  Moor  and  Naseby.  Their  church  act  was 
the  second  of  the  preceding  Legislature,  and  the 
first  of  this,  showing  their  great  earnestness  on  the 
subject. 

Cromwell  wrouojht  wonders  in  Enjrland ;  the 
Church  was  completely  overthrown,  Satan  was 
as  popular  in  Great  Britain  as  a  Catholic,  and 
Lord  Baltimore,  certain  to  lose  his  province  un- 
less he  suited  his  sails  to  the  fiei'ce  hurricane 
then  raging,  at  once  appointed  a  Protestant  gov- 
ernor (vStone)  instead  of  Gov.  Greene,  a  Catholic  ; 
he  also  appointed  a  Protestant  secretary  of  the 
province  and  a  Protestant  "majority  in  the  council. 
Bozman,  speaking  of  the  change,  says,  "  In  this 
measure  .of  his  lordship  we  discern  (he  commence- 
ment of  that  general  toleration  of  all  sects  of  re- 
ligion which  prevailed  under  the  early  provincial 
government  of  Maryland. "§  No  principle  of  tol- 
eration required  Baltimore  to  place  Protestants  at 
the  head  of  his  government.  He  certainly  did  not 
love  Protestantism  at  this  very  time,  for  he  required 
Gov.  Stone  to  take  the  following  as  a  part  of  his 
official  oath  :  "  And  I  do  further  swear  that  I  will 
not,  by  myself  nor  any  person  directly  or  indirectlj', 
trouble,  molest,  or  discountenance  any  person  what- 
soever in  the  said  province  professing  to  believe  in 
Jesus  Christ,  and  in  2>ni'fi<'iil(ir  no  Roman  Catholic 
for  or  in  respect  of  his  or  her  religion,  nor  in  his 
or  her  free  exercise  thereof  icithin  the  said  jorov- 
mcc."  II  A  councillor  had  to  take  the  same  oath. 
It  certainly  was  not  love  for  the  men  or  their  re- 
ligion that  led  Baltimore  to  make  his  new  appoint- 
ments. It  was  "  an  enlightened  measure  of  state 
policy"  to  save  his  province  from  Cromwell. 

With  this  change  in  the  rulers  of  Maryland  his 


t  Iiiom,  137. 
§  Idem,  336. 


J  Idem,  174. 

II  Idem,  04S,  note  Ixi. 


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lordship  proposed,  and  liis  Legislature  enacted,  a 
law  with  the  following  clauses  in  it :  "  Whatsoever* 
person  or  persons  within  this  province  and  the 
islands  tliereunto  belonginj^  shall  from  henceforth 
blaspheme  God,  tliat  is,  curse  him,  or  shall  deny 
our  Saviour  Jesus  Christ  to  be  the  Son  of  God,  or 
shall  deny  the  Holy  Trinity,  the  Father,  Son,  and 
Holy  Ghost,  or  the  Godhead  of  any  of  the  said  three 
persons  of  the  Trinity,  or  the  unity  of  the  Godhead, 
or  shall  use  or  utter  any  reproachful  speeches, 
words,  or  language  concerning  the  Holy  Trinity, 
or  any  of  the  said  three  persons  thereof,  sliall  1)6 
punished  with  death  and  ("onfiscation  or  forfeiture 
of  all  his  or  her  land  and  goods  to  the  lord  pro- 
prietary and  his  heirs.'  "Whatsoever  person  or 
persons  shall  from  henceforth  use  or  utter  any 
reproachful  words  or  speeches  concerning  the  blessed 
Viryin  Mary,  the  mother  of  our  Saviour,  or  the  holy 
apostles  or  evangelists,  or  any  of  them,  shall  in 
such  case  for  the  first  offence  forfeit  to  the  said  lord 
proprietary,  and  his  heirs  lords  proprietaries  of 
this  province,  the  sum  of  £>b  sterling,  or  the  value 
thereof,  to  be  levied  on  the  goods  and  chattels  of 
every  such  person  so  offending  ;  liut  in  case  such 
offender  or  offenders  shall  not  then  have  goods  and 
chattels  sufficient  for  the  satisfying  of  such  forfeit- 
ure, or  that  the  same  be  not  otherwise  speedily  satis- 
fied, then  such  offender  or  offenders  shall  be  publicly 
whipped,  and  be  imprisoned  during  the  pleasure  of 
the  lord  proprietary,  or  the  lieutenant  or  chief  gov- 
ernor of  this  province."  For  the  second  offense 
the  fine  is  £10,  or  a  2nil)lic  and  severe  whipping, 
and  imprisonment  as  for  the  first.  For  the  third 
offense,  the  forfeiture  of  all  lands  and  goods,  and 
expulsion  from  the  province.  A  subsequent  part  of 
the  same  law  says,  "  Except  as  in  the  act  is  before 
declared  and  set  forth,  no  person  or  persons  what- 
soever within  this  province,  or  the  islands,  ports, 
harbors,  creeks,  or  havens  thereunto  belonging, 
professing  to  believe  in  Jesus  Christ,  shall  from 
henceforth  be  anyways  troubled,  molested,  or  dis- 
countenanced for  or  in  respect  of  his  or  her  religion, 
nor  in  the  free  exercise  thereof  within  this  province, 
or  the  islands  tliereunto  belonging,  nor  any  way 
compelled  to  the  belief  or  exercise  of  any  other  re- 
ligion against  his  or  her  consent."  The  penalty 
for  breaking  this  enactment  is  "  treble  damages  to 
the  party  wronged,"  and  a  fine  of  20«. ;  and  in 
case  of  failure  to  pay  the  fine,  a  severe  public 
whipping,  and  imprisonment  at  the  pleasure  of 
the  proprietary  or  his  governor.  This  is  the  cele- 
.  brated  toleration  law  of  Lord  Baltimore  for  which 
his  liberality  has  been  lauded  extravagantly,  and 
for  which  Catholics  have  been  represented  as  the 
first  founders  of  religious  liberty  on  this  continent. 
The  act  was  passed  in  the  end  of  April,  1640,  and 
Charles  L  was  executed  three  months  before.     This 


*  Hi8tory  of  Maryland,  662, 663,  note. 


event,  and  the  motives  that  prompted  it,  and  the 
men  whom  they  governed,  account  wholly  for  Lord 
Baltimore's  liberality.  The  toleration  was  partial 
and  poor.  Those  who  denied  the  Trinity — all  Jews, 
Unitarians,  and  Arians — were  condemned  to  death. 
The  gallows  was  the  liberty  it  gave  them.  Respect 
for  the  Virgin  Mary  was  encouraged  l)y  fines  and 
whippings,  and,  in  obstinate  cases,  by  the  loss  of 
all  property,  and  by  exile.  There  was,  indeed, 
some  liberty  in  this  law,  accompanied  by  cruel 
and  wicked  limitations ;  and  for  this  liberty  no 
thanks  are  due  to  Lord  Baltimore  or  his  Maryland 
Catholics. 

Bozman,  in  another  workf  published  in  1811, 
truly  says,  "  In  most  of  the  States  the  penalties  of 
the  common  law  in  matters  of  religion  still  subsist. 
The  bloody  statutes  also  of  some  of  them  only  sleep. 
Not  being  repealed,  they  arc  liable  to  be  called  up 
into  action  at  any  moment  when  either  superstition 
or  fanaticism  shall  perceive  a  convenient  time  for 
it.  What  Jew,  Socinian,  or  Deist,  possessing  a 
sound  mind,  would  venture,  in  the  State  of  Maryland 
for  instance,  to  open  7iis  lips  in  defence  of  his  own 
religion?'^  Even  in  1811  the  statute  book  of  Mary- 
land contained  cruel,  persecuting  enactments  ;  and 
only  by  asserting  what  is  flagrantly  untrue  can  the 
Baptist  State  be  robbed  of  her  just  glory  to  bestow 
it  upon  the  founder  of  Maryland,  or  upon  his  colony. 

The  "  Colonial  Records  of  Rhode  Island"  were 
published  by  order  of  the  Legislature  in  1856,  and 
in  them  we  learn  that  Roger  Williams  landed  on 
the  site  of  Providence  in  the  month  of  May  or 
early  in  June,  1636,  and  that  he  and  his  friends 
on  their  "  first  coming  thither  did  make  an  order 
that  no  man  should  be  molested  for  his  conscience," 
even  though  he  was  an  Israelite,  a  Unitarian,  or 
an  infidel.  And  a  woman  had  her  religious  free- 
dom protected  by  the  same  law.  In  August,  1636, 
the  celebrated  compact  was  entered  into  and  signed 
at  Providence,  by  which  its  people  "subjected 
themselves  in  active  and  passive  obedience  to  all 
such  orders  or  agreements  as  shall  be  made  for 
public  good  of  the  body  in  an  orderlj'  way,  by  the 
major  consent  of  the  present  inhabitants,  masters 
of  families,  incorporated  together  in  a  Town  fel- 
lowship, and  others  whom  they  shall  admit  unto 
them,  in  civil  things  only.^'  No  laws  for  favoring 
or  prohibiting  any  form  of  religion  were  to  be  en- 
acted. On  the  21st  of  May,  1637,  Joshua  Verin 
was  sentenced  to  lose  the  right  of  voting  "  for  re- 
straining the  liberty  of  conscience"  of  his  wifi-.J 
On  the  27th  of  May,  1640,  among  certain  proposals 
agreed  upon  at  Providence  to  form  a  government, 
these  words  are  found :  "  We  agree,  as  formerly 


t  .\  Sketch  of  the  History  of  Marj-lHiiil,  during  the  Threw  First 
Years  after  its  Settlement,  p.  ^74.     Btiltimoro,  1»1 1. 

X  Colonial  Records  of  Rhode  Island,  printed  ty  order  of  the  Leg- 
islature, i.  13,  14,  16.    1856. 


45 


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698 


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have  been  the  liberties  of  the  town,  so  still,  to  hold 
forth  liberty  of  conscience."* 

The  first  charter  of  Rhode  Island  was  signed 
March  14,  1643,  and  adopted  in  the  colony  in  May, 
1647.  ■  Arnold,  in  liis  "  History  of  Rhode  Island," 
truly  says,  "  The  use  of  the  word  civil  is  every- 
where prefixed  (in  the  charter)  to  the  terms  '  gov- 
ernment' or  '  laws'  wherever  they  occur  ...  to 
restrict  the  operation  of  the  charter  to  purely  politi- 
cal concerns.  In  this  apparent  restriction  there  lay 
concealed  a  boon  of  freedom  such  as  man  had  never 
known  before.  They  (Rhode  Islanders)  held  them- 
selves accountable  to  God  alone  for  their  religious 
creed,  and  no  earthly  power  could  bestow  on  them 
aright  which  they  held  from  heaven.  .  .  .  At  their 
own  request  their  powers  were  limited  to  civil  mat- 
ife?-s."t  The  first  instrument  of  governmenj;  in  the 
world's  liistory  disavowing  all  right  to  make  laws 
for  or  against  religion,  and  thereby  giving  the 
widest  religious  liberty,  was  adopted  in  Rhode 
Island  two  years  before  Lord  Baltimore's  bigoted 
toleration  act  was  passed  in  Maryland.  After 
making  a  code  of  laws  for  the  civil  affairs  of  the 
colony  occur  these  striking  words :  "  These  ai-e  the 
laws  that  concern  all  men,  and  these  are  the  penal- 
ties for  the  transgression  th'ereof,  which  by  com- 
mon consent  are  ratified  thi-oughout  the  whole 
colony ;  and  otherwise  than  thus  what  is  herein 
forbidden  [non-religious  crimes  only),  all  men  may 
walk  as  their  consciences  persuade  them,  every  one 
in  the  name  of  his  God.  And  4et  the  saints  of  the 
Most  High  walk  in  this  colony,  without  molesta- 
tion, in  the  name  of  Jehovah  their  God,  for  ever 
and  ever,"  J  etc. 

Roger  Williams  gives  a  striking  view  of  liberty 
of  conscience  in  his  letter  to  the  town  of  Providence 
in  1654.  "  It  hath  fallen  out,"  says  he,  "  sometimes 
that  both  Papists  and  Protestants,  Jews  and  Turks, 
may  be  embarked  in  one  ship,  upon  which  sup- 
posal  I  affirm  that  all  the  liberty  of  conscience  that 
I  ever  pleaded  for  turns  upon  these  two  hinges: 
that  none  of  the  Papists, _  Protestants,  Jews  or 
Turks,  be  forced  to  come  to  the  ship's  prayers  or 
worship,  nor  compelled  from  their  own  particular 
prayers,  if  they  practise  any."§  In  the  charter  of 
1663,  inspired  by  their  convictions  and  their  Bap- 
tist agent  in  London,  it  is  written,  ^''  No  person 
within  the  said  colony,  at  any  time  hereafter,  shall 
be  anywise  molested,  punished,  disquieted,  or  called 
in  question  for  any  difl'eronco  of  opinion  in  matters 
of  religion."  II  Even  the  Quakers,  as  may  be  seen 
in  "  Laws  agreed  upon  in  England  by  the  Governor 
of  Pennsylvania  (William  Penn)  and  Divers  Free- 
men thereof,"  restrict  their  legal  toleration  to  "all 
persons    who   confess    and   acknowledge  the   one 

'    *  Coloniiil  Records  of  Elioiie  Island,  i.  28. 
•f-  History  of  Uhode  Island,  i.  200.  J  Idem,  201. 

J  Idem,  255.  ||  Idem,  292." 


almighty  and  eternal  God  to  be  the  creator,  up- 
holder, and  ruler  of  the  world."**  The  Baptists  of 
Rhode  Island  had  no  laws  upon  religion,  the  greatest 
infidel  of  the  human  race  carried  no  legal  stigma 
in  that  colony  for  his  opinion^  from  its  first  set- 
tlement by  our  Baptist  fathers;  it  had  the  only 
government  in  the  world  where  religion  was  en- 
tirely free.  Maryland's  mean  toleration  was  not 
freedom  of  conscience,  except  for  certain  classes, 
and  poor  as  it  was,  Rhode  Island  gave  full  liberty 
thirteen  years  sooner.  In  1789,  Washington,  at 
the  request  of  the  Virginia  Baptists,  recommended 
to  Congress  that  amendment  to  our  national  Con- 
stitution which  says,  "  Congress  shall  make  no  law 
respecting  an  establishment  of  religion,  or  pro- 
hibiting the  free  exercise  thereof"  It  was  tiirough 
their  influence  that  grand  article  was  added  to  our 
great  instrument  of  government. ff  llhe  religious 
liberties  of  our  country  were  first  established  in 
Rhode  .Island  by  our  Baptist  fathers,  and  only 
through  Baptist  channels  have  the  nations  of  the 
earth  learned  soul  freedom. 

Liberty  of  Conscience  among  the  English. 
Baptists  before  the  Publication  of  "The 
Bloudy  Tenent"  of  Roger  WiUiams. — In  1589, 
as  Crosby  states,  Dr.  Some^  a  man  of  great  reputa- 
tion in  England,  wrote  a  work  against  certain 
prominent  Puritans,  whom  he  compares  in  some 
things  to  the  Anabaptists.  In  his  book  he  repre- 
sents the  Anabaptists  as  holding,  among  their  doc- 
trines, that  ministers  of  the  gospel  ought  to  be 
maintained  by  the  voluntary  contributions  of  the 
people,  and  that  the  civil  power  has  no  right  to 
make  and  impose  ecclesiastical  laws.  This  is  the 
great  Baptist  doctrine  of  soul  liberty,  the  proclama- 
tion of  which  about  fifty  years  later  has  given  un- 
dying fame  to  the  illustrious  founder  of  Rliode 
Island.  These  men  in  demanding  that  religion 
should  be  completely  delivered  from  state  patron- 
age and  persecution  were  the  successors  of  a  line 
of  Baptists  who  claimed  the  same  privileges  in 
every  Christian  age  up  to  the  Teacher  of  Galilee. 
Leonard  Buslier,  a  citizen  of  London  and  a  Baptist, 
presented  to  Jaincs  I.  and  to  Parliament  his  "Re- 
ligious Peace,  or  a  Plea  for  Liberty  of  Conscience," 
and  published  it  in  pamphlet  form  in  1614.  Tlie 
work  of  Mr.  Busher  is  both  able  and  eloquent, 
and,  considering  his  times,  one  of  the  most  remark- 
able productions  ever  printed.     He  says, — 

"Kings  and  magistrates  are  to  rule  temporal 
affairs  by  the  swords  of  their  temporal  kingdoms, 
and  bishops  and  ministers  are  to  rule  spiritual 
affairs  by  the  Word  and  Spirit  of  God,  the  sword  of 
Christ's  spiritual  kingdom,  and  not  to  intermeddle 

**  Minutes  of  Provinciiil  Council  of  Pennsylvania,  p.  41.  Pub- 
lished Iiy  tlie  Sdito.     Pliiladel|ili!a,  1SV2. 

tt  Oatlicnrt's  Baptists  aud  the  .\merican  Revolution,  pp.  97-111. 
Philadelphia,  1S76.  ■ 


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699 


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one  with  another's  authority,  office,  and  function." 
A<;ain,  "  All  those  Ijisliojis  that  force  princes  and 
people  to  receive  tiieir  faith  and  discipline  by  per- 
secution do,  with  Judas,  go  af^ainst  Ciirist  in  his 
members,  with  swords,  staves,  and  halberds,  who, 
seeing  God's  Word  will  not  help  them,  betake 
themselves  with  all  haste  and  iiazard  unto  the  au- 
thority of  the  king  and  magistrate."  Again,  "  It 
is  not  only  unmerciful,  l)ut  unnatural  and  abomi- 
nable, yea,  monstrous,  for  one  Christian  to  vex  and 
destroy  another  for  difference  and  questions  of  re- 
ligion." Again,  "  Neither  suffer  the  bishops  with 
persecution  to  defend  their  faith  and  church  against 
their  adversaries.  If  they  have  not  anything  from 
God's  Word  against  us,  let  them  yield  and  submit 
themselves.  If  they  think  they  have  anything 
against  us,  let  them  betake  themselves  only  to 
God's  Word,  both  in  word  and  writing."  Again, 
*'  By  persecution  arc  the  Jews,  Turks,  and  Pagans 
occasioned  and  encouraged  to  persecute  likewise  all 
such  as  preach  and  teach  Christ  in  their  dominions; 
for  if  Christian  kings  and  magistrates  will  not  suf- 
fer Christians  to  preach,  and  preach  the  gospel  of 
Christ  freely  and  peaceably  in  their  dominions,  how 
could  you  expect  it  of  the  infidels?  .  .  .  And  the 
king  and  Parliament  may  please  to  permit  (liberty 
to)  ALL  SORTS  OF  Christians;  YEA,  (to)  Jews,  Turks, 
AND  Pagans,  so  long  as  they  are  peaceable  and  no 
malefactors,  as  is  above  mentioned."  This  is  the 
true  liberty  for  which  our  denomination  has  al- 
•ways  contended, — liberty  of  conscience  for  all  nmn- 
kind.  Bushersays,  "Persecution  for  difference  in 
religion  is  a  monstrous  and  cruel  beast,  that  dc- 
stroyeth  both  prince  and  people,  hindereth  the  gos- 
pel of  Christ,  and  scattereth  his  disciples  that  wit- 
ness and  profess  his  name.  But  permission  (liberty) 
of  conscience  in  difference  of  religion  saveth  Jjoth 
prince  and  people  :  for  it  is  a  meek  and  gentle 
lamb,  which  not  only  furthereth  and  advanceth 
the  gospel,  but  also  fostereth  and  cherishcth  those 
that  profess  it."*  Leonard  Busher  delivered  a  noble 
testimony  for  liberty  and  truth. 

His  work  was  speedily  followed  by  another 
treatise  on  the  same  subject,  entitled  "  Persecution 
for  Religion  Judged  and  Condemned."  It  was  pub- 
lished in  1615  "by  Christ's  unwctfthy  witnesses, 
his  majesty's  faithful  sulyects,  commonly,  l)ut 
falsely,  called  Anabaptists."  No  writer  in  the 
nineteenth  century,  in  Europe  or  America,  has  a 
clearer  conception  of  religious  liberty  than  the 
author  of  this  book.  He  says,  "  The  power  and 
authority  of  the  king  are  earthly,  and  God.  hath 
commanded  me  to  submit  to  all  ordinances  of  man, 
and  therefore  I  have  faith  to  submit  to  what  or- 
dinance of  man  soever  the  king  commands  ;  if  it  be 
a  human  ordinance,  and  not  against  the  manifest 


•  "  RetipioHs  Peace,"  in  Tracts  on  Liberty  of  Conscience,  Uanserd 
Knollys  Society,  pp.  23,  24,  25, 33,  41.     London,  1816. 


Word  of  God,  let  him  recpiire  what  he  will,  I  must 
of  conscience  obey  him  with  my  body,  goods,  and 
all  that  I  have.  But  my  soul,  wherewith  I  am  to 
worship  God,  belongeth  to  another  King,  whos(! 
kingdom  is  not  of  this  world,  whose  people  must 
come  willingly,  whose  weapons  are  not  carnal  but 
spiritual."  Again,  "The  whole  New  Testament 
throughout,  in  all  the  doctrines  and  practices  of 
Christ  and  his  disciples,  teaches  no  such  thing  as 
compelling  men  by  persecutions  to  obey  the  gospel, 
but  the  direct  contrary."  Again,  "  I  unfeignedly 
acknowledge  that  God  hath  given  to  magistrates  a 
sword  to  cut  off  wicked  men,  and  to  reward  well- 
doers. But  this  ministry  is  a  worldly  ministry, 
their  sword  is  a  worldly  sword,  their  punishments 
can  extend  no  further  than  the  outward  man  ;  they 
can  but  kill  the  body.  And  therefore  this  ministry 
and  sword  are  appointed  only  to  punish  the  breach 
of  worldly  ordinances,  which  is  all  that  God  hath 
given  to  any  mortal  man  to  punish."  Again. 
"  Christ's  kingdom  is  spiritual,  his  laws  are  spir- 
itual, the  transgressions  are  sjjiritual,  the  punish- 
ment is  spiritual,  everlasting  death  of  soul,  his 
sword  is  spiritual ;  no  carnal  or  worldly  weapon  is 
given  to  the  supportation  of  his  kingdom.  The 
Lawgiver  himself  hath  commanded  that  the  trans- 
gressors of  these  laws  should  lie  let  alone  until  the 
harvest,  because  he  knows  that  they  that  are  now 
tares  may  hereafter  come  to  repentance  and  become 
wheat."  Again,  "  Magistracy  is  a  power  of  this 
world  ;  the  kingdom,  power,  subjects,  and  means 
of  pu])lishing  the  gospel  are  not  of  this  world." 
Again,  "  But  if  I  defend  the  authority  of  Christ 
Jesus  over  men's  souls,  whicdi  appertainetli  to  no 
mortal  man,  then  know  you  that  whosoever  would 
rob  him  of  that  honor,  which  is  not  of  this  world, 
he  will  tread  them  underfoot.  Earthly  authority 
belongeth  to  earthly  kings,  but  spiritual  authority 
belongeth  to  that  one  spiritual  King,  who  is  King 
of  kings.  ...  I  have  showed  you  by  the  law  of 
Christ  that  your  course  is  most  wicked,  to  compel- 
any  by  jjersecution  to  perform  any  service  to  God, 
as  you  pretend."! 

The  Anabaptists  presented  James  I.  a  petition 
in  1620  pleading  for  liberty  of  conscience  and  de- 
liverance from  persecution.  The  soul  freedom,  so 
dear  to  Baptists  in  all  ages,  is  conspicuous  in  this 
"  Supplication."  The  writer  of  thisdocument  says, 
"  The  vileness  of  persecuting  the  body  of  any  man, 
only  for  cause  of  conscience,  is  against  the  Word  of 
God  and  law  of  Christ."  Again,  "Oh,  be  pleased 
to  consider,  why  you  should  persecute  us  for  hum- 
bly beseeching  you,  in  the  words  of  the  King  of 
kings,  to  give  unto  God  the  things  which  are  God's, 
which  is  to  be  Lord  and  Lawgiver  to  the  soul  in 
that  spiritual  worship  and  service  which  he  re- 

t  Persecution  for  Rclij:ion  Judged  and  Condemned.    Idem,  pp. 
107,  108,  12(1,  121,  122,  l.^S,  135. 


LIBERTY 


700 


LIBERTY 


quireth.  If  you  will  take  away  this  from  God, 
what  is  it  that  is  God's?  Far  be  it  from  you  to  de- 
sire to  sit  in  the  consciences  of  men,  to  be  lawgiver 
and  judge  therein.  This  is  antichrist's  practice, 
persuading  the  kings  of  the  earth  to  give  him  their 
power  to  compel  all  hereunto.  You  may  make 
and  mend  your  own  laws,  and  be  judge  and  pun- 
isher  of  the  transgressors  thereof,  but  you  cannot 
make  or  mend  God's  laws,  they  are  perfect  already. 
You  may  not  add  nor  diminish,  nor  be  judge  nor 
monarch  of  his  church  ;  that  is  Christ's  right.  He 
left  neither  you  nor  any  mortal  man  his  deputy, 
but  only  the  Holy  Ghost,  as  your  highness  acknowl- 
edgeth  ;  and  whosoever  erreth  from  the  truth,  his 
judgment  is  set  down  and  the  time  thereof."*  The 
author  of  the  "Humble  Supplication,"  according 
to  the  famous  Roger  Williams,!  was  committed  "  a 
close  prisoner  to  Newgate,  London,  for  the  witness 
of  some  truths  of  Jesus,  and  having  not  the  use  of 
pen  and  ink,  wrote  these  arguments  in  milk,  in 
sheets  of  paper  brought  to  him  by  the  woman,  his 
keeper,  fi-om  a  friend  in  London  as  the  stopples  of 
his  milk-bottle.  In  such  paper  written  with  milk 
nothing  will  appear ;  but  the  way  of  reading  it  by 
fire  being  known  to  this  friend  who  received  the 
papers,  he  transcribed  and  kept  together  the  papers, 
although  the  author  could  not  correct  nor  view 
what  himself  had  written."  From  the  "  Humble 
Supplication"  were  taken  the  arguments,  which, 
being  replied  to  by  Mr.  Cotton,  gave  rise  to  the 
work  of  Mr.  Williams,  and  which  he  has  so  sig- 
nificantly called  "The  Bloudy  Tenant  of  Persecu- 
tion Discussed."  This  theory,  so  nobly  advocated 
by  English  Baptists,  so  ably  defended  by  the  illus- 
trious founder  of  Rhode  Island  in  his  celebrated 
work,  was  carried  out  in  practice  by  the  Baptists 
in  England.  In  1655,  John  Biddle,  a  Socinian,  was 
arrested  on  the  charge  of  heresy  in  London ;  his 
danger  was  very  great;  with  his  opinions  Baptists 
had  no  sympathy;  but  for  his  liberty  of  conscience 
they  cherished  a  profound  regard,  and  many  Bap- 
tist congregations  petitioned  Cromwell  for  his  re- 
lease. They  made  common  cause  with  the  man 
■whose  life  was  endangered  by  an  attack  upon  his 
rights  of  conscience.  How  the  theory  of  Roger 
AVilliams  has  been  carried  out  first  in  Rhode 
Island,  and  now  in  every  State  in  the  Union,  all 
the  world  knows. 

In  1644,  when  "  The  Bloudy  Tonent"  was  pub- 
lished in  London,  the  Baptists  were  the  only  advo- 
cates of  full  liberty  of  conscience  on  earth,  that 
year  Mr.  John  Goodwin,  a  Congrcgationalist,  came 
to  their  help.  The  Congrcgationalists  as  a  body, 
in  England  and  America,  were  willing  to  grant 
liberty  only   to  those   "sound   in  fundamentals." 


"  Ah  Humble  Supplication  to  the  Kiug'a  Majesty.    Idem,  pp.  192, 


230. 


t  Bloudy  Tenent,  page  3G,  Ticf.  30,  3").     Loiulon,  1S48. 


Daniel  Neal,  an  Independent  (Congregationalist), 
says,  "  The  Independents  pleaded  for  a  toleration 
so  far  as  to  include  themselves  and  the  sober  Ana- 
baptists, but  did  not  put  the  controversy  on  a  gen- 
eral foot  (ing).  They  were  for  folerating  all  that 
agreed  in  the  fundamentals  of  Christianity;  but 
when  they  came  to  enumerate  fundamentals  they 
were  sadly  entangled,  as  all  those  must  be  who  do 
not  keep  the  religious  and  civil  rights  of  mankind 
on  a  separate  basis."  Neal  writes  of  his  brethren 
in  1645,  and  from  the  last  sentence  we  quote,  he 
would  have  given  them  a  better  character  as  friends 
of  true  liberty  if  the  facts  would  have  permitted 
him.  The  Parliament  of  Scotland  appealed  to  the 
legislature  of  England,  and  declared  their  convic- 
tion "  that  the  piety  and  wisdom  of  the  honorable 
houses  (of  Parliament)  will  never  admit  toleration 
of  any  sects  or  schisms  contrary  to  pur  Solemn 
League  and  Covenant.'"  This  covenant  was  taken 
in  England  in  the  end  of  1643  and  in  the  beginning 
of  1644.  Neal  says  that  "at  the  same  time  they 
appealed  to  the  people,  and  published  a  declaration 
against  toleration  of  sectaries  and  liberty  of  con- 
science, in  which,  after  having  taken  notice  of 
their  great  services,  they  observe  that  there  is  a 
party  in  England  who  are  endeavoring  to  supplant 
the  true  religion  by  pleading  for  liberty  of  con- 
science, which,  say  they,  is  the  nourisher  of  all 
heresies  and  schisms.  They  then  declare  against 
all  such  notions  as  are  inconsistent  with  the  truth 
of  religion,  and  opening  a  door  to  licentiousness, 
which,  to  the  utmost  of  their  power,  they  will  en- 
deavor to  oppose ;  and  as  they  have  all  entered  into 
one  covenant,  so  to  the  last  man  in  the  kingdom 
theyAvill  go  on  in  the  preservation  of  it.  And  how- 
ever the  Parliament  of  England  may  determine  in 
point  of  toleration  and  liberty  of  conscience,  they 
are  resolved  not  to  make  the  least  start,  but  to  live 
and  die  for  the  glory  of  God  in  the  entire  preserva- 
tion of  the  truth  ;"J  that  is,  in  suppressing  liberty 
of  conscience.  This  was  the  spirit  of  Presbyterian 
Scotland  in  1645. 

Richard  Baxter,  the  most  influential  Presbyterian 
minister  in  England,  as  quoted  by  Crosby,  writes, 
"  My  judgment  in  that  much  debated  point  of 
liberty  of  religion  I  have  always  freely  made 
known :  I  abhor  unlimited  liberty,  or  toleration 
of  all."'  The  Westminster  Assembly  of  Divines, 
which  framed  the  creed  of  all  British  Presbyte- 
rians, Dec.  15,  1645,  in  response  to  an  application 
of  the  Congregationalists  for  a  very  moderate  toler- 
ation for  themselves,  declared  that  "  this  opened  a 
perpetual  gap  for  all  sects  to  challenge  such  a 
liberty  as  their  due  ;  that  this  liberty  was  denied 
by  the  churches  of  New  England,  and  that  they 
have  as  just  ground  to  deny  it  as  they ;  that  this 

X  NcaVs  History  of  tlio  Puritans,  iii.  244,  240.  Dublin,  17.55.  See 
also  Collier's  Ecclesiastical  History,  viii.  300,  3uK     London,  1841. 


LICENSE 


701 


LILBURN 


desired  forboaranoc  is  u  perpetual  division  in  tii<^ 
church,  and  a  perpetual  drawin<j  away  from  the 
churches  under  the  rule  ;  for  upon  the  same  pre- 
tense those  wlio  scruple  infant  haptisiii  may  with- 
draw from  tiieir  churches,  and  so  separate  into  an- 
other congregation.  Are  these  divisions,  say  they, 
as  lawful  as  they  are  infinite?  or  must  we  <rive 
that  respect  to  the  errors  of  men's  consciences  as 
to  satisfy  their  scruples  by  allowance  of  this  liberty 
to  them?  That  scnip!c  of  cvnsricuce  is  no  cause  of 
separation ;  nor  dotli  it  take  off'  causeless  separa- 
tion from  being  schism,  which  may  arise  from 
errors  of  conscience  as  well  as  carnal  and  corrupt 
reason."  The  Assembly  flatly  denied  the  tolera- 
tion solicited  by  the  Congregational ists  ;  and  for 
the  moment  the  English  government  was  ready  to 
enforce  their  di-oision.  These  godly  men  in  the 
Assembly  and  the  leading  ministers  and  laymen  of 
their  denomination  in  London,  and  in  the  country 
at  that  time,  were  fierce  enemies  of  liberty  of  con- 
science. To-day  our  Presbyterian  brethren  are 
friends  of  true  liberty,  secular  and  sacred.  But 
down  to  1044  tli(!  Baptists  were  the  only  advocates 
of  liberty  of  conscience  for  all  Christians,  and  all 
other  men  on  earth.  They  have  the  honor  of  being 
the  first  preachers  of  this  doctrine,  and  of  convert- 
ing the  masses  of  other  denominations  to  this  part 
of  their  creed  :  and  they  have  the  glory  of  founding 
Rhode  Island,  the  first  State  on  earth  wliere  this 
doctrine  received  legal  recognition  ;  and  through 
Rhode  Island  the  Baptists  have  given  this  doctrine 
a  place  in  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and 
in  the  legal  enactments  of  every  State  in  the  Amer- 
ican Union. 

License,  A  Form  of. — As  a  Baptist  church  is 
the  higliest  ecclesiiistical  authority  in  the  denomi- 
nation, or  in  the  Sacred  Book,  upon  whose  teach- 
ings our  churches  are  built,  the  church,  after  hear- 
ing a  brother  exercise  his  gifts  as  a  preacher,  gives 
liim  a  license,  not  to  administer  baptism  and  the 
Lord's  Supper,  but  to  proclaim  the  blessed  gospel. 
This  license  gives  him  no  ministerial  standing,  and 
no  position  beyond  that  of  a  layman,  except  that  it 
expresses  the  opinion  of  the  church  of  which  he  is 
a  member  that  he  has  qualifications  for  ])reaching 
the  gospel.  The  following  form  of  license  has  been 
used : 

"  To  all  whom  it  may  concern.  The  Baptist 
church  of  Blanktown  sends  greeting:  Our  beloved 
brother,  Joshua  Smith,  a  man  of  good  repute,  un- 
doubted piety,  and  sound  knowledge  of  divine 
things,  after  exercising  his  ministerial  gifts  in  pri- 
vate and  in  public  to  our  entire  satisfaction,  is 
hereby  licensed  to  preach  the  gospel,  wherever  the 
Lord  may  open  a  door  for  him.  We  recommend 
him  to  the  favor  of  our  brethren  ;  and  we  pray  that 
the  Lord  may  greatly  bless  him. 

"  Done  at  our  regular  meeting  for  business,  etc." 


Ligon,  William  Claiborne,  was  bom  in  Prince 
Edward  Co.,  \'a.,  Dec.  1<S,  1790.  lie  studied  at 
Golgotha  Academy ;  was  converted  at  eighteen 
years,  and  ordained  in  l<S2r>  by  Elders  P.  P.  Smith 
and  Clapton.  He  came  to  Missouri  in  1841,  and 
settled  near  Carrollton.  For  thirty  years  he  labored 
in  that  part  of  the  State  ;  was  pastor  at  Lexington, 
Dover,  Liberty,  Richmond,  and  Carrollton.  He 
gave  much  time  and  effort  to  the  establishment  of 
William  Jewell  College.  He  was  successful  as  an 
evangelist,  in  Clay,  Ray,  Lafayette,  and  Saline 
Counties.     lie  died  in  I)ov(m-,  April  13,  1877. 

Lilburn,  Maj.-Gen.  Robert,  was  a  soldier  of 

great  daring.  When  the  Earl  of  Derby  placed 
himself  at  the  bead  of  L500  horse  and  foot  in  Lan- 
cashire, Lilburn  met  him  near  Wigan,  and  with 
SOO  men  routed  his  forces,  though  they  fought 
bravely  for  about  an  hour.  Lilburn  killed  many 
of  the  enemy,  captured  between  3U0  and  400  pris- 
oners, and  lost  only  11  men. 

In  Scotland  his  military  administration  was 
marked  by  a  spirit  of  devout  piety,  antl  of  great 
kindness.  The  Baptist  church  of  Hexham,  North- 
umberland, England,  has  several  allusions  to  the 
general  in  old  letters  belonging  to  its  records ;  and 
one  of  its  letters  written  to  the  general  is  still  pre- 
served.    In  this  epistle  the  church  writes : 

"  Honored  Sir, — It  hath  been  matter  of  great 
joy  and  consolation  to  our  spirits,  ever  since  we 
heard  of  the  glorious  appearances  of  the  divine 
nature  in  you,  which  manifests  itself  through  your 
love,  which  you  have  towards  all  saints,  and  par- 
ticularly towards  us.  We  desire  to  admire  the 
good  hand  of  our  God  in  it,  that  we,  who  are  less 
than  the  least  of  saints,  should  have  favor  given 
us  in  your  eyes,  whom  God  has  so  highly  honored 
to  set  in  a  place  of  so  great  eminency."*  They  then 
proceed  to  thank  him  for  his  great  kindness  to  three 
of  their  brethren, — Edward  Ilickhorngill,  Charles 
Bond,  and  Thomas  Stackhouse, — and  for  his  great 
love  to  their  entire  church.  Ten  of  the  brethren 
sign  the  letter  on  behalf  of  the  church.  It  is  dated 
the  22d  day  of  the  Fourth  month,  10.53.  Gen.  Lil- 
burn had  Baptist  chaplains,  and  maintained  loving 
relations  with  the  churches  of  that  denomination 
wherever  he  was  stationed.  In  1647  he  was  gov- 
ernor of  Newcastle  ;  next  year  he  was  one  of  the 
judges  that  tried  Charles  I.  and  condemned  him  to 
death;  and  the  name  of  Robert  Lilburn  is  ap- 
pended to  the  warrant  for  his  execution. 

Cromwell  for  a  time  imprisoned  him  because  of 
his  inflexible  republicanism,  as  he  served  Harrison 
and  others.  But  this  only  showed  the  immense  in- 
fluence wielded  by  Gen.  Lilburn  ;  for  it  was  not  to 
punish  him  that  Cromwell  subjected  him  to  arrest, 
but  to  protect  himself  from  the  attacks  of  a  power- 
ful military  leader,  who  was  opposed  to  all  govern- 
*  Feostauton  Records,  etc.,  328.    Loodon,  1864. 


LILLARD 


702 


LINCOLN 


nienta  administered*  by  "  one  man."  Cromwell 
knew  his  great  worth,  and  it  was  he  who  made  him 
a  major-general. 

Lilburnf  was  very  active  in  securing  the  recall  of 
the  remnant  of  the  Long  Parliament,  when  the  sys- 
tem of  government  instituted  by  Oliver  perished  in 
thehandsof  Richard  Cromwell.  Largely  through  his 
great  influence  in  the  army  was  this  course  pursued. 
He  felt  that  no  military  chieftain  should  exercise  do- 
minion in  his  country,  nor  any  committee  of  gen- 
erals ;  and  that  government  was  the  creation  of  the 
people  themselves  ;  and  as  the  Long  Parliament 
was  the  only  fragment  of  legal  government  in  Eng- 
land capable  of  being  invested  with  life,  he  lent 
effectual  aid  in  giving  it  the  sceptre  of  power  once 
more. 

When  Charles  IL  was  placed  upon  the  throne 
Lilburn  was  tried  as  a  regicide  ;  he  offered  no  de- 
fense, and  of  course  was  condemned  ;  he  w,as  ex- 
iled to  the  Isle  of  St.  Nicholas,  off  Plymouth,  where 
he.  died  in  1665.  Why  he  was  hot  executed  we 
cannot  conceive ;  it  was  not  because  of  any  mercy 
possessed  by  Charles  II.,  nor  on  account  of  any 
bribe  given  to  the  frail  but  all-powerful  companions 
of  the  king's  dearest  pleasures.  Probably,  legal 
murder,  accompanied  by  the  horrible  custom  in 
treason  cases  of  "  drawing  and  quartering,"  had 
begun  to  arouse  the  indignation  of  the  nation 
against  the  Stuarts;  and  Lilburn's  life  was  spared 
because  its  sacrifice  might  cost  too  much.  We  love 
the  memory  of  Maj.-Gen.  Robert  Lilburn,  the 
"  fanatic  Anabaptist,"  as  Guizot,  in  his  Memoirs 
of  Monk,  is  pleased  to  call  him. 

Lillard,  E.ev.  Jas.  M.,  was  born  in  Mercer  Co., 
Ky.,  Sept.  27,  1806,  and  has  been  a  Baptist  min- 
ister for  forty-seven  years.  He  removed  from  Ken- 
tucky to  Lewis  Co.,  Mo.,  in  1832,  being  the  first 
Baptist  preacher  north  of  Palmyra,  Mo.  He  trav- 
eled far  .and  near,  traversing  large  prairies  in  the 
severest  weather,  preaching  the  gospel  and  receiving 
little  or  no  compensation.  He  was  truly  a  mis- 
sionary, lie  often  went  down  the  Mississippi 
River,  and  occasionally  returned  to  Kentucky, 
where  he  held,  and  assisted  his  father  in  conduct- 
ing, a  number  of  great  revival  meetings,  in  which 
hundreds  professed  faith  in  Clirist.  He  has  ex- 
erted a  wonderful  influence  for  gdod  throughout  all 
Northeast  Missouri,  and  though  now  old  and  much 
afflicted,  often  preaching  while  sitting,  he  travels 
almost  continually,  laboring  for  Christ.  lie  has 
organized  a'great  many  Baptist  churches  ;  assisted 
in  ordaining  at  least  twenty-five  Baptist  ministers, 
and  has  baptized  more  tiian  3000  persons. 

Lillard,  Rev.  Robert  Rodes,  A.M.,  a  man 

of  remarkable  gifts  and  attainments,  was  born  in 
Anderson  Co.,  Ky.,  Jan.  10,  1820.     After  a  pre- 

*  llumc,  Smollett,  ami  Fnrr,  i.  730.    London. 

t  Kapin's  History  of  Eiigliinii,  ii.  005.    London,  Vi'i"^. 


paratory  course  he  entered  Georgetown  College  as 
a  Sophomore  in  1842,  and  graduated  in  1845. 
Having  professed  religion  and  united  with  the 
Baptist  church  at  Lawrenceburg,  in  his  native 
county,  in  1841,  he  was  licensed  to  preach  the  fol- 
lowing year,  and  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  in 
1846.  He  now  placed  himself  under  the  instruction 
of  the  distinguished  Dr.'J.  L.  AValler,  and  the  fol- 
lowing year  became  associated  with  his  preceptor 
in  the  editorship  of  the  Wesio'n  Baptist  Review,  at 
that  time  the  .ablest  periodical  in  the  West.  His 
career  was  a  most  brilliant  one,  and  within  a  few 
months  he  was  placed  among  the  ablest  periodical 
writers  of  his  time,  but  shortly  after,  death  closed 
his  too  brief  career,  on  June  7,  1849. 

Lincoln,  Ensign,  was  born  in  Ilingham,  Mass., 
Jan.  8,  1779.  He  enjoyed  good  educational  oppor- 
tunities in  his  youthful  days,  and  the  inestimable 
blessing  of  an  early  religious  training.  When  he 
reached  the  age  of  fourteen  he  w.as  placed  as  an 
apprentice  at  the  business  of  printing.  Having 
become  a  Christian  he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Dr. 
Baldwin  in  1799,  of  whose  church  he  was  a  mem- 
ber until  he  transferred  his  relation  to  the  Third 
Baptist  church,  for  so  many  years  under  the  pa.s- 
toral  charge  of  Rev.  Dr.  Sharp.  As  he  had  evi- 
dently gifts  which  fitted  him  to  preach  tbe  gospel, 
he  was  induced  to  exercise  tbem.  The  churches  at 
Lynn,  East  Cambridge,  Cambridgeport,  Roxbury, 
South  Boston,  and  Federal  Street,  Boston,  owe  to 
him  a  great  debt  of  gratitude  for  what  he  did  among 
them  in  the  days  of  their  early  weakness.  While 
engaged  in  promoting  the  Redeemer's  kingdom  by 
the  use  of  the  talents  which  God  had  given  him  as 
a  preacher  of  righteousne.«s,he  was  also  in  another 
way  accomplishing  avast  amount  of  good.  As  the 
leading  partner  in  the  publishing  house  of  Lincoln 
&  Edmunds,  he  was  instrumental  in  sending  out 
from  the  press  a  healthful  religious  literature, 
which  proved  a  blessing  of  great  value  to  multi- 
tudes of  people.  lie  spent  a  life  of  purity  and 
blamelessness  among  his  fellow-men,  until  God 
took  him  home  to  receive  the  reward  of  a  faithful 
serv.ant.  His  death  occurred  Dec.  2,  1832.  Dr. 
W.ayland  s<a3's  of  him,  "  Since  his  death  was  men- 
tioned to  me,  I  have  been  striving  to  think  of  one 
who  was  of  more  value  to  the  church  as  a  layman. 
I  could  not  think  of  one.  I  have  thought  of  clergy- 
men, and  the  result  was  the  same.  You  may  look 
over  a  dozen  cities  before  you  find  a  man  in  a 
private  station  who  has  cleared  away  around  him- 
self so  large  and  so  fertile  a  field  of  usefulness.  I 
know  of  no  man  to  fill  up  his  place." 

Lincoln,  Hon.  Heman,  was  born  in  Ilingham. 
Mass.,  Jan.  7,  1779.  He  was  one  of  a  family  of 
eleven  children,  whose  parents  were  honored  and 
loved  in  the  community  in  which  they  lived  for 
their  consistent  piety.    When  Heman  was  fourteen 


LINCOLN 


703 


LINCOLN 


years  of  affo  lie  was  apprenticed  to  a  carpenter  in 
Boston.  He  was  baptized  by  Dr.  Baldwin,  May 
19,  1799,  and  in  1809  he  was  chosen  a  deacon  of 
the  church. 

A  man  of  his  sterlinr;  worth  could  not  remain 
long  in  private  life.  Ilis  fellow-citizens,  reco<^- 
nizing  his  abilities,  were  not  backward  in  solicit- 
ing him  to  occupy  public  positions.  At  different 
times,  as  representative  and  senator,  he  served  in 
the  Legislatui-e  of  Massachusetts.  He  was  chosen 
a  member  of  the  convention  for  the  revision  of  the 
State  constitution,  and,  iis  an  intelligent  Baptist, 
he  made  an  earnest  plea  in  behalf  of  religious  lib- 
erty and  the  rights  of  conscience.  Ten  years,  how- 
ever, passed  before  the  cause  which  he  so  earnestly 
advocated  triumphed  over  the  prejudices  with  which 
it  had  been  called  to  contend. 

Deacon  Lincoln  was  among  the  earliest  and  most 
steadfast  friends  of  home  and  foreign  missions. 
For  several  years  he  was  the  president  of  the  Amer- 
ican Baptist  Home  Mission  Society,  and  when  the 
conversion  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Judson  to  Baptist  sen- 
timents called  forth  an  appeal  to  the  churches  iti 
tliis  country  for  help  in  the  establishment  of  the 
missions  in  Burmah,  he  was  among  the  first  to  re- 
spond. In  1824  he  was  chosen  treasurer  of  the 
Baptist  General  Convention,  and  he  held  the  office 
twenty-two  years.  So  deep  was  his  interest  in  the 
cause  that  he  gave  up  his  regular  business,  and 
spent  his  time  at  the  mission  rooms  in  Boston,  and 
proved  himself  a  most  valuable  assistant  to  Rev. 
Dr.  Bolles,  at  the  time  the  corresponding  secretary 
of  the  Convention. 

But  it  was  not  merely  the  two  great  denomina- 
tional organizations  for  the  prosecution  of  home 
and  foreign  missions  that  awakened  the  regards  of 
Deacon  Lincoln.  He  was  ready  to  unite  with  all 
good  men  for  the  advancement  of  any  cause  which 
aimed  at  the  improvement  of  mankind  and  the 
glory  of  God.  lie  was  a  steadfast  friend  of  the 
American  Bible  Society,  the  American  Tract  So- 
ciety at  New  York,  the  American  Temperance  So- 
ciety, and  kindreil  organizations.  For  twenty-seven 
years  he  was  a  trustee  of  Brown  University.  He 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Newton  Theological 
Institution,  and  for  several  years  one  of  its  trustees. 
For  twenty-two  years  he  was  chairman  of  the  ex- 
ecutive committee  of  the  American  Biiptist  Mis- 
sionary Union.  The  missionaries  under  appoint- 
ment found  in  his  hospitable  dwelling  a  happy 
home  while  waiting  the  time  of  their  departure  to 
the  distant  fields  of  their  hvbor,  and  when,  worn 
down  with  protracted  toil,  they  returned  to  recruit 
their  wasted  strength  in  their  native  country.  Dea- 
con Lincoln  was  among  the  first  to  give  them  a 
hearty  welcome  under  his  own  roof.  A  life  of 
more  than  ninety  years  was  consecrated  to  the  ser- 
vice of  his  Master,  and  when  he  dieil.  Aug.  1 1 ,  1S()9. 


it  was  felt  that  a  good  man  had  gone  home  to 
heaven.  Most  truthfully  was  it  said  of  him,  "  The 
cause  of  Christ  was  dearer  to  him  than  personal 
reputation  or  any  earthly  good.  His  record  was 
remarkably  unsullied,  and  all  the  churches  with 
whi('h  he  was  connected  may  count  that  record  as 
among  their  choicest  ornaments." 

Lincoln,   Heman,   D.D.,  was  born  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  April    14,  ISiil.     He   graduated   at  Brown 


HEMAN      LINCOLN,    I>.D. 

University  in  the  class  of  1840.  Among  his  class- 
mates were  Prof.  J.  B.  Boise,  LL.D.,  Kev.  Dr.  AV. 
T.  Brantly,  President  E.  Dodge,  LL.D.,  Uev.  Dr. 
J.  U.  Kendrick,  and  President  H.  G.  Weston,  D.D. 
He  graduated  at  the  Newton  Institution  in  the  class 
of  1845,  and  was  ordained  immediately  after  his 
graduation,  in  Boston,  September,  1845.  He  was 
pastor  of  the  church  in  New  Britain,  Pa.,  for  five 
years,  when  he  removed  to  Philadelphia  to  take 
charge  of  the  Franklin  S(iuare  church.  After  three 
years  of  service  he  was  called  to  Jamaica  Plain, 
Mass.,  where  he  continued  six  years.  He  accepted 
a  call  to  the  Central  Ba])tist  church  in  Providence, 
of  which  he  was  pastor  for  eight  j-ears,  the  connec- 
tion being  terminated  by  his  appointment  to  the  ])ro- 
fessorship  of  Ecclesiastical  History  in  the  Newton 
Theological  Institution,  the  duties  of  which  he 
performed  for  five  years,  when  he  was  transferred 
to  the  chair  of  Ilomileties  and  Pastoral  Duties, 
•which  position  he  now  holds.  Dr.  Lincoln  has  had 
much  experience  in  writing  for  the  press  during 
all  his  professional  life.  For  five  years  he  was  edi- 
torially connected    with   the   Christian  Chronicle, 


LINCOLN 


704 


LINDSA  Y 


and  for  thirteen  years  with  the  Watchman  and  lic- 
Jieclor.  Rochester  University  conferred  upon  Dr. 
Lincohi  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  in  1865. 

Lincoln,  Prof.  John,  LL.D.,  ^on  of  Ensign 
Lincoln,  was  Ijorn  in  Boston,  Mass.,. Feb.  23,  1817, 
and  was  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  the  class 
of  1836.  Immediately  after  which  he  was  chosen 
a  tutor  in  Columbian  College,  Washington,  D.  C, 
where  he  remained  during  the  academic  year 
1836-37.  In  the  fall  of  1837  he  entered  tlie  New- 
ton Theological  Seminary,  where  he  remained  until 
the  fall  of  1839,  when,  having  been  elected  a  tutor 
in  Brown  University,  he  removed  to  Providence. 
He  held  this  office  two  years,  at  the  end  of  which 
he  went  abroad,  in  company  with  Prof.  H.  B. 
Hackett,  in  order  to  pursue  his  studies  at  the  Ger- 
man universities.  He  spent  the  academic  year 
1841-42  in  Ilalle,  studying  theology  with  Tholuck 
and  Julius  Mliller,  and  philology  with  Gesgnius,  in 
Hebrew,  and  with  Barnhardy  in  the  classics.  The 
vacation  of  July  and  August  was  spent  in  an  ex- 
cursion through  Switzerland  and  Northern  Italy, 
with  Tiioluck  as  a  companion.  The  second  acad- 
emic year,  1842-43,  was  spent  in  Berlin,  under 
Neander,  in  church  history.  Old  Testament  history 
with  Hengstenberg,  and  the. classics  with  Boeetch. 
The  fall  of  1843  he  spent  in  Geneva,  where  he  de- 
voted himself  to  the  study 'of  French,  and  then 
went  to  Rome,  where  he  remained  until  May,  1844. 
In  the  fall  of  1844  he  entered  upon  his  duties  as 
Assistant  Professor  of  the  Latin  Language  and 
Literature  in  Brown  University,  and  was  appointed 
full  professor  in  1845.  In  1857  he  went  abroad  a 
second  time,  and  was  absent  six  months,  a  part  of 
which  was  passed  in  Athens.  Again  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1878  he  took  a  third  trip  to  the  Old  World. 
Prof.  Lincoln  has  prepared  editions  of  Livy  and 
Horace,  which  have  been  well  received.  lie  has 
also  contributed  able  articles  for  reviews,  maga- 
zines, and  the  religious  papei's. 

Lincoln,  Mrs.  Nancy  Hanks,  the  mother  of 
Abraham  Lincoln,  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  when 
quite  young  removed  to  Kentucky  with  some  mem- 
bers of  her  family.  In  1806  she  married  Thomas 
Lincoln,  of  Ilodgenville,  Hardin  Co.,  Ky. 

In  1843  La  Rue  County  M'as  created,  which  in- 
cluded the  home  of  Thomas  and  Nancy  Lincoln. 
This  county  was  named  after  John  La  Rue,  and 
Ilodgenville  after  Thomas  Ilodgen.  A  biographer 
of  Abraham  Lincoln  says,  "  Both  these  pioneers 
were  men  of  sterling  integrity  and  high  moral 
worth  ;  they  were  consistent  and  zealous  members 
of  the  Baptist  church,  and  one  of  their  associates, 
Benjamin  Lynn,  was  a  minister  of  the  same  per- 
suasion. Such  were  the  influences  under  which, 
more  than  twenty  years  before  Tiiomas  Lincoln 
settled  there,  this  little  colony  had  been  founded, 
itnd  which  went  far  to  give  the  community  its  per- 


manent character.'"  In  this  Baptist  settlement 
Abraham  Lincoln,  afterwards  President  of  the 
United  States,  was  born,  Feb.  12,  1809. 

Nancy  Hanks  Lincoln  was  a  woman  of  rare 
qualities  of  mind  and  heart,  and  though  she  died 
in  1818,  when  her  son  was  only  nine  j'ears  old,  she 
left  impressions  upon  him  which  could  never  be 
effaced,  and  which  directed  his  whole  future  move- 
ments. "  All  that  I  am  on  earth,"  said  President 
Lincoln  to  Rev.  Dr.  A.  D.  Gillette,  then  of  Wash- 
ington City,  "  I  owe  to  my  Baptist  mother.  I  am 
glad  to  see  you,  doctor  ;  you  remind  me  of  my  Bap- 
tist mother." 

Mrs.  Lincoln  lived  and  died  unknown  beyond  a 
very  limited  circle,  but  her  light  has  been  carried 
over  this  land  and  over  all  the  world  by  the  fame 
of  Abraham  Lincoln,  her  distinguislied  son. 

Lindsay,  Edmond  J.,  a  well-known  Christian 
business  man  of  Milwaukee,  was  born  in  Dundee. 
Scotland,  in  1838.  His  father,  in  1841,  emigrated 
with  his  family  to  New  York,  and  in  1843  came  to 
Dodge-  Co.,  Wis.,  where  he  engaged  in  farming. 
He  was  a  prominent  member  and  officer  in  a  Scotch 
Baptist  church  in  Dundee,  a  man  of  decided  Chris- 
tian influence.  When  he  came  to  Wisconsin  and 
found  himself  in  a  newly-settled  country,  where 
the  institutions  of  religion  were  not  yet  established, 
he  had  a  church  in  his  home,  teaching  his  children 
the  way  of  God,  expounding  the  Scriptures,  and 
holding  regular  worship  until  churches  were  estab- 
lished. 

It  was  in  this  Christian  atmosphere  young  Lind- 
say's childhood  and  youth  were  passed.  He  ob- 
tained his  education  in  the  log  school-house  of  the 
newly-settled  neighborhood;  and  an  occasional  term 
of  study  in  the  classical  schools  at  AVaupun  and 
Fox  Lake.  But  Mr.  Lindsay  has  been  a  student  all 
his  life,  hft,ving  a  fine  library  and  other  f\xcilities 
for  the  acquisition  of  knowledge. 

When  eleven  years  of  age  his  father  died,  -and 
the  care  of  the  farm  devolved  upon  him. 

INIr.  Lindsay  is  the  senior  member  of  the  firm  of 
E.  J.  and  W.  Lindsa}'.  The  business  was  estab- 
lished by  Mr.  Lindsay  in  1869,  and  is  now  one  of 
the  most  extensive  establishments  of  its  class  west 
of  the  Lakes,  having  relations  with  every  State  and 
Territory  i^n  the  Northwest.  As  its  manager  Mr. 
Lindsay  displays  qualifications  of  a  high  order. 

But  it  is  chiefly  as  a  Christian  that  he  has  become 
widely  known.  He  made  a  profession  of  religion 
when  fourteen  years  of  age,  and  united  a  few  years 
later  with  the  Baptist  church  at  Fox  Lake.  He  is 
one  of  the  best-known  members  of  the  First  Bap- 
tist church  in  IMilwaukcc.  a  member  of  its  board 
of  trustees,  has  been  its  Sabbath-school  superin- 
tendent, and  in  all  the  work  of  the  church  a  chief 
actor.  In  the  city,  outside  of  his  church,  he  is  a 
leader  in  all  benevolent  enterprises.     In  the  de- 


LINDSA  Y 


705 


LINNARD 


nominational  work  of  the  State  he  takes  a  promi- 
nent part,  lie  is  a  member  of  the  board  of  the 
Wisconsin  Baptist  State  Convention,  and  of  its  Ex- 
ecutive Committee,  and  he  is  its  efficient  treasurer. 

Lindsay,  Rev.  W.  C,  was  bom  in  Virj^inia  in 
1840.  He  spent  four  years  at  a  literary  and  two 
at  a  medical  college,  and  afterwards  three  in  the 
study  and  practice  of  law.  At  the  close  of  the 
war  he  resumed  the  study  of  medicine,  but  having 
"tasted  and  seen  that  the  Lord  is  good,"  "imme- 
diately lie  conferred  not  with  flesh  and  blood,"  Init 
camo  to  the  Southern  Baptist  Tli(H)logical  Seminary, 
and  spent  four  years  and  graduated 

His  first  pastorate  was  at  Wilson,  N.  C,  where 
he  had  the  society  and  warm  friendship  of  the  cele- 
brated Dr.  Hooper.  In  five  months  his  health  fixiled, 
pneumonia  contracted  in  camp  having  left  his 
lungs  in  a  diseased  condition.  Having  rested  a 
few  months,  he  took  charge  of  the  church  at  Barn- 
well Court-llouse,  when,  as  an  evidence  of  their  ap- 
preciation, they  almost  doubled  the  compensation 
they  were  accustomed  to  give.  The  young  men 
who  avoided  the  church  not  only  went,  but  con- 
tributed liberally  to  his  salary.  Five  years  in  the 
pine  belt,  as  frequently  happens,  restored  his 
health.  He  next  spent  a  year,  1870,  as  agent  for 
the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary  and 
Furman  University,  and  then  settled  in  (-olnmbia, 
S.  C,  where  he  is  now  pastor. 

Wf"  probably  has  not  an  enemy  in  the  world. 

Lindsey,  Rev.  £.  H.,  a  prominent  minister  of 
Dallas  County,  Ark.,  was  born  in  Alabama  in 
1831.  He  embraced  Christ  and  united  with  the 
Methodist  Church  in  1848,  and  was  a  preacher  in 
that  denomination  for  seven  years.  A  careful  ex- 
amination of  the  sul)jeet  of  baptism  led  to  a(diange 
of  views,  and  he  united  with  the  Baptists  in  lSr)9. 
and  in  the  following  year  was  ordained  to  the  min- 
istry, lie  came  to  Arkansas  and  settled  in  Dallas 
County,  where  he  has  remained  ever  since,  having 
served  the  following  churches  in  Dallas  and  the  ad- 
joining counties  :  Cold  Water,  ten  years  ;  Hamp- 
ton, nine  years;  Millvillc,  seven  years;  lioUj' 
Springs,  three  years;  Edinburg,  two  years  ;  Chain- 
bersville  nearly  twenty  years.  During  the  time  he 
has  baptized  about  400. 

Lineberry,  Rev.  William,  a  useful  minister  in 

the  Sandy  Creek  Association,  N.  C.  He  bad  been 
a  minister  of  the  Protestant  Methodist  Church,  but 
became  a  Baptist,  and  was  bajjtized  by  llov.  Enoch 
Crutchtield  in  1843.  He  was  agent  for  the  State 
Convention  in  1845  and  1846.     He  died  in  1875. 

Link,  Rev.  J.  B.,  was  bom  in  Rockbridge  Co., 
Va.,  .May  7,  ISliS;  converted  in  October,  1840; 
baptized  at  the  Natural  Bridge,  Va.,  in  October, 
1841  :  ordained  at  Mount  Pleasant,  Jessamine  Co., 
Ky..  in  1852,  Drs.  D.  R.  C.impbell  and  Wm.  M. 
Pratt  acting  as   the    Presbytery  ;    prosecuted  the 


four  years'  course  of  study  at  Georgetown  College, 
Ky.,  graduating  in  1853  ;  studied  theology  at,  and 
graduated  from,  Rochester  Theological  Seminary, 
after  a  two  years'  course,  in  1855  ;  pastor  of  the 
churches  at  Paris,  Ky.,  and  Liberty,  Mo.  ;  acted  as 
agent  for  William  Jewell  College  for  nearly  two 
years,  and  raised  Sl^O,000  for  that  institution  ;  en- 
tered the  Confederate  army,  spent  most  of  the  time 
as  a  chaplain  ;  went  to  Texas  as  agent  of  the  Home 
Mission  Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention, 
especially  for  army  missions.  At  the  close  of  the 
year  was  occupied  in  efforts  to  establish  the  Texas 
Bujdist  Herald.  Since  18()6  has  published  and 
edited  that  journal  with  indefatigable  energy, 
placing  it  upon  a  solid  foundation.  He  is  a  man 
of    indomitable    will    and    courage,    clear-headed, 


REV.  .r.  n.  LINK. 

patient,  wise,  and  logical.  He  has  been  a  vice- 
president  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  and 
is  now  laboring  for  the  "  Texas  Educational  Com- 
mission," in  connection  with  his  editorial  manage- 
ment of  the  Texas  Baplisl  Herald. 

Linnard,  James  M.,  was  born  ii\  September, 
1784  ;  was  baptized  about  the  year  1830,  by  Rev. 
Gideon  B.  Perry,  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Spruce 
Street  church,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  continued  in 
membership  with  this  church  until  his  death,  which 
occurred  Oct.  16,  1863.  Few  men  have  left  behind 
them  the  record  of  a  Christian  life  more  abundant 
in  the  blessed  results  of  intense  consecration  and 
large-hearted  benevolence.  Nor  do  these  results 
pertain  to  his  own  life  aloYie  ;  for  it  appears  to  be 
well  and  widely  known  that  his  example  and  inllu- 


LINSLEY 


706 


LITERATURE 


ence  were  ajicncies  divinely  employed  to  inspire 
similar  consecration  and  benevolence  among  others 
possessed  of  greater  wealth,  whose  princely  bene- 
factions still  continue  to  aid  the  advancement  of 
the  Redeemer's  kingdom.  He  was  for  many  years, 
and  up  to  the  time  of  his  death,  the  president  of 
the  'Pennsylvania  Baptist  General  Association. 
The  growth  and  usefulness  of  this  organization 
were  largely  due  to  his  love  for  Christ  and  zeal  for 
his  cause.  lie  had  a  clear,  sound  mind,  and  was 
.a  warm  friend  and  wise  counselor  in  every  depart- 
ment of  benevolent  and  religious  effort.  He  was 
one  of  three  laymen  who  have  been  moderators  of 
the  Philadelphia  Baptist  Association. 

Linsley,  Rev.  James  Harvey,  son  of  James 

and  Sarah  (Maltby)  Linsley,  was  born  in  North 
Bran  ford.  Conn.,  May  5,  1787  ;  in  1809  went  South  ; 
converted  in  1810;  taught  school  in  Cheshire, 
Conn.;  baptized  in  1811  in  North  Haven",  studied 
in  Wallingford  Academy ;  graduated  from  Yale 
College  in  1817;  taught  in  an  academy  at  New 
Haven,  also  at  New  Canaan,  also  in  a  select  school 
at  Stratford;  began  to  preach  in  1828;  ordained, 
in  1831,  as  an  evangelist,  at  Meriden ;  preached  in 
Mllford  and  Stratfield ;  in  1'835  was  delegate  to 
Triennial  Convention  in  Richmond,  Va. ;  health 
failed  in  1836  ;  went  to  Florida  ;  was  a  member  of 
Yale  Natui'al  Historical  Society,  of  Connecticut 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  of  Hartford  Nat- 
ural Historical  Society,  of  Boston  Society  of  Nat- 
ural History  ;  published  valuable  scientific  papers. 
He  died  Dec.  29,  1843,  leaving  a  precious  record  as 
a  scholar  and  as  a  Christian. ' 

Lisk,  Rev.  James,  was  born. near  Coshocton, 
O.,  Oct.  16,  1839;  was  baptized  April  27,  1855,  by 
Rev.  A.  "W.  Odor;  graduated  from  Denison  Uni- 
versity in  1862,  and  from  Rochester  Theological 
Seminary  in  1865  ;  was  ordained  in  June,  1865, 
and  settled  with  the  Second  church,  Cincinnati,  0. ; 
removed  to  Rockford,  111.,  in  1867,  and  remained 
for  two  years ;  accepted  a  call  to  hi,s  present  field 
of  labor,  the  Second  church,  Germantown,  Phila- 
delphia, and  entered  upon  his  duties  June  1,  1870. 
lie  is  an  able  and  impressive  preacher  and  a  faith- 
ful pastor,  diligent  in  personal  efforts  for  the  sal- 
vation of  souls,  and  strong  in  defense  of  "  the  fiiith 
once  delivered  to  the  saints."  He  is  actively  iden- 
tified witli  the  educational  and  missionary  work  of 
the  denomination,  and  is  conscientious  in  the  per- 
formance of  duties  assigned  to  him  in  the  manage- 
ment of  important  trusts.  In  1879  he  was  made 
moderator  of  the  Philadelphia  Baptist  Association. 
His  people,  after  worsliiping  for  years  in  a  neat 
chapel,  are  now  building  a  handsome  church  edifice. 

Literature,  Baptist. — The  list  of  authors  ii\ 

this  article  contains  the  names  of  only  a  portion  of 
the  great  body  of  Baptist  writers  ;  and  often  but  one 
book  is  mentioned  where   several  came  from   the 


same  hand;  or  three,  as  in  the  case  of  Benjamin 
Keach,  where  forty-three  were  the  fruits  of  his 
active  mind. 

THE  SACRED  TEXT  AND  WORKS  UPON  IT. 

Our  Lord  was  immersed  in  the  river  Jordan  when 
lie  reached  adult  years,  and  founded  the  Baptist  de- 
nomination. The  writers  of  the  New  Testament, 
like  the  Saviour,  were  Baptists,  whose  '"one  (mate- 
rial) baptism"  is  believer's  immersion.  In  trans-* 
lating  the  New  Testament  into  the  language  of  a 
heathen  people,  Baptists  have  always  insisted  upon 
iranslating  Ba/rriCu,  instead  of  transferring  it.  The 
first  versions  of  the  Scriptures  followed  this  plan. 
The  Peshito,  a  Syriac  version,  made  early  in  the 
second  century  for  the  Jews  in  Palestine,  renders 

7 
the  act  of  baptizing  by  the  verily    xOV  .  to  immerse. 

About  the  same  time  a  Latin  translation  was  pre- 
pared for  the  people  who  used  that  tongue.  Prob- 
ably from  this  first  version  TertuUian  quotes  the 
Saviour's  commission,  "Go,  teach  the  nations,  im- 
mersing them  in  the  name  of  the  Father,  and  of 
the  Son,  and  of  the  Holy  Spirit." — Matt,  xxviii.  19. 
(Ite,  docete  nationes,  tinguentes  eas  in  nomen 
Patris,  etc.  De  Baptismo,  cap.  13.)  In  the  next 
chapter  TertuUian  quotes  Paul's  statement,  that  he 
was  "not  sent  to  baptizcT,  but  to  preach,"  and  he 
uses  the  words  ad  tinguendum,  to  immerse,  to  de- 
scribe the  baptismal  act.  The  men  who  made  these 
earliest  translations,  like  the  inspired  writers  of  the 
New  Testament,  were  Baptists.  Jerome,  in  his  Vul- 
gate, uses  haptizQ,  instead  of  iinguo  or  immergo,  not 
because  immersion  was  abandoned,  but  on  account 
of  a  mass  of  ceremonies  that  in  his  day  burdened 
the  baptismal  rite,  authority  for  which  could  readily 
be  claimed  under  a  foreign  word,  the  meaning  of 
which  was  only  known  to  scholars.  What  was 
true  of  the  Syriac  and  Latin  versions  is  true  of 
other  primitive  translations  of  the  New  Testament ; 
and  from  these  and  other  considerations  we  claim 
the  versions  of  the  first  three  centuries  as  sub- 
stantially Baptist  productions.  Like  modern  Bap- 
tists, the  early  Christians  multiplied  versions  of  the 
Scriptures,  and  distributed  the  Word  as  widely  as 
possible.  Augustine  says,  '"  Those  who  have  trans- 
lated the^Bible  into  Greek  can  be  numbered,  but 
not  so  the  Latin  versions,  for  in  the  first  ages  of 
the  churcii  whoever  got  hold  of  a  Greek  codex  ven- 
tured to  translate  it  into  Latin,  however  slight  his 
knowledge  of  either  language." 

In  1229,  at  a  Catholic  council  held  in  Thoulouse. 
in  France,  a  canon  was  passed  prohibiting  ''laics 
from  having  the  books  of  the  Old  or  New  Testa- 
ment, unless  it  be  a  Psalter,  or  a  Breviary,  and  the 
Rosary,  and  it  does  not  permit  them  so  much  as  to 
translate  them  into  the  vulgar  tongue.'"  Du  Pin  after 
recording  the  above  adds,  "  This  restraint  was  doubt- 


IJTKIIATURE 


707 


IJTFJlATritE 


loss  founded  on  that  IVequont  abuse  which  was  made 
of  them  in  that  country."  (Eeclcs.  Hist.,  ii.  456. 
Dublin,  1724.)  This  canon  was  enacted  to  rob  our 
Baptist  Albigonsian  fathers  of  th(!  Scriptures,  parts 
of  which  they  iiad  for  a  time  in  French,  and  suljse- 
(piently  the  wiiole  of  them.  Their  version  was  a 
Baptist  work.  In  152G,  J)cnk  and  llaetzer,  two 
Anabaptists,  commenced  the  translation  of  the  He- 
brew Bible  in  Strasburg,  and  succeeded  well  with 
the  prophets,  which  were  published  early  in  the 
followinu;  year,  nearly  five  years  before  Luther's 
Bible.  The  Rev.  Henry  Jessey  had  a  translation 
of  the  Scriptures  prepared  in  1G()(),  when  the  per- 
secutions that  followed  the  accession  of  Charles  II. 
to  the  throne  of  England  rendered  its  publication 
iuipossil)le,  and  resulted  in  its  destruction. 

Dr.  William  Carey  translated  the  Scriptures  into 
Sanscrit,  Hindu,  Brijbl)hassa,  Mahratta,  Bengali, 
Oriya,  Telinga,  Karnata,  Maldivian,  (jurajattco 
Bulooshe,  Pushtoo,  Punjabi,  Kashmcer,  Assam, 
Burman,  Pali,  or  Magudlia,  Tamul,  Cingalese,  Ar- 
menian, Malay,  Hindostani,  and  Persian.  Before 
tiie  death  of  Dr.  Carey  the  mission  press  at  S(!rain- 
pore  had  sent  forth  the  Scriptures  in  forty  different 
languages  and  dialects,  the  tongues  of  330,000,000 
of  human  beings. 

Dr.  Judson  translated  the  Scriptures  into  Bur- 
mese, Dr.  Marshtnan  into  Chinese,  Dr.  Mason  into 
Sgau  Karen,  Dr.  Nathan  Brown  into  Japanese. 
Dr.  II.  F.  Buckner  translated  the  gospel  of  John 
into  the  language  of  the  Creek  Indians.  The  New 
Testament,  "  with  several  hundred  emendations," 
was  edited  by  Spencer  II.  Cone  and  William  II. 
Wyckoff.  The  American  Bible  Union,  controlled 
by  Baptists,  though  not  e.xclusively  composed  of 
them,  revised  the  entire  English  New  Testament, 
and  a  large  part  of  the  Old  ;  and  they  also  re- 
vised the  Spanish  and  Italian  New  Testaments, 
and  made  a  new  translation  into  the  Ningpo  collo- 
quial dialect  of  China.  It  may  be  added  that  the 
Bible  Union  did  much  to  create  the  public  opinion 
that  has  resulted  in  the  movement  in  England  to 
make  a  revision  of  the  Bible  of  1011.  Tlie  Rev. 
Josepli  S.  C.  F.  Frey  edited  an  edition  of  Van  Der 
Ilooght's  Hebrew  Bible. 

Dr.  John  Gill  was  the  author  of  a  commentary 
on  the  Old  and  New  Testaments,  in  nine  quarto 
volumes.  This  great  work  was  republished  in 
Philadelphia  by  a  Presbyterian  in  1819,  and  in 
Ireland  many  years  later  by  an  Episcopal  clergy- 
man. It  is  the  richest  treasury  of  Biblical  and  Ori- 
ental learning  and  of  gospel  truth  which  exists  in 
.the  form  of  a  commentary.  Dr.  John  Fawcett  was 
the  author  of  a  commentary  in  two  folio  volumes. 
The  Baptist  Publication  Society  is  preparing  a  com- 
mentary under  such  auspices  as  will  secure  the 
fruits  of  the  ripest  scholarship  and  of  the  most  re- 
cent discoveries  in  Bili!(>  lands.     Robert   Ilaldaiic 


was  the  author  of  "  Notes  on  the  Epistle  of  the 
Romans,"  and  a  work  upon  "  The  Verbal  Inspira- 
tion of  the  Scriptures."  Dr.  V.  M.  |)u  Veil,  a  eon- 
verted  Israelite,  led  to  embrace  Baptist  sentiments 
when  an  Episcopal  clergyman,  by  reading  our 
books  in  the  library  of  the  bishop  of  London,  to 
which  he  had  access,  in  lG8r>,  published  "  A  Literal 
E.xplanation  of  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles."  James 
A.  Haldane  wrote  an  "E.xposltion  of  the  Epistle  to 
the  Galatians."  Prof.  II.  J.  Ripley  prepared 
"Notes  on  the  Gospels  and  Acts,"  and  on  tho 
"Epistle  to  the  Hebrews."  Prof.  Hackett  wrote  i» 
commentary  on  the  ''  Acts  of  the  Apostles  ;"  Spur- 
g('on  has  a  connnentary  upon  the  Psalms,  called 
"The  Treasury  of  David,"  in  six  volumes.  Dr. 
Adiel  Sherwood  was  the  author  of  "  Notes  on  the 
New  Testament."  Dr.  George  W.  Clark  has  pre- 
pared "  Notes  on  the  Gospels." 

Rev.  William  Jones  was  the  author  of  "  A  Dic- 
tionary of  the  Sacred  Writings."  Dr.  Ilackct  edited 
an  American  issue  of  Smith's  "Dictionary  of  the 
Bible,"  to  the  English  edition  of  which  he  con- 
tributed thirty  articles.  John  Caniie  spent  "  more 
than  thrice  seven  years"  in  preparing  marginal 
references  for  the  English  Bible.  A  marginal 
Bible,  printed  in  1747,  now  before  the  writer,  after 
the  dedication  to  King  James,  presents  Mr.  Canne's 
"  Letter  to  the  Reader."  Dr.  Malcom's  "  Diction- 
ary of  Names,  Objects,  and  Terms  Found  in  the 
Holy  Scriptures''  has  had  a  circulation  of  nearly 
200.000. 

Dr.  Samuel  G.  Green's  "  Handbook  to  the 
Grammar  of  the  New  Testament,  Together  with 
a  Complete  Vocabulary  (Lexicon)  and  an  Exami- 
nation of  the  Chief  New  Testament  Synonyms,"  is 
a  work  of  great  learning  and  value. 

RELIGIOUS    WORKS. 

In  this  list  we  might  include  a  large  number  of 
the  books  written  by  primitive  Christians,  whose 
authors,  like  Justin  Martyr,  speak  only  of  the 
"washing  in  water,"  of  "persuaded  believers" 
(Just.  Philos.  iMart.  Apol.  I.  Pro  Christ.  Patrol, 
(iraeca  VI.  p.  240,  Migne),  or  of  trained  catechu- 
mcni.  Tertullian  in  his  orthodox  days  wrote  on 
the  mode  and  subjects  of  baptism  like  a  very  zeal- 
ous Baptist,  and  a  part  of  his  works  might  be  legiti- 
mately reckoned  to  the  credit  of  Baptists.  The 
Confession  of  St.  Patrick,  and  his  Letter  to  Caroti- 
cus,  are  Baptist  productions;  he  immersed  throngs 
of  believers  in  wells  in  various  parts  of  Ireland. 
The  Swiss  Anabaptist  Confession  of  1527.  as  far  as 
it  goes,  is  almost  entirely  in  harmony  with  modern 
Baptist  opinions.  The  religious  literature  of  this 
period,  of  tho  sober  Anabaptists  of  the  Continent 
of  Europe,  may  be  largely  claimed  by  our  denomi- 
nation to-day.  The  writings  of  Leonard  Buslior 
and  othei-s  "On  Liberty  of  Conscience,"  from  1014 


LITERATURE 


708 


LITERATURE 


to  1661.  published  by  the  Hanserd  Knollys  Society, 
nre  vigorous  Baptist  productions.  The  Confes- 
.sions,  issued  by  the  same  society,  beginning  with 
1611  and  ending  with  1689,  belong 'to  us. 

"  Tropologia,  or  a  Key  to  Open  Scripture  Meta- 
phors," and  "  Gospel  Mysteries  Unveiled,  or  an  Ex- 
position of  all  the  Parables,"  are  the  two  most 
popular  works  of  the  celebrated  Benjamin  Keach. 
The  "Exposition  of  all  the  Parables"  is  more  fre- 
quently offered  for  sale  now  in  London  catalogues 
of  second-hand  books,  than  any  of  the  works  of 
John  Howe,  Dr.  John  Owen,  or  Bishop  Jeremy 
Taylor.  John  Bunyan's  works,  in  761  royal  oc- 
tavo double-column  pages,  of  which  the  "  Pilgrim's 
Progress"  occupies  but  120,  are  not  as  well  known 
as  they  should  be,  except  "Grace  Abounding," 
*' The  Holy  War,"  and  "  The  Pilgrim's  Progress." 
Of  the  last,  we  may  truly  say  that  it  is  the  most 
popular  book  ever  written.  Until  1847  itiiad  been 
translated  into  French,  Flemish,  Dutch,  Welsh, 
Gaelic,  Irish,  Hebrew,  Spanish,  Portuguese,  Italian, 
Danish,  German,  Armenian,  Burmese,  Cingalese, 
Orissa,  Hindostani,  Bengali,  Tamul,  Mahratta, 
Canarese,  Gujaratti,  Malay,  Arabic,  Samoan,  Ta- 
hitian,  Pehuana,  Behuana,  Malagasy,  New  Zea- 
land, and  Latin ;  and  undoubtedly  it  has  been 
translated  into  several  languages  since  that  time. 
The  prose  writings  of  John  TVIilton  wei-e  numerous 
and  popular.  Some  of  these  were  political,  like 
his  first  and  second  "  Defence  ~of  the  People  of 
England;"  but  a  number  of  them  treated  of  ecclesi- 
astical questions,  like  his  "Reformation  in  Eng- 
land," his  "  Prelatical  Episcopacy,"  his  "  National 
Establishments  of  Religion,"  his  "  True  Religion, 
Heresy,  Schism,  and  Toleration  ;"  others  were  de- 
voted to  "Education,"  "The  History  of  Britain," 
and  to  miscellaneous  subjects.  .  His  Treatise  "On 
Christian  Doctrine,"  edited  by  Chai-les  R.  Sumner, 
librarian  and  historiographer  to  his  majesty,  and 
prebendiary  of  Canterbury,  and  published  in  1825, 
is  a  very  remarkable  work. _  In  it  there  are  some 
opinions  from  which  we  decidedly  dissent,  but  upon 
many  questions,  and  conspicuously  about  the  mode 
and  subjects  of  baptism,  Milton  was  a  strong  Bap- 
tist. .  "  Anti-Christ  Unmasked,"  by  Henry  Denne  ; 
"The  Necessity  for  Separation  from  the  Church 
of  England,"  by  John  Canne  •,  Delaune's  "Plea 
for  Nonconformists,"  according  to  Daniel  De  Foe. 
■"perfect  in  itself;  never  author  left  behind  him  a 
more  finished  piece  ;"  in  1739  it  had  passed  through 
seventeen  ,  editions  ;  "111  News  from  New  Eng- 
land, &c.,"  by  John  Clarke,  a  celebrated  woi-k  in 
defense  of  liberty  of  conscience. 

"  Gill's  Body  of  Divinity''  .nnd  his  other  theologi- 
cal works  are  invalual)lo.  The  works  of  Andrew 
Fuller,  in  10 12  double-column  imperial  octavo  pages, 
are  necessary  to  the  completeness  of  any  Protestant 
.theological  library.  The  works  of  Robert  Hall,  in  six 


12mo  volumes,  breathe  the  eloquence  which  made 
their  author  the  greatest  preacher  of  his  day,  and 
the  equal  of  any  orator  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  race. 
The  following  works  are  favorably  known:  Buck's 
"  Philosophy  of  Religion,"  Pendleton's  "  Christian 
Doctrines,"  "  Baptist  Doctrines,"  edited  by  C.  A. 
Jenkehs  ;  Dagg's  "  Moral  Science,"  "Evidences  of 
Christianity,"  and  "Manual  of  Theology,"  Stock's 
"Handbook  of  Revealed  Theology,"  Carson  on 
"  The  Knowledge  of  Jesus,  the  ]Most  Excellent  of  , 
the  Sciences,"  and  "  The  Providence  of  God  Un- 
folded in  the  Book  ■  of  Esther.''  The  works  of 
Archibald  McLean,  in  six  volumes,  12mo  ;  "  Help 
to  Zion's  Travelers,"  by  Robert  Hall,  Sr. ;  "  Ex- 
hortations Relating  to  Prayer  and  the  Lord's 
Sapper,"  by  Benjamin  Wallin  ;  "  First  Fruits,"  and 
"Primitive  Theology,"  by  Henry  llolcombe ;  Ed- 
mund Botsford's  "Spiritual  Voyages  ;"  "  Writings 
of  John  Leland,"  by  L.  F.  Green  ;  complete  works 
of  Abraham  Booth  ;  "  Church  Order,"  "  The  Elec- 
tion of  Grace,"  "  Internal  Call  to  the  Ministry," 
and  ''•Sermons,"  by  Isaac  Backus ;  "Treatise  on 
Various  Subjects,"  and  "  Vindication  of  Natural 
Religion,"  by  John  Brine  ;  Magowan's  "  Dialogues 
of  Devils,"  "  The  Deity  and  Atonement  of  Christ," 
by  John  Marshman  ;  the  works  of  John  II.  Ilinton, 
in  seven  volumes  12mo  ;  the  writings  of  Dr.  Francis 
Wayland,  educational,  philosophical,  and  religious  ; 
the  "  Miscellanies,"  and  "  Lectures  on  Baptist  His- 
tory," of  William  R.  Williams  ;  Angus's  "  Hand- 
book of  the  Bible,"  "  The  Power  of  the  Cross," 
by  Richard  Fuller;  "Apostolic  Church  Polity," 
by  William  Williams  ;  "  Preaching  :  its  Ideal  and 
Inner  Life,"  by  Thomas  Armitage  :  "  Preparation 
and  Delivery  of  Sermons,"  by  John  A.  Broadus  ; 
"AVhcat  from  the  Fields  of  Boaz."  by  A.  G. 
Thomas ;  "  Christian  Experience,''  by  D.  W. 
Faunce  ;  "  The  Atonement,"  by  Octavius  Winslow  ; 
"  The  Atonement,"  by  J.  A.  Haldane ;  "  Soul 
Prosperity,"  by  C.  D.  Mallary ;  "  ]\Iaxcy's  Lit- 
erary Remains,"  by  Romeo  Elton  ;  "  Lectures  on 
Biblical  Antiquities,"  by  F.  A.  Cos;  "Christ  in 
History,"  by  Robert  TurnbuU  ;  "  The  Apostolical 
Constitutions,  including  the  Canons,"  by  Irah 
Chase  ;  "  Internal  Evidences  of  Christianity,"  by 
John  Aldis  ;  "  Book  of  Worship  for  Private  Fami- 
lies." "  Tjie  Sanctuary,  Its  Claims  and  Power," 
by  W.  W.  Everts  ;  "  Pulpit  Eloquence,"  b}^  Henry 
C.  Fish;  "The  Spirit,  Policy,  and  Influence  of 
Baptists,"  by  T.  G.  Jones  ;  "  Black  Diamonds," 
"Great  Wonders  in  Little  Things,"  and  "Ocean 
Gardens,"  by  Sidney  Dyer  ;  "  A  Pedobaptist  Church 
no  Home  for  a  Baptist,''  by  R.  T.  Middleditch  ; 
••  Baptist  History,  Faith,  and  Polity,"  by  D.  B. 
Cheney;  "  Encyclopedia  of  Religious  Knowledge," 
by  J.  Newton  Brown  ;  "  Campbellism  Examined," 
by  J.  B.  Jeter ;  "  Morning  by  Morning,"  and 
"  Evening  by  Evening,"  by  C.  II.  Spurgeon  ;  "  The 


LITERATURE 


709 


LITERATURE 


Church,  its  Polity  and  Ordinances, '"  hy  II.  Harvey; 
"Baptist  Short  Method,"  Ity  Ivlward  Iliscox;  "The 
Papal  System  froiri  its  Origin  to  the  Present 
Time,"  "  A  Historical  Sketch  of  Every  Doctrine, 
Claim,  and  Practice  of  the  Church  of  Rome,"  by 
William  Cathcart ;  "  History  of  Romanism,"'  by 
John  Dowlino; ;  "  The  Pernicious  Effects  of  Infant 
Baptism,"  l)y  Norman  Fox;  "The  Philosophy  of 
Atheism  Examined  and  Compared  with  Christi- 
anity," by  B.  Godwin  ;  "  Duties  of  a  Pastor  to  his 
Church,"  by  Franklin  Wilson;  Dr.  Malcom's 
"  Travels  in  South-Eastern  Asia,"  "  A  Year's  Tour 
in  the  Holy  Land."  by  S.  D.  Phelps  ;  "  Plea  for  Bap- 
tist Principles,"  by  G.  W.  Anderson;  "Text-Book 
of  Campbollism,"  by  1).  B.  Ray;  "Text-Book  of 
Popery,"  by  J.  M.  Cramp ;  Dr.  J.  R.  Graves  is  ainonf; 
the  first  of  living  Baptist  writers,  his  last  work  is 
"Old  Landmarkism,  What  is  it?"  "Religious  De- 
nominations in  the  United  States  and  Great  Bri- 
tain," by  Joseph  Belcher  ;  "The  Creative  Week," 
and  "The  Mountain  Instruction,"  by  George  Dana 
Boardinan  ;  "  Priscilla,"  by  Joseph  Banvard  ; 
"  AVestern  Empire,  or  the  Drama  of  Human  Prog- 
ress," by  E.  L.  Magoon  ;  "  Corrective  Church  Dis- 
cipline," and  "  Parliamentary  Practice,"  by  Chan- 
cellor P.  H.  Mell. 

Sermons  in  volumes  have  been  published  very 
extensively  by  Baptists.  In  187fi,  Spurgeon  had 
issued  twenty-one  volumes.  Some  of  his  sermons 
have  been  translated  into  German,  Danish,  Swe- 
dish, French,  Italian,  and  AVelsh.  Maclaren  has 
published  sermons  which  have  been  very  popular. 
We  shall  only  add  the  following  as  authors  of 
volumes  of  sermons:  Dr.  Samuel  Stennett,  Dr. 
William  T.  Brantly,  Sr.,  Dr.  Samuel  Stillman, 
Rev.  Oliver  Hart,  and  Rev.  William  Parkinson. 

The  follow  iucj  ave  amon;/  a  lari;c  numher  of  works 
on  hapthm  and  the  Lord's  Supper:  "  Anti-Pedo- 
))aptism,"  by  John  Tombcs  (Mr.  Tombes  wrote 
fourteen  distinct  works  on  baptism)  ;  "A  Treatise 
of  Baptism,  wherein  that  of  Believers  and  that  of 
Infants  is  Examined  1)y  the  Scriptures,"  by  Henry 
D'Anvers ;  "  Anti-Pacdo-Rantism,  or  Mr.  Samuel 
Finley'a  Charitable  Plea  for  the  Speechless  Exam- 
ined and  Refuted,  the  Baptism  of  Believers  Main- 
tained, and  the  Mode  of  it  by  Immersion  Vindi- 
cated," by  Abel  Morgan,  Philadelphia,  printed  by 
B.  Franklin,  in  Market  Street,  1747;  Mr.  Einley 
was  subsequently  president  of  New  Jersey,  now 
Princeton,  College  ;  "  The  Baptism  of  John"  and 
"  Letters  on  Baptism,"  by  Thomas  Baldwin  ;  "  Pe- 
dobaptism  Examined,"  by  Abraham  Booth;  "In- 
fant Baptism  a  Part  and  Pillar  of  Popery,"  by 
John  Gill ;  "  History  of  Baptism,"  by  Robert  Rol)- 
inson  ;  "  Scripture  Guide  to  Baptism,"  by  Richard 
Pengilly  ;  Gale's  "Reflections  on  Wall's  History 
of  Infant  Baptism;"  "Baptism,  a  Term  of  Com- 
munion  at  the  Lord's  Supper,"  by  Joseph  King- 


horn  ;  "Baptism  in  its  Mode  and  Subjects,"  by 
Alexander  Carson  ;  "  Infant  Baptism  an  Invention 
of  Men,"  ))y  Irah  Cliase  ;  "  Essay  on  Christian 
Baptism,"  by  B.  W.  Noel ;  "  Baptism  and  Terms 
of  Communion,"  by  Richard  Fuller;  "  Doctrine  of 
Baptism  on  the  Principles  of  Biblical  Interpreta- 
tion," by  J.  J.  Woolsey;  "Baptism,"  by  P.  W. 
Broaddus;  "  Handljook  on  the  Mode  of  Biiptism," 
and  "Handbook  on  the  Subjects  of  Baptism,"  by 
Robert  Ingham;  "  Thcodosia  I]rnest,"  l)y  A.  C. 
Dayton;  "Grace  Truman,"  by  Mrs.  S.  R.  Ford; 
"  Baptism  and  Baptisteries,"  by  W.  Cote  ;  "  The 
Meaning  and  Use  of  Baptizcin  Philologically  and 
Historically  Investigated,"  by  T.  J.  Conant; 
Howell  on  Communion  ;  "  Immersion  Essential  to 
Christian  Baptism,"  by  John  A.  Broadus  ;  "  Cliurch 
Communion  as  Practised  by  the  Baptists,"  by  W. 
W.  Gardner  ;  "  Studies  on  the  Baptismal  Question," 
by  D.  B.  Ford  ;  "  Baptism  in  Harmony  in  the  East 
and  in  the  West,"  by  J.  C.  Long;  "The  Position 
of  Baptism  in  the  Christian  System,"  by  Henry 
H.  Tucker;  "History  of  Baptism,"  by  Isaac  T. 
Ilinton ;  "The  Act  of  Baptism,"  by  Henry  S. 
Burrage ;  "  The  Baptism  of  the  Ages  and  of  the 
Nations,"  by  Wm.  Cathcart. 

The  folhiunnij  histories  ivere  icrilten  by  Baptists: 
Reach's  "History  of  the  English  Baptists,"  Cros- 
by's "History  of  the  English  Baptists,"  Ivimey's 
"  History  of  the  English  Baptists,"  Orchard's 
"  History  of  the  English  Baptists,"  Taylor's  "His- 
tory of  the  General  Baptists,"  Robinson's  "His- 
torical Researches,"  Backus's  "  History  of  the 
Baptists,"  Cram[)'s  "Baptist  History,"  Benedict's 
"  History  of  the  Baptists,"  "  Materials  for  a  His- 
tory of  the  Baptists  in  Delaware  and  in  other 
States,"  by  Morgan  Edwards  ;  Scrapie's  "  History 
of  the  Rise  and  Progress  of  the  Baptists  in  Vir- 
ginia," Cook's  "Delaware  Baptists,"  Orciiard's 
"  History  of  Foreign  Baptists,"  "  Historical  Vin- 
dications," by  S.  S.  Cutting;  Duncan's  "History 
of  the  Baptists,"  "  The  Early  English  Biiptists," 
by  Benjamin  Evans  ;  Asplund's  "  Baptist  Regis- 
ter," Hague's  "  Historical  Discourse,"  Callender's 
"  Historical  Discourse  on  the  Civil  and  Religious 
Affairs  of  Rhode  Island  and  Providence  Planta- 
tions;"  the  materials  gathered  by  John  Comer  for 
a  history  of  American  Baptist  churches  are  of 
great  value  to  all  who  have  engaged  in  the  under- 
taking, froH)  which  death  removed  the  talented 
collector;  Curry's  "Struggles  and  Triumphs  of 
Virginia  Baptists,"  Ilayne's  "Baptist  Denomina- 
tion, its  History  and  Doctrines,"  Ford's  "Origin 
of  the  Baptists,"  Wm.  Jones's  "  Church  History," 
"Sketch  of  the  Lower  Dul)Iin,  or  Pennepek 
Church,"  by  H.  G.  Jones;  "History  of  the  First 
Baptist  Church  of  Newport,"  by  C.  E.  Barrows ; 
"Religious  Liberty  and  the  Baptists,"  by  C.  C. 
Annals    of    the    English 


LITERATURE 


710 


LITERATURE 


TJihle,"  Ray's  "Baptist  Succession,"  Mrs.  T.  J. 
€onant's  "  History  of  the  Enj;;lish  Bible,"  Curtis's 
"  Progress  of  Baptist  Principles,"  Cox's  ''  History 
of  English  Baptist  Missions,"  Gani^nel's  "  History 
of  American  Baptist  Missions,"  McCoy's  "  History 
■of  Baptist  Missions  among  American  Indians," 
"  Baptists  and  the  American  Revolution,"  by  AVm. 
Cathcart ;  '"Annals  of  the  Christian  Commission," 
by  Lemuel  Moss;  "History  of  Missions,"  by 
John  0.  Choules;  "Bunliill  Memorials,"  by  J.  A. 
Jones ;  Bunhill  is  the  London  cemetery  for  Dis- 
senters, where  the  ashes  of  Bunyan  repose; 
■"  Manning  and  Brown  University,"  by  Reuben  A. 
•Guild;  "The  Baptist  Encyclopasdia,"  edited  by 
William  Cathcart. 

BIOGRAPHIES. 

"Life  of  Colonel  Hutchinson,  '  written  by  his 
"widow  Lucy  ;'  "  Ivimey's  "  Life  of  John  Milton;" 
"Life  of  Henry  Dunster,"  first  president  of  Har- 
vard College,  by  Jeremiah  Chaplin;  "Life  of 
William  KifEn,"  by  Joseph  Ivimey ;  "Virginia 
Baptist  Ministers,"  by  J.  B.  Taylor;  Hovey's 
•"  Life  and  Times  of  Isaac  Backus ;"  Lives  of  Roger 
Williams,  by  J.  D.  Knowles,  Romeo  Elton,  Wil- 
liam Gammel,  and  Benjamin  Evans  ;  Wallin's 
"  Life  of  Dr.  John  Gill,"  Wilkin's  "  Life  of  Joseph 
Kinghorn,"  Gregory's  "Life  of  Robert  Hall," 
Tuller's  "  Life  of  Samuel  PearCe,"  "  JMemoirs  of 
Mrs.  Ann  Hasseltine  Judson,"  by  J.  D.  Knowles ; 
■"  Memoir  of  Dr.  Judson,"  by  Francis  Wayland ; 
^'  Memoir  of  Dr.  Wayland,"  by  F.  and  H.  L.  Way- 
land  ;  a  "  Biographical  Sketch  of  Sir  Henry  Have- 
lock,"  by  AVilliani  Brock;  "Life  of  Mrs.  Lydia 
Malcom,"  by  H.  Malconi;  "Life  of  Jesse  Mercer," 
by  C.  D.  Mallary;  "Life  of  Luther  Rice,"  by 
■Jivines  B.  Taylor ;  "  Life  and  Times  of  James  B. 
Taylor,"  by  George  B.  Taylor;  "  Life  and  Writings 
of  Robert  Robinson,"  by  George  Dyer;  "Life  of 
Joseph  Stentiett,"  by  D.  Turner  ;  "  Memoirs  of  Mrs. 
Theodosia  Dean."  by  Pharcellus  Church  ;  "  Life  of 
Rev.  Duncan  Dunbar,"  by  Jeremiah  Chaplin  ;  "  Life 
of  AVilliam  Knibb,"  by  J.  Howard  Hinton  ;  "Life 
of  Rev.  Thomas  Burchcll,"  by  W.  F.  Burchell  ; 
"  Life  of  Dr.  Eugenio  Kincaid,"  by  Alfred  Patton  ; 
"Life  of  Joseph  Ivimey,"  by  George  Pritchard ; 
"  Life  of  Dr.  Richard  Fuller,'"'  by  J.  II.  Cuthbert ; 
"  Life  of  Mrs.  Shuck,"  "  Life  of  Andrew  Broaddus," 
and  "  Life  of  Daniel  Witt,"  by  J.  B.  Jeter ;  "  Life 
of  Joiin  Thomas,"  by  C.  B.  Lewis,  the  first  Baptist 
who  preached  the  gospel  in  India;  "  Tiio  Life  of 
John  Bates,"  by  Justin  A.  Smith  ;  "  Memoir  of 
Andrew  Fuller,"  by  A.  G.  Fuller;  "Memoir  of 
Dr.  William  Stoughton,"  by  S.  W.  Lynd  ;  "Life 
and  Correspondence  of  John  Foster,"  by  J.  E. 
Ryland  ;  Lives  of  Carey,  Marshman,  and  Ward,  by 
J.  C.  Marshman  ;  "  Life  of  John  P.  Crozor,"  hy 
J.  Wheaton  Smith  ;  "  Life  of  Dr.  Joseph  II.  Keu- 


nard,"  by  J.  Spencer  Kennard  ;  "  Life  of  Spencer 
II.  Cone,  D.D.,"  by  Edward  and  S.  W.  Cone  ;  "  Au- 
tobiography of  John  Gano,'"  "  Memoir  of  Dr.  Baron 
Stow,"  by  J.  C.  Stockbridge ;  "  Life  of  Mrs.  E.  C. 
Judson,"  by  A.  C.  Kendrick ;  "Memoir  of  Gov- 
ernor George  ]V.  Briggs,"  by  W.  C.  Richards; 
"  Life  of  Jolin  xM.  Peck,  D.D.,"  by  Rufus  Bab- 
cock ;  "Life  of  William  Colgate."  by  W.  AV.  Ev- 
erts ;  "  Life  of  Joseph  G.  Binney,  D.D.,"  by  Mrs. 
J.  G.  Binney. 

GENERAL  LITERARY  WORKS. 
Ilanserd  Knollys  wrote  a  Hebrew,  Latin,  and 
English  grammar  ;  Dr.  Carey  a  Mahratta  grammar, 
a  Sanscrit  grammar  extending  over  a  thousand 
quarto  pages,  a  Punjabi  grammar,  a  Telinga  gram- 
mar, and  a  Mahratta  dictionary,  a  Bengali  dic- 
tionary, and  a  Bhotanta  and  a  Sanscrit  dictionary. 
Dr.  Judson  made  a  Burmese  dictionary',  and  Dr. 
Mason  a  Pali  grammar.  Dr.  J.  Wa(Je  was  the  au- 
thor of  a  Karen  dictionary,  and  Dr.  H.  F.  Buckner 
prepared  a  grammar  of  the  Language  of  the  Creek 
Indians.  The  "  Essays"  of  John  Foster  are  among 
the  finest  productions  in  the  literature  of  our 
tongue.  Sir  James  Mackintosh  justly  describes 
their  author  as  "  one  of  the  most  profound  and 
eloquent  writers  that  England  has  produced."  Dr. 
Gill's  "  Antiquity  of  the  Hebrew  Language,  Let- 
ters, Vowel  Points,  and  Accents"  has  been  pro- 
perly represented  "  as  a  masterly  efibrt  of  profound 
research,  which  would  have  shown  Dr.  Gill  to  be  a 
prodigy  of  learning,  of  reading,  and  of  literature 
had  he  never  published  a  syllable  on  any  other 
subject."  "  Orators  and  Oratory"  is  one  of  several 
able  works  from  the  pen  of  William  Matthews, 
LL.D.  John  M.  Gregory,LL.D.,  wrote  "  A  Hand- 
book of  History."  Dr.  Jlason  wrote  "Burmah, 
its  People  and  Natural  Productions,  or  Notes  on 
the  Natives,  Fauna,  Flora,  and  Jlinerals,  &c. :" 
F.  S.  Dobbins,  "  False  Gods;"  James  De  Mille, 
"  The  Dodge  Club  ;"  John  Ash,  LL.D..  "  A  Gram- 
mar and  Dictionary  of  tiie  English  Language;" 
Rev.  F.  Dehison,  the  "  History  of  the  First  Rhode 
Island  Cavalry,"  and  the  "  History  of  the  Third 
Rhode  Island  Heavy  Artillery;"  Col.  C.  II.  Banes, 
the  "  History  of  the  Philadelphia  Brigade ;"  Dr. 
James  T.  Champlin,  a  "  Text-Book  of  Intellectual 
Philosophy."  Prof.  Cleveland  Abbe  for  ten  years 
lias  been  meteorologist  of  the  bureau  of  the  army 
signal  office,  in  which  he  compiles  the  published 
weather  probabilities,  the  storm  signals,  monthly 
reviews,  and  international  bulletin.  lie  has  made 
numerous  contributions  to  the  American  Journal 
of  Science,  Monthly  Koiices,  Royal  Astronomical 
Society,  the  Smithsonian  Annual  Reports,  and  to 
Appleton's  and  Johnson's  Encyclopoedias.  Rev. 
John  Howard  Hinton  wrote  a  "  History  of  the 
United  States ;''  Lieut.-Gov.  Arnold,  a  "  History 


LITEUATURE 


•11 


LITERATURE 


of  Rhode  Island  ;"  Dr.  Joseph  Angus,  "  The  Hand- 
book of  the  Knglish  Tongue,"  "  The  Handbook  of 
English  Literature,"  and  "  SpecinK^ns  of  English 
Literature;"  Dr.  Hackett  translated  Winer's 
dialdc^e  Grainniar  and  pulilishcd  his  own  exer- 
cises in  Hebrew  grammar  ;  Dr.  Benjamin  Davies 
prepared  a  ''Student's  Grammar"  and  a  "Stu- 
dent's Lexicon"'  of  the  Hebrew  language;  Dr.  T. 
J.  Conant  translated  Gesenius's  Hebrew  grainmar, 
wiiich  lie  enlarged  and  improved  ;  this  work  is  now 
tlie  standard  of  the  schools  in  America  and  Europe. 
Joseph  S.  C.  F.  Frey  was  the  author  of  a  Hebrew 
grammar,  the  ninth  American  edition  of  which 
appeared  in  1835;  he  also  compiled  a  Hebrew  lex- 
icon. Dr.  Leecliman  wrote  a  work  on  logic.  Prof. 
Noah  K.  Davis  has  published  '•  The  Theory  of 
Thought,  a  Treatise  on  Deductive  Logic;"  and 
President  D.  J.  Hill  has  issued  '"  The  Elements  of 
lliietoric"  and  "  The  Science  of  lllietoric."  Dr. 
K.  Brooks,  in  "Baptists  and  the  National  Centen- 
ary," says,  "  Dr.  AVilliam  Stoughton  prepared  an 
edition  of  Virgil,  which  had  extensive  use  in  his 
day.  Adonirain  -Judson  published  an  English  gram- 
mar before  lie  turned  iiis  attention  to  the  Christian 
ministry.  Dr.  Francis  Wayland  was  the  author  of 
very  popular  treatises  on  moral  science,  intellectual 
philosophy,  and  political  economy.  Dr.  A.  C.  Ken- 
drick  has  publislied  introductory  text-books  in 
Greek  and  an  edition  of  '  Xenophon"s  Anabasis;' 
Dr.  Hackett,  'Plutarch  on  tiic  Delay  of  the  Deity 
in  Punishing  the  Guilty  ;'  Dr.  John  L.  Lincoln 
edited  Livy  and  Horace.  Dr.  J.  R.  Boise  has 
given  to  the  public  seven  volumes  of  Greek  text- 
books, and  Dr.  Albert  Harkncss  eight  volumes  of 
Latin  text-books  and  one  of  Greek.  Dr.  J.  T. 
Ciiamplain  lias  published  a  large  number  of  school- 
books,  including  treatises  on  ethics  and  intellec- 
tual philosophy,  and  editions  of  Demosthenes  and 
.^schines.  Dr.  J.  R.  Loomis  is  the  author  of 
treatises  on  geology,  anatomy,  and  physiology. 
Dr.  S.  S.  Greene  has  published  a  series  of  English 
grammars;  Prof  S.  1*.  Satiford,  a  series  of  arith- 
metics ;  Prof.  J.  F.  Stoddard,  a  series  of  arithmetics 
and  algebras ;  and  Dr.  Edward  OIney,  a  series  of 
mathematical  text-books,  covering  the  whole  ground 
ofsciiool  and  college  study.  Dr.  J.  H.Hanson  has 
edited  two  volumes  of  the  Latin  authors  usually 
read  in  preparation  for  college.  Dr.  G.  AV.  San- 
son! is  the  author  of  a  volume  on  art  criticism  ; 
Dr.  S.  H.  Carpenter,  of  an  Anglo-Saxon  grammar ; 
and  Prof.  James  G.  Clark,  of  a  treatise  on  the 
'Differential  and  Integral  Calculus;'  Dr.  A.  A. 
Gould  was  associated  with  Agassiz  in  preparing  a 
ti-eatisc  on  geology;"  and  Prof.  S.  M.  Shute,  D.D., 
"A  Manual  of  Anglo-Saxon,  comprising  a  Gram- 
mar, Reader,  and  Glossary.'' 

Tlie  amount  of  secular  literature  coming  from 
the  intellect  and   the   learning  of  Baptists   is  im- 


mense.    They  have  written  a  multitude  of  books, 
and  control  many  influential  secular  newspapers. 

POETICAL  WORKS. 
"  Paradise  Lost,"  by  John  Milton  ;  Miss  Ann 
Steele's  "  Hymns  and  Poems"  were  published  in 
tliree  volumes  in  1780.  Dr.  John  Fawceft  was  the 
author  of  l-'ifi  hymns  which  were  printed  in  1782. 
Benjamin  Beddomc  wrote  many  precious  hymns: 
Benjamin  Walleii,  a  book  of  hymns,  pul)lished  in 
175U;  Samuel  Medley,  a  work  with  232  hymns; 
John  Fellows,  a  book  vrith  55  hymn^.  Turner's 
"  Divine  Songs,  Hymns,  and  Other  Poems"  were 
published  in  1748.  Joseph  Swain  wrote  12'J  iiyinns, 
which  were  issued  in  1792.  Samuel  Stennett  fur- 
nished 40  hymns  to  Dr.  Rippon  in  1787  for  his 
"  Selection."  Edward  Mote  published  a  "  Selection" 
of  hymns  in  1797,  108  of  which  were  written  by 
himself;  and  Dr.  Edmund  Turney  wrote  "Baptis- 
mal Harmonies,"  containing  36  hymns  and  chants; 
Richard  Furman  was  the  author  of  '"  Pleasures  of 
Piety,  and  Otiior  J'oems  ;"  but  no  consid(M-able  part 
of  our  poetical  treasures  can  be  recorded  in  this 
article ;  with  Dr.  S.  F.  Smith,  Hon.  Charles  Thurber, 
Prof.  J.  II.  Gilmorc,  Dr.  Robert  Lowry,  Dr.  Sidney 
Dyer,  and  others  among  the  living,  and  INIilton  and 
a  large  number  among  the  dead,  we  have  great 
reason  to  bless  God  for  our  gifts.  (See  article  on 
Hymns  .\nd  their  Authors.) 

SUNDAY-SCHOOL    LITERATURE. 

The  American  Baptist  Publication  Society  has 
1326  works  on  its  list,  of  which  444  are  for  Sun- 
day-school libraries.  The.'ie  were  written  with 
great  (!are  and  aliilify.  Many  others  have  Ijeen 
issued  by  private  publishers  in  different  sections  of 
our  country.  In  foreign  lands  Baptists  are  equally 
interested  in  providing  religious  books  for  tlie 
young,  and  the  efforts  which  they  have  used  for 
tiiis  object  have  been  attended  with  great  success. 

In  periodicals  for  the  religious  instruction  of  tlie 
young  the  Baptists  have  shown  great  enterprise. 
The  Young  Reaper  is  probably  the  most  popular 
paper  in  existence  ;  its  pages  are  eagerly  read  by 
hundreds  of  thousands.  Our  Young  People,  in- 
tended for  the  period  between  childhood  and  adult 
years,  is  edited  with  great  aliility,  and  has  a  large 
circulation.  The  Baptist  Publication  Society  has  a 
list  of  periodicals,  only  two  of  which  we  have  named, 
whose  pages  show  remarkable  adaptation  to  the  vari- 
ous stages  of  childhood  and  youth  for  which  tliey 
are  intended.  The  7'cac/ter,  designed  to  benefit  the 
young  through  their  instructors,  is  one  of  tlie  best- 
Sunday-school  papers  in  existence.  Kind  ll'ords, 
issued  by  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  is  a 
great  blessing  to  throngs  of  the  young.  Baptists 
of  all  nationalities  have  numbers  of  religious  papers 
for  the  enlijihtcnment  of  the  risini:  generation. 


LITERATURE 


712 


LITERATURE 


AMERICAN    PERIODICALS. 


Name. 


Advanced  Bible  Lesson  Quarterly.. 

Alabama  Baptist,  The 

American  Baptist  Flaj^ ' 

American  Baptist,  Tlie 

American  Baptist  Year-Book 

Baptist,  Tlie 

Baptist  Banner , 

Baptist  Banner 

Baptist  Beacon,  The 

Baptist  Courier,  The 

Baptist  Family  Magazine 

■Baptist  Journal,  The 

Baptist  Missionary  Magazine 

Baptist  I'ioneer,  The 

Baptist  Record,  Tlie 

Baptist  Reflector,  The 

Baptist  Review,  The 

Baptist  Signal 

Baptist  Teacher 

Baptist  Weekly,  The , 

Biblical  Recorder 

Bible  Lesson  Monthly 

Canadian  Baptist,  The 

Canadian  Missionary  Link 

Central  Baptist,  The 

Children's  Picture  Lesson 

Christian  Helper 

Christian  Index,  The 

Christian  Messenger,  The ; 

Christian  Monitor,  The 

Christian  Repository 

Cliristian  Secretary 

Christian  Visitor 

Der  Muntere  Saeman  (German).... 

Der  Seudbote  (German) 

Die  Sonntags  Freude 

Der  Wegweiser 

Evangel,  The 

Evangel,  The  Arkansas 

Evangelisk  Tidskrift 

Examiner  and  Chronicle,  The 

Foreign  Journal 

Georgia  Baptist,  The 

Helping  Hand 

Heiald  of  Truth 

Intermediate  Lesson  Quarterly 

Journal  and  Messenger 

Kind  Words 

Le  Moniteur 

Michigan  Cliristian  Herald 

Missionary  Baptist 

National  Baptist,  The 

National  Monitor,  The ; 

National  Watchman 

New. Jersey  Baptist,  The 

Our  Little  Ones 

Our  Yonng  People 

Picture  Lesson  Cards 

Religious  Herald 

Standard,  The 

Texas  Baptist,  The 

Texas  Baptist  Herald 

Vermont  Baptist,  The 

Watchman,  The 

Watch  Tower,  The 

Western  Recorder 

Young  Reaper ; 

Y  Wawr  (Welsh) 

Zion's  Advocate 


Editob. 


Dr.  C.  R.  Blackall 

E.  T.  Winkler,  D.D 

D.  B.  Ray,  D.D 

A.  C.  Caperton,  D.D 

Rev.  J.  G.  Walker 

J.  R.  Graves,  LL.D 

James  I.  Morris 

Rev.  W.  P.  Throgmorton.... 

Rev.  W.  J.  Crawford 

Rev.  A.  W.  Lainar 

J.  Eugene  Keed 

Rev.  A.  R.Griggs 

S.  F.  Smith,  D.D 

W.  H.  McAlpine 

Rev.  J.  B.  Gambrell 

J.  B.  Chevis 

J.  R.  Baumes,  D.D 

J.  J.  Spelman 

P.  S.  Henson,  D.D 

A.  S.  Patton,  D.D 

Rev.  C.  T.  Bailev 

Rev.  J.  W.  Willmarth 

Wm.  Muir , 

Mrs.  H.  J.  Rose 

Wm.  Ferguson 

Mrs.  M.  G.  Kennedy 

H.  E.  Buclian,  M.D 

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S.  Seldon  

Dr.  D.  M    Breaker 

S.  H.  Ford,  LL.D 

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Rev.  J.  E.  Hopper 

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Rev.  J.  T.  Prior 

B.  R.  Womask 

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E.  Bright,  D  D 

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T.  Amyrauld 

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C.  C.  Dickinson 

H.  L.  Wayland,  D.D 

Rev.  R.  L.  Perry 

Howard  Bunts,  Jr 

John  W.  Moody 

Dr.  C.  R.  Blackall 

A.  J.  Rowland,  D.D 

Mrs.  M.  G.  Kennedy....... 

A.  E.  Dickinson,  D.D 

Prof.  H.  H.  Harris,  D.D.. 

J.  A.  Smith,  D.D , 

Rev.  R.  C.  Buckner 

J.  U.  Link,  D.D 

Rev.  J.  K.  Richardson.... 

Lucius  E.  Smith,  D.D 

J.  W.  Olmstead,  D.D , 

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BRITISH    PERIODICALS. 

The  Baptist  Handbook,  yearly  ;  The  Baptist  Al- 
manac, yearly  ;  The  Baptist  Year-Book  and  Alma- 
nac, yearly  ;  The  General  Baptist  Almanac,  yearly ; 
Spurgeon's  Illustrated  Almanac,  yearly  ;  The  Quar- 
terlij  Reporter  of  the  German  Baptist  Mission,  quar- 
terly ;  Baptist  Macjazine,  monthly  ;  Baptist  Mes- 
senger, monthly  ;  The  Church,  monthly  ;  General 
Baptist  Magazine,  monthly ;  Earthen  Vessel, 
monthly  ;  Gospel  Herald  and  Voice  of  Truth, 
monthly;  Missionary  Herald,   monthly;    Jucenile 


Missiona')-y  Ha-ald,  monthly  ;  Sword  and  Trowel, 
monthly  ;  The  Irish  Baptist  Magazine,  monthly  5 
The  Freeman,  weekly  ;   The  Baptist,  weekly. 

WELSH. 
The  Welsh  Baptist  Handbook,  yearly  ;    F  Greal 
( The  Magazine),  monthly  ;  YrAthraic  ( The  Teacher), 
monthly;    Cydyinaith    Y  Plenty n    (Child's   Com- 
panion), monthly,    Seren  Cymru   [Star  of  Wales) 

weekly. 

SCOTLAND. 

The  Scottish  Baptist  Magazine,  monthly. 


LITTLEFIELD 


713 


LOFTON 


Littlefield,  Gov.  Alfred  Henry,  was  born  in 

Scituate,  11.  I.,  April  2,  l.Sii'.t.  Several  of  liLs  an- 
cestors occupied  prominent  positions  in  the  admin- 
istration of  the  civil  affairs  of  Rhode  Island,  lie 
was  one  of  a  family  of  eleven  children.  In  the 
sprinjT  of  18.51  he  entered  into  partnership  with  his 
brother.  The  business  of  tlu;  firm  was  so  success- 
ful that  it  has  become  one  of  the  most  prominent 
in  the  State.  Gov.  Littlefield  had  an  appointment 
in  the  civil  war  as  brigade  quartermaster  on  the 
staff  of  Brig.-Gen.  0.  Arnold,  and  in  various  ways 
rendered  efficient  aid  to  the  government,  and  ex- 
tended his  sympathy  and  pecuniary  help  to  the 
families  of  the  soldiers,  lie  has  tilled,  and  con- 
tinues to  fill,  important  positions  in  different  cor- 
porations in  Pawtucket,  R.  1.  He  has  represented 
the  town  of  Lincoln  in  both  branches  of  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly.  He  was  chosen  governor  in  1880. 
Gov.  Littlefield  is  an  habitual  attendant  on  the 
ministrj'  of  Rev.  George  Bullen,  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Pawtucket,  of  which  his 
wife  is  a  monil)er. 

Lloyd,  Rev.  W.  B.,  the  oldest  Baptist  minister 
in  Mississippi,  was  born  in  Georgia  in  1809 ;  be- 
came a  Baptist  in  1825,  and  at  once  began  to 
preach  ;  was  ordained  the  following  year.  He  set- 
tled in  Nosube  Co.,  Miss.,  in  1830,  where  he  en- 
gaged actively  in  the  ministry.  He  was  an  able 
preacher  and  a  successful  revivalist,  having  bap- 
tized about  3000  persons  during  the  fifty-five  years 
of  his  ministry. 

Lloyd,  Rev.  W.  S.,  was  born  in  Hyde  Co.,  N.  C, 
Feb.  27,  1811  ;  ordained  in  South  Carolina  in  1835 ; 
educated  in  Furman  University,  in  both  the  literary 
and  theological  courses.  After  a  useful  ministry 
often  years  in  that  State,  he  settled  in  Macon  Co., 
Ala.,  in  1845,  where  he  remained  until  his  death. 
Soon  attracting  general  attention,  he  became  one  of 
the  most  popular  and  useful,  as  he  was  one  of  the 
most  gifted  ministers  in  the  State.  A  striking 
form,  excellent  social  qualities,  with  the  spirit  of  a 
Christian,  he  made  friends  of  all  with  whom  he 
came  in  contact.  His  churches  were  among  a 
wealthy  and  highly-cultivated  people.  He  fell 
dead  in  the  pulpit  in  the  midst  of  one  of  his  elo- 
quent sermons,  at  Mount  Meigs,  Ala.,  at  eleven 
o'clock  on  Sabbath,  March  12,  1854.  Rev.  W.  E. 
Lloyd,  of  Auburn,  one  of  the  best  preachers  in 
Alabama,  is  his  son,  possessing  many  of  the  striking 
and  noble  traits  of  his  brilliant  father. 

Locke,  Rev.  Jacob,  an  able  and  useful  preacher 
of  tlie  Old  Green  River  Association  in  Kentucky, 
was  born  in  Berkeley  Co.,  Va..  about  1768.  He  re- 
moved to  Mercer  Co.,  Ky.,  in  1789,  and  subse- 
quently to  Barren  County  of  that  State  about  1799. 
Here  he  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  in  1801,  and 
became  pastor  of  the  Mount  Tabor  Baptist  church 
in  1803,  besides  supplying  several  other  churches. 
46 


Mr.  Locke  was  a  man  of  wisdom,  piety,  and  zeal. 
He  was  the  leading  man  in  planting  and  establish- 
ing the  young  churches  and  guiding  their  associa- 
tional  councils.  He  was  moderator  of  Green  River 
Association  for  more  than  twenty  years,  and  then 
of  Liberty  Association  from  its  constitution  until 
his  death,  which  oc('urred  Jan.  18,  1<S45. 

Lofton,  George  Augustus,  L.D.,  pastor  of  tlic 

Third  Baptist  church,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  was  born 
Dec.  25,  1839,  in  Penola  Co.,  Miss.  He  finished 
his  education  in  1859-60  at  Mercer  University. 
It  was  his  purpose  to  enter  the  Methodist  min- 
istry, but  in  1859,  from  the  study  of  the  Greek 
New  Testament,  he  was  convinced  of  the  Scrip- 
turaliicss  of  Baptist  views,  and  was  immersed  into 


GEORGE    Al'GUSTL'S    I.OKTOX,  D.IJ. 

the  fellowship  of  the  Second  Baptist  church,  At- 
lanta, Ga.  In  1861  he  entered  the  service  of  the 
Confederacy,  and  continued  through  the  war  as  an 
officer  of  artillery.  He  entered  the  Baptist  minis- 
try at  Americus,  Ga.,  in  1868  ;  and  since  that  time 
Dr.  Lofton  has  served  as  pastor,  principally,  the 
Baptist  church  at  Dalton,  Ga.,  the  First  Baptist 
church  at  Memphis,  Tenn.,  and  the  Third  Baptist 
church  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.  These  churches  have  all 
flourished  under  his  care,  numerically,  spiritually, 
financially,  and  socially.  He  has  baptized  some 
600  converts  in  his  churches ;  and  he  is  regarded 
as  a  devoted,  able,  and  successful  pastor,  a  sound 
and  practical  preacher,  an  indefatigable  worker,  a 
friend  to  the  poor,  a  popular  speaker.  Besides 
many  articles  and  sermons  for  the  periodical  press, 
he  has  written  and  published  some  bound  volumes, 


LONG 


714 


LOO  MIS 


which  have  received  favorable  criticism,  and  which 
indicate  culture  and  originality.  He  is  in  the 
prime  of  life,  and  has  the  promise  of  many  years 
of  usefulness.  He  and  his  present  charge  are  in 
close  bonds  of  sympathy,  and  are  co-operating  most 
successfully  in  religious  work  of  all  kinds  in  St. 
Louis,  in  the  State,  and  in  the  regions  beyond. 
Thoroughly  evangelical,  Dr.  Lofton  leads  any 
church  he  serves  as  pastor  in  the  most  efBcient 
methods  of  work,  and  into  the  widest  fields  of  use- 
fulness. He  served  faithfully  and  suffered  greatly 
through  the  yellow  fever  scourge  of  1873  in  Mem- 
phis ;  and  in  1875  he  led  his  brethren  in  the  cen- 
tennial effort  to  endow  the  Southwestern  Baptist 
University  at  Jackson,  Tenn.  He  was  also  presi- 
dent for  two  years  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Pub- 
lication Society,  located  at  Memphis.  Dr.  Lofton 
is  especially  prominent  and  well  known  in  the 
South,  and  he  is  rapidly  acquiring  a  national  repu- 
tation. , 

Long,  Rev.  F.  M.,  traces  his  ancestry  to  the 
"  Mayflower"  and  Plymouth  Rock.^  He  was  born 
Sept.  30,  1839,  in  East  Tennessee,  where  he  was 
converted.  He  was  baptized  in  Macoupin  Co.,  111., 
licensed  in  1864,  ordained  in  1865  by  the  Honey 
Creek  church,  and  preached  with  great  success  for 
ten  years  in  Madison,  Bond,  and  Montgomery 
Counties,  111.  In  1874  he  removed  to  Oregon,  and 
has  since  then  been  connected  with  the  Oak  Creek 
church,  giving  occasional  aid  to  the  Providence, 
North  Palestine,  and  Lacreole  chm-ches.  He  is  an 
earnest,  doctrinal  extem.pore  preacher,  and  is  one 
of  the  most  logical  reasoners  in  the  Oregon  pulpit. 
He  does  not  put  himself  forward,  but  when  called 
out  carries  all  hearts  with  him.  A  diligent  stu- 
dent and  active  pastor,  he  deserves  the  love  of  the 
brethren  and  the  churches,  which  he  possesses  to 
an  unusual  degree. 

Long,  Prof.  J.  C,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in 
Campbell  Co.,  Va.,  Nov.  28,  ,1833 ;  graduated  at 
Richmond  College  in  June,  1856.  The  month  fol- 
lowing his  graduation  he  was  appointed  tutor  in 
the  college,  but  resigned  at  the  close  of  the  first 
session ;  was  ordained  in  Grace  Street  church, 
Richmond,  Va.,  July  5,  1857.  In  the  summer  of 
1857  he  was  elected  teacher  in  the  Florida  State 
Seminary,  and  held  the  position  for  one  year  in 
connection  with  the  pastorate  of  the  Tallahassee 
church.  lie  then  became  pastor  of  the  Cumber- 
land Street  church,  Norfolk,  Va.,  and  remained 
until  1861,  when  the  relationship  was  broken  up 
by  the  wa^.  From  1861-65  he  resided  in  Gooch- 
land Co.,  Va.,  and  during  part  of  the  year  1863 
was  teacher  of  a  school  in  Danville,  Va.  He  sub- 
sequently became  pastor  of  the  Fine  Creek  and 
Mount  Tabor  churches.  From  1866-68  he  was  pas- 
tor of  the  Scottsville  and  Hardware  churches  in 
Albemarle  County.     In  1868  he  became  pastor  of 


the  church  at  Charlottesville,  Va.,  where  he  re- 
mained urjtil  April,  1875,  when  he  was  elected 
Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History  in  the  Crozer 
Theological  Seminary.  In  this  position  he  con- 
tinues to  render  valuable  service  to  the  cause  of 
ministerial  education.  He.  received  the  degree  of 
D.D.  from  Richmond  College  in  1872,  and  that  of 
LL.D.  from  Baylor  University  in_1880. 

Dr.  Long  is  a  man  of  ripe  scholarship,  unas- 
suming manners,  and  most  genial  social  accom- 
plishments. His  writings  evince  the  results  of 
long-continued  and  patient  research,  and  display 
his  marked  ability  to  interpret  the  facts  of  history 
in  their  relation  to  the  church  of  Christ.  His  ser- 
mons are  rich  in  the  clear,  simple,  and  devout  ex- 
position of  the  Word  of  God. 

Long,  Ximrod,  a  banker,  merchant,  and  manu- 
facturer, was  born  in  Logan  Co.,  Ky.,  July  31,  1814. 
At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  went  to  Russellville,  the 
seat  of  justice  of  his  native  county,  and  entered  a 
store  as  clerk.  Three  years  afterward^  he  became 
a  partner  in  the  house.  In  a  short  time  the  senior 
partner  .died,  and  Mr.  Long  took  his  brother  into 
the  partnership.  They  were  verj^  successful.  After 
some  years  Mr.  N.  Long  withdrew  from  the  busi- 
ness, and  became  a  commission  merchant,  and 
afterwards  established  the  banking-house  of  X. 
Long  &  Co.,  and  in  1870  built  the  largest  flouring- 
mill  in  the  State.  This,  like  all  his  enterprises, 
proved  a  success,  and  Mr.  Long  is  now  a  wealthy 
capitalist.  He  became  a  member  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Russellville  in  early  life,  and  has  used 
his  business  talent  and  growing  capital  for  the 
cause  of  Christ  with  rare  liberality.  He  was  or- 
dained a  deacon  of  his  church  in  1832,  was  made 
its  ti-easurer  in  1838,  and  has  for  many  years  been 
superintendent  of  the  Sunda:y-school.  He  has  been 
the  leading  spirit  in  founding  and  endowing  Bethel 
College,  one  of  the  best  and  most  flourishing  insti- 
tutions of  the  West.  After  contributing  largely  to 
the  erection  of  its  buildings,  he  endowed  the  chair 
of  English,  known  as  the  N.  Long  professorship. 
In  1870  he  conceived  the  idea  of  boarding  students 
at  actual  cost,  and,  to  carry  it  out,  caused  the  erec- 
tion of  the  N.  Long  Boarding  Hall,  capable  of  ac- 
commodating 100  students.  He  has  also  been  a 
liberal  patron  of  Georgetown  College  and  other  in- 
stitutions of  learning  in  his  denomination. 

Longley,  Avard,  M.P.,  was  bom  in  Wilmot, 
Annapolis  County,  Nova  Scotia  ;  is  a  member  of  the 
Wilmot  Baptist  church  ;  represents  the  county  of 
Annapolis  in  the  Parliament  of  Canada.  Mr. 
Longley  has  been  much  in  political  life;  is  a  gov- 
ernor of  Acadia  College,  a  strong  advocate  for  pro- 
hibition of  all  intoxicating  liquors,  and  a  friend  of 
all  denominational  enterprises. 

Loomis,  Rev.  Ebenezer,  was  born  in  1794; 
baptized  in  1809  ;  preached  first  in  Tolland  Court- 


LOO  MIS 


715 


LOO  MIS 


House,  Conn.,  in  1821  ;  ordained  in  New  London, 
Conn.;  labored  as  pastor,  exploring  a<;cnt,  and  evan- 
gelist in  Richfield,  Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y. ;  First  New- 
ark, N.  J. ;  Hudson,  N.  Y. ;  Springville,  Boston, 
and  Evans,  Western  New  York ;  Detroit,  China, 
and  Coldwater,  Mich. ;  Cincinnati,  0. ;  North 
Lyme ;  First  Colchester,  Brooklyn ;  First  North 
Stoningtoti,  Preston,  and  Killingly,  Conn. ;  Fre- 
donia,  N.  Y. ;  finally  Bradford  Co.,  Pa.;  gifted, 
scholarly,  amiable,  devoted ;  gave  thousands  of 
dollars  to  churches,  to  Connecticut  Literary  Insti- 
tution, and  to  the  missionary  press  in  Burmah  ; 
always  traveled  on  foot;  died  in  Bradford  Co.,  Pa., 
in  1X72,  in  his  seventy-ninth  year. 

Loomis,  Prof.  Freeman,  was  born  in  Water- 
ville,  Me.,  May  21,  1844.  His  studies  preparatory 
to  admission  to  college  were  pursued  mostly  at  the 
academy  connected  with  the  university  at  Lewis- 
burg,  and  he  was  admitted  to  Freshman  standing 
in  June,  1S()2.  He  graduated  in  18G6,  taking 
the  second  honors  of  his  class.  He  passed  at 
once  to  theological  studies,  the  course  in  that  de- 
partment then  occupying  two  years.  Having 
finished  his  theological  course,  he  was  temporarily 
appointed  to  the  principalship  of  the  academy  in 
the  spring  of  18()7.  At  the  commencement  in 
June  the  board  of  trustees  elected  him  principal, 
which  position  he  held  for  two  years.  In  1869  the 
preparatory  department  became  distinct  from  the 
academy,  and  he  was  placed  at  the  head  of  it.  In 
1879  the  preparatory  department  again  became  a 
part  of  the  academy,  and  Prof.  Loomis  resigned 
his  connection  with  it.  In  1870  he  obtained  leave 
of  absence,  and  occupied  himself  for  two  years  in 
the  study  of  French  and  German  in  Berlin  and 
Paris.  During  his  absence,  in  1871,  the  trustees 
appointed  him  to  the  chair  of  Modern  Languages 
in  the  university.  This  position  he  held  in  con- 
nection with  that  of  head  of  the  preparatory  course 
till  his  resignation  of  the  latter  in  1879.  Since 
that  time  he  has  held  only  the  professorship  of 
Modern  Languages.  In  this  department  his  in- 
struction is  faitlifully  given,  and  he  is  deservedly 
popular  with  his  classes. 

Loomis,  Rev.  Hubbell,  died  Dec.  1.5,  1872,  in 
his  ninety-eighth  year,  at  Upper  Alton,  111.  He 
was  an  example  alike  of  the  physical  vigor  and  of 
the  intellectual  and  spiritual  robustness  of  the  New 
England  stock.  He  was  born  at  Colchester,  Conn., 
May  31,  177o.  As  bis  father,  a  descendant  of  Jo- 
seph Loomis,  who  emigrated  from  England  to  this 
country  in  IfiSS,  was  in  moderate  circumstances, 
he  was'  thrown  chiefly  upon  his  own  resources  in 
procuring  his  education,  graduating  at  Union  Col- 
lege, Schenectady,  X.  Y.,  in  1799.  Having  studied 
theology  under  Rev.  Joel  Benedict,  of  Plainfiold, 
Conn.,  he  was  licensed  as  a  Congregationalist  min- 
ister in  1801.     His  first  pastorate  was  at  Willing- 


ton,  Conn.,  where  he  continued  twenty-four  years, 
uniting  with  his  pastoral  duties  the  work  of  a 
teacher,  one  of  his  pupils  being  Jared  Sparks, 
afterwards  so  eminent  as  president  of  Harvard 
College  and  author  of  "  The  Life  of  Washington," 
and  other  valuable  works.  In  the  later  years  of 
this  pastorate,  as  a  result  of  earnest  study  of  the 
Scriptures  with  reference  to  questions  of  denom- 
inational difference,  he  became  a  Baptist,  and 
united  with  the  Baptist  church  of  Willington ; 
this  event,  of  course,  dissolving  his  connection 
with  the  church  he  had  served  so  long,  and  neces- 
sitating great  self-denial  in  other  respects. 

In  1829,  Mr.  Loomis  removed  to  Illinois.  After 
some  months  spent  in  Kaskaskia  and  Edwards- 
villc,  he  settled  in  Upper  Alton,  and  then  founded 
the  seminary  which  in  1835  became  incorporated 
as  Shurtleff  College.  Ilis  name  stands  first  on 
the  list  in  the  college  charter  of  incorporation.  lie 
was  a  liberal  donor  to  the  college,  and  to  the  end 
of  his  life  its  earnest  friend,  wiiile  in  the  various 
exigencies  of  its  history  his  counsel  was  often 
sought.  He  Avas  remarkable  for  conscientiousness ; 
an  ardent  advocate  of  human  rights,  and  a  warm 
friend  of  moral  reforms.  One  of  his  sons,  .Prof. 
Elias  Loomis,  of  Yale  College,  ranks  with  the  emi- 
nent men  of  science  in  this  country,  while  others 
of  his  children  have  filled  stations  of  great  useful- 
ness, one  daughter,  Sophia,  having  been  the  wife 
of  Hon.  Cyrus  Edwards,  another,  Caroline,  was 
married  to  Prof.  Newman,  of  Shurtleff  College, 
who  died  in  1844;  a  son, .David  B.,  residing  in 
Minnesota,  has  filled  several  terms  as  a  member 
of  the  Legislature  of  that  State;  while  another, 
John  Calvin,  was  at  one  time  Professor  of  Lan- 
guages in  the  Alabama  University. 

Loomis,  Justin  E,.,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in 

Bennington,  Yt.,  Aug.  21,  1810.  At  the  age  of 
seventeen  he  went  to  Hamilton  Literary  Institu- 
tion, and  at  a  subsequent  date  he  entered  Brown 
University,  and  graduated  with  marked  honor  in 
1835.  Shortly  after  his  graduation  he  was  elected 
professor  in  Waterville  College,  now  Colby  Uni- 
versity. 

Determined  to  thoroughly  inform  himself  in  the 
field  of  his  chosen  studies,  he  visited  South  Amer- 
ica, where  he  spent  a  profitable  year  in  scientific 
explorations  through  Bolivia,  Peru,  and  Chili. 
Thus  prepared  for  more  efficient  service,  he  was 
elected  Professor  of  Natural  Science  in  the  uni- 
versity at  Lowisl)urg,  Pa.,  and  in  1858  succeeded 
to  the  presidency.  This  office  he  held  with  sin- 
gular ability  for  twenty  years,  retiring  from  it  in 
January,  1879. 

His  consistent  and  blameless  life,  his  many  acts 
of  benevolence,  his  indomitable  will,  combined 
with  practical  good  sense,  his  warm  interest  in  the 
welfare  of  the  university,   and  especially   in   the 


LORD 


716 


LORD'S  SUPPER 


students,  his  influence  in  shaping  the  character  of 
the  town,  and  in  making  the  Baptist  church  edi- 
fice, which  was  mainly  erected  by  his  own  exer- 
tions, among  the  best  in  the  State,  have  left  a  stamp 
of  permanent  value  upon  the  history  of  the  uni- 
versity. 

As  an  author,  he  has  prepared  various  standard 


JUSTIN    R.    LOOMIS,    I.L.D. 

works:  "Principles  of  Geology,"  "Physiology," 
and  "Anatomy,"  are  woi'ks  of  great  value,  while 
various  essays,  lectures,  pamphlets,  and  sermons 
attest  the  possession  of  talents  of  a  high  order. 
While  he  could  lay  no  high  claim  to  oratorial 
power  as  a  public  speaker,  yet  his  presence  and 
counsel  at  the  meetings  of  the  Associations  and 
other  bodies  were  always  welcome,  and  were  much 
desired. 

His  son.  Freeman  Loomis,  is  a  professor  in  the 
university  at  Lewisburg. 

Lord,  Edward  C,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Carlisle, 
N.  Y.,  Jan.  22,  1817,  and  was  a  graduate  of  Mad- 
ison University.  He  was  ordained  at  Preston  Hol- 
low, N.  Y.,  Aug.  27,  1846,  having  previously  re- 
ceived an  appointment  as  a  missionary  to  China. 
He  I'eached  Ningpo  June  20,  1847,  and  was  con- 
nected with  Dr.  Macgowan  in  the  care  of  that 
station.  Having  acquired  the  language,  he  was 
able  to  preach  to  the  natives  and  hold  convei'sation 
with  them  on  religious  subjects.  The  health  of 
Mrs.  Lord  made  it  necessary  for  him  to  return  to 
the  United  States,  which  he  reached  at  the  close  of 
1851.  Kemaining  here  a  little  less  than  two  years, 
he  returned  to  Ningpo.     Arriving  there  June  1, 


18/54,  he  commenced  again  his  missionary  labors, 
taking,  as  far  as  possible,  the  place  of  the  lamented 
Goddard,  and  having  Mr.  Knowlton  as  a  co-worker 
with  him.  While  occupied  with  these  evangelical 
labors,  Mr.  Lord  performed  some  work  in  his  study. 
Writing  to  the  Executive  Committee,  in  1860,  he 
says,  "  My  notes  on  the  Epistles  to  the  Hebrews 
and  Romans  have  been  completed,  and  considerable 
other  labor  of  a  similar  kind  has  been  performed." 
And  the  next  year  he  writes,  "My  notes  on  the 
First  Epistle  to  the  Corinthians  have  been  com- 
pleted and  put  to  press.  My  notes  on  Ephesians 
have  been  carefully  revised,  and  those  on  Second 
Corinthians  are  in  course  of  preparation."  In  186S 
he  writes,  "  At  Ningpo,  in  my  own  neighborhood, 
I  have  plenty  of  work,  and  I  am  thankful  to  say 
there  is  much  encouragement.  At  the  communion 
season,  about  three  months  ago,  I  baptized  five  per- 
sons, three  men  and  two  women,  and  I  have  at 
present  several  applicants."  The  connection  of 
Mr.  Lord  with  the  Missionary  Union  cloeed  in  July, 
1864.  He  was  in  the  diplomatic  service  of  the 
United -States  in  China,  and  performing  more  or 
less  of  missionary  service  for  several  years.  His 
formal  connection  with  the  Missionary  Union  has 
been  resumed.  He  has  had  charge  of  two  chapels 
in  Ningpo,  being  aided  in  his  work  by  three  native 
preachers. 

lord's  Supper,  The. — Xhe  Lord's  Supper,  in  its 
fortn,  must  be  bread  and  wine  ;  for  Matthew  says 
that  Jesus  took  bread  and  blessed  it,  and  brake  it 
and  gave  it  to  the  disciples  and  said,  "  Take,  eat ; 
this  is  my  body.  And  he  took  the  cup,  and  gave 
thanks,  and  gave  it  to  them,  saying,  Drink  ye  all 
of  it." — Matt.  xxvi.  28.  The  retention  of  the  cup 
from  the  laity  in  the  Church  of  Rome,  deprives  her 
Eucharist  of  every  divine  sanction,  and  reduces  it 
to  a  mere  human  invention. 

The  Supper  is  a  memorial  or  remembrancer  of  a. 
slain  and  absent  Saviour.  His  wounds  and  death 
are  shown  by  the  broken  bread  and  the  flowing 
cup.  His  bodily  absence  is  proved  by  the  object 
of  the  Sacrament.  Speaking  of  the  bread  Jesus 
says,  "  This  is  my  body  which  is  given  for  you ; 
this  do  in  remembrance  of  me." — Luke  xxiv.  19. 
We  can  only  remember  absent  persons.  So  that 
the  purpose  of  the  Eucharist  as  a  remembrancer 
makes  it  certain  that  Chrisfs  body  is  not  in  it. 
And  Paul  teaches  the  same  truth  when  he  writes, 
— "For  as  often  as  ye  eat  this  bread  and  drink  this 
cup,  ye  do  show  the  Lord's  death  till  He  come." — 1 
Cor.  xi.  26.  In  body,  he  is  not  in  the  Supper,  for 
it  is  intended  to  be  observed  till  Jesus,  whom  "  th<' 
heaven  must  receive  until  the  times  of  restitution 
of  all  things"  (Acts  iii.  21)  shall  come  in  the  glories 
of  his  final  advent.  His  humanity  is  now  at  the 
right  hand  of  God.  His  Deity  is  everywhere,  but 
peculiarly  near  the  devout  worshiper.   The  transub- 


LORD'S  SUPPER 


717 


LO  RIMER 


fitantiation*  of  Home,  and  the  consubstantiationf 
of  Luther  are,  therefore',  without  foundation  either 
in  Scripture  or  in  fact. 

The  sole  direct  teaeliinfr;  of  the  Supper  is:  The 
urjony  of  Jesus  the  siistenaure  of  redeemed  men.. 
Strange  tliat/^reac/ should  be  the  figure  to  represent 
tiie  body  of  Christ.  Why  not  his  image  in  gold  or 
silver?  His  statue  in  marble  or  wood?  Ilis  pic- 
ture on  canvas?  Then  each  wound  might  have 
been  seen,  and  every  writhe  of  anguish.  But  no, 
bread,  the  ybo(Z  of  the  world,  and  wine,  the  l)everage 
■of  many  nations,  are  chosen  to  exhil)it  the  wounded 
body  of  Jesus.  Food  and  drink,  the  support  of  all 
human  life,  constitute  the  monument  erected  by 
Jesus  for  himself, — the  food,  broken  bread,  to  re- 
mind us  of  his  torn  body — the  cup,  wine,  to  repre- 
sent the  purple  current  drawn  from  his  veins.  And 
these  emblems  are  not  io  he  viewetl,  simply,  in  sol- 
emn sadness,  nor  even  in  joyful  faith, — we  are  to 
partake  of  them.  Thus  teaching  that  as  food  and 
ilrink  sustain  men,  without  which  their  bodies  must 
perish,  so  the  sufferings  of  Jesus  are  (he  bread  and 
■the  beveraije  of  the  soul.  And  as  it  would  be  mad- 
ness to  try  to  support  flesh  and  blood  on  anything 
l)ut  food  and  drink,  so  it  is  insanity  to  look  any- 
where but  to  Christ's  woes  for  the  nourishment  of 
the  undying  spirit.  And  the  true  disciple,  by  a 
hungering  faith,  ought  to  make  these  sorrows  bread 
for  his  soul ;  while  by  a  thirsting  frame  of  spirit 
he  ought  to  drink  at  tliese  crimson  streams  of  divine 
torture.  And  as  we  need  bread  and  drink  all  the 
time,  the  choice  of  these  emblems  by  the  Saviour 
proclaims  to  us  that  his  wounds  and  death  are  a 
constant  supply  for  the  necessities  of  a  soul  per- 
petually in  want.  What  other  doctrines  could  be 
■designed  by  sucli  emblems  ?  Beyond  all  doubt  God 
speaks  to  us  through  them,  and  says,  Like  the 
body  needing  bread  several  times  every  day,  so  your 
souls  require  atoning  blood  each  instant,  and  like 
the  food  of  mankind  there  is  an  everlasting  supply 
for  all  the  weaknesses  and  criminal  experiences 
that  mark  each  footprint  of  your  earthly  journey, 
to  which  you  are  as  welcome  every  moment  as  to 
the  food  that  covers  your  own  tables,  or  the  fruits 
that  wave  in  golden  beauty  on  your  own  abundant 
harvest-fields.  "  lie  that  spared  not  his  own  Son 
but  delivered  him  up  for  us  all,  how  shall  lie  not 
with  him  aUo  freely  give  us  all  lhin</s.^" — llom. 
viii.  33.  "  By  one  offering  he  hath  perfected  forever 
Jill  them  that  are  sanctified."' — Ileb.  x.  14.     "  I  give 

*  The  C(>'incil  of  Trent  decrees,  "If  any  man  shall  deny,  that  in 
the  sacr.inieiit  of  tho  most  holy  Eucharist,  there  is  contained  renlly, 
truly,  anil  siilistaritiully.Mc  bndij  ami  blnoit,  together  ii-Uh  the  soul  and 
ilii'uiitij  of  our  Lonl  .lesus  Christ,  and  so  whole  Chrixt,  hut  shall  sny 
hi-  is  only  in  it  in  sign,  or  figure,  or  power,  let  him  be  accursed." 
J)u  Eucharis,  Can.  i.  Less,  xiii.  p.  6:!.  Canoues  et  Decreta  Coiicilii 
Trid.     Li|isia>,  18().i. 

t  The  body  and  blood  of  Christ  truly  present  in  the  Supper. 
Augsburg  Confession,  Article  x. 


unto  them  eternal  life;  and  they  shall  never  perish, 
neither  shall  any  pluck  them  out  of  my  hand." — 
John  X.  28.     Tiiank  God  for  the  Lord's  Supper! 

The  Supi)er  has  no  commission  to  teach  us  charity 
for  each  other.  Examine  the  descriptions  given  of  it 
in  Matt.  xxvi.  2()-28,  in  Mark  xiv.  22-23,  in  Luke 
xxii.  19, 20,  in  1  Cor.  xi.  20-29,  and  allusions  made  to 
it  elsewhere,  and  in  every  instance  it  is  a  memorial 
of  the  Saviour's  wounds  and  blood, — a  picture  of 
Christ's  only  food  for  perishing  souls,  and  in  each 
case  destitute  of  any  other  allusion.  Many  Chris- 
tians turn  it  into  a  feast  of  charity  for  members  of 
their  own  and  of  other  sects,  and  speak  with  un- 
loving harshness  of  those  who  observe  it  solely  as  a 
remembrancer  of  a  Saviour  in  the  throes  of  death. 
Charity  in  its  own  place  is  a  truly  ble.s.sed  grace  ; 
he  is  not  Christ's  who  has  not  a  goodly  measure 
of  it;  it  is  the  chain  who.se  golden  links  bind  to- 
gether the  whole  heavenly  throng,  from  the  Mighty 
One  wielding  the  sword  of  Omnipotence  to  the  low- 
liest shining  spirit.  From  the  depths  of  our  hearts, 
enthusiasm  surges  up  in  a  mighty  current  around 
charity,  the  darling  of  heaven, — the  element  of 
which  God  himself  is  composed.  But  we  have  a 
fervent  love  for  the  truth  of  God, — for  that  whole 
body  of  revelation,  one  fragment  of  which  exceeds 
in  worth  the  riches  of  time,  and  all  the  material 
splendors  of  the  universe.  And  as  the  Lord's 
Supper,  according  to  Jesus,  has  nothing  to  do  with 
charity,  as  it  is  a  .monument  upon  which  is  sculp- 
tured the  ANGUISH  OF  Jesus,  the  food  and  drink. 
OF  THE  SOUL,  and  a  monument  from  which  the  most 
dazzling  glories  in  the  universe  shine  forth,  and 
around  which  the  most  thrilling  melodies  of 
heavenly  harmony  shall  ever  float,  why  obliterate 
its  dirinely  appointed  inscription  to  trace  upon  it 
any  other  writing,  even  though  you  inscribe  upon 
it  man's  love  to  his  fellow, — where  Christ's  love  in 
lines  of  blood  was  once  read  ?  Surely  this  is  an  im- 
pious act  in  any  one,  and  peculiarly  so  in  the  ad- 
herents of  that  Protestantism  which  boasts  that  the 
"  Bible  and  the  Bible  alone  is  its  religion."  You 
might  with  as  much  propriety  assemble  the  pious 
business  people  of  several  localities  together  on 
New  Year's  day,  who  manifested  the  grace  of 
Christian  integrity  by  paying  their  debts,  and  in- 
duce them  to  celebrate  the  Supper  as  an  exhibition 
of  their  uprightness  and  probity.  And  if  it  might 
be  said,  the  cross  shows  Christ's  love  for  us  in  the 
Supper,  the  example  of  which  commands  us  to  love 
one  another,  it  might  with  equal  justice  be  affirmed, 
the  sufferings  of  Jesus  seen  in  the  Supper  «,»  our 
surety,  show  him  as  wonderfully  honest  in  paying 
our  debts  to  the  violated  law,  and  following  in  his 
footsteps,  we  should  refuse  all  gains  not  righteously 
secured. 

Lorimer,  George  C,  D.D.,  was  bom  near  Edin- 
burgh, Scotland,  in  18.38,  and  in  that  city  he  spent 


LO  RIMER 


718 


LOUISIANA 


the  early  part  of  his  life.     For  a  short  time  he  fol- 

■  lowed  the  sea,  then  for  a  brief  period  he  had  some 

business  connection  with  a  theatre,  and  occasionally 

performed  some  parts,  but  God  had  something  higher 


GEORGE    C.    LORIMER,  D.D. 

and  better  for  him  than  the  stage.  He  came  to  the 
United  States  when  he  was  about  eighteen  years 
of  age,  and  having  been  providentially  led  to  the 
city  of  Louisville,  Ky.,  he  was  brought  under  the 
influence  of  the  preaching  of  the  pastor  of  the 
Walnut  Street  Baptist  church.  That  preaching 
was  blessed  to  him,  and  he  became  a  hopeful  Chris- 
tian. The  whole  purpose  of  his  life  was  at  once 
changed.  He  entered  upon  a  course  of  study  in 
Georgetown  College,  Ky.,  preparatory  to  the  Chris- 
tian ministry,  and  in  1859  was  ordained  pastor  of 
the  church  at  Harrodsbupg,  Ky.  ^  He  remained 
there  until  called  to  Paducah,  Ky.,  and  from  there 
to  Louisville,  where  he  was  a  pastor  for  eight  years. 
The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred 
upon  him  by  Bethel  College  while  he  was  in 
Louisville.  From  Louisville  he  was  called  to  Al- 
bany, N.  Y.,  where  he  remained  two  years,  and 
then  accepted  an  invitation  to  the  Shawmut  Avenue 
church,  Boston.  AVhile  in  the  midst  of  a  success- 
ful ministry  with  this  church,  the  attention  of  the 
Tremont  Temple  church  was  directed  to  him,  and 
he  was  urged  to  occupy  that  central  and  important 
position,  in  which,  for  several  years,  his  labors  have 
been  so  much  blessed.  About  eighteen  months 
ago  he  took  charge  of  the  First  church,  Chicago. 
Dr.  Lorimer  is  in  the  prime  of  his  life,  and,  it  is  to 
be  hoped,  of  his  usefulness.     Ilis  ministry  is  a 


popular  one,  in  the  best  sense  of  the  word.  He  be- 
lieves in  a  genial  religion,  and  seeks  to  draw  men 
to  Christ  by  the  sweet  words  of  a  Saviour's  love. 
Ilis  preaching  has  been  blessed  to  the  building 
up  of  a  large  church  and  congregation  in  Boston  ; 
and  it  has  been  equally  effective  in  his  present 
charge. 

He  has  just  sundered  his  happy  relations  with 
the  First  church  to  minister  to  a  new  community 
occupying  the  field  vacated  by  the  Michigan  Avenue 
Baptist  church. 

Lothrop,  Rev.  J.  Grafton,  was  a  brilliant  young 
minister  in  Eastern  Louisiana,  who  died,  very  much 
regretted,  at  Greensburg,  La.,  June  16,  1868.  He 
began  to  preach  in  1861. 

Louisiana,  one  of  the  Gulf  States,  was  long  a 
part  of  the  territory  of  France,  but  was  purchased 
by  the  United  States  in  1803.  It  has  about  20,000 
white  Baptists  and  about  30,000  colored. 

The  sentiments  of  the  Baptists  were  first  propa- 
gated in  this  State  by  preachers  from*  the  contigu- 
ous parts  of  Mississippi.  Rev.  Bailey  E.  Chaney 
removed  with  his  family  into  Eastern  Louisiana, 
then  called  West  Florida,  in  1798,  and  settled  with 
a  number  of  other  South  Carolinians  not  far  from 
Baton  Rouge.  lie  began  to  preach  to  his  Ameri- 
can neighbors,  but  he  was  not  long  without  moles- 
tation. He  was  arrested  and  imprisoned  at  Baton 
Rouge  by  the  Spanish  authorities.  But  he  pur- 
chased his  liberty  by  promising  to  abstain  from 
preaching  in  the  future,  and  subsequently  re- 
turned to  Mississippi. 

Soon  after  the  cession  of  the  French  portion  of 
the  Territory,  Joseph  Willis,  a  mulatto,  who  was  a 
licensed  Baptist  preacher,  and  who  had  been  a  co- 
laborer  with  Richard  Curtis  in  ^Mississippi,  boldly 
crossed  the  Mississippi  River,  and  in  1804  preached 
at  Vermillion  and  Plaquemine  Brul^.  The  follow- 
ing year 'he  returned  and  settled  on  Bayou  Chicot 
in  St.  Landry  Parish,  where  he  began  to  preach, 
and  in  1812,  with  assistance  from  Mississippi,  or- 
ganized a  church,  of  which  he  became  pastor. 

About  the  beginning  of  the  present  century  a 
number  of  young  ministers  crossed  into  West 
Florida,  at  the  peril  of  their  liberty.  By  the 
labors  of  these,  two  churches  were  gathered  on 
Pearl  River,  called  Mount  Nebo  and  Peniel,  which 
were  constituted  in  1813. 

Previous  to  1806,  Ezra  Courtney,  who  had  set- 
tled in  Mississippi  in  1802,  made  frequent  visits 
into  the  Felicianas  and  East  Baton  Rouge,  and 
about  that  time  removed  and  settled  near  the  pres- 
ent town  of  Clinton,  and  in  1814  Ilepzibah  church 
was  constituted.  In  1810  AVest  Florida  was  ceded 
to  the  United  States.  Other  ministers  came  into 
this  part  of  the  State.  Elisha  Anders  settled  in 
AVest  Feliciana,  Howell  Wall  and  W.  B.  Wall  in 
St.  Helena.     As  early  as  1818  a  small  church  was 


LOUISIANA 


719 


LOUISVILLE 


gathered  in  New  Orleans,  and  enjoyed  the  labors 
of  Benjamin  Davis. 

West  of  the  Mississippi  Joseph  Willis  continued 
for  several  years  to  labor  alone,  and  orijanized 
churches  at  Cheneyville,  Vermillion,  Plaqueniinp 
Brule,  and  Hickory  Flat.  In  1S16  he  was  joined 
in  this  field  Ijy  Kzekiel  O'Quinn  and  Ishani  Nettles. 
On  the  31st  day  of  October,  1818,  six  churches  met 
by  delegates  at  Cheneyville,  and  organized  the  Lou- 
isiana Baptist  Association,  of  which  Joseph  Willis 
was  elected  moderator.  Other  ministers  were  or- 
dained, and  churches  increased,  mainly  through 
the  zealous  la])ors  of  Mr.  AVillis. 

In  1S22,  Rev.  Henry  Humble  settled  on  the 
Ouachita  River,  in  the  parish  of  Catahoula,  and  in 
1826  the  First  church  in  Catahoula  was  established. 
Here,  at  a  somewhat  later  day,  labored  Asa  S.  IMer- 
cer,  John  Hill,  the  Meridiths,  Thomas  and  James, 
and  many  churches  were  gathered  in  the  Ouachita 
region. 

In  1820,  Rev.  James  Brinson,  with  a  numl)er  of 
other  Baptists,  settled  at  Pine  Hills,  not  far  from 
the  present  town  of  Vienna,  and  organized  a  church 
in  1S21.  Here  they  were  joined  by  John  Impson. 
The}- extended  their  labors  westward,  and  gathered 
a  church  about  four  miles  east  of  Mount  Lebanon, 
called  Providence.  It  was  afterwards  removed  to 
Athens.  Not  far  from  the  present  town  of  Minden 
they  found  a  few  Baptists,  whom  they  gathered 
into  a  church  called  Black  Lake. 

In  1837  a  colony,  most  of  whom  were  Baptists, 
removed  from  South  Carolina  and  settled  at  Mount 
Lebanon,  in  Bienville  Parish.  In  the  company  was 
Henry  Adams,  a  colored  man,  who  was  an  ordained 
Baptist  preacher.  A  church  was  organized,  and 
Mr.  Adams  became  pastor.  He  was  a  man  of  some 
education,  and  was  very  much  respected  by  the 
community.  This  church  became  one  of  the  most 
active  and  influential  in  the  State. 

About  the  same  time  Elias  George,  Samuel  J. 
Larkin,  and  William  B.  Larkin  began  to  preach  in 
Union  Parish,  and  many  churches  were  gathered 
in  a  few  years. 

In  1843,  Rev.  .John  Bryce,  an  eminent  Baptist 
minister,  was  sent  to  Shreveport  as  collector  of 
customs  on  imports  from  the  republic  of  Texas. 
AVhile  discharging  the  duties  of  his  office  he 
preached  in  Shreveport  and  the  surrounding  coun- 
try. In  1S45  a  church  was  gathered  in  Shreve- 
port, and  Mr.  Bryce  became  pastor.  His  office  of 
collector  of  customs  having  expired  by  the  annexa- 
tion of  Texas,  he  continued  to  labor  in  this  region 
until  1850.  He  wiis  joined  in  1S47  byA.  W.Jack- 
son and  Jesse  Lee,  two  able  ministers  from  Ala- 
bama, and  on  Dec.  21,  1S40,  the  Grand  Cane  Asso- 
ciation was  organized. 

In  the  Sabine  region  the  churches  were  princi- 
pally planted  and  consolidated  by  the  labors  of 


Nathan  II.  Bray  after  1847.  Tiicre  were  a  few 
churches  before  this  planted  by  Willis  and  his  co- 
laborers,  but  they  were  feeble  and  scattered.  In 
1848,  Mr.  Bray  formed  them  into  an  Association 
called  Sabine. 

The  Bayou  Macon  region,  between  the  Ouachita 
and  Mississippi  Rivers,  had  but  few  Baptists  pre- 
vious to  1850.  Shortly  after  this  J.  P.  Blake  and 
D.  U.  Swindall  began  their  labors  there,  and  in 
1855  organized  the  Bayou  Macon  Association. 

Louisiana  Baptist,  a  weekly  newspaper,  was 
started  at  Mount  Lelianon,  La.,  in  1855,  l»y  Rev. 
Hanson  Lee,  and  conducted  with  such  ability  that 
it  ranked  with  the  ablest  i-eligious  journals  of  the 
South.  In  1862,  Mr.  Lee  died,  and  the  paper  was 
continued  by  AV.  F.  Wells,  with  Dr.  Courtney  as 
editor,  and  subse(|uently  as  part  owner.  At  the 
close  of  the  war  Rev.  A.  S.  Worrell  bought  it,  but 
after  a  short  connection,  resold  to  AV.  F.  AVells,  and 
Dr.  Courtney  became  editor,  with  W.  E.  Paxton 
associate.  At  the  end  of  the  year  1869  Mr.  Wells 
sold  his  su])scription  to  Rev.  J.  R.  Graves  of  the 
Memphis  Baptist^  and  the  Louisiana  Baptist  was 
discontinued. 

Louisiana  Baptist  Convention  was  organized 

in  184s.  Its  leading  olyects  w(?re  educational  and 
missionary.  Under  its  fostering  care  Mount  Leb- 
anon University  came  into  existence  .and  other 
schools  were  encouraged.  Its  missionaries  have 
penetrated  into  many  destitute  parts  of  the  State, 
and  laid  the  foundation  for  numerous  churches 
now  flourishing.  With  an  active  mission  board, 
inspired  by  Rev.  W.  C.  Friley,  the  State  evangel- 
ist, the  work  of  the  Convention  has  greatly  pros- 
pered for  the  last  two  years.  Its  operations  during 
the  past  year  secured  about  $6000. 

President,  Rev.  J.  P.  Everett,  Shiloh,  La. ;  Re- 
cording Secretary,  Rev.  G.  AV.  Ilartsfield,  Mans- 
field, La. 

Louisiana,  Baptist  Messenger  of,  is  a  weekly 

paper  pul)lished  at  Fanucrville,  La.,  Rev.  S.  C. 
Leo  editor.  It  started  in  1879  as  a  semi-weekly. 
It  began  its  second  year  as  a  weekly.  It  is  well 
conducted,  and  it  is  rapidly  growing  in  jiublic  fiivor. 

Louisville,  Baptist  Orphans'  Home  of,  was 

established  through  the  efforts  of  the  ladies  of 
AValnut  Street  church,  in  Louisville,  in  1866.  The 
building  first  occupied  was  a  rented  one.  Soon 
after  the  house  was  opened,  however,  Mrs.  J.  Law- 
rence Smith,  a  member  of  the  AValnut  Street 
church,  donated  to  the  Orphans'  Home  Society 
$5000  in  money  and  a  lot  of  ground  valued  at 
?15,0(X),  provided  a  sufficient  amount  should  be 
raised  to  erect  suitable  buildings  thereon.  The 
sum  of  $22,000  was  speedily  secured,  and  in  March, 
1S67,  the  ground  was  broken  for  the  foundation. 
The  new  home  was  dedicated  Dec.  19, 1870.  During 
its  existence  280  children  have  been  received  ;  171 


LOUISVILLE 


720 


LOWRY 


of  these  have  been  placed  in  good  homes,  62  have 
1)een  legally  adopted  in  Christian  families,  and  41 
remain  in  the  home.  The  object  of  the  home  is  to 
receive  such  orphans  as  cannot  be  well  provided  for 
otherwise,  and  to  educate  and  train  them  for  useful 
employments  until  such  time  as  suitable  homes  can 
))e  procured  for  them  in  private  families,  or  until 
they  are  able  to  take  care  of  themselves.  Under 
the  management  of  Miss. Mary  Hollingsworth,  who 
has  been  matron  since  its  organization,  the  home 
has  been  very  popular,  and  has  been  well  sustained 
by  voluntary  contributions. 

Louisville,  Walnut  Street  Baptist  Churcli 

of. — The  First  Baptist  church  in  Louisville  was 
organized  by  Rev.  Henson  Hobbs  in  1815,  and  con- 
sisted of  14  members.  In  1839  the  church  num- 
bered 539.  Eighteen  withdrew  and  formed  the 
Second  Baptist  church.  In  1849,  when  both 
churches  were  without  pastors,  they  invited  Rev. 
Thomas  Smith,  who  accepted  both  calls  on  con- 
dition that  the  churches  would  unite  and  build  a 
good  house  in  an  eligible  locality.  On  Oct.  29, 
1849,  both  churches  dissolved  and  formed  the  Wal- 
nut Street  Baptist  church,  and  the  present  mag- 
nificent house  was  erected  the  following  year  on 
the  corner  of  Fourth  and  Walnut  Streets.  The 
first  public  meeting  held  in  the  Jnished  house  was 
the  funeral  of  the  pastor.  Tho  edifice  cost  $105,000. 
Since  its  erection  it  has  been  altered  at  considerable 
expense  several  times.  At  one  time  $20,000  was 
expended  upon  it.  Its  seating  capacity  is  1300.  It 
is  the  mother  of  the  other  Baptist  churches  of 
Louisville, — a  goodly  family.     . 

Lovelace,  Rev.  Colmore,  was  bom  in  Mary- 
land, Nov.  26,  1795.  At  five  years  of  age  his 
parents  removed  to  Kentucky.  At  the  age  of  four- 
teen he  united  with  Mount  Moriah  Baptist  church, 
in  Nelson  County.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  at 
Severn's  Valley  church,  in  Harbin  County,  in  1822, 
and  ordained  in  1823.  He  was  pastor  of  several 
churches  in  Salem  Association,  and  devoted  much 
time  to  the  work  of  a  missionary.  He  was  distin- 
guished for  his  piety,  zeal,  and  philanthropy.  Few 
men  were  more  devotedly  loved  or  more  extensively 
blessed.  He  baptized  more  than  1200  persons.  He 
died  in  Hardin  Co.,  Ky.,  March  16,  1864. 

Lovell,  Rev.  Andrew  Sprague,  son  of  Stephen 

and  llhoda  (French)  Lovell,  was  born  in  Braintree, 
Mass.,  in  September,  1807 ;  converted  in  1825 ; 
studied  at  Maine  Wesleyan  Seminary,  Kent's  Hill, 
Readfield,  Me.,  at  Connecticut  Literary  Institution, 
Suffield,  Conn.,  and  at  Newton  Theological  Semi- 
nary, Mass.  •,  chosen  associate  principal  of  the 
Connecticut  Literary  Institution  in  1837  ;  principal 
of  the  city  high  school  in  Middletown,  Conn.,  for 
two  years  ;  for  a  time  the  editor  of  The  ^Egis,  pub- 
lished in  Worcester.  Mass. ;  in  1847  became  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Mansfield,  Conn. ;  ordained 


in  1848 ;  in  1853  accepted  a  call  to  Bloomfield, 
Conn. ;  in  1857  settled  with  the  Baptist  church  in 
East  Longmeadow,  Mass. ;  during  the  war  was  an 
agent  for  the  Christian  Commission  at  Xewbern, 
N.  C. ;  in  1868  settled  with  the  Baptist  church  in 
TarifFville,  Conn. ;  now  living  in  Andover,  Conn. : 
very  scholarly,  calm,  penetrating,  thorough  in 
thought,  elegant  in  style,  eminently  sound  in  the 
faith  ;  mightier  with  his  pen  than  with  his  voice  : 
a  poet  of  unusually  delicate  taste  ;  a  man  of  great 
purity  and  integrity. 

Lovell,  Rev.  N.  G.,  was  born  in  Rowley,  now 
Georgetown,  Mass.,  in  1806.  He  graduated  at 
Brown  University  in  1833,  and  in  the  following 
October  entered  Newton  Theological  Institution. 
He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Princeton,  Mass.,  in  July,  1834.  His  subsequent 
settlements  were  at  Amherst,  Bellingham,  and 
North  Attleborough.  Seventeen  years  of  his  life 
were  thus  devoted  to  the  ministry.  .His  labors 
were  blessed  in  all  his  pastorates,  especially  in  that 
of  Bellipgham,  where  there  was  an  interesting  re- 
vival of  religion,  followed  by  large  additions  to  his 
church.  He  died  at  Valley  Falls,  R.  I.,  Nov.  15, 
1851. 

Lowry,  Gen.  M.  P.,  president  of  Blue  Moun- 
tain College,  Miss.,  ten  years  president  of  Missis- 


GEN.   M.   p.  LOWRY. 

sippi  Baptist  Convention,  distinguished  as  an  edu- 
cator, preacher,  editor,  and  as  a  brigadier-general 
in  the  Confederate  army,  was  born  in  Tennessee  in 
1828,  He  began  to  preach  in  Mississippi  in  1852  ; 
supplied    the    churches  at  Farraington,  Corinth, 


WALNUT    STREET    BAPTIST    OIU'RCH,     LOUISVILLE,   K.Y. 


LOWRY 


722 


LOXLEY 


^Rienzi,  Ripley,  and  other  places;  in  1861  entered 
the  Confederate  service  as  a  'captain,  was  elected 
colonel,  and  for  gallant  conduct  was  m,ade  brigadier- 
general,  and  although  he  refused  further  promotion, 
he  was  often  assigned  to  the  command  of  a  division, 
and  served  with  distinguished  ability  at  Corinth, 
Perryville,  where  he  was  wounded,  and  in  that 
terrible  succession  of  battles  that  followed  Sher- 
man's advance  into  Georgia.  During  the  war  he 
preached  regularly  to  the  soldiers,  and  at  its  close 
resumed  his  old  field ;  founded  Blue  Mountain  Fe- 
male College ;  contributed  two  years  to  Georgia 
Index,  and  was  six  years  associate  editor  of  the 
Memphis  Baptist.     He  is  also  a  Doctor  of  Divinity. 

Lowry,  Rev.  Jennings  O'Bannon,  pastor  of 
Coliseum  Place  Baptist  church,  New  Orleans,  was 
born  in  Georgia  in  1851,  but  reared  in  South  Caro- 
lina. He  took  a  literary  course  at  Erskihe  College, 
S.  C.  After  a  course  in  theology  at  the  Southern 
Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  he  spent  some  time 
at  Leipsic,  Germany ;  was  pastor  of  St.  Francis 
Street  church.  Mobile,  Ala.,  live  years;  called  to 
New  Orleans,  in  December,  1879. 

Lowry,  Robert,  B.D.,  was  bom  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  March  12,  1826.  His  pai'ents  were  members  of 
the  Associate  Presbyterian  Church.  At  the  age  of 
seventeen  he  became  a  subject  of  divine  grace. 
After  reading  the  New  Testament,  he  was  con- 
vinced that  it  was  his  duty  to  follow  Christ  in 
baptism.  He  was  immersed  April  23,  1843,  by 
Dr.  George  B.  Ide,  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church,  Philadelphia.  He  began  his  religious  life 
with  Christian  work  in  helping  to  organize  a  Sun- 
day-school in  a  destitute  part  of  the  city.  For  sev- 
eral years  he  felt  an  irrepressible  drawing  towards 
the  ministry,  but  did  not  venture  to  disclose  it 
until  his  pastor  probed  his  feelings  and  encour- 
aged him  to  begin  a  course  of  study.  In  1848  he 
entered  the  university  at  Lewifeburg,  Pa.,  and  was 
graduated  in  1854,  receiving  valedictory  honoi-s. 
In  the  same  year  he  was  ordained,  and  called  to 
the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  West 
Chester,  Pa.  Here  he  remained  four  years,  during 
which  time  anew  church  edifice  was  built.  In  1858 
lie  was  called  to  the  Bloomingdale  Baptist  church. 
New  York  City.  A  movement  for  a  new  church 
edifice  was  interrupted  by  the  breaking  out  of  the 
civil  war.  In  1861  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Han- 
son Place  Baptist  church,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  where 
he  labored  over  eight  years.  During  this  pastorate 
about  400  members  were  added  to  the  church.  In 
1869  he  was  induced  to  accept  the  professorship 
of  Belles-Lettres  in  Lewisburg,  and  the  pastorate 
of  the  Baptist  church.  While  here  the  now  church 
edifice  was  dedicated.  After  performing  this  double 
work  for  si.K  years,  he  retired,  with  the  honorary 
title  of  D.D.,  to  Plainfield,  N.  J.  He  was  sub- 
sequently   elected    chancellor    of    the    university. 


Shortly  after  reaching  Plainfield  a  new  church 
was  organized,  which  called  him  to  its  pastorship. 
This  movement  led  to  the  erection  of  the  Park 
Avenue  church  at  a  cost  of  $40,000.  He  has  al- 
ways been  an  active  worker  in  the  Sunday-school. 
He  preaches  extemporaneously,  and  holds  tena- 
ciously to  the  distinctive  views  of  Baptists.  Mul- 
titudes know  him  as  a  composer  of  sacred  song, 
rather  than  as  a  preacher.  His  melodies  are  sung 
in  every  English-speaking  land.  Some  of  his 
hymns  have  been  translated  into  foreign  tongues. 
Music  and  hymnology  are  favorite  studies  with 
him.  Of.  five  sons,  three  of  whom  are  living,  the 
oldest  has  given  himself  to  the  work  of  the  min- 
istry. 

Loxley,  Col.  Benjamin,  was  born  in  Yorkshire, 
England,  Dec.  20,  1720;  came  to  Philadelphia  at 
the  age  of  sixteen,  and  served  five  years  at  the  car- 
penter's trade.  Married  first  Jane  Watkins,  sister 
of  his  master,  and  on  her  death,  Catlierine  Cox, 
of  Upper  Freehold,  N.J.  He  had  fifteen  children. 
About  *1755  he  helped  to  form  the  1st  Artillery 
Company  of  Philadelphia,  and  went  as  lieutenant 
into  the  service  under  Gen.  Braddock,  sharing  his 
defeat  at  Great  Meadows.  In  1758,  Gen.  Forbes 
appointed  him  to  take  charge  of  the  king's  stores 
in  the  province,  which  he  did  for  seven  years.  In 
1764  he  had  command  of  the  artillery  which 
awaited  the  invasion  of  the  "  Paxton  boj's,"  of 
which  Mr.  Graydon  gives  an  amusing  account  in 
his  ''Reminiscences.''  He  describes  Capt.  Loxley 
as  a  very  honest  little  man,  "  who  was  always 
put  foremost  when  great  guns  were  in  question." 
In  1775,  Col.  Loxley  was  on  the  Committee  of 
Safety  for  Dock  Ward,  arid  served  in  the  Pro- 
vincial Conference  and  Convention  of  the  times. 
Commanded  the  artillery  at  Amboy.  at  German- 
town,  and  was  constantly  engaged  in  casting  and 
in  supplying  various  munitions  of  war.  While 
driven  out  of  Philadelphia  by  the  British,  they 
burned  five  of  his  buildings  and  destroyed  other 
property.  Some  of  his  family  also  served  in  the 
army.  Col.  Loxley  was  early  a  member  of  the 
First  Baptist  church,  and  liberal  and  conspicu- 
ous in  erecting  its  meeting-house  at  L.a  Grange 
Place.  Among  other  Baptist  houses,  public  or 
private,  Aviiere  Wliitefield  preached  in  Phila- 
delphia, was  Lesley's  residence,  near  177  South 
Second  Street,  then  said  to  be  in  the  country.  The 
front  of  the  house  was  arched,  and  there  the  great 
preacher  addressed  thousands  on  tlie  gentle  bill, 
whose  slope  affoi-ded  a  resting-place.  The  neigh- 
borhood was  where  Cadwallader  drilled  his,''  silk- 
stocking  company,"'  some  of  whom  proved  doughty 
warriors  in  times  that  tested  men's  souls.  About 
opposite  was  the  house  of  William  Darrah.  whose 
wife  (Lydia)  overheard  a  plot  laid  by  certain  Brit- 
ish officers,  quartered  upon  them,  to  surprise  Wash- 


LUCAS 


723 


LUDLOW 


ington  at  Whiteiuarsh.  She  "went  to  mill"  early 
next  morning,  and  contrived  to  convey  information 
whereby  the  danger  was  averted,  the  British  not 
knowing  why  their  plans  failed.  Col.  Loxley  died 
in  the  fall  of  1801,  aged  about  eighty-one  years, 
leaving  nianyof  liis  name  and  blood  in  Pennsylva- 
nia and  New  Jersey.  One,  Benjamin  K.  Loxley, 
was  long  a  useful  home  missionary  in  Philadel- 
phia.    Another  is  wif(>  of  Robert  Lowry,  D.D. 

Lucas,  Rev.  Elijah,  was  born  in  Plymouth, 
England,  in  December,  1S2S.  AVhen  quite  a  lad  he 
accepted  Christ,  and  united  with  the  AV^eslcyan 
Methodists.     In    the    spring  of  LSaO  he  came  to 


REV.  ELIJAH    LUCAS. 

America,  and  having  been  fur  a  long  time  troubled 
on  the  subject  of  baptism,  and  being  convinced 
that  the  law  of  Christ  required  immersion,  he  of- 
fered himself  to  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Troy, 
N.  Y.,  as  a  candidate  for  baptism,  and  was  bap- 
tized by  Rev.  Geo.  C.  Baldwin,  D.D.,  and  some 
time  afterwards  that  church  licensed  him  to  preach. 
Mr.  Lucas  always  shrank  from  the  work  of  the 
ministry,  and  was  at  last  almost  thrust  into  it  by 
the  providence  of  God. 

His  first  settlement  was  at  AVaterford  and  Half- 
Moon,  in  Saratoga  Co.,  N.  Y.  He  served  both 
those  churches,  preaching  three  times  each  Lord's 
day.  After  laboring  for  about  two  and  a  half  years, 
he  removed  in  1S55  to  Stanford,  in  Dutchess  Co.. 
N.  Y.  In  18")9  he  accepted  a  call  from  Grecnport, 
and  continued  there  three  years.  He  served  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Harlem,  New  York  City, 
nine  years,  after  having  labored  about  two  and  a 


half  years  in  Hastings,  on  the  Hudson.  On  re- 
turning from  Harlem  he  went  to  Europe,  and  on 
his  return  he  accepted  the  unanimous  call  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Trenton,  N.  J.,  and  began 
his  labors  there  in  1873,  and  he  is  still  with  that 
church. 

Mr.  Lucas  has  baptized  a  large  number  at  Tren- 
ton. His  church  has  over  1000  members,  boinj; 
the  largest  Baptist  church,  except  the  First  of  New- 
ark, in  the  State.  Mr.  Lucas  is  an  able  preacher 
and  a  devoted  servant  of  the  Redeemer. 

Luck,  Rev.  William  Francis,  was  bom  Nov. 
7,  1801,  in  Campbell  Co.,  Va.,  in  1827.  He  re- 
moved to  Tennessee,  and  lived  there  thirty  years. 
In  1857  he  located  in  Lincoln  Co.,  Mo.  He  pro- 
fessed religion  in  1830,  and  joined  the  Pleasant 
Valley  church,  Tcnn.  At  one  time  he  was  mis- 
sionary of  the  General  Association  of  Middle  Ten- 
nessee and  North  Alabama.  He  preached  until 
within  a  few  days  of  his  death,  and  chiefly  to  four 
churches.  As  a  preacher,  he  was  bold  and  im- 
pressive. As  an  evangelist,  he  was  efficient.  In 
Missouri  he  labored  much  in  revivals.  He  died 
Dec.  2G,  1878.  Rigid  in  discipline,  prompt  in  re- 
proof, and  full  of  the  spirit  of  Jesus,  he  commanded 
the  confidence  and  love  of  his  brethren. 

Ludlow,  Gen.  Edmund,  was  born  at  Maiden- 
Bradley,  in  AViltshire,  England,  in  1620,  and  edu- 
cated at  Trinity  College,  Oxford.  He  was  one  of 
the  judges  that  condemned  (jjiarles  I.  ;  he  was  a 
distioLiuished  general  in  the  Parliamentary  forces, 
and  for  a  time  at  the  head  of  the  large  English 
army  necessarily  kept  in  Ireland.  He  was  en- 
dowed with  a  penetrating  and  independent  mind  ; 
and  he  could  not  be  moved  by  fear  for  the  mighty 
power  of  Cromwell,  or  by  a  desire  for  the  great 
favors  he  had  to  bestow,  to  change  the  course  he 
had  selected  for  himself.  Ludlow  was  a  decided 
republican,  and  when  Cromwell  assumed  the  Pro- 
tectorate, he  made  a  vigorous  protest  against  the 
step,  and  gave  up  his  command  in  Ireland.  After 
the  return  of  Charles  II.  to  England,  he  went  to 
Yevay,  in  Switzerland,  where  he  died  in  1693.  His 
"  Memoirs"  are  necessary  to  c(imj)lete  the  history 
of  the  Parliamentary  war  in  England. 

Richard  Baxter,  speaking  of  Cromwell,  says, 
"  He  sent  his  son  Henry  into  Ireland,  who  mightily 
supprest  the  Anabaptists,  ...  so  that  Maj.-Gen. 
Ludlow,  who  headed  them  in  Ireland,  was  forced 
to  submit."*  Ludlow  was  a  Baptist,  and  worthily 
he  walked  in  days  of  danger  and  tem]>tation. 

Ludlow,  Rev.  James  Peter,  grandson  of  Rev. 

Dr.  Stephen  Gano,  of  Rhode  Island,  was  born  at 
Charleston,  S.  C,  Jan.  5,  18.33.  He  was  converted 
at  sea,  on  the  whale-ship  "  Helen  Augusta"  :  bap- 
tized at  Honolulu,  Sandwich  Islands,  in  February, 

♦  Baxter'8  Life,  pp.  B9,  70. 


LUMPKIN 


724 


LUMPKIN 


1853,  by  the  seamen's  chaplain,  S.  C.  Damon  ;  the 
■first  immersion  ever  witnessed  at  Honolulu.  He 
graduated  at  Rochester,  in  1861  from  the  univer- 
sity, and  in  1864  from  the  theological  seminary, 
und  was  ordained  in  1864  by  the  Central  church, 
Newport,  R.  I. 

The  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society 
sent  him  to  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  in  1864,  at  which 
place  he  organized,  in  1865,  the  Tabernacle  church, 
and  was  for  six  years  its  successful  pastor.  In 
1872  he  was  pastor  of  Calvary  church,  Sacra- 
mento. Failing  health  induced  him  to  take  a  sea- 
voyage  around  the  world.  With  health  restored, 
he  became  pastor  at  Olympia,  Washington  Terri- 
tory, where  he  served  with  great  success.  In  1879 
he  became  missionary  for  Puget  Sound,  with  resi- 
■dence  at  Seattle.  He  is  deputy  clerk  of  the  U.  S. 
District  Court  of  Washington  Territory,  oyer  which 
the  Hon.  Judge  Roger  S.  Greene,  his  friend^  and 
also  a  Baptist  preacher,  presides  with  marked 
ability. 

Lumpkin,    Rev.   John,    the   third   of  eight 

brothers,  all  of  whom  attained  prominent  positions, 
was  the  son  of  John  and  Lucy  Lumpkin,  who  re- 
moved from  Virginia  and  settled  in  Oglethorpe 
■Co.,  Gra.  He  was  born  in  Pittsylvania  Co.,  Va., 
Nov.  4,  1785,  but  was  brought  to  Georgia  in  his 
infancy,  and  in  Oglethorpe  County  he  was  reared 
and  educated,  and  in  it  he  labored  and  died.  He  was 
a  Baptist  minister  of  prominence,  usefulness,  sterling 
worth,  ability,  and  conscientious  rectitude.  Gov. 
Wilson  Lumpkin,  of  Georgia,  was  his  elder  brother, 
and  Judge  Joseph  Henry  Lumpkin,  chief  justice  of 
the  Supreme  bench,  was  his  younger  brother.  He 
united  with  County-Line  church,  Morgan  Co.,  in 
1808,  and  was  ordained  the  same  year,  and  imme- 
diately was  called  to  the  care  of  churches.  During 
his  ministry  he  constituted  the  churches  at  Antioch 
and  Salem,  in  Oglethorpe  County,  and  Sardis,  in 
Wilkes  County  ;  and  at  the  time  of  his  death,  Aug. 
1,  1839,  the  buildings  of  these  three  churches  were 
•draped  in  mourning. 

His  life  was  a  shining  example  of  true  Christi- 
anity. As  a  preacher,  his  sermons  were  more  re- 
markable for  their  practical  bearing  than  for 
■brilliancy.  In  his  ministerial  career  he  labored 
■diligently  and  persistently  to  win  souls  for  Christ ; 
and  God  blessed  his  labors  wonderfully.  By  con- 
forming his  example  to  his  precepts  he  made  a 
<ieep  impression  upon  the  community  where  he 
lived,  and  left  to  his  children  a  spotless  name. 
During  his  last  moments  an  aged  minister  stepped 
in  to  bid  him  a  final  adieu,  and  said,  "  Brother 
Lumpkin,  you  are  now  entering  Jordan,  how  do 
you  find  it?"  "  The  deeper  I  wade  the  firmer  the 
bottom,"  was  the  reply. 

Lumpkin,  Ex-Gov.  Wilson,  of  Georgia,  was 
■born  in  Pittsylvania  Co.,  Va.,  Jan.  14,  1783,  and 


died  at  Athens,  Ga.,  on  the  28th  December,  1870, 
at  the  age  of  eighty-seven. 

In  1786  his  parents  moved  to  Georgia,  bringing 
with  them  the  infant  destined  to  fill  so  many  con- 
spicuous positions  in  the  State  of  his  adoption.  At 
eighteen  years  of  age  his  mind  became  awakened 
to  the  great  importance  of  salvatipn,  and  he  expe- 
rienced peace  through  faith.  Personal  investiga- 
tion of  the  Scriptures  led  to  his  adoption  of  Baptist 
views,  although  his  parents  were  Methodists,  and 
his  predilections  were  towards  the  Presbyterians. 
In  the  course  of  time  his  pai-ents,  afi'ected  by  his 
baptism,  became  Baptists  themselves,  after  search- 
ing the  Scriptures.     Subsequently,  others  of  the 


EX-GOV.  WILSON    LUMPKIN. 

family  followed  the  parents  into  the  waters  of  bap- 
tism, and  in  a  short  period  all  the  adult  mem- 
bers of  the  family  united  with  a  Baptist  chui-ch. 
"God  made  me  a  Baptist,"  said  Gov.  Lumpkin 
to  a  friend,  in  after-life,  "  and  I  can  never  be  any- 
thing else.  I  must  be  of  this  faith,  if  I  am  the  only 
person  in  the  world  professing  it."  and  to  the  end 
of  his  long  life  he  remained  steadfast  to  his  convic- 
tions. 

Hardly  had  he  attained  his  twenty-first  year  be- 
fore he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of 
Georgia,  which  met  in  1804,  and  he  discharged  his 
responsible  duties  so  satisfiictorily  that  he  was 
elected  for  several  consecutive  sessions.  In  1814 
he  was  chosen  to  represent  his  district  in  the 
national  councils,  and  took  his  seat  at  Washington 
the  same  j'ear, — a  year  memorable  for  the  destruc- 
tion of  the  national  capital  by  the  British  troops. 


LUMPKIN 


725 


LUNO 


For  several  sessions  Mr.  Lumpkin  was  returned  to 
Congress,  bearing  off  the  prize  from  all  competi- 
tors. In  1831  he  was  so  prominent  with  his  party 
— the  old  Union  party,  as  it  was  then  termed — that 
he  received  the  nomination  for  governor,  and  his 
election  followed.  IIavinj:i;  served  the  State  for  two 
years,  he  was  triumphantly  re-elected  in  1833.  On 
retiring  from  the  gubernatorial  chair  he  received, 
from  Gen.  Jackson,  an  important  commission  in 
connection  with  Indian  affairs,  after  the  discharge 
of  which  duty  he  became,  in  1838,  a  United  States 
Senator. 

lie  had  now  enjoyed  all  the  political  honors  the 
State  could  bestow,  and  being  nearly  threescore 
years  of  age,  he  sought  retirement ;  and,  pur- 
chasing a  comfortable  home  in  the  vicinity  of 
Athens,  Ga.,  he  spent  in  that  locality  the  remainder 
of  his  days.  The  only  public  service  he  afterwards 
rendered  was  as  a  member  of  tiie  board  of  trustees 
of  the  State  University,  of  which  he  was  the  senior 
member  and  honored  president  for  many  years. 

Few  men  have  lived  in  Georgia  more  universally 
popular  than  Gov.  Lumpkin.  He  never  failed  to 
secure  any  office  for  which  he  was  a  candidate  be- 
fore the  people.  For  forty  cont-ccutive  years  he 
was  retained  in  positions  of  high  trust  and  honor, 
and  for  a  much  longer  period,  if  we  include  his 
service  as  trustee  of  the  State  University.  His 
popularity  was  due,  in  a  good  degree,  to  his  un- 
swerving fidelity  to  the  trusts  he  had  received.  If 
not  a  bold  and  dashing  leader,  he  was  ii  prudent 
officer,  and  the  people  felt  that  the  public  intei-ests 
were  safe  in  his  hands,  lie  was  always  ready  to 
serve  his  friends  at  any  reasonable  sacrifice,  whilst 
towards  his  political  opponents  he  deported  himself 
with  so  much  courtesy  that  he  was  constantly  dis- 
arming their  opposition  and  winning  them  to  his 
support. 

He  was  endowed  by  nature  with  an  active  and 
inquiring  mind.  He  early  learned  to  think  for 
himself,  and  by  this  process  his  fine  intellectual 
gifts  were  drawn  out  or  educated.  There  were 
few  subjects  of  importance  connected  with  the 
science  of  government  which  had  not  been  care- 
fully examined  by  him,  and  his  opinions  were 
promptly  forthcomins  whenever  required.  His 
official  papers  while  governor,  and  his  speeches 
while  a  member  of  Congress,  are  able  and  states- 
manlike, evincing  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the 
subjects  discussed  ;  and  they  are  written  with  the 
perspicuity  and  good  sense  characteristic  of  a  man 
who  has  something  to  say  and  is  intent  only  in 
lodging  his  meaning  in  the  minds  of  those  whom 
he  addresses. 

But  it  was  the  elevated  moral  and  religious  char- 
acter dignifying  and  adorning  the  life  of  Gov.  Lump- 
kin which  constituted  his  highest  excellence.  He 
was  a  Christian  statesman,  not  indifferent  to  the 


approbation  of  his  fellow-men,  but  farinoro  anxious 
for  the  honor  which  comes  from  above.  With  some 
honorable  exceptions,  politicians  make  poor  church 
members;  but  Gov.  Lumpkin  never  furled  his  re- 
ligious colors  for  fear  it  might  lose  him  the  votes 
of  those  who  were  of  a  different  religious  faitli. 
Whether  at  his  country  home,  where  he  first  pro- 
fessed faith  in  Christ,  or  at  Milledgeville,  or  in 
Washington  City,  or  Athens,  he  always  took  his 
stand  for  Christ,  identifying  himself  with  his  Bap- 
tist brethren,  however  obscure  they  might  be.  As- 
suming nothing  on  account  of  the  high  iionors 
he  had  received  from  the  State,  he  took  his  place 
among  the  humblest  members  of  the  ciiurcli,  ever 
counting  it  a  privilege  to  be  even  a  door-keeper 
in  the  house  of  God.  AVhen  the  work  of  the  Lord 
was  revived,  no  one  rejoiced  more  than  he  ;  and 
it  was  a  touching  sight  to  see  him  exhorting  the 
youthful  converts  to  be  faithful  to  their  vows,  when 
they  presented  themselves  for  church-membersliip. 
His  silvery  locks  and  tearful  eye  and  tremulous- 
voice  emphasized  his  pious  advice  with  a  power 
and  pathos  which  subdued  every  heart. 

He  courted  the  confidence  of  his  brethren  more 
than  the  praises  of  politicians.  Late  in  life  he  at- 
tended a  meeting  of  the  Sarepta  Association,  and, 
quite  unexpectedly  to  himself,  was  elected  moder- 
ator. His  heart  was  touched  by  the  respect  thus 
expressed,  and  he  subsequently  remarked  that  no 
office  which  worldly  men  had  conferred  ever  gave- 
him  such  pleasure  as  the  confidence  thus  exhibited 
by  his  brethren  in  calling  him  to  preside  over  tlieir 
deliberations.  He  was  a  man  of  great  faith  and 
large  heart,  and  with  a  nature  as  tender  and  sen- 
sitive as  a  woman's.  Afflictions  severe  and  fre- 
quent kept  his  heart  soft.  "  He  had,"  said  one 
who  knew  him  most  intimately,  "  as  much  real, 
heart-breaking,  continued  trouble  as  any  one  I 
have  ever  known,  yet  such  was  his  fixith  in  God 
that  he  could  rejoice  at  all  times."  He  was  ac- 
customed to  say,  "  I  would  rather  walk  in  the  dark 
with  God  than  go  alone  in  the  light.  My  dear 
Lord  appoints  all  my  troubles,  and  I  brush  away 
the  coming  tears  when  I  think  that  it  is  his  will." 

At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  probably  the 
oldest  Baptist,  as  he  was  certainly  among  the 
oldest  citizens,  of  the  State.  He  served  his  gener- 
ation faithfully,  by  the  will  of  God,  and  then  fell 
asleep, — that 

*'  blessed  sleep, 
From  which  none  ever  wakes  to  weep." 

Lung',  Rev.  A.  H.,  was  born  in  Rush,  Susque- 
hanna Co.,  Pa.,  Nov.  1,  1826.  He  received  hi? 
first  lessons  at  school  from  Bcnj.  F.  Bently,  now 
Judge  Bently,  of  AVilliamsport,  Pa. 

At  the  age  of  eleven  years  he  found  Christ,  and 
was  baptized  at  thirteen  by  Rev.  Davis  Diniock, 
and  became  a  member  of  the  Rush  Baptist  church. 


LUNSFORD 


•26 


LUSH 


For  two  years  he  taught  school.  lie  then  became 
a-student  in  Hartford  Academy,  in  Northeastern 
Pennsylvania,  and  after  two  and  a  half  years  was 
admitted  into  Lewisburg  University,  jind  gradu- 
ated in  1853.  He  entered  the  theological  semi- 
nary at  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  and  completed  his  course 
in  the  class  of  1855. 

Acting  as  a  supply,  he  preached  as  opportunity 
offered  until  May,  1857,  when  he  became  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  cliurch  at  Canandaigua,  N.  Y.,  and  was 
ordained  the  following  August. 

Here  he  labored  with  marked  success  until  the 
breaking  out  of  the  war.  In  January,  1862,  he 
was  commissioned  as  chaplain  of  the  33d  Regiment 
Iv".  Y.  Vols.  While  on  the  Peninsula,  Ya.,  he  was 
attacked  with  severe  illness,  and  for  several  days 
lay  in  the  hospital  at  Fortress  Monroe  at  the  point 
of  death.  Recovering,  he  remained  with  his  regi- 
ment until  it  was  mustered  out  of  service,  a  little 
before  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  after  which  Re  re- 
sumed his  pastorate  at  Canandaigua.  In  Septem- 
ber, 1864,  he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Germantown,  Philadelphia. 
Here  his  ministry  was  signally-blessed  in  the  con- 
version of  many  souls.  In  1866  he  laid  the  corner- 
stone of  the  chapel  now  known  as  the  Second 
Baptist  church  of  Germantown,and  his  church  dis- 
missed a  colony  to  aid  in  formirjg  the  organization. 

In  1867  he  was  permitted  to  enjoy  the  most  gra- 
cious revival  of  his  whole  ministry.  In  a  single 
year  he  gave  the  hand  of  fellowship  to  202  new 
members,  179  of  whom  were  received  by  baptism. 

In  1868  he  planted  a  mission  in  Lower  German- 
town,  erected  a  chapel,  and  organized  a  clmvch, 
which  became  the  Third  Baptist  church  of  G  -r- 
mantown. 

He  became  its  pastor,  and  remained  with  it 
with  much  success  until  June,  '  1872.  In  that 
year  he  was  called  to  take  the  pastorate  of  the 
Trinity  church  of  Camden,  N.  J.  He  is  now  in 
his  ninth  year  with  this  church,  which  has  grown 
from  90  to  about  400  members.  Mr.'  Lung  has 
baptized  712  persons  during  his  ministry. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Lew- 
isburg University  and  of  South  Jersey  Institute. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  board  of  managers  of 
the  Now  Jersey  Baptist  Education  Society  and  of 
the  American  Baptist  Historical  Society.  He  is  a 
diligent  worker,  a  conscientious  Christian,  and  a 
successful  pastor. 

LunSford,  Rev.  Lewis,  was  bom  in  the  county 
of  StiilFord,  Va.,  about  the  year  1753.  He  was 
bajitized  by  the  Rev.  Wm.  Fristoe,  and,  uniting 
■with  the  Potomac  church,  now  Ilortwood,  he 
began  at  once  to  preach.  His  labors  in  the  North- 
ern Neck  of  Virginia  were  greatly  blessed,  and 
many  were  added  to  the  churches  which  he  him- 
self had    organized.     In   the   year    1778   he   was 


chosen  pastor  of  the  Moratico  church,  just  then 
constituted,  and  he  continued  in  that  relation  until 
his  death,  which  occurred  Oct.  26, 1793.  ]\Ir.  Luns- 
fordj  in  many  respects,  was  a  remarkable  man. 
His  zeal  in  the  work  of  his  Master  is  seen  in  the 
fact  that  he  would  sometimes  rise  from  his  sick- 
bed and  preach  a  thrilling  sermon  to  the  waiting 
crowds  ;  also  in  the  fact  that  he  would  start  on  long 
and  wearisome  journeys  in  the  most  stormy  weather 
to  meet  either  regular  or  special  appointments. 
His  journeyings  took  him  three  different  times  as 
far  as  Kentucky,  preaching  the  gospel  everywhere, 
and  he  was  listened  to'  by  thronging  crowds  of 
anxious  and  delighted  hearers.  In  his  spare  hours 
he  was  a  diligent  student,  and  among  his  acquire- 
ments was  quite  an  accurate  knowledge  of  medi- 
cine, which  made  him  specially  useful  among  fam- 
ilies to  whom  he  might,  otherwise,  not  have  had 
access.  As  a  man,  Lunsford  stood  among  the  fore- 
most in  his  State  for  consistency  of  character,  ami- 
ability of  deportment,  and  an  example  of  all  the 
nobler  traits  of  human  nature  ;  while  his  powers 
of  reasoning,  the  keenness  of  his  sarcasm,  and  his 
undaunted  spirit,  made  him  a  terror  to  the  wicked. 
As  a  preacher,  he  had  but  few  equals  in  his  day. 
His  presence  was  commanding ;  his  voice  strong 
and  well  modulated ;  his  conceptions  quick  and 
elevated ;  and  his  whole  manner  attractive  in  the 
highest  degree.  Lunsford,  with  other  Baptists  of 
those  days,  met  with  considerable  pei'secution  at 
the  hands  of  the  ignorant  and  the  bigoted.  He 
was  frequently  threatened,  sometimes  assaulted, 
and  more  than  once  in  great  danger  ;  but  his  pru- 
dence and  perseverance  overcame,  in  a  measure, 
this  hostility.  Dr.  Jeter  has  said  of  him,  "  He 
was  eminently  useful,  and  the  churches  which  he 
founded  have  enjoyed  a  large  measure  of  pros- 
perity. .  .  .  He  would  have  been  distinguished  in 
any  age  and  country ;  .  .  .  and.  though  taken  from 
the  field  of  labor  in  the  vigor  of  his  days,  but  few 
have  accomplished  more  than  he  for  the  extension 
of  the  Redeemer's  kingdom." 

Lush,  The  Right  Honorable  Sir  Robert,  a 

lord  justice  of  the  English  High  Court  of  Ap- 
peals, has  been  for  many  j'ears  a  prominent  mem- 
ber of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  England.  He 
was  born  at  Shaftesbury,  ^Wiltshire,  Oct.  25,  1807, 
and  was  cdacated  in  his  native  town.  He  was 
called  to  the  bar  in  1840.  and  practised  with  suc- 
cess in  the  Chancery  courts,  his  professional  ser- 
vices being  held  in  high  esteem  by  the  leading 
commercial  men  of  the  metropolis.  In  1857  he  oli- 
tained  the  dignity  of  Queen's  counsel,  and  in  186.') 
he  was  elevated  to  the  bench  and  received  the  honor 
of  knighthood,  to  which  has  since  been  added  the 
dignity  of  a  Privy  Counsellor.  Sir  Robert  Lush 
married  the  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Christopher 
'Woollacot,    many   years  pastor  of  the  venerable 


LUTHER 


727 


LUTHER 


church  in  Little  Wild   Street,  London,  and  with 
that  church  he  was  associated  until  the  or<;aniza- 


THE    RIGHT    HONORABLE    SIR    ROHERT    I.TSII. 

tion  of  the  Regent's  Park  church,  under  Dr.  Lan- 
dcls,  in  1857.  Since  that  time  he  has  served  the 
church  in  the  office  of  deacon  with  zeal  and  devo- 
tion, and  has  been  a  rtady  helper  of  the  pastor  in 
every  good  work,  lie  has  also  taken  a  lively  in- 
terest in  the  Missionary  Society,  and  has  been  for 
several  years  one  of  the  treasurers  of  the  Particular 
Baptist  Fund.  Several  treatises  on  points  of  law 
attest  liis  professional  eminence,  and  he  was  gazetted 
in  1878  as  one  of  the  members  of  the  Royal  Com- 
mission appointed  to  inquire  into  the  provisions  of 
the  Draft  Code  relating  to  Indictable  Offenses. 

Luther,  John  Hill,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Warren, 
R.  I.,  June  21,  1824.  On  his  mother's  side  he  is 
of  Huguenot  origin,  while  his  ancestors  on  the 
father's  side  were  among  the  Welsh  emigrants 
who  founded  one  of  the  earliest  Baptist  churches 
on  the  American  continent,  the  Rev.  Samuel 
Luther  being  the  second  pastor  of  the  Swansea 
Baptist  church.  lie  graduated  at  Brown  Uni- 
versity in  1847.  Among  his  classmates  were  Prof. 
G.  P.  Fisher,  of  Yale  College ;  Dr.  J.  P.  Boyce,  of 
the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary  ;  R.  A. 
Guild,  LL.D.,  of  Providence;  and  Benjamin  Thomas, 
a  missionary  to  Burmah.  lie  graduated  at  New- 
ton Theological  Seminary  in  18.")0  ;  taught  three 
.years  in  Georgia  Itofore  ordination  ;  was  pastor  of 
Blackswamp  and  Old  Pendleton  churches,  S.  C, 
18')4-58  ;  president  of  Young  Ladies'  Seminary  in 
Kansas  City,  Mo..  1858-61  ;  pastor  of  Miami 
church    during   the    war,    1861-65;    of    Palmyra 


church,  1865-68  ;  established  The  Central  Baptist 
in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  in  18G6,  and  edited  it  for  nine 
and  a  half  years;  pastor  of  Fee  Fee  church  in 
St.  Louis  Co.,  Mo.,  the  oldest  Protestant  church 
west  of  the  Mississippi ;  pastor  of  Second  Baptist 
church,  Galveston,  Texas,  one  year,  ending  August, 
1878  ;  now  president  of  Baylor  Female  College,  In- 
dependence, Texas.  His  training  under  Waylaiid. 
Sears,  and  Hackett,  his  association  with  Sherwood 
and  Campbell,  of  Georgia,  Johnson  and  the  elder 
Manly,  of  South  Carolina,  have  fitted  him  for  ex- 
tended usefulness.  The  journals  of  Louisville  and 
Boston  speak  of  him  as  a  fine  rhetorical  scholar,  a 
thorough  theologian,  and  an  accomplished  editor. 
William  Jewell  Colleg-e  conferred  on  him  the  de- 


JOHN     Hir.I.    I.ITHER,   D.P. 

grce  of  D.D.  He  is  also  a  menil)er  of  the  Phi  Beta 
Kapjia  Society.      He  is  in  the  prime  of  his  powers. 

Luther,  Rev.  Robert  M.,  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, Pa.,  in  1842.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  ho  united 
with  the  Chambers  Presbyterian  church,  in  Phila- 
delphia. For  more  than  two  years  he  continued 
his  connection  with  this  1)ody,  and  pursued  prepar- 
atory studies  with  a  view  to  entering  the  Christian 
ministry.  In  August,  1859,  through  witnessing  a 
baptism  in  the  Tabernacle  church,  Philadelphia, 
administered  by  Rev.  W.  T.  Brantly,  D.D.,  he  was 
led  to  be  baptized  according  to  the  requirements  of 
the  Scriptures. 

This  course  involved  a  temporary  separation  from 
his  relatives,  and  gave  him  a  practical  experience 
of  the  blessedness  of  putting  his  whole  trust  in  the 
Lord,  which  determined  to  some  extent  his  after- 
course. 


LYNDON 


J2H 


LYNDON 


He  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Nicetown 
cTiurch  of  Philadelphia  in  1860,  and  after  com- 
pleting his  studies  at  Princeton,  N.  J.,  was  ordained 
April  4,  1864,  by  a  council  called  by  the  Nicetown 
church.  About  a  year  previous  to  this  time  he  had 
decided  to  enter  the  foreign  mission  field.  In  May, 
1864,  havingrecently  married  Calista,  only  daughter 
of  Rev.  Dr.  J.  H.  Vinton,  our  sainted  missionary 
to  the  Karens,  Mr.  Luther  and  his  wife  sailed  for 
Burmah,  and  having  joined  the  Rangoon  mission 
to  the  Karens,  they  began  there  the  work  of  edu- 
cating the  future  preachers  and  teachers  of  the 
mission.  Mr.  Luther  was  chosen  president  of  the 
Pegu  High  and  Normal  School.  The  mathematical 
department  was  committed  to  Mrs.  Luther.  The 
theological  class  numbered  usually  about  25  mem- 
bers, and  was  conducted  entirely  by  Mr.  Luthei-. 
The  vacation  of  four  months  was  spent  in  jungle 
work  and  in  conducting  a  series  of  evangelistic 
labors  among  the  heathen.  Having  studied  medi- 
cine, much  of  the  influence  attained  over  the  heathen 
communities  was  due  to  Mr.  Luther's  medical  skill, 
and  thus  by  a  combination  of  labors  he  and  his 
faithful  wife  were  enabled  to  do  good  service  for 
Christ  and  the  church.  They  were  not  appointed 
by  any  society,  preferring  to  labor  independently, 
and  upon  the  work  of  the  Rangoon  mission  they 
expended  their  entire  property.  Excessive  labor 
and  exposure  ruined  Mr.  Luther's  health,  and  he 
was  carried  on  board  ship  in  Japuary,  1870,  and 
supposed  to  be  at  the  point  of  death.  The  voyage, 
however,  and  the  unwearied  care  of  his  devoted 
companion,  saved  his  life,  and  he  landed,  after  more 
than  six  years'  absence,  in  July,  1870,  upon  his 
native  shores. 

He  has  since  been  actively  engaged  in  the  work 
of  the  ministry  in  this  country.  He  served  the 
Fifth  Baptist  church  of  Philadelphia  for  seven 
months  as  stated  supply,  during  which  period  about 
100  were  led  to  Christ,  principally  from  the  Sab- 
bath-school. Needing  a  colder  climate  in  order  to 
control  the  frequent  attacks  of  the  malarial  disease 
contracted  in  the  Burmese  jungles,  he  accepted  a 
call  to  Bennington,  Vt.,  where  he  remained  for 
more  than  nine  years,  having  a  very  successful 
pastorate.  He  resigned  his  charge  at  the  request 
of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  American  Bap- 
tist Missionary  Union,  at  the  same  time  declining 
a  call  from  the  church  at  Waltham,  Mass.,  to  ac- 
cept the  position  of  district  secretary  of  the  Mis- 
sionary Union  for  the  Southern  District.  He 
entered  upon  his  labors  Oct.  1,  1880. 

Lyndon^  Gov.  Jonas,  was  born  in  Newport, 
II.  I.,  March  10,  1704.  His  relatives  were  among 
tlie  honored  and  respected  citizens  of  his  birth- 
place, and  he  received  in  early  life  a  good  educa- 
tion. At  the  age  of  twenty-six  he  was  chosen 
clerk  of  the  lower  house  of  the  General  Assembly, 


and  of  the  Superior  Court  of  the  county  of  New- 
port, Avhich  offices  he  held  for  many  years,  dis- 
charging his  duties  with  great  fidelity.  The  year 
1758  is  memorable  in  Rhode  Island  history,  it 
being  the  year  in  which  commenced  an  exciting 
struggle  for  the  governorship  between  the  friends 
of  Samuel  Ward  and  Stephen  Hopkins.  Strife 
raged  with  great  violence  until,  as  we  are  told, 
"  such  was  the  heart-burning  hostility  of  the  bel- 
ligerent parties  as  very  greatly  to  impair  the  enjoy- 
ment of  domestic  tranquillity  and  interrupt  the 
hospitalities  of  social  life."  Success  and  defeat  at 
different  times  fell  to  the  lot  of  the  rival  candidates, 
and  for  ten  years  the  State  was  the  scene  of  bitter 
animosity.  At  last  the  parties  interested  seem  to 
have  been  aware  that  the  time  had  come  to  put  an 
end  to  the  quarrel,  and  amicable  arrangements 
were  made  for  the  election  of  a  governor,  both  Mr. 
Ward  and  Mr.  Hopkins  stepping  aside  to  give  place 
for  the  introduction  of  a  new  name.  It  is  an  in- 
dication of  the  esteem  in  which  Jonas  Lyndon  Avas 
held  by  his  fellow-citizens  that  he  was  at  once  se- 
lected as  a  candidate  to  fill  the  most  important 
position  in  the  State,  and  chosen  by  them  to  occupy 
the  gubernatorial  chair,  his  term  of  service  com- 
mencing May  1,  1768.  Gov.  Lyndon  came  into 
office  at  a  time  of  great  interest  in  the  colonies. 
Signs  of  growing  hostility  to  the  arbitrary  measures 
of  the  British  government'were  exhibiting  them- 
selves on  all  hands.  In  Rhode  Island,  where  there 
was  the  declaration  of  sincere  loyalty  to  the  crown, 
there  was  no  hesitancy  in  giving  utterance  to  an 
earnest  protest  against  the  infringement  of  the 
rights  of  the  citizens.  In  Bartlett's  "  Records  of 
the  Colony  of  Rhode  Island"'  we  find  a  lengthy 
correspondence  between  Gov.  Lyndon  and  the  Earl 
of  Hillsborough  touching  matters  in  which  the 
citizens  of, Rhode  Island  felt  the  deepest  interest, 
and  a  letter  also  which  the  governor  wrote  to  the 
king.  In  the  letter,  after  giving  expression  to  the 
most  loyal  afiection  for  "  His  Most  Excellent  Ma- 
jesty," Gov.  Lyndon  and  the  "Company  of  the 
English  Colotiy  of  Rhode  Island  and  Providence 
Plantations  in  New  England  in  General  Assembly 
convened,  beg  leave  with  great  humility  to  lay 
before  your  majesty  a  representation  of  our  griev- 
ances, and  to  offer  our  humble  supplications  for 
redress."  •'After  alluding  to  the  close  ties  which 
unite  them  to  the  mother-country,  and  briefly  re- 
hearsing the  history  of  the  events  Avhich  led  to  the 
establishment  of  the  New  England  colonies,  and 
dwelling  with  emphasis  on  the  rights  and  immuni- 
ties guaranteed  to  Rliode  Island  by  the  charter  of 
King  Charles  II.,  especially  the  "  exclusive  right  of 
giving  and  granting  their  own  money  bj'  themselves 
or  by  their  representatives,"  the  letter  of  Gov. 
Lyndon  goes  on  to  say,  "  It  is  with  the  greatest 
concern  and  grief  that  your  majesty's  loyal  subjects 


LYNDON 


729 


LYON 


in  this  colony  find  tlioir  property  given  iind  granted 
by  your  majesty's  l*ariianient  without  their  con- 
sent. Although  we  have  the  highest  veneration 
for  that  most  august  body,  to  whom  we  cheerfully 
and  readily  submit,  as  to  the  supreme  legislature 
of  the  whole  empire,  in  all  things  consistent  with 
the  first  and  most  fundamental  rights  of  nature, 
yet  we  humbly  conceive  that  the  late  acts  of 
Parliament  imposing  duties  and  taxes  upon  your 
majesty's  subjects  in  America,  not  for  the  regula- 
tion of  commerce  merely,  but  for  the  express  pur- 
pose of  raising  a  revenue,  thereby  giving  and 
granting  the  property  of  the  Americans,  without 
their  consent,  to  be  an  infringement  of  those  rights 
and  privileges  derived  to  us  from  nature,  and  from 
the  British  constitution,  and  conformed  by  our 
charter,  and  the  uninterrupted  enjoyment  of  them 
for  more  than  a  century  past."  This  letter,  ex- 
pressive of  the  sentiments  of  the  General  Assembly 
of  Rhode  Island,  and  signed  by  its  patriotic  gov- 
ernor, was  accompanied  with  two  others  to  the 
Earl  of  Hillsborough,  in  which  the  same  views 
were  presented.  The  throe  communications  were 
sent  to  Joseph  Sherwood,  Ksq.,  the  agent  of  the 
colony  in  London,  to  wiiom  the  governor  wrote, 
"  By  these  you  will  know  the  sentiments  of  the 
General  Assembly  upon  the  late  acts  of  Parliament 
for  raising  a  revenue  upon  the  free  inhabitants  of 
the  colonies  without  their  consent.  They  look 
upon  them  as  incompatible  with  their  rights,  and 
with  their  existence  as  a  free  people ;  and  they 
have  no  doubt  but  that  you  will  exert  your  utmost 
endeavors  to  obtain  a  repeal  of  these  acts."  Those 
letters  to  the  king  and  the  Earl  of  Hillsborough 
produced  no  change  in  the  policy  of  the  British 
Parliament.  Mr.  Sherwood  in  communicating  the 
circumstances  that  he  had  delivered  the  documents 
forwarded  to  his  care,  writes,  "  We  learned  yes- 
terday from  one  of  his  majesty's  ministers  that 
the  legislature  is  determined  not  to  repeal  those 
acts  for  the  present,  but  to  enforce  the  execution 
of  them  ;  yet  such  enforcement  is  intended  to  be 
executed  with  lenity  and  mildness  if  it  can  ;  but  at 
all  events  the  execution  of  those  acts  will  at  present 
be  enforced,  according  to  the  best  information  we 
can  get."' 

The  administration  of  Gov.  Lyndon  continued 
but  for  one  year,  from  May  1,  1708,  to  May  1, 
1769.  His  declination  for  another  term  seems  to 
have  been  a  voluntary  act  on  his  part.  It  may  be 
that  he  saw  that  difficulties  and  dangers  were 
gathering  around  the  colony,  and  he  shrank  from 
the  grave  responsibilities  which  might  fall  upon 
him  as  the  chief  magistrate  of  the  State.  Ilis 
habits  of  life  rather  fitted  him  for  the  quiet  clerical 
pursuits  in  which  he  had  so  long  been  engaged. 
The  Hon.  J.  R.  Bartlett  speaks  of  him  as  "  of  an 
amiable  and  something  of  a  literary  character  :  he 
47  ■ 


had  Ijeen  many  years  clerk  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  for  the  county  of  Newport,  which  place  he 
held  undisturbed  by  either  party.  He  was  of  mild 
and  inoffensive  manners  ;  moderate  in  politics,  as 
well  as  in  his  general  deportment.  He  held  the 
place  of  governor  only  one  year,  when,  by  nis  own 
consent,  he  left  the  gubernatorial  chair  to  resume 
his  former  office  of  clerk  of  the  Common  Pleas, 
which  place  he  held  until  his  death." 

Although  not  a  communicant,  Gov.  Lyndon  was 
a  warm  friend  and  supporter  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Newport,  and  a  constant  attendant  on  its 
worship.  In  conjunction  with  another  person, 
Ilezekiah  Carpenter,  he  gave  the  lot  on  which 
the  church  edifice  stands,  and  iilso  a  parsonage, 
which  stood  on  the  lot  on  which  the  "  Perry 
House''  was  subsequently  built.  Upon  the  occu- 
pancy of  Newport  by  the  British  he  removed  to 
Warren,  R.  I.,  where  he  died  of  smallpox,  March 
30,  1778. 

Lynn,  Rev.  Benjamin,  "  the  Daniel  Boone  of 
the  Kentucky  pulpit,"  is  known  only  as  the  hunter- 
preacher  of  Southern  Kentucky.  The  earliest  ac- 
count we  have  of  him  is  that  he  was  a  wandering 
hunter  in  the  Green  River  Valley  before  its  settle- 
ment. As  soon  as  a  few  people  had  settled  in 
stockade  forts  along  the  river  to  which  he  had 
given  his  name,  he  formed  No-Lynn  (now  called 
South  Fork)  church  of  Separate  Baptists,  in  1782,  ac- 
cording to  tradition,  in  what  is  now  La  Rue  County. 
Three  years  after  he  gathered  Pottingess  Creek 
church,  in  Nelson  County,  and  a  little  later  Level- 
woods  church,  in  La  Rue  County.  His  name  is 
connected  with  the  traditions  and,  in  some  cases, 
with  the  earliest  records  of  the  oldest  churches  lo- 
cated in  Southern  Kentucky,  near  the  Tennessee 
line.  Ilis  name  is  preserved  in  No-Lynn  (now 
written  Nolin)  River,  Lynn  Camp  Creek,  Nolin 
church,  Lynn  Association,  and  otlier  localities  and 
religious  bodies. 

Lyon,  Rev.  Albert  Jonathan,  was  bom  in 
Sturbridge,  Mass.,  July  11,  184j!.  When  he  was 
ten  years  of  age  his  family  removed  to  Newport, 
iNIinn.  He  was  prepared  for  college  by  Rev.  Dr. 
Drury.  While  pursuing  his  studies  he  became  a 
Christian,  and  was  baptized  by  his  father.  Rev.  A. 
S.  Lyon,  in  June,  1863.  One  year  of  his  univer- 
sity Course  was  spent  in  Shurtleff,  and  the  last 
three  in  Rochester  University,  where  he  graduated 
in  1871.  He  entered  the  Rochester  Theological 
Seminary  to  prepare  for  the  ministry,  and  decided 
to  offer  himself  as  a  missionary.  He  sailed  from 
New  York  Oct.  24,  1877,  and  arrived  at  Rangoon 
December  27.  He  reached  Bhamo  Feb.  13,  1878. 
He  was  soon  attacked  by  a  fever,  and  died  March 
15.  Thus,  on  the  threshold  of  life  a  promising 
young  missionary  was  cut  off.  His  loss  was  deeply 
felt  by  his  companions  in  Christian  labor. 


MAC  ARTHUR 


730 


MACKENZIE 


M. 


MacArthur,  Robert  Stuart,  D.D.,  was  bom  at 

Dalesville,  Quebec,  Canada,  July  31,  1841.  His 
parents  came  from  the  HighJands  of  Scotland  to 
Canada.     His  father  is  a  Presbyterian,  but   his 


KOBERT    STUART    MACARTHUR,  D.D. 

mother  and  other  members  of  the  family  are  Bap- 
tists. He  was  converted  at  the  age  of  thirteen,  and 
baptized  at  Dalesville.  He  was  zealous  as  a  church 
member,  and  at  eighteen  began  to  hold  religious 
meetings  and  address  the  people.  He  prepared 
for  college  at  the' Canadian  Literary  Institute  at 
Woodstock,  Canada ;  was  graduated  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Rochester  in  1867,  taking  in  the  course  the 
Sophomore  prize  for  declamation,  and  the  gold 
medal  for  the  best  written  and  delivered  oration 
at  graduation.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  Sept. 
25,  18G8;'was  graduated  in  the  theological  semi- 
nary at  Rochester  in  1870.  While  in  the  seminary 
he  preached  on  Sunday  evenings  at  Lake  Avenue 
chapel,  which  resulted  in  many  conver.sions  and 
the  organization  of  a  church  now  flourishing. 

In  June,  1870,  he  accepted  the  call  of  the  Cal- 
vary B.aptist  church,  on  Twenty-third  Street,  New 
York,  where  he  has  since  labored  with  marked 
ability  and  success.  He  is  now  one  of  the  leading 
ministers  in  that  city. 


MacgOWan,  Rev.  Jolm,  was  born  in  Edin- 
burgh, Scotland,  about  1726.  He  was  converted 
among  the  Wesleyan  Methodists,  and  by  them  or- 
dained to  the  ministry.  Discovering  the  unscrip- 
tural  character  of  Arminianism,  he  left  the  Meth- 
odists and  united  with  the  Congregationalists : 
light  continuing  to  increase  upon  him,  he  followed 
the  Saviour  in  immersion.  In  July,  1767,  he  was 
ordained  pastor  of  the  Devonshire  Square  church, 
London.  He  continued  in  this  office  till  his  death, 
which  occurred  Nov.  25,  1780. 

Mr.  Macgowan  had  a  powerful  imagination,  a 
clear  intellect,  and  a  heart  full  of  love  to  Jesus. 

As  an  author,  he  became  well  known  beyond  the 
limits  of  his  own  denomination.  His  "  Dialogues 
of  Devils"  has  passed  through  a  number  of  edi- 
tions, and  its  pages  are  well  known  on  both  sides 
of  the  Atlantic  ;  this  book  deserves  a  place  in  the 
library  of  every  Christian.  His  other  books  are 
"  The  Shaver,  or  Priestcraft  Defended  ;  a  sermon, 
occasioned  by  the  expulsion  of  six  young  gentle- 
men from  the  University  o'f  Oxford  for  praying, 
reading,  and  expounding  the  Scriptures  ;  humbly 
dedicated  to  Mr.  Vice-Chancellor  and  the  Heads 
of  Houses;"  "Sermons  on  the  Book  of  Ruth;" 
"  The  Arian  and  Socinian  ^Monitor." 

Mackenzie,  Hon.  Alexander,  ex-prime  minis- 
ter of  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  was  born  Jan.  28, 
1822,  in  Logierait,  Perthshire,  Scotland.  In  his 
boyhood  he  attended  the  public  schools  of  Moulin, 
Dunkeld,  gnd  Perth  ;  but  at  the  age  of  fourteen 
the  death  of  his  father  made  it  necessary  for  him 
to  engage  in  industrial  pursuits.  He  learned  the 
business  of  an  architect  and  builder,  which  he  fol- 
lowed for  a  time  in  the  neighborhood  of  Irvine,  on 
the  coast  of  Ayrshire.  During  his  stay  there  he 
became  the  subject  of  saving  grace,  and  united 
with  the  Baptist  church  in  Irvine,  then  under  the 
pastoral  care  of  the  late  Dr.  Leechman.  In  1S42  he 
emigrated  to  Canada,  and  settled  in  Sarnia,  on  the 
St.  Clair  River,  where  he  commenced  business  as 
a  contractor,  meeting  \vith  well-merited  success. 
This  was  a  period  of  great  political  excitement  in 
the  Canadian  colony,  on  the  subject  of  Responsible 
Government.  The  masses  of  the  people,  in  oppo- 
sition to  the  ruling  faction,  demanded  that  public 
affairs  should  no  longer  be  managed  under  the  ir- 
responsible control  of  Downing  Street  nominees, 
but  that  Cabinet  ministers  should  have  seats  in  the 
Canadian  Legislature,  and  be  responsible  to  the 
Parliament   of   Canada    for    every    executive   act. 


MACKENZIE 


731 


MACLAREN 


The  contest  was  long  and  bitter;  but  at  a  gen- 
eral election,  in  1848,  the  lleformers  were  com- 
pletely victorious,  and  popular  government  became 
firmly  established.     It  was  not  possible  for  a  man 


IIOX.   ALEXANDER    MACKENZIE. 

of  Mr.  Mackenzie's  strong  political  convictions  and 
sympathies  to  stand  idly  by  when  such  a  struggle 
was  in  progress.  Very  shortly  after  his  arrival  in 
the  country  he  espoused  the  cause  of  the  people, 
and  was  soon  recognized  as  one  of  its  most  earnest 
and  fearless  advocates.  In  process  of  time  he  be- 
•came  the  acknowledged  editor  of  the  Lamhton 
Shield,  a  Liberal  paper,  which  he  conducted  for 
several  years  in  Sarnia  with  distinguished  ability. 
He  was  first  elected  to  Parliament  in  June,  1861, 
as  member  for  the  county  of  Lambton,  of  which 
Sarnia  is  the  county  town,  and  at  every  succeeding 
■election  he  has  been  returned  for  the  same  constitu- 
«ncy.  From  the  beginning  of  his  parliamentary 
career  he  has  taken  a  prominent  part  in  the  coun- 
<5il.s  of  the  nation,  lie  contributed  very  largely  to 
the  success  of  the  scheme  of  British  American  con- 
federation, which  was  accomplished  in  1865.  In 
the  fall  of  that  year  he  was  offered  a  seat  in  the 
Federal  Cabinet,  which  he  declined  because  he 
could  not  approve  the  commercial  policy  of  the 
government.  In  1871  he  was  elected  to  the  local 
Legislature  of  Ontario,  as  representative  of  West 
Middlesex,  and  soon  after  became  a  member  of  the 
Provincial  Administration.  But  finding  it  inexpe- 
•dient  for  a  member  of  the  Federal  Parliament  to 
busy  himself  with  local  legislation,  he  resigned 
both  seat  and  office  in  1872,  and  has  since  given 


his  undivided  attention  to  the  politics  of  the  Do- 
minion. Soon  after  this  he  became  the  recognized 
leader  of  the  Liberal  party,  and  in  1873  he  was 
made  prime  minister  of  Canada..  For  five  years 
he  discharged  the  duties  of  this  exalted  position 
with  rare  wisdom  and  fidelity,  laying  the  country 
of  his  adoption  under  a  debt  of  gratitude,  which 
history  will  not  fail  to  record.  In  187.'')-7(>  he  vis- 
ited Great  Britain,  where  he  was  warmly  welcomed 
by  Queen  Victoria  and  the  leading  statesmen  of 
the  empire.  In  Scotland  his  visit  was  a  series  of 
ovations,  men  of  all  ranks  and  parties  uniting  to 
do  liini  honor.  lie  received  the  "freedom"'  of  sev- 
eral Scotch  burghs,  and  many  other  marks  of  pop- 
ular appreciation  ;  but  the  order  of  knighthood, 
tendered  him  by  her  majesty  in  recognition  of  his 
distinguished  public  services,  he  felt  himself  obliged 
to  decline. 

Mr.  Mackenzie  is  a  man  of  superior  mental  cul- 
ture and  of  great  intellectual  power.  In  private 
life  he  manifests  the  most  kindly  disposition,  with- 
out the  slightest  ostentation  or  assumption.  He  is 
(1881)  a  member  of  the  Jarvis  Street  Baptist 
church,  Toronto,  Ontario,  a  trustee  of  the  To- 
ronto Baj)tist  College,  and  a  warm  friend  to  the 
work  of  the  denomination  generally. 

Maclaren,  Alexander,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Glas- 
gow, Scotland,  in  1825.  His  father  was  for  many 
years  a  pastor  of  the  Scotch  Baptist  church  in  that 
city,  and  was  held  in  high  rep\itation  by  his  brethren 
as  an  expositor  of  the  divine  AV^ord.  On  his  father's 
removal  to  Australia,  he  attended  the  ministry  of 
Dr.  James  Paterson,  for  forty-six  years  pastor  of 
the  Hope  Street  Baptist  church  in  Glasgow,  and 
was  baptized  on  May  7,  1840.  When  not  much 
more  than  sixteen  years  of  age  he  was  entered  at 
Stepney  College,  London,  as  a  student  for  the  min- 
istry. He  made  thorough  and  honorable  progress 
in  all  the  studies  of  that  seminary,  and  at  the  close  of 
the  course  took  the  B.A.  degree  at  the  London  Uni- 
versity, with  the  prize  for  proficiency  in  the  Hebrew 
and  Greek  Scriptures.  His  first  settlement  was  at 
Portland  chapel,  Southampton,  where  a  notable 
minister,  Rev.  John  Pulsford,  had  preached  for  a 
few  years,  and  a  very  mixed  congregation  had  been 
gathered.  At  the  time  of  Mr.  Maclaren's  settle- 
ment the  attendance  was  small,  and  for  some  years 
few,  if  any,  signs  of  progress  appeared.  The 
young  minister  was  for  a  time  uncertain  whether 
his  ministry  slmuld  be  continued,  but  he  persevered 
in  his  course,  making  for  himself  the  reputation  of 
an  original  and  reverent  thinker.  His  peculiar 
treatment  of  sacred  themes  in  the  pulpit,  and  his 
unclerical  attire,  led  some  of  his  neighbors  to  think 
he  was  heterodox.  But  Mr.  ^laclaren  lived  down 
all  suspicion  of  heterodoxy,  and  it  became  evident 
to  all  that  the  town  possessed  in  the  young  Baptist 
pastor  a  public  teacher  ofgreat  gifts.     The  church 


MACLAY 


73-2 


MACLAY 


was  tilled,  and  ultimately  crowded.  In  1858  he 
was  induced  to  remove  to  Manchester,  to  become 
pastor  of  a  church  founded  on  similar  principles 
of  organization  to  that  at  Southampton.  -Since  that 
time  his  fame  as  a  preacher  and  writer  has  steadily 
risen.  The  great  mercantile  city  cherishes  his  name 
as  one  of>  her  choice  possessions,  while  the  literary 
and  theological  world  esteems  Dr.  Maclaren  one  of 
the  foremost  preachers  of  the  age.  By  the  denomi- 
nation he  is  regarded  as  a  tower  of  strength  ;  his 
attachment  to  the  distinctive  tenets  of  the  body 
being  known  to  all.  He  filled  the  chair  of  the 
Baptist  Union  in  1875,  and  is  a  zealous  promoter 
of  the  missions  and  otlier  denominational  enter- 
prises. He  is  in  great  request  as  a  lecturer,  but  for 
the  most  part  he  gives  himself  to  pulpit  and  pas- 
toral work.  A  very  large  edifice  recently  built  is 
already  too  small  to  accommodate  the  congregation, 
and  the  church  is  the  centre  of  evangelistic  ac- 
tivity. Several  editions  of  his  sermons  have  been 
published  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic.  He  has 
also  written  a  little  book  on  Italy,  w-hich  attracted 
favorable  notice.  The  Edinburgh  University  grace- 
fully tendered  him  the  degree  of  D.D.  in  1878,  in 
recognition  of  his  distinguished  ability  as  a  theolo- 
gian and  a  preacher. 

Maclay,  Archibald,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Kil- 
learn,  Scotland,  May  14,  1778,-  and  died  in  New 


.AKCIlIllAl.n     MACl.AV,    ».I). 


York,  May  2,  18()().  The  family  removed  to  Glas- 
gow, where  he  formed  the  acquaintance  of  the  learned 
Christian  philanthropist,  Robert  Ilaldanc.  To  him 
he  made  known  his  wish   to   prepare  for  the  min- 


istry, and  Mr.  Haldane  gave  him  the  means  to 
procure  an  education.  In  1802  he  commenced 
preaching  as  a  Congregationalist  at  Kirkcaldy,  in 
Fifeshire.  In  1804  he  was  appointed  a  missionary 
to  the  East  Indies,  but  the  British  government  in- 
terfei-ed  and  the  project  was  abandoned.  Then, 
through  the  advice  of  Mr.  Haldane,  he  sailed  for 
New-York  ;  commenced  preaching  in  Rose  Street, 
and  soon  organized  a  Congregational  church. 
Three  years'  later  his  investigations  and  convic- 
tions led  him  to  unite  with  the  Baptists,  and  the 
majority  of  his  church  in  Rose  Street  followed  him. 

A  Baptist  church,  now  known  as  the  Tabernacle 
church,  was  organized,  of  which  he  remained  pastor 
until  1837,  when  he  resigned,  to  become  the  gen- 
eral agent  of  the  American  and  Foreign  Bible  So- 
ciety. He  labored  with  great  success  in  this  work 
for  thirteen  years,  traveling  over  all  parts  of  the 
United  States  and  the  British  provinces.  The  Bible 
Translation  Society  of  England  was  one  of  the  re- 
sults of  his  labors.  In  1850  he  assisted  in  organ- 
izing, and  became  the  general  agent  of  the  Ameri- 
can Bible  Union,  whose  main  object  was  the  revision 
of  the  English  Bible.  Becoming  dissatisfied  with 
its  management,  he  withdrew  from  it  in  1856,  and 
published  his  reasons  for  so  doing. 

One  of  his  addresses  in  favor  of  faithful  transla- 
tions was  issued  in  several  languages,  and  more 
than  a  hundred  thousand  copies  of  it  circulated. 
He  was  a  superior  preacher,  an  able  writer,  and  a 
successful  minister. 

Maclay,  Hon.  WiUiam  B.,  son  of  Archibald 
Maclay,  D.D.,  was  born  in  New  York  in  1812. 
After  four  years  at  the  University  of  New  York  he 
was  graduated  with  the  highest  honors  of  his  class 
in  1836,  the  valedictory  being-  awarded  to  him  by 
the  faculty.  He  was  immediately  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  council  of  the  university,  which  position 
he  still  holds.  He  was  elected  to  the  Legislature 
of  New  York  in  1840, 1841,  and  1S42.  He  is  known 
as  the  author  of  bills  which  passed  the  Legislature 
which  greatly  improved  the  facilities  of  the  higher 
courts  in  their  work,  and  lessened  the  expenses  of 
litigation.  In  1842  he  drafted  a  bill,  which  became 
a  law,  establishing  the  present  sj'stem  of  public 
schools  of  New  York,  of  which  he  has  the  honor 
of  lieing  the  founder.  5Ir.  Maclay  has  been  five 
times  elected'a  representative  in  Congress  from  his 
city.  With  great  credit  he  served  on  the  Com- 
mittee of  Ways  and  Cleans,  on  the  Committee  on 
Naval  Afl^airs.  and  on  other  important  committees. 
lie  was  prominent  in  securing  a  reduction  of  letter 
postage,  and  published  his  views  in  HunVs  Mer- 
fha)ili'  Magazine.  He  had  the  faculty  of  stating  his 
opinions  on  all  public  questions  with  clearness  and 
force,  and  therefore  carried  his  points  in  State  and 
national  legislation.  It  is  admitted  by  statesmen 
that  he  has  given  the  clearest  account  of  our  title 


MA  CLAY 


733 


MA  CON 


to  Oregon  of  any  man,  and  put  that  matter  beyond 
dispute.  Since  his  retirement  from  Congress  he 
has  held  no  office  except  that  of  commissioner  of 
tiie  New  York  and  Brooklyn  Bridfjo  Company, 
lie  is  a  member  and  supporter  of  the  Madison  Ave- 
nue Baptist  c()iifi;ri>i!;ation. 

Maclay,  William  W.,  a  grandson  of  Uov.  Dr. 
Arirliibaid  Maclay,  was  born  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  AJarch  27,  1845.  He  was  graduated  from 
the  U.  S.  Naval  Academy  in  1863,  and  was  imme- 
diately commissioned  ensign  in  the  navy.  For  gal- 
lant conduct  he  was  promoted  to  the  grade  of 
master  in  1865.  lie  served  with  Admiral  Porter 
in  both  bombardments  of  Fort  Fisher,  in  18G4  and 
1805.  In  1867  he  was  commissioned  lieutenant,  and 
in  1868  was  again  promoted,  to  lieutenant-com- 
mander. In  the  same  year  he  was  made  fleet- 
lieutenant  and  acting  fleet-captain  in  the  U.  S. 
Asiatic  Squadron.  Again,  in  1868,  he  was  ap- 
pointed instructor  of  mathematics  in  the  Naval 
Academy  at  Annapolis.  In  1870  he  was  elected 
corresponding  member  of  the  U.  S.  Geographical 
tSociety,  an<l  was  awarded  the  gold  medal  by  the 
society  on  practical  engineering,  and  was  then  ap- 
pointed an  engineer  of  the  dock  commission  of  the 
city  of  New  York,  which  position  he  still  holds. 
His  rapid  promotion  was  the  result  of  his  peculiar 
fitness  and  ability  for  the  service  assigned  him. 
His  essay  was  published  in  a  pamphlet  of  over  fifty 
pages  in  the  "  Transactions  of  the  American  Society 
of  Civil  Engineers,"'  and  shows  great  industry  and 
remarkable  talent  in  that  field  of  labor. 

Macon,  Hon.  Nathaniel,  was  born  in  Warren 
Co.,  \.  C.  He  was  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution, 
and  a  member  of  the  U.  S.  Congress  for  thirty- 
six  years;  whom  John  Randolph,  his  life-long 
friend,  remembered  in  his  will,  describing  him  as 
"  the  wisest  man  I  ever  knew  ;"  and  whom  Jeffer- 
son characterized  as  "  the  last  of  the  Romans." 
He  was  a  great  reader  of  the  Bible  and  a  staunch 
Baptist,  because  the  New  Testament  made  him 
one.  While  in  college  at  Princeton,  N.  J.,  nigh 
the  then  seat  of  war,  in  1777,  he  enlisted  in 
the  Continental  army  for  a  short  term.  When 
*.he  emergency  passed  he  studied  law,  but  when 
the  seat  of  war  was  transferred  south  he  again 
«nlisted.  Refusing  a  commission,  he  served  as  a 
private;  was  at  the  fall  of  Charleston  andthe  de- 
feat at  Camden,  S.  C.  :  retreated  with  Greene  be- 
fore Cornwallis  in  Virginia,  but  saw  his  surrender 
At  Yor.ktown  ;  retired  from  the  army  0!ily  when 
the  preliminary  treaty  of  peace  was  signed  in 
I7'^2,  and  refused  all  pay  during  his  service  and 
a  pension  after  the  war.  His  ability  and  integrity 
led  to  his  choice,  while  a  youth  ami  in  the  army, 
in  1780,  as  a  State  senator,  where  he  served  till 
1785.  He  opposed  the  payment  of  the  depreciated 
State  currency  except  at  its  market  value,  on  the 


ground  that  speculators  from  covetousness  had 
robbed  the  soldiers  in  their  need.  From  1787  to 
1789  he  opposed  the  adoption  of  the  U.  S.  Consti- 
tution as  giving  a  power  liable  to  be  abused  to  the 
oppression  of  the  people.  In  1791  he  entered  the 
U.  S.  Congr(!ss ;  was  a  member  of  the  lower  house 
till  1S15,  and  Speaker  from  1801  to  1806,  and  was 
then  in  the  U.  S.  Senate  from  1816  to  1828,  serving 
as  president  ;)ro  tern,  from  1825  to  1827.  He  stead- 
ily declined  cabinet  positions,  twice  refusing  Jef- 
ferson's efforts  to  secure  his  services  as  postmaster- 
general,  and  remonstrating  when,  in  1824,  Virginia 
cast  her  twenty-four  electoral  votes  for  him  as  Vice- 
President.  In  Congress,  as  in  his  State,  he  op- 
posed speculators  in  the  Continental  currency.  He 
supported  the  second  war  with  Groat  Britain  only 
on  the  ground  that  defensive,  notoffensive,  war  was 
justifiable.  He  voted  for  the  embargo,  but  against 
privateering,  the  increase  of  the  navy,  and  the 
building  of  forts,  except  for  home  defense.  From 
the  conviction  that  true  philanthropy,  as  well  as 
patriotism,  could  not  be  mercenary,  he  voted  in 
1795  against  a  grant  of  lands  to  the  Count  de 
Grasse,  and  in  1824  to  the  Marquis  de  La  Fayette. 
When  his  principles  triumphed  in  the  election  of 
Gen.  -Jackson,  he  felt  that  he  could  withdraw  from 
national  affairs.  During  his  long  public  life,  the 
sagacity  as  well  as  integrity  of  Mr.  Macon  won  the 
esteem  of  all  parties.  Called  in  1835  to  preside  in  the 
convention  that  revised  the  constitution  of  North 
Carolina,  his  marked  consistency  again  appeared. 
He  opposed  the  "  freehold"  qualification  of  voters 
because  it  fostered  a  landed  aristocracy.  An 
avowed  and  devout  Christian  believer,  he  opposed 
all  religious  tests  from  official  candidates,  since  the 
conscientious  doubter  was  more  reliable  than  an 
unscrupulous  taker  of  an  oath.  The  last  public 
position  held  by  Mr.  Macon  was  that  of  Presidential 
elector  in  1836,  when  Mr.  Van  Buren  was  chosen. 
To  a  friend  who  blamed  his  independent  course,  he 
explained  in  these  memorable  words,  under  date 
AVarren  Co.,  N.  C,  Oct.  6,  1836,  "  I  think  better  of 
the  people  than  most  men.  I  have  tried  them  in 
every  way,  and  never  found  them  wanting."  He 
was  taken  sick  only  a  few  hours  before  his  death. 
He  had  ordered  a  plain  wooden  coffin,  and  had  di- 
rected that  he  should  be  buried  on  a  rocky  knoll, 
where  the  plow  could  never  find  soil  to  tear,  and 
that  a  heap  of  loose  stones  only  should  mark  his 
grave.  The  only  memoir  of  his  life,  that  of  Ed- 
ward R.  Cotton,  Baltimore.  1840,  is  out  of  print. 
He  died  -June  29,  1837.  The  Democratic  Review 
for  October,  ls.'37,  Washington,  D.  C,  thus  opens 
its  notice:  '"There  is  no  man  in  the  history  of  this 
country  who  is  destined  to  a  higher  or  a  more  per- 
petual fame  than  Nathaniel  Macon  of  North  Caro- 
lina." The  pupils  of  Dr.  Wayland  will  imagine 
his   ethical    views    echoed   as   by  telephone    from 


MADISON 


734 


MADISON 


Rhode  Island  to  North  Carolina.  The  line  of 
Christian  heroes  is  not  broken  in  this  New  AVorld. 

Madison  University,  Hamilton,  ^.  Y.,  over- 
looks a  village  of  rare  beauty  and  healthfulness. 
It  is  near  tiie  geographical  centre  of  the  State,  and 
near  the  centre  of  a  new  net-work  of  railways,  which 
give  easy  communication  with  every  part  of  the 
State.  In  all  of  its  forms  it  is  sixty  years  old ;  was 
opened  as  a  school  in  1820  ;  organized  as  a  sem- 
inary, college,  and  academy  in  1834 ;  chartered  as 
a  university  in  1846.  As  a  university,  it  at  once 
appi'opriated  the  patronage,  organism,  faculty, 
classes,  alumni,  and  what  of  property  and  other 
resources  there  then  were  in  the  Hamilton  Literary 
and  Theological  Institution,  and  thus  were  united 
the  vigor  of  a  young  life  with  the  strength  and 
prestige  of  the  old. 

Early  patronage  was  wide-spread, — drawn  not 
from  New  York  only,  but  from  Vermont,  Massa- 
chusetts, Connecticut,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania, 
Ohio,  and  Michigan.  The  body  that  founded  it 
was  at  the  time  energetic  and  diffusive.  It  looked 
to  this  school  with  great  hope,  and  on  it  concen- 
trated its  best  offerings  and  fervent  prayers.  The 
school  was  strictly  indigenous,  springing  up  from 
the  smallest  of  beginnings,  brought  from  no  foreign 
land,  borrowing  its  plan  from  no  existing  institu- 
tion. It  grew  under  the  pressure  of  an  outward 
need  and  the  workings  of  an  inward  zeal,  and 
became  the  expression  of  a  denominational  sen- 
timent. Free  in  its  blessings  to  all,  it  yet  acknowl- 
edged its  chief  allegiance  to  those  representative 
Baptists  who  founded  it. 

The  times  that  gave  birth  to  this  enterprise  were 
eventful.  The  second  war  with  England  had  closed 
with  the  Treaty  of  Ghent,  Dec.  24,  1814,  and  Eng- 
lish domination  in  the  colonies  had  ceased.  The 
counti-y  was  stimulated  by  a  new  sense  of  freedom, 
and  the  American  idea  of  indep'endence  and  undis- 
puted sovereignty  in  the  Western  World  was  for 
the  first  time  having  full  scope.  Emigration,  with 
a  fuller  tide,  was  flowing  west  of  tlie  Hudson,  and 
carrying  New  England  arts,  manners,  education, 
religion,  and  thrift  over  this  State,  and  through  it 
into  the  Western  States. 

One  of  these  tides  moved  down  the  beautiful  val- 
ley of  the  Chenango,  and  towns,  villages,  schools, 
and  churches  sprung  up  in  the  valley  and  on  the 
hill.  Baptists  had  no  college  in  the  State  of  New 
York,  nor  had  they  any  schools  for  common  educa- 
tion or  for  the  education  of  the  ministry.  But  no 
Convention  was  called,  no  general  concert  of  action, 
no  resolutions  passed  determining  when,  where,  or 
how.  Almost  unconsciously  a  seed  was  dropped, 
a  prayer  was  offered, — 

"Sink,  little  seed,  in  tl\e  eftrth'e  black  mould, 
Sink  in  your  giave  so  wet  and  so  cold  ; 
Eartli  I  tlirow  over  you,  darkness  must  cover  you,'' — 


and  the  seed  germinated  and  grew,  almost  unob- 
served, but  vigorously. 

In  1817  thirteen  men  met.  They  gave  one  dol- 
lar each,  and  these  thirteen  dollars  were  the  begin- 
ning of  the  endowment.  Soon  Dr.  Baldwin,  of 
Boston,  and  thirty  others  gave  238  volumes,  and 
this  was  the  beginning  of  the  libraj-y.  A  room 
was  given  iu  the  chamber,  and  this  was  the  be- 
ginning of  the  college  buildings.  Two  .students 
came  in  poverty, — Wade  and  Kincaid, — and  tiiese 
were  the  beginning  of  generations  of  students. 
True,  such  beginnings  did  not  seem  auspicious. 
But  faith  gave  them  superhuman  energy.  This 
energy  had  push,  and  this  again,  vitalized  by  the 
idea  that  Baptists  must  have  an  institution  that 
furnished  a  complete  education,  gave  unexpected 
development  and  growth. 

The  alumni,  most  of  whom  have  graduated  from 
some  one  of  the  courses, — academical,  scientific, 
collegiate,  or  theological, — number  aljOut  2700. 
The  first  two  students.  Rev.  Jonathan  Wade,  D.D., 
and  Rev*.  Eugenio  Kincaid,  D.D.,  and  80  others, 
went  out  as  foreign  missionaries ;  21  are  counted 
as  presidents  of  colleges ;  88,  professors  and  prin- 
cipals; 63,  authors,  legislators,  and  Congressmen. 
The  alumni  are  found  in  all  the  professions,  but 
the  largest  number  are  ministers  of  the  gospel ;  130 
have  been  honored  with  the  Doctorate  from  differ- 
ent colleges  and  universities,  and  these  alumni 
are  found  in  every  quarter  of  the  globe  as  true 
representative  men.  The  three  schools  have  gradu- 
ated about  as  follows :  from  the  theological  semi- 
nary, 700  ;  from  the  college  or  university,  830 ; 
from  the  academy  or  grammar  school,  1200. 

The  annual  average  of  students  in  attendance  is 
about  as  follows :  in  the  theological  seminary,  35  ; 
in  the  college  or  university,  102 :  in  Colgate  Acad- 
emy, 100.  'Ladies  not  counted  in.  The  first  class 
that  took  the  full  college  course  of  four  years,  and 
graduated  in  1836,  numbered  26,  9  of  whom  ar& 
still  alive,  and  8  of  these  now  living  have  been 
honored  with,  the  Doctorate.  This  class  entered 
about  fifty  years  ago. 

If  you  inquire  after  the  faculty  that  has  taught 
this  large  body  of  students,  j^ou  will  find  that  many 
arc  gone, — Rev.  Nathaniel  Kendrick,  D.D.,  Prof. 
Daniel  Ilascall,  Prof.  Seth  S.  Whitman,  Prof  Joel 
S.  Bacon,  D.D.,  Rev.  George  W.  Eaton,  D.D..  LL.D., 
Stephen  W.  Taylor,  LL.D.,  Rev.  John  S.  Maginnis, 
D.D.,  John  II.  Raymond,  LL.D.,  Rev.  Edmund 
Turney,  D.D.,  Prof.  John  F.  Richardson,  Ph.D., 
Rev.  David  AVeston,  D.D.,  Rev.  Barnas  Scars,  D.D. 

The  following  have  resigned:  Rev.  Thomas  .1. 
Conant,  D.D.,  R^v.  Asahel  C.  Kendrick.  D.D..  Wil- 
liam Mather,  M.D.,  Rev.  George  R.  Bliss,  D.D., 
Rev.  Albert  N.  Arnold,  D.D.,  Rev.  Prof.  Ezra  S. 
Gallup,  Prof.  Wm.  I.  Knapp,  Prof.  Edward  Jud- 
son.  Prof.  A.  S.  Bickmore,  Ph.D. 


MADISON 


736 


MAD  I  HON 


The  following  are  the  present  faculty :  Rev.  E. 
DoHge,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Metaphysics  and 
Theology  and  Praeses ;  Rev.  P.  B.  Spear,  D.D., 
Professor  of  Hebrew  and  Latin  Emeritus ;  Rev. 
A.  M.  Beebee,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Logic  and  Horn-, 
iletics ;  Rev.  H.  Harvey,  D.D.,  Professor  of  New 
Testament  Exegesis  and  Pastoral  Theology ;  L.  M. 
Osborn,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Natural  Sciences; 
N.  L.  Andrews,  Ph.D.,  Professor  of  Greek  Lan- 
guage and  Literature ;  J.  J.  Lewis,  A.M.,  Pro- 
fessor of  History,  Literature,  and  Oratory  ;  J.  M. 
Taylor,  A.M.,  Professor  of  Mathematics  ;  0.  Howes, 
A.M.,  Professor  of  Latin  and  Modern  Languages ; 
Rev.  W.  H.  Maynard,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Moral 
Philosophy  and  Ecclesiastical  History  ;  Rev.  W. 
R.  Brooks,  D.D.,  Lecturer  on  Natural  History ; 
Rev.  S.  Burnham,  A.M.,  Professor  of  Hebrew  and 
Old  Testament  Exegesis;  Rev.  F.  W.  Towl.e,  A.M., 
Professor  of  Greek  Language  and  Principal  of  the 
Colgate  Academy ;  E.  P.  Sisson,  B.P.,  Professor 
of  Mathematics ;  J.  W.  Ford,  A.Mi,  Professor  of 
Latin  Language :  Geo.  H.  Coffin,  Professor  of 
English  and  Natural  Sciences. 

The  four  Presidents. — There  have  been  four 
presidents.  Dr.  Nathaniel  Kendrick,  the  first, 
died  Sept.  11,  1848,  from  a  fall  and  lesion  of  the 
spine,  being  seventy-two  years  old.  He  was 
elected  in  1836,  but  was  virtuaUy  president  during 
the  twenty-eight  years  of  his  connection  with  the 
institution.  He  was  tall,  six  feet  four,  well  pro- 
portioned, of  large  brain,  lofty  forehead,  and  benev- 
olent expression.  He  was  easily  primus  inter 
pares,  and,  of  natural  right,  presided  everywhere. 
His  influence  was  as  far-reaching  as  his  name.  He 
hfid  a  clear  voice,  an  earnest  look,  and  was  truly 
eloquent.  He  is  well  described  by  B.  F.  Taylor, 
the  "Jubilee"  poet, — 

"I  see  Kendrick's  grand  form  towering  up  like  a  king's, 
I  hear  accents  at  first  like  tlie  waving  of  wings; 
Now  he  warms  with  his  theme  into  tiue  welding  weather, 
And  the  word  and  the  blow  are  delivered  together. 
The  thought  and  the  thinker  are  all  in  a  glow. 
The  glasses  he  whirls  from  his  dome  of  a  brow. 
His  words  that  were  halting  grow  freer  and  bolder, 
And  he  strikes  for  the  truth  eti'aiglit  out  from  the  shoulder. 
It  is  Gabriel's  trumpet  and  Gideon's  sword, 
'Tis  the  pillar  of  fire  and  the  breath  of  the  Lord; 
It  ia  crash  after  crash  with  the  tables  of  stone, 
'Tis  the  thrill  of  the  thunder,  the  dread  of  the  throne. 
Then  softer  and  sweeter  his  cadences  grow ; 
It  was  Sinai  before,  it  is  Calvary  now." 

Standing  by  Dr.  Kendrick  is  Rev.  Prof.  Daniel 
Ilascall,  who  came  to  Hamilton  in  1S12,  and  set- 
tled as  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church.  To  him 
is  accredited  the  original  idea  of  a  seminary  in 
Hamilton.  Dr.  Kendrick,  in  1816,  became  pastor 
of  the  church  at  Eaton.  These  two  men  supple- 
mented each  other,  and  harmonized  in  every  good 
work.  In  1820,  when  the  ''  school"  was  opened, 
Hascall  became  Professor  of  Languages,  and  Ken- 


drick of  Theology.  Hascall  continued  eighteen 
years  and  resigned.  Kendrick  remained  till  his 
death. 

Around  these  men  rallied  other  stalwart  men, 
pioneers  in  the  forest,  in  the  churches,  and  in  great 
enterprises, — Hon.  Jonathan  Olmsted,  Judge  Sam- 
uel Payne,  Deacon  William  Colgate,  Hon.  Seneca 
B.  Burchard,  -Judge  James  Edmunds,  and  others, 
— men  ready  at  all  times  for  great  sacrifices  and 
great  achierements. 

In  1851,  Prof.  Stephen  W.  Taylor,  LL.D.,  was 
elected  second  president.  He  was  graduated  at 
Hamilton  College ;  had  made  teaching  his  life- 
work  ;  had  been  from  1834  to  1836  professor  or 
principal  of  the  academy  at  this  institution ;  had  in 
the  mean  time  founded  the  university  at  Lewis- 
burg,  Pa.,  and,  after  the  settlement  of  the  question 
of  remov.al,  returned  to  Hamilton.  He  was  of  the 
English  type,  square,  strong  built,  methodical,  firm 
of  purpose,  a  good  organizer,  and  strong  executive 
officer.  He  was  connected  with  the  university  in 
difierent  departments  of  instruction  for  eighteen 
years,  and  left  his  mark  on  its  history.  He  died 
of  disease  of  the  spine,  Jan.  7,  1856,  at  the  age  of 
sixty-five. 

In  1856,  Rev.  George  W.  Eaton,  D.D.,  LL.D., 
was  elected  the  third  president.  In  mind  and 
body  he  was  cast  in  a  large  mould.  His  features 
symmetrical,  movements  graceful,  sympathies  large, 
of  good  nature,  in  satire  powerful,  his  language 
felicitous.  He  was  a  natural  orator.  In  memory, 
imagination,  and  description  he  was  masterly.  A 
scene  once  before  him,  he  could  reproduce  with  all 
the  freshness  and  vividness  of  the  reality.  His  re- 
ligious emotions  and  convictions  were  strong,  and 
constituted  the  underlying  current  of  his  life.  He 
was  connected  with  the  university  in  difierent  ca- 
pacities— as, Professor  of  Mathematics,  of  History, 
of  Philosophy,  of  Theology,  and  as  president — for 
forty  years,  and  died  Aug.  3,  1872,  at  sixty-eight 
years  of  age. 

The  fourth  president  is  Rev.  Ebenezer  Dodge, 
D.D.,  LL.D.,  elected  in  1868.  He  has  been  con- 
nected with  the  university  twenty-seven  years  as 
Professor  of  the  Evidences  of  Christianity,  of  Meta- 
physics, of  Biblical  Interpretation,  of  Theology,  and 
as  president.  He  was  graduated  from  Brown  Uni- 
versity and  Newton  Theological  Seminary,  and  has 
earned  a  reputation  as  scholar,  teacher,  and  author 
that  places  him  among  the  best  thinkers  of  the 
age. 

The  present  faculty  are  well  known  among  the 
educators  of  our  country.  Some  who  have  left  us 
deserve  mention.  Dr.  Barnas  Sears,  the  secretary 
of  tlie  Peabody  Fund  and  former  president  of 
Brown  ;  Dr.  Thomas  J.  Conant,  a  well-known  ex- 
egete  and  translator  ;  Dr.  A.  C.  Kendrick,  a  Greek 
sciiolar  and  author,  have  helped  to  make  this  uni- 


MADISON 


ni 


MAGAZINE 


rersity.  Then  the  writer's  room-mate  and  chiss- 
matc  and  colleagues  in  the  faculty,  Dr.  John  II. 
Raymond  and  Prof.  J.  F.  Richardson,  the  one 
president  of  Vassar  and  the  other  Professor  of 
Latin  in  Rochester,  now  both  departed,  have  been 
free  to  acknowledge  their  indel)todness  chiefly  to 
this  university  for  their  success  in  life's  work,  and 
to  accept  the  credit  in  turn  given  for  their  hand  in 
this  enterprise.  What  the  university  has  done  for 
them  it  can  do  for  all  the  loyal. 

Financial  Condition. — The  finances  of  them- 
selves would  make  a  history,  for  these  are  the 
rock-bottom  on  which  human  endeavor  builds.  It 
should  be  noticed  that  since  1846  two  corporations 
have  a  hand  in  this  enterprise.  The  Baptist  Edu- 
cation Society  for  twenty-seven  years  had  the  sole 
responsibility  and  management.  For  the  last  thirty- 
three  years  the  ^Madison  University  has  had  the 
same  in  all  except  the  nomination  of  theological 
professors  and  the  support  of  needy  young  men 
for  the  ministry.  All  tlie  salaries  and  running  ex- 
penses of  these  three  schools  fall  upon  the  Madison 
University.  The  annual  income  needed  for  this 
corporation  is  now  about  S4(),000,  the  salaries  alone 
being  $30,000. 

It  were  vain  to  attempt  a  Jiistory  of  the  night 
and  day  struggles,  of  men  who  have  had  to  dig  a 
channel  and  create  a  depth  of  current  sufficient  to 
float  this  great  enterprise.  It  were  as  easy  to  tell 
of  the  hidden  forces  of  nature  which  underlie  all 
her  operations.     Only  results  are  known  or  seen. 

When  the  university  was  chartered  it  had  no 
property.  It  had  none  in  1850  on  the  adjustment 
of  the  removal  controversy.  It  had  only  about 
$")2,000  in  18f')4  when  the  war  closed.  Without  a 
hired  agency,  the  most  quiet  and  energetic  meas- 
ures were  prosecuted  to  fill  the  treasury.  The  old 
policy  of  borrowing  and  paying  was  set  aside,  and 
the  university  ])ut  upon  the  most  rigid  cash  sys- 
tem. For  seventeen  years,  without  debt  or  outside 
assistance,  except  from  liberal  donors,  the  uni- 
versity has  each  year  balanced  its  accounts,  draw- 
ing nothing  from  endowment  funds.  No  pledges 
were  counted  or  even  reported  till  they  were  turned 
into  cash  or  its  e((uivalent.  The  progress  has  not 
been  rapid,  but  of  steady  growth.  In  round  num- 
bers: in  1864,  SG2,000  ;  in  186j,  $121,000  ;  in  1S68, 
§177,000;  in  1870,  §255,000 ;  in  1874,  $304,000;  in 
1876,  .$405,000;  in  1880,  $430,000,  for  endowment 
without  debt. 

Then  the  unproductive  property,  buildings, 
grounds,  library,  museum,  apparatus,  president's 
liouse,  which  have  come  of  gifts  within  the  last 
sixteen  years,  amount  to  $120,000  more,  making 
the  whole  sum  raised  since  the  war  $550,000. 
These  figures  are  independent  of  the  Education 
Society's  accounts  of  scholarships,  beneficiaries, 
and  asjencies.     Deacon  Alva  Pierce  has  l)een  treas- 


urer of  the  Baptist  Educational  Society  of  New 
York  for  the  last  forty-three  years,  and  P.  B.  Spear 
treasurer  of  Madison  University  for  the  last  seven- 
teen years. 

This  university  has  acted  directly  and  indirectly 
on  the  schools  and  systems  of  instruction  in  our 
country  to  stimulate  the  standard  for  higher  at- 
tainments. It  has  acted  on  its  own  denomination 
to  lift  it  to  a  higher  plane  of  moral  power.  It  has 
given  origin  to  three  other  universities  of  similar 
typo,  and  has  co-operated  with  like  institutions  to 
mould  the  national  mind  and  to  give  Americans 
an  enviable  name  among  the  nations  of  the  earth. 

To  the  aliove  account  of  the  financial  prosperity 
must  be  added  a  gift  of  $50,000,  one-half  to  go  to 
Colgate  Academy,  given  at  Commencement  in  1880 
by  Mr.  James  B.  Colgate,  of  New  York,  as  a  thank- 
ofl'ering  for  his  rescue  at  sea  in  the  winter  of 
1879-80.  See  also  articles  II.\mii,to.n  Tiikoi.ogicai. 
Seminary,  Colgate  Academy,  and  the  biographical 
articles  of  persons  alluded  to  in  tliis  sketch.  For 
a  full  history,  see  also  the  historical  discourse  of 
President  Eaton  in  Jubilee  volume,  or  "  First  Half- 
Century  of  Madison  University." 

Magazine,  Massachusetts  Baptist  Mission- 
ary, has  the  honor  of  being  the  first  periodical 
publication  by  the  Baptists  of  this  country.  It 
was  established  l)y  the  Massachusetts  Baptist  Mis- 
sionary Society  in  September,  1803.  The  society 
was  organized  somewhat  more  than  a  year  before 
its  executive  officers  announced  a  periodical  which 
was  felt  to  be  necessary  as  a  medium  of  communi- 
cation with  the  churches,  to  awaken  interest  in  the 
cause  of  missions,  and  to  give  publicity  to  the  re- 
ports and  letters  of  the  missionaries  in  their  employ 
in  different  sections  of  the  country.  Only  two 
numbers,  of  thirty-two  pages  each,  were  issued  the 
first  year,  and  two  the  second  year.  The  twelfth 
nuinljer  of  the  volume  was  published  Jan.  1,  1808. 
The  second  volume  was  completed  in  the  next  two 
years.  The  issues  were  somewhat  irregular  until 
a  new  series  was  commenced  in  1817,  the  numbers 
being  issued  in  alternate  months  till  the  close  of 
1824.  Since  that  time  it  has  been  pul)lished  each 
month  down  to  the  present  time.  Tlie  area  of  its 
opei-ations  was  enlarged  in  1826,  after  the  removal 
of  the  Foreign  Mission  Board  to  Boston,  and  it 
became  the  organ  of  the  Triennial  Convention,  and 
when  the  Missionary  Union  was  formed  it  held  the 
same  relation  to  the  new  society.  Until  the  close 
of  1835  the  contents  of  the  magazine  were  of  quite 
a  miscellaneous  character,  being  largely  biographies 
of  distinguished  ministers  and  laymen,  not  always 
Baptists,  but  persons  of  note  in  the  other  denomi- 
nations, essays  on  literary  subjects,  reviews,  letters, 
journals,  etc.  From  the  commencement  of  1836 
down  to  this  date  it  is  devoted  to  the  publication 
of  articles  bearing  directly   or   indirectly   on   the 


MAGAZINE 


738 


MAGOON 


cause  of  foreign  missions.  As  the  organ  of  com- 
munication between  the  missionaries  and  the 
churches  it  has  rendered  invaluable  service  to  the 
noble  cause  which  it  advocates.  It  is  hot  easy  for 
us  to  appreciate  the  eagerness  with  which  in  thou- 
sands of  Baptist  families  the  letters  and  journals 
of  Boardnian  and  Judson,  in  the  earlier  history  of 
foreign  missions,  and  those  of  Wade  and  Kincaid, 
and  Dean  and  Bixby,  andvery  many  others  in  later 
times,  have  been  read,  and  what  an  impulse  has 
been  given  by  their  perusal  to  the  great  work  of 
evangelizing  the  nations  of  the  earth.  Steady  im- 
provement in  the  magazine  has  been  the  aim  of  its 
editors.  It  may  safely  be  said  to  take  a  high  rank 
among  the  class  of  publications  of  which  it  is  so 
good  a  representative,  comparing  favorably  with 
the  organ  of  the  American  Board  of  Commissioners 
for  Foreign  Missions,  the  Missionary  Herald. 

Magazine,  The  Baptist. — Our  English  brethren 
■were  occasionally  troubled  by  their  relations  with 
The  Evangelical  Magazine.  The  .profits  of  that 
publication  were  to  be  divided  among  the  widows 
of  Congregational  and  Baptist  ministers.  And  it 
was  sometimes  unkindly  hinted" that  Baptist  widows 
needing  its  aid  were  more  numerous  than  those 
of  Independent  ministers.  Besides,  our  English 
brethren  felt  a  crying  need  for  a  magazine  to  spread 
the  tidings  of  their  missions  fully  before  their 
churches,  and  to  discuss  many  denominational 
questions.  The  Baptist  Magazine  -was  established 
in  1809,  and  it  has  rendered  immense  service  to  our 
British  brethren  and  to  the  cause  of  truth. 

Magazine,  The  Baptist  Family.— Tiiis  pic- 
torial monthly  is  published  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
J.  Eugene  Reed,  Esq.,  is  editor  and  proprietor.  Its 
contents  include  tales,  biographical  sketches,  notes 
of  travel,  essays,  poems,  and  editorials.  It  devotes 
special  attention  to  the  following  departments: 
the  young  folks,  literature,  popular  science,  health 
in  the  home,  music  and  art  notes,  farm  and  kitchen, 
and  church  and  ministerial  record.  The  pictures 
are  numerous  and  well  chosen.  The  editor  is  one 
of  the  most  talented  young  men  in  the  denomina- 
tion, lie  is  an  earnest  Baptist,  and  his  magazine  is 
full  of  interest  and  instruction.  The  young  and 
tl  e  old  read  it  with  delight  and  profit. 

Magee,  Rev.  John,  son  of  Rev.  Thomas  Mageo, 
was  born  in  Cork,  Ireland,  but  converted  and  bap- 
tized in  St.  Stephen,  New  Brunswick  ;  studied  at 
the  Baptist  Seminary,  Fredericton  ;  was  ordained 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  churcli,  Mangervillo,  New 
Brunswick,  in  1840 ;  was  pastor  at  Macknaquack 
and  Nashwiiak,  and  performed  much  missionary 
work.  Died  Dec.  23,  1861,  after  a  useful  ministry 
of  twenty  years. 

Magee,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  bom  in  Ireland  ; 
converted  and  l)aptized  in  tiie  city  of  Cork  ;  or- 
dained in  New  Brunswick,  March,  1831 ;  labored 


as  an  evangelist  extensively,  not  only  in  New 
Brunswick,  but  also  in  the  State  of  Maine.  He 
served  the  Baptist  denomination  in  a  faithful  min- 
istry of  over  twenty  years. 

Maginnis,  John  Sharp,  D.D.,  was  born  of 
Scotch-Irish  parents,  in  Butler  Co.,  Pa.,  June  13, 
1805.  He  was  brought  up  a  Pxesbyterian.  He 
was  converted  young,  in  Vernon,  0..  and  united 
with  the  Baptist  church  in  that  place.  He  re- 
ceived his  literary  and  theological  training  in 
Waterville  College,  Brown  University,  and  Xewton 
Theological  Seminary.  In  October,  1832,  he  was 
ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Portland, 
Me.,  and  soon  the  community  had  such  an  increase 
that  a  second  church  was  established.  In  1838  he 
accepted  the  professorship  of  Biblical  Theology  in 
the  institution  at  Hamilton.  In  this  position  he 
continued  with  great  usefulness  until  he  accepted 
the  chair  of  Biblical  and  Pastoral  Theology  in  the 
new  seminary  connected  with  the  University  of 
Rochester,  and  the  professorship  of  Intellectual 
and  Moiial  Philosophy  in  the  university  at  the  same 
time.     He  died  Oct.  15,  1852. 

In  1844  he  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Di- 
vinity from  Brown  University. 

Dr.  Maginnis  was  a  vigorous  Calvinist,  and  his 
students  went  forth  with  Paul's  doctrines  enshrined 
in  their  hearts  or  living  in  their  minds  to  con- 
found the  Arrainianism  whicli  they  brought  to  the 
seminary,  and  which  prejudice  would  not  permit 
them  to  renounce. 

He  was  a  man  of  very  extensive  and  varied  learn- 
ing, often  reaching  into  the  distant  Christian  past. 
so  largely  given  up  to  Romanists  and  Anglicans. 
He  had  a  powerful  and  penetrating,  as  well  as  a 
highly-cultured  mind.  He  had  not  many  equals  in 
his  day,  and  very  few  superiors,  as  an  acute  reasoner. 
While  not 'Offensive  in  his  independence,  he  was 
unbending  when  truth  required  it,  or  wisdom 
seemed  to  demand  it. 

He  was  a  devout  Christian  in  the  minute  as  well 
as  in  the  grandest  relations  of  the  soul.  The 
churches  lost  a  noble  leader  and  heaven  gained  a 
mighty  soul  when  John  Sharp  Maginnis  left  his 
frail  body  for  the  skies. 

Magoon,  Elias  Lyman,  D.D.,  was  bom  in 
Lebanon,  N.  II.,  Oct.  20,  1810.  His  grandfather 
was  a  Baptist  minister,  and  a  participator  in  the 
scenes  of  tiio  Revolution  ;  his  father  an  architect, 
who  enjoyed  considerable  success  in  his  profession 
and  endured. protracted  sickness. 

At  sixteen  years  of  age  young  Magoon  was  ap- 
prenticed to  the  bricklayer's  trade,  which  he  fol- 
lowed to  his  twentieth  year,  and  by  the  use  of  his 
trowel  during  his  vacations,  and  in  the  intervals  of 
study,  supported  liiinself  through  ten  years  of  pre- 
paratory studies  at  New  Hampton  Academy,  AVater- 
ville  College,  and  Newton  Theological  Institution. 


MAG O ON 


739 


MAINE 


He  was  ordained  the  night  after  graduating;,  in 
1839,  and  he  immediately  settled  at  Richmond,  Ya., 
as  pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church,  where  he 
remained  six  years.     A  l)eautifiil  new  edifice  was 


yrr-' 


•^^'^^a-^ 


EI.IAS    I.YMAX    MAGOON.    D.D. 

erected,  and  all  was  |iros|ienHis  until  the  <livision 
arose  in  th<Ml(Mioinination  on  the  question  of  slavery, 
which  took  place  while  the  young  pastor  was  in 
Europe. 

Returning  speedily,  he  quietly  resigned,  and 
was  at  once  called  to  the  Ninth  Street  Baptist 
church,  Cincinnati,  but  remained  in  Richmond 
until  a  successor  was  procured.  lie  served  in  Cin- 
cinnati four  years,  and  in  1849  removed  to  New 
York,  as  pastor  of  .the  Oliver  Street  Baptist  church. 
In  1857  he  took  charge  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Albany,  where  he  remained  ten  years,  and  from 
it  removed  to  the  Broad  Street  Baptist  church, 
Philadelphia,  where  he  still  la1)ors. 

Rarely  sick,  this  busy  preacher  has  not  been  out 
of  employment  a  single  Sunday  for  forty  years. 
His  large  and  liberal  congregation  have  just  cele- 
brated his  seventieth  birthday  with  unanimous  con- 
gratulations, and  both  loader  and  people  seem  never 
to  have  been  under  more  favorabh;  auspices  than 
now. 

The  usual  honors  of  A.B.  and  A.M.  were  con- 
ferred at  Waterville,  now  Colby  University ;  and, 
in  18.53,  Rochester  University  added  the  D.D. 

Dr.  MagO()n"s  published  works  are  "  Orators 
of  the  American  Revolution''  (New  York,  1848); 
"Living  Orators  in  Amti-ica''  (New  York,  1849)  ; 
"Proverbs   for  the  People"  (Boston,  1848);  "Re- 


publican Christianity"  (Boston,  1849) ;  and  "West- 
ward Empire"  (New  York,  1856).  In  their  day 
many  of  these  books  Avere  sold,  but  now  are  out  of 
print. 

Dr.  Magoon  possesses  extensive  culture,  manly 
independence,  a  large  heart,  an  unsullied  record, 
and  the  warm  love  of  throngs  in  and  out  of  Phila- 
delphia. His  ministry  has  been  greatly  blessed, 
and  his  name  is  favorably  known  all  over  the  land. 

Main,  A.  H.,  is  a  native  of  Plainfield,  Otsego 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  ))orn  June  22,  1824.  IIi» 
parents  were  Alfred  and  Semantha  Main.  His 
fathpr  removed  from  Connecticut  to  Now  York 
in  his  youth,  and  thence,  in  1840,  to  Dane  Co.,. 
Wis.,  which  has  since  been  the  family  home.  Mr. 
3Iain  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of 
New  York.  He  engaged  in  mercantile  Ijusiness,. 
and  continued  it  after  his  removal  to  Madison, 
Wis.,  in  ISoO,  until  186U.  That  year  he  became 
cashier  of  the  Sun  Prairie  Bank,  which  position  he 
held  until  he  closed  the  business,  in  1803.  For 
many  years  Mr.  Main  has  been  at  the  head  of  on& 
of  the  largest  insurance  offices  in  Madison,  and  in 
fact  in  the  Northwest. 

When  quite  young  he  united  with  the  Baptist 
church.  He  is  well  known  by  the  denomination 
in  the  State,  and  in  his  own  Association,  as  well  as 
in  the  State  work,  he  has  borne  a  generous  and  ac- 
tive part.  In  his  own  church  at  Madison  he  is  a 
trusted  leader ;  and  in  the  Christian  and  philan- 
thropic enterprises  of  the  city  he  is  one  of  the 
most  al)le  and  earnest  workers. 

Maine  Baptists. — Tlie  oldest  incorporated  town 
in  what  is  now  the  State  of  Maine  was  Kittery. 
The  presence  of  Baptist  sentiments  was  recognized 
not  far  from  the  year  1681.  A  few  Baptists  were 
among  the  earlier  settlers  of  this  place.  Among 
the  more  prominent  of  these  was  William  Screven, 
who  suffered  no  small  amount  of  persecution  from, 
the  "standing  order"  on  account  of  his  persistent 
adherence  to  Baptist  principles.  A  church  was 
formed  in  1082,  but  in  less  than  a  year  it  was 
l>roken  up  and  its  members  scattered.  From  the 
dissolution  of  the  church  in  Kittery.  a  period  of 
eighty-five  years  elapsed  before  the  appearance  of 
any  other  organized  body  of  Baptists.  In  1768  a 
church  was  formed  in  Berwick  from  persons  con- 
verted under  the  preaching  of  Rev.  Dr.  Ilezekiah 
Smith.  That  ch\irch  lived  through  all  the  fiery 
trials  of  persecution,  and  is  to-day  the  flourisliing 
church  of  South  Berwick.  In  a  few  years  other 
churches  were  formed.  As  the  district  of  Maine 
was  settled.  Baptist  principles  everywhere  sprejid 
and  new  churches  were  organized.  In  the  State  there 
are  now  13  Associations,  embracing  20 1  churches, 
with  a  membership  of  nearly  21. (KX)  persons. 

The  Maine  Baptist  Convention  was  formed  in 
1824.     Its    officers    are :    President,  Rev.    II.    E. 


MAJOR 


740 


3fALC03f 


Robins,  D.D.  ;  Vice-President,  Rev.  S.  L.  B.  Chase  ; 
Hecoi-ding  Seci-etary,  Rev.  II.  S.  Barrage ;  Cor- 
responding Secretary,  J.  Ricker,  D.D.  Its  perma- 
nent invested  funds  are  $9700,  and  its  i'hcome  from 
all  sources  as  reported  at  its  last  meeting  §8400.91-. 
The  Maine  Baptist  Charitable  Society  has  for  its 
object  to  contribute  to  the  wants  of  indigent  min- 
isters and  to  the  needy  families  of  deceased  minis- 
ters.    The  president  is  P.  Bonney,  Esq. 

The  Maine  Baptist  Education  Society  furnishes 
aid  to  young  men  in  a  course  of  preparation  for  the 
•Christian  ministry.  Its  funds  amount  to  nearly 
$3000.  The  president  of  the  society  is  Rev.  J. 
McWhinnie. 

The  Baptists  of  Maine  constitute  one  of  the 
strongest  and  most  efficient  denominational  l)odies 
in  the  country.  Their  college,  Colby  University, 
"with  the  three  academic  institutions  having  a  vital 
■connection  with  it,  the  Waterville  Classical  Insti- 
tute, Hebron  Academy,  and  Ilootton  Academy, 
furnish  the  best  facilities  for  the  higher  education 
of  the  young.  An  able  ministry  is  guiding  and 
moulding  the  churches.  The  spirit  of  benevolence 
pervades  these  churches,  and  they  will  compare 
favorably  with  other  churches  in  their  contributions 
to  all  good  causes.  Every  year  marks  progress 
and  religious  enterpi-ise.  The  Baptists  of  Maine 
have  no  reason  to  be  ashamed  Of  their  past  record, 
•or  of  the  position  which  they  now  hold  among  the 
other  religious  communities  of  the  State. 

Major,  Samuel  C,  a  deacon  of  the  Fayette 
•chui-ch,  was  born  in  Franklin  Co.,  Aug.  26,  1805. 
In  1826  he  removed  to  Fayette  Co.,  Mo.  Seven  of 
«Ieven  children  survive  him.  One  of  them  is  Hon. 
Samuel  C.  Major,  Jr.  In  1832,  Mr.  Major  was 
■elected  a  justice  of  the  peace,  and  held  the  office 
for  thirteen  years.  In  1840  he  was  appointed  pub- 
lic administrator.  At  different  times  he  was  mayor 
of  the  city  of  Fayette.  lie  was  alive  to  the  public 
good  and  to  religious  interests. 

In  1843  he  made  a  profession  of  faith  in  Christ, 
and  united  with  the  Fayette  Baptist  church.  He 
was  for  years  the  efficient  president  of  the  executive 
board  of  the  General  Association  of  Missouri.  He 
left  for  his  family  the  rich  legacy  of  a  well-spent 
life,  whose  chai-acteristics  were  unfeigned  modesty, 
strict  integrity,  genuine  friendship,  and  devoted 
piety.  He  died  March  13,  1880,  aged  seventy-five 
years. 

Malcom,  Howard,  L.D.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Jan.  19,  1799.  Ilis  father  was 
of  Scotcii  descent,  and  his  mother  a  lineal  descend- 
ant of  Hugh  Jlobcrts,  a  distinguished  Welsh  Friend 
preacher,  who  was  on  terms  of  intimacy  with  Wm. 
Pcnn.  Howard's  father  died  at  tlic  age  of  twenty- 
three,  in  1801,  leaving  his  wife  and  child  to  the 
care  of  her  father,  John  Howard,  a  retired  mer- 
chant.    This  grandfather  died  when    Howard  was 


nine  years  of  age,  and  Mrs.  Malcom  devoted  her- 
self to  the  education  of  her  only  child.  In  1813 
he  was  placed  at  school  in  Burlington,  N.  J.,  to  be 
prepared   for  collego,  nnd   in   September,  1814,  he 


HOWARD    MALCOM.   D.D..   LL.D. 

entered  Dickinson  College,  at  the  age  of  fifteen. 
Most  of  the  students  liere  were  insubordinate,  and 
a  serious  difficulty  between  students  and  professors 
terminated,  in  April,  1815,  in  the  closing  of  the  in- 
stitution. In  1815,  Howard  entered  a  counting- 
house  to  prepare  for  the  life  of  a  merchant,  which 
had  long  been  his  ambition.  While  here,  he  says 
in  his  diary,.  August,  1815,  "  I  have  for  some  time 
past  been  toi-mented  with  the  fear  of  dying,"  the 
first  indication  of  an  awakened  conscience.  In 
December  an  accident  to  his  knee  confined  him  to 
his  room  for  three  weeks,  and  he  says,  "  This  was 
one  of  the  most  merciful  providences  of  God  to  me. 
The  pain  was  not  so  great  as  to  prevent  my  read- 
ing. ...  I  learnt  more  about  the  Bible  than  I 
knew  before  altogether.''  On  January  1,  1816,  he 
related  his  experience  before  the  Sansom  Street 
Baptist  church,  and  on  the  16th  of  January  this 
entry  appears  in  his  diary.  "Have  been  much  dis- 
tui'bed  lately  with  an  idea  that  intrudes  itself  upon 
all  occasions,  viz..  that  I  must  shortly  quit  the 
counting-house  and  prepare  to  go  out  and  proclaim 
the  glad  tidings."  ...  He  was  licensed  to  preach 
in  1818;  entered  Princeton  Seminary  soon  after, 
where  he  remained  until  1820.  During  these 
formative  years,  from  1816  to  1820,  young  Mal- 
oom's  experiences,  as  given  copiously  in  his  diary, 
were  most  deep  and  interesting,  and  characterized 


MALCOM 


741 


MALLARY 


by  a  sinjrular  inatuvity  of  thoiiglit  and  independence 
of  action.  But  space  here  only  permits  a  very 
brief  sketch.  He  was  ordained  in  April,  1820,  was 
married  to  Mis.s  Lydia  Sheilds  May  1,  1820,  and  in 
tlie  same  month  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
at  Hudson,  N.  Y.  Here  he  remained  until  1820, 
when  he  became  first  jfeneral  agent  of  the  American 
Sunday-School  Union.  In  this  capacity  he  spent 
nearly  two  years,  and  visited  all  the  principal  cities 
of  the  country  in  establishing  auxiliary  societies 
and  local  depositories,  in  raising  funds,  and  in  the 
performance  of  the  varied  duties  of  this  responsible 
mission.  In  November,  1827,  Mr.  Maloom  became 
pastor  of  Federal  Street  church  in  Boston.  His 
success  with  this  church  was  very  great.  He  was 
also  a  member  of  various  boards  and  societies,  and 
he  delivered  a  great  many  lectures.  He  was  the 
author,  in  1S2S,  of  his  "  Bible  Dictionary,'"  which 
was  immensely  popular,  reaching  a  circulation  of 
over  200,000  copies,  and  it  is  still  sold.  He  also 
prepared  for  the  press  a  work  on  the  "Extent  of 
the  Atonement,"  and  one  on  "  The  Christian  Rule 
of  Marriage,"  both  of  which  had  a  large  sale.  lie 
edited  "Law's  Call,"  Henry's  "Communicant's 
Companion,"  and  Thomas  k  Kempis's  "Imitation 
of  Christ."  Under  these  labors  his  health  gave 
way,  and  in  1831  he  spent  eight  months  with  his 
wife  in  visiting  the  countries  of  Europe.  In  De- 
cember, 1833,  his  beloved  wife  died.  In  1835,  Mr. 
Malcom  was  obliged  to  resign  his  pastorate  because 
his  voice  failed  him,  and  in  September,  having  been 
chosen  to  visit  foreign  missionary  stations  by  the 
Triennial  Convention  in  Boston,  he  sailed  for  Bur- 
mah,  remaining  two  and  a  half  years.  The  issue 
of  this  important  journey  was  in  the  missionary 
field  a  cementing  and  unifying  of  the  labors  of  our 
missionaries,  and  in  this  country,  upon  his  return, 
the  result  was  a  general  increase  of  interest  and 
contributions  for  missionary  purposes.  These  were 
accomplished  by  his  numerous  lectures  in  different 
parts  of  the  country,  and  the  publication  of  "  Mal- 
com's  Travels,"  a  work  of  600  pages,  which  at  once 
became  a  standard  both  in  this  country  and  Great 
Britain.  Upon  his  return  he  could  not  resume  his 
pastorate,  as  his  voice  had  not  been  restored.  In 
1838  he  married  Miss  Anne  R.  Dyer,  of  Boston, 
and  in  1840  he  was  simultaneously  elected  to  the 
presidency  of  Shurtloff  College,  111.,  and  George- 
town College,  Ky.  He  accepted  the  latter  early  in 
1840.  Under  his  fostering  care  and  indomitable 
industry  the  institution  received  a  great  impulse. 
In  1842  he  received  from  Dickinson  College  the 
degree  of  A.M.,  and  the  degree  of  D.D.  at  the  same 
time  from  the  University  of  Vermont  and  Union 
College,  New  York.  In  1849  he  resigned  the  pres- 
idency of  Georgetown  College,  and  within  a  few 
weeks  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Sansom 
Street  church,  Philadelphia,  and  again  to  the  pres- 


idency of  Shurtloff  College.  He  accepted  the 
former.  This  church  of  his  youth  was  not  long 
permitted  to  have  the  benefit  of  his  labors,  for  in 
1851  he  became  the  president  of  the  university  at 
Lewisburg,  Pa.  About  this  time  he  edited  "  But- 
ler's Analogy,"  with  a  very  full  conspectus,  which 
is  now  used  largely  as  a  text-book.  After  six  years 
of  successful  labor  for  the  university.  Dr.  Malcoiu 
resigned  to  complete  his  "  Index  to  Religious  Lit- 
erature," which  was  published  iu  1869.  During 
these  years  he  became  deeply  intei-ested  in  building 
up  the  American  Baptist  Historical  Society,  and  to- 
this  noble  work  he  was  devoted  to  the  end  of  his 
life.  Ho  was  for  many  years  the  president  of  this 
society,  as  well  as  of  the  American  Peace  Society, 
senior  vice-president  of  the  Pennsylvania  Coloniza- 
tion Society,  and  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
American  Tract  Society.  In  1878  he  sustained  a 
severe  trial  in  the  loss  of  his  esteemed  and  beloved 
wife,  and  from  this  time  all  his  powers  raj)idly 
failed,  and  he  died  in  Philadelphia  in  March,  1879, 
in  the  eighty-first  year  of  his  age,  a  member  of  the 
church  in  which  he  was  converted,  baptized,  li- 
censed, and  ordained.  A  noble  eulogy  was  pro- 
nounced by  one  in  the  expressive  words,  "  It  would 
be  difficult  to  name  any  good  cause  to  which  his 
heart  had  not  been  given.'' 

Mallary,  Charles  Dutton,  D.D.,  was  bom  in 

West  Puultney,  Vt.,  Jan.  23,  1801,  and  died  July 
31,  1864.  He  graduated  with  the  first  honor  at 
Middlebury  College,  Vt.,  in  August,  1817  ;  was 
baptized  and  joined  the  church  in  1822  ;  and  the 
same  year  moved  to  South  Carolina,  where  he  was 
ordained  in  1824,  at  Columbia.  There  he  married 
Miss  Susan  Mary  Evans,  granddaughter  of  Rev. 
Edmund  Botsford.  In  1830  he  removed  to  Au- 
gusta, Ga.,  and  took  charge  of  the  Augusta  Baptist 
church.  Four  years  afterwards  he  became  pastor 
of  the  church  at  Milledgeville,  but  resigned  to  be- 
come the  agent  for  Mercer  University,  in  1837, 
laboring  as  such  for  three  years,  when  he  began  a 
life  of  evangelistic  and  pastoral  labors  for  various 
churches  in  Middle  and  AVestern  Georgia,  which 
continued  until  1852,  when  he  retired  to  his  farm, 
near  Albany,  where  he  resided,  in  feeble  health, 
until  his  death,  in  1864.  In  1840  he  married  his 
second  wife,  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Welch,  a  lady  of  superior 
worth  and  talents,  who  preceded  him  to  the  skies 
by  two  years. 

Dr.  Mallary  was  a  man  of  most  uncommon  piety, 
and  exerted  a  more  wholesome  influence  than  any 
other  man  of  the  denomination  in  the  State.  No 
other  stood  higher  in  the  esteem  of  the  brethren ; 
nor  did  any  other  of  his  day,  in  the  truest  sense,  do 
more  for  the  cause  of  God  and  the  denomination  in 
the  State.  Dawson  was  a  more  brilliant  orator, 
and  Crawford  was  more  learned  and  scholarly, 
but  neither  surpassed  him  in  the  highest  and  best 


MALLARY 


742 


MALLARY 


characteristics,  as  a  preacher.  He  had  clear  views 
of  divine  truth,  and  a  deep  experience  of  its  sanc- 
tifying power  in  the  heart.  His  voice  was  com- 
manding ;  his  elocution  distinct  and  forcible ;  his 


CHARLES    BUTTON    MALLARY,  D.D. 

imagination  splendid  ;  his  language  chaste,  and  his 
address  affectionate  and  persuasive.  While  emi- 
nently pure  and  clear,  his  style  was  often  ornate,  and 
sometimes  arose  to  sublimity.  He  loved  to  preach 
'Christ  crucified  as  the  only  foundation  of  a  sinner's 
hope,  and  to  exhibit  a  sovereign  God,  working  all 
things  after  the  counsel  of  his  own  will.  These 
liigh  themes  he  discussed  with  a  clear  head  and  a 
warm  heart,  and  rendered  them  eminently  practical 
by  the  manner  in  which  he  pressed  them  on  the 
•consciences  of  his  hearers.  Thoroughly  instructed 
in  the  Scriptures,  profoundly  conversant  with  the 
workings  of  experimental  religion,  and  knowing 
well  "  the  windings  and  doublings"  of  man's  de- 
■ceitful  heart,  he  was  exactly  fitted  to  take  it  cap- 
tive with  the  sweet  influences  of  revealed  truth. 

He  had  the  happy  talent  of  introducing  religious 
subjects  in  his  conversation  with  otiiers,  and  of 
■directing  their  attention  to  the  great  interests  of 
eternity.  To  those  who  knew  iiim  intimately  his 
■conversation  was  simply  delightful,  for  a  spirit  of 
piety  pervaded  almost  every  sentence  of  his  dis- 
course ;  iind  the  power  of  a  well-cultivated  mind 
added  interest  and  instruction  to  the  other  charms 
of  his  conversation.  In  all  that  ho  did  and  said 
his  profound  spirituality  shone  conspicuously  as  the 
distinguishing  feature  of  his  character.  If  any  man 
«ver  had  the  full  assurance  of  hope  it  was  he,  for 


his  faith  in  God  seemed  to  know  no  misgiving.  His 
chief  joy  was  in  the  worship  of  God,  and  scarcely 
any  possible  contingency  was  permitted  to  inter- 
rupt his  family  and  private  devotions.  At  the  do- 
mestic altar  and  in  the  closet  he  held  sweet  com- 
munion with  the  Father  of  spirits,  and  came  forth 
to  his  public  ministrations  and  religious  efi"orts 
richly  imbued  with  the  spirit  of  liis  divine  Master. 
Everywhere  he  exhibited  a  beautiful  consistency 
of  Christian  character.  He  maintained  always  a 
dose  walk  with  God.  His  aim  in  life  was  to  pro- 
mote the  glory  of  God  and  the  good  of  mankind. 
Every  personal  interest  was  subordinated  to  this 
sublime  purpose.  No  narrow-mindedness  checked 
his  expansive  charity,  for  his  benevolence  embraced 
the  whole  human  race, — the  needy  at  his  own  door, 
and  the  heathen  at  the  ends  of  the  earth. 

His  private  life  was  as  pure  as  his  sentiments 
were  exalted,   and    in  all  his   relations  with  his 
brethren  he  was  a  model  of  gentleness  and  unselfish 
Christian  courtesy.     He  was  distinguished  for  his 
controlling  and  peaceful  influence  in  our  denomi- 
nationaf  councils.    He  was  most  skillful  and  prompt 
to  adopt  measures  in  promotion  of  harmony  and 
efficiency,  and,  by  word  and  deed,  led  his  brethren 
onward  in  the  way  of  truth  and  righteousness,  and 
in  extending  the  Redeemer's  kingdom  throughout 
the  world.     When  money  was  needed  for  the  in- 
terests of  the  churches  and  for  the  spread  of  the 
gospel,  he  was  a  liberal  contributor  and  a  most  suc- 
cessful agent  in  procuring  the  gifts  of  others.     His 
example  and  influence  survive  in  the  memory  of 
thousands ;  the  seeds  of  truth  which  he  has  sown 
are  still   growing  and  bringing  forth  fruit  in  the 
lives  and  hearts  of  many  who  heard  his  voice.    Be- 
sides these  he  has  left  written  memorials  which  will 
be  read  with  interest  and  profit  for  many  years  to 
come,  among  which  are  his  memoirs  of  Mercer  and 
Botsford,    and   that  most    excellent  book  entitled 
"  Soul  Prosperity.''    While  a  man  of  strong  convic- 
tions and  determined  purposes,  he  was  as  meek  and 
gentle  as  a  lamb.    With  a  will  as  determined  as  ever 
moved  a  despot,  it  was  so  tempered  and  subdued 
by  grace  that  it  would  bear  all  things,  believe  all 
things,  hope  all  things,  endure  all  things.    His  self- 
control  seemed  to  be  complete  ;  no  unkind  word  or 
hasty  speech,  or  anj'thing  to  stain  a  most  consistent 
and  holy  li<'e,  ever  escaped  his  lips  or  characterized 
his  actions.     He  never  entered  the  arena  of  strife, 
but  would  pour  oil  on  the  troubled  waters,  and  turn 
away  anger  by  soft  woi'ds,  and  with  melting  tender- 
ness   reprove    the   erring.     So   profound  was   his 
piety  that  nothing  ever  seemed  to  disturb  it.     The, 
expression  of  his  countenance  when  in  the  pulpit 
was    tender  and    heavenly.      While    replete   with 
doctrinal  truth,  his  sermons  were  full  of  tenderness 
and  pathos,  his  greatest  strength  consisting  in  what 
rhetoricians  have  denominated  unction ;  for,  as  he 


MALLARY 


743 


MANLY 


stood  in  the  pulpit,  liis  {nuVinnce  felt  that  they  were 
in  the  presence  of  a  man  of  God.  It  was  this, 
united  to  his  native  good  sense,  which  gave  him 
such  influence  in  religious  deliberative  assemblies, 
and  secured  for  him  the  most  profound  attention, 
and  rendered  his  suggestions  most  likely  to  meet 
the  approval  of  his  brethren  ;  and  it  was  this,  imbu- 
ing all  his  words  and  actions,  wiiich  gave  him  such 
8()iritual  power  among  his  brethren,  and  made  him 
a  pillar  in  the  denomination,  and  which  yet  gives 
his  memory  a  fragrance  among  Georgia  Baptists. 

Dr.  Mallary  was  a  warm  advocate  of  temperance, 
missionary  societies  and  Sunday-schools,  and  to  the 
very  end  of  life  continued  to  preach  whenever  phys- 
ically able.  Though  so  energetic  iind  lal)ori()us 
during  his  whole  ministry,  his  services  to  God  and 
his  generation  were  performed  with  a  feeble  body, 
especially  in  the  last  years  of  his  life,  when  he  was 
subject  to  frequent  attacks  of  nervous  disease,  at- 
tended witii  violent  [)ain  in  the  head.  Ilis  death 
was  peaceful  and  happy,  and  his  last  ex])ression, 
uttered  while  gently  clapping  his  hands,  was, 
"  Sweet,  sweet  hoiTie  !"' 

Mallary,  Hon.  Rollin  C,  was  born  in  Cheshire, 
Conn.,  May  27,  17.S4.  Ten  years  after  his  birth 
his  parents  removed  to  Poultney,  Vt.  lie  was  a 
graduate  of  Middlebury  College,  in  the  class  of 
1805.  He  studied  law  with  Horatio  Seymour  at 
Middlebury,  and  Robert  Temple  at  Rutland,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  Rutland  County  bar  in  March, 
1807.  He  soon  became  a  leading  lawyer  in  the 
county,  and  for  five  years  was  State  attorney.  He 
was  elected  a  member  of  Congress  in  1819,  and 
took  his  seat  in  the  House  of  Representatives  Jan. 
13,  1820.  He  had  several  re-elections,  and  re- 
mained a  member  continuously  until  his  death. 
He  gained  a  prominent  position  in  Congress,  sec- 
ond, perhaps,  to  no  other  member  from  New  Eng- 
land in  his  time,  and  particularly  distinguished 
himself  as  a  friend  and  advocate  of  the  "  protective 
system."  At  the  commencement  of  the  Twentieth 
Congress  he  was  made  chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Manufactures,  and  reported  the  tariff  of  1828, 
and  his  efficient  efforts  doubtless  contribut(;d  largely 
to  secure  its  passage. 

Mr.  Mallary  died  at  Baltimore,  Md.,  in  1831, 
while  on  his  return  home  from  Washington. 

Maltby,  Rev.  Clark  0.,  was  born  in  Rutland, 
N.  Y.,  .July  ly,  1S;]G  ;  educated  at  the  Normal 
College  at  Albany,  from  which  he  graduated  in 
1858.  Mr.  Maltby  devoted  a  number  of  years  to 
teaching  and  mercantile  pursuits,  in  both  of  which 
lie  was  very  successful.  Hearing  the  call  of  God 
to  preach  the  gospel,  he  entered  Rochester  Theo- 
logical Seminary  in  1874,  and  graduated  in  1877. 
Before  he  completed  his  course  he  received  the 
unanimous  call  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Madison, 
Wis.,  to  its  pastorate.     He  entered  upon  his  labors 


here  in  the  autumn  of  1877.  The  church  had  been 
in  a  very  dispirited  condition  for  a  number  of 
years.  Through  Mr.  Maltby's  pastorate  a  great 
change  has  been  effected.  The  house  of  worship 
has  been  thoroughly  repaired,  a  new  organ  pur- 
chased, a  fine  congregation  gathered,  and  the  future 
of  the  church  is  full  of  promise.  II(!  occupies  one 
of  the  most  important  fields  in  the  State, — the  cap- 
ital of  the  Commonwealth.  He  is  Ijringing  to  his 
work  the  practical  wisdom  gained  by  large  experi- 
ence with  men  in  business  relations,  mature  and 
finely  cultured  intellectual  powers,  and  a  heart 
aglow  with  love  for  the  highest  and  holiest  calling. 
H(!  has  won  in  his  brief  ministry  the  place  of  a 
trusted  shepherd  in  his  flock,  that  of  a  Christian 
gentleman  in  the  city,  and  that  of  a  useful  and  re- 
spected minister  of  Christ  throughout  the  State. 

Mangam,  William  D.,  was  born  in  Croton, 
Westchester  Co.,  N.  Y. :  an  uncommon  man,  with 
acute,  strong,  comprehensive  mind,  and  noble, 
generous  impulses ;  started  in  the  city  of  New 
York  without  capital,  and  became  one  of  the 
largest  and  most  successful  commission  merchants; 
but  lived  not  for  himself',  was  an  unswerving  Bap- 
tist in  his  principles ;  bequeathed  to  the  Clinton 
Avenue  Baptist  church  of  New  York  City,  of 
whi('h  he  was  a  member,  a  property  worth  $60,000  ; 
was  habitually  benevolent,  and  always  active  and 
noble. 

Manly,  Basil,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Chatham  Co., 
N.  C,  Jan.  25,  1798;  baptized  Aug.  26,  1816,  and 
licensed  to  preach  in  IBIS.  He  graduated  at  the 
College  of  South  Carolina,  Dec.  3,  1S21,  with  the 
first  honor,  vvdien  honors  were  given  to  such  men 
as  Preston,  Pettigrew,  and  O'Neal.  He  was  or- 
dained in  1822.  His  first  settled  pastorate  was  at 
Edgefield  Court-IIouse,  S.  C,  where  the  savor  of 
his  influence  is  yet  felt.  In  March,  1826,  he  be- 
came pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Ciiarles- 
ton.  Seldom  has  a  pastor  been  so  loved  by  all,  saint 
and  sinner,  old  and  young. 

After  about  ten  years  of  most  successful  labor  in 
Charleston  he  became  president  of  the  State  Uni- 
versity of  Alabama.  He  was  the  controlling  spirit 
of  the  university,  and  it  enjoyed  unwonted  pros- 
perity for  eighteen  years  under  his  administration. 

In  1855  he  returned  to  Charleston  as  pastor  of 
the  Wentmouth  Street  church.  After  four  years 
of  fruitful  toil,  he  was  again  recalled  to  Alabama 
as  State  evangelist,  a  position  for  which  lie  was 
peculiarly  fitted,  and  his  labors  were  abundantly 
blessed. 

He  spent  the  close  of  his  life  with  his  son.  Rev. 
B.  Manly,  Jr.,  professor  in  the  Southern  Baptist 
Theological  Seminary,  at  Greenville,  S.  C.  It  was 
a  great  pleasure  to  him  to  see  the  institution  in 
successful  operation  for  which  he  had  so  long 
labored   and    prayed.     Doubtless    he   could   have 


MANLY 


744 


MANNING 


adopted  the  language  of  Simeon  :  "Lord,  now  let- 
test  thou  thy  servant  depart  in  peace,  for  mine 
eyes  have  seen  thy  salvation." 


BASIL    MANI.Y,  D.D, 


Dr.  Manly  was  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
ministers  with  which  the  Spirit  of  God  ever  blessed 
the  Baptist  denomination. 

Manly,  Basil,  Jr.,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  son  of  the  dis- 
tinguisiied  Dr.  Basil  Manly,  of  South  Carolina,  was 
horn  in  Edgefield  District,  S.  C,  Dec.  19,  1825. 
After  attending  a  preparatory  school  in  Charles- 
ton, he  became  a  student  at  the  State  University 
of  Alabama,  where  he  graduated  in  1843.  He 
then  entered  Newton  Theological  Seminary,  where 
he  remained  for  a  time,  and  subsequently  gradu- 
ated at  Princeton.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  at 
Tuscaloosa,  Ala.,  in  1844,  where  he  was  ordained 
in  1848.  He  preached  two  years  to  several  country 
churches  in  Alabama.  In  1850  he  accepted  a  call 
to  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Richmond,  Va.  His 
health  failing,  in  1854  he  superintended  the  erec- 
tion of  a  building,  costing  S70, 000,  for  the  Richmond 
Female  Institute,  of  which  he  became  principal. 
In  1859,  when  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological 
Seminary  was  established  at  Greenville,  S.  C,  he 
was  elected  one  of  its  original  professors.  AVhile 
the  seminary  was  suspended  during  the  war  he 
preached  to  several  churches  in  the  neighborhood. 
Upon  the  re-opening  of  the  seminary  he  resumed 
his  professorship,  in  addition  to  which  he  col- 
lected money  for  the  support  of  students,  by  means 
of  which  nearly  a  hundred  young  men  were  en- 
abled to  attend  the   institution.     In  1871  he  ac- 


cepted the  presidency  of  Georgetown  College,  which 
position  he  occupied  until  1879,  when  he  again  ac- 
cepted a  professorship  in  the  Southern  Baptist 
Theological  Seminary,  now  located  at  Louisville, 
Ky.  He  is  regarded  as  a  man  of  extensive  learn- 
ing and  critical  scholarship,  and  is  still  more  highly 
esteemed  for  his '' meek  and  quiet  spirit"  and  his 
constant  devotion  to  the  cause  of  Christ. 

Manly,  E.ev.  C.  G.,  was  born  in  Ilamden,  Geauga 
Co.,  0.,  Jan.  14,  1834;  converted  and  baptized  in 
1851.  He  attended  the  district  school  and  Burton 
Academy,  and  studied  at  Kalamazoo  and  Franklin 
Colleges.  He  was  ordained  at  Rolling  Prairie,  Ind., 
in  February,  1865,  and  was  pastor  of  the  church 
there  one  year  ;  was  missionary  colporteur  of  the 
Baptist  Publication  Society  for  Northern  Indiana 
to  Southern  Michigan  one  year ;  organized  the 
church  at  Three  Oaks,  Mich.,  during  this  year  and 
became  their  pastor,  and  continued  with  them  four 
years.  He  came  to  Kansas  in  Noveinber,  1869, 
and  organized  the  second  Baptist  church  west 
of  Emporia  ;  assisted  in  constituting  what  is  now 
known  as  the  Southwestern  Kansas  Baptist  As- 
sociation, in  October,  1871.  He  has  been  pastor 
of  the  Augusta  church  four  years.  During  the 
fifteen  years  that  he  has  been  in  the  ministry 
he  has  supervised  the  building  of  three  meeting- 
houses and  the  repairing  of  two.  He  is  a  modest, 
but  faithful  and  efficient  pastor. 

Manly,  Charles,  D.D.,  was  the  son  of  Dr.  Basil 
and  Sarah  M.  Manly,  May  28,  1837.  in  Charleston, 
S.  C.  He  was  prepared  for  college  at  Tuscaloosa, 
Ala.,  in  the  school  of  R.  Furman,  and  was  grad- 
uated from  the  University  of  Alabama  July  11, 
1855;  was  baptized  April.  24,  1853;  licensed  to 
preach  by  the  Tuscaloosa  TBaptist  church  Oct.  2, 
1855  ;  was  graduated  from  the  Princeton  Theologi- 
cal Seminary,  N.  J.,  April  29,  1859,.  and  was  or- 
dained pastor  of  the  church  in  Tuscaloosa,  Ala., 
June  19,  1859.  Dr.  Manly  continued  in  this  field 
of  labor  until  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  church 
in  IMurfreesborough,  Tenn.,  Sept.  24,  1871,  whence 
he  removed  to  Staunton.  Ya..  as  pastor  of  the  church 
there,  Oct.  12,  1873.  Dr.  Manly  was  connected, 
either  as  professor  or  president,  from  1860  to  1873, 
with  the  Alabama  Female  College;  and,  as  presi- 
dent, with  Union  University,  Murfreesborough, 
Tenn.,  from  September,  1871,  to  September,  1873. 
The  degree  of  A.IM.  was  conferred  upon  him  by 
the  University  of  Alabama  in  1850,  and  the  degree 
of  D.D.  by  William  Jewell  College  in  1872.  Dr. 
ISIanly  has  contributed  frequently  to  the  Religiotis 
Herald.  In  his  pastoral  labors  he  has  been  very 
successful,  and  is  a  polished  and  vigorous  preacher. 
He  is  now  pastor  of  the  church  at  Greenville,  S.  C, 
where  he  labors  with  great  acceptance  and  use- 
fulness. 

Manning,  Eev.  Edward,  pre-eminent  among 


MANNING 


745 


MANNING 


the  founders  of  the  Baptist  denoiiiination  in  the 
Maritime  Provinces,  was  born  in  1700,  in  Irehmd ; 
brought  up  in  Falmouth,  Nova  Scotia;  awakened 
by  hearing  Henry  Alline  pray,  in  1784;  converted 
April  29,  1789,  under  the  ministry  of  Rev.  John 
Payzant,  and  soon  began  to  evangelize ;  had  a  re- 
vival at  Kingscloar,  New  Brunswick,  1793;  or- 
dained Oct.  19,  1795;  renouncing  Pedobaptism, 
was  immersed,  in  1797,  in  Lower  Granville,  by 
Rev.  Thomas  Ilandley  Cliipman  ;  became  pastor 
of  the  Regular  Baptist  church,  Cornwallis,  Nova 
Scotia,  Jan.  27,  ISOS,  and  continued  in  it  till  his 
death,  Jan.  12,  1851  ;  united  in  forming  the  Bap- 
tist Association,  June  23,  1800;  was  a  firm  friend 
of  Ilorton  Academy  and  Acadia  College.  Edward 
Manning  possessed  a  massive  and  powerful  intel- 
lect, much  firmness,  keen  penetration,  great  ad- 
ministrative ability,  deep  Christian  experience ; 
was  a  profound  theologian  and  a  very  useful  min- 
ister of  Christ. 

Manning',  James,  L.D. — So  identified  was  the 
life  of  James  jNIaiiiiing  with  Brown  University  that 
the  history  of  the  earlier  years  of  that  institution  is 
also  the  history  of  his  life.  He  was  its  first  presi- 
dent, we  might  almost  say  its  founder,  and  he  ceased 
not  from  laboring  for  it  till  the  hand  of  death  in- 
terposed. The  twenty-six  years  of  his  connection 
with  the  college  were  years  calling  forth  the  high- 
est administrative  and  financial  ability,  the  utmost 
prudence  and  indomitalfle  perseverance  ;  years  al- 
ways crucial  to  a  young  and  financially  feeble  in- 
stitution, but  doubly  so  by  the  poverty  consequent 
on  the  war  of  the  Revolution.  How  ably  he  accom- 
plished the  arduous  task  that  befell  him  the  high 
position  that  Brown  University  occupies  among 
the  colleges  of  our  country  sufficiently  attests. 

James  Manning  was  the  son  of  Isaac  and  Cath- 
erine Manning,  and  was  born  at  Elizabethtown, 
N.  J.,  Oct.  22,  1738.  About  the  age  of  eighteen  he 
went  to  Hopewell,  N.  J.,  to  prepare  for  college, 
under  the  instruction  of  the  Rev.  Isaac  Eaton.  In 
1758  he  entered  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  where 
he  graduated  four  years  later  with  the  highest 
honors  of  his  class.  It  was  at  the  beginning  of 
his  college  course  that  he  made  a  public  profession 
of  his  faith,  and  shortly  after  his  graduation  he 
entered  the  ministry.  His  marriage  to  Margaret 
Stites  occurred  in  1763,  and  a  year  was  spent  by 
him  in  traveling  extensively  through  the  country. 

There  was  a  strong  feeling  among  the  Baptists 
of  their  need  of  an  educated  ministry,  and  the 
Philadelphia  Association,  which  met  in  1762,  re- 
solved to  attempt  the  establishment  of  a  denom- 
inational college  in  Rhode  Island,  and  to  Mr.  Man- 
ning was  intrusted  the  carrying  out  of  this  object. 
A  charter  was  obtained  from  the  General  Assembly 
in  1764  authorizing  the  establishment  of  the  Col- 
lege of  Rhode  Island. 
48 


Mr.  Manning  then  removed  to  the  town  of  War- 
ren, about  ten  miles  from  Providence,  where  he  es- 
tablished a  grammar-school,  which  soon  became  a 
flourishing  institution.     It  was  removed  to  Provi- 


JAMES    MAXNIXG,  D.D. 

dence  in  1770,  and  is  now  in  existence  as  the  Uni- 
versity Grammar-School.  A  church  was  organ- 
ized in  Warren  the  same  year, — 1764, — and  Mr. 
Manning  was  called  to  the  pastorate.  In  1765  he 
was  formally  appointed  "  President  of  the  College 
of  Rhode  Island,  and  Professor  of  Languages,  and 
other  branches  of  learning,  with  full  power  to  act 
in  these  capacities  at  Warren  and  elsewhere."  The 
college  opened  at  Warren  in  1766  with  one  student. 
Three  others,  however,  joined  within  a  few  days, 
and  at  the  first  commencement — 1769^a  class  of 
seven  was  graduated. 

In  1707  was  formed  the  AYarren  Association, 
comprising  at  first  but  four  churches,  but  it  soon 
extended  over  New  England.  Mr.  Manning  was 
a  prominent  and  useful  member  of  this  body,  sev- 
eral times  being  chosen  moderator.  The  Associa- 
tion was  of  much  benefit  to  the  college,  giving  it 
material  aid  and  strengtii. 

It  was  decided  in  1770  that  the  time  had  come 
for  the  erection  of  a  college  building,  and  Provi- 
dence was  selected  for  the  site,  the  town  and  county 
subscribing  £4200  as  an  inducement  thereto.  The 
officers  and  under-graduates  accordingly  removed 
from  Warren  to  Providence,  and  during  the  course 
of  the  year  University  Hall  was  erected.  Mr.  Man- 
ning having  resigned  the  pastorate  of  the  Warren 
church,  and  the  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church 


MANNING 


746 


MANNING 


of  Providence  being  desirous  of  retiring  from  the 
duties  of  his  office,  that  church  invited  President 
Manning  to  preach  for  them,  and  in  1771  called 
him  to  be  their  pastor.  His  povyer  in  the  pulpit 
was  great,  and  during  his  pa«'-'^"!i.te  the  church  was 
much  blessed.  Many  adaitions  were  made  to  its 
membership,  and  several  revivals  were  experienced, 
that  of  1774  resulting  in  104  conversions.  The  in- 
creased prosperity  and  membership  of  the  church 
under  Mr.  Manning's  charge  made  necessary  the 
erection  of  a  new  house  of  worship.  With  the  view 
also  of  holding  there  the  commencement  exercises 
of  the  college,  the  church  was  designed  and  made 
to  be  the  largest  and  finest  church  edifice  of  the 
denomination  in  the  colonies. 

President  Manning  continued  his  arduous  and 
multifarious  duties  as  president,  professor,  and 
pastor  till  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  of  the  Rev- 
olution. The  college  had  been  growing  in  reputa- 
tion and  usefulness,  and  was  fast  attaining  that 
high  position  and  influence  it  now- occupies.  But 
the  capture  of  the  town  by  the  British  foixes  neces- 
sitated the  closing  of  the  college,  the  building  being 
occupied  by  them  as  bai-racks.  After  their  de- 
parture it  was  used  as  a  hospital  by  the  American 
and  French  forces,  and  not  till  1782  was  the  course 
of  instruction  permanently  resumed.  Meanwhile, 
President  Manning  occupied  "himself  with  his  pas- 
toral labors,  and  efforts  for  the  amelioration  of  the 
distress  so  prevalent  during  that  period. 

In  1786,  President  Manning  was  chosen  by  the 
General  Assembly  to  represent  Rhode  Island  in  the 
Confederation  of  the  States.  "He  was  induced  to 
accept  the  position  in  the  hope  of  gaining  from 
Congress  an  appropriation  for  the  use  made  of  the 
college  by  the  allied  forces  during  the  struggle  for 
independence.  He  was  granted  leave  of  absence 
by  the  college  and  church  from  March  until  Sep- 
tember, when  he  returned  and  resumed  his  duties. 

The  articles  of  the  Confederation  of  the  States 
proving  inadequate  for  tlie  purpos^e  designed,  a 
union  upon  a  new  basis  was  proposed.  Our  na- 
tional Constitution,  framed  at  Philadelphia  in  1787, 
was  adopted  by  a  few  of  the  States  with  serious  op- 
position, but  in  some  of  them,  and  especially  in 
New  England,  there  was  great  danger  of  its  final 
rejection.  Dr.  Manning,  though  holding  no  politi- 
cal office,  was  deeply  interested  in  the  result,  be- 
lieving that  upon  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution 
the  future  prosperity  of  the  country  depended.  He 
attended  tlie  debates  on  the  measure  in  Boston,  and 
the  favorable  action  of  Rhode  Island  was  in  a  large 
degree  due  to  his  counsels  and  influence. 

Dr.  Manning  had  long   felt  that  his  collegiate 

duties  were  too  great  to  allow  him  to  give  the  care 

his  church  required,  and  in  1791  he  requested  the 

appointment  of  a  successor.     In  April  of  this  year 

'  he  preached  his  farewell  sermon.     He  had  the  year 


previous  expressed  a  desire  to  be  relieved  from  his 
collegiate  duties,  but  before  the  request  had  been 
complied  with  he  was  stricken  with  apoplexy,  and 
his  useful  life  was  ended  July  29,  1791,  in  the 
fifty-third  year  of  his  age.  ■ 

Manning',  Rev.  James,  another  founder  of  the 
Baptist  denomination  in  Nova  Spotia,  was  born  in 
Ireland  in  1764 ;  brought  up  in  Falmouth,  Nova 
Scotia,  and  awakened  under  Henry  Alline"s  min- 
istry ;  converted  in  1789,  and  joined  the  Congre- 
gational church,  Rev.  John  Payzant,  pastor ;  com- 
menced to  preach  in  1792  ;  evangelized  with  his 
brother  Edward  in  New  Brunswick,  in  1793  ;  in 
1796,  James,  renouncing  Pedobaptism,  was  im- 
mersed by  Rev.  Thomas  Handley  Chipman.  After 
returning  from  a  second  tour  with  Edward  in  New 
Brunswick  and  Maine,  he  was  ordained  pastor  of 
the  church  in  Lower  Granville,  Sept.  10,  1798,  and 
continued  in  this  position  to  his  death.  May  27, 
1818.  James  Manning  was  an  earnest  Christian 
and  a  faithful  minister,  a  wise  counselor  and  peace- 
maker in  the  church  of  God.  His  grandson.  Rev. 
J.  W.  Manning,  is  now  the  useful  pastor  of  the 
North  church,  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia. 

Manning,  Rev.  Reuben  Elias,  late  one  of 

the  principals  of  Wayland  Academy,  a  native  of 
Penfield,  Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y.,  was  born  March  31, 
1840.  His  parents  removed  while  he  was  quite 
young  to  Salem,  Mich.,  Avhere  he  spent  his  child- 
hood and  youth,  receiving  in  the  common  schools 
of  the  neighborhood  the  rudiments  of  an  education. 
He  devoted  himself  for  a  number  of  years  to  agri- 
cultural pursuits  with  marked  success.  As  the  re- 
sult of  his  excellent  management  he  became  the 
owner  of  a  fine  farm,  and  was  one  of  the  most  suc- 
cessful men  in  that  calling  in  his  neighborhood. 
He  obtained  a  hope  in  Christ  in  ISoS,  and  united  with 
the  Baptist  church.  He  had  frequent  convictions 
that  he  was  called  to  preach  the  gospel,  and  finally, 
in  1869,  he  abandoned  farming  and  began  to  prepare 
for  the  work  of  the  ministry.  He  graduated  from 
Kalamazoo  College,  jMich.,  in  1873,  and  from  the 
Baptist  Theological  Seminary  at  Chicago  in  1874. 
Before  graduating  he  received  a  call  to  the  pastor- 
ate of  the  Baptist  church  in  Beaver  Dam,  Wis.,  and 
was  ordained  by  this  church  Feb.  28,  1874.  Ilis 
pastorate  here  was  one  of  marked  success,  the 
church  growing  in  numbers  and  efficiency,  and  ob- 
taining through  his  influence  a  prominent  position 
in  the  community. 

In  September,  1877,  having  become  associated 
with  Prof.  N.  E.  Wood  in  the  principalship  of 
AVayland  Academy,  he  resigned  his  pastorate  to  en- 
gage in  the  work  of  teaching  in  that  institution. 
He  was  associate  principal  with  Prof  Wood,  and 
Professor  of  Mathematics  until  June,  1880,  when 
he  retired  from  the  school  with  a  view  of  again 
entering  the  pastorate. 


MANSFIELD 


747 


MARCOM 


He  is  a  man  of  splendid  executive  abilities,  witli 
superior  qualities  as  a  pastor. 

Mansfield,  Rev.  David  Logan,  a  distin- 
guished minister  in  Gasper  Kiver  Association,  was 
born  in  Logan  Co.,  Ky.,  Juno  8,  17'J7.  In  early 
manhood  he  became  a  member  of  Stony  Point 
church,  in  his  native  county.  Ilis  education  was 
completed  at  Glasgow,  Ky.,  under  the  direction  of 
that  famous  instructor.  Rev.  R.  T.  Anderson.  He 
was  ordained  to  the  ministry  in  November,  1823  ; 
soon  after  which  he  became  pastor  of  Providence 
church,  in  Warren  County,  to  which  he  removed 
in  1825,  and  there  he  settled  for  life,  lie  was  pastor 
of  several  other  churches,  and  was  very  successful 
in  leading  sinners  to  Christ.  In  the  winter  of 
1832-33  he  baptized  over  300  persons,  lie  died 
about  18.50. 

Mansfield,  Rev.  James  W.,  the  most  prominent 

minister  of  liis  day  in  Little  Kiver  Association,  in 
Kentucky,  was  born  in  Albemarle  Co.,  Va.,  March 
18,  1794.  In  1815  he  settled  in  Kentucky,  stopping 
for  a  few  months  in  Mercer  County,  where  he  was 
baptized,  and  then  locating  in  Christian  County. 
In  1819  he  removed  to  Caldwell  County,  where  he 
made  his  homo.  In  May,  1820,  he  was  licensed 
to  preach,  and  was  ordained  pastor  of  Donaldson 
church  in  1827,  in  which  office  he  served  twenty- 
five  years.  At  the  same  time  he  had  charge  of  three 
other  churches,  and  from  the  scarcity  of  ministers, 
for  a  considerable  period  he  preached  to  several  other 
ciiurches  on  "  week-days."  Among  the  churches 
he  formed  is  that  at  Princeton,  the  county  seat 
of  Caldwell.  He  was  fourteen  years  moderator  of 
Little  River  Association.  He  died  Oct.  15,  1853. 
Manton,  Rev.  Joseph  Randall,  A.M.,  sun  of 

Dr.  Shaclraeh  and  Amey  Randall  .Manton,  was 
born  in  Providence,  R.  I.,  Sept.  28,  1821  ;  gradu- 
ated at  Brown  University  in  1842  :  united  with  the 
Fourth  Baptist  church  in  Providence ;  taught  in 
Worcester  Academy ;  studied  theology  at  Hamilton, 
N.  Y. ;  ordained  to  the  Baptist  ministry  at  Glouces- 
ter, Mass.,  in  1848  ;  from  delicate  health  left  the 
New  England  coast  and  settled  with  the  church  in 
Clarksville,  Tenn.,  from  1850  to  1857,  also  preach- 
ing widely  as  an  evangelist ;  settled  with  the  Ver- 
mont Street  Baptist  church  in  Quincy,  111.,  from 
1857  to  1860 ;  from  impaired  health  removed  and 
settled  with  the  Baptist  church  at  Minneapolis, 
Minn.,  in  1860,  and  remained  till  1865  ;  removed  to 
St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  and  remained  four  years ;  in  1869 
settled  with  the  church  at  Richfield,  Minn.,  where 
he  now  labors ;  a  man  of  marked  talents,  true  de- 
votion, uncommon  culture,  and  great  eloquence,  of 
delicate  health,  successful  in  his  labors,  and  greatly 
esteemed. 

Manz,  Felix. — See  article  Anabaptists. 

March,  John,  was  born  in  England  ;  removed  to 
St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  in  1854  ;  is  o.  prominent 


Baptist  of  that  city  ;  was  connected  for  several 
years  with  the  press;  is  now  the  efficient  secre- 
tary of  the  board  of  school  trustees  for  St.  John  ;  is 
earnest  and  liberal  in  support  of  all  denominational 
oljjects. 

March,  Rev.  Stephen,  brother  of  John  March, 
was  born  March  28,  iS32,  in  England  ;  came  to 
New  Brunswick  in  1854 ;  was  ordained  at  St. 
Francis,  Now  Brunswick,  July  5,  1856  ;  became,  in 
1858,  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  St.  George, 
New  Brunswick ;  took  charge  of  the  church  in 
Bridgewater,  Nova  Scotia,  in  1862 ;  Onslow  in 
1874  ;  Canning  in  1877  ;  returned  to  Bridgewater 
in  1879.     He  is  a  good  preacher  iind  pastor. 

Marchant,  Judge  Henry,  was  bom  at  Martha's 

Vine3'ard,  Mass.,  in  April,  1741.  His  early  edu- 
cation was  the  best  that  could  be  obtained  in  the 
schools  of  Newport,  R.  I.  lie  completed  his  studies 
at  Philadelphia,  in  the  institution  which  sulise- 
quently  became  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 
He  spent  five  years  in  the  study  of  law,  and  having 
been  admitted  to  the  bar,  commenced  the  practice 
of  his  profession  at  Newport,  R.  I.  Early  in  his 
career  he  advocated  the  rights  of  his  country  against 
the  oppressions  of  Great  Britain.  At  the  October 
session  of  the  General  Assembly,  in  1770,  he  was 
elected  attorney-general  of  the  State,  and  held  this 
office  until  May,  1777.  In  1771  he  went  to  England 
in  his  official  character  to  look  after  some  matters 
affecting  the  interests  of  Rhode  Island.  AVhile 
abroad  ho  was  brought  into  intimate  relations  with 
gentlemen  of  the  Whig  party,  upon  whom  he  ex- 
erted no  little  influence  in  favor  of  his  country. 
Returning  to  his  home  in  1772,  and  anticipating 
the  troubles  which  his  sagacity  told  him  would 
soon  befall  a  town  so  exposed  as  was  Newport,  he 
purchased  an  estate  in  Narragansett,  whither  he 
moved  his  family.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Con- 
tinental Congress  for  three  years,  and  was  one  of 
the  signers  of  the  Articles  of  Confederation.  After 
the  war  he  returned  to  Newport,  which  place  he 
represented  for  a  time  in  the  General  Assembly. 
President  Washington  appointed  him  judge  of  the 
District  Court  for  Rhode  Island,  which  position  he 
held  until  his  death,  Aug.  30,  1796.  lu  his  re- 
ligious sympathies  Judge  Marchant  was  a  Baptist, 
and  shared,  with  Roger  Williams,  an  intense  love 
of  civil  and  religious  liberty,  which  was  transmitted 
to  his  posterity. 

Marcom,  Rev.  J.  C,  was  born  in  Orange  Co., 
N.  C,  in  1814  ;  baptized  in  June,  1835,  by  Thomas 
Freeman  ;  ordained  in  1847,  Revs.  J.  S.  Purefoy, 
W.  T.  Brooks,  W.  A.  Atkinson,  and  T.  B.  Ilorton 
forming  the  Presbytery  ;  has  served  many  churches 
in  Wake,  Chatham,  and  Harnett  Counties  ;  was 
reading  clerk  of  Raleigh  Association  for  thirty 
years,  and  moderator  for  two  sessions ;  has  taught 
school,  and  is  still  active  and  useful. 


MARCY 


748 


MARSH 


-  Marcy,  Gov.  William  Learned,  was  born  in 
Southbridge,  Mass.,  Dec.  12,  1786,  and  died  at 
Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y.,  July  4,  1857.  II,e  was  grad- 
uated   at    Brown    University,   removed  to   Troy, 


GOV.  WILLIAM    LEARNED    MARCY. 

N.  Y..  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar. 
lie  served  as  lieutenant  in  the  war  with  England, 
in  1812.  In  1816  lie  was  appointed  recorder  of 
Troy,  and  in  1818  he  became  editor  of  the  Troy 
Budget,  a  leading  daily  newspaper.  In  1821  he 
■was  appointed  adjutant-general  of  the  State  militia, 
and  in  1823  was  elected  by  the.Legislatui-e  comp- 
troller of  the  State,  and  removed  to  Albany.  In 
1829  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  associate  justices 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  which  office  he 
held  till  1831,  when  he  was  elected  ^United  States 
Senator.  He  served  as  Senator  two  years,  when  he 
resigned  to  accept  the  office  of  governor  of  New 
York.  He  was  re-elected  in  1834,  and  again  in 
1836.  In  1845  he  was  made  Secretary  of  War  by 
President  Polk,  a  post  made  peculiarly  difficult  by 
hostilities  with  Mexico.  As  a  member  of  Presi- 
dent Polk's  cabinet  he  distinguished  himself  in  the 
settlement  of  the  Oregon  boundary  question,  and 
other  matters  which  engaged  the  attention  of  the 
government.  In  1853  he  was  called  into  the  cabi- 
net of  President  Pierce  to  fill  the  high  office  of 
Secretary  of  State.  In  his  correspondence  with 
Austria,  his  state  pa])ors  on  Central  American  af- 
fairs, and  the  Danish  Sound  dues,  iiis  great  ability 
as  a  writer,  a  statesman,  and  dijilomatist  was  de- 
monstrated to  the  world. 

He  was  a  constant  attendant  and  liberal  sup- 


porter of  the  Pearl  Street  Baptist  church  of  Al- 
bany, and  an  ardent  admirer  of  Dr.  Bartholomew 
T.  Welch.  In  all  the  varied  relations  of  life,  pub- 
lic and  private,  there  is  no  stain  on  his  memory. 
His  wisdom,  his  faithfulness,  and  his  integrity 
stand  unchallenged,  and  his  memory  is  justly  re- 
vered by  all  who  knew  him. 

Margrave,  Rev.  William  G.^  was  born  in 
Lexington,  Va.,  Nov.  23,  1793.  The  death  of  his 
father  when  he  was  an  infant  left  his  education 
entirely  to  his  faithful  mother,  who  was  a  member 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  When  seventeen 
years  of  age  he  located  in  the  town  of  Lewisburg, 
W.  Va.,  where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life. 

He  was  for  a  long  time  one  of  the  most  ungodly 
men  in  Lewisburg,  a  common  drunkard,  and  a  re- 
proach to  his  neighbors.  While  engaged  in  his 
dissolute  pleasures  he  was  powerfully  convicted  of 
sin  and  was  converted.  It  was  with  difficulty  that 
he  found  a  Baptist  preacher  to  receive  him.  At 
length  Rev.  James  0.  Alderson  heard  of  him,  and 
came  te  his  home  and  baptized  him,  and  at  once 
he  began  to  preach.  Whatever  he  did  he  performed 
Avith  all  his  might.  And  such  was  the  strength  of 
his  faith  that  he  never  doubted  the  reality  of  his 
conversion,  and  to  the  day  of  his  death  his  zeal 
knew  no  abatement.  His  ministry  was  greatly 
blessed.  An  attack  of  pne^imonia  ended  his  work 
on  the  24th  of  February,  1867.  He  died  exhorting 
sinners  to  repent. 

Marsh,  Ebenezer,  is  one  of  the  men  long  iden- 
tified with  Baptist  progress  in  Southern  Illinois. 
He  has  been  for  many  years  president  of  the  Alton 
Bank,  and  a  pillar  in  the  Alton  Baptist  church. 
He  was  born  in  Sturbridge,  Mass.,  Sept.  16,  1806. 
He  was  educated  at  Dudley  Academy  in  that  State, 
but  in  early  life  removed  to  Illinois,  being  one  of 
the  first  settlers  in  Madison  County  in  that  State. 
His  first  occupation  was  that  of  teacher  in  the 
Rock  Spring  Seminary,  St.  Clair  County,  an  insti- 
tution founded  by  Dr.  John  M.  Peck.  In  1832  he 
removed  to  Alton,  engaging  first  in  the  insurance 
business,  subsequently  as  a  banker.  As  a  member 
of  the  church  in  Alton,  of  the  Shurtleff  College 
board  of  trustees,  and  in  other  positions  of  ser- 
vice, he  has  done  much  to  promote  denominational 
growth  in  his  own  section  of  the  State. 

Marsh,  Rev.  J.  B.,  was  born  in  Collisville, 
N.  Y.,  May  26,  1830 ;  converted  at  nine ;  baptized 
by  A.  B.  Earle  in  May,  1848  ;  was  licensed  by  the 
Collisville  church,  but  fearing  that  he  was  not 
called  he  returned  the  license  ;  came  to  Virginia  as 
a  missionary  of  the  Sunday-School  Union  in  1854 : 
to  North  Carolina  in  April,  1855  ;  was  ordained  in 
Ashville  in  September,  185S  :  preached  for  several 
years  in  Western  North  Carolina,  but  since  1868 
has  served  churches  in  Catawba,  Iredell,  and  Davie 
Counties. 


MARSH 


749 


MARSHALL 


Marsh,  Rev.  R.  H.,  was  t)orn  in  Chatham  Co., 
N.  C,  Nov.  S,  18.:i7  ;  graduated  at  Chapel  Hill  in 
18r).S  ;  wa.s  baptized  by  Dr.  T.  C.  Teasdale  at  Chapel 
Hill,  in  October,  1856;  spent  two  years  at  the 
Southern  Baptist  Theolojrical  Seminary  in  Greon- 
vUle,  S.  C. ;  was  tutor  at  Wake  Forest  College  in 
1859;  professor  in  Oxford  Female  College  in  1862- 
ti.'i ;  preached  in  Granville  County  until  18(54,  when 
the  death  of  his  father  recalled  him  to  Chatham  ; 
returned  to  Oxford  in  1808,  where  he  still  resides, 
the  blessed  pastor  of  several  excellent  country 
churches.  Mr.  Marsh  was  for  several  years  the 
pastor  of  the  Oxford  and  Henderson  churches;  was 
for  two  sessions  moderator  of  the  Flat  River  As- 
sociation, and  has  been  for  ten  years  a  trustee  of 
"Wake  Forest  (\)llego. 

Marshall,  Rev.  Abraham,  t.>  whom  belongs 
the  highest  place  among  tiie  Baptist  pioneer  preach- 
ers of  (Jeorgia,  was  born  April  23,  1748,  in  the  town 
of  Windsor,  Conn.  He  was  the  son,  and  probably 
the  oldest,  of  Daniel  Marshall,  by  his  second  wife, 
Martha  Stearns.  Although  he  was  the  subject  of 
deep  religious  impressions  from  early  childhood, 
yet  it  was  not  until  he  was  about  twenty-two  years 
of  age  that  he  entertained  well-grounded  hopes  of 
salvation.  At  that  time  his  parents  were  living 
on  Horse  Creek,  S.  C,  a  few  miles  north  of  Au- 
gusta, and  there,  about  1770,  he  united  with  the 
church,  and  was  baptized  in  the  Savannah  River. 
He  was  immediately  seized  with  a  desire  to  lead 
others  to  the  Saviour,  and  soon  began  to  call  sin- 
ners to  repentance.  In  January,  1771,  in  company 
with  his  parents,  he  removed  to  Columbia  Co.,Ga., 
and  settled  on  Big  Kiokee  Creek,  about  which  time 
he  was  regularly  licensed  to  preach.  He  was  not 
ordained,  however,  until  May  20,  1775. 

Just  as  he  had  chosen  his  life-work  the  Revolu- 
tionary war  broke  out.  and  (Georgia  became  a  scene 
of  violence  and  blood.  During  almost  the  entire 
struggle  the  people  were  subject  to  the  combined 
outrages  of  Britons,  Tories,  and  Indians.  Many 
sought  safety  in  flight,  among  whom  were  those 
noble  and  useful  men,  Edmund  Botsford  and  Silas 
Mercer,  the  former  never  to  return  as  a  permanent 
laborer,  and  the  latter  not  until  after  an  absence 
of  six  years.  Abraham  Marshall  and  his  venerable 
fiither,  however,  remained  at  their  posts,  faithfully 
preaching  the  gospel.  Sometimes  they  were  taken 
prisoners,  and  sulijected  to  great  indignities,  l)ut 
through  all  (jtod  mercifully  preserved  them. 

On  the  2d  of  Xovember,  1784.  soon  after  the  war 
closed,  Daniel  Marshall  was  called  to  his  reward  on 
high,  and  his  son  Abraham  succeeded  him  as  pas- 
tor of  Kiokee  church.  In  May,  1786.  some  busi- 
ness affairs,  in  connection  with  his  father's  estate, 
rendered  it  necessary  for  Abraham  Marshall  to 
visit  his  native  town  in  Connecticut.  He  made 
the    trip   on    horseback,  and    was   absent    several 


months,  preaching  almost  every  day  during  his 
journey.  In  \ew  England  his  sermons  drew  to- 
gether vast  crowds,  some  comparing  him  to  White- 
field  in  the  fervor  and  power  of  his  eloquence. 

On  his  return,  in  Noveml)er,  1786,  he  entered 
upon  his  ministerial  labors  with  greater  zeal  than 
ever,  and,  Ijeiug  free  from  the  care  of  a  family,  ho 
engaged  much  in  itinerant  work,  visiting  various 
parts  of  the  State,  and  preaching  the  Word  with 
great  power.  In  the  spring  of  1787  a  wonderful 
revival  began,  and  spread  far  and  wide:  thousands 
attended  the  ministrations  of  the  gospel,  and  multi- 
tudes wore  converted.  During  the  year  more  than 
100  were  baptized  at  Kiokee  church  alone,  and  the 
church  membership  soon  increased  to  more  than 
300. 

Now  in  the  zenith  of  his  powers,  Abraham  Mar- 
shall went  everywhere  throughout  the  State,  preach- 
ing, baptizing,  organizing  churches,  and  ordaining 
ministers.  So  much  assistance  did  ho  render  in  the 
work  of  constitutingchurches,and  settingmen  apart 
to  the  ministry,  that  it  was  said  to  be  ''  his  busi- 
ness, his  trade."  This  language  will  not  ajipear 
extravagant  when  it  is  remembered  that  in  three 
years  the  number  of  churches  in  the  Association 
increased  from  7  to  31,  and  in  seven  years  to  56, 
while  during  the  same  period  the  ministers  had  in- 
creased from  6  to  36. 

Mr.  Marshall  married  Miss  Ann  Waller,  of  Vir- 
ginia, in  1792,  being  then  forty-four  years  old.  and 
for  twenty-three  years  they  lived  happily  together, 
she  preceding  him  to  their  heavenly  home  by  four 
years  only.  Four  sons  were  the  issue  of  this  mar- 
riage, only  two  of  whom  attained  to  manhood. 

He  retained  the  pastorship  of  the  Kiokee  church 
until  his  death, — a  period  of  thirty-five  years, — 
during  which  it  kept  its  high  position  as  the  mother 
of  churches  and  ministers.  He  from  time  to  time 
had  the  oversight  of  other  churches.  In  addition, 
during  the  whole  course  of  his  ministry,  he  con- 
tinued his  itinerant  labors,  his  praise  being  em- 
phatically in  all  the  churches. 

In  the  old  family  mansion,  near  the  Kiokee 
meeting-house,  iSIr.  Marsliall,  full  of  years  and 
honors,  ended  his  earthly  life  on  Sunday,  Aug.  15, 
1819. 

It  is  not  too  much  to  say,  in  conclusion,  that  for 
abundance  of  labors  and  general  usefulness  the 
first  place  among  the  pioneer  Baptists  of  Georgia 
belongs  to  Abraham  Marshall. 

Marshall,  Rev.  Andrew,  was  for  many  years 
pastor  of  the  First  African  church  of  Savannah, 
Ga.  He  was  born  in  South  Carolina  about  1755. 
He  was  owned  l)y  difTerent  masters,  and  he  acted 
as  "body-servant"  to  President  Washington  when 
he  visited  Savannah.  Andrew  was  a  witness  of 
many  of  the  exciting  events  of  the  American  Rev- 
olution and  of  the  war  of  1812.  and  in  the  hitter 


MARSHALL 


750 


MARSHMAN 


war  he  showed  a  patriotism  which  proved  him  to 
Be  above  the  love  of  money. 

Andrew  purchased  his  liberty  about  the  time  he 
■was  converted,  and  he  joined  the  chul-eh  in  1785, 
and  not  long  after  he  was  licensed  to  preach.  In 
1806  he  became  pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church 
of  Savannah.  This  was  a  colored  church  ;  the  First 
church  was  a  white  community,  of  which  Dr.  Henry 
Holcombe  was  pastor.  Mr.  Marshall's  church  in- 
creased fi'om  1000  to  3000  members,  when  he  led 
oif  a  colony  and  formed  the  First  African  church. 
Here  his  popularity  was  extraordinary,  and  his  in- 
fluence and  usefulness  unbounded.  His  congrega- 
tions were  overflowing  ;  his  reputation  was  carried 
over  the  whole  country,  and  it  was  known  even 
in  Europe.  Andrew  Marshall  became  one  of  the 
noted  ministers  of  America.  Every  visitor  who 
came  to  Savannah  was  likely  to  hear,  him,  and 
when  he  was  going  to  officiate  in  Augusta,  Macon, 
or  Charleston,  throngs  greeted  his  ministrations, 
many  of  whom  were  respectable  white  persons.  It 
is  said  that  "  the  Legislature  of  Georgia  at  one  time 
gave  him  a  hearing  in  an  entire  body."  Sir  Charles 
Lyell  and  Miss  Frederika  Bremer  attended  his 
church,  and  published  sketches  of  him.  But  his 
wide-spread  fame  did  not  injure  him.  He  was  an 
intelligent  man,  and  he  was  deeply  pious ;  he  had 
wonderful  executive  ability  in  managing  his  im- 
mense church  and  his  secular  business ;  he  had 
greiit  good  sense  and  untiring  perseverance;  he 
was  endowed  with  a  keen  perception  and  with 
ready  arguments,  and  he  would  have  been  a  leader 
in  any  age  or  country. 

lie  read  and  owned  many  books,  among  which 
was  Gill's  "  Commentary,"'  which  shaped  his  the- 
ology and  gave  pei'severance  and  stability  to  his 
converts. 

"His  voice  was  so  deep,  sonorous,  and  tender 
that  its  cap.acity  for  the  expression  of  pathos  was 
unsurpassed." 

He  baptized  nearly  four  thousand  converts. 

lie  died  in  Richmond,  Va.,  Dec.  8,  1856,  and  he 
was  buried  in  Savannah  on  the  14th  of  the  same 
month. 

"  An  immense  procession  about  a  mile  long,  with 
fifty-eight  carriages,  either  loaned  ))y  families  in 
the  city  to  their  servants  or  other  colored  friends, 
or  occupied,  as  in  many  instances,  by  respectable 
white  people  themselves,  followed  him  from  his 
church  to  his  grave."  So  Andrew  Marshall,  a 
colored  friend  of  law  and  order,  a  man  of  genius, 
a  grand  Calvinistical  Baptist,  a  man  upon  whose 
ministry  the  broad  seal  of  divine  approval  conspicu- 
ously rested,  was  honored  in  life  and  in  death  in 
his  native  South. 

Marshall,  Rev.  AsaM.,  for  many  years  one  of 
the  most  beloved  ministers  of  Georgia,  was  born  in 
Jones  County,  Dec.  20,  1832,  of  parents  who  were 


pious  and  consistent  Baptists.  A.  M.  Marshall 
was  left  an  Orphan  at  seven  ;  at  twenty  he  pro- 
fessed religion  and  united  with  the  church  ;  en- 
tered the  Freshman  class  of  Mercer  in  1856,  and 
graduated  in  1860,  studying  with  a  view  to  the 
ministry.  He  was  ordained  in  the  fall  of  1860.  and 
in  the  following  year  ))ecame  chaplain  of  the  12th 
Ga.  Regiment,  and  served  through  the  entire  war, 
preaching  to  the  soldiers,  nursing  the  sick,  and 
taking  part  in  those  grand  revival  movements  that 
occurred  among  the  troops  which  resulted  in  the 
salvation  of  so  many.  After  the  war  he  returned 
home  and  entered  upon  pastoral  duty,  which  he 
has  continued  to  the  present  time,  serving  various 
churches  in  Putnam  and  Greene  Counties.  As  a 
preacher,  he  is  plain  and  unaffected,  earnest,  and 
forcible.  His  whole  aim  seemed  to  be  to  edify  his 
churches,  hold  up  the  Cross,  and  win  souls  to 
Christ.  He  is  a  man  of  genuine  piety,  and  during 
his  entire  ministry  has  maintained  acoijsistent  and 
godly  character.  He  is  a  strong  friend  of  missions 
and  Sunday-schools. 

Marshall,  Rev.  Jabez  P.,  eldest  son  of  Rev. 

Abraham  Jiarshall,  was  converted  after  leading  a 
wild  life  in  youth,  and  became  an  able  and  useful 
minister.  He  succeeded  his  father  in  charge  of  the 
Kiokee  church,  which  he  served  usefully  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  in  1832,  closing  a  period  of 
sixty  years,  during  which  father,  son,  and  grand- 
son presided  over  the  same  church.  He  wrote  a 
life  of  his  father,  and  served  as  clerk  of  the  Georgia 
Association  for  a  number  of  years. 

Marshall,  Rev.  William,  belonged  to  one  of 

the  most  distinguished  families  of  Virginia,  and 
one  that  has  been  equally  famous  in  Kentucky. 
He  was  a  brother  of  Col.  Thomas  Marshall,  so 
noted  among  the  pioneers  of  Kentucky,  and  an 
uncle  of  Chief-Justice  John  Marshall  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States.  He  was  born  in  Fau- 
quier Co.,  Va.,  in  1735.  He  grew  up  to  be  a  bril- 
liant young  man,  and  gave  himself  much  to  fiish- 
ionable  amusements.  Upon  his  marriage  with  the 
daughter  of  Rev.  John  Pickett,  a  pioneer  Baptist 
minister  of  that  region,  he  was  brought  under  the 
influence  of  the  gospel.  In  1768  he  was  converted  • 
and  baptized.  In  a  short  time  he  began  to  preach 
with  mighty  power,  and  multitudes  were  converted. 
He  was  a 'singularly  gifted  orator,  and  continued 
to  labor  here  about  twelve  years.  Meanwhile  he 
was  ordained,  and  became  pastor  of  South  River 
church.  As  early  as  1780  he  removed  to  Ken- 
tucky, and  settled  in  Lincoln  County.  He  was 
active  and  diligent  in  the  ministry,  and  in  a  short 
time  aided  in  building  up  a  number  of  churches. 
After  a  few  years  he  settled  in  Shelby  County, 
where  he  raised  up  Fox  Run  church,  and  became 
its  pastor.  He  died  in  1813. 
Marshman,  John  C,  son  of  the  distinguished 


MARSHMAN 


751 


MARSHMAN 


missionary,  Dr.  Marshman,  of  Seramporu,  accom- 
panied his  parents  to  India  in  early  childhood,  and 
spent  many  years  in  that  country  in  various  secular 
employments,  especially  identifying  himself  with 
Christian  journalism.  While  a  mere  boy  he  de- 
voted himself  with  reniarkal)le  zeal  and  fidelity  to 
the  work  in  which  the  .Serampore  inissioniiries 
were  engaged.  In  conjunction  with  his  father  he 
labored  in  producing  the  Chinese  version  of  the 
Scriptures.  He  established  the  first  paper-making 
works  in  India,  issued  the  first  newspaper  pub- 
lished in  the  Bengali  language,  and  founded  the 
English  weekly  newspaper,  the  Friend  of  India, 
which  in  his  hands  became  one  of  the  most  influ- 
ential journals  in  the  world,  and  a  potent  factor 
for  good  in  the  Indian  dependencies  of  the  British 
crown.  In  its  early  days  this  newspaper  escaped 
suppression  from  the  British  authorities  by  the 
protection  of  the  Danish  government,  under  whose 
flag  it  was  published  at  Serampore.  It  was  out- 
spoken in  its  denunciation  of  ofiicial  misdoings, 
and  fearlessly  advocated  the  civil  rights  of  the 
native  population.  But  whilst  Mr.  Marshman  con- 
tinued to  be  a  la3'man  he  did  efficient  work  in 
connection  with  the  Baptist  missions,  especially 
devoting  himself  to  the  interests  of  Christian  edu- 
cation. He  gave  a  very  large  proportion  of  his 
increasing  income  year  by  year  to  the  maintenance 
of  Serampore  College  and  other  educational  insti- 
tutions. He  became  in  later  life  the  friend  and 
trusted  adviser  of  the  government  in  important 
affairs,  and  few  men  exercised  a  greater  influence 
upon  the  rulers  and  the  ruled.  His  literary  labors 
also  procured  him  high  standing.  The  lives  of 
Carey,  Marshman,  and  Ward,  together  with  his 
history  of  India,  will  long  perpetuate  his  name. 
His  eminent  services  were  recognized  by  the  Kng- 
lish  government  by  the  bestowment  of  the  honor 
of  C.S.I.  (Companion  of  the  Order  of  the  Star  of 
India).  He  spent  the  closing  years  of  life  in  his 
native  land,  enjoying  the  esteem  of  a  large  circle 
of  friends,  and  sewing  the  cause  of  Christian  mis- 
sions and  philanthropy.  He  died  -luly  8,  1S77,  in 
his  eighty-third  year,  and  was  followed  to  his  grave 
by  many  distinguished  men,  including  Lord  Law- 
rence, formerly  governor-general  of  India,  and  other 
famous  Anglo-Indian  statesmen,  who  had  person- 
ally known  his  character  and  worth.  Mr.  Marsh- 
man's  views  concerning  missionary  methods  of 
operation  occasioned  much  discussion.  He  held 
with  tenacity  the  opinion  that  India  and  the  other 
Kastern  nations  could  not  be  converted  to  Chris- 
tianity by  Europeans,  and  that  the  business  of  mis- 
sionaries was  to  raise  up  "  native  apostles.''  When 
lie  died  he  was  engaged  upon  a  series  of  biog- 
raphies of  the  viceroys  of  India,  a  work  for  which 
he  was  universally  regarded  as  better  qualified 
than  any  man  living. 


Marshman,  Joshua,  D.D.,  was  born  at  West- 
bury  Leigh,  Wiltshire,  England,  April  20,  17G8. 
He  received  such  education  as  the  village  school 
afforded,  and  eagerly  perused  all  the  books  that  came 
within  his  reach.  His  love  of  reading  was  so  no- 
torious, that  when  he  proposed  to  join  the  Baptist 
cliur(;h,  the  members  were  afraid  he  had  too  much 
head  knowledge  of  the  gospel  to  have  much  heart 
experience  of  it,  but  their  apprehensions  in  time 
passed  away.  In  1794  he  removed  to  Bristol  to 
take  charge  of  a  school  supported  by  the  Broadmcad 
Baptist  church,  and  was  soon  afterwards  baptized 
and  received  into  church  fellowship.  He  joined  the 
classes  of  the  theological  seminary,  and  for  up- 
wards of  five  years  studied  the  classics,  and  also 
Hebrew  and  Syriac.  The  periodical  accounts 
which  recorded  the  labors  of  Carey  awakened  in 
him  a  missionary  spirit,  and  in  1799  he  and  his 
wife  offered  themselves  for  service  in  India.  Three 
other  missionaries  embarked  with  him  in  an  Amer- 
ican ship,  the  "Criterion,"  on  the  29th  of  May, 
1799,  and  landed  at  Serampore  on  October  13, 
seeking  protection  under  the  Danish  flag  from  their 
anti-missionary  countrymen  in  Calcutta.  When 
the  authorities  found  that  the  missionaries  had  ar- 
rived without  a  permit  from  the  India  House,  they 
threatened  Capt.  Wickes,  of  the  "Criterion,"  that 
his  vessel  should  be  refused  entry  unless  the  four 
missionaries  appeared  at  the  police-ofiice,  and  en- 
tered into  engagements  to  return  forthwith  to  Eng- 
land. Representations  were,  however,  made  to  the 
governor-general.  Lord  Wellesley,  which  resulted  in 
the  abandonment  of  all  hostile  proceedings  against 
the  vessel,  but  the  missionaries  were  compelled  to 
remain  at  Serampore.  After  the  establishment  of 
the  mission  in  Serampore,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Marshman 
opened  boarding-schools,  which  soon  attracted  large 
numbers  of  scholars,  and  were  a  source  of  perma- 
nent income  to  the  mission.  In  association  with 
Mr.  Marshman,  Carey  labored  on  translations  of 
the  Scriptures,  preaching,  and  other  missionary 
work.  In  1806,  Mr.  Marshman  commenced  the 
study  of  Chinese,  with  the  view  of  translating  the 
Scriptures  into  that  language,  and,  after  fifteen 
years  of  arduous  toil,  he  carried  through  the  press 
the  first  Chinese  Bible.  He  received  the  diploma 
of  D.D.  from  Brown  University  in  June,  1811.  In 
1814  he  published  "Key  to  the  Chinese  Lan- 
guage," towards  the  expense  of  which  the  govern- 
ment of  India  voted  £1000.  On  the  iilst  of  May, 
1818,  the  first  newspaper  ever  printed  in  any  East- 
ern language  was  issued  from  the  Serampore  press, 
and  was  very  popular  among  the  natives.  After 
the  death  of  Dr.  Carey,  his  already  enfeebled  con- 
stitution gave  way,  and  although  he  rallied  for  a 
time,  the  capacity  for  work  was  exhausted.  Ho 
died  on  Dec.  4,  18.37.  and  his  remains  were  laid  in 
the  cemetery  with  his  departed  colleagues. 


MARSTON 


152 


MARTIN 


Marston,  Rev.  Charles  C,  pastor  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  Clinton,  Wis.,  a  native  of  West  Med- 
way,  Mass.,  was  born  in  1849.  When  he  was  but 
a  child  his  parents  removed  to  Washington  Co., 
Iowa.  At  the  age  of  twelve  he  made  a  public  pro- 
fession of  faith  in  Christ.  Ilis  parents  were  Bap- 
tists, atid  he  had  been  from  early  youth  instructed 
in  this  faith.  But  no  Baptist  church  had  yet  been 
organized  in  the  vicinity  where  he  resided,  and  he 
united  with  the  Winebrennarians, — a  denomination 
holding  views  of  faith  and  practice  in  some  re- 
spects similar  to  those  of  Baptists.  By  them  Mr. 
Marston  was  licensed  in  1865,  and  ordained  to  the 
work  of  the  ministry  in  1866.  He  held  pastorates 
at  Boiling  Spi-ings,  Spring  Grove,  and  Lanark, 
111.  In  1876  he  united  with  the  Michigan  Avenue 
Baptist  church  of  Chicago,  111.  He  has  since  been 
fully  identified  with  the  Baptist  denomination.  He 
completed  the  usual  course  of  study  in  tlxg  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago,  preaching  for  the  Norwood  Park 
Baptist  church  while  prosecuting  his  studies  in  the 
university.  In  1878,  having  been  called  to  the  pas- 
torate of  the  Baptist  church  in  Clinton,  Wis.,  lie 
removed  to  that  place,  which  continues  to  be  his 
field  of  labor.  His  ministry  has  been  more  than 
usually  successful,  having  been  attended  with  re- 
vivals of  considerable  power.  He  is  doctrinal  in 
his  preaching,  a  close  student'of  the  Bible,  and  one 
of  the  promising  young  ministers  of  the  State. 

Marston,  S.  W.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  York  Co., 
Me.,  July  23,  1826.  He  studied  in  academies  in 
Maine  and  New  Hampshire,  and  for  four  years  in 
New  Hampton  Institute,  and  grtiduated  with  honor 
in  1852.  He  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Abner  Mason 
in  1847,  in  Medway,  Mass. ;  was  pastor  at  Brook- 
field  in  1852,  and  in  1853  went  South  for  his  health, 
and  in  a  short  time  returned  to  Middleborough, 
Mass.,  and  taught  two  years,  and  preached  during 
this  time  at  New  Bedford.  Subsequently  he  taught 
in  Greenville,  111.,  and  in  Burlington,  Iowa.  In 
1860  he  became  pastor  at  Phiinfiekl,  111.  In  1865 
he  took  charge  of  the  Boonville  Institute  in  Mis- 
souri. In  1868  he  began  his  Sunday-school  labors 
in  Missouri,  and  in  five  years  hq  increased  the  num- 
ber of  Baptist  schools  from  74  to  603,  and  organ- 
ized a  Sunday-school  Convention  in  each  of  the  59 
Associations  of  the  State,  auxiliary  to  the  State 
Sunday-school  Convention,  of  which  he  was  tiie 
secretary.  In  October,  1873,  ho  became  superin- 
tendent of  State  missions  for  ]\Iissouri,  which  posi- 
tion he  held  for  three  years,  and  then  was  appointed 
by  President  Grant  United  States  agent  for  57.000 
civilized  Indians  in  the  Indian  Territory,  whose 
affairs  he  managed  with  great  satisfaction  to  the 
government.  In  1879  he  was  appointed  by  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  superin- 
tendent of  freedmen's  missions  in  the  South,  which 
position  he  now  holds.     Dr.  Marston  is  a  thorough 


Baptist,  a  logical  thinker,  an  able  preacher,  and  a 
successful  minister  of  Jesus. 

Martin,  Rev.  A.  F.,  was  born  in  1812  in  Mis- 
souri, and  converted  in  1830 ;  has  been  preaching 
forty-seven  years  in  Liiin  Co.,  Mo. ;  has  served  as 
missionary  of  the  General  Association  of  Missouri, 
and  performed  evangelistic  worl^,  through  which 
many  have  been  converted.  He  was  ordained  in 
1833.  His  parents  were  constituent  members  of 
the  Fee  Fee  church,  St.  Louis  County,  and  his 
brother,  Dr.  Martin,  was  a  constituent  member  of 
the  Fourth  Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis. 

Martin,  Hon.  Isaac  L.,  was  born  in  New 
Brunswick,  N.  J.,  Jan.  11,  1829.  He  early  en- 
tered into  business  with  his  father,  a  merchant  in 
his  native  city.  After  years  of  success  his  father 
transferred  the  business  to  his  sons.  Mr.  Isaac 
Martin  has  long  been  a  director  of  the  National 
Bank  of  New  Jersey  and  of  the  New  Brunswick 
Fire  Insurance  Company.  After  serying  in  the 
Legislature  two  terms  he  was,  in  1879,  elected  sena- 
tor from  Middlesex  County  for  three  years.  Mr. 
Martin  while  yet  a  youth  united  with  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  New  Brunswick;  has  been  in 
the  board  of  trustees,  the  Sunday-school,  and  other 
departments  of  church  work. 

Martin,  Rev.  James,  B.A.  (of  London  Univer- 
sity), late  president  of  the  Baptist  Association,  Vic- 
toria, Australia,  and  distinguished  among  scholars 
and  theologians  for  his  translations  from  the  Ger- 
man, was  born  in  London,  England,  lii  September, 
1821,  and  at  an  early  age  joined  the  church  at 
Hackney.  He  studied  at  Stepney  College,  and  then 
proceeded  to  Bonn,  in  Germany.  Having  com- 
pleted his  course  with  success,  he  settled  first  at 
Lymington,  and  subsequently  at  Stockport,  Edin- 
burgh, and  Nottingham.  During  his  nine  years' 
pastorate  at  Nottingham  he  rose  rapidly  to  distinc- 
tion as  a  preacher  and  theologian.  He  translated 
upwards  of  twenty  volumes  of  Clark's  Foreign 
Theological  Library,  including  several  of  the  best 
works  of  Keil,  Delitzsch,  Kurtz,  Ebrard,  and  Heng- 
stenberg.  In  1869  he  received  a  pressing  call  from 
JMelbourne,  Australia,  which  at  length  he  accepted. 
The  position  involved  the  honor  and  responsibility 
of  denominational  leadership  in  that  rapidly  grow- 
ing city  and  colony,  and  high  expectations  were 
cherished  by  all  who  knew  him,  which,  in  his  brief 
Australian  career,  were  in  no  scanty  measure  ful- 
filled. But  in  the  full  tide  of  success  and  honor 
he  was  stricken  down,  and  died  Feb.  13,  1877,  in 
his  fifty-sixth  year.  Both  in  England  and  Australia 
his  death  was  keenly  felt  as  a  severe  bereavement 
to  the  donomination  and  the  Christian  church  at 
large.  Mr.  IMartin  published  little  except  an  able 
treatise  on  "  The  Origin  and  History  of  the  New 
Testament." 

Martin,  Rev.  M.  T.,  proprietor  of  Baptist  Record, 


MARTIN 


753 


MARYLAND 


Jackson,  Miss.,  was  born  in  1842;  was  nine  years 
Professor  of  Mathematics  in  Mississippi  College; 
acted  as  agent  of  the  college  after  the  war ;  re- 
deemed tlie  property  from  mortgage  ;  added  $50,000 
to  the  endowment,  and  extinguished  an  incuml)rance 
in  the  form  of  scholarships,  amounting  to  $42, 000  ; 
began  to  preach  in  1877,  and  is  one  of  the  most  effi- 
cient evangelists  in  the  State. 

Martin,  Rev.  Robert,  a  prominent  minister  in 
North  Louisiana  Assoc'iation,  La.,  was  born  in  South 
Carolina  in  1814;  began  to  preach  in  Georgia  in 
1841  ;  removed  to  Bossier  Parish,  La.,  in  1852,  and 
became  the  successful  missionary  of  the  Baptist 
State  Convention,  and  was  instrumental  in  plant- 
ing most  of  the  churches  in  Bossier  Parish.  After 
three  years  in  this  relation  he  became  supply  for  a 
number  of  the  churches  which  were  planted  by  his 
instrumentality,  and  he  has  since  la])ored  in  that 
capacity,  supplying  Salem,  New  Hope,  Sarepta, 
and  Spring  Braneli,  in  tiie  p;irisli  of  Bossier. 

Martin,  Rev.  Samuel  Sanford,  was  born 
April  15,  1820,  in  Colisville,  Broome  Co.,  N.  Y., 
and  was  baptized  at  the  age  of  sixteen.  After  a 
three  years"  course  at  Hamilton,  ho  was  ordained  at 
Colisville,  Sept.  27,  184.').  llemoving  to  Illinois, 
he  became  pastor  of  the  Knoxville,  now  Galesburg, 
Baptist  church.  His  pastorates  since  have  been  at 
Lamoille,  where  he  helped  to  build  the  first  Bap- 
tist liouse  of  worship,  at  Dixon,  Tremont,  Delavan, 
— where  also  under  his  labors  the  first  meeting- 
house was  built,  and  Rev.  D.  H.  Drake,  missionary 
to  Kurnool,  India,  was  baptized, — Washington, 
Forest  City, — a  church  being  here  gathered, — and 
San  Jos6.  Mr.  Martin  is  numbered  with  those  in 
Illinois  whose  chief  work  has  been  the  laying  of 
foundations. 

Martin,  William  E.,  A.M.,  ]irincipal  of  the 
University  Academy,  Lcwisbiirg,  Pa.,  was  born  in 
May,  1845,  in  Saltsburg,  Indiana  Co.,  Pa.  Here 
he  received  his  academic  training.  In  1868  he  was 
baptized  by  Rev.  Azariah  Shadrach,  and  united 
with  the  Saltsl)urg  Baptist  church.  In  the  follow- 
ing year  he  entered  the  Junior  class  in  the  uni- 
versity at  Lewisburg,  from  which  he  was  graduated 
in  the  class  of  1871. 

After  a  year  spent  in  teaching  in  the  pre- 
paratoi-y  department  of  the  university,  he  entered 
the  Crozcr  Theological  Seminary,  in  fulfillment 
of  his  original  purpose  to  prepare  himself  for  the 
ministry.  After  a  single  session,  however,  he  was 
recalled  to  the  work  of  instruction  at  Lewis- 
burg. He  was  principal  of  the  English  Academy 
until  1878,  when  the  classical  and  English  depart- 
ments of  the  preparatory  work  of  the  university 
wore  consolidated  into  the  University  Academy, 
with  Princi]nil  Martin  at  its  head.  He  has  been 
very  earnest  in  his  ]iurpose  to  elevate  the  standard 
of  scholarship.     Under  his  excellent  management. 


and  with  his  constant  and  self-denying  labors,  the 
acadiimy  is  a  success. 

Maryland,  The  Baptists  of. — The  first  Baptist 
church  in  Maryland  was  formed  in  1742,  at  Chest- 
nut Hidge,  about  ten  miles  north  of  Baltimore  City. 
Its  founder  was  Henry  Sator,  or  Satcr,  a  General 
Baptist,  who  came  from  England  in  1709.  It  has 
ever  since  been  known  as  "  Sat,er"s"  church.  It 
has  a  small  brick  meeting-house  in  a  beautiful 
grove  of  about  four  acres,  containing  numerous 
graves  of  the  Baptist  fathers  and  thi^ir  descendants. 
This  church  at  first  increased  rapidly.  In  four 
years  it  numbered  181  members,  and  extended  into 
Opeckon  and  Ketockton,  in  Virginia.  In  1754  a 
church,  principally  originating  from  Sater's,  was 
founded  at  Winter  Run,  in  Harford  County,  which 
has  since  borne  the  name  of  the  Harford  church. 
For  forty  years  it  was  under  the  pastoral  care  of  the 
Rev.  .John  Davis,  who  died  in  1809.  in  the  eighty- 
eighth  year  of  his  age,  venerated  and  beloved.  "  Sa- 
ter's" became  nearly  extinct  under  Antinomian 
influence,  and  is  now  a  very  feeble  body. 

The  First  Baptist  church  of  Baltimore  was  or- 
ganized Jan.  15,  1785,  with  11  members,  all  of 
whom,  except  its  pastor,  the  Rev.  Lewis  Richards, 
were  dismissed  from  the  Harford  church.  From 
the  Harford  church  also  arose  the  churches  at 
Tancytown  and  Gunpowder.  The  First  church 
worshiped  until  1817  in  a  small  house  on  the 
corner  of  Front  and  Fayette  Streets.  In  that  year 
they  completed  the  edifice  in  Sharp  Street,  so  long 
known  as  the  "  Old  Round-top,"  at  a  cost  of 
§50,000 ;  but  the  debt  thereby  incurred  was  not 
entirely  removed  for  thirty -five  years,  and  seriously 
hindered  the  prosperity  of  the  church.  During 
ninety-five  years  it  has  had  only  five  pastors, 
viz.:  Lewis  Richards,  thirty-three  years;  E.  J. 
Reis,  three  years;  .John  Finlay,  thirteen  years; 
Stephen  P.  Hill,  sixteen  years;  and  J.  AV.  M.  Wil- 
liams, the  present  pastor,  nearly  thirty  years. 
From  it  originated  several  churches,  principally 
the  AVavcrly  church,  and  the  Seventh  church  in 
1845,  and  the  Leo  Street  church  in  1854.  In  the 
year  1878,  the  vicinity  of  the  meeting-house  having 
become  almost  entirely  occupied  by  warehouses, 
the  church  removed  to  Lafayette  Avenue,  near  Tre- 
mont Street,  where,  in  a  new  and  beautiful  house 
of  white  marble,  renewed  prosperity  has  been  en- 
joyed. 

The  Second  church  of  Baltimore  was  founded  in 
1797,  by  Elder  -John  Healey,  from  Leicester,  Eng- 
land, who  with  five  others  came  to  Baltimore  in 
1795.  Elder  Ilealey  remained  as  pastor  for  more 
than  f ft  I)  years,  and  died  .June  19,  1848.  To  this 
church  belongs  the  honor  of  having  established  the 
first  Sunday-school  in  the  State  of  Maryland,  in  tlie 
year  1804. 

The  High  Street  Baptist  church  was  constituted 


MARYLAND 


754 


MARYLAND 


Feb.  14,  1835,  of  10  members,  six  of  whom  were 
'Wm.  Crane  and  his  family,  and  two,  the  Rev.  J.  G. 
Binney,  its  first  pastor,  and  his  wife.  It  was  at  first 
called  the  "Calvert  Street  church."  Mr.  Binney 
remained  but  a  few  months,  and  in  January,  1830, 
the  Rev.  George  F.  Adams  became  the  pastor,  and 
continued  as  such  for  about  seven  years,  during 
which  time  the  church  increased  to  nearly  300 
members.  In  1843,  the  Rev.  Jonathan  .  Aldrich 
succeeded  Mr.  Adams,  and  in  1844  the  church  left 
the  Calvert  Street  house  and  built  a  new  one  on 
High  Street,  first  occupied  in  November  of  1845. 
A  crushing  debt  had  been  incurred  in  its  erection, 
and  in  July,  1846,  the  pastor  resigned  and  the 
house  was  oSered  for  sale.  After  months  of  anxious 
solicitude  relief  was  obtained  by  the  concessions  of 
creditors,  the  extra  efforts  of  the  church,  the  liber- 
ality of  friends,  and  the  election  of  a  pastor,  the 
Rev.  Frankin  AVilson,  who  served  without  ^alary, 
thus  permitting  the  entire  income  to  aid  in  reducing 
the  debt.  In  November.  1850,  a  disease  of  the 
throat  compelled  Dr.  Wilson  to  suspend  his  labors ; 
but,  in  a  lai'ge  measure  owing  to  his  liberality,  the 
house  was  saved,  and  the  church  has  continued  to 
prosper  under  his  successors,  the  Revs.  H.  J. 
Chandler,  John  Berg,  L.  W.  Seeley,  E.  R.  Hera, 
Geo.  P.  Nice,  R.  B.  Kelsay,  M.  R.  Watkinson,  and 
J.  T.  Craig.  The  above  named  may  rightly  be 
called  the  "mother-churches,"  as  most  of  the  others 
(except  the  Nanjemoy  and  Good  Hope  churches  in 
Charles  County)  sprang  from  them  either  directly 
or  indirectly. 

ASSOCIATIONS. 

T7ie  Salishuri/  Association,  on  the  eastern  shore 
of  the  Chesapeake  Bay,  was  formed  in  1782,  under 
Elijah  Baker  and  Philip  Hughes.  It  probably 
never  had  over  600  members,  and,  having  adopted 
anti-mission  views,  has  almost  dwindled  into  non- 
entity. 

The  first  meeting  of  the  Baltimore  Baptist  Asso- 
ciation was  held  at  Fredericktown,  in  August, 
1793.  Six  churches,  with  226  members,  were  rep- 
resented there.  It  increased  slowly,  until,  in 
1820,  it  had  18  churches,  with  1362  members.  It 
was  decidedly  in  favor  of  domestic  and  foreign 
missionary  operations  for  more  than  forty  years, 
with  a  few  dissentients  on  the  part  of  some  pas- 
tors and  churches.  The  anti-missionary  spirit 
culminated  at  the  meeting  held  in  May,  1836,  at 
Black  Rock,  in  the  adoption,  by  a  vote  of  sixteen 
to  nine,  of  resolutions  against  "  uniting  with 
worldly  societies,"  and  in  a  declaration  of  non-fel- 
lowship with  those  who  had  done  so.  By  "  worldly 
societies"  were  meant  missionary,  Sabbath-school, 
Bible,  tract,  and  temperance  societies.  The  Asso- 
ciation was  at  once  divided,  and  the  two  sections 
have  since  had  only  a  nominal  existence. 
.   The  Man/land  Bajj/ist  Union  Association  was  or- 


ganized Oct.  27,  1836,  with  only  6  churches,  4  min- 
isters, and  345  members.  The  ministers  were  Ste- 
phen P.  Hill,  Geo.  F.  Adams,  Thos.  Leahman,  and 
•Joseph  j\Iettam.  From  the  beginning  it  was  a  mis- 
sionary body,  and  in  favor  of  all  the  objects  de- 
nounced by  the  "Black  Rock"  resolutions.  For 
many  years  it  included  several  churches  in  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia ;  but  in  1877  six  white  churches 
there  withdrew  to  form  a  separate  Association,  and 
in  1879  the  few  colored  churches  of  the  District  also 
withdrew,  so  that  the  Association  is  now  confined 
to  Maryland  alone.  Its  present  statistics  will  be 
found  below.  The  largest  number  ever  reported 
was  in  1877,  before  the  withdrawal  of  the  District 
churches,  viz.,  51  ministers,  60  churches,  10,716 
membei's.  Nearly  all  the  churches  outside  of  Bal- 
timore have  been  aided  more  or  less  by  its  contribu- 
tions, and  several  of  those  within  the  city.  During 
the  forty-four  years  of  its  existence  it  has  dis- 
bursed, in  sustaining  missionaries  and  ai^ding  feeble 
churches,  §130,518,  besides  assisting  indirectly  in 
the  erection  of  a  large  number  of  meeting-houses, 
the  education  of  young  men  for  the  ministry,  the 
support  and  endowment  of  the  Columbian  Univer- 
sity, and  the  distribution  of  Bibles  and  religious 
publications.  A  weekly  paper,  the  True  Union,  was 
originated  under  its  auspices  in  1S50,  and  continued 
until  suspended  by  the  war  in  1861.  Afterwards, 
in  1865,  the  Maryland  Baptist,  a  monthl3%  was 
issued  for  one  year.  Subsequently,  the  Rev.  0.  F. 
Flippo  for  several  years  published  a  monthly, — the 
Baptist  Visitor.  The  Association  has  an  invested 
fund  of  §11,205  derived  from  special  legacies,  a 
"  Superannuated  Ministers'  and  Widows'  Fund" 
of  §3061.22,  and  a  "  Church  Building  Loan  Fund" 
of  §606.81. 

The  Baltimore  Baptist  Church- Extension  Society, 
organized  in  1854,  has  been  of  much  value  in  plant- 
ing churches  in  the  city.  The  Lee  Street  and  Frank- 
lin Square  meeting-houses  were  built  under  its  au- 
spices, and  more  recently  the  Loadenhall  Street 
house;  and  a  new  and  handsome  edifice  for  the 
First  Colored  church  has  been  partly  erected  by 
this  society  aiding  the  members  of  the  church. 
The  recent  progress  of  the  colored  Baptists  in  Bal- 
timore has  been  wonderful.  The  First  church, 
founded  in  1836,  had  only  SO  members  in  1868, 
after  an  existence  of  thirty-two  years;  it  now  has 
350.  In  1848,  the  Rev.  Noah  Davis,  then  a  slave 
in  Virginia,  was  aided  by  Baltimore  Baptists  in 
purchasing  his  freedom.  He  became  a  missionai-y 
of  the  Association,  and  a  small  church  was  organ- 
ized under  his  ministry  in  1852.  That  church, 
united  with  fragments  of  others,  has  now  grown  to  be 
the  largest  one  in  the  Association ;  and  the  colored 
Baptists,  who,  twelve  years  ago,  were  comprised  in 
2  churches,  with  273  members,  have  now  5  churches, 
with  2726  members. 


MARYLAND 


755 


MASON 


REVIVALS. 
Many  revivals  liave  occurred  at  intervals  in  sepa- 
rate churches,  but  some  have  had  a  general  and 
marked  inQuence  on  the  denomination.  Tlie  first 
was  in  1839,  when  the  additions  by  baptism  (GOG) 
were  more  nuinorous  than  the  whole  previous  n'^- 
groi^ate  of  members  ('jG')).  In  1857  the  baptisms 
reported  were  559.  From  1870  to  the  present  time 
(except  in  1871-72)  the  annual  additions  have 
ranged  from  531  to  1085. 

EMINENT   MINISTERS. 

This  sketch  would  be  very  incomplete  without 
furtlier  reference  to  at  least  two  brethren  whose 
labors,  under  (Jod,  have  l)een  greatly  blessed  in 
building  up  the  cause  of  trutli  in  Maryland, — the 
Rev.  George  F.  Adams  and  Richard  Fuller.  To 
Brother  Adams  was  largely  due  the  origin  of  the 
Maryland  Haptist  Union  Association.  As  pastor 
of  two  churches  in  the  city,  and  two  or  three  in 
the  country,  ,as  general  State  missionary  for  sev- 
eral years,  as  editor,  historian,  as  a  faithful,  zeal- 
ous, wise,  consistent,  devoted  man  of  God,  his 
labors  and  his  character  contributed  much  to  the 
extension  of  our  principles  and  the  establishment 
of  the  churches  in  the  faith.  lie  died  April  IG, 
1877,  universally  lamented,  leaving  behind  him  a 
precious  memory,  and  a  rich  treasure  in  the  "  His- 
tory of  the  Maryland  Cliurches,"  carefully  prepared 
by  him. 

The  Rev.  Richard  Fuller,  D.D.,  entered  upon  the 
pastorate  of  the  Seventh  church,  Baltimore,  June 
1,  1847.  After  twenty-four  years"  labor  there, 
during  which  the  church  increased  from  104  to 
1170  members,  he  went  out,  in  1871,  with  134 
members,  to  establish  the  Eutaw  Place  church. 
At  the  time  of  his  deatli,  October,  1876,  that  church 
had  increased  to  4G8  memliers.  But  his  usefulness 
must  not  l)e  measured  by  the  hundreds  converted 
and  baptized  under  his  ministry.  The  influence 
of  his  noble  character,  his  splendid  talents,  hia  im- 
passioned eloquence,  his  fame  as  one  of  the  greatest 
pulpit  orators  of  the  age,  his  powerful  advocacy  of 
every  philanthropic  and  Christian  enterprise,  did 
much  to  give  bis  beloved  denomination  and  the 
truth  it  maintains  a  higher  estimate  in  the  public 
mind,  and  to  win  for  it  a  wider  sway.  Such  trans- 
cendent abilities  so  thoroughly  consecrated  to  Jesus, 
and  permitted  for  nearly  thirty  years  to  shed  their 
sacred  lustre  upon  Baltimore  and  the  surrounding 
country,  formed  indeed  one  of  the  richest  gifts  of 
God  to  the  Baptists  of  .Maryland. 

Quite  a  large  number  of  ministers  have  gone 
forth  from  the  Maryland  Baptist  churches,  many 
of  them  to  do  good  in  other  States.  Among  them 
are  the  honored  names  of  Spencer  II.  Cone,  Bar- 
tholomew T.  Welsh.  Wm.  Carey  Crane,  Elijah  S. 
Dulin.  Xoali  Davis,  the   GiuikIim-  of  the   American 


Baptist  Publication  Society,  and  Benjamin  Griffith, 
for  so  many  years  its  efficient  corresponding  secre- 
tary ;  the  missionaries  Rosewell  II.  Graves,  Brethren 
Bond  and  Rohrer,  whose  mysterious  loss  at  sea  oc- 
casioned such  profound  sorrow  ;  J.  L.  Holmes,  mur- 
dered by  the  rebels  in  China;  Jno.  A.  McKean,  J. 
H.  Phillips,  .1.  B.  T.  Patterson,  Levi  Tliorne,  Isaac 
Cole,  S.  C.  Borton,  J.  W.  T.  Boothe,  •).  L.  Lodge, 
J.  T.  Beckley,  C.  J.  Thompson,  Richard  B.  Cook, 
J.  H.  Brittain,  George  McCulloQgh,  11.  W.  Wyer, 
W.  S.  Crowley,  and  many  others. 

CONDITION    IN    1880. 

Nearly  all  the  Baptist  churches  in  Mai-yhuid  are 
connected  with  the  Maryland  Union  Baptist  Asso- 
ciation. At  its  session  in  November,  1879,  reports 
were  received  from  47  churches,  14  of  them  being 
in  Baltimore  City,  and  33  in  the  country  or  in  the 
smaller  towns.  The  strength  of  the  denomination  is 
in  the  city  of  Baltimore.  Ten  of  the  city  churches 
are  white,  numl)ering  3G41  nieml)ers;  four  colored, 
numliering  2G8G  members.  Twenty-three  of  the 
other  churches  are  white,  numbering  1386  mem- 
bers ;  ten  colored,  numbering  G05.  In  other  words, 
there  are  in  Maryland  8318  Baptists,  of  whom  5027 
are  white,  3291  colored.  Of  these,  G327  are  in  14 
churches  in  Baltimore,  averaging  over  452  mem- 
bers to  each  church,  while  only  1991  are  in  the  33 
churches  of  the  Stiate  at  large,  averaging  about  CO 
members  to  each  church.  The  largest  church  is 
the  Union  Colored  church  of  Baltimore,  with  1497 
members.  The  largest  white  church  is  the  Seventh, 
with  590  members,  though  several  others  nearly 
equal  it;  for  instance,  the  First  church,  528;  the 
Eutaw  Place,  519;  the  Franklin  Square,  494;  the 
High  Street,  438  ;  the  Lee  Street,  407  ;  the  Second, 
Broadway,  328. 

All  the  city  churches  have  good  substantial 
houses  of  worship,  none  very  large,  but  several  of 
considerable  architectural  beaut}'.  They  arc  well 
located,  at  proper  distances  from  each  other,  so  as 
to  reach  all  parts  of  the  city.  All  except  four,  one 
German  and  one  colored,  are  self-supporting  and 
liberal  in  benevolent  contributions.  With  each  is 
connected  a  flourishing  Sunday-school. 

Many  of  the  churches  in  the  State  are  not  well 
located.  Of  the  23  white  churches  only  7  are  in 
towns  or  cities  of  over  2000  population,  the  re- 
mainder being  in  small  villiigos  or  country  places. 
All  of  them  have  suital)le  meeting-houses,  generally 
paid  for.  Partly  for  want  of  material,  their  growth 
has  been  slow,  and  their  struggles  for  existence 
severe.     Several  have  become  extinct. 

Mason,  AlansonP.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Cheshire, 
Mass.,  Jan.  19,  1813.  He  was  graduated  from 
Madison  University  in  the  class  of  1836,  and  from 
the  Hamilton  Theological  Seminary  in  183S.  lie 
was  pastor  of  four  churches  in  the  State  of  New 


MASON 


756 


MASON 


York, — Clockville,  Gi-oton,  Binghamton,  and  Wil- 
liamsburg, and  of  the  First  Baptist  churches  in 
Fall  River  and  Chelsea,  Mass.  After  serving  the 
latter  church  for  thirteen  years,  he  resigned  his 
pastorate  to  enter  upon  the  duties  of  district  secre- 
tary for  New  England  of  the  American  Baptist 
Home  Mission  Society.  In  this  position  he  is 
tiow  serving  his  thirteenth  year.  While  pastor  in 
Chelsea  he  was  for  seven  years  a  member  of  the 
board  of  overseers  of  Harvard  University  by  ap- 
pointment of  the  Massachusetts  Legislature.  He 
received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from 
Madison  University  in  1859. 

Mason,  Rev.  Auguste  Francke,  pastor  of  the 

Baptist  church  in  Milwaukee,  Mich.,  was  boi'n 
in  Clockville,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  17,  1839.  He  is  a  de- 
scendant of  sturdy  old  Samson  Mason,  a  dragoon 
of  the  republican  army  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  who 
came  to  America  in  1650,  and  concerning  whom 
the  records  of  Rehoboth,  Mass.,  contain  the  follow- 
ing curious  mention  :  "  Dec.  9,  1657. — It  was  voted 
that  Samson  Mason  should  have  free  liberty  to  so- 
journ with  us,  and  to  buy  house,  lands,  or  meadow, 
if  he  see  cause  for  his  settlement,  provided  that  he 
lives  peaceably  and  quietly."  Anabaptist  as  he 
was,  this  permission  was  regarded  a  peculiar  act 
of  grace  on  the  part  of  the  New  England  Puritans. 
For  generation  after  generation  the  descendants  of 
Samson  Mason  were  pastors  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  Swanzey,  Mass.  The  Rev.  Alanson  P.  Mason, 
D.D,,  the  sixth  generation  from  the  old  Cromwell- 
ian,  and  Sai'ah  Robinson  Mason,  were  the  parents 
of  Auguste  Francke  Mason.  Mr.  Mason's  father, 
an  able  and  prominent  minister  of  the  Baptist 
church,  after  a  pastorate  at  Clockville,  N.  Y.,  was 
settled  for  six  years  at  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  and  thir- 
teen years  at  Chelsea,  Mass.  Mr.  Mason's  mother 
was  the  daughter  of  a  New  Eijgland  fiirmer,  and  a 
woman  of  superior  intelligence  and  great  force  of 
character.  She  was  educated  at  Mrs.  Willard's 
well-known  seminary,  Troy,  N.  Y.,^in  which  in- 
stitution she  afterwards  became  a  teacher.  Mi\ 
Mason  was  educated  at  Chelsea,  Mass.  Afcer 
leaving  the  high  school  he  became  a  clerk  in  the 
counting-room  of  a  mercantile  house  in  Boston, 
where  his  energy  and  business  aptitude  pointed  to 
a  successful  career.  In  1857,  during  the  great  re- 
ligious awakening,  he  was  the  subject  of  deep  re- 
ligious convictions,  which  caused  him  to  withdraw 
from  mercantile  life  and  to  turn  his  attention  to 
the  gospel  ministry.  After  a  course  of  study  at 
Madison  University,  from  which  he  afterwards  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  A.M.,  he  was  ordained  at 
Barnst!il)le,  Mass.,  in  June,  1S59.  Although  com- 
paratively a  young  man,  his  ministerial  labors  ex- 
tend over  a  period  of  nearly  twenty  yeai's,  and 
have  been  attended  with  marked  success.  He  has 
been  settled  as  pastor  at  Mcriden,  New  York  City, 


Leominster,  and  Washington,  D.  C.  Mr.  Mason 
is  an  earnest  and  forcible  speaker,  and  his  sermons 
exhibit  much  originality  of  thought  and  scholarly 
research. 

Mason,  Eev.  Darwin  N.,  was  bom  in  Indiana, 
and  reared  in  New  York,  on  the  shore  of  Lake 
Erie,  on  a  farm.  He  graduated  at  the  State  Nor- 
mal School  in  Albany  in  1856.  He  was  ordained, 
and  settled.as  pastor  at  Rochester,  Minn.,  in  1861  : 
removed  to  Iowa  in  1868  :  served  as  pastor  in 
Cedar  Falls,  as  principal  in  Des  Moines  University, 
as  pastor  in  Indianola,  Boone,  Marshalltown,  and 
Marion.  He  was  secretary  of  the  Iowa  Baptist 
State  Convention  1874-77.  He  has  been  in  his 
present  pastorate  at  Marion  since  1876. 

Mason,  Francis,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  York.  Eng- 
land, April  2,  1799.  In  early  life  there  was  devel- 
oped in  him  a  remarkable  taste  for  mathematical 
studies.  A  love  for  the  English  classics  was  also 
awakened,  and  he  made  himself  familitw  with  the 
works  of  the  best  authors  in  his  native  tongue.  He 
came  to  this  country  in  1818.  After  his  conversion 
he  could  not  rest  satisfied  with  the  routine  of  his 
daily  life.  He  wanted  to  do  noble  things  for  his 
Master.  He  M'as  licensed  to  preach  Oct.  1,  1827, 
and  became  a  member  of  the  Newton  Theological 
Seminary  in  November  following.  Two  years 
afterwards  he  received  an  <ippointment  from  the 
executive  board  of  the  Missionary  Union,  and  sailed 
May  26,  1830,  in  company  with  Rev.  E.  Kincaid 
and  wife,  for  Calcutta,  and  arrived  in  Maulniain  in 
November.  He  joined  Mr.  Boardman  in  Tavoy  in 
1831,  and  was  with  him  during  the  last  weeks  of 
his  life,  administering  the  ordinance  of  baptism  to 
the  Karen  converts  on  the  memorable  occasion 
when,  as  a  dying  man,  the  worn-out  missionary 
reclined  on  the  banks  of  the  stream  in  whose  waters 
the  new  disciples  were  "  buried  with  Christ  by  bap- 
tism." Di\  Mason's  connection  with  the  Tayoy 
mission  continued  for  about  twenty-two  and  a  half 
years,  or  one-half  of  his  whole  missionary  life. 
While  at  Tavoy  Dr.  i\Iason"s  life  was  an  exceed- 
ingly active  one,  and  the  visible  results  of  his 
labors  were  manifest  in  manj'  directions.  For  some 
time  the  superintendence  of  the  station  rested  on 
him.  A  seminary  for  the  education  of  teachers 
and  preaehers  was  also  under  his  charge.  He 
translated  the  Scriptures  into  the  Sgau  Karen  and 
Pwo  Karen  languages.  He  also  made  his  collec- 
tions for  his  "  Notes  on  the  Fauna  and  Flora  of 
Burmah,"  published  in  1852,  and  for  a  similar 
work  which  was  published  some  time  later. 

Dr.  Mason  having  obtained  permission  of  the 
board,  proceeded  to  Toungoo  to  commence  a  mission 
in  that  place,  where  he  arrived  Oct.  22.  1S33.  In 
a  few  weeks  he  was  joined  by  San  Quala.  "  the 
Karen  apostle,"  and  two  assistants.  The  most  re- 
markable success  followed  tlie  labors  of  these  de- 


MASON 


757 


MASON 


voted  missionaries.  Although  Dr.  Mason  was 
obliged  to  leave  Burmah  for  this  country  in  the 
early  part  of  1854,  the  work  went  on  with  marvel- 
ous strides,  so  that  when,  three  years  later,  he 
returned  to  Toungoo,  there  were  2600  baptized 
Christians  and  35  churches  connected  with  the 
mission.  In  ten  years  from  the  establishment  of 
the  station  more  than  6000  converts  had  been  bap- 
tized and  126  churches  had  been  formed. 

In  the  midst  of  this  wonderful  prosperity  oc- 
curred those  singularcircninistances  which  those  who 
have  made  themselves  familiar  with  the  history  of 
this  mission  will  recall.  Mrs.  Mason,  the  wife  of 
Dr.  Mason,  came  under  the  influence  of  certain 
strange  delusions,  and  through  her  teachings  of  the 
new  converts  the  most  lamentable  defections  from 
the  simple  gospel  were  the  result.  The  peculiar 
hallucination  which  seemed  to  have  taken  posses- 
sion of  her  mind  was  this :  "  She  pretended  to  have 
found  the  language  in  which  God  spoke  to  Adam, 
the  '  God  language'  as  she  called  it,  in  the  em- 
broideries of  the  Karen  women's  dresses,  in  the 
pagodas,  and  other  appendages  of  Buddhist  wor- 
ship, and  claimed  that  all  nations  have  this  lan- 
guage, and  that  what  is  needed  only  is  to  read  it 
according  to  the  key  which  she  stated  she  had  re- 
ceived." It  was  in  vain  that  the  executive  board 
protested  against  the  inculcation  of  these  wild 
vagaries,  and  set  forth  the  great  injury  which  the 
Karen  churches  must  suffer  from  the  propagation 
of  such  sentiments.  Di'.  Mason  did  not  see  fit  to 
interfere  in  the  matter,  and  there  was  no  alterna- 
tive but  that  his  connection  with  the  Missionary 
Union  must  cease.  For  a  little  more  than  seven 
years  this  separation  continued,  but  at  last  the 
extravagant  conduct  of  his  wife  forced  him  to 
believe  that  she  must  be  laboring  under  a  form  of 
insanity,  and  he  could  no  longer  sanction  the  course 
which  she  was  pursuing.  His  relation  to  the  Mis- 
sionary Union  was  restored  July  11,  1871,  and  con- 
tinued harmonious  and  pleasant  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  March  3,  1874. 

From  the  foregoing  sketch  it  is  evident  that  Dr. 
Mason  was  no  common  man.  Placed  in  any  position 
he  could  not  fail  to  secure  respect  for  his  ability. 
He  created  a  new  literature  for  the  Karens,  giving 
to  them  the  Word  of  God  and  other  devout  and 
instructive  books  in  their  own  tongue.  He  was  a 
careful  observer  of  the  natural  history  of  the 
country  in  which  he  passed  so  many  years  of  his 
life.  Sir  J.  D.  Hooker,  an  eminent  English  natural- 
ist, says  of  his  "  Fauna  and  Flora,  etc.,  of  British 
Burmah  and  Pegu,"  "  F.  Mason,  D.D.,  has  made 
the  most  vahiable  addition  to  the  history  of  the 
fauna  and  ilora  of  British  Burmah  of  any  man  of 
modern  times."  In  many  respects  Dr.  Mason  will 
be  regarded  as  holding  a  first  place  in  the  ranks  of 
American  missionaries. 


Mason,  Rev.  J.  0.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Fort 
Ann,  Washington  Co.,  \.  Y.,  Dec.  25,  1813.  His 
parents  were  active  members  of  the  Baptist  Church, 
and  lived  until  a  ripe  old  age.  Their  influence  and 
training  during  his  early  years  very  largely  moulded 
his  sul)sequent  life  and  character.  When  about  to 
enter  college,  in  his  eighteenth  year,  he  was  con- 
verted, and  began  to  prepare  for  the  gospel  min- 
istry. In  1833  he  became  a  student  in  the  Literary 
and  Theological  Institution  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y., 
graduating  in  1836.  Shortly  after  appointed  by 
the  Foreign  Mission  Board  as  a  missionary  to  the 
Creek  Indians  beyond  the  Mississi[)pi.  He  was  or- 
dained Aug.  30,  1838,  and,  accompanied  by  his  wife, 
started  for  his  field.  The  unsettled  state  of  the 
Indian  tribes  rendered  mission  work  almost  im- 
possible, and,  after  many  attempts  to  gain  a  foot- 
hold, he  was  compelled  to  abandon  it.  In  May, 
1840,  he  settled  as  pastor  at  Fort  Ann,  and  re- 
mained with  much  success  nearly  four  years. 
Sept.  1,  1844,  he  entered  upon  the  great  work  of 
his  life,  as  pastor  of  the  Bottskill  Baptist  church, 
in  Greenwich,  N.  Y.  With  an  occasional  brief  in- 
termission oa  account  of  ill  health,  he  has  labored 
with  this  honored  church  until  the  present  time. 
During  all  these  years  he  has  been  blessed  in  lead- 
ing souls  to  Christ  and  in  breaking  the  bread  of 
life  to  a  people  in  whose  hearts  he  is  held  with 
affectionate  regard. 

Mason,  Deacon  John  R.,  son  of  Deacon  Mason, 
of  Warren,  R.  1.,  is  a  member  of  the  Central  church, 
Oakland,  and  treasurer  of  the  California  Baptist 
State  Convention.  He  was  born  at  Warren,  R.  I., 
in  1826 ;  spent  some  years  at  St.  Louis,  Mo. ; 
crossed  the  plains  for  California  in  1849 ;  and  has 
been  a  successful  merchant.  He  was  converted  in 
1868,  and  baptized  by  Rev.  J.  P.  Ludlow,  and  has 
ever  been  active  in  church  and  denominational 
interests  on  the  Pacific  coast. 

Mason,  Rev.  J.  P.,  was  bom  in  Chatham  Co., 
N.  C,  March  13,  1827  ;  baptized  by  Rev.  Johnson 
Olive,  November,  1848  ;  ordained  in  January,  1856, 
Revs.  G.  W.  Purefoy,  B.  J.  Hackney,  and  Thomas 
Yarboro  forming  the  Presbytery.  Mr.  Mason  has 
served  Lystia  church  for  twenty-two  years,  and 
served  other  country  churches  nearly  as  long.  He 
is  a  good  pastor. 

Mason,  Prof.  Otis  Tufton,  was  bom  in  East- 
port,  Me.,  April  10,  1838  ;  was  baptized  in  18.56, 
and  united  with  the  First  Baptist  church,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  and  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Alexandria,  Va.,  in  1859. 
Prof.  Mason  was  educated  at  the  Columbian  Col- 
lege, where  he  graduated  in  1861  with  the  degree 
of  A.M.  From  that  time  to  the  present  he  has 
been  the  successful  principal  of  the  preparatory 
school  of  the  university.  He  is  superintendent  of 
the    Sunday-school  of  the    First    Baptist   church, 


MASON 


758 


MA  SSA  CHU SETTS 


~Wasliirigton,  D.  C,  and  a  deacon  in  the  same.  He 
is  a  collaborator  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  in 
anthropology,  joint, editor  of  the  scientific  depart- 
ment of  Harpers'  sei'ials,  and  anthropolo^rical  editor 
of  the  American  Naturalist.  He  is  the  author  of 
fseveral  papers  on  anthropology,  published  in  the 
■"  Smithsonian  Reports,"  and  in  the  "  Proceedings 
•of  the  American  Association."  Prof.  Mason  is,  at 
present,  engaged  in  collating  materials  for  an  en- 
cyclopaedia of  the  North  American  Indians,  an 
atlas  of  the  archaeology  of  the  United  States,  and  a 
grammar  and  dictionary  of  the  Southern  Indian 
languages,  a  department  of  research  in  which  he  is 
deeply  interested,  and  for  which  he  has  special 
aptitude. 

Mason,  Sumner  R.,  L.D.,  was  born  in  Cheshire, 
in  the  western   part  of  Massachusetts,  June    14, 


SUMNER    R.   MASOX,  D.D. 

1819.  He  was  a  lineal  descendant  of  Samson 
Mason,  who  was  at  one  time  an  officer  in  Crom- 
well's army,  a  radical  in  politics  and  a  Baptist  in 
religion.  He  came  to  America  about  1650.  For 
assisting  in  the  building  of  the  Baptist  meeting- 
house in  Swansey  he  was  summoned  before  the  au- 
thorities of  Plymouth  colony,  fined  fifteen  shillings, 
and  warned  to  leave  the  jurisdiction.  "When  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  about  seven  years  of  age 
his  parents  removed  to  Pcnfield,  in  the  western 
part  of  New  York.  His  father  died  in  1828,  leaving 
a  widow  and  a  large  family.  Dr.  Mason  pursued 
his  preparatory  studies  in  Cincinnati,  and  entered 
Yale  College  in  1838.  whore  he  remained  two  years. 
He  was  baptized  and  united  with  the  First  Baptist 


church  in  New  Haven,  March  1,  1840.  For  the 
next  seven  years  he  was  engaged  in  teaching  in 
Cincinnati  and  in  Nashville,  Tenn.  He  was  li- 
censed to  preach  by  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
Nashville  when  Dr.  Howell  was  pastor,  Sept.  7, 
1844.  He  pursued  his  theological  studies  under 
the  direction  of  Dr.  Howell,  'and  was  ordained 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Lockport, 
N.  Y.,  Aug.  22,  1849,  where  he  remained  until 
called  to  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  where  he  commenced  his  ministerial  labors 
March  4,  1855.  Here  he  proved  himself  to  be  ''  a 
workman  that  needed  not  to  be  ashamed,  rightly 
dividing  the  word  of  truth."  The  church  under 
his  ministry  of  sixteen  years  grew  not  only  in  its 
membership,  but  in  sound  doctrine  and  active 
benevolence,  and  every  year  added  to  its  pastor's 
reputation  and  the  weight  of  his  influence  in  every 
direction  in  which  that  influence  was  exerted.  It 
might  have  reasonably  been  predicted  that  many 
years  of  active  service  and  great  usefulness  were  be- 
fore this  devoted  minister  of  Christ,  but  in  the  very 
prime  of  life  he  was  suddenly  cut  down.  What  at 
the  time  was  known  as  the  •'  Revere  disaster"  sent 
a  great  shock  through  the  minds  of  people  residing 
in  the  neighborhood  where  the  frightful  event  oc- 
curred. Dr.  Mason  was  on  his  way  to  Beverly, 
Mass.,  to  exchange  pulpits  with  Rev.  J.  C.  Foster. 
It  was  on  Saturday  evening,  Aug.  26,  1871.  At  the 
Revere  station,  a  few  miles  out  of  Boston,  an  ex- 
press train  from  Portland  met  the  outgoing  train, 
and  Dr.  Mason,  with  a  score  of  others,  was  instantly 
killed. 

In  an  appreciative  sketch  of  the  life  of  Dr.  Mason, 
his  friend.  Dr.  0.  S.  Stearns,  says  of  him,  "He  was 
a  sincere  friend,  an  earnest,  sympathetic  Christian, 
a  truth-searching  theologian,  an  effective  preacher, 
a  wise  and  judicious  pastor.  To  his  family  he  has 
bequeathed  a  life  full  of  sunny  memories.  By  his 
people  his  name  will  always  be  honored.  In  his 
denomination  he  will  long  be  considered  one  of  its 
choicest  ornaments.  By  all  who  knew  him  he  will 
be  esteemed  as  Ajirince  in  Israel.^'' 

Massachusetts  Baptists. — We  can  trace  the 
history  of  the  denomination  in  the  State  of  Massa- 
chusetts nearly  to  the  settlement  of  Boston  in  1630. 
Among  the  earlier  inhabitants  of  the  district  taken 
possession  of  by  Gov.  Winthrop,  and  the  nearly 
fifteen  hundred  people  who  accompanied  him,  there 
were  found  some  who  had  grave  doubts  about  the 
divine  authority  of  the  rite  of  infant  baptism,  and 
refused  to  have  it  performed  in  the  case  of  their 
own  children.  The  first  president  of  Harvard  Col- 
lege, Rev.  Henry  Dunster,  took  a  decided  stand  on 
the  subject,  and  openly  avowed  his  sentiments 
against  infant  baptism.  Then  came  the  persecu- 
tion of  Thomas  Gouid,  and  the  troubles  through 
which  the  First  Baptist  oliurch  in  Boston  passed, 


MASSACHUSETTS 


759 


MATHER 


beginning  with  the  formation  of  the  church  in 
1665  and  extending  through  several  years.  Two 
years  previous,  in  16G3,  tiie  church  in  Swanzcy  was 
formed,  it  being  really  a  transfer  of  the  Swansea 
church  in  Wales,  organized  in  1649,  to  this  country. 
From  the  Boston  church  there  were  formed,  from 
time  to  time,  churches  in  different  sections  of  the 
State,  made  up  chiefly  of  meml)ers  who,  having  been 
connected  with  that  church  ))ecause  it  was  the  only 
church  of  their  faith  which  they  could  conveniently 
join,  desired  to  enjoy  church  privileges  in  the  lo- 
cality where  they  lived.  In  this  way  commenced 
the  church  in  Kittery,  formed  in  Maine  in  16M2, 
and  about  the  same  time  the  church  in  Ne\vl)ury. 
Thomas  lloUis,  an  eminent  merchant  of  London, 
proved  hinisolf  the  warm  friend  of  his  denomina- 
tion by  making  generous  provision  for  Baptist 
young  men  to  bo  educated  for  the  ministry  in  Har- 
vard. As  early  as  17'27  we  find  that  there  were 
Baptists  in  Springfield,  the  pastor  of  the  First 
church  in  Boston,  by  special  request,  visiting  that 
place  to  administer  the  rite  of  baptism  to  several 
persons.  Before  the  close  of  the  century  there 
were  about  50  churches  in  different  sections  of  the 
State.  Among  the  oldest  of  these  we  mention  the 
church  in  Wales,  1736;  Bellingham,  1737;  the 
Second  church,  now  Warren  Avenue  church,  Bos- 
ton, 1743;  First  Middlehorough,  1756;  West  Har- 
wich, 1757;  Third  Middlehorough,  1761  ;  and  the 
First  church  in  Haverhill,  1765.  With  rare  ex- 
ceptions very  few  of  these  50  churclies  were 
churches  of  much  pecuniary  ability.  But  they 
were  earnest  followers  of  Christ,  and  contended 
for  what  they  believed  to  be  "the  faith  once  de- 
livered to  the  saints."  They  encountered  perse- 
cution, they  sufiered  many  civil  disabilities,  and 
yet  they  continued  to  grow  and  multiply  until 
they  have  reached  a  high  rank  among  the  other 
denominations  of  Christians  in  the  State. 

The  latest  statistics  give  us  the  following  figures  : 
There  are  14  Associations,  embracing  289  churches, 
with  232  pastors.  The  number  of  ordained  minis- 
ters in  the  State  is  328.  The  total  membership  of 
the  churches  is  48,764,  and  the  amount  of  money 
raised  for  various  purposes,  so  far  as  reported,  for  the 
year  covered  by  the  statistical  tables  to  which  we 
refer,  was  §713,125..  The  church  having  the  largest 
membership  is  the  Union  Temple,  Boston,  the  num- 
ber being  1501. 

Of  the  State  denominational  societies  the  Con- 
vention may  lie  first  mentioned.  It  was  formed 
May  26,  1802,  and  was  incorporated  Feb.  28,  1808. 
It  is  authorized  to  hold  real  estate  to  the  amount 
of  S;200,000.  The  receipts  for  1880  were  813,800. 
The  officers  of  the  Convention  at  the  jiresent  time 
are  Eustace  C.  Fitz,  president,  and  four  vice-presi- 
dents, all  laymen,  Rev.  G.  W.  Bosworth,  U.D.,  sec- 
retary, and  Rev.  Andrew  Pollard,  D.D.,  treasurer. 


directors  is  made  up  of  50  ministers  and  laymen, 
who  represent  the  different  sections  of  the  State. 
Another  organization  is  "  The  Baptist  Charitable 
Society  for  the  Relief  of  Widows  and  Orphans  of 
Deceased  Baptist  Ministers."  Rev.  G.  G.  Fairbanks 
is  its  president.  Its  receipts  in  1880  were  over 
$2550.  This  society  was  formed  in  1821.  "The 
Massachusetts  Baptist  Pastoral  Conference"  was 
formed  in  1829,  its  object  being  the  relief  of  aged 
and  indigent  ministers.  It  is  authorized  to  hold 
property  to  the  amount  of  ?75,000.  The  president 
is  Rev.  C.  M.  Bowers,  D.D.  "  The  Northern  Bap- 
tist Education  Society"  was  formed  in  1814.  It  has 
a  permanent  fund  of  §32,400.  The  president  is  Rev. 
Henry  M.  King,  D.D.,  and  the  secretary  Rev.  J.  C. 
Foster.  The  society  has  aided  during  the  year  52 
young  men  studying  for  the  ministry.  Its  income 
in  1880  was  §6774.91.  (See  articles  on  First  Bap- 
tist Church  of  Boston,  First  B.\1'tist  Ciiukch  op 
Sw.\NZEv,  Newton  Tiieoi,ogic.\l  Seminarv,  Pierce 
Academy,  Worcester  Academv,  and  The  Watch- 
man AND  Reflector.) 
Mather,  Rev.  Asher  E.,  was  bom  in  Canada 

in   1823  ;  son  of  Deacon   Alonzo  T.  .Mather.     The 


REV.    ASIIEU    K.   MATHER. 

family  removed  to  St.  Lawrence  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in 
1828,  and  to  Michigan  in  1836.  He  devoted  some 
time  to  teaching,  and  then  engaged  in  business  in 
the  city  of  Detroit.  His  attention  was  early  turned 
to  the  gospel  ministry,  and  many  of  his  brethren 
thought  he  was  called  of  God  to  this  work  before 
he  could  overcome  his  fear  lest  he  was  not  qualified 
for  it.  At  length,  in  1851,  turning  away  from  pur- 
suits that  promised  large  pecuniary  returns,  he 
became  pastor  in  Mount  Clemens,  where  he  was  or- 
dained in  August,  1851.     This  pastorate  continued 


MATHEWS 


760 


MAT  EI  AS 


only  for  a  year,  but  was  specially  attended  with 
the  blessing  of  God.  The  Tabernacle  church,  in 
Detroit,  of  which  he  had  been  a  deacon,  called  him 
to  be  its  pastor,  and  he  accepted  the  call.  But  the 
plans  of  the  church  could  not  be  carried  out  with 
the  means  at  its  command,  and  after  a  brief  period 
he  removed  to  Romeo,  whei-e  a  small  church  was  in 
a  depressed  condition.  During  the  next  four  years 
his  work  was  greatly  blessed,  a  good  house  of  wor- 
ship and  a  parsonage  were  built,  and  the  church, 
which  had  been  aided  by  the  American  Baptist 
Home  Mission  Society,  became  self-  supporting. 
His  next  pastorate  was  in  Pontiac,  and  continued 
nine  years.  These  were  years  of  prosperity.  At 
the  opening  of  the  war  he  rendered  valuable  ser- 
vice in  raising  a  regiment  of  volunteers,  and  became 
its  chaplain.  He  was  absent  from  the  church  a 
year  in  this  service. 

In  1866  he  became  district  secretary  of  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society,  and  for 
ten  years  engaged  in  work  for  that  society  with 
great  earnestness,  and  with  constant  tokens  of 
divine  approval.  Having  led  in  the  organization 
of  the  chux'ch  in  Caro,  in  1876,  and  the  erection  of 
its  house  of  worship,  he  became,  soon  after,  pastor 
in  Portland,  where  he  is  now  engaged  in  earnest 
work. 

No  Baptist  in  Michigan  is  more  fully  acquainted 
with  the  churches  throughout  the  State^  and  none 
have  rendered  a  service  more  widely  felt.  He  has 
assisted  at  the  dedication  of  more  than  fifty  houses 
of  worship.  It  was  at  his  suggestion  that  the 
Woman's  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  of  Michi- 
gan was  formed, — the  first  society  of  its  kind  in  the 
country.  He  served  the  State  Convention  as  its 
secretary  for  seven  years,  and  in  1879  was  made  its 
president. 

Mathews,  William,  LL.D.,  is  by  far  the  best 
and  most  successful  writer  the  West  has  yet  pro- 
duced. Having  enjoyed  in  early  life  the  culture  of 
New  England,  and,  later,  having  breathed  for  many 
years  the  stimulating  atmosphere  of  the  West,  he 
combines  with  the  finished  scholarship  of  the  one, 
the.  vigorous  vitality  of  the  other.  He  was  born  at 
AVaterville,  Me.,  July  28,  1818.  His  taste  for  study, 
and  his  proficiency  in  whatever  in  that  way  was 
undertaken,  were  shown  very  early  in  life.  At  the 
age  of  thirteen  he  entered  Waterville  College,  now 
Colliy  University,  and  in  1835,  at  the  age  of  seven- 
teen, graduated.  Two  years  were  then  spent  in 
the  Harvard  Law  School,  and  two  years  more  in 
the  office  of  Hon.  Timothy  Boutelle,  of  Waterville. 
Having  been  admitted  to  the  bar,  he  first  taught 
for  a  year  in  Virginia,  but  returning  to  Waterville 
in  1841,  he  began  the  practice  of  law,  associating 
with  that,  however,  the  editorship  of  a  literary' 
}iaper, —  The  Yankee  Blade.  This  latter  proved  to 
be  for  him  the  more  congenial  sphere.     After  two 


years  the  paper  was  removed  to  Gardiner,  Me., 
where  for  some  four  or  five  years  its  publication 
was  continued  with  marked  success  ;  subsequently 
to  Boston,  in  which  city  it  achieved  a  circulation 
and  popularity  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States 
scarcely  equaled  by  any  other  literary  paper.  As 
editor  of  the  Blade.,  Mr.  Mathews  formed  many  in- 
teresting and  valuable  literary  acquaintances,  in- 
cluding several  of  the  best  known  and  most  eminent 
of  American  writers. 

In  1856,  Mr.  Mathews  sold  his  paper  and  re- 
moved to  Chicago.  His  work  here  was  at  first  in 
the  formof  contributions  to  various  journals  ;  but 
in  1859  he  was  appointed  librarian  of  the  Young 
Men's  Association,  holding  that  office  some  three 
years.  He  was  then  elected  Professor  of  Rhetoric 
and  English  Literature  in  the  University  of  Chi- 
cago. This  place  he  filled  with  eminent  success 
until  1875,  when  he  resigned  it,  with  a  view  to  de- 
vote himself  entirely  to  authorship.  *  In  this  new 
line  of  work  he  has  been  remarkably  successful.  His 
writings  for  the  most  part  have  the  form  of  essays, 
upon  subjects  literary,  biographical,  and  practical, 
covering  a  wide  range,  but  so  grouped  as  to  give 
each  of  his  volumes  admirable  unity  of  direction 
and  general  topic.  His  style  is  a  model  of  elegance 
and  vivacity,  while  his  method,  being  largely  illus- 
trative, enables  him  to  ufilize  the  results  of  an  al- 
most ubiquitous  reading  and  study.  The  titles 
of  his  principal  books,  and  nearly  in  the  order  of 
their  appearance,  are  '"  Getting  On  in  the  World," 
"  Words,  their  Use  and  Abuse,"  "'  Orations  and 
Orators,"  and  "Monday  Chats,"  the  last  named 
being  a  translation  of  Sainte-Beuve's  "  Causeries  du 
Lundi,"  introduced  by  aa  appreciative  biography 
of  the  great  French  litUn-aleur  and  critic.  Dr. 
Mathews's  home  is  still  in  Chicago,  where  he  enjoys 
the  warmest  esteem  of  a  wide  circle  of  cultured 
friends. 

Mathias,  Rev.  Joseph,  of  Hilltown,  Bucks  Co., 
Pa.,  was  born  May  8,  1778.  He  was  baptized  on 
a  profession  of  his  faith  in  his  twenty-second  year. 
He  was  ordained  to  preach  the  gospel  July  22, 
1806,  and  he  continued  in  the  work  of  the  ministry 
for  more  than  forty-six  j'ears  as  pastor  of  the  same 
church.  He  possessed  a  vigorous  intellect,  a  spirit 
of  stem  loyalty  to  Jesus,  and  a  heart  overflowing 
with  love  to  the  Redeemer. 

He  was  a  strong  Calvinist,  fully  persuaded  that 
each  believer  owed  his  salvation  to  a  gospel  spring- 
ing from  the  everlasting  and  personal  love  of  God, 
a  gospel  bearing  the  whole  treasures  of  grace  to 
every  heart  that  received  it,  and  a  gospel  surely 
carrying  each  recipient  to  the  world  of  glory.  ' 

He  was  untiring  in  the  use  of  means  to  bring 
men  to  the  Saviour.  His  prayers  for  the  salvation 
of  his  people  were  marked  by  a  fervor  and  a  faith 
that  nothing  could  surpass.     His  public  appeals  to 


MAT  HI  AS 


761 


MAXCY 


saints  and  sinners  to  follow  Josus  were  unusually 
tender  and  earnest. 

lie  preached  three  times  on  the  Lord's  day,  and 
several  times  during  the  week.  And  it  was  his 
regular  custom  to  make  a  tour  annually,  at  a  con- 
venient season  of  the  year,  extending  over  several 
weeks,  and  to  preach  every  night  at  the  place 
where  he  stopped.  To  gather  a  congregation  he 
sent  word  beforehand,  and  the  people  thronged  to 
hear  the  'gospel.  In  a  brief  account  of  one  of  these 
apostolic  trips  before  nie,  it  is  stated  that  he 
preached  in  ten  different  places,  and  })aptized  ten 
persons  at  three  of  his  meetings.  Only  one  of 
these  services  was  held  in  a  church,  the  others 
were  conducted  in  barns  and  school-houses.  The 
labor  performed  for  the  Saviour  in  this  way  was 
effective  and  very  extensive.  Many  were  born 
again,  and  united  with  other  denominations,  and 
many  others  formed  Baptist  churches,  several  of 
which  are  in  a  flourishing  condition  at  this  time. 

In  one  of  his  preaching  journej's  he  tells  of  two 
persons  '"  who  requested  baptism,  but  the  relation 
they  gave  was  not  satisfactory,  and  their  request 
was  not  granted."  Mr.  Mathias  built  u[)  Christian 
churches  in  the  truth,  and  with  soundly  converted 
members,  whose  future  experience  would  encourage 
their  brethren  and  commend  the  gospel. 

He  was  an  earnest  advocate  of  missions  all  over 
our  own  country,  and  away  to  tlie  ends  of  the 
earth.  He  was  ever  ready  to  speak  for  missions  in 
his  own  church  and  in  the  region  around.  And  it 
was  his  custom  to  commend  Christian  love  for  the 
perishing  at  home  and  abi'oad  by  a  liberal  con- 
tribution of  his  own,  which  gave  him  freedom  of 
utterance  in  appealing  to  others,  and  which  im- 
parted a  peculiar  power  to  his  missionary  argu- 
ments. 

He  had  five  sons  and  three  daughters,  every  one 
of  whom  was  converted  under  his  ministry,  and 
buried  in  the  waters  of  baptism  by  his  hands. 

No  man  was  loved  more  in  the  old  Philadelphia 
Association  than  Father  Mathias.  His  fame  had 
traveled  over  the  entire  State  and  a  large  section 
of  New  Jersey.  Wherever  he  was  known  he  had 
a  warm  place  in  the  hearts  of  the  friends  of 
Christ. 

He  was  a  firm  Baptist,  and  while  he  loved  all 
Christians,  he  knew  nothing  of  that  charity  that 
would  sacrifice  the  smallest  part  of  God's  truth. 
Not  for  empires,  nor  for  mines  of  gold,  nor  for 
worlds,  >vould  he  slight  his  Lord  that  ho  might 
bribe  the  servants  of  that  Master  for  their  good 
will. 

Mr.  Mathias  preached  three  times  the  Sunday 
before  his  death  ;  on  the  following  Tuesday  even- 
ing his  spirit  suddenly  entered  the  heavens.  On 
Friday  an  immense  concourse  of  people  gathered 
at  his  funeral  services,  every  one  of  whom  felt  that 
49 


a  father  and  a  friend  had  been  borne  to  the  skies 
when  Father  Mathias  fell  asleep.  And  though 
this  event  occurred  thirty  years  ago  the  memory 
of  our  venerable  friend  is  as  fragrant  as  ever, 
not  in  Hilltown  only,  but  for  hundreds  of  miles 
aro\uiil  it. 

Mattoon,  Rev.  C.  H.,  of  Albany,  Oregon,  is  an 
earnest  and  influential  preacher,  and  known  as  the 
Baptist  historian  in  that  State.  There  is  hardly 
any  pastor  or  prominent  Baptist  in  Oregon  whose 
history  is  unknown  to  Mr.  Mattoon.  He  has 
preached  in  nearly  every  part  of  the  State.  Born 
at  Canastota,  N.  Y.,  of  Old-School  Presbyterian 
parents,  he  became  a  Baptist,  and  was  immersed 
at  Genoa,  0.,  in  1844.  He  obtained  a  good  educa- 
tion at  Central  College,  0.  He  went  to  Oregon  in 
1851  ;  was  licensed  in  185,3  ;  published  The  Relig- 
hus  Expositor  six  months  ;  was  Professor  of  Mathe- 
matics in  McMinnville  two  years  ;  and  in  agency 
work  beciune  familiar  with  Baptists  in  the  State 
and  adjacent  Territories.  In  1871  he  was  ordained 
by  the  Pleasant  Butte  church  ;  is  a  strong  Baptist 
writer  of  the  Landmark  school ;  in  1874  held  a 
written  discussion  on  that  subject ;  is  more  logical 
than  rhetorical  in  preaching ;  is  positive,  and  so 
full  of  the  facts  in  Baptist  history  that  he  is  some- 
times called  "  theBaptist  Encyclopaedia  of  Oregon." 
He  is  historical  secretary  of  the  Baptist  Convention 
of  the  North  Pacific  coast. 

Maxcy,  Jonathan,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Attle- 

])orough,  Mass.,  Se])t.  '1,  17<)8.  In  his  case  the 
moulding  influence  of  a  highly  gifted  mother  was 
felt  in  the  formative  period  of  his  life.  Such  was 
the  intellectual  development  of  young  Maxcy  that 
his  parents  determined  to  secure  for  him  all  the 
advantages  of  a  liberal  course  of  study.  Having 
been  prepared  for  college  in  the  academy  of  Rev. 
AVilliam  AVilliams,  of  Wrentham,  not  far  from  his 
native  place,  he  became  a  member  of  the  Freshman 
class  in  Brown  University  in  1783,  when  he  was 
but  fifteen  years  of  age.  All  the  hopes  which  had 
been  cherished  with  reference  to  him  were  abun- 
dantly realized.  He  made  rapid  progress  in  the 
acquisition  of  knowledge  and  in  mental  discipline, 
and  graduated  with  the  highest  honors  of  his  class 
in  1787.  His  talents  were  brought  into  immediate 
service  in  the  college  where  he  had  gained  his 
laurels.  He  was  ap[)ointcd  a  tutor,  and  for  four 
years  devoted  himself  with  great  success  to  the 
duties  of  his  office.  But  his  Master  had  a  higher 
service  for  him.  Having  become  a  subject  of  the 
converting  grace  of  God,  he  was  baptized  by  Rev. 
Dr.  Manning,  and  connected  himself  with  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Providence.  The  church  at  once 
gave  him  a  license  to  preach,  and  he  was  invited  to 
supply  the  pulpit  which  President  Manning  had 
recently  vacated.  From  the  outset  of  his  public 
efforts  as  a  preacher  of  the  gospel  his  rank  as  a 


MAXCr 


762 


3fAXEY 


pulpit  orator  was  established.  So  pleased  was  the 
church  with  these  efforts  that  he  was  solicited  to 
resign  his  oifice  as  tutor  in  Brown- University  and 
accept  a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  flock  to  ^Yhich 
he  had  ministered  with  so  much  satisfaction.  The 
call'  was  accepted,  and  Mr.  Maxcy  was  ordained 
Sept.  8,  1791,  when  he  was  but  twenty-three  years 
of  age,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Stillman  preaching  the  ordi- 
nation sermon.  He  was  also  appointed  a  professor 
in  Brown  University  on  the  same  day,  as  well  as  a 
trustee  of  the  college. 

In  the  midst  of  most  congenial  employments, 
and  when  he  was  constantly  developing  his  powers 
as  a  preacher  and  a  pastor,  Dr.  Manning  was  sud- 
denly smitten  down  by  a  fatal  disease  and  died. 
All  eyes  were  at  once  turned  to  Maxcy  as  the  most 
suitable  person  to  fill  the  vacancy  created  by  the 
decease  of  the  lamented  Manning,  and  he  was 
unanimously  elected  president.  He  resigned  his 
pastorship  just  one  year  from  the  day  .he  was  or- 
dained, and  entered  upon  his  duties  in  the  univer- 
sity. He  was  only  twenty-four  years  of  age,  the 
youngest  man,  if  we  mistake  not,  that  was  ever 
called  to  fill  so  responsible  a  position  in  this  coun- 
try. His  youth  probably  brought  him  in  closer 
and  more  intimate  relatione  with  the  students  of 
the  college  than  if  he  had  been  older.  At  any  rate, 
he  was  from  the  first  very  popular,  and  the  young 
men  were  proud  of  their  youthful  president.  Sev- 
eral discourses  which  he  published  within  a  few 
years  after  he  took  charge  of  the  university  added 
greatly  to  his  reputation  -as  an  able  divine.  In 
1801  Harvard  University  conferred  on  him  the 
honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity.  He  was  at 
the  time  only  thirty-three  years  of  age.  His  official 
connection  with  Brown  University  continued  for 
ten  years,  when  he  was  called  to  the  presidential 
chair  in  Union  College,  .where  he  remained  two 
years.  Finding  our  Northern  climate  too  severe 
for  his  delicate  constitution,  he  accepted  an  invita- 
tion to  take  the  presidency  of  the  South  Carolina 
College,  where  he  remained  for  sixteen  years,  and 
was  the  means  of  raising  the  institution  to  a  high 
rank  among  the  colleges  of  the  country. 

From  all  the  traditions  that  have  come  down  to 
us  there  is  reason  to  believe  that  Dr.  Maxcy  was 
one  of  the  most  eloquent  preachers,  not  merely  of 
his  own  denomination,  but  of  any,  in  the  country. 
It  is  said  that  "  a  profound  and  breathless  silence, 
an  intense  feeling,  and  a  delight  amounting  to  rap- 
ture were  the  almost  invariable  attendants  of  his 
preaching.  His  manner  was  emphatically  his  own. 
There  was  no  labored  display,  nothing  turgid  or 
affected,  but  everything  was  easy,  graceful,  digni- 
fied, and  natural.  His  general  manner  of  delivery 
was  rather  mild  than  vehement,  and  rather  solemn 
than  impetuous  ;  commencing  in  a  moderate  tone 
of  voice,  but  becoming  more  animated  and  impas- 


sioned as  he  proceeded,  he  gradually  influenced  the 
hearts  and  feelings  of  his  audience."'  Says  Hon. 
Jas.  L.  Petigru,  of  South  Carolina,  "  Never  will  the 
charm  of  his  eloquence  be  erased  from  the  memory 
on  which  its  impression  has  once  been  made." 
Hon.  Senator  Evans,  of  South  Carolina,  "He  was 
the  greatest  orator  I  have  ever  "heard  in  the  pulpit."' 
-Judge  O'Neall,  of  South  Carolina,  "  His  were  the 
finest  specimens  of  eloquence  and  truth  to  which  it 
has  been  my  privilege  to  listen."  Dr.  Maxcy  died, 
.Juno  4,  1820. 

Maxey,  Gen.  Rice,  was  born  in  Barren,  Ky.. 
July  23,  1800.  In  1829  he  became  a  member  of 
Mill  Creek  Baptist  church,  Monroe  Co.,  Ky.  Prac- 
tised law  from  his  twenty-first  to  his  fiftieth  year ; 
removed  to  Paris,  Texas,  Nov.  20, 1857  ;  elected  to 
the  State  senate  to  succeed  his  son,  Gen.  S.  B. 
Maxey,  in  1862.  He  lived  to  see  his  son,  Samuel 
Bell  Maxey,  a  U.  S.  Senator  from  Texas.  He  was  a 
leader  in  Kentucky  and  Texas,  both*  in  religion  and 
politics,  and  exerted  great  influence  both  by  his 
lofty  character  and  fine  abilities.  He  was  twice 
married.  After  a  painful  illness,  borne  with  Chris- 
tian fortitude,  he  died  Jan.  11.  1878. 

Maxey,  U.  S.  Senator  Samuel  Bell.— The 
3Iaxey  family  are  of  Huguenot  descent,  having 
settled  on  James  River  soon  after  the  revocation  of 
the  edict  of  Nantes.     His  great-grandfather,  Rad- 


GEN.    SAMIEI.    BEI.L    MAXEY. 

ford  Maxey,  became  a  planter  in  Halifax  Co..  Ya., 
and  his  grandfather,  William  ]\Iaspy.  removed  to 
Kentucky  in  the  last  century.  His  father.  Rice 
Maxey,  was  born  in  Barren  Co.,  Ky.,  in  the  year 


MAXEV 


763 


MA  YFIELD 


1800,  and  was  a  lawyer  by  profession.  His  mother 
was  the  daughter  of  Samuel  Bell,  a  native  of  Al- 
bemarle Co.,  Va. 

Samuel  Bell  Maxey  was  1)orn  at  Tompkinsville, 
Monroe  Co.,  Ky.,  March  30,  1825.  His  father  re- 
moved, in  1834,  to  Clinton  County,  where  he  was 
<jlerk  of  the  Circuit  and  County  courts.  In  1857 
lie  removed  to  Texas  and  settled  at  Paris.  Sam- 
uel was  educated  at  the  best  schools,  studying 
Latin,  Greek,  and  mathematics  until  he  was  seven- 
teen years  old,  when  he  was  appointed  a  cadet  in 
the  Military  Academy  at  West  Point.  He  was 
graduated  there  in  1846,  and  assigned  to  the  7th 
Infantry  as  a  brevet  second  lieutenant.  That  fall 
lie  went  to  Mexico.  He  first  joined  Taylor  at  Mon- 
terey, and  when  Scott  organized  a  new  ofifensive 
line  from  Vera  Cruz,  Maxey  went  in  Twiggs'  col- 
umn to  Tampico.  lie  shared  in  the  siege  of  Vera 
Cruz,  and  was  with  Harvey's  brigade  at  the  battle 
of  Cerro  Gordo.  He  was  brevetted  a  first  lieutenant 
for  gallant  conduct  at  the  battles  of  Contreras  and 
Churubusco,  and  was  also  engaged  at  Molino  del 
Key  and  in  the  engagement  which  resulted  in  the 
capture  of  tiie  city  of  Mexico.  After  the  city  fell 
into  his  hands  Gen.  Scott  organized  a  battalion  of 
five  companies  of  picked  men  under  Col.  Charles 
F.  Smith  as  a  city  guard.  Maxey  was  assigned  to 
the  command  of  one  of  these  companies,  and  he 
was  thus  provost  of  one  of  the  five  districts  of  the 
city.  Maxey  had  learned  French  at  West  Point. 
Wiiile  in  Mexico  he  became  familiar  with  the  Span- 
ish tongue,  which  subsequently  proved  useful  to 
him  in  the  practice  of  the  law  in  Texas.  He  re- 
turned to  the  United  States  from  Mexico  in  the 
summer  of  1848,  and  was  stationed  at  Jefferson 
Barracks,  but  finally  resigned  Sept.  17,  1849.  He 
returned  to  his  father's  home,  studied  law,  and  in 
1850  began  the  practice  at  Albany,  Clinton  County. 

In  1857  he  settled  at  his  present  home  in  Paris, 
a.  promising  town  in  Northeastern  Texas,  and  prac- 
tised law  until  1861.  About  the  opening  of  the 
war  he  was  elected  to  the  State  senate,  but  never 
took  his  seat,  as  he  tiiought  he  ought  to  be  in  the 
Array.  He  raised  the  9th  Texas  Infantry  for  the 
army  under  Gen.  Albert  Sidney  Johnston.  In  De- 
cember, 1861,  it  marched  by  land  and  reached 
Memphis  in  time  to  join  tiie  army  at  Corinth.  In 
the  mean  time  he  had  been  made  a  brigadier-gen- 
eral. He  joined  Gen.  Johnston  at  Decatur,  and 
was  sent  by  him  to  Chattanooga  to  collect  and  re- 
organize troops  there. 

Gen.  Maxey's  services  in  the  Confederate  army 
were  many  and  important.  On  the  direct  applica- 
tion of  Gen.  E.  Kirl)y  Smith,  tiien  in  command  of 
the  Trans-Mississippi  Department,  in  the  fall  of 
1863  he  was  ordered  to  take  command  of  the  Indian 
Territory.  Everything  there  was  in  terrible  con- 
fusion.    Maxey,   with  very   little  aid   from  head- 


quarters, put  eight  or  ten  thousand  troops  under 
arms.  In  the  spring  of  1864  he  advised  Gen.  Smith 
of  Steele's  advance,  and  moved  into  Arkansas, 
where  he  joined  Price  and  shared  in  his  fight  at 
Prairie  Danne  to  check  the  enemy.  He  fought 
Steele  at  Poison  Springs,  April  18,  18(14,  and  cap- 
tured his  entire  train  of  'I'll  wagons.  The  loss  of 
his  transportation  compelled  Steele  to  retire.  For 
his  conduct  on  this  occasion  Maxey  was  made  a 
major-general. 

Gen.  Maxey  went  to  his  home  and  devoted  him- 
self to  the  practice  of  the  law,  which  soon  proved 
both  laborious  and  lucrative  to  him.  He  was  ap- 
pointed judge,  but  declined.  In  1874  he  was  elected 
to  the  United  States  Senate,  and  took  his  seat  March 
5, 1875.  Gen.  Maxey  undoubtedly  owes  his  election 
to  the  popular  conviction  that  he  is  stanch,  diligent, 
and  a  representative  man. 

At  first  Gen.  Maxey  was  placed  on  the  Committee 
on  Territories,  but  was  transferred  the  same  year, 
1875,  to  that  on  Military  Aff'airs.  He  has  served 
continuously  on  the  Committee  on  Labor  and  Edu- 
cation, and  on  Post-Offices,  of  which  latter  he  is 
now  chairman.  He  has  had  more  than  ordinary 
success  in  practical  legislation.  He  has  never  made 
a  report  from  any  committee  which  was  not  sus- 
tained. The  post-office  committee  is  a  very  impor- 
tant one  to  a  frontier  State.  Gen.  Maxey  has  aided 
greatly  in  increasing  the  postal  facilities  of  Texas. 
Among  others,  he  has  had  estal)lished  the  stage 
route  from  Fort  Worth  to  Fort  Yuma,  the  longest 
stage  line  in  the  world. 

Gen.  Maxey  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church, 
to  which  his  family  has  belonged  for  four  or  five 
generations.  He  is  a  gallant,  genial  gentleman, 
and  a  hard-working,  useful  Senator.  Very  few  Sen- 
ators enjoy  so  generally  the  aflection  and  esteem 
of  their  colleagues. 

Maxson,  Rev.  John,  the  first  white  child  born 
on  the  island  of  Rhode  Island,  was  born  in  1638, 
shortly  after  his  father  had  been  killed  by  the  Pe- 
quots.  He  was  one  of  the  purciiasers  of  Westerly, 
R.  I.,  in  1661,  and  one  of  the  freemen  tiiere  in 
1669  ;  ordained,  when  seventy  years  of  age,  "  to  the 
place  and  office  of  an  elder"  in  the  First  Westerly 
(now  Hopkinton)  Seventh-Day  Baptist  church ; 
had  as  assistants,  in  1710,  John  Maxson  (2d),  Wil- 
liam Davis.  -Joseph  Clarke,  Sr.,  George  Stillman, 
Joseph  Clarke,  Jr.,  and  Joseph  Crandall,  and  in 
1712  the  church  numi^ered  about  130  members  : 
died  Dec.  17,  1720,  aged  eighty-two. 

Mayfield,  W.  D.,  D.D.,  pastor  of  Central  Baptist 
church.  Little  Rock,  .Vrk.,  was  born  in  South  Caro- 
lina in  1S37  ;  began  to  preach  in  18.j6  ;  chaplain 
of  the  3d  S.  C.  Regiment,  in  tiie  Confederate  army  ; 
after  filling  several  important  pastorates  in  his 
native  State  he  became  pastor  at  Helena,  Ark.,  in 
1868;  from  1874  to  1877,  corresponding  secretary 


MAYS 


764 


3{CCALLUM 


of  the  Southern  Baptist  Publication  Society ;  then 
removed  to  Nashville,  Tenn.,  and  began  the  publi- 
cation of  the  Baptist  Reflector ;  he' also  published 
a  literary  magazine  called  Hap-py  Home;  at  the 
close  of  the  year  1879  he  removed  to  Little  Rock. 
Dr.  Maj'field  is  a  fine  writer,  and  as  he  is  yet  in 
the  prime  of  life,  much  muy  be  expected  from  his 
vigorous  pen. 

Mays,  Rev,  John  L.,  a  pioneer  preacher  in 
North  Louisiana,  by  whose  zealous  labors  many 
churches  in  Union,  Claiborne,  and  Jackson  Parishes 
were  founded,  was  born  in  1814,  and  died  in  the 
pulpit,  Nov.  16,  1866. 

Mays,  K.  G.,  M.D.,  was  born  in  Edgefield  Co., 
S.  C,  Oct.  5,  1800.  "  After  finishing  his  regular 
course  of  study,"  writes  his  sister,  Mrs.  Judge  Bre- 
vard, "  he  decided  on  medicine  as  his  calling,  and 
graduated  at  the  medical  college  in  Bajtimore  in 
1822."  Not  caring  for  his  profession,  he  devoted 
himself  to  farming  and  became  a  very  successful 
planter. 

In  the  extensive  revival  of  1831,  Dr.  and  Mrs. 
Mays  were  converted,  and  baptized  into  Edgefield 
church  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Hodges.  From  his  con- 
version to  his  death  he  was  an  earnest,  zealous 
Christian.  He  was  a  natural  orator,  readily  using 
beautiful  expressions  with  a  voice  full  of  melody, 
and  he  was  almost  irresistible  in  exhortation.  His 
prayers  were  from  a  heart  iurbued  with  the  Spirit 
of  God,  and  could  scarcely  be  heard  without  emo- 
tion. His  manners  were  genial  and  kind,  and  his 
hospitality  overflowing  and  refined. 

He  was  ready  to  aid  every  good  work,  and  being 
blessed  with  a  competency,  and  coming  to  Florida 
when  the  denomination  was  young  and  weak,  he 
did  much  to  build  it  up.  He  was  specially  inter- 
ested in  the  spiritual  welfare  of  his  slaves,  and  em- 
ployed ministers  to  preach  to  them. 

He  was, called  to  pass  through  deep  waters. 
Seven  of  nine  children. were  taken  from  him,  and 
in  April,  1878,  the  wife  of  his  youth  died  at  their 
home  at  Orange  Mills.  Since  that  time  Dr.  Mays 
himself  has  gone  to  his  eternal'  home. 

McAlister,  Rev.  I.  N.,  an  active  minister  of 
Sabine  Association,  La.,  was  born  in  Mississippi 
in  1813 ;  came  to  Louisiana  in  1853 ;  was  em- 
ployed as  a  missionary  of  the  State  Convention,  and 
did  good  service.     He  died  Jan.  27,  187-4. 

McAlpine,  Rev.  Wm.  H.,  is  about  thirty-six 
years  old  ;  reared  as  a  slave  in  a  cultivated  fiimily  ; 
received  instruction  and  good  breeding;  entered 
school  at  Talladega  soon  after  he  became  free. 
Took  a  liberal  course  in  the  Congregational  Col- 
lege at  that  place ;  at  the  same  time  received  in- 
struction in  theology  from  Dr.  J.  J.  D.  Renfroe,  by 
whom  he  was  baptized,  ordained,  and  installed  pas- 
tor of  the  colored  church  in  the  city.  He  has  been 
State  evangelist  for  his  race ;  now  pastor  of  the 


large  colored  church  at  Marion.  No  man  has  done 
more  for  the  elevation  of  the  colored  people  in  Ala- 
bama. He  is  an  excellent  preacher,  and  a  rising 
man. 

McArthuT,  Joseph  Benjamin,  was  horn  Nov. 
25,  1849,  in  the  township  of  Lobo.  County  of  Mid- 
dlesex, Ontario,  Canada.  He  attended  the  public 
school  until  fifteen  years  of  age,  and,  after  an  in- 
terval of  two  years  spent  upon  a  farm,  went  to  the 
Middlesex  Seminary.  In  1868  he  nuitriculated  into 
the  Law  Society  of  Upper  Canada,  and  was  entered 
as  a  student  at  Osgoode  Hall,  in  the  city  of  Toronto. 
He  was  called  to  the  bar  of  Ontario  in  November, 
1873,  and  was  invited  to  join  the  eminent  legal 
firm  to  whom  he  had  been  articled.  The  retire- 
ment of  a  member  of  the  firm  on  Jan.  1,  1881,  led 
to  the  formation  of  the  present  firm  of  Mulock, 
Tilt,  McArthur  &  Crowther.  Mr.  McArthur  was 
baptized  in  1873,  and  united  with  the  Alexander 
Street  church,  Toronto,  of  which  he  has  been  for 
several  yeai's  a  deacon.  He  is  superintendent  of 
the  Sunday-school,  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  To- 
ronto Baptist  College,  and  a  vice-president  of  the 
Home  Mission  Board.  For  personal  consecration 
and  liberal  giving  he  is  conspicuous  among  the 
laymen  of  Canada. 

McCall,  Rev.  G.  R.,  of  Hawkinsville,  Ga.,  is 
one  of  the  ablest,  most  prominent,  and  influential 
of  the  younger  generation  of  Georgia  Baptist  min- 
isters,— a  man  whose  modesty  equals  his  merit, 
and  whose  ability  as  a  preacher  is  second  to  few 
of  his  age.  He  was  born  Feb.  7,  1829,  in  Screven 
Co.,  Ga.,  and  was  educated  at  Mercer  University, 
graduating  with  the  third  honor,  in  a  talented 
class,  in  the  year  1853.'  He  then  spent  one  year 
in  the  same  university  studying  theology.  He 
joined  the  church  at  fifteen,  was  licensed  at  eigh- 
teen, and  ordained  Sept.  24,  1854,  when  nearly 
twenty-five.  In  January  of  1855  he  was  called  to 
preach  once  a  month  to  the  Richland  church, 
Twiggs  County,  and  has  continued  its  pastor  ever 
since.  After  tiie  war  he  settled  in  Hawkinsville, 
and  took  charge  of  the  Baptist  church  there  in  Oc- 
tober, 1866.  to  which  church  he  is  still  preaching. 
He  has  been  a  diligent  and  successful  pastor.  For 
years  Mr.  McCall  has  acted  as  the  moderator  of  the 
Ebenezer  Association,  and  his  influence  in  all  the 
region  where  he  lives  is  very  great,  especialh'  in 
the  Baptist  churches.  For  ten  years  in  succession 
he  has  been  the  clerk  of  the  Georgia  Baptist  Con- 
vention, and  for  two  years  was  clerk  of  the  South- 
ern Baptist  Convention.  He  has  been  a  member 
of  the  board  of  trustees  for  Mercer  University,  act- 
ing as  secretary  of  the  board.  He  is  a  strong  friend 
of  missions,  Sunday-schools,  and  of  education.  He 
is  an  excellent  preacher  aud  a  wise  counselor.  He 
ranks  very  high  in  the  estimation  of  his  brethren. 

McCallum,  Rev.  H.  B.,  was  born  in  Knox  Co., 


MCCLOUD 


765 


MCCONNICO 


Tenn.,  Jan.  9,  1837,  and  spent  his  childhood  at 
Gravesville,  in  the  northeastern  part  of  that  county. 
In  his  thirteenth  year  his  father  removed  to  Knox- 
ville.  Here  Hugh  spent  his  time  from  1849  to 
1853. 

In  1852  he  entered  East  Tennessee  University, 
and  remained  several  terms.  During  the  fall  of 
1852  he  was  converted,  and  was  baptized  by  Dr. 
Matthew  Ililisman  in  December  of  that  year.  He 
was  soon  impressed  with  tiie  duty  of  preaching  the 
gospel,  and  resolved  to  devote  his  life  to  that  work. 
In  1854  he  entered  Union  University,  Murfrees- 
borough,  Tenn.,  intending  to  take  a  full  course, 
but  his  health  declined  so  rapidly  that  he  remained 
but  ten  months. 

By  advice  of  his  physicians  he  visited  Florida  in 
December,  1856,  and  remained  till  spring.  By 
doing  this  for  two  or  thnn-  years  he  was  restored 
to  comparatively  good  health. 

In  1859  he  settled  in  Camden,  S.  C,  and  con- 
tinued meanwhile  to  study  theology.  The  follow- 
ing year  he  enlisted  as  a  private,  and  was  mustered 
into  service  in  the  Confederate  army.  In  1801  he 
was  called  to  the  chaplaincy  of  his  regiment,  and 
was  ordained  at  the  call  of  liis  church,  and  served 
as  chaplain  during  the  war. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  ho  settled  in  Sumter 
District,  S.  C,  and  preached  to  country  churches. 
In  1867  he  removed  to  Florida,  and  in  1869  he  lo- 
cated at  Lake  City,  and  was  soon  chosen  to  the 
pastorate  of  the  church  tiiero.  The  little  organiza- 
tion, with  no  house,  was  soon  built  up  to  an  effective 
church,  and  one  of  the  best  houses  of  worship  in  the 
State  erected.  In  1873  he  was  induced  to  com- 
mence the  Florida  Baplist,  and  published  it  two 
years,  and  then  transferred  it  to  tlie  Christian 
Index,  of  Georgia. 

Mr.  McCaUum  is  a  man  of  ability  and  energy. 
He  is  a  ready,  forcible  writer  and  speaker,  and  by 
liis  pen  and  his  preaching  has  done  much  to 
strengthen  tlie  Baptist  denomination  in  the  State. 

McCloud,  Rev.  Constant  S.,  a  native  of  Ver- 
mont. Avas  liorii  in  ISIS;  graduated  at  Georgetown 
College  in  184t);  removed  to  .Mississippi,  and  be- 
came successively  pastor  at  Starkville,  Vicksburg, 
and  Raymond.  After  the  war  he  became  pastor  at 
Jefferson,  Te.xas,  where  by  his  indefatigable  labors 
he  increased  the  membership  from  a  mere  handful 
to  about  two  hundred,  and  erected  one  of  the  hand- 
.somest  church  edifices  in  tiie  State,  and  a  comfort- 
able parsonage.  In  1872  he  became  missionary  of 
tiie  Gratid  Vaxviq  Baptist  Association,  La.  He  fell 
a  victim  to  yellow  fever  at  Shreveport,  Oct.  17, 
1S7:!. 

McCoid,  Hon.  M.  M.,  member  of  Congress 
from  Iowa,  was  born  in  Logan  Co.,  0.,  Nov.  5, 
1840.  His  father,  Robert  McCoid,  was  of  Irish, 
and  his  mother,  Jane  Bain,  of  Scotch,  descent.    Her 


fatlier  came  from  Ayrshire,  Scotland,  and  was  a 
Revolutionary  soldier  in  the  Virginia  troops.  Mc- 
Coid removed  with  his  parents  to  Iowa  when  he 
was  eleven  years  old.  He  received  a  common- 
school  education,  and  then  attended  Fairfield  Uni- 
versity, and  Washington  College,  Washington,  Pa., 
until  the  Junior  year,  leaving  because  of  ill  health. 
He  soon  after  entered  upon  the  study  of  law.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1861,  but  immediately 
enlisted  as  a  jsrivate  in  Co.  E,  2d  Regiment  Iowa 
Vols.,  in  which  he  served  f(ir  the  full  time  of  en- 
listment, being  discharged  May  28,  1864.  He  was 
promoted  to  be  second  lieutenant,  and  was  for  a 
considerable  time  acting  adjutant  of  the  regiment. 
He  was  in  seven  battles,  including  Fort  Donelson, 
Shiloh,  Corinth,  and  Stone  River.  In  1864  he  re- 
turned to  civil  life,  and  began  the  practice  of  law. 
In  1866  ho  was  elected  district  attorney  of  the 
sixth  Iowa  judicial  district,  and  served  for  four 
years.  In  1870  he  was  elected  State  senator,  and 
re-elected  in  1875  ;  in  1878  he  was  elected  from 
the  first  district  as  a  member  of  the  Forty-sixth 
Congress,  and  he  was  re-elected  to  the  present 
Congress.  He  was  brought  up  a  Presbyterian,  and 
learned  the  Shorter  Catechism  before  he  was  able 
to  read,  but  on  his  conversion,  in  1865,  he  embraced 
the  Baptist  faith,  and  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Fairfield  Baptist  church  ever  since.  He  is  a  man 
of  great  ability,  integrity,  and  piety. 
McConnico,  Rev.  Garner,   was  a  native  of 

Lunenburg  Co.,  V'a..  where  his  family  occupied  a 
high  social  position.  He  became  hopefully  pious, 
under  the  instructions  of  an  excellent  mother,  at  a 
very  early  age,  and  united  with  the  church  ;  and 
such  were  the  spirit  and  the  ability  which  he  mani- 
fested in  the  part  he  occasitmally  took  in  the  social 
religious  exercises  that  the  church  in  duo  time 
licensed  him  to  preach,  and  ordained  him  as  a  min- 
ister of  the  gospel  before  he  had  reached  his  twenty- 
eighth  year.  As  the  beautiful  valley  of  the  Cum- 
berland presented  extraordinary  attractions  as  a 
place  for  settlement,  Mr.  McConnico  sold  his  prop- 
erty in  Lunenburg  County  near  the  close  of  the 
last  century,  and  selected  as  his  future  home  a  spot 
in  Williamson  County  than  which  it  would  be 
difiicult  to  find  another  more  beautiful.  Here  he 
secured  a  large  tract  of  land,  and  spent  thirty-five 
years  rearing  a  large  and  estimable  family,  some 
of  wdiom  have  since  reached  positions  of  usefulness 
and  honor.  His  mansion  was  ever  the  scene  of  a 
profuse  hospitality.  In  it  was  found  tlie  best  society 
then  in  the  West ;  and  especially  was  it  the  home 
of  ministers  of  the  gospel.  Mr.  McConnico  imme- 
diately commenced  among  the  settlers  his  appro- 
priate work.  He  was  a  diligent  student  of  the 
Bible,  and  of  standard  theological  writings,  with 
which  his  library  was  furnished.  He  clung  with 
unyielding  tenacity  to  the  great  doctrines  of  the 


MCCOY 


706 


MCCOY 


Cross,  and  had  an  intelligent  and  definite  view  of 
the  whole  evangelical  system.  lie  prepared  his 
discourses  with  much  care,  and  they  were  charac- 
terized by  remarkable  perspicuity  and  directness, 
and  they  vrere  delivered  with  graceful  elocution 
and  impressive  fervor.  For  years  he  preached  often 
in  all  parts  of  the  middle  district,  and  sometimes 
beyond  it.  Many  professed  religion,  and  a  large 
number  of  churches  were  raised  up  mainly  through 
his  instrumentality.  Of  the  Ilarpeth  church, 
which  was  in  his  immediate  neighborhood,  and 
which  was  large,  intelligent,  and  wealthy,  he  be- 
came the  regular  pastor,  and  continued  in  the  office 
until  the  end  of  his  life.  Of  seven  other  churches 
around  him  he  was  the  stated  supply,  according  to 
the  practice  of  the  times.  His  popularity  was  al- 
most unbounded.  He  died  suddenly,  full  of  faith 
and  hope,  in  the  year  1833. 

His  piety  was  deep,  and  his  presence  neutralized 
every  tendency  to  levity.  Listening  to  him  be- 
neath the  shade  of  the  gigantic  forest-trees,  where 
he  so  often  preached,  you  would  have  felt  coming 
over  you  a  strange  reverence  for  his  mighty  mind. 
His  memory  and  influence  can  never  die. 

McCoy,  Rev.  Isaac,  the  great  apostle  to  the 
American  Indians,  was  born  in  Fayette  Co.,  Pa., 
June  13,  1784.  He  came  with  his  father  to  Ken- 
tucky in  1790.  In  1801  he  was  converted  and 
joined  the  Buck  Creek  Baptist  church.  In  1803 
he  was  married  to  Christiana  Polk,  daughter  of 
Capt.  Polk,  whose  wife  and  several  children  were 
captured  by  the  Ottowas.  Mr.  McCoy  and  his  wife 
were  afterwards  missionaries  to  that  tribe. 

In  1804  he  came  to  Vincennes,  Ind.,  and  in  1805 
removed  to  Clarke  County,  same  State.  He  had  a 
marked  influence  upon  the  churches  and  Associa- 
tions of  that  part  of  the  State.  No  one  of  the  great 
benevolent  enterprises  of,  the  denomination  was 
allowed  to  pass  unnoticed.  Living  in  a  part  of  the 
country  where  Antinomianism  was  industriously 
taught,  he  exerted  himself  to  counteract  its  baneful 
influence.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  mother 
of  all  Indiana  Baptist  churches, — Silver  Creek.  In 
1810  he  was  ordained  by  the  jNIaria  Creek  church. 
In  1817  he  received  an  appointment  as  missionary 
to  the  Indians  of  Indiana  and  Illinois.  After  his 
departure  for  his  work  the  influence  of  Daniel 
Parker  grew  rapidly  in  the  southwestern  part  of 
Indiana,  and  the  missionary  spirit  waned.  Mr. 
McCoy  was  appointed  for  one  year,  but  had  no 
thought  that  he  should  cease  to  labor  for  the  red 
man  at  the  expiration  of  that  time  ;  his  plans  em- 
braced many  years.  After  spending  some  time 
in  Western  Indiana,  it  occurred  to  him  that  he 
should  move  to  Fort  Wayne  and  establish  a  mission. 
lie  labored  there  till  1822,  when  he  established  a 
mission  about  one  mile  west  of  where  Niles  (INIich- 
igan)  now  is.     He  named  it  Carey,  after  the  English 


missionary.  ^Ir.  ^IcCoy  and  his  wife  entered  upon 
this  missionary  work  with  all  the  zeal  and  strength 
-of  faith  that  characterized  the  life  and  labors  of 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Judson.  And  their  faith  did  not  fail. 
Deprivations,  sicknesses,  and  sorrows  such  as  but 
few  mortals  know  were  not  strangers  to  them.  Mr. 
McCoy  rode  hundreds  of  miles  tlirough  the  wilder- 
ness, and  swam  the  swollen  streams,  h'ing  on  the 
wet  ground  at  night,  for  the  sake  of  carrying  for- 
ward his  missions.  He  went  on  horseback  to  Waslf 
ington  several  times  to  interest  Congress  in  meas- 
ures beneficial  to  the  Indian.  Many  months  would 
be  occupied  in  these  journeys.  One  of  the  se- 
verest trials  that  Mr.  McCoy  was  called  to  bear 
was  that  during  his  absence  from  home  sickness 
and  sometimes  death  would  visit  his  family.  Five 
of  his  children  were  called  by  death  at  different 
times  while  he  was  absent  from  home.  Persons  of 
narrow  selfish  views  would  readily  call  him  cruel 
and  indifierent,  but  men  who  could  rise  to  his  plane 
of  devotion  to  the  work  that  he  believed  God  had 
given  him  can  see  that  his  loyalty  to  the  Master 
was  superior  even  to  parental  affection.  No  man 
loved  his  wife  and  children  more  than  he. 

Many  conversions  occurred  at  the  Carey  mission. 
The  hymns  composed  by  him  on  the  occasion  of  the 
first  baptism  at  Fort  Wayne  and  at  Carey  are  ex- 
pressive at  once  of  his  great  joy  and  his  great  hope 
of  what  would  yet  be  done  for  the  Indian. 

He  records  that  the  greatest  obstacle  by  far  that 
he  was  obliged  to  meet  in  his  labors  for  the  conver- 
sion of  the  Indians  was  the  introduction  of  whisky 
among  them  by  white  men.  So  great  were  his 
annoyances  at  one  time  that  he  decided  to  send 
several  of  his  Indian  pupils  East  to  be  educated,  so 
that  they  might  become  teachers  for  their  own  peo- 
ple. They  found  a  read}'  welcome  at  Hamilton, 
N.  Y.' 

His  labors  at  Washington  were  to  secure  a  terri- 
tory for  the  Indians  into  which  the  white  man 
might  not  intrude  his  wicked  commerce.  This  he 
regarded  as  the  only  sure  hope  for  the  Christiani- 
zation  or  civilization  of  the  red  men.  He  lived  to 
see  some  of  the  tribes  settled  on  their  own  territory, 
industrious  and  happy.  In  his  labors  for  the  pas- 
sage of  such  acts  as  he  recommended  to  Congress 
he  speUks  of  the  sympathy'  and  co-operation  afforded 
him  by  Spencer  II.  Cone,  William  Colgate,  and 
others  of  his  lirethren. 

Oct.  9,  182'),  ^Ir.  i\IcCoy  preached  the  first  ser- 
mon in  English  ever  delivered  in  Chicago  or  near 
its  site.  In  1826  he  gave  up  the  personal  superin- 
tendence of  the  Carey  mission  for  the  purpose  of 
selecting  lands  for  the  Indians  fiirther  AVest.  He 
made  surveys  west  of  the  ^lississippi  River,  and 
several  times  went  to  AVashington  to  communicate 
facts  to  Congress  and  to  lay  his  plans  before  that 
body.     In  18-10  he  published  his  "  History  of  In- 


MCCOY 


767 


MCCUNE 


dian  Affairs,"  a  volume  of  600  octavo  pages,  and 
full  of  interest.  In  1842  the  American  Indian 
Mission  Association  was  formed,  and  he  was  made 
secretary,  with  headquarters  at  Louisville,  Ky. 

In  June,  1846,  as  he  was  returning  from  Joffer- 
sonville,  where  ho  had  preached,  he  was  caught  in 
a  rain-storm,  from  the  efiects  of  which  he  died  in  a 
few  days  at  his  home  in  Louisville. 

"  Ilis  life  and  labors  were  truly  the  connecting 
link  between  barbarism  and  civilization  in  this 
region  of  the  country  and  over  a  large  portion  of 
the  AV'^est.  His  perseverance  and  devotion  were 
morally  and  heroically  sublime.  For  nearly  thirty 
years  he  was  the  apostle  to  the  Indians  of  the 
West."  His  last  words  were,  "Tell  the  brethren, 
never  to  let  the  Indian  mission  decline." 

McCoy,  Milton,  M.D.,  was  born  in  Kanawha 
Co.,  West  Va.,  in  -January,  1824.  He  professed  con- 
version, and  joined  the  Hansford  Baptist  church  in 
1847,  being  Ijaptized  into  the  fellowship  of  that 
church  by  Rev.  M.  M.  Rock.  He  commenced  the 
practice  of  medicine  in  1849;  removed  to  Moniteau 
Co.,  Mo.,  in  1853,  and  to  Boonville  in  1863.  He 
was  a  con.stituent  member  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Tipton,  Mo.,  which  was  formed  in  1858, 
and  of  which  he  was  made  a  deacon.  Upon  his 
removal  to  Boonville  he  was  made  a  deacon  there, 
and  has  held  the  office  ever  since.  For  years  he 
has  been  one  of  the  main  pillars  in  the  church. 

McCraw,  Rev.  A.  G.,  a  native  of  Newberry  Dis- 
trict, S.  C,  was  born  .June  4,  1803.  He  is  of  Scotch 
descent.  In  1818,  with  his  father,  he  removed  to 
Alabama,  and  located  in  Perry  County.  An  in- 
dustrious student,  he  pursued  an  extensive  range 
of  historic  reading;  was  baptized  at  Ocmulgee 
church  in  May,  1828,  and  began  at  once  to  preach 
the  gospel;  was  ordained  in  1831,  Rev.  George 
Everett  receiving  ordination  at  the  same  time ; 
these  two  labored  much  togetiior,  mainly  as  evan- 
gelists. They  planted  a  number  of  churches,  had 
many  revivals,  and  baptized  large  numbers  of  con- 
verts ;  in  one  of  their  revivals  200  were  baptized 
in  Shelby  County  in  1832.  In  1835  he  became 
pastor  of  the  large  and  influential  church  at  Oc- 
mulgee,— a  position  which  he  held  for  many  years. 
In  1851  he  became  pastor  in  the  growing  city  of 
Selma,  where  he  led  a  career  of  success  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  Jan.  14,  1861.  Always  in 
easy  circumstances,  Mr.  McCraw  labored  constantly 
in  the  ministry,  an<l  with  but  small  remuneration. 
He  was  prominently  connected  with  the  leading 
interests  of  Alabama  Baptists,  earnestly  pleading 
every  cause  fostered  by  our  State  Convention.  He 
was  several  years  president  of  that  body.  lie 
reared  a  highly  accomplished  family. 

McCraw,  Rev.  N.  F.,  an  active  and  efficient 
minister  of  the  Bayou  Macon  Association,  La.,  was 
born  in  Tennessee  in  1828  ;  did  much  to  strengthen 


the  Baptist  churches  between  the  Mississippi  and 
Ouachita  Rivers.     Died  in  1874. 

McCuUoch,  Rev.  Jno.  V.,  a  pioneer  preacher  in 
Arkansas,  was  born  in  Tennessee  in  1820.  He  set- 
tled in  Dallas  County,  Ark.,  in  1839,  and  shortly 
afterwards  began  to  preach,  though  not  ordained 
until  1851.  Abounding  in  labors  in  the  gospel,  he 
preached  in  all  the  surrounding  country  ;  was  in- 
strumental in  forming  most  of  the  early  churches 
in  the  region  between  the  Ouachita  and  Saline 
Rivers.  He  even  extended  his  labors  into  the  re- 
gion between  the  Bayou  Bartholomew  and  the  Mis- 
sissippi River,  where  he  died  from  malarial  fever 
in  1874.  This  useful  minister  is  affectionately  re- 
membered Ijy  the  people. 

McCully,  Judge  Jonathan,  son  of  Rev.  Samuel 

McCully,  was  born  in  Nappan,  Nova  Scotia,  July 
25,  1809.  He  was  converted  and  baptized  in  1849. 
He  removed  to  Halifax  soon  after,  and  became 
deacon  of  the  North  Baptist  church  in  that  city, 
which  office  he  held  until  his  death,  Jan.  2,  1877. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Nova  Scotia  Legislative 
Council  and  of  the  Senate  of  Canada,  and  judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Nova  Scotia.  He  was  an 
able  lawyer,  statesman,  and  judge.  He  left  be- 
quests to  Acadia  College  and  foreign  missions. 

McCully,  Rev.  Samuel,  was  born  in  Nova 
Scotia.  He  was  converted  under  the  ministry  of 
Rev.  Joseph  Crandall,  and  embracing  Baptist  prin- 
ciples, was  immersed  l)y  him  in  1813.  He  was 
ordained  at  Sackvillo,  Now  Brunswick,  in  1820. 
From  1827  he  was  associated  in  labor  with  Rev. 
Cliarles  Tuppor  at  Amherst,  Nova  Scotia,  but 
preached  frequently  in  Cumberland  and  Westmore- 
land Counties.  Faithful  and  earnest,  firm  yet 
pacific,  his  labors  were  highly  prized. 

McCune,  Hon.  Henry  E.,  deacon  of  the  Baptist 

church  at  Dixon,  Cal.,  ;i  man  of  great  social,  politi- 
cal, and  religious  influence,  an  intelligent  Christian 
and  generous  Baptist.  Through  his  liberality  the 
large  college  property  at  Vacaville,  worth  $20,000, 
was  secured  for  California  (Baptist)  College.  He 
is  president  of  its  board,  and  a  large  contributor  to 
its  funds.  The  Dixon  hou.se  of  worship,  an  elegant 
edifice,  was  erected  by  iiis  aid  as  a  chief  contribu- 
tor. He  was  born  June  10,  1825,  in  Pike  Co.,  Mo. ; 
baptized  in  March,  1840,  and  joined  thePenochurch  ; 
removed  to  California,  and  settled  near  Vacaville,  So- 
lano Co.,  in  1854  ;  went  into  the  organization  of  tiie 
Vacaville  Baptist  church  in  1856  ;  was  ordained  as 
deacon  in  1863.  In  1873  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
senate  of  California,  and  served  two  terms.  Bj'  oc- 
cupation he  is  a  farmer,  and  holds  several  thousan<i 
acres  of  fine  land.  Deacon  ^IcCune  has  been  greatly 
prospered  ;  but  he  iiolds  his  wealth  as  a  trust  for 
the  Lord,  and,  though  he  gives  wisely  and  largely 
for  church  and  denominational  enterprises,  and  is 
loved  and  honored  by  all  who  know  him,  he  is  one 


MCDANIEL 


768 


MCDONALD 


of  the  most  modest  and  unassuming  of  men. 
home  and  heart  and  purse  are  all  for  Christ. 


Hi 


HON.   HENRY   "E.   M  CUNE. 


lUcDaniel,  James,  D.D.,  was  one  of  the  men 
whom  the  Baptists   of  North  Carolina  delighted 


JAMES    M'DANIEL,   D.D. 

to  honor.     He  was  l)orn  near  Faj-etteville,  N.  C, 
in   1803 ;   was   baptized   in    1827,    and   began   to 


preach  the  same  year.  He  was  chiefly  instru- 
mental in  the  organization  of  the  Fayetteville  Bap- 
tist church,  of  which  he  was  pastor  for  thirty-two 
years.  For  six  years  he  was  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  Wilmington,  N.  C,  during  a 
part  of  wliich  time  he  was  also  editor  of  a  religious 
journal. 

Dr.  McDaniel  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Baptist  State  Convention,  being  present  at  its  or- 
ganization in  Greenville,  Pitt  Co.,  in  1830,  and  he  • 
had  the  honor  of  presiding  over  its  deliberations 
for  nineteen  years. '  He  was  a  trustee  of  Wake 
Forest  College  for  many  years,  and  his  zeal  in  the 
cause  of  missions  was  ardent  and  unremitting. 
He  was  clerk  of  Cape  Fear  Association  for  fourteen 
years.  Dr.  McDaniel  possessed  in  a  rare  degree 
the  gifts  and  graces  of  the  orator,  and  many  are  the 
traditions  of  the  pathos  and  power  of  his  preaching 
in  his  younger  days.  At  a  good  old  age,  and  with 
his  natural  force  unabated,  this  eminent  divine 
was  gathered  to  his  fathers  in  1870.  AVake  Forest 
College  conferred  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity 
upon  him  in  1868. 

McDonald,  Rev.   Alexander,   was   born   in 

1814,  in  Scotland.  He  was  converted  at  Margaree, 
Cape  Breton,  and  baptized  by  Rev.  AVm.  Burton. 
He  studied  at  Acadia  College  from  1838  to  1841. 
He  was  ordained  pastor  fn  Prince  Edward  Island. 
He  was  pastor  of  Carleton  Baptist  church,  St. 
John,  New  Brunswick,  from  1846  to  1849.  He  died 
Jan.  27,  1851.  He  was  an  earnest,  faithful,  and 
useful  minister. 

McDonald,  Gov.  Charles  J.,  was  bom  in  Char- 
leston, S.  C,  in  July,  1793.  His  parents  removed 
to  Georgia  during  his  infancy.  In  his  youth  he 
■was  sent  to  a  classical  school  in  Hancock  Co.,  Ga., 
and  was  graduated  at  the  University  of  South  Caro- 
lina during  the  presidency  of  Jonathan  ^laxey.  who 
at  twenty-four  years  of  age  was  president  of  Brown 
University.  Returning  to  Georgia,  young  McDon- 
ald studied  law,  and  even  in  his  early  manhood  took 
rank  with  the  best  lawyers  in  the  State.  In  a  short 
time  he  was  elected  by  tlie  Legislature  to  a  judgeship 
of  the  .Superior  Court.  Though  his  duties  were  con- 
fined to  a  district,  he  acquitted  himself  in  this  office 
so  handsomely  that  lie  became  known  throughout 
the  State  as  one  of  its  ablest  jurists.  Having  pre- 
vious!}' been  a  member  of  the  Legislature,  he  had 
acquired  some  standing  among  politicians,  and  in 
1839  was  elected  governor  of  the  State  by  a  hand- 
some majority.  In  1841  he  was  re-elected  to  the 
same  office,  although  the  State,  at  an  election  held 
for  President  of  the  United  States  only  a  short  time 
previously,  had  given  a  large  majority  to  his  politi- 
cal opponents.  The  fact  shows  that  he  was  a  far 
more  popular  man  with  tiie  people  than  the  party 
with  which  he  was  identified.  Retiring  from  the 
gubernatorial  chair,  and  being  still  in  the  vigor  of 


MCDONALD 


769 


MCDONALD 


his  days,  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law.  But  in 
a  short  time  the  people  called  him  to  be  a  judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  and  he  continued 
in  the  office  until   disabled  by  the  illness   which 


GOV.  CH.\RLES    J.   M  DONALD. 

terminated  in  his  death.  lie  died  at  his  beautiful 
home  in  Marietta,  Ga.,  in  December,  1<S60. 

Perhaps  no  man  was  more  popular  in  his  day 
than  Gov.  McDonald.  Besides  commanding  all  the 
votes  of  his  party  when  a  candidate  for  office  before 
the  people,  he  was  sustained,  from  personal  con- 
siderations, by  many  who  dissented  from  his  politi- 
cal views.  This  was  not  because  he  descended  to 
the  low  expedients  of  the  partisan  in  seeking  sup- 
porters. He  utterly  despised  .all  unworthy  means. 
It  was  his  fine  character  which  commanded  uni- 
versal respect.  His  integrity  was  above  reproach, 
whilst  as  a  politician  he  always  aimed  at  the  gen- 
eral good.  On  one  occasion  during  a  heated  can- 
vass, a  friend  suggested  a  method  by  which  he 
might  gain  a  great  advantage  over  his  opponent. 
"  It  is  not  honorable,"  said  the  governor.  "  What 
of  that  ?  It  will  never  be  known."  "  I  shall  know 
it  myself:  and  a  man  cannot  affiird  to  know  any- 
thing mean  of  himself." 

Tlie  confidence  which  tiie  people  reposed  in  his 
judgment  was  another  source  of  the  support  he  en- 
joyed at  tlieir  hands.  His  mind  was  remarkably 
well-I)alanced.  lie  was  singularly  sagacious  and 
discriminating;  and  had  he  been  connected  as  inti- 
mately with  the  national  as  with  State  polities, 
would  have  left  the  impress  of  his  wisdom  on  tiie 
legislation  of  the  countrv.    Throughout  life  he  was 


a  man  of  the  strictest  probity  and  morality.  It  is 
believed  by  those  who  knew  him  best  that  he  had 
experienced  converting  grace,  and,  though  not  bap- 
tized, he  was  a  decided  Baptist,  and  like  N.icholas 
Brown,  was  closely  identified  with  the  Baptists. 

McDonald,  Rev.  D.  G.,  was  born  Feb.  15.  184:5, 
at  Uigg,  Prince  Kdward  Island,  where  his  conver- 
sion and  baptism  took  place  in  1863.  He  studied 
at  Acadia  College,  and  was  ordained  at  Newport, 
Nova  Scotia,  Jan.  16,  1873.  He  labored  as  a  mis- 
sionary for  some  time  on  Prince  Edward  Island. 
Sul)sequently  he  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Ciiarlottetown,  the  capital  of  that  prov- 
ince, where  his  ministry  proved  highly  lionefieial. 

McDonald,  Henry,   D.D.,   was   born   in    the 

county  of  Antrim,  in  tlit^  nortli  of  Ireland,  Jan.  3, 
1832.  He  was  nurtured  in  the  Roman  Catholic 
Church,  to  which  his  jiarents  and  ancestors  all  be- 
longed. He  was  educated  in  the  national  schools 
of  Ireland,  and  afterwards  passed  through  the  regu- 
lar course  of  the  Normal  School,  Dublin.  In  1848 
he  left  his  native  country  in  consequence  of  the 
failure  of  the  patriots  to  throw  from  them  the  yoke 
of  British  oppression,  and  reached  New  Orleans, 
which  city  he  left,  after  a  few  weeks,  to  visit  Ken- 
tucky. He  taught  school  for  some  time  in  (jireens- 
burg  Co.,  Ky.,  and  afterwards  studied  law  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar.  During  his  residence  in 
(Jreensburg  County  he  made  a  thorough  examina- 
tion of  the  doctrines  of  Roman  Catholicism,  the  re- 
sult of  which,  after  a  severe  mental  struggle,  was 
the  rejection  of  the  whole  system  as  unscriptural. 
Abandoning  his  faith  in  the  church's  dogmas,  he 
was  led  to  a  complete  trust  in  Christ  alone  for  sal- 
vation. In  consequence  of  this  radical  change  in 
his  religious  views  and  feelings,  he  publicly  pro- 
fessed his  faith  in  Christ,  and  united  with  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  Greensburg,  having  been  baptized 
by  the  pastor,  the  Rev.  George  Peck.  He  soon  felt 
it  to  be  his  duty  to  devote  himself  to  the  ministry, 
and  was  accordingly  licensed  by  the  church  and 
subsequently  ordained,  in  May,  18.54.  He  was 
invited  to  the  pastorate  of  the  ciiurch  in  Greens- 
burg, and  served  it  with  great  success  for  nearly 
ten  years.  During  this  period  he  was  also  pastor, 
at  different  times,  of  the  Friendship  and  Camp- 
bellsville  churches,  in  Taylor  County,  and  the 
Mount  Gilead  church,  in  Greene  County.  For  one 
year  he  was  pastor  of  the  Tate's  Creek  and  Waco 
churches  in  Madison  County,  and  for  six  years  of 
the  Danville  church.  He  was  afterwards  pastor 
of  the  church  in  Georgetown,  Ky.,  and  at  the  same 
time  elected  to  a  professorship  of  Theology  in  the 
AVestern  Baptist  Theological  Institute,  from  which 
|)Osition  he  subsequently  retired  to  fill  the  chair  of 
Moral  Philosopiiy  in  the  Georgetown  College,  Ky. 
The  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  was  conferred  upon 
him  by  the  Georgetown  College,  and  the  degree  of 


MGDOUGAL 


no 


MCINTOSH 


D.D.  by  both  the  Georgetown  and  Bethel  Colleges, 
Ky.  Several  years  ago,  Dr.  McDonald  was  invited 
to  the  pastorate  of  the  Second  Baptist  church, 
Richmond,  Va.,  which  he  accepted,  and  where  he 
still  labors  with  eminent  success.  In  1856  he  mar- 
ried, in  Greensl)urg,  Miss  Mattie  Harding,  daughter 
of  the  Hon.  Aaron  Harding,  for  several  successive 
terms  a  repre.sentative  in  Congress  from  Kentucky. 
Dr.  McDonald  is  greatly  gifted  as  a  preacher,  im- 
passioned, eloquent,  and  a  master  of  men's  emotional 
natui-e.  Those  who  know  him  intimately  honor 
him  greatly. 

McDougal,  Rev.  Alexander,  was  born  in  Dub- 
lin, Ireland,  about  1738.  In  his  twenty-first  year 
he  came  to  America  and  settled  in  Wilmington, 
N.  C,  from  which  he  soon  afterwards  removed  to 
Union  District,  S.  C.  He  and  his  wife  were  Pres- 
byterians, but  about  1770  he  became  convinced 
that  he  was  without  Christ.  He  was  deeply  con- 
victed of  sin.  When  he  found  peace  in  Jesus  he 
united  with  a  Baptist  church,  and  soon  began  to 
exhort.  He  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  about 
1775.  This  was  at  the  commencement  of  the  Rev- 
olution. Warmly  espousing  the  cause  of  the  col- 
onies, "he  divided  his  time,  during  the  war,  be- 
tween cultivating  his  farm,  preaching  the  gospel, 
and  fighting  the  Tories."  He  continued  preaching 
in  his  adopted  State  until  about  the  year  1800, 
when  he  removed  to  Kentucky,  and  settled  in 
Hardin  County.  Here,  in  1803,  he  became  pastor 
of  Nolin  church,  and  he  was  also  pastor  of  Severns 
Valley  church.  He  continued  to  serve  these  com- 
munities until  his  ninety-fifth  year,  when  he  re- 
signed. He  died  March  3,  1841,  aged  one  hundred 
and  three  years. 

McDowell,  Archibald,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Ker- 
shaw Co.,  S.  C,  in  1818  ;  Ijecame  a  Christian  early  ; 
graduated  at  Wake  Forest  College  in  1849  ;  was  for 
a  time  tutor  in  that  institution,  then  took  charge 
of  the  new  enterprise  since  known  as  the  Chowan 
Female  Institute,  at  Murfreesborough,  and  after- 
wai'ds  removed  to  iMilton,  where  he  preached  and 
taught.  In  1853-54  he  taught  in  Raleigh,  but  re- 
turned in  1855  to  the  Chowan  Institute,  where  he 
has  been  ever  since,  having  become  president  in 
1862.  He  received  his  degree  of  D.D.  from  Wake 
Forest  College,  of  which  he  has  long  been  a  trustee. 

McFarland,  Rev.  Arthur,  a  pioneer  preacher 
in  North  Louisiana,  was  born  in  Tennessee  in 
1793  ;  removed  to  Louisiana  in  1821,  and  with  his 
father-in-law.  Elder  James  Brinson,  united  with  the 
Pine  Hills  Baptist  church,  the  first  gathered  be- 
tween the  Ouachita  and  Red  Rivers.  Shortly  after 
he  began  to  preach,  and  continued  to  labor  in  the 
region  where  he  resided  until  disabled  by  age.  He 
died  at  Athens,  La.,  Aug.  21,  1878.  He  is  men- 
tioned by  Benedict  as  one  of  his  correspondents  in 
Louisiana. 


McGee,  Rev.  W.  H.,  pastor  at  Minden,  La., 
and  secretary  of  Louisiana  Baptist  Convention, 
was  born  in  Mississippi  in  1846 ;  graduated  at 
Mississippi  College  in  18.76  ;  in  1877  called  to  his 
present  field,  where  his  labors  have  been  greatly 
blessed. 

McGuire,  Rev.  JohnA.,  a  veteran  Baptist  min- 
ister, residing  at  Monroe,  La.,  was  born  in  Ken- 
tucky in  1799 ;  began  to  pi-each  at  the  age  of  sev- 
enteen. He  labored  successfully  in  his  native  State  • 
until  1850,  when  he  settled  permanently  at  Monroe, 
La.,  where  he  gathered  a  few  Baptists  into  a  church 
and  became  their  pastor.  The  circumstances  were 
most  unfavorable,  but  he  labored  with  such  success 
that  a  comfortable  house  was  built,  and  another 
church  gathered  at  Trenton,  on  the  opposite  side 
of  the  river.  He  has  lived  to  witness  a  commo- 
dious brick  edifice  take  the  place  of  the  first  humble 
house  of  worship,  and  two  strong  churches  grown 
up  from  the  seed  ho  sowed. 

MQintosh,  W.  H.,  D.D.,  a  descendant  of  Gen. 
Mcintosh  of  American    Revolutionary  fame,  was 


W.  II.  MCINTOSH,    D.D. 

born  in  Mcintosh  Co.,  Ga..  April  4,  1811.  After 
thorough  preparation  for  college,  he  finished  his 
education  in  Furman  Institution,  S.  C,  under  the 
Rev.  Samuel  Furman  and  Dr.  Jesse  Hartwell. 
Preached  for  some  years  as  voluntary^  missionary, 
under  a  license  from  the  Sunberry  Baptist  church, 
and  was  ordained  by  the  South  Newport  church  in 
1836.  Became  pastor  at  Darien  in  1838,  where  he 
remained  for  eleven  years.  In  1849  he  was  called 
to  the  pastorate  in  Eufaula.  Ala.,  and   remaining 


MOIVEIi 


771 


MCh'INLA  V 


there  six  years,  in  1S5,)  he  accepted  the  call  of  the 
Siloain  church  in  Marion;  and,  after  a  pastorate 
there  of  seventeen  years,  he  was,  in  1872,  called  to 
Macon,  Ga.,  from  which  he  returned  to  Marion, 
Ala.,  in  the  fall  of  1875,  to  assume  the  correspond- 
ing secretar3'ship  of  the  Iloino  Mission  Board  of 
tiie  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  of  whieli  he  was 
president  durini;  his  lon^;  pastorate  in  that  place. 
The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  on 
him  liy  two  institutions  in  1868, — Columbian  Col- 
lege, Washington,  D.  C,  and  Baylor  University, 
Texas.  Dr.  Mcintosh  is  a  man  of  dignified  pres- 
ence, engaging  manners,  and  high  cliaraeter.  There 
is  no  minister  in  our  acquaintance  more  widely 
honored  and  beloved.  Ills  letters  and  discourses 
are  traced  by  a  remarkably  graceful  and  vigorous 
pen  ;  and  rare  tact,  energy,  and  executive  power 
are  displayed  in  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  liis 
responsible  office. 

Mclver,  Hon.  Alex.  M.,  a  native  of  Darlington 
District,  S.  C,  was  horn  on  the  21st  of  Feljriiary, 
1799.  He  graduated  at  the  South  Carolina  College 
in  1817.  He  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  law 
court  in  1820,  and  in  that  of  equity  in  1.S2S.  He 
was  a  member  of  tiie  Legislature  from  1830  to  183,3, 
and  in  1841  was  elected  solicitor  of  tlie  northern 
circuit.  He  was  twice  re-elected,  and  died  in  his 
third  term,  on  the  10th  of  July,  18-50.  His  de- 
scendants are  among  the  most  honoral)le  in  the 
State.  As  a  Christian  and  a  Baptist  he  adorned 
his  profession, '"  walking  in  all  the  statutes  and  or- 
dinances of  the  Lord  l)hameless." 

Mclver,  Rev.  D.  R.  W.,  was  born  in  Charles- 
ton, S.  C,  in  1794 ;  was  educated  at  the  University 
of  South  Carolina.  Being  a  man  of  large  property 
his  early  labors  were  devoted  to  the  poor,  preaching 
on  the  plantations  to  the  slaves.  He  filled  a  suc- 
cessful pastorate  at  Prattville  and  Wetumpka,  Ala. 
In  1856  he  removed  to  De  Soto  Parish,  La.  Here 
he  labored  with  great  success  until  1862.  He  died 
Feb.  10,  1863. 

McKay,  Rev.  Uriah,  was  bom  in  the  State  of 

Indiana  in  1821.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  was 
baptized.  He  went  to  Franklin  College  to  obtain 
a  better  education,  to  prepare  for  usefulness  in  the 
world  without  having  the  ministry  in  view  ;  spent 
some  time  preaching  and  teaching  in  Indiana.  He 
went  to  Illinois  in  1854,  and  was  ordained  the  next 
year.  He  spent  fourteen  years  in  Kffinghara  Co., 
111.,  preaching  most  of  the  time  for  but  little  com- 
pensation, lie  came  to  Iowa  in  1868,  and  is  now 
living  on  a  farm  at  Elm  Grove,  near  Des  Moines. 
He  has  been  employed  chiefly  since  coming  to  Iowa 
in  preaching  to  feeble  churches  in  destitute  fields, 
doing  good  service  for  the  cause  of  Christ  by  his 
earnest  labors,  his  consistent  and  cheerful  Cliris- 
tian  life,  and  hearty  co-operation  in  all  denomina- 
tional works.     lie  represents  a  class  of  men  in  the 


ministry  found  in  Iowa  who,  while  supporting 
themselves  by  the  ialiors  of  tiuiir  own  hands,  have 
contributed  largely  to  the  growth  and  prosperity 
of  the  denomination. 

McKenzie,  Rev.  Lavid  Banks,  was  born  in 

Liverpool,  England,  June  26,  1836,  and  came  to 
America,  arriving  at  Boston  April  15,  1848.  In 
1853  he  became  tlu;  subject  of  religious  impressions, 
and  was  immersed  by  llev.  JNIr.  Pierce,  at  Glouces- 
ter, Mass.  He  had  a  natural  love  for  the  ocean, 
followed  the  sea  in  early  youth,  and  during  the 
civil  war  in  the  United  States  entered  the  navy,  and 
was  three  times  promoted  for  meritorious  service. 
For  many  years,  though  ho  had  professed  Christi- 
anity, he  lived  in  sin,  gave  himself  to  the  world, 
was  very  intemperate,  and  apparently  a  moral 
wreck,  until,  in  December,  1871,  he  was  rescued  by 
sovereign  grace,  and  gave  himself  fully  to  the  Sa- 
viour. He  began  his  real  religious  life  as  a  temper- 
ance preacher,  and  had  immense  success  in  New 
England,  where  thousands  were  reclaimed.  He 
enlisted  benevolent  persons  in  the  work,  and  built 
reformatories  in  many  places.  In  1877  he  extended 
his  mission  to  California,  and  in  April,  1880,  after 
two  years'  absence,  returned  to  that  State  to  labor 
f)ermanently  in  the  gospel,  as  temperance  reformer 
and  pastor.  He  possesses  unusual  gifts  for  per- 
suading men  to  forsake  their  evil  ways,  and  in  all 
placesstirs  the  people  to  active  and  earnest  work  to 
save  the  fallen  and  rescue  the  perishing  from  tem- 
poral and  eternal  ruin. 

McKenzie,  Wiiliam  S.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Liv- 
erpool, Nova  Scotia,  Feb.  29,  1832.  lie  was  a  grad- 
uate of  Harvard  University  in  the  class  of  1855. 
He  was  ordained  in  April,  1857,  and  was  pastor  of 
the  church  in  Abington,  Mass.,  one  year,  and  of 
the  church  in  Andover,  Mass.,  for  two  years.  For 
six  years  he  was  pastor  of  the  Friendship  Street 
chureh  in  Providence,  11.  I.,  and  was  pastor  in  St. 
John,  New  Brunswick,  also  six  years.  In  1872 
he  received  an  appointment  as  district  secretary  of 
the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union,  which 
position  he  now  holds. 

McKinlay,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Alexandria, 
Dumbartonshire,  Scotland,  March  6,  1831.  He 
came  to  this  country  in  1855,  and  was  employed  as 
a  designer  in  the  Pacific  Mills,  Lawrence,  Mass. 
While  thus  occupied  he  became  a  subject  of  con- 
verting grace,  and  feeling  it  to  be  his  duty  to  preach 
the  gospel,  he  pursued  his  studies  at  Fairfax,  Vt.. 
and  at  Andover,  Mass.  Ho  was  ordained  pastor  of 
the  church  in  Lebanon,  N.  II.,  in  November,  1862. 
where  he  labored  with  great  acceptance  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  Sept.  20.  1868. 

"  He  was  a  close  and  diligent  student  of  the 
Scriptures,  always  bringing  well-beaten  oil  to  the 
sanctuary.  Every  sermon  bore  the  stamp  of  his 
own  genius.     He  could  not  be  a  servile  copyist. 


MCLAFFERTY 


7T2 


.    M<^LEOD 


lie  was  always  John  ^IcKinlay,  and  Scotch  at  that. 
He  had  the  Scotch  acumen  to  detect  the  truth,  the 
Scotch  tenacity  to  hold  it,  the  Scotch  wit  to  garnish 
it  in  impressive  style,  and  he  had  withal  the  Scotch 
energy  and  accent  of  speech  to  apply  it." 

McLafferty,  Rev.  B.  S.,  educated  for  the  law, 
•dedicated  himself  to  the  ministry,  and  was  pas- 
tor in  Illinois.  Under  appointment  of  the  Home 
Mission  Society  he  went  to  the  Pacific  coast  in 
1864-65  ;  was  pastor  at  Virginia  City,  and  preached 
at  Carson,  the  capital  of  Nevada,  until  ill  health 
forced  him  to  settle  in  the  better  climate  of  Peta- 
luma,  Cal.  He  had  great  success  here  as  pastor; 
sought  to  establish  a  Baptist  institution  at  Peta- 
luraa ;  traveled  for  a  time,  and  did  much  to  enlist 
the  churches  in  education  and  in  missionary  work. 
He  is  a  busy  worker  and  a  vigorous  preacher. 
Continued  ill  health  led  hiin  after  brief  pastor- 
ates to  take  an  ocean  voyage  to  China,  where  he 
visited  missionaries  and  mission  stations.  After 
his  return  he  was  pastoral  supply  of  the  First  Bap- 
tist church,  San  Francisco,  for  a  time  pastor  at  San 
Diego,  and  afterwards  at  Oakland  for  several  years, 
until  near  the  close  of  1878.  The  Oakland  church 
had  large  accessions  during  his  ministry.  In  1879 
he  visited  the  .Atlantic  States,  and  on  his  return 
made  the  tour  of  Oregon,  preaching  to  the  churches 
and  assisting  in  revival  meetings.  The  church  at 
Eugene,  the  southernmost  city  in  Oregon,  and  seat 
of  the  State  University,  called  him  to  its  pastorate 
in  June,  1879. 

McLean,  Rev.  Thomas  George,  was  born  May 

18,  1843,  of  Presbyterian  parents,  at  Montreal, 
Canada ;  spent  his  youth  at  Chicago  and  Wauke- 
gan.  111.  He  was  converted  at  fifteen,  and  after  six 
years'  struggle  with  doubts  as  to  Presbyterianism, 
finally  yielded  to  his  convictions,  was  immersed  by 
Dr.  Everts,  joined  the  First  qhurch  of  Chicago  in 
1864,  and  enlisted  in  the  U.  S.  army  ;  decided  on  his 
return  home  to  enlist  in  the  ministry  ;  graduated 
in  1869  at  the  Chicago  Theological  Seminary,  and 
during  his  studies  had  charge  of  the  Erie  Street 
Mission,  and  preached  at  Englewood.  lie  settled 
and  was  ordained  pastor  at  Cordova,  111.,  in  1870. 
After  three  years'  service  at  Cordova,  with  health 
impaired,  he  removed  to  California  ;  was  five  years 
pastor  at  Brooklyn  ;  and  in  1878  became  mission- 
ary and  pastor  in  Santa  Barbara  Countj',  where  he 
has  the  oversight  of  the  Carpenteria  and  Santa 
Paula  churches  ;  preaches  at  four  stations,  labors 
in  revivals,  and  is  moderator  of  Santa  Barbara  As- 
sociation. 

McLearn,  Rev.  Richard,  was  bom  in  Rawdon, 

Nova  Scotia  ;  was  converted  and  baptized  when  a 
voutli ;  ordained  March  10,  1828,  as  pastor  of  the 
Rawdon  Ba]itist  church  ;  subsequently  served  the 
church  in  Windsor,  Nova  Scotia,  as  pastor  for  twelve 
jears,  when    bronchial  -disease  compelled   him  to 


withdraw  from  the  pulpit,  but  his  integrity,  piety, 
and  prudence  continued  to  serve  the  church  of 
Christ  until  called  hence,  Aug.  17,  1860. 

McLeod,  Sir  Donald  F.,  Companion  of  the 
Bath,  and  Knight  Commander  of  the  Star  of 
India,  was  born  in  Fort  "William,  Calcutta,  May 
6,  1810;  his  family  were  Scotch,  and  to  their  coun- 
try he  was  sent  for  his  education.  At  eighteen  he. 
returned  to  India,  and  some  time  after  he  was  ap- 
pointed an  assistant  magistrate. 

When  about  twenty-one,  while  stationed  at 
Monghir,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Ganges,  midway 
between  Calcutta  and  Allahabad,  the  Redeemer 
found  and  saved  him,  gave  him  a  new  heart  and 
character,  and  fresh  aims  and  motives.  The  in- 
strument used  in  this  work  was  Rev.  A.  Leslie,  a 
devoted  Baptist  missionary.  Speaking  of  this 
change  just  after  it  occurred.  Sir  Donald  says,  "  I 
have  attained  a  confidence  and  trantiuillity  in  re- 
gard to  my  worldly  duties  from  which  the  weak- 
ness of  my  character  formerly  debarred  me,  and  I 
have  now  been  freed  from  despondency  and  gloom- 
iness of  spirits,  to  which  for  the  five  previous  years 
I  was  continually  a  martyr."  And  on  another  oc- 
casion, speaking  of  prayer,  he  says,  '"  I  resort  to  it 
in  the  morning,  not  only  as  the  most  delightful  but 
as  the  most  necessary  act  of  the  day,  for  without  it 
I  should  have  no  peace,  no  power,  and  during  the 
remainder  of  the  day,  whatever  of  difliculty  or  an- 
noyance presents  itself,  my  mind  flies  up  to  its 
Creator  and  is  at  rest."  After  obtaining  mercy 
through  the  blood  of  the  Lamb,  he  solicited  bap- 
tism. Mr.  Leslie  warned  him  of  the  contempt 
which  would  meet  him  from  the  circle  in  which  he 
moved,  but  he  was  ready- to  follow  Christ  in  the 
baptismal  waters  regardless  of  all  consequences, 
and  he  yras  duly  immersed  in  the  name  of  the 
adorable  Trinity,  and  he  continued  to  the  close  of 
his  life  in  communion  with  the  Baptist  denomina- 
tion. 

Sir  Donald  immediately  after  his  conversion  be- 
gan to  plan  for  the  secular  and  religious  enlight- 
enment of  the  people  among  whom  he  lived,  whose 
heathenism  deeply  moved  his  heart.  He  gave  large 
sums  of  money  to  assist  educational  efforts  and 
benevolent  movements,  and  his  whole  soul  was  en- 
listed in  tiie  work  of  the  missionaries.  Rev.  Behari 
Lai  Sing,  for  many  years  a  missionary  of  the  Free 
Church  of  Scotland  among  his  countrymen  in  In- 
dia, in  relating  his  conversion  from  heathenism, 
tells  about  his  education  in  Dr.  Duff's  celebrated 
school,  where  he  read  the  Bible,  and  in  a  medical 
institution,  without  any  inclination  to  Christianity, 
and  then  says,  "It  was  the  pious  example  of  Sir 
Donald  F.  McLeod.  his  integrity,  honesty,  disinter- 
estedness, and  active  benevolence,  that  made  me 
think  that  Ciiristianity  was  something  living,  that 
there  was  a  loving  power  in  Christ.     Here  is  a  man 


MOM  ASTER 


773 


MCMINNVILLE 


in  the  receipt  of  2()()U  or  3000  rupees  a  month  ;  lie 
spends  little  on  liiinself  und  gives  away  the  surplus 
for  education  and  for  the  temporal  and  spiritual 
welfare  of  my  countrymen.  This  was  the  turning- 
point  in  my  religious  history,  and  led  to  my  con- 
version." 

Sir  Donald  was  specially  interested  in  missions 
to  some  of  the  aboriginal  races  of  India,  to  he 
found  in  large  numbers  in  the  hilly  regions.  These 
being  neither  Hindoos  nor  Mohammedans,  are  held 
in  contempt  by  both,  and  as  they  have  neither  lit- 
erature nor  a  priestliood,  they  are  far  more  acces- 
si})le  to  the  gospel.  Among  them  he  sustained 
missionaries  at  his  own  expense,  and  though  death 
hindered  the  work,  yet  many  of  them  have  been 
brought  to  Jesus. 

In  his  official  career  his  fidelity  and  talents  grad- 
ually secured  his  promotion  in  the  civil  service, 
until  he  became  lieutenant-governor  of  the  Pun- 
jab; and  in  the  alarming  times  of  the  mutiny, 
when  ])utchery  and  terror  made  the  bravest  British 
hearts  in  India  tremble,  McLeod,  like  his  Baptist 
brother,  Ilavelock,  felt  courageous  in  the  Lord  his 
God,  and  rendered  services  to  his  country  which 
will  never  be  forgotten  by  natives  or  Britons  while 
the  history  of  English  rule  in  India  is  read  ;  for 
these  he  was  made  a  Companion  of  the  Bath  and  a 
Knight  Commander  of  the  Star  of  India. 

He  died  in  London,  Nov.  28,  1872,  full  of  the 
peace  of  God. 

McMaster,  Hon.  Senator  William,  was  born 
in  1811,  in  the  county  of  Tyrone,  Ireland,  and  came 
to  Canada  at  the  age  of  twenty-two.  After  a  short 
clerkship  in  a  leading  Toronto  establishment,  he 
became  a  partner  in  the  business,  and  ultimately 
started  for  himself  as  a  wholesale  merchant.  The 
career  thus  commenced  has  been  eminently  success- 
ful, and  to-day  Mr.  McMaster's  name  is  almost  a 
household  word  in  the  Dominion,  as  one  of  its 
greatest  merchants  and  b.ankers.  For  many  years 
past  he  has  given  his  attention  to  purely  financial, 
far  more  than  to  commercial,  transiictions.  He  is 
officially  connected  with  several  great  monetary  in- 
stitutions, the  most  imjjortant  of  which  is  the 
Canadian  Bank  of  Commerce.  He  has  held  the  [ 
presidency  of  this  corporation  during  a  period  of 
twenty  years,  and  its  splendid  success  is  largely  j 
due  to  his  sagacity  and  prudence.  lie  Was  also, 
for  many  years,  chairman  of  the  Canadian  board 
of  directors  of  the  Great  Western  Railway. 

In  1862,  at  the  solicitation  of  friends,  Mr.  Mc-  I 
Master  reluctantly  consented  to  enter  political  life, 
and  was  elected  a  member  of  the  upper  house  of  the 
Canadian  Legislature  by  an  overwhelming  Liberal 
majority.  Immediately  after  the  con  fi'deratioii  of  the 
British  American  provinces,  in  1865,  he  was  chosen 
Senator  of  the  Dominion,  and  in  that  capacity  he 
still  continues  to  serve  his  country.     He  was  ap- 


j)ninted  a  meml)er  in  the  same  year  of  the  council 
of  public  instruction,  and  in  1873  of  the  senate 
of  Toronto  University. 

Mr.  McMaster  was  converted  in  early  life,  and 


HON.  SENATOR    WII.MAM    m'MASTER. 

united  with  the  Baptist  church  in  Omagh,  about 
forty  miles  from  Belfast,  in  his  native  land.  To 
the  denomination  in  Canada  he  is  a  tower  of  much 
strength.  His  generous  aid  secured  the  erection 
and  re-erection  of  the  Canadian  Literary  Institute 
at  Woodstock ;  and  he  was  ciiiefly  instrumental 
in  the  formation  of  the  Superannuated  Ministers' 
Society,  of  which,  from  its  inception,  he  has  been 
the  honored  president.  Of  home  and  foreign  mis- 
sions he  is  a  steadfast  friend  ;  and  to  many  a  feeble 
church,  struggling  with  a  building  debt,  he  has 
rendered  timely  help.  A  leading  Toronto  paper 
remarks  that  "  the  Jarvis  Street  Baptist  church  (in 
which  he  worships)  is  one  of  the  costliest  and  hand- 
somest in  the  city,  and  will  as  long  as  it  stands  re- 
main a  memorial  of  his  liberality,  and  of  that  of 
the  equally  liberal-minded  lady  who  has,  since 
1871,  been  his  wife."  But  the  crowning  achieve- 
ment of  his  well-spent  life  is  the  erection,  at  his 
own  cost,  of  the  Toronto  Baptist  College,  which  oc- 
cupies a  beautiful  site  in  the  Queen's  Park. 

Mr.  McMaster  has  reached  the  age  of  threescore 
years  and  ten,  but  "his  eye  is  not  dim,  nor  his 
natural  force  abated."  He  has  been  twice  married, 
his  jiresent  wife  being  Sarah  Moulton,  widow  of 
the  late  James  Fraser,  Esq.,  of  Newburgh,  in  the 
State  of  New  York. 

McMinnville  College  is  centrally  located  for 


MCPHERSON 


774 


.  ME  AC  HAM 


'the  Baptists  of  Oregon,  :it  McJIinnville.  Chartered 
in  1852,  with  Rev.  G.  C.  Chandler  as  president,  in 
spite  of  many  chapges  it  has  contfuued  to  gain 
strength,  and  now  is  enlisting  the  hearty  support  of 
all  the  churches.  It  has  already  educated  some  of 
the  most  useful  men  and  women  in  the  State.  It  has 
a  modest  building,  a  college  campus  of  five  acres, 
$15,000  in  endowment,  funds,  and  nearly  820,000 
already  secured  for  the  erection  of  a  brick  building. 
It  has  four  professors,  and  last  year  there  were  100 
students.  Rev.  G.  J.  Burchett,  the  president,  is 
one  of  the  best  educators  on  the  Pacific  coast.  He 
has  the  confidence  of  the  churches,  and  under  his 
administration  the  college  is  doing  good  work  for 
the  denomination. 

McPherson,    Hon.   William,    was    born   in 
Boone  Co.,  Ky.,  Feb.  15,  1813.     His  father  died 


no's.  W1LLI.\M    iM  PHERSON. 

■when  he  was  a  boy,  and  left  him  to  care  for  his 
mother  and  her  little  children.  While  he  met  this 
responsibility  nobly,  at  the  same  time  he  obtained 
a  good  education.  In  connection  with  school-teach- 
ing he  studied  law,  and  mastering  all  difiiculties, 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
one.  He  first  practised  law  in  Burlington,  Ky., 
aud  from  it  he  removed  to  Helena,  Ark.,  in  1836, 
and  was  successful.  From  Arkansas  he  removed 
to  St.  Louis,  AIo.,  and  remained  there  till  his  death, 
in  1872.  Mr.  ISIcPherson  was  a  man  of  command- 
ing presence  and  strong  common  sense.  He  took 
a  prominent  place  among  men  by  general  consent. 
He  was  a  man  of  vast  information.  He  had  one 
of  the  finest  private  libraries  in  the  West.     He  was 


noted  for  his  quick  penetration  and  well-considered 
plans.  He  had  great  magnetic  power  to  sway  men, 
of-  which  he  seemed  to  be  unconscious. 

He  was  a  decided  Baptist.  On  -Jan.  8,  1843,  he 
was  baptized  by  Rev.  J.  T.  Ilinton,  and  united  with 
the  Second  Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis.  He  was  an 
unconscious  leader  in  Zion.  His  gifts  to  his  church 
were  large.  He  inaugurated  the  building  of  the 
house  of  worship  at  the  corner  of  Sixth  and  Locust 
Streets,  and  gave  to  it  over  .$6000.  He  held  official 
positions  in  our  State  and  national  denominational 
societies. 

The  great  bi'idge  across  the  Mississippi  at  St. 
Louis  was  built  by  capital  which  he  secured  in 
New  York,  which  was  necessary  to  its  success,  and 
he  was  president  of  the  company.  The  first  rail- 
road to  St.  Louis  was  established  by  his  aid.  He 
was  president  of  the  North  Missouri  Railroad,  and 
was  a  prominent  mover  in  the  establishment  of  the 
Bellefontaine  Cemetery.  His  labors  for  the  growth 
of  the_  city  of  St.  Louis  were  not  surpassed,  if 
equaled,  by  any  other  man.  His  will  to  accom- 
plish great  things,  through  difficulties,  was  im- 
perial. 

After  a  long  illness,  he  came  to  church  for  the 
last  time  borne  in  a  chair.  Strong  men  wept  as 
he  came  in.  Dr.  G.  Anderson,  his  former  pastor, 
preached.  Dr.  Burlingham,  pastor  at  the  time, 
said,  "We  fear  this  is  too  much  for  you."  He  an- 
swered, "I  was  determined  to  come."  Just  before 
he  died,  he  replied  to  a  question  in  reference  to  his 
future  hope,  "  I  think  I  stand  on  granite."  These 
words  are  inscribed  on  his  tombstone.  There  the 
brave  man  reposes.     "  Peaceful  be  his  rest !" 

McWhorter,  A.  B.,  M.D.,  a  native  of  Sumter- 
ville,  S.  C,  was  born  Jan.  26,  1701  ;  departed  this 
life  Sept. ,19,  1859;  resided  in  Jlont^omery.  Ala., 
from  1830  to  his  death,  and  constantly  secured  in 
that  city  the  universal  regard  of  the  people.  It  is 
conceded  that  the  Baptist  cause  at  the  capital  of 
our  State  is  more  indebted  to  him  for  the  strong 
position  which  it  has  sustained  for  forty  years 
than  to  any  other  person  now  living  or  dead. 
This  is  the  testimony  of  Dr.  Tichcnor,  who  was 
his  pastor  for  many  years.  He  was  conscientioush' 
particular  to  meet  all  his  obligations,  and  a  more 
hospitablfe  home  was  never  kept  in  that  citj'of  rare 
hospitality.  Liberal  with  his  money,  generous  to 
the  poor,  kindly  affectionate  to  all  men,  wise  in 
counsel,  and  watchful  of  the  interests  of  the  church 
and  of  the  pastor,  it  is  but  just  to  say  that  he  was 
a  Christian  prince  among  his  brethren. 

Meacham,  Rev.  A.  W.,  an  able  and  eminently 
successful  minister  of  Little  River  Association,  Ky., 
was  born  in  Christian  Co..  Ky.,  Feb.  13,  1818.  He 
was  baptized  into  the  fellowsiiip  of  Pleasant  Hill 
Baptist  church  in  1838,  where  he  was  licensed  to 
preach  in  May,  1839,  and  ordained  in  December 


ME  AC  HUM 


775 


MED  BURY 


of  the  same  year.  A  few  months  after  his  ordina- 
tion he  accepted  a  call  to  the  church  at  I'adiicah, 
Ky.  From  Paducah  he  removed  to  Middle  Ten- 
nessee, where  he  spetit  some  years  in  evangelizing. 
In  1844  he  took  charge  of  the  chureli  at  Shelbyville, 
Tenn.  Wliile  laboring  with  it  and  with  several 
other  churches  lu;  was  attacked  with  liemorrhage 
of  tlie  lungs,  and  was  so  prostrated  that  he  de- 
spaired of  life,  and  returned  to  his  native  home, 
expecting  to  die.  In  1854,  having  partially  re- 
covered, he  was  called  to  the  care  of  West  Union 
church,  in  his  native  county,  to  wiiich  he  still  min- 
isters. He  has  aided  in  the  constitution  of  25 
churches,  and  has  baptized  400U  persons,  20  of 
whom  are  known  to  have  entered  the  ministry. 
While  he  was  in  Tennessee  he  was  two  years  mod- 
erator of  Salem  Association  and  twice  moderator 
of  the  General  Association.  Since  his  return  to 
Kentucky  he  has  been  seventeen  years  moderator 
of  Little  River  ^Vssoeiatioii. 

Meachum,  Rev.  John  Berry,  was  born  May  3, 
1789;  died  Feb.  19,  1864.  lie  was  pastor  of  the 
First  African  Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis.  A  mar- 
ble monument  marks  his  grave  in  the  Baptist  burial- 
ground  in  Bellefontaine  cemetery,  erected  by  the 
First  and  Second  African  churches  of  St.  Louis. 
lie  took  charge  of  the  First  Colored  church  in 
1828 ;  was  twenty-five  years  its  pastor.  He  was 
born  a  slave;  bought  his  own  freedom,  then  his 
father's,  a  Baptist  minister  in  Virginia.  He  lived 
in  Kentucky,  and  married  a  slave-woman.  He 
worked  at  the  carpenter's  trade,  and  jiurchased  the 
freedom  of  his  wife  and  children.  He  came  to 
Missouri  in  1815.  He  built  a  steamboat  in  1835, 
and  furnished  it  with  a  library,  and  made  a  tem- 
perance boat  of  it.  He  was  worth  .S25.000  when 
he  died.  He  was  ordained  in  1825,  gathered  a 
large  church  and  Sabbath-school,  and  a  deep  re- 
ligious and  missionary  spirit  pervaded  his  church. 
He  died  in  his  pulpit,  with  armor  on. 

M eador,  Rev,  Christian  C,  was  born  in  Bed- 
ford Co.,  Va.,  receiving  an  elementarj'  education 
in  the  common  schools  of  the  neighl)orliood.  He 
was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  New  Hope 
Baptist  church,  then  under  the  care  of  the  Rev. 
James  Leftwich.  in  1S44.  At  this  time  he  was 
farming,  and  regarded  it  as  his  life-work.  Being 
actively  engaged  in  the  prayer-meetings  and  Sun- 
day-school work  of  the  church,  he  felt  it  to  be  a 
duty  to  prepare  himself  to  enter  into  the  Christian 
ministry.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Mount 
Hermon  church  in  1849,  and  in  1850  went  to  the 
school  at  Botetourt  Springs,  where  he  remained  for 
about  fifteen  months.  He  then  returned  to  his  home, 
and  taught  school  for  nearly  a  year,  frequently 
preaching  in  destitute  neighborhoods.  In  1853  he 
entered  the  Columbian  College,  and  graduated  in 
1857.    In  1856,  still  a  student,  he  started  a  Sunday- 


school  in  South  Washington,  wiiich  was  quite  suc- 
cessful, and  a  church  was  organized  in  1857,  of 
which  he  became  the  pastor,  and  which  he  still 
serves.  Mr.  Meador  has  been  greatly  blessed  in 
his  labors,  nearly  500  persons  having  been  added 
to  the  church  through  his  instrumentality.  His 
pastoral  labors  are  quite  onerous,  frequently  being 
called  upon  by  members  of  other  denominations  in 
the  neighborhood  to  visit  their  sick  and  bury  their 
dead.  Twenty-two  years  of  continuous  toil  among 
the  same  people  have  given  him  a  strong  liold  upon 
their  affections.  Columbian  College  conferred  upon 
him  in  I St)0  the  degre(!  of  A.M.  in  course. 

Medbury,  Rev.  Arnold  Rhodes,  missionary 
secretary  of  the  Wisconsin  Baptist  State  Conven- 
tion, is  a  native  of  Seekonk,  II.  I.,  where  he  was 
born  Dec.  10,  1837.  His  childhood  was  spent  on  a 
farm  in  his  native  town.  When  seven  years  old  he 
suffered  an  irreparable  loss  in  the  death  of  his 
mother,  who  was  a  devoted  Christian.  He  ob- 
tained a  hope  in  Christ  in  1855,  and  united  with 
the  Third  Baptist  church  in  Providence,  R.  I.,  of 
which  Rev.  Jas.  B.  Simmons  was  pastor,  and  by 
whom  he  was  baptized.  Very  early  in  his  Chris- 
tian experience  he  had  strong  impressions  that  it 
was  his  duty  to  )ireach  the  gospel,  and  began  prep- 
ai-ation  for  the  work.  But  in  this  purpose  he  met 
with  many  hindrances,  having  to  depend  upon  his 
own  resources  to  obtain  means  to  secure  an  educa- 
tion. After  a  two  years'  struggle,  with  but  little 
progress,  he  determineil  to  join  two  older  brothers 
in  California,  fioping  the  more  speedily  to  obtain 
the  means  to  educate  himself.  At  the  end  of  six 
years  of  varied  experiences  of  success  and  defeat, 
he  found  himself  deeply  in  debt,  and  apparently 
farther  than  ever  from  realizing  his  cherished  plan 
for  study.  At  this  time  the  Baptist  church  of 
Sonora,  Cal.,  to  which  he  had  removed  his  ciiurch 
membership  from  Rhode  Island,  licensed  him  to 
preach  tlie  gospel,  and  invited  him  to  do  such  pas- 
toral work  as  he  could  without  ordination.  This 
experience  only  deepened  his  conviction  of  his  need 
of  more  thorough  preparation  for  the  Christian 
ministry,  and  he  gladly  availed  iiimself  of  an  offer 
of  pursuing  a  private  course  of  study,  under  the 
direction  of  Rev.  D.  B.  Cheeney,  D.D.,  pastor  of 
the  First  Baptist  church  in  San  Francisco.  This 
arrangement  having  been  suspended,  owing  to  Dr. 
Cheeney's  extended  visit  in  the  East,  he  entered 
the  University  of  the  Pacific,  completing  about 
two-thirds  of  its  prescribed  course  of  study.  Leav- 
ing the  university  to  engage  in  mission  work  in 
Petaluma,  he  found  himself  again,  in  the  autumn 
of  1865,  under  the  private  instruction  of  Dr. 
Cheeney,  and  performing  pastoral  work  for  the 
Third  Baptist  church  of  San  Francisco.  He  was 
ordained  by  a  council  convened  at  the  call  of  tlie 
First  Baptist   church,    San    Francisco,  in    March, 


MEDLEY 


776 


MEEK 


1867.  In  the  autumn  of  the  same  year  he  entered 
the  theological  seminary  at  Newton,  Mass.,  and 
graduated  in  the  class  of  1870.  Refeeiving  the  call 
(which  he  accepted)  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
San  Francisco,  he  returned  again  to  California  to 
enter  this  new  field  of  labor.  In  1872,  Mr.  Med- 
bury  became  the  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Portland,  Oregon.  His  pastorate  here  was  in 
every  way  successful,  the  church  was  greatly 
strengthened,  and  reached  a  highly  influential 
position  in  the  city  through  his  ministrations. 
From  this  charge  Mr.  Medbury  was  called  to  the 
Grand  Avenue  Baptist  church,  Milwaukee.  After 
five  years  of  successful  pastoral  labor  with  this 
church  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  State  Street  Bap- 
tist church,  Rockford,  111.,  and  entered  upon  his 
labors  there. 

When  Mr.  Medbury  came  to  Wisconsin,  in  1874,  he 
was  almost  immediately  made  corresponding  secre- 
tary of  the  AViscDnsin  Baptist  State  Convention,  and 
secretary  of  the  board  and  its  Executive  Committee, 
for  which  position  he  had  unusual  qualifications. 
During  his  entire  pastorate'at  Gi'and  Avenue  Bap- 
tist church  he  devoted  much  time  to  this  important 
missionary  work.  It  is  owing  largely  to  his  influ- 
ence that  the  State  Convention  reached  its  high 
degree  of  prosperity  and  -accomplished  so  much 
successful  missionary  work.  He  gave  such  value 
and  character  to  the  annual  reports  of  the  Conven- 
tion, especially  in  its  statistical  tables,  conveying 
such  exact  information  on  all  Baptist  matters  in 
the  State,  as  to  awaken  a  wide-spread  interest  not 
only  in  the  State  but  in  neighboring  States.  While 
pastor  at  Rockford,  111.,  the  board  of  the  Wisconsin 
Baptist  State  Convention  extended  to  him  an  ur- 
gent invitation  to  take  charge  of  its  mission  work 
in  the  State  as  missionary  superintendent  and  secre- 
tary. He  has  accepted  the  position,  and  entered  in 
Septeml)er,  1880,  upon  its  duties. 

Mr.  Medbury  is  a  man  of  fine  native  powers,  and 
thorough  attainments  in  literary  and  theological 
learning.  He  is  a  vigorous  thinker  and  an  earnest 
preacher  of  the  gospel.  He  has  qualifications  that 
fit  him  pre-eminently  for  the  position  he  now  fills. 
He  brings  to  it  the  best  of  executive  and  organ- 
izing powers,  and  a  supreme  love  for  the  work,  com- 
bined with  an  unquestioned  consecration  to  Christ 
and  his  cause  on  earth. 

Medley,  Rev.  Samuel,  was  born  at  Cheshurst, 
England,  June  23,  1733.  In  his  seventeenth  year 
he  entered  the  British  navy  as  a  midshipman.  He 
was  full  of  mirth  and  frolic,  and  as  a  consequence 
he  was  a  great  favorite  with  his  ungodly  associates. 
He  was  wounded  in  an  action  with  the  French 
when  on  service  in  the  Mediterranean,  and  the  op- 
portunities he  had  for  serious  reflection  during  his 
enforced  leisure  were  of  lasting  benefit  to  his  soul. 
Some  time  afterwards  he  was  led  to  put  his  trust  in 


Jesus,  and  he  united  by  baptism  with  the  church 
of  Dr.  Andrew  Gifi"ord,  in  London. 
-  His  first  settlement  in  the  ministry  was  at  Wat- 
ford, where  he  was  ordained  in  July,  1768.  In 
April,  1772,  he  removed  to  Liverpool,  and  in  it  he 
labored  till  his  death,  in  1799.  When  Mr.  Medley 
entered  upon  his  pastoral  duties  at  Liverpool  the 
church  was  small,  but  under  his  efficient  ministry 
it  prospered  greatly,  and  the  house  was  soon  en- 
larged. INIr.  Medley  was  for  some  years  one  of  the  • 
most  influential  ministers  in  Liverpool,  or  in  the 
north  of  England.  He  was  greatly  beloved  by  the 
whole  denomination,  and  by  large  numbers  outside 
the  community  whose  denominational  name  he 
bore  and  whose  principles  he  ardently  loved.  He 
enjoyed  great  faith,  and  much  of  the  presence  of 
his  Redeemer.  His  last  words  were,  "  Dying  is 
sweet  work,  sweet  work,  my  Father !  my  heavenly 
Father !  I  am  looking  up  to  my  dear  Jesus,  my 
God,  my  portion,  my  all  in  all,  glory  !  glory  !  home  ! 
home!"  He  was  the  author  of  two  works,  and  of 
some  precious  hymns,  one  of  which  is  familiar 
wherever  the  English  language  is  spoken : 

"Awake,  my  soul,  in  joj'ful  lays, 
And  sing  thy  great  Redeemer's  praise ; 
He  justly  claims  a  song  from  me ; 
His  loving  kindness,  oh,  how  freel" 

Meech,  Rev.  Levi,  'son  of  Capt.  Daniel  and 
Zerviah  (Witter)  Meech,  was  born  in  North  Ston- 
ington,  Conn.,  Feb.  14,  1795 ;  baptized  by  Rev. 
Roswell  Burrows  in  1811,  and  united  with  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  Preston,  Conn. :  served  in  the  war 
of  1812 ;  licensed  to  preach  in  1820 ;  ordained  in 
1824  ;  an  evangelist  in  spirit  from  the  beginning  j 
served  as  pastor  or  supply  of  churches  in  Preston, 
Bozrah,  Andover,  Salem,  Packersville,  Yoluntown. 
ColchesJ;er.  Lebanon,  Suffield,  Second  and  Third 
North  Stonington,  Mystic,  Conn.,  and  Exeter,  R.  I. '; 
organized  the  Union  Baptist  church  of  Montville, 
Conn. ;  greatly  blessed  in  all  his  work  ;  a  wise  and 
successful  revivalist ;  earnest  and  firm  in  all  re- 
forms ;  benevolent  and  devoted  to  missions ;  mighty 
in  the  Scriptures ;  strong  thinker  and  sound  reas- 
oner ;  full  of  sympathy  and  tenderness;  baptized 
400  persons ;  had  three  sons  and  two  daughters : 
his  oldest  son,  Levi  Witter,  a  graduate  of  Brown 
Universfity,  is  a  distinguished  mathematician  and 
actuary  ;  his  youngest  son,  Rev.  AVilliam  W.,  has 
been  an  earnest  Baptist  minister  for  thirty  years. 
He  died  at  the  homestead  in  North  Stonington. 
Conn.,  June  4,  1S73,  in  his  seventy-ninth  year. 

Meek,  Rev.  John,  M.D.,  a  pioneer  preacher  in 
South  Arkansas,  was  born  in  South  Carolina  in 
1791 ;  was  first  a  Methodist  preacher,  then  became 
a  Baptist,  and  began  to  preach  as  such  in  1837 ; 
removed  to  Union  Co.,  Ark.,  in  1840.  Here  he 
soon  organized  a  church,  thefirstof  the  missionary 
Baptist  faith  in  his  region.     While  supporting  his 


MELL 


777 


MELVIN 


family  by  the  practice  of  medicine,  he  was  inde- 
fatigable in  his  ministerial  labors,  and  was  instru- 
mental in  planting  many  churches  and  organizing 
several  Associations.     lie  died  in  1873. 

Mell,  Patrick  Hughes,  D.D.,  chancellor  of  the 
State  University,  and  for  many  years  a  leading  and 


PATRICK    IIliCHES    MEM,,  D.D. 

influential  Baptist  of  Georgia,  was  born  in  Wal- 
thourville,  Liberty  Co.,  Ga.,  July  19,  1814.  In  his 
boyhood  he  studied  in  the  academies  in  Liberty 
County  and  near  Darien,  Ga.,  and  then  he  spent 
two  years  at  Amherst  College,  Mass.,  afterwards 
teaching  in  the  academy  at  Springfield,  Mass.,  and 
in  the  high  school  at  East  Hartford,  Conn.  In 
1838,  at  twenty-four  years  of  age,  he  returned  to 
his  native  State,  and,  after  teaching  school  in  lower 
and  middle  Georgia  for  five  or  six  years,  was  elected 
to  the  professorship  of  Ancient  Languages  in  Mer- 
cer University.  lie  entered  upon  his  duties  in 
February,  1842,  and  continued  a  professor  in  that 
institution  for  thirteen  years,  during  which  time 
lie  became  noted  for  his  ability  as  a  professor  and 
for  the  firmness  and  excellence  of  his  discipline. 
His  connection  with  Mercer  University  was  dis- 
solved in  November,  1855,  but  in  August,  1S56,  he 
was  elected  Professor  of  Ancient  Languages  in  the 
State  University  at  Athens.  When  Dr.  Alonzo 
Church  resigned  the  presidency  of  the  State  Uni- 
versity, in  1860,  Dr.  Mell  was  elected  to  the  chair 
of  Metaphysics  and  Ethics,  which  he  still  holds, 
although  he  was,  in  August,  1878,  elected  chancel- 
lor of  the  university,  and  ex-officio  president  of  the 
State  College  of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic  Arts. 
50 


His  position  is  one  of  great  dignity,  and  has  been 
filled  by  him  with  distinguished  ability  and  success. 

Dr.  Mell's  religious  life  began  in  the  summer 
of  1832,  when  he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Samuel 
Law,  at  North  Newport  church,  Liberty  Co.,  Ga. 
He  began  to  preach  at  Oxford,  Ga.,  in  1840,  and 
was  ordained  by  order  of  the  Penficld  church  at 
the  request  of  the  Greensborough  church,  Nov.  19, 
1842,  at  Penfield.  From  that  time  to  the  present 
he  has  preached  almost  without  intermission,  having 
charge  of  various  churches,  and  some  of  his  pas- 
torates continuing  for  remarkably  long  periods. 
He  was  pastor  of  the  Greensborough  church  for 
ten  years ;  of  the  Antioch  church,  in  Oglethorpe 
County,  twenty-eight  years  ;  and  of  the  Bairdstown 
church,  on  the  line  between  Greene  and  Oglethorpe 
Counties,  thirty-three  years.  Since  his  election  to 
the  chancellorship  of  the  State  University  he  has 
resigned  all  his  pastorates  and  has  devoted  himself 
exclusively  to  the  duties  of  his  office. 

As  a  preacher,  he  is  logical  and  argumentative, 
delighting  in  the  deep  doctrinal  subjects  of  the 
Bible,  and  rendering  them  simple  and  clear  to  the 
couiprehension  of  his  hearers.  The  power  and 
penetration  of  his  intellect  enable  him  to  grasp  a 
doctrine  forcibly  and  present  it  clearly  ;  and  his 
skill  in  the  art  of  thinking  and  reasoning  is  so  great 
that  he  always  speaks  logically,  his  conclusions 
having  the  force  of  demonstrations. 

As  an  author.  Dr.  Mell  has  issued  several  works 
which  have  been  accepted  as  standards,  among 
which  are  liis  works  on  '"  Baptism,"  on  "  Corrective 
Church  Discipline,"'  and  on  "  Parliamentary  Prac- 
tice." He  has  also  published  small  works  on 
"Predestination,"  "Calvinism,"  "God's  Provi- 
dential Government,"  the  "  Philosophy  of  Prayer," 
and  part  of  a  work,  "  Church  Polity,"  which  prom- 
ises to  be  of  great  value. 

As  a  presiding  officer,  Dr.  Mell  has  manifested 
pre-eminent  excellence,  which  has  been  recognized 
by  his  repeated  re-election  to  the  presidency  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention  and  of  the  Georgia 
Baptist  Convention. 

During  the  late  civil  war,  in  response  to  a  call  by 
the  governor  of  the  State  for  six  months'  troops, 
Dr.  Mell,  although  professor  in  the  State  Univer- 
sity, raised  a  company,  of  which  he  was  elected 
captain,  and  when  the  regiment  to  which  he  be- 
longed was  organized,  he  was  elected  colonel.  As 
such  he  remained  in  actual  service  six  months  at 
different  points  within  the  State. 

Few,  if  any,  have  exerted  a  wider  and  niore 
healthful  influence  in  the  denomination  in  Georgia 
than  Dr.  Moll. 

Melvin,  Rev.  R.  E.,  a  preacher  and  writer  of 
note  in  Mississippi,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in 
1811  ;  received  a  good  education,  and  engaged  in 
teaching ;  made  a  professiou  of  Christ  in  1852,  and 


MENNO 


778 


MENNO 


was  baptized  near  Brandon,  Miss. ;  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law  in  the  city  of  Jackson  until  the 
close  of  the  war.  He  then  again  commenced 
teaching  near  Meridian,  where  he  soon  began  to 
preach,  although  not  ordained  until  1878.  Re- 
cently a  number  of  well-written  articles  in  the 
Mississippi  Baptist  Record  have  attracted  notice, 
and  given  him  reputation  as  a  writer. of  ability. 

Menno  and  the  Mennonites. — Simon  Menno 

was  born  in  Witmarsum,  near  Bolswert,  in  Fries- 
land,  in  1505.  His  education  must  have  been  of  a 
high  order,  and  his  talents  were  such  as  to  have 
given  boundless  success  in  any  worldly  calling,  or 
in  the  leadership  of  any  community  except  his  Ana- 
baptist disciples.  He  was  persuasive  and  eloquent. 
He  was  familiar  with  the  springs  that  open  the 
hearts  of  men,  and  he  wielded  an  astonishing  in- 
fluence for  years  over  large  numbers  of  persons  scat- 
tered over  several  countries  of  Europe,  many  of 
whom  would  have  died  for  him  without  murmur,  and 
some  of  whom  were  martyred  because  they  enter- 
tained him,  and  they  knew  the  penalty  before  they 
gave  him  a  hearty  welcome  to  refresh  himself  in 
their  homes. 

In  1529  he  became  a  priest  of  the  Catholic 
church  at  Pinningen,  in  FTiesland.  At  this  time 
he  had  never  read  the  Scriptures  lest  they  might 
draw  him  away  from  his  fidelity  to  Rome.  In  this 
respect  he  was  even  more  hostile  to  God's  "Word 
than  some  other  priests  of  his  acquaintance.  In 
celebrating  mass  the  question  naturally  came  into 
his  mind,  Can  the  bread  and  the  wine  be  the  real 
body  and  blood  of  the  Son  of  God  ?  At  first  he 
imagined  that  this  suggestion  came  from  the 
Wicked  One,  and  he  resorted  to  the  confessional 
and  other  papal  methods  to  chain  and  silence  com- 
mon sense,  but  Menno  was  too  gifted  for  the  suc- 
cessful use  of  such  instrumentalities.  He  had  been 
accustomed  to  spend  his  time  with  two  priests  in 
"  playing,  drinking,  and  other  indulgences,"  but 
these  sacerdotal  exercises  failed  to  satisfy  him 
about  trausubstantiation.  He  finally  concluded 
that  he  would  despise  the, curses  of  lordly  prelates, 
and  search  tlie  New  Testament  to  solve  his  doubts. 
in  its  light  the  falsehood  of  the  mass  vanished  like 
the  shades  of  night  before  the  rising  sun,  and  its 
brazen  idolatry  excited  his  indignation. 

On  the  execution  of  Seicke  Snyder,  at  Leeu- 
wardcn,  for  being  "  rebaptized,"  he  was  filled  with 
astonishment  to  hear  of  a  second  baptism  and  the 
reason  for  it,  that  infant  baptism  had  no  warrant 
fromthc  Word  of  God.  As  he  read  the  Scriptures  he 
saw  that  it  had  no  divine  authority.  Then  he  says, 
"  As  I  remarked  this  I  spoke  of  it  to  my  pastor 
(the  rector  of  the  churcii  in  which  he  was  an  assist- 
ant), and,  after  several  conversations,  he  acknowl- 
edged that  infant  baptism  had  no  ground  in  the 
Scriptures.     Yet  I  dared  not  trust  so  much  to  my 


understanding.  I  consulted  some  ancient  authors, 
who  taught  me  that  children  must  by  baptism  be 
•washed  from  their  original  sin.  This  I  compared 
with  the  Scriptures,  and  perceived  that  it  set  at 
naught  the  blood  of  Christ.  Afterwards  I  went  to 
Luther,  and  would  gladly  have  known  from  him 
the  ground,  and  he  taught  me  that  we  must  bap- 
tize children  on  their  own  faith,  because  they  are 
holy.  This  also  I  saw  was  not  according  to  God's 
Word.  In  the  third  place  I  went  to  Bueer,  whe 
taught  me  that  we  should  baptize  children  in  order 
to  be  able  the  more  diligently  to  take  care  of  them, 
and  bring  them  up  in  the  ways  of  the  Lord.  But 
this  too  I  saw  was  a  groundless  representation. 
In  the  fourth  place  I  went  to  Bullinger,  who 
pointed  me  to  the  covenant  of  circumcision,  but  I 
found,  as  before,  that,  according  to  Scripture,  the 
practice  could  not  stand.  As  I  now  on  every  side 
observed  that  the  writers  stood  on  grounds  so  very 
different,  and  each  followed  his  own  reason,  I  saw 
clearly  that  we  were  deceived  with  infant  baptism."' 
Menno  had  no  temptation  to  give  up  infant  bap- 
tism, and  his  prejudices  and  interests,  and  even  his 
bodily  safety,  were  linked  to  it.  But  the  truth 
was  not  in  it,  and  the  truth,  which  he  loved,  drove 
him  into  the  ranks  of  the  Anabaptists.  Xo  de- 
nomination at  this  hour  has  so  many  men,  like 
Dunster,  Judson,  and  Tvoel,  as  the  Baptist,  whose 
convictions  have  constrained  them  to  renounce  the 
most  cherished  ties,  and  make  other  weighty  sacri- 
fices. 

Menno  for  a  time  was  rector  of  the  village 
church  where  he  had  been  an  assistant,  and 
preached  the  Word  of  Life  to  his  parishioners  with 
acceptance;  but  finally,  in  1536,  his  conscience 
would  permit  him  no  longer  to  retain  any  connec- 
tion with  Rome,  and  he  withdrew  from  the  priest- 
hood and  communion  of  the  popes.  In  1537  he 
listened  to  the  appeal  of  a  few  godly  Anabaptists 
and  became  their  religious  leader,  an  office  which 
he  held  till  he  fell  at  the  feet  of  the  great  Teacher 
in  Paradise. 

Menno  was  twenty-two  yeai-s  younger  than  Lu- 
ther, whom  he  greatly  respected,  and  whose  writ- 
ings he  carefully  studied,  but  his  supreme  regard 
for  the  Scriptures  kept  him  from  adopting  any 
guid^  except  revelation. 

When  he  accepted  his  new  office  he  knew  the 
fierce  cruelties  and  the  violent  death  which  it  in- 
vited, and  which  it  was  likely  to  bring  upon  him, 
but  washed  in  the  Saviour's  blood  himself,  he 
could  not  withhold  the  glorious  gospel  from  the 
millions  of  doomed  papal  bondmen,  whose  present 
darkness  and  prospective  torments  enlisted  the 
deepest  sympathies  of  his  soul.  He  went  every- 
where preaching  Jesus.  As  a  distinguished  writer 
says,  "  For  about  five-and-twenty  years  he  trav- 
eled with  his  wife  and  children  amid  perpetual 


MENNO 


119 


MERCER 


sufferings  and  daily  perils  of  his  life  over  many 
districts  of  country, — first  in  West  Friesland,  the 
territory  of  Groningen,  and  East  Friesland,  and 
then  inGehlerland,  Holland,  Brahant,  Westphalia, 
and  the  German  provinces  along  the  shores  of  the 
Baltic  as  far  as  Livonia,  and  in  this  way  ho  gath- 
ered an  immense  number  of  followers."  Menno 
was  one  of  the  master-spirits  and  master-builders 
of  the  sixteenth  century,  whose  immediate  disci- 
ples were  multitudes,  and  whose  induence  has 
journeyed  far  beyond  the  borders  of  the  religious 
community  bearing  his  name. 

He  died  in  1501  at  Oldesloe,  in  Ilolstein,  where 
his  ashes  rest  in  peace. 

Menno  had  a  new  heart  given  him  in  1535.  God 
"led  him  from  the  way  of  death,  and  through  mere 
mercy  called  him  upon  tlie  narrow  path  of  life  ;"' 
"  he  was  graciously  forgiven  of  his  impure  conduct, 
and  loose,  vain  life  through  the  merit  of  the  blood 
of  Christ,"  and  he  went  in  a  mightier  power  than 
even  Whitefield  to  proclaim  the  efficacy  of  atone- 
ment to  perishing  men.  The  churches  he  insti- 
tuted were  composed  of  professed  believers  alone, 
and  these  were  the  only  subjects  of  his  baptism. 
He  disclaimed  the  use  of  force  to  support,  spread, 
or  defend  his  religious  opinions.  His  views  of  the 
Lord's  Supper  were  Scriptural.  He  denounced 
wars,  self-defense,  and  oaths,  and  insisted  on  per- 
sonal piety  with  great  and  appropriate  zeal.  While 
in  many  highly  important  things  Menno  agreed 
with  us,  fiicts  incline  us  to  the  conviction  that  the 
mode  of  baptism  with  him  was  indifferent.  He  was 
almost  a  Baptist,  though  a  very  decided  Ana- 
baptist. 

The  Mennonites,  or  the  communities  founded  by 
Menno,  survive  the  fury  of  persecution,  the  hatred 
of  state  churches,  and  the  evils  that  dwell  in  the 
heart  and  tempt  in  the  world.  The  chief  strength 
of  the  Mennonites  in  Europe  is  in  Holland,  where, 
in  1846,  they  had  about  130  churches,  and  a  semi- 
nary for  ministerial  education.  They  had  also  com- 
munities at  that  time  in  East  Prussia,  in  Alsace 
and  Lorraine,  in  Switzerland,  and  in  the  south  of 
Russia.  In  the  United  States  the  Mennonites  have 
about  120  churches  and  20,000  members.  There 
are  three  sects  of  Mennonites  in  this  country, — the 
Mennonites,  the  lleformed  Jlennonite  Society,  and 
the  Omish  Church.  The  first  and  last  communities 
hold  the  same  Confession  of  Faith,  which  was 
adopted  in  Dortrecht,  in  Holland,  in  1032.  The 
Omish  Church  differs  chiefly  from  the  regular 
Mennonites  in  their  greater  simplicity  of  dress  and 
strictness  of  discipline.  The  Reformed  Mennonite 
Society  was  instituted  to  pay  special  attention  to 
the  religion  of  the  heart,  and  in  this  respect  to  re- 
store the  spirituality  of  early  times.  This  denom- 
ination has  condensed  the  old  creed,  but  witii  the 
other  two  its  members  profess  to  believe  that  the 


first  lesson  of  the  New  Testament  is  repentance. 
They  baptize  only  penitent  believers  (no  children)  ; 
they  practise  feet-washing ;  they  believe  that  they 
should  not  discharge  the  duties  of  a  magistrate,  or 
'■  elevate  others  to  a  magisterial  office  ;  they  forbid 
the  use  of  carnal  weapons  and  oaths,"  and  "they 
administer  baptism  (in  the  United  States)  by 
sjjrinkling  or  pouring"  ("  Confession  of  Faith  of 
the  Mennonites,"  p.  458,  Winchester),  though  the 
Rynsburgers,  or  Collegiants,  a  branch  of  the  Men- 
nonites, originating  in  Holland,  according  to  Picart, 
in  1730,  practised  immersion  (see  Burrage's  "  Act 
of  Baptism,"  p.  180).  The  Mennonites  of  to-day 
are  a  little  nearer  us  than  orthodox  members  of  the 
Society  of  Friends,  but  they  are  not  Baptists. 

Mercer,  Rev.  Asa  S.,  was  bom  in  Georgia  in 
1790;  began  to  jjreach  in  Mississippi  in  1812;  re- 
moved to  Louisiana  in  1823,  and  settled  on  the 
Ouachita.  He  long  exercised  a  wide  influence,  and 
held  many  prominent  positions.  He  died  in  Texas 
in  1850. 

Mercer,  Jesse,  D.D.,  was  the  most  distinguished 
antl  influential  Baptist  minister  ever  reared  in  the 


JESSE    MERCER,  D.D. 

State  of  Georgia  ;  and  it  is  doubtful  if  any  one, 
under  the  providence  of  God.  ever  exerted  a  more 
beneficial  influence  among  the  Baptists  of  Georgia. 
or  as  an  instrument  in  the  divine  hands  ever  accom- 
plished more  beneficial  results  for  the  denomination 
in  the  State.  "How  is  Mr.  Mercer?"  asked  Dr. 
Staughton  of  a  gentleman  from  Georgia.  "  He  is 
well,"  was  the  answer.  "  He  exerts  a  great  influ- 
ence in  your   State,"    continued    Dr.    Staughton. 


MERCER 


780 


MERCER 


"  His  word  is  Zaw,"  the  other  replied.    "  I  am  sure," 
said  the  doctor,  in  return,  '"  it  is  gospel.'''' 

Jesse,  the  son  of  Sihis  Mercer,  was  born  in  Hali- 
fax Co.,  N.  C,  Dec.  16,  1769.  His  father  removed 
to  Georgia  about  1775,  and  settled  in  Wilkes 
County,  but  fled  to  North  Carolina  at  the  outbreak 
of  the  Revolution,  and  did  not  return  until  after 
the  war,  when  Jesse  was  about  fourteen  years  old. 
From  that  time  until  his  death,  on  the  6th  of  Sep- 
tember, 1841,  Jesse  Mercer  resided  in  Georgia. 
His  youthful  character  was  free  from  stain  -,  not 
even  a  profane  word  was  ever  used  by  him,  nor  was 
he  ever  guilty  of  any  deviation  from  strict  truth- 
fulness. He  was  a  sober,  staid,  discreet  youth  ; 
even-tempered  in  his  conduct,  never  dejected  nor 
morose.  He  had  great  command  of  his  passions, 
and  was  never  known  through  life  to  have  a  per- 
sonal quarrel  with  any  one.  He  was  a  pattern  of 
filial  obedience,  submitting  cheerfully  to  every 
command  of  his  parents.  He  was  converted  at 
fifteen,  was  baptized  in  his  eighteenth  year,  and 
soon  after  began  to  preach.  On  the  31st  of  Janu- 
ary, 1788,  in  his  nineteenth  year,  he  was  married 
to  Miss  Sabrina  Chivers  ;  and  before  he  was  twenty 
years  of  age  he  was  ordained,  on  the  7th  of  Novem- 
ber, 1789,  by  Silas  Mercer  and  Sanders  "Walker. 
In  succession  he  then  took'  charge  of  the  churches  at 
Hutton's  Fork,  Indian  Creek,  in  Oglethorpe  County, 
Sardis,  Phillips'  Mill,  Powehon,  Whatley's  Mill 
(now  Bethesda),  Eatonton,  and  Washington,  his 
pastoral  services  extending  over  a  period  of  fifty 
years.  He  by  no  means  Confined  himself  to  the 
churches  of  his  charge,  however,  but,  traveling  far 
and  near,  he  preached  the  gospel  everywhere,  with 
.  a  power  never  surpassed  in  the  State,  and  with  a 
pathos  and  unction  productive  of  the  best  results. 

As  a  Preacher. — Long  will  he  be  held  in  honoi"- 
able  estimation  as  a  truly  able,  pious,  instructive 
and  powerful  minister  of  the  gospel.  Said  Dr. 
Basil  Manly,  Sr.,  of  him,  "  In  his  happy  moments 
of  preaching  he  would  arouse  and  enchain  the  at- 
tention of  reflecting  men  beyond  any  minister  I 
have  ever  heard.  At  such  times  his  views  were 
.vast,  profound,  original,  striking,  and  absorbing  in 
the  highest  degree  ;  while  his  language,  though 
simple,  was  so  terse  and  pithy,  so  pruned,  consoli- 
dated, and  suited  to  become  the  vehicle  of  the  dense 
mass  of  his  thoughts,  that  it  required  no  ordinary 
effort  of  a  well-trained  mind  to  take  in  all  he  said." 
His  voice  was  neither  very  strong  nor  distinguished 
for  its  compass  and  melody ;  his  gesticulations 
were  rather  clumsy,  and  the  fastidious  could  find 
fault  with  his  manner  ;  but,  notwithstanding  all. 
his  appearance  in  the  pulpit  was  far  from  lacing 
uninteresting. 

The  fair  and  comely  baldness  of  his  head,  his 
venerable  mien,  his  portly  frame,  his  countenance 
clothed  with  meekness,  benevolence,  intelligence, 


and  devotion,  rendered  him  an  object  of  peculiar 
interest  and  respect  wherever  he  stood  forth 

"  To  negotiate  between  God  and  man, 
As  God's  ambassador,  tlie  grand  concerns 
Of  judgment  and  of  mercy." 

Whilst  he  seemed  untrammeled  by  the  laws  of 
criticism,  he  violated  not  the  principles  of  true  taste. 
His  sermons  were  for  the  most  part  doctrinal,  yet 
always  tending  to  practical  results.  His  language 
had  a  noble  bearing,  which  made  it  a  suitable 
vehicle  for  his  noble  thoughts.  The  accurate  prin- 
ciples of  sound  logic  ran  through  his  addresses, 
though  its  forms  were  not  at  all  times  visible.  Un- 
godly men  of  cultivated  minds  listened  to  his  sermons 
as  to  an  intellectual  treat.  Religious  men  enjoyed 
them  as  affording  a  spiritual  feast.  To  the  graces  of 
oratory  Mr.  Mercer  made  no  pretensions,  but  there 
was  an  unction  from  the  Holy  One,  that  breathed 
from  his  spirit  and  beamed  fron\  his  sweet  and 
heavenly  eye,  which  enchained  and  animated  the 
hearer,  and  thus  more  than  supplied  the  absence 
of  oratorical  grace.  His  words  did  not  often  flow 
down  upon  the  people  in  a  rushing  torrent,  but 
•  rather  fell  like  a  refreshing  shower.  No  useless 
verbiage  encumbered  his  topics.  Some  preachers 
are  occasionally  great  because,  like  a  small  stream, 
with  a  shallow  and  ntyrow  channel,  swollen  by  a 
sudden  shower,  they  sometimes  dash  and  roar  ;  but 
Mr.  Mercer's  preaching  was  like  a  stream  whose 
channel  is  wide  and  deep:  it  embraced  a  large 
scope  of  religious  instruction,  exhibited  a  great 
variety  and  richness,  and  flowed  onwards  with  a 
mighty  and  increasing  volume. 

The  Cross  of  Christ  was  the  fixed,  luminous 
centre  of  his  preaching.  He  delighted  in  contem- 
plating the  gospel  as  a  scheme  which  honored  God 
and  abased  the  creature.  Upon  the  majestj'  of  the 
law  ;  the  exceeding  sinfulness  of  sin  ;  the  amazing 
obligations  of  the  sinner,  and  his  total  inability  to 
rescue  himself  fi-om  his  ruined  and  guilty  state; 
and  upon  the  infinite  virtue  of  the  atonement,  and 
the  uncontrolled  sovereignty  of  God,  and  the  glori- 
ous efiiciency  of  divine  grace,  he  was  truly  great. 
Never  was  a  minister  more  immovably  rooted  in 
the  respect,  confidence,  and  affection  of  his  people 
than  was  Mr.  Mercer,  while  to  all  classes  of  the 
community  he  was  an  object  of  admiration,  rever- 
ence, and  love. 

A])out  1818  he  removed  from  Greene  County  to 
Powelton,  where  he  resided  until  the  end  of  1826 
or  beginning  of  1827,  when  he  removed  to  Wash- 
ington, which  remained  his  home  until  death.  Of 
the  church  at  the  former  place  he  was  pastor  for 
twenty-eight  years,  and  of  the  church  at  the  latter 
he  was  pastor  about  seventeen  years  :  but  after 
removing  to  Washington  he  resigned  the  charge 
of  most  of  his  other  churches. 

Connection  toith  (he  Index. — In  the  year  1833  the 


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Christian  Index,  publisliod  liy  Dr.  Win.  T.  Braiitly, 
Sr.,  at  l-'hiladelphia,  was  purchased  by  Mr.  Mercer 
and  removed  to  Washington,  Ga.  For  several  years 
lie  was  the  editor  of  the  Index,  assisted  by  Rev. 
Win.  II.  Stokes,  and  was  the  means  thus  of  greatly 
benefiting  the  denomination  in  the  State  by  his 
wise  counsel  and  skillful  expositions  of  discipline 
and  doctrine.  But  editorial  duties  were  not  con- 
genial to  him,  and  the  paper  became  a  pecuniary 
disadvantage.  In  1840  he  tendered  the  Index,  and 
all  its  appendages,  to  the  Georgia  Baptist  Conven- 
tion. The  gift  was  accepted,  and  it  was  published 
by  the  Convention,  through  a  committee,  until 
1862,  when  it  was  sold  to  llev.  S.  Boykin,  who  for 
several  years  had  been  employed  as  editor.  To  Mr. 
Mercer  the  denomination  in  the  State  is  indebted 
for  much  of  its  harmony  and  prosperity,  through 
the  influence  exerted  for  many  years  by  that  paper. 

Efforts  in  Behalf  of  Education. — The  cause  of 
education  has  had  no  more  indefatigable,  success- 
ful, and  liberal  advocate  in  the  State  of  Georgia 
than  Jesse  Mercer.  He  took  an  active  part  in  the 
establishment  of  Mount  Enon  Academy,  in  Rich- 
mond County,  in  1807.  He  was  one  of  the  most 
munificent  supporters  of  Mercer  University  from 
its  very  inception,  and  the  institution  was  accord- 
ingly named  after  him.  His  donations,  including 
legacies  to  the  university,  did  not  amount  to  less 
than  $40,000. 

His  Efforts  in  the  Missionary  Cause. — No  object 
was  dearer  to  Jesse  Mercer  than  the  cause  of  mis- 
sions. Through  his  influence  the  Powelton  Bap- 
tist Society  for  Foreign  Missions  was  established, 
May  5,  1815  ;  and  in  the  year  following  he  pro- 
cured the  appointment  of  the  Mission  Board  of 
tlie  Georgia  Association  to  be  a  component  mem- 
ber of  the  General  Missionary  Convention  of 
the  Baptist  denomination,  which  board  existed  for 
many  years,  and  prosecuted  its  business  with  much 
success.  He  was  uniformly  appointed  a  member 
of  the  board,  was  generally  its  president,  and  al- 
ways one  of  its  most  liberal  and  efficient  support- 
ers. In  1820  and  in  1826  he  represented  this  board 
in  the  General  Convention.  Not  until  merged  into 
the  operations  of  the  State  Convention  was  this 
board  dispensed  with. 

For  some  years  Jlr.  Mercer  was  an  active  mem- 
ber, and  for  a  while  corresponding  secretary  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Co-operating  Baptist  As- 
sociations for  Instructing  and  Evangelizing  the 
Creek  Indians,  organized  under  the  direction  of 
managers  appointed  by  theOcinulgee,  Georgia,  and 
Kbenezer  Associations.  By  his  pen,  in  the  pulpit, 
and  with  his  purse  Mr.  Mercer  strenuously  advo- 
cated the  mission  cause  throughout  his  wliolo 
career,  and  was  one  of  those  who  organized,  and 
for  the  ten  years  of  its  existence  was  the  master- 
spirit of,  the  General   Committee  of  the   Georgia 


Baptists,  which  resulted  in  the  establishment  of 
the  Georgia  Baptist  Convention,  the  grand  mis- 
sionary body  of  the  Georgia  Baptists.  For  eighteen 
years  in  succession  he  was  elected  president  of  the 
Georgia  Baptist  Convention,  and  for  more  than 
twenty  years  ho  was  successively  elected  presiding 
ofiicer  of  the  Georgia  Association. 

In  the  discussion  of  all  weighty  and  difficult  sub- 
jects in  the  religious  bodies  which  he  attended  he 
usually  took  a  prominent  part,  and  his  views  gen- 
erally decided  the  question  under  discussion.  On 
one  occasion  some  important  subject  was  discussed 
for  a  considerable  time,  when  a  worthy  brother 
rose  and  said,  "  Well,  I  now  move  that  Brother 
Mercer  give  us  his  views,  and  that  the  question 
then  be  put,  without  any  further  debate,"  inti- 
mating that  it  would  be  improper  for  the  question 
to  be  taken  until  the  Gamaliel  of  the  meeting  had 
expressed  his  opinion,  and  that  after  he  should 
speak  little  more  of  importance  could  well  t)e 
said. 

His  Liherality. — He  gave  hundreds  and  thou- 
sands and  tens  of  tliousands.  To  home  and  foreign 
missions,  to  the  Bible,  tract,  Sunday-school,  and 
publication  societies,  to  Columbian  College,  and  to 
Mercer  University  he  dedicated  many  thousands 
of  dollars.  His  bequests  to  Mercer  University 
amounted  to  more  than  $40,000,  and  to  various 
other  benevolent  objects  not  less  than  §20,000  or 
$25,000. 

His  Character. — With  all  his  greatness  and 
reputation  he  was  lowly  and  humble.  His  mod- 
esty was  conspicuous;  yet,  though  eminently  meek 
and  gentle  in  spirit,  he  was  a  man  of  uncommon 
firmness  and  of  great  moral  courage.  In  matters 
of  principle  and  conscience  he  was  immovable  as  a 
rock.  His  iieart  was  remarkably  tender  and  sym- 
pathetic, and  he  was  kind,  courteous,  and  hospita- 
ble. He  treated  his  servants  with  the  greatest 
humanity  and  with  the  most  judicious  considera- 
tion. The  mental  elevation,  the  distinguished 
piety,  and  the  ministerial  excellence  which  were 
combined  in  Mr.  Mercer  partially  account  for  the 
extensive  and  wonderful  inlluence  he  exerted  over 
tlie  minds  of  men,  for  no  other  man  has  wielded  the 
same  power  over  the  Baptists  of  Georgia,  nor  is 
any  other  Baptist  who  has  ever  lived  in  the  State 
to  be  compared  to  him  in  the  beneficial  results 
accomplished  by  his  long  ministry.  In  tlie  de- 
nomination in  Georgia  he  stands  as  a  bright  and 
shining  light,  and  while  it  exists  in  that  State  his 
exalted  merit  and  faithful  services  will  cause  him, 
to  be  held  in  aflfectionate  and  sacred  remembrance. 

Mercer,  Rev.  Thomas,  an  able  and  zealous 

Baptist  minister,  who  removed  from  Georgia  in 
1818  and  settled  in  Southwestern  Mississippi ;  was 
an  early  laborer  in  spreading  Baptist  sentiments. 
To  facilitate  the  cultivation  of  the  song-service  of 


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the  churches  he  compiled  a  collection  of  excellent 
hymns.  He  aided  in  the  formation  of  the  Missis- 
sippi Association  in  1806.  In  ,1817,  Thomas  Mer- 
cer and  Benjamin  Davis  were  requested  by  the  As- 
sociation to  visit  the  Creek  Indians  and  inquire 
what  could  be  done  tovs^ards  the  establishment  of 
schools  and  the  introduction  of  the  gospel  among 
them,  and  the  funds  of  the  Association  were  applied 
for  their  use,  and  they  were  required  to  account  to 
the  Mississippi  Society  for  Baptist  Missions,  For- 
eign and  Domestic.  Upon  this  journey  Mercer 
died,  and  was  buried  among  strangers. 

Mercer  University. — One  of  the  objects  of  the 

Georgia  Baptist  Convention,  when  organized,  as  set 
forth  in  its  constitution,  was  "  to  afford  an  oppor- 
tunity to  those  who  may  conscientiously  think  it 
their  duty  to  form  a  fund  for  the  education  of  pious 
young  men,  who  may  be  called  by  the  spirit  and 
their  churches  to  the  Christian  ministry."  From 
1826  to  1832  several  beneficiaries  were  adopted  by 
the  Convention,  and  no  less  than  eight  received  aid 
from  the  Convention  in  the  last-named  year.  In 
1828,  Josiah  Penfield,  a  devout  deacon  of  the 
Savannah  Baptist  church,  offered  to  give  $2500 
towards  a  fund  for  the  education  of  young  minis- 
ters, provided  the  Convention  would  contribute  an 
equal  amount.  More  than  $2500  was  subscribed 
by  the  delegates  at  the  Convention,  in  Milledge- 
ville,  in  March,  1829.  From  this  Penfield  legacy, 
and  from  annual  additions,  grew  the  permanent 
fund  for  the  education  of  young  ministers,  which 
amounted  at  one  time  to  $33,400,  but  which  now, 
owing  to  losses  during  the  civil  war,  amounts  to 
about  $24,000.  Having  an  educational  fund,  the 
Convention  resolved,  in  1831,  to  establish  a  classi- 
cal and  theological  school,  to  be  connected  with 
manual  labor.  This  resolution  was  offered  by 
Dr.  Adiel  Sherwood.  Lands  and  money  were  sub- 
scribed, a  site  was  choseh,  and  on  the  second  Mon- 
day in  January,  1833,  Mercer  Institute  was  opened, 
so  named  in  honor  of -Jesse  Mercer,  who  has  been 
called  "  the  most  influential  minister  of  his  day, 
and,  perhaps,  the  most  distinguished  minister  of 
the  denomination  ever  reared  up  in  the  State." 
(Campbell's  "Georgia  Baptists.") 

When  it  grew  into  a  village  the  site  was  named 
Penfield,  in  memory  of  Deacon  Penfield.  Rev. 
Billington  M.  Sanders  presided  over  the  institute, 
and  brought  to  the  work  indefatigable  industry. 
Under  his  care  the  institute  attracted  students  from 
all  parts  of  the  State,  and  contributed  greatly  to 
popularize  education  in  the  minds  of  the  people. 
It  was  not  intended  to  impart  a  collegiate  educa- 
tion, and  its  elevation  to  the  dignity  of  a  college 
was  an  after-thought,  started  by  the  failure  to  es- 
tablisli  the  Southern  Baptist  College  at  Washing- 
ton, Wilkes  County,  for  which  an  endowment  fund 
of  $100,000   had   been  subscribed.     Of  this   sum 


$20,000  had  been  contributed  by  the  Central  Asso- 
ciation, a  body  of  intelligent  and  liberal  brethren, 
to  endow  the  Central  Professorship  of  Languages 
and  Sacred  Literature.  That  body  suggested  that 
Mercer  Institute  be  elevated  into  a  college,  and 
this  solved  a  problem  which  was  puzzling  the  de- 
nomination. The  Executive  Committee  of  the  Con- 
vention took  the  matter  in  hand,  changed  the  name 
of  JVIereer  Institute  into  Mercer  University,  pro- 
cured the  transfer  of  most  of  the  subscriptions 
which  had  been  made  to  the  Southern  Baptist 
College,  and,  in  December,  1837,  obtained  a  char- 
ter for  the  new  university.  At  its  next  session,  in 
May,  1838,  the  Georgia  Baptist  Convention  ratified 
this  charter  and  elected  the  first  board  of  trustees. 
The  first  meeting  of  this  board  was  held  at  Pen- 
field,  in  July,  1838,  when  they  assumed  the  man- 
agement of  the  institution  ;  and  this  date  may  be 
regarded  as  the  oflicial  beginning  of  Mercer  Uni- 
versity, though  the  college  classSs  were  not  organ- 
ized until  January,  1839. 

*  The  board  of  trustees  was  composed  of  the  fol- 
lowing brethren :  Jesse  Mercer,  C.  D.  Mallary,  V. 
R.  Thornton,  Jonathan  Davis,  John  E.  Dawson, 
Malcom  Johnson,  W.  D.  Cowdry,  J.  H.  T.  Kil- 
patrick,  J.  II.  Campbell,  S.  G.  Hillyer,  Absalom 
Janes,  R.  Q.  Dickinson,  William  Richards,  Thomas 
Stocks,  T.  G.  Janes,  J.  M.  Porter,  Lemuel  Greene, 
James  Davant,  F.  W.  Cheney,  E.  II.  Macon,  Wil- 
liam Lumpkin,  J.  G.  Polhill,  Lott  Warren,  Mark 
A.  Cooper,  John  B.  AValker,  I.  T.  Irwin,  W.  H. 
Pope,  men  who  were  representatives  of  the  denom- 
ination in  piety,  wealth,  intelligence,  and  in  social 
and  political  influence.  They  gave  shape  to  the 
institution,  and  to  their  wise  counsels  much  of  its 
success  is  due.  Thomas  Stocks,  a  layman,  who 
had  labored  in  building  up  the  institute,  was  the 
first'  president  of  the  board  of  trustees,  and  was 
continuously  re-elected  for  about  twenty-five  years, 
until  failing  health  unfitted  him  for  the  duties  of 
the  office.  The  university  entered  upon  its  career 
with  a  liberal  endowment  for  the  times.  Four 
agents — Posey,  Connor,  Davis,  and  Mallary — were 
employed  in  getting  the  subscriptions  to  the  Wash- 
ington project  transferred,  and  in  obtaining  new 
pledges.  In  this  work  Rev.  C.  D.  Mallary  was  en- 
gaged during  the  years  1837, 1838.  and  1839.  Rev. 
Jesse  Mercer  was  by  far  the  largest  contributor,  as 
he  gave  during  his  life  and  by  will  about  $40,000. 
Among  those  who  donated  from  $1000  to  $5000 
were  Cullen  Battle,  R.  Q.  Dickinson,  W.  II.  Pope, 
.James  Boykin,  T.  G.  Janes,  Absalom  Janes,  W. 
Peek,  Solomon  Graves,  and  John  B.  Walker. 
AVithin  the  last  twenty  years  several  legacies  have 
been  left  to  the  university. 

In  Deccmlior,  1844,  the  manual  labor  system  was 
indefinitely  suspended  by  the  trustees,  with  the 
concurrence  of  the  contributors  to  the  university. 


MERCER 


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The  first  diplomas  were  conferred  in  1S41,  and  since 
then  there  has  been  a  regular  succession  of  gradu- 
ating classes,  with  the  exception  of  seven  years. 
An  efficient  faculty  was  gradually  enrolled.  One, 
Prof  S.  P.  Sanford,  entered  the  institute  as  a  teacher 
in  1838,  and  has  served  continuously  down  to  the 


Biblical  literature,  and  it  was  extended  over  three 
years.  Two  professors  usually  gave  most  of  their 
time  to  instruction  in  this  department  of  the  col- 
lege. The  exigencies  of  the  civil  war,  in  1862, 
caused  a  suspension  of  the  theological  department, 
which  has  never  been  revived,  owing  to  a  general 


MERCER    UNIVERSITY. 


present  time.  Another,  Prof.  J.  E.  Willet,  an 
alumnus  of  1846,  was  elected  professor  in  1847,  and 
has  served  continuously  since  that  time.  In  both 
Mercer  Institute  and  the  university  a  theological 
education  was  a  primary  thought,  and  was  specifi- 
cally provided  for  in  donations  and  legacies.  Very 
appropriately,  therefore.  Rev.  Dr.  Adiel  Sherwood 
was,  in  1840,  elected  the  first  theological  professor, 
a  position  which  he  occupied  three  years  only,  as  he 
then  accepted  the  presidency  of  Shurtleff  College, 
111.  In  184.5  the  theological  department  was  fully 
organized,  embracing  Greek,  Hebrew,  systematic 
and  pastoral  theology,  ecclesiastical  history,  and 


desire  to  build  up  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological 
Seminary. 

The  curriculum  of  the  classical  department  in 
Mercer  University  em1)races  the  studies  usually 
taught  in  colleges  of  respectable  grade.  The  reg- 
ular course  requires  four  years,  and  leads  to  the 
degree  of  A.B.  A  scientific  course,  including  the 
regular  course  except  ancient  languages,  is  com- 
pleted in  three  years,  and  leads  to  the  degree  of 
B.S., — Bachelor  of  Science.  Seven  have  graduated 
in  the  scientific  course  and  440  in  the  regular 
course,  of  whom  77  became  ministers  of  the  gospel. 
I  Add  to  these  the  12  theological  graduates  and  the 


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75  who  have  taken  a  partial  course  in  the  institute 
and  university,  and  we  have  a  total  of  164  Baptist 
ministers  who  have  received  their  education  in  this 
"  classical  and  theological  schooF'  instituted  by  the' 
Baptist  fathers  nearly  half  a  century  ago.  ■ 

The  law  school  was  organized  in  1873.  Its  course 
e^xtends  through  one  yeai",  and  thus  far  24  graduates 
have  received  the  degree  of  B.L. 

The  disasters  to  ■  the  college  caused  by  the  civil 
war  led  to  its  dissolution  in  May,  1865,  and  the 
faculty  reluctantly  closed  its  doors.  The  two  senior 
members  of  the  faculty,  however,  opened  a  school 
in  the  college  buildings,  and  carried  on  the  mixed 
studies  of  preparatory  and  college  classes  until  the 
close  of  the  year,  when  the  trustees  began  again 
the  rehabilitation  of  the  university. 

There  had  always  been  differences  of  opinion  as 
to  the  location  of  the  college,  and  in  1850  a  feeble 
effort  was  made  to  remove  it  to  Griffin.  About 
1853  the  Baptists  of  Northwestern  Georgia  estab- 
lished the  Cherokee  Baptist  College  at  Cassville, 
and  soon  after  those  of  Western  Georgia  instituted 
another  at  Griffin, — Marshall  College.  Both  failed 
to  secure  endowments  and  passed  away.  Not  long 
after  the  war  the  question  of  removal  was  re-opened  ; 
several  cities  offered  valuable  pecuniary  induce- 
ments; and  in  April,  1870,  the  Convention,  by  a 
vote  of  71  to  16,  resolve'd  to  remove  the  university 
from  Penfield ;  and  at  a  subsequent  conference  of 
a  committee  of  the  Convention  and  the  Board  of 
Trustees,  it  was  decided  to  locate  it  at  Macon, 
which  city  gave  the  university  $125,000  of  her 
bonds  and  seven  acres  of  "land  on  Tatnall  Square. 
A  modification  of  the  charter  was  secured,  and  the 
university  was  removed  to  Macon  in  1871.  A  large 
four-story  brick  building,  containing  over  thirty 
rooms  for  recitation  purposes  and  for  the  library 
and  philosophical  apparatus,  was  ei'ected  by  the 
trustees.  Another  brick,  building  was  also  reared 
as  a  dormitory  and  dining-hall  for  the  students. 
A  chapel,  and  a  building  to  contain  the  museum 
and  to  furnish  lecture-rooms,  were  in  contemplation 
also,  but  the  financial  panic  of  1873  caused  a  sus- 
pension of  further  building  operations. 

For  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  the  en- 
dowment and  funds  of  the  university  were  managed 
by  Thomas  J.  Burney,  treasurer  of  the  Convention, 
than  whom  a  more  faithful  and  efficient  officer  never 
lived.  To  his  discretion  the  trustees  confided  the 
finances  of  the  institution  entirelj^  and  that  so 
large,  a  proportion  of  its  funds  was  saved  during 
the  war  is  due  to  his  wisdom  and  foresight. 

The  presidents  have  been  as  follows  :  Rev.  B.  M. 
Sanders,  1S39;  Rev.  Otis  Sniitii,  1S40-43;  Rev. 
John  L.  Dagg,  D.D.,  1S44-54  ;  Rev.  Nathaniel  M. 
Crawford,  D.I).,  1855-56  and  1858-65  ;  Rev.  Henry 
Ilolcombe  Tucker,  D.D.,  1866-71  ;  and  Rev.  Archi- 
bald J.  Battle,  D.D.,  1872  to  date,  1880. 


Administration. — Rev.  Billington  M.  Sanders, 
who  had  been  the  central  figure  in  the  institute, 
consented  to  remain  one  year  as  president  of  the 
university.  It  was  fitting  that  he  should  launch 
upon  its  new  career  of  usefulness  the  bark  which 
he  had  guided  so  successfully  for  six  years.  Rev. 
Otis  Smith  succeeded  binj,  and  remained  three 
years.  He  gave  diplomas  to  the  first  two  gradu- 
ating classes. 

Rev.  Dr.  Dagg  succeeded,  in  1844,  to  a  presi- 
dency of  ten  years.  With  superior  mental  endoV- 
ments,  solid  scholarship,  venerable  presence,  affable 
manners,  aptness  in  teaching,  and  steadiness  in 
discipline,  he  commanded  the  love  and  reverence  of 
the  whole  institution.  To  the  new  college  he  gave 
dignity  and  character  ;  and  he  made  its  friends  feel 
that  it  deserved  to  take  rank  among  the  colleges  of 
the  State. 

Rev.  Dr.  Crawford  inherited  much  of  the  mas- 
sive intellect  of  his  father,  Hon.  Wm.  H.  Crawford. 
His  mind  mastered,  with  equal  ease,  almost  every 
department  of  thought.  IModest,  sincere,  sagacious, 
companionable,  independent,  and  with  great  clear- 
ness and  coolness  of  judgment,  he  won  the  respect 
of  his  students  ;  and  was  a  beloved  and  wise  coun- 
selor in  the  assemblies  of  his  brethren.  Rev.  Dr. 
Tucker  was  a  president  of  remarkable  originality, 
acuteness,  and  readiness.  Clear,  brilliant,  mag- 
netic, he  "enthused"  his  classes  as  few  have  the 
power  to  do.  "  You  are  gentlemen,  and  the  sons 
of  gentlemen,"  was  the  key-note  of  his  discipline, 
which  banished  from  the  college  all  silly  tricks  and 
pranks,  and  encouraged  true  manliness  of  character 
among  the  students.  The  fresh  vitality  of  his  ad- 
ministration is  still  felt  in  the  institution. 

Rev.  Dr.  Battle,  though  a  native  of  Georgia, 
came  from  another  State,  Alabama.  His  father. 
Dr.-  Gullen  Battle,  had  been  a  prominent  Baptist 
in  Georgia  until  his  removal  to  Alabama,  and  had 
been  a  liberal  donor  to  the  university,  and  bis 
son  received  a  warm  welcome  on  returning  to  his 
native  State  •,  and  he  found  friends  in  all.  A 
Christian  gentleman  of  the  highest  tone  and  culti- 
vation, with  fine  social  powers,  he  has  strongly  at- 
tached to  the  college  the  community  which  con- 
tributed so  liberally  to  its  endowment. 

The  university,  thus  founded  in  the  prayers, 
sacrifices,  and  best  purposes  of  the  denomination, 
the  centre  of  its  intellectual  culture,  has  ever  been 
the  rallying-point  of  tiie  Georgia  Baptists.  Sprung 
from  a  desire  for  an  educated  ministry,  it  has  ex- 
panded into  a  fountain  of  knowledge  for  Baptists 
of  every  calling.  Enlisting  their  minds  and  hearts 
in  its  great  work,  the  Georgia  Baptists  have  brought 
to  it  their  offerings  of  time,  money,  and  wisdom, 
and  when  necessary  have  sacrificed  their  prefer- 
ences for  locations  and  measures.  Such  a  fusion 
of  mind  and  heart  has  unified  and  consolidated  the 


MEREDITH 


785 


MERRILL 


denomination,  and  girdod  it  for  the  great  religious 
work  which  it  has  wrought  in  the  State. 

Meredith,  Rev.  James  J.,  an  able  minister  of 
Ouachita  liaptist  Association,  La.,  was  born  Oct. 
27,  1810,  and  died  in  Caldwell  Parish,  La.,  Juno 
27,  1.^70. 

Meredith,  Rev,  Thomas,  was  beyond  question 
the  ablest  man  who  has  yet  appeared  among  the 
Baptists  of  North  Carolina,  and  as  the  founder,  and 
for  nineteen  years  the  editor,  of  the  Biblical  Re- 
corder, prob.ably  did  more  to  develop  the  denomina- 
tion than  any  man  who  has  ever  lived  in  the  State. 
Mr.  Meredith  was  ])orn  in  Pennsylvania  in  1797  ; 
came  to  North  Carolina  as  pastor  of  the  Newbern 
church  in  1820;  removed  to  Georgia  in  1822; 
settled  as  pastor  in  Edenton,  N.  C,  in  1825 ;  ori- 
ginated the  Baptist  Interpreter  in  1832,  which  was 
changed  to  the  Biblical  Recorder  in  1834  ;  removed 
to  Newbern  in  1835,  and  was  pastor  as  well  as 
editor  till  1838,  when  he  removed  to  Raleigh,  and 
taught  a  female  school  in  connection  with  edi- 
torial labors.  Mr.  Meredith  was  the  author  of  the 
constitution  of  the  North  Carolina  Baptist  State 
Convention,  and  of  the  masterly  address  of  that 
body  when  organized  in  1830.  lie  was  elected  a 
Professor  of  Mathematics  in  Wake  Forest  College 
in  1835,  but  did  not  accept  the  position.  He  died 
in  Raleigh  in  1851.  As  an  editor,  he  was  the 
equal  of  any  man  in  the  United  States  in  his  day. 

Meridian  Female  College,  located  at  iNIeridian, 

Miss.,  was  founded  by  J.  B.  Ilamberlin  since  the 
war.  From  one  to  two  hundred  young  ladies  are 
annually  taught  in  this  institution.  Rev.  C.  M. 
Gordon,  A.M.,  is  the  principal,  with  whom  is  asso- 
ciated Rev.  M.  T.  Martin  as  agent. 

Merriam,  Rev.  Asaph,  was  born  in  Gardiner, 
Mass.,  in  March,  1792 ;  hopefully  converted  at  the 
age  of  twenty-five,  he  united  with  a  Congregational 
church.  Subsequently  he  became  a  Baptist,  and 
in  1825  was  ordained  at  Royalston,  Mass.,  and  re- 
mained here  five  years,  lie  was  afterwards  settled 
over  churches  in  New  Ipswich,  Canton,  Athol,  and 
Bolton.  He  also  supplied  one  or  two  churches  for 
a  time.  His  entire  ministry  extended  over  a  period 
of  about  forty  years.  lie  died  at  Bolton,  Sept.  19, 
1868.     He  was  a  useful  minister  of  Christ. 

Merrifield,  Rev.  A.  S,,  was  bom  in  Newfane, 
Vt.,  A]>ril  1,  1837.  He  belongs  to  a  family  of 
eleven  children,  all  of  whom  are  active  members 
of  Baptist  churches.  Two  are  in  the  ministry, 
three  are  deacons,  and  three  are  ministers'  or  dea- 
cons' wives.  He  was  converted  to  Christ  while  a 
student  at  Leland  Seminary,  Townshend,  Vt.,  at 
the  age  of  seventeen.  At  this  academy  he  pre- 
pared for  college,  and  entered  Madison  University 
in  1860.  He  graduated  from  college  in  1S()4,  and 
from  the  theological  seminary  in  ISfifi.  He  accepted 
a  call  from  the  Baptist  church  at  Sherman,  Chau- 


tauqua Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  ordained  to  the 
ministry  Oct.  17,  186G.  His  pastorate  with  this 
church  lasted  for  three  years  and  a  half.  After 
this  he  was  pastor  at  Morris  and  Sablette,  111. 

Feeling  that  he  might  accomplish  more  good  in 
a  new  and  rising  field,  ho  accepted  an  invitation 
from  a  few  Baptists  in  the  city  of  Newton,  Kan- 
sas, to  aid  them  in  starting  and  building  up  a  Bap- 
tist church.  With  no  church  organized,  no  house 
of  worship,  and  no  specified  salary,  he  began  labor 
in  this  new  field  in  November,  1877.  Having  no 
place  to  hold  meetings,  these  brethren  coninieneed 
to  build  ,a  house  for  that  purpose.  In  January  it 
was  completed,  and  dedicated  to  the  worship  of 
God,  free  of  debt.  At  that  time  the  church  was  or- 
ganized. The  preaching  of  the  Word  was  attended 
by  the  power  of  the  Spirit,  and  many  souls  were 
saved.  Special  meetings  were  held  l)oth  in  the 
town  and  in  the  country.  Thirty  persons  were 
baptized,  and  a  goodly  number  were  received  by 
letter  and  experience.  These  were  the  first  bap- 
tisms that  ever  took  place  in  the  town  of  Newton. 
The  Baptist  church  of  Newton  is  a  little  more  than 
two  and  a  half  years  old.  Ho  has  biiptized  into 
this  church  56  converts,  and  there  have  been  added 
in  all  164  members. 

Mr.  Merrifield  while  in  Kansas  has,  under  God, 
made  his  own  field,  and  is  one  of  the  most  judi- 
cious, devoted,  successful,  and  able  workers  in 
the  State. 

Merrill,  Rev.  Daniel,  was  bom  March  18, 1765, 

in  Rowley,  Mass.  He  was  converted  in  his  thir- 
teenth year;  he  enlisted  in  January,  1781,  when 
only  fifteen  years  of  age,  and  fought  to  the  close 
of  the  Revolutionary  w.ar.  He  graduated  at  Dart- 
mouth in  1789  with  high  honor.  He  began  to 
preach  in  1791,  and  his  first  sermon  commenced  a 
revival  of  religion  which  in  a  short  time  brought 
nearly  100  souls  to  Jesus.  He  preached  with  sim- 
ilar success  in  several  places,  staying  but  a  short 
time  in  each.  In  1793  he  formed  a  church  in  Sedg- 
wick, Me.,  of  20  members,  on  the  Congregational 
platform,  and  in  1805  it  was  the  largest  church  of 
any  denomination  in  the  State.  Mr.  Merrill  at 
this  period  of  great  prosperity  was  filled  with  doubts 
about  the  divine  origin  of  infant  baptism,  and 
months  after,  when  he  declared  himself  a  Baptist, 
it  produced  a  great  commotion.  A  Baptist  church 
was  then  organized  of  85  members,  and  Mr.  Mer- 
rill was  ordained  as  its  pastor.  He  continued  in 
this  field  till  1814,  when  he  took  charge  of  a  church 
in  Nottingham,  N.  II.,  in  which  he  remained  seven 
years.  He  returned  to  Sedgwick  and  again  enjoyed 
extensive  revivals,  until  his  death,  in  June,  1833. 

Merrill,  Rev.  Eliphalet,  was  born  in  Stratham, 
N.  II.,  April  7,  1765.  His  name  is  intimately  as- 
sociattMl  with  that  of  Dr.  Samuel  Shepard,  who  was 
the   pastor  of   the  ciiurch   in   Brentwood,   N.   H. 


MERRILL 


786 


METCALF 


This  church  has  several  branches,  one  of  them 
being  in  Northwood.  Over  this  branch  Mr.  Mer- 
rill was  ordained  colleague  pastor  with  Dr.  Shepard 
in  1804,  and  for  thirty  years  he  was  the  minister 
of  this  branch  church.  lie  was  especially  useful  in 
revivals,  and  made  many  missionary  tours,  preach- 
ing the  gospel  and  gathering  a  large  number  of 
converts  into  the  churches  of  New  Hampshire.  He 
died  in  Northwood,  Feb.  7,  1853. 

Merrill,  Rev.  Thomas  W. — A  graduate  in  the 
first  class  that  took  its  full  course  in  Waterville 
College,  and  of  one  of  the  earliest  classes  at  New- 
ton ;  commenced  missionary  work  in  Michigan  in 
May,  1829.  He  was  the  son  of  Rev.  Daniel  Mer- 
rill, of  Maine,  who,  when  a  Congregational  pastor, 
was  converted  to  Baptist  sentiments,  and  baptized 
by  Dr.  Baldwin,  and  who  was  followed  by  a  large  part 
of  his  church.  It  was  the  mission  of  the  son  to 
lead  in  the  commencement  and  establisbinent  of  the 
educational  work  of  the  denomination  in  Michigan. 
After  teaching  in  Ann  Arbor  and  Schoolcraft,  he 
enlisted  the  co-operation  of  others  and  gained  the 
charter  of  what  is  now  Kalamazoo  College  in  1833. 
From  that  time  until  his  death,  in  1878,  he  devoted 
his  life  largely  to  the  cause  of  education,  perform- 
ing gratuitous  agency  service,  and  consecrating  the 
accumulations  of  his  life  t&  the  endowment  of  the 
institution.     This  is  his  monument. 

Merritt,  Rev.  W.  H,,  was  bom  in  Chatham 
Co.,  N.  C,  in  February,  1779;  professed  faith  in 
Christ  in  1801,  and  began  to  pi-each  in  1824.  He 
died  July  3,  1850,  and  left  §1000  for  the  erection 
of  a  Baptist  church  at  Chapel  Hill,  and  $2000  to 
Wake  Forest  College  to  be  appropriated  to  the 
education  of  young  ministers. 

Merry,  Rev.  N.  G.,  was  born  in  Christian  Co., 
Ky.,  July  10,  1824;  removed  from  Kentucky  to 
Tennessee  in  182G,  where  he  lived  until  1836, 
when  he  returned  to  Kentucky,  and  remained 
there  until  1840.  On  the  15tii  day  of  May  of  that 
year  his  mistress  died,,  and  he  \vas  brought  ag.ain 
to  Tennessee,  wliere  he  has  lived  ever  since.  He 
removed  to  Nashville,  and  resides  there  at  this 
time.  He  was  converted,  and  Nov.  1,  1845,  he  was 
baptized  in  the  Cumberland  River  by  Dr.  R.  B.  C. 
Howell.  From  his  conversion  he  was  impressed 
that  he  must  preach  the  gospel.  He  commenced, 
although  with  great  fear  and  trembling,  to  exhort. 
He  tried  to  shrink  from  duty,  but  the  more  he 
tried  the  more  forcil)le  became  the  conviction  that 
of  necessity  he  must  preach.  In  March,  1853,  he 
received  a  license  to  fill  the  pulpit  of  the  colored 
brandi  of  the  First  Baptist  church.  A  request  was 
made  for  his  ordination,  and  a  council  was  called 
on  the  29th  of  November,  1853,  which  set  him 
apart  to  the  Cliristian  iniiiistry.  Rev.  S.  Bakor, 
D.D.,  delivered  the  ordination  sermon.  Since  tluMi 
he   has    preached    to    the   First   Colored  Baptist 


chui'ch  successfully.  He  began  with  100  mem- 
bers;  the  church  now  numbers  2300.  During 
this  time  he  has  organized  13  churches.  He  has 
had  occasion  to  build  four  times  for  his  congrega- 
tion. The  present  church  cost  §26,000,  and  will 
seat  about  1300  persons.  The  lal)ors  of  Brother 
Merry  have  been  wonderfully  blessed  of  the  Lord. 
His  influence  for  good  is  wide-spread. 

Messer,  Asa,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  the  third  president 
of  Brown  University,  was  born  in  Methuen,  Mass., 
in  1769.  He  graduated  from  Brown  University  in 
1790.  He  was  a  tutor  in  the  college  for  six  years. 
In  1801  he  was  publicl}'  ordained  as  a  minister  of 
the  gospel.  Upon  the  resignation  of  President 
Maxcy  he  was  elected  to  fill  his  place.  He  re- 
signed his  office  in  1826,  after  having  been  con- 
nected with  the  university  as  student  and  officer 
nearly  forty  years.  His  death  occurred  at  Provi- 
dence, Oct.  11,  1836. 

The  estimate  in  which  President  Messer  was 
held  as  a  man  of  scholarly  attainments  may  be  in- 
ferred from  the  fact  that  his  own  university  con- 
ferred upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity  in  1806,  and  Harvard  University  in  1820. 
In  1812  the  University  of  Vermont  conferred  upon 
him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws. 

His  published  writings  are  discourses  delivered 
on  different  occasions  ^svhen  he  was  called  upon  to 
officiate,  on  account  of  his  position  and  his  repu- 
tation. 

Prof.  Park  and  Hon.  W.  L.  Jlarcy  have  left  on 
record  testimony  to  the  ability  and  the  peculiar- 
ities in  the  character  of  President  Messer,  which 
no  one  can  read  without  reaching  the  conclusion 
that  he  was  a  man  of  mark  in  the  community  in 
which  he  lived. 

Metcalf,  Rev.  Whitman,  was  born  in  Royal- 
ston,  'Mass.,  Nov.  16,  1797.  At  an  early  age  he 
was  the  subject  of  serious  convictions,  and  devoted 
himself  to  the  Lord.  It  was  the  desire  of  his  heart 
that  the  Lord  would  honor  him  by  calling  him  to 
the  work  of  the  ministry.  But  it  was  not  until 
June,  1821,  that  he  preached  Iiis  first  sermon  by 
appointment  of  the  Royalston  church.  The  result 
was  a  license  to  preach,  which  he  did  as  oppor- 
tunity offered,  pursuing  his  studies  at  Amherst  and 
Watejville  meanwhile.  In  September,  1825.  he 
was  oi'daincd,  and  sent  out  by  the  Baptist  Jlission- 
ary  Society  of  Massachusetts  to  preach  as  their  mis- 
sionary in  "Western  Now  York.  He  was  soon  rec- 
ognized as  a  leader  of  the  new  interests  in  the 
western  counties  of  New  York,  and  his  services 
were  sought  far  and  near  in  establishing  and  fos- 
tering churches.  He  spent  six  years  in  Sardinia, 
Erie  Co..  building  up  not  only  the  church  there 
l)ut  other  flourishing  cliurehes  in  neighboring 
towns. 

Tlie  next  five  years  he  gave  to  the  church  in 


MICHIGAN 


787 


MICHIGAN 


Albion,  when  he  returned  to  Sardinia  for  three 
years.  He  was  then  appointed  by  the  New  York 
State  Convention  as  their  financial  secretary,  in 
which  service  he  remained  for  three  years.  From 
1844  to  1848  he  served  the  church  in  Brockport, 
when  he  was  again  called  from  the  pastorate  by 
the  New  York  Baptist  Education  Society  to  assist 
for  one  year  in  raising  funds  for  her  beneficiaries. 
At  the  close  of  this  years  service  he  was  employed 
for  one  year  by  the  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society  for  New  England,  when  he  was  called  to  the 
church  in  Springville,  which  he  served  from  1S50 
to  1854,  and  then  removed  to  Nunda,  where  he 
preached  with  his  wonted  power  and  success  until 
1863,  when  the  infirmities  of  age  compelled  him  to  re- 
tire from  pastoral  work.  lie  resided  here,  however, 
until  his  death,  which  occurred  Nov.  7,  1877.  He 
lived  an  eventful  life,  as  a  missionary,  a  pastor, 
and  a  builder  of  churches.  lie  came  to  the  close 
of  his  earthly  career  in  full  age,  seeing  many  com- 
munities bearing  the  precious  fruits  of  his  prayers 
and  toils,  and  loved  and  lamented  by  a  host  of 
friends. 

Michigan,  The  Baptists  of.— The  earliest 
trace  of  Baptists  in  the  Territory  of  Michigan  is 
found  in  Oakland  County,  in  1818,  where  the  city 
of  Pontiac  now  stands.  Orison  Allen  and  his  wife 
are  the  first  names  that  appear.  In  their  hands 
our  denominational  flag  seems  to  have  been  brought 
into  the  Territory,  and  over  their  rude  cabin  that 
symbol  of  our  faith  and  love  was  first  displayed. 
Others  of  the  same  faith  accompanied  this  honored 
pair,  and  united  with  them  in  efforts  to  serve  the 
same  blessed  Master. 

After  four  years,  during  which  these  brethren 
and  sisters  on  this  wild  shore  must  have  often,  like 
the  man  of  Macedonia,  turned  wistful  looks  and 
pleading  calls  to  tlie  ministers  and  churches  across 
the  lakes  for  some  one  to  come  over  and  help  them, 
the  Paul  came  over.  Rev.  Elon  Galusha  was  that 
Paul.  lie  was  the  ardent  and  gifted  missionary 
of  the  New  York  Ba))tist  Convention.  Brother 
Galusha  reached  Pontiac  on  an  itinerant  mission 
in  1822.  Hero  lie  preached  in  the  wilderness,  and 
led  in  the  organization  of  the  first  Baptist  church 
of  the  Territory. 

The  population  of  Michigan,  when  our  first 
church  was  planted  in  it,  was  about  9000.  Detroit 
was  a  muddy  village  of  some  1.500  inhabitants, 
among  whom,  if  there  was  a  Baptist,  as  doubtless 
there  was,  his  or  her  memorial  has  perished. 

The  first  resident  Baptist  preacher  that  we  learn 
of  in  the  Territory  was  Lemuel  Taylor,  who  settled 
at  Stony  Creek,  in  Oakland  County.  He  held  the 
deacon's  office,  and  preached  as  a  licentiate,  never 
desiring  ordination.  He  was  a  good  and  useful 
man,  the  head  of  a  large  family,  for  whom  his 
hands  were  diligent,  utnl  wli  >  perpetuated  his  use- 


fulness by  their  own  worth  in  the  churches.  As 
far  as  in  him  lay  he  preached  the  gospel  to  his 
neighbors  and  in  the  settlements  around,  seeking 
earnestly  to  plant  the  virgin  soil  with  true  religion 
and  the  true  church. 

The  church  at  this  place — Stony  Creek — was  tlie 
second  one  formed  in  Michigan.  Rev.  Nehemiali 
Lamb  and  his  sons.  Revs.  C.  A.  and  R.  P.  Lamb, 
visiting  Pontiac  in  June,  1824,  and  breaking  bread 
to  the  shepherdless  flock,  organized  the  brethren  at 
Stony  Creek  into  a  church. 

The  first  ordained  minister  who  settled  as  pastor 
in  our  Territory  was  Elkanah  Comstock.  As  mis- 
sionary of  the  New  York  Convention  he  volunteered 
for  this  remote  and  solitary  service,  and  took  charge 
of  the  church  in  Pontiac  in  the  summer  of  1824. 

In  connection  with  the  labors  of  Elder  Comstock 
a  church  was  constituted  at  Troy  in  1825,  and  an- 
other at  Farmington  in  1826,  making  four  churches 
in  the  Territory,  all  in  Oakland  County. 

The  Michigan  Baptist  Association  was  formed 
in  1826  of  the  above  four  churches,  with  their  two 
or  three  ordained  ministers. 

The  second  pastor  that  we  learn  of  was  Rev. 
John  Buttolph,  who  was  settled  in  Troy  in  1826. 
He  died  with  this  church  the  same  year.  His 
memory  was  long  perpetuated  as  that  of  a  loved 
and  successful  pastor,  a  character  that  was  repro- 
duced in  his  son,  also  one  of  the  early  ministers  in 
the  State,  who  died  while  yet  young,  and  sleeps  by 
his  father's  side  in  Troy. 

In  Detroit,  the  year  1826  set  the  Baptist  elements 
astir,  and  while  they  were  moving  towards  se- 
curing preaching.  Brother  Henry  Davis,  in  his 
studies  at  Hamilton,  was  feeling  strong  impressions 
impelling  him  to  attempt  missionary  work  in  their 
city.  Accordingly,  in  the  summer  of  this  year,  he 
visited  Detroit  for  exploration,  and  became  inter- 
ested in  its  few  Baptists.  The  next  season  (1827) 
we  find  him  early  on  the  ground  with  the  wife  who 
had  given  herself  to  share  his  life  and  work.  Meet- 
ings were  established  in  the  academy,  and  soon  bap- 
tisms were  drawing  the  interested  people  to  the 
great  river-side  to  see  the  new  spectacle.  The 
church  having  formed  under  covenant,  was  ap- 
proved by  council  of  recognition,  Oct.  20,  1827. 
No  minister  of  the  Territory  was  present.  The 
New  York  Baptist  Convention  stood  nurse  to  the 
babe,  Elisha  Tucker,  of  Fredonia,  presiding  and 
preaching,  .Jairus  Handy,  of  BuBiilo,  giving  the 
hand  of  fellowship,  and  Asahel  Morse,  of  Ohio, 
the  charge. 

Brother  Davis,  as  pastor,  addressed  him-self  with 
enterprise  to  the  building  up  of  the  interest.  Under 
his  leadership,  and  with  the  friendly  .sympathy  and 
co-operation  of  Gov.  Cass,  the  grant  was  secured  of 
the  valuable  lots,  so  long,  occupied,  on  the  corner 
of  Fort  and  Griswold  Streets.     But  sickness  seized 


MICHIGAN 


788 


MICHIGAN 


and  disabled  the  young  pastor,  compelling  him  to 
abandon  his  Western  work  before  a  year  of  it  was 
finished. 

The  next  tributary  to  Baptist  influence  in  Michi- 
gan had  its  rise  in  the  coming  of  Thomas  W'.  Mer- 
rill to  this  as  his  adopted  field  of  pioneer  work.  He 
entered  the  Territory  in  May,  1829,  and  enjoyed 
the  longest  ministerial  life  in  the  State  which  our 
entire  ministry  presents.  He  was  from  the  State 
of  Maine,  where  his  father,  a  Congregational  min- 
ister, turned  a  piece  of  the  world  upside  down  by 
becoming  a  Baptist,  and  by  treating  his  church  as 
"  a  cake  not  turned,"  an  "  Ephraim  who  had  mixed 
himself  among  the  people."  Thomas  had  gradu- 
ated at  "Waterville  College  and  Newton  Theological 
Seminary.  Taking  his  appointment  "  not  from 
men  nor  through  man,"  he  started  at  his  gradua- 
tion from  the  seminary,  and  made  his  way  to  Michi- 
gan at  the  date  aforesaid.  • 

It  was  his  mission,  as  he  had  conceived  it,  and 
as  the  event  has  proved,  to  start  and  aid  in  rearing 
the  Michigan  Baptist  Institution  of  Christian  and 
Ministerial  Learning,  the  history  of  which  is  de- 
tailed in  another  paper. 

Looking  across  the  Territory  there  is  one  other 
quarter  in  which  light  was  newly  breaking  at  this 
date,  showing  that  torch-bearers  were  there  setting 
the  fires.  It  is  at  the  southwest  corner,  and  it  re- 
veals Rev.  Jacob  Price  in  Cass  County.  He  en- 
tered there  from  Wales  in  1831  or  1832,  having 
been  furthei'ed  on  his  way  by  Dr.  Cone  and  others 
in  New  York.  A  Brother  Miller,  from  Virginia, 
was  also  working  along  the  Indiana  border,  adjoin- 
ing Brother  Price's  field  ;  and  Brother  H.  J.  Hall, 
from  Vei'mont,  was  the  same  year  sent  as  a  mis- 
sionary into  that  vicinity,  and  labored  with  Brother 
Price  happily,  and  with  some  cheering  ingatherings 
of  souls  churches  were  formed  at  Liberty,  Lagrange, 
Niles,  Edwardsburg,  and  perhaps  over  the  Indiana 
line. 

Elder  Price  was  the  -unremitting  toiler  on  that 
field  for  forty  years.  He  was  benevolence  and 
work  personified.  God  anointed  him  with  the  Holy 
Spirit,  and  he  went  about  doing  good.  Ilis  kindly 
countenance  was  the  first  preacher's  face  seen  in  the 
cabin  doors  of  the  new  settlers  over  a  large  portion 
of  Southwestern  Michigan.  Under  him  numei'ous 
churches  rose  up,  and  by  his  wise  counsels  and 
Christ-like  spirit  they  guided  their  affairs  with  dis- 
cretion. One  generation  after  another  saw  his 
familiar  appearance  passing  along  the  roads  to  his 
scattered  preaching-places,  and  leading  the  funeral 
processions  of  many  surrounding  towns;  and  then 
"he  was  not,  for  God  took  him." 

At  Conistock,  the  mother  of  all  the  churches  in 
the  Kalamazoo  River  Association  was  formed  by 
Brother  Merrill,  Judge  J^ldred,  and  others.  It  is 
now  the  Galesburg  church. 


In  1831  the  churches  associated  in  organizing 
the  Michigan  Baptist  Domestic  Mission  Society, 
which  kept  up  its  annual  meetings,  inspired  the  for- 
mation of  auxiliaries  in  all  the  churches,  solicited 
and  appropriated  funds,  and  was  in  fact  what  later 
took  the  name  and  form  of  the  State  Convention. 
Foreign  missions  were  alike-  cared  for,  and  Chris- 
tian education.  Tract  circulation  was  also  organ- 
ized and  urged  with  intelligent  liberality  and  per- 
sonal labor  from  the  first. 

In  1832  there  were  twenty  churches  in  the  Ter- 
ritory and  twelve  pastors. 

Rev.  Robert  TurnbuU  became  pastor  in  Detroit 
in  November,  1834,  soon  after  which  time  the 
church  dedicated  their  permanent  house  of  worship. 
During  the  two  and  a  half  years  of  this  pastorate 
our  cause  in  Detroit  advanced  well. 

At  Kalamazoo  and  vicinity,  in  1835,  Rev.  Jere- 
miah Hall  commenced  preaching,  and  the  church 
was  formed  the  ensuing  February.  He  labored 
as  pastor  eight  years  with  discretion  and  faith- 
fulness, and  the  church  became  a  steady  and  cen- 
tral light.  The  Literaiy  Institute  fixed  there  its 
permanent  location,  and  began  its  school-life. 

At  Schoolcraft,  Rev.  William  Taylor  was  set- 
ting on  the  candlestick  that  pure  and  beneficent 
light  which  shone  there  in  such  blessing  while  he 
lived;  ay,  and  is  phosphorescent  from  his  grave 
there  yet,  though  the  storms  of  more  than  twenty 
years  have  drenched  it. 

Under  these  laborers  and  their  co-workers  in  the 
churches  our  growth  spread  widely.  The  second 
Association  was  called  for  and  formed  in  1833  or 
1834,  bearing  then  the  name  of  Lagrange,  but  now 
the  St.  Joseph  River.  And  tlie  third,  first  called 
the  river  Raisin,  now  the  Washtenaw  Association, 
was  formed  on  the  14th  of  January,  1835. 

Now  came  the  building  and  launching  of  the 
Baptist  Convention  of  the  State  of  Michigan ;  for 
Michigan  was  becoming  a  State  just  in  time  to 
allow  this  name.  The  story  of  its  organization  and 
growth  is  reserved  for  another  article. 

Of  the  number  of  churches  and  members  in  the 
State  at  the  date  of  the  Convention's  formation  we 
can  only  have  approximate  knowledge.  We  judge 
there  were  about  35  churches  and  nearly  2000 
membprs. 

A  large  number  of  ministers  came  in  or  were 
raised  up  in  the  churches  from  1836  to  1840: 
Brethren  AVeaver,  Curtiss,  Hamlin,  J.  Harris,  N. 
G.  Chase,  M.  Allen,  L.  H.  Moore,  G.  B.  Day,  0.  C. 
Comstock,  Fulton,  Hendee,  Pennell,  Rummerey, 
Wisner,  Piper,  and  others.  The  American  Baptist 
Home  Mission  Society  came  promptly  on  the  field 
at  its  origin  in  1842,  and  has  been  at  the  front  ever 
since.  Almost  all  the  churches,  both  older  and 
newer,  have  felt  its  ready  and  steady  hand  of  help 
in  their  time  of  need. 


MICHIGAN 


789 


MICHIGAN 


In  all  their  efforts,  and  in  general  co-operation 
with  missionary,  Bible,  and  other  causes,  there  has 
been  remarkable  freedom  from  partisan  divisions 
and  strifes  in  the  churches.  Associations,  and  Con- 
ventions. The  Baptists  of  Michigan  have  been 
a  homogeneous  people,  respectful  towards  each 
other's  opinions  and  modes  of  action,  and  deter- 
mined that  no  incompatibility  should  divorce  what 
God  had  joined  together. 

The  largest  number  of  baptisms  in  a  year  was 
in  1876,  when  it  lacked  ))ut  little  of  3000.  The 
average  for  fifteen  years  is  a  little  over  1400. 
Membership,  27,0(54.  Nunilxu-  of  churches,  341, 
constituting  eighteen  Associations.  For  benevo- 
lent objects  of  all  kinds,  not  including  what  has 
been  done  by  contributors  for  their  own  local 
churches,  they  must  have  given  not  less  than 
.$000,000,  all  of  it  in  comparatively  small  sums, — 
the  drops  that  make  the  ocean. 

Michigan,  The  Baptist  Convention  of  the 

State  of. — The  oldest  Baptist  church  in  Michigan 
— that  in  Pontiac — was  formed  in  1822.  The  first 
ordained  Baptist  minister  residing  in  the  State  en- 
tered it  in  1824.  The  first  Association  was  organ- 
ized in  1827,  but  no  general  convention  of  the 
Baptists  in  the  State  was  attempted  till  1836.  In 
that  year  a  call  was  issued  to  the  churches  to  send 
delegates  to  Detroit  for  a  State  organization,  and  in 
response  to  the  call  26  churches  were  represented 
by  55  delegates  in  Detroit  on  the  31st  of  August. 
Dr.  Natlianicl  Kendrick,  Archibald  Maclay,  Elon 
Galusha,  Elisha  Tucker,  and  eight  others,  not  resi- 
dents of  the  State,  were  present,  and  invited  to  aid 
the  delegates  in  their  work. 

The  plan  of  organization  then  adopted  was  almost 
exactly  the  same  as  that  now  in  use,  after  an  ex- 
perience of  forty-throe  years.  The  design  of  the 
Convention  was  declared  to  be  "  to  carry  out  the 
commission  of  Christ  in  giving  the  gospel  to  every 
creature  ;  by  multiplying  and  circulating  copies  of 
the  Holy  Scriptures;  aiding  home  and  foreign  mis- 
sions ;  encouraging  Sabbath-school  instruction ; 
promoting  the  circulation  of  religious  tracts;  and 
the  cause  of  education,  especially  that  of  the  rising 
ministry."  The  constitution  further  provided  that 
the  objects  contemplated  by  the  Convention  "  shall 
be  classed  in  the  following  order:  Bible  efforts; 
home  missions ;  foreign  missions  ;  education  ;  gen- 
eral benevolence  ;  and  e.ach  of  the  foregoing  objects 
respectively  shall  be  assigned  to  a  specific  committee 
appointed  by  the  Board  of  Managers.'' 

How  little  change  has  been  introduced  into  the 
general  plan  of  organization  after  nearly  half  a 
century  will  appear  from  the  following  statement 
of  the  present  plan  of  work,  contained  in  the  by- 
laws as  last  printed  : 

"  The  board,  at  its  first  meeting  after  its  elec- 
tion, shall  appoint  special  boards,  consisting  of  not 


less  than  five,  nor  more  than  nine  members,  as  fol- 
lows : 

"  1.  The  Board  of  State  Missions. 

"  2.  The  Board  of  Christian  and  Ministerial  Edu- 
cation. 

"  3.  The  Board  of  Foreign  IMissions. 

"4.  The  Board  of  Bible  Publication  and  Sun- 
day-school work. 

"  5.  The  Board  of  Home  Missions. 

"  These  special  boards  shall  be  regarded  as  co- 
operative respectively  with  the  general  societies  of 
the  Baptist  denomination  for  the  same  objects." 

As  a  result  of  this  organization  the  American  Bap- 
tist Missionary  Union,  and  the  American  Baptist 
Home  Mission  Society,  and  the  American  Baptist 
Publication  Society,  have  at  their  service  organ- 
ized committees  to  commend  their  interest  to  the 
churches  of  the  State,  while  other  committees  are 
intrusted  with  the  care  of  new  and  feeble  churches, 
and  with  the  duty  of  aiding  young  men  whom  God 
has  called  to  prepare  for  the  gospel  ministry.  At 
each  annual  meeting  these  subjects  come  up  in 
turn  for  consideration,  not  as  intruders,  nor  simply 
as  welcome  visitors,  but  as  the  very  interests  which 
the  Convention  was  organized  to  serve. 

At  the  first  election  of  officers,  Rev.  Robert  Pow- 
ell was  chosen  president,  and  Rev.  Robert  Turnbull 
secretary,  and  the  Convention  entered  on  its  work 
with  hopeful  zeal. 

Among  the  objects  for  which  the  Convention  was 
formed  State  missions  have  naturally  occupied  a 
prominent  place,  both  because  the  demand  for  mis- 
sionary work  in  the  State  has  been  great  and  con- 
stant, and  because  in  this  work  the  board  was  not 
auxiliary  to  any  broader  organization,  but  respon- 
sible for  the  whole  direction  and  accomplishment 
of  the  enterprise.  For  a  few  years  it  co-operated 
with  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society 
in  the  care  of  the  churches  in  the  State,  as  was  the 
case  in  other  States,  but  in  1875  returned  to  the 
former  plan  of  separate  control.  A  large  propor- 
tion of  the  ablest  and  largest  churches  in  the  State 
have  been  fostered  by  the  Convention,  and  are  now 
glad  to  recognize  their  indebtedness. 

A  second  branch  of  the  Convention's  work  is 
that  of  Christian  and  ministerial  education.  At 
the  organization  of  the  Convention  appreciative 
recognition  was  made  of  the  institution  at  Kala- 
mazoo, and  the  policy  was  indicated  of  iiaving  a 
college  with  full  powers.  Funds  also  were  then 
proposed  for  theological  education.  In  1837  a  the- 
ological school  was  resolved  upon.  Funds  for  ben- 
eficiaries were  raised  and  appropriated  to  students 
at  Hamilton. 

In  1846  the  establishment  of  a  theological  semi- 
nary was  determined,  grounds  were  purchased  in 
Kalamazoo,  and  preparations  were  made  for  build- 
ing.    The  seminary  was  not,  and  never  became,  a 


MICHIGAN 


790 


MIDDLEDITCH 


separate  corporation,  but  was  directly  controlled  by 
the  Convention,  which  owned  the  property,  and  by 
its  board  governed  the  institution.  Prof.  James  A. 
B.  Stone,  pastor  at  Kalamazoo,  and  principal  of 
the  institute,  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  work  in 
the  beginning,  and  retained  this  place  for  seventeen 
years.  Instruction  began  in  1849,  and  Rev.  Sam- 
uel Graves  was  added  to  the  faculty  in  1851.  After 
the  institute  became  Kalamazoo  College,  its  pro- 
fessors taught  in  the  seminary  as  occasion  required. 
In  1866,  Dr.  Silas  Bailey  became  the  principal 
teacher  in  the  seminary,  and  remained  in  this  ser- 
vice till  the  fall  of  1869,  when  the  failure  of  his 
health  compelled  him  to  retire  from  all  severe  labor. 
The  funds  of  the  Convention  for  the  support  of  the 
seminary  had  never  been  adequate,  and  after  the 
retirement  of  Dr.  Bailey,  the  seminary  at  Chicago 
having  been  established,  it  was  thought  not  to 
provide  at  present  for  distinctively  theological  edu- 
cation. Meanwhile  the  funds  of  the  Convention 
which  were  given  for  ministerial  education  are 
sacredly  kept  for  that  purpose,  and  the  income  is 
appropriated  in  aiding  young  men  in  their  prepa- 
ration for  the  ministry.  While  the  seminary  was 
maintained  between  50and  60  students  passed  from 
its  studies  into  the  ministry. 

In  1869,  Rev.  Thomas  W.  Merrill  offered  to  the 
Convention  the  sum  of  $8000  for  the  support  of  a 
professor  in  Kalamazoo  College,  who  must  be  a 
Baptist  minister  and  serve  as  college  pastor.  The 
original  endowment  was  to  remain  on  interest  till 
it  should  amount  to  |10,000.  .  In  1874  the  same 
brother  proposed  to  add  $14,000  to  a  previous  gift 
of  §1000,  for  the  endowment  of  scholarships  in 
Kalamazoo  College,  this  addition  to  become  avail- 
able in  1880  or  at  his  death.  These  endowments 
are  not  at  present  available,  as  the  notes  in  which 
Mr.  Merrill  made  payment  are  not  now  paying 
interest.  For  one  year,  however.  Rev.  Dr.  N.  S. 
Burton  served  in  the  Merrill  Professorship.  The 
funds  now  in  possession  of  the  Convention  for  edu- 
cational purposes,  besides  the  Merrill  endowments, 
are  about  $6000.  The  Convention  also  owns  the 
grounds  on  which  the  upper  buildings  of  Kalama- 
zoo College  are  situated,  worth  about  $60,000. 

Another  enterprise  of  the  Convention  was  the 
establishment  of  a  weekly  religious  paper.  Con- 
templated in  the  origin  of  the  Convention,  and 
agitated  at  each  of  the  annual  meetings  for  six 
years,  it  was  undertaken  at  the  meeting  in  1841, 
and  the  first  number  was  issued  in  January,  1842, 
bearing  the  name  of  the  Micliigan  Christian  Her- 
ald. It  was  put  in  charge  of  a  committee,  of  which 
Rev.  Andrew  Tenl)rook,  pastor  in  Detroit,  acted  as 
editor,  and  R.  C.  Smith  and  S.  N.  Kendrick  as  pub- 
lishers. The  second  year  Rev.  Miles  Sanford  per- 
formed editorial  work.  After  Prof.  Tenbrook  was 
called  to  the  university,  Rev.  J.  Inglis  succeeding 


him  as  pastor,  also  filled  the  editorial  chair.  AVith 
the  year  1848  began  Rev.  Marvin  Allen's  propri- 
etorship of  the  paper,  and  Rev.  Geo.  W.  Harris 
assumed  editorial  care  of  it.  Thence  to  the  death 
of  Mr.  Allen,  in  1861,  these  co-laborers  supplied 
the  State  with  the.  Herald.  The  editor  gave  emi- 
nent satisfaction  in  his  department,  and  the  pub- 
lisher threw  his  tireless  zeal  and  rare  executive 
abilities  without  reserve  into  the  enterprise.  On 
the  death  of  Mr.  Allen  it  was  difiicult  to  find  a  man 
ready  to  do  his  work.  The  orphaned  Herald  was 
taken  up  in  Kalamazoo  by  Brethren  Olney,  Curtiss, 
Walden,  Clark,  and  Cadnian,  and  continued  to 
serve  the  churches  well  but  its  publishers  ill.  In 
1867  it  was  deemed  expedient  to  consolidate  the 
Hen-aid  with  the  Christian  Times,  of  Chicago,  and 
the  Witness,  of  Indianapolis,  under  the  name  of 
the  Standard,  which  has  since  been  published  in 
Chicago. 

The  publication  of  a  weekly  Baptist  paper  for 
Michigan  was,  however,  commenced  again  in  Jan- 
uary, 1873,  not  by  the  Convention,  but  by  Rev.  L. 
H.  Trowbridge  as  both  publisher  and  editor.  This 
paper,  which  bears  the  name  of  the  Christian  Her- 
ald, is  issued  from  Detroit,  and  has  had  a  con- 
stantly increasing  circulation  and  a  continuous 
growth  in  power  among  the  churches  till  now. 

Most  of  the  influenoe  which  the  Convention  has 
exerted  has  not  been  of  a  nature  to  be  easily  stated. 
It  has  produced  unity  of  action  among  the  churches, 
has  steadily  aided  in  the  collection  of  funds  for 
foreign  missions,  home  missions,  and  the  circula- 
tion of  religious  books,  has  provided  for  the  support 
of  candidates  for  the  ministry,  and  has  collected 
and  published  statistics  of  the  denomination  in 
Michigan.  The  meetings  from  the  very  beginning 
have  been  characterized  by  harmony  and  an  earnest 
desir^  to  serve  the  interests  of  Christ's  kingdom. 

In  Michigan  there  are  IS  Associations,  352 
churches,  307  ordained  ministers,  and  27,285  mem- 
bers. 

Middleditch,  Robert  T.,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Bedfordshire,  England,  .May  22,  1825.  His  father 
and  a  brother  were  Baptist  ministers.  He  became 
a  member  of  a  Baptist  church  at  sixteen  years  of 
age,  and  was  educated  at  an  English  seminary  for 
missionary  students,  and  in  1844  was  sent  as  a 
missionary  to  Jamaica,  West  Indies,  by  the  English 
Baptist  Jlissionary  Society. 

In  1846  he  came  to  the  United  States,  and  set- 
tled at  Lyons  Farms,  N.  J.,  where  he  was  ordained 
in  1848.  In  1850  he  settled  at  Red  Bank,  N.  J., 
where  he  remained  as  pastor  till  1867.  He  also 
served  the  churches  of  Nyack  and  Flushing,  N.  Y., 
as  pastor.  In  all  his  settlements  he  met  with  suc- 
cess. Since  1S72  he  has  been  associate  editor  of  the 
Bajytist  Weekly.  Ho  received  the  honorary  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  Madison  University. 


MIKELS 


791 


MILES 


lie  is  the  author  of  tliat  widely-circulated  work, 
"A  Pedobaptist  Churcii  no  Home  for  a  IJaptist ;" 
also  a  premium  mission  tract,  "  The  World's  Revo- 
lution," published  for  the  Southern  Baptist  Board; 
"A  Baptist  Church,  the  Christian's  Home,"  and 
"  Burmah's  Great  Missionary."  Several  sermons 
preached  by  him  have  been  published.  He  is  an 
able  and  industrious  writer  and  preacher,  as  his 
works  attest. 

Mikels,  Wm.  S.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Orange  Co., 
N.  Y.,  May  liS,  182U.  lie  was  graduated  from 
Madison  University  in  1843,  and  the  theological 
seminary  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  in  1845.  He  was 
ordained  pastor  of  tlie  Baptist  church  at  llondout, 
N.  Y.  After  four  years  of  service  he  then  settled 
in  Sing  Sing,  where  he  labored  six  years.  In  1856 
he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Sixteenth  Street 
Baptist  church,  New  York,  which  position  he  filled 
for  seventeen  years.  This  was  the  great  work  of 
bis  life.  It  was  a  continuous  revival,  and  many 
hundreds  were  added  to  the  church.  Dr.  Mikels 
is  a  plain,  earnest  speaker,  appealing  directly  to 
the  hearts  of  the  people.  As  a  friend  in  need,  a 
counselor  in  troulile,  and  as  a  peace-maker,  he  has 
few  equals.  For  some  years  he  has  been  the  pas- 
tor of  the  East  Baptist  church,  located  in  the 
Seventh  Ward. 

Miles,  Rev.  Edward,  was  born  in  the  arsenal 
at  Philadelphia,  Nov.  15,  1812;  baptized  in  Miles- 
burg,  Pa.,  Nov.  25,  1832;  ordained  at  Milesburg, 
May  15,  1837,  and  at  different  periods  served  the 
following  churches  in  Pennsylvania:  Alleghany, 
Meadville,  Frecport,  Loyalhannock,  Uniontown, 
Zion,  Kittanning,  New  Castle,  Brownsville,  and  Red 
Stone  in  Union  County.  June  4,  1852,  he  took 
charge  of  the  Second  church  in  Davenport,  Iowa, 
where  he  still  resides. 

Hiles,  Rev.  Frederick  W.,  was  bom  in  New 

Brunswick ;  was  a  graduate;  of  King's  College, 
Windsor,  Nova  Scotia,  and  was  converted  while  at- 
tending that  institution.  Subsequently  adopting 
Baptist  principles,  he  was  baptized.  He  was  for 
some  time  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  St.  John, 
New  Brunswick,  and  afterwards  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Fredericton,  New  Brunswick.  At  the 
opening  of  the  Baptist  seminary,  in  January,  1836, 
in  Fredericton,  Mr.  Miles  became  its  principal,  and 
so  continued  till,  to  the  regret  of  all,  sickness  com- 
pelled him  to  resign.  Enthusiastic  and  energetic 
in  his  work  in  the  seminary  and  in  the  gospel,  he 
had  the  entire  confidence  of  the  Baptist  denomina- 
tion, and  their  highest  commendation.  He  died 
February,  1842. 

MUes,  Rev.  George  Frederick,  was  born  in 

Mangerville,  New  Brunswick  ;  converted  and  bap- 
tized in  that  province ;  ordained  pastor  in  1846, 
and  has  been  pastor  at  St.  George,  Moncton,  and 
Sackville,  New  Brunswick,  and  also  at  Amherst, 


Nova  Scotia,  and  now  performs  a  vast  amount  of 
pastoral  and  missionary  work  in  Cumberland  and 
Colchester  Counties,  Nova  Scotia. 

Miles,  Rev.  John,  in  1662,  was  ejected  from  the 
living  of  llston,  in  Wales,  by  the  Act  of  Uniform- 
ity. Like  a  considerable  number  of  Baptists  in 
the  time  of  Cromwell's  protectorate  he  was  prob- 
ably pastor  of  a  Baptist  church,  and  officiated  as  a 
preacher  in  one  of  the  state  churches.  The  law,  in 
1662,  compelled  him  to  surrender  his  relations  to 
the  Establishment,  and  subjected  him  otherwise  to 
great  sufferings  if  he  would  carry  out  his  conscien- 
tious convictions.  He  had  been  a  very  active  and 
successful  Baptist  minister.  Backus  represents 
him  as  the  "  father  of  the  Baptist  churches  in 
Wales,  which  began  in  1649."  This  statement  re- 
quires some  modification,  but  it  is  certain  that  he 
was  exceedingly  useful  in  spreading  the  truth  in 
the  principality.  And  had  he  not  been  a  man  of 
strict  conscientiousness  he  would  have  retained  his 
living  in  the  national  church  and  sacrificed  his  re- 
ligious principles.     Many  followed  this  course. 

In  1663  he  and  his  Baptist  friends  of  Swansea, 
in  Wales,  came  to  Massachusetts,  and  located  at  a 
place  to  which  they  gave  the  name  of  their  old 
home.  They  brought  their  church  records  with 
them,  and  they  joined  together  "  in  a  solemn  cove- 
nant" (in  a  church  organization)  in  the  house  of 
John  Butterworth.  Mr.  jMiles  was  the  pastor  of 
the  American  Swanzey  church.  He  was  a  minis- 
ter of  great  industry  and  zeal,  and  of  fearless 
courage.  AVhen  the  Boston  brethren  sutfcred 
heavily  from  the  persecuting  laws  of  their  Puritan 
brethren,  Mr.  Miles  went  to  succor  them,  and 
give  such  counsel  and  encouragement  as  his  wide 
experience  would  readily  furnish.  He  stood  his 
ground  in  Swanzey  against  all  discouragements 
and  threatenings,  and  proved  himself  a  tower  of 
strength  to  the  abused  and  persecuted  Baptists. 
He  remained  the  pastor  of  Swanzey  till  his  death, 
in  1683. 

Mr.  Miles  was  distinguished  for  his  learning, 
and  remarkable  for  his  piety,  and  such  was  the 
blessed  influence  which  he  exerted,  and  the  deep 
impression  which  he  left,  that  Backus  writes  of 
him  in  1777,  nearly  a  hundred  years  after  his 
death,  "  his  memory  is  still  precious  among  us." 
And  Mather  is  compelled  to  place  him  and  Han- 
serd  Knollys  among  "some  godly  Anabaptists" 
who  came  from  England.  "  Both  of  these,"  he 
says,  "  have  a  respectful  character  in  the  churches 
of  this  wilderness." 

Miles,  Gen.  Samuel,  was  bom  at  White  Marsh, 
Montgomery  Co.,  Pa.,  1739.  His  grandfather,  one 
of  the  first  settlers  of  this  State,  was  a  native 
of  Wales.  In  his  sixteenth  year  Samuel  Miles 
joined  a  company  of  militia  which  was  ordered  to 
Northampton   County   to  defend   its    inhabitants 


MILES 


792 


MILLER 


from  hostile  Indians.  In  his  military  duties  he 
showed  such  skill  and  courage  that  the  governor  of 
the  colony,  in  1757,  sent  him  an._ensign's  commis- 
sion in  the  troops  of  Pennsylvania.     He  was  three 


GE>f.  SAMUEL    MILES. 

years  in  active  service,  during  which  he  was  ad- 
vanced to  the  command  of  a  company  ;  and  he  was 
only  once  slightly  wounded. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  he  married  Catharine, 
daughter  of  John  Wistar,  Esq.,  and  entered  upon 
housekeeping  and  commercial  pursuits  in  Philadel- 
phia. His  talents  and  industry  secured  for  him  such 
a  measure  of  prosperity  that  in  1774  he  retired 
from  business. 

When  the  Revolutionary  agitation  began  Capt. 
Miles  Avas  among  the-  first  to  -show  his  patriotic 
ardor.  In  1776  he  became  colonel  of  a  regiment  of 
riflemen,  formed  by  himself,  and  composed  of  his 
neighbors  and  friends.  This  body  of  brave  men, 
one  thousand  strong,  was  attached  to  the  regular 
army  under  Washington.  On  the  28th  of  August, 
1776,  he  fought  with  great  gallantry  at  the  battle 
of  Long  Island,  and  his  riflemen  showed  a  heroism 
worthy  of  the  glorious  cause  which  they  represented. 
But  the  army  of  freedom  was  not  equal  to  the  forces 
of  oppression,  and  for  the  time  being  they  were  com- 
pelled to  give  way.  With  Col.  Miles,  Gens.  Sul- 
livan and  Stirling,  and  eighty-one  other  oflicers  were 
captured.  During  his  imprisonment  he  was  made 
a  brigadier-general  for  distinguished  services  in  the 
field.  After  his  release  he  was  for  a  time  deputy 
quartermaster  of  the  American  army  for  the  State 
of  Pennsylvania.     His  military  services  were  of  the 


highest  importance  in  the  Revolutionary  struggle; 
and  his  patriotic  example  exerted  an  immense  in- 
fluence in  stirring  up  the  lukewarm,  and  in  putting 
the  disloyal  to  shame. 

After  the  conclusion  of  peace  he  was  elected 
mayor  of  Philadelphia,  a  position  which,  for  gen- 
erations, has  been  regarded  by  its  citizens  as  an 
honor  of  unusual  magnitude,  the  duties  of  which 
have ,  generally  been  discharged  by  distinguished 
men.  The  picture  of  Gen.  Miles  adorns  the  offipe 
of  the  chief  magistrate  of  Philadelphia  at  this  time, 
surrounded  by  the  portraits  of  his  predecessors  and 
successors;  and  his  biography  may  be  consulted  in 
the  archives  of  the  mayor's  office.  Gen.  Miles  was 
an  alderman  of  Philadelphia,  a  member  of  the 
Colonial  and  State  Legislatures,  and  a  judge  of  the 
Court  of  Errors  and  Appeals.  He  was  a  man 
whom  his  fellow-citizens  delighted  to  honor. 

In  1792  he  retired  again,  to  a  country-seat  in 
Montgomery  County.  Of  this  ^lace  President 
Manning,  of  Rhode  Island  College  (now  Brown 
Urtiversity),  says,  "Col.  Miles  has  a  most  elegant 
seat,  gardens,  meadows,  etc.,  and  a  most  remark- 
able spring,  which  turns  three  wheels  in  one-fourth 
of  a  mile  from  its  source.  I  spent  three  days  very 
agreeably"  (there).  In  that  beautiful  home,  in 
gratifying  refined  tastes,  and  in  extending  a  gen- 
erous hospitality  to  his  numerous  friends,  he  spent 
the  remainder  of  his  days.  He  died  Sept.  29,  1805, 
in  the  sixty-seventh  year  of  his  age. 

Gen.  Miles  was  a  zealous  Baptist,  and  a  warm 
friend  to  every  Baptist  interest.  A  lady,  a  relative 
of  the  general,  who  wrote  a  sketch  of  his  life  for 
The  Assemblif  s  Magazine  of  1806,  a  Presbyterian 
periodical,  says,  "A  Scotch  nobleman  was  once 
complimented  upon  the  number  of  offices  he  had 
filled  under  the  British  government,  each  of  which 
was  mentioned  to  him  ;  '  You  have  forgotten,'  said 
he,  '  to  mention  one  of  my  honors,  which  I  prize 
more  than  all  the  rest,  and  that  is  the  office  of  an 
elder  in  my  parish  church,  which  I  have  filled  for 
many  years.'  The  same  pre-eminence  in  ecclesias- 
tical over  civil  honors  was  possessed  by  Gen.  Miles 
for  many  years  in  the  Baptist  church  of  Philadel- 
phia." 

The  writer  means  that  the  general  was  a  Bap- 
tist (Jeacon,  and  that  he  esteemed  that  office  his 
chief  honor.  Grace  had  so  completely  moulded 
the  heart  and  character  of  Gen.  Miles,  that  an  in- 
timate friend  of  nearly  twenty  years'  standing 
"  had  never  once  seen  him  angry."  "  He  loved 
and  cherished  his  country  as  if  he  expected  to  live 
in  it  forever,  and  yet  he  served  his  God  as  if  he 
constantly  felt  that  he  was  a  stranger  in  this 
world,  and  that  his  citizenship  and  home  were  in 
heaven." 

Miller,  Rev.  Andrew  Jackson,  was  born  in 
Hardin  Co.,  Ky.,  Jan.  7,  1839.    He  was  educated 


MILLER 


793 


MILLER 


at  Madison  College,  Tenn.  ;  was  baptized  into  the 
fellowship  of  Mount  Zion  Baptist  church,  in  Ohio 
Co.,  Ky. ;  licensed  to  preach  in  1859,  and  was  or- 
dained at  Cool  Sprin}5  church,  in  the  same  county, 
in  1861.  lie  was  pastor  for  a  time  at  Henderson, 
Ky.  Afterwards  he  preached  several  years  at  Car- 
rollton,  Mo.  In  1X77  he  returned  to  Kentucky, 
and  took  charge  of  the  church  at  Clovcrport.  At 
present  he  is  pastor  of  Zion  church  in  Henderson 
County.  He  has  baptized  over  1000  persons,  and 
has  served  the  Henderson  County  Association  as 
moderator  during  the  last  three  years.  He  is  a 
brother  of  Rev.  Dr.  A.  B.  Miller,  of  Evansville, 
Ind.,  an  able  preacher  and  an  efficient  pastor. 

Miller,  D.  Henry,  D.D.,  was  born  in  the  Isle 
of  Jersey,  Oct.  31,  18127.  His  mother  was  the 
daughter  of  one  of  the  heroes  of  Bunker  Ilill.  His 
father  was  a  native  of  England.  On  the  death  of 
his  father  Mrs.  Miller  returned  to  Boston,  where 
her  son  received  his  first  training.  He  was  grad- 
uated from  the  Wesleyan  Institution  in  1845.  In 
1849  he  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  Madison 
University.  Soon  after  the  time  of  his  graduation 
he  embraced  the  views  of  the  Baptists,  and  was 
licensed  to  preach  by  the  Stanton  Street  Baptist 
church  in  New  York.  In  1847  he  was  ordained  as 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  North  Stonington, 
Conn.  In  1849  he  organized  a  church  of  seven 
members  under  an  old  elm-tree  in  Yonkers,  N.  Y., 
where  he  remained  until  1857.  In  that  year  he 
settled  in  Meriden,  Conn.,  and  in  1861  was  com- 
missioned as  chaplain  of  the  15tli  Regiment  Conn. 
Vols.  After  two  years  of  service  in  the  field,  he 
settled  as  pastor  of  the  First  Biiptist  church  of 
Trenton,  N.  J.  In  1866  he  received  the  degree  of 
D.D.  from  Lewisburg  University,  Pa.  In  1867  he 
accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Broad  Street  church 
of  Elizabeth,  N.  J.  In  1872  he  settled  with  the 
Worthcn  Street  church  in  Lowell,  Mass.,  and  in 
1873  accepted  a  call  from  the  Plymouth  church  in 
New  York.  In  1875  he  took  charge  of  the  Noble 
Street  church,  Brooklvn,  where  he  has  been  emi- 
nently successful. 

Dr.  Miller  succeeded  Rev.  Dr.  Dowling,  some 
years  since,  in  the  editorship  of  the  Baptist  Memo- 
rial, in  which  he  continued  for  several  years,  until 
its  sale  and  removal  from  New  York. 

Miller,  Rev.  Harvey,  son  of  Rev.  Samuel  Mil- 
ler (pastor  of  old  Wallingford  church,  and  first  pas- 
tor of  Meriden  church  in  1817),  was  born  in  Wal- 
lingford, Conn.,  April  3,  1814  ;  baptized  on  the  day 
he  was  seventeen  years  of  age  by  Rev.  Simon 
Shailer ;  soon  began  to  preach  ;  in  1832  entered 
Hamilton  Theological  and  Literary  Institution,  and 
remained  four  years ;  ordained  at  Ann  Arljor, 
Mich.,  Nov.  23,  1836;  returned  to  Connecticut  in 
1838,  and  became  pastor  of  Baptist  church  in  Mer- 
iden, where  he  successfully  labored  eighteen  years 
61 


till  his  death;  died  Aug.  27,  1856;  had  an  active 
and  quick  mind  ;  an  extensive  reader ;  often  quaint 
in  his  mode  of  expression  ;  laborious  worker  ;  real- 
ized excellent  results  in  his  ministry  ;  beloved  and 
honored. 

Miller,  Hon.  James,  was  born  in  West  Phila- 
del[)liia.  Pa.,  Oct.  22,  1S22;  was  baptized  into  the 
fellowship  of  the  Blocklcy  church,  Philadelphia, 
by  Rev.  Joseph  Ilammett,  Oct.  22, 1843.  He  soon 
after  became  one  of  the  constituent  members  of 
the  First  church.  West  Philadelphia;  but  subse- 
quently returned  to  the  Blockley  church,  where 
for  many  years  he  was  a  faithful  member,  an  hon- 
ored office-bearer,  and  an  efficient  Sunday-school 
superintendent.  In  1872  he  connected  himself 
with  the  Mantua  mission  interest  in  West  Phila- 
delphia, and  by  his  labors  and  benefactions  Largely 
aided  the  organization  and  growth  of  the  present 
Mantua  church.  He  was  prominently  identified 
with  the  establishment  of  the  Baptist  Home  of 
Philadelphia,  and  is  still  a  member  of  its  board  of 
trustees.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  board  of 
curators  of  the  university  at  Lewisburg,  and  is 
treasurer  of  the  Pennsylvania  Baptist  General  As- 
sociation and  the  Philadelphia  City  Mission.  In 
other  religious  and  secular  enterprises  he  is  offi- 
cially connected  with  the  management  of  important 
trusts.  For  several  years  he  was  editor  and  pro- 
prietor of  the  Philadelphia  Progress.  In  1864-65, 
and  again  in  1869-70,  he  was  chosen  to  represent 
his  fellow-citizens  in  the  Pennsylvania  State  Legis- 
lature. In  all  these  varied  and  responsible  posi- 
tions he  has  shown  himself  to  be  an  able  officer,  a 
wise  counselor,  an  upright  man,  and  a  consistent 
Christian.  He  was  especially  devoted  to  Sunday- 
school  work,  and  much  of  his  time  has  been  spent 
in  earnest  and  successful  efforts  to  so  address  him- 
self to  the  young  as  to  make  early  religious  impres- 
sions upon  their  hearts.  Of  those  whom  he  has 
thus  influenced  many  will  doubtless  shine  as  stars 
in  the  crown  of  his  rejoicing. 

Miller,  Rev.  John,  was  born  at  Voluntown, 
Conn.,  Feb.  3,  1775;  experienced  a  saving  change 
in  his  eighteenth  year ;  removed  to  Al)ington, 
Luzerne  Co.,  Pa.,  Feb.  IS,  1802.  Here  he  lived 
and  labored  until  his  decease,  Feb.  19,  1857,  in  his 
eighty-third  year.  His  wife  was  the  fifth  lady  in 
the  settlement.  On  the  18th  of  October,  1802,  the 
Al)ington  Baptist  church  was  recognized,  and  the 
same  day  he  was  ordained  as  its  pastor,  and  he 
served  them  with  singular  ability  and  success  until 
1853, — a  period  of  over  fifty  years.  But  service  in 
this  single  church  was  not  enough  to  satisfy  the 
longing  desires  of  his  heart.  "  He  cultivated  as 
his  field  the  northern  part  of  Luzerne  County, 
with  portions  of  Wyoming  and  Susquehanna 
Counties,  embracing  the  large  area  commencing 
on  the  summit    of  the   Moosie   Mountain   on  the 


MILLER 


794 


MILLER 


northeast,  and  extending  down  its  southwestern 
slope  over  the  Abington  hills,  and  beyond  tlie 
waters  of  the  Susquehanna."  TJie  immense  labor, 
required  for  the  work  could  not  easily  be  con- 
ceived, much  less  performed,  by  ministers  used  to 
the  ordinary  comforts  of  the  present  day.  Ben- 
ton, Blakely,  Clifford,  Carbondale,  Eaton,  Exeter, 
Newton,  Northmoreland,  Pittston,  Providence, 
Greenfield,  and  Tunkhannock  are  churches  located 
now  in  what  was  then  the  geographical  field  of 
this  hardy  missionary  and  pastor.  Such  were  the 
herculean  labors  of  this  man,  performed  without 
remuneration,  amid  winter's  cold  and  summer's 
heat,  on  foot  or  on  horseback,  in  dangers  seen 
and  unseen,  but  with  unfaltering  faith  and  glow- 
ing desire  to  fulfill  the  ministry  given  him  in 
the  dispensation  of  grace.  And  the  fruits  were 
more  abundant  than  the  labor.  He  baptized  not 
far  from  2000  converts,  attended  nearly  as  many 
funerals.  Six  whole  churches,  and  parts  of  six 
others,  the  results  of  his  .ministry,  h.ave  become 
independent  bodies ;  seven  preachers  of  the  gos- 
pel have  been  raised  up  in  the  one  church,  and 
an  influence  all-pervading  had  leavened  the  entire 
field. 

After  a  ministry  of  fifty-three  years  he  lingered 
for  a  few  weeks  in  great  pain,  but  was  calmly  re- 
leased, in  the  full  possession  of  his  mental  powers, 
on  Thursday,  Feb.  19,  1857., 

Miller,  Col.  John  Blount,  was  born  in  Charles- 
ton, S.  C,  on  the  16th  of  September,  1782.  lie 
studied  law  at  an  early  age,  and  was  the  first  notary 
public  ever  appointed  for  Sumter  County.  His  dili- 
gence and  accuracy  in  business  soon  gave  him  a 
large  and  lucrative  practice,  and  the  highest  re- 
spect of  the  bench  and  bar. 

He  joined  the  Baptist  church,  High  Hills  of 
Santee,  in  early  life,  and  his  devotion  as  a  Chris- 
tian was  even  greater  than  he  had  exhibited  in  his 
legal  profession. 

In  1817  he  was  appointed"  commissioner  and 
register  in  equity,  which  office  he  held  until  his 
death,  on  the  21st  of  October,  1851.  He  was  elected 
to  the  Legislature  in  the  next  winter,  and  re-elected 
for  each  term  while  he  lived. 

He  was  a  captain,  major,  and  lieutenant-colonel 
successively  in  the  war  of  1812.  Hence  the  title 
of  colonel,  l)y  which  he  was  ever  afterward  known. 

Miller,  Rev.  Manoah  D.,  of  Madison,  Wis., 

was  born  Feb.  15,  1811,  in  Elizabethtown,  N.  J. 
His  parents  were  Manoah  and  Elizabeth  Miller. 
They  were  Baptists,  and  their  Christian  lives  and 
example  made  a  deep  impression  on  him,  and  con- 
tributed largely  in  shaping  the  future  of  their  son. 
His  father  was  a  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
New  York.  In  early  life  he  obtained  a  hope  in 
Christ  and  united  with  the  Baptist  Clmrch.  lie 
completed  the  full  literary  and  theological  course 


of  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Institution. 
He  was  ordained  at  Monkton,  Yt.,  and  became  the 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  that  place.  He 
subsequently  served  as  pastor  the  churches  at 
Springfield,  Danville,  AVindham,  Wilmington,  and 
Addison,  in  Vermont.  He  received  the  honorary 
degree  of  A.M.  from  Middlcbury  College.  In 
January,  1853,  he  came  to  Madison,  Wis.,  which 
has  been  his  place  of  residence  since  that  time. 
AVhen  he  came  to  Madison  the  Baptist  churph 
there  had  no  church  edifice.  He  at  once  led  the 
church  in  the  work  of  building,  and  succeeded  in 
enlislting  the  city  generally  in  the  movement  to 
such  an  extent  as  to  secure  the  best  edifice  for  the 
clmrch,  and  the  most  centrally  located  of  any  in 
the  place.  He  was  in  that  early  day  an  active  and 
very  useful  pastor.  He  did  much  outside  of  his 
church  to  organize  the  missionary  and  educational 
work  of  the  State. 

In  June,  1857,  owing  to  imjfaired  health  re- 
quiring his  retirement  from  the  active  work  of  the 
ministry,  he  organized  the  Wisconsin  Bank  of 
jNIadison,  which  institution  he  managed  with  honor 
and  success  until  1861,  when  he  closed  it.  He  con- 
tinued banking  in  other  forms  and  connected  with 
other  business  until  1876,  when  he  withdrew  from 
active  business.  He  is  now  living  in  retirement 
near  the  city  of  Madison.  He  has  always  taken 
the  liveliest  interest  in  the  Baptist  church  of  which 
he  was  the  pastor,  and  of  which  he  has  continued 
an  active  and  useful  member. 

Miller,  Rev.  R.  M.,  was  born  in  Sevier  Co., 
Tenn.,  Nov.  3, 1815.  He  died  April  22,  1871.  Pro- 
fessed religion  when  fifteen  years  of  age,  and  began 
to  preach  in  early  life.  He  was  ordained  July  8, 
1843.  Revs.  John  Woody,  Thos.  Jackson,  and 
John  Avery  composed  the  Presbj^tery.  Mr.  Miller 
labored  in  Johnson,  Cass,  and  Pulaski  Counties. 
He  was  unwearied  in  work,  and  he  was  successful. 
He  was  stricken  with  paralysis,  and  died  soon 
after. 

Miller,  Rev.  T.  Doughty,  was  born  in  New 
York,  Sept.  19,  1835.  He  was  brought  up  in  the 
Episcopal  Church.  He  was  converted  in  1850; 
shortly  afterwards  he  pursued  classical  and  theo- 
logical studies  at  St.  Augustine's  Institute,  N.  Y., 
with  a  view  to  the  ministry  of  the  Episcopal  Church. 
He  was  principal  of  a  public  scliool  in  Trenton  for 
three  years,  and  he  held  the  same  position  sub- 
sequently in  Newburgh,  N.  Y.  In  1856,  having 
learned  the  truth  more  perfectly,  he  was  baptized  in 
the  Hudson  River  with  his  wife  at  Newburgh.  In 
August,  1858,  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  tlie  Mount 
Zion  Colored  Baptist  church,  of  New  Haven,  Conn. 
In  this  church  and  in  Albany  his  labors  were 
greatly  blessed  in  winning  souls  to  Jesus. 

In  1864  he  accepted  a  call  from  the  First  African 
Baptist  church  of  Philadelphia.     In  this  old  com- 


MILLETT 


795 


MILTON 


luunity  he  soon  became  a  great  favorite,  and  the 
seal  of  the  Spirit  was  given  to  his  ministrations. 
The  membership  is  three  times  more  numerous 
than  wlien  ho  iissiuned  tlie  pastorate.  Under  his 
guidance  the  cliurcii  purchased  a  larger  edifice  in 
a  better  locality,  which  is  now  entirely  j)aid  for 
through  the  liberality  of  the  members  and  the 
generous  gifts  of  friends  in  the  white  churches,  who 
appreciate  the  talents  and  piety  of  Mr.  Miller.  Ills 
enhirgod  editico  is  filled,  and  liis  usefulno.ss  is 
visible  to  all  that  Icnow  the  coninninity  over  which 
he  so  worthily  presides. 

Since  his  settlement  in  Philadelphia  the  First 
African  church  has  sent  out  a  missionary  to  the 
land  of  tlieir  fathers,  and  four  young  men  who 
have  become  successful  pastors  in  Wiliiiington, 
Baltimore,  New  Uedford,  and  in  the  Indian  Terri- 
tory. 

Mr.  Miller  was  appointed  to  preach  the  intro- 
ductory sermon  befoi'e  the  Philadelphia  Associa- 
tion in  1879;  he  was  the  first  colored  man  that 
ever  occupied  the  position,  and  he  was  not  placed 
in  it  tlirough  political  bias,  l)ut  as  a  simjile  recog- 
nition of  liis  Christian  worth  ;  his  sermon  showe<l 
the  propriety  of  the  choice.  Mr.  Miller  is  a  man 
of  scholarly  tastes  ;  he  is  the  best  colored  preacher 
ever  located  in  Philadelphia,  and  his  piety  is  of  a 
high  order. 

Millett,  Rev.  Joshua,  was  l)nrn  in  Leeds,  Me., 
Jan.  26,  1S03.  lie  took  part  of  the  collegiate 
course  of  study  at  AVaterville,  and  then  went  to  the 
Newton  Tiieological  Institution,  wiiere  he  graduated 
in  the  class  of  1835.  His  ordination  took  place  at 
Charleston,  Me.,  Jan.  6,  1836,  where  he  remained 
two  years,  and  then  went  to  Cherryfield,  where  he 
was  pastor  five  years.  Afterwards  he  removed  to 
Wayne,  where  he  continued  until  liis  de.ath,  March 
10.  "l  848. 

Mr.  Millett  was  the  author  of"  A  History  of  the 
Baptists  in  Maine,"  in  which  he  has  gathered  up 
many  facts  afjout  men  and  things  in  tiiat  State 
which  were  fast  passing  into  o))livion.  Future 
historians  of  denominational  matters  in  Maine  will 
be  grateful  for  the  careful  and  useful  work  which 
he  has  done. 

Milliken,  Rev.  L.  H.,  w.as  bom  Aug.  21.  1813, 
in  Logan  Co.,  Ky.  lie  was  educated  in  Nashville, 
Tenn.,  graduating  Oct.  3.  1838.  lie  professed  re- 
ligion Dec.  27,  1832,  in  Logan  Co.,  Ky.,  and  was 
baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Whippoorwill 
Baptist  churcii.  Law  County,  by  Rev.  R.  T.  Ander- 
son, and  ordained  at  the  instance  of  Pleasant  Grove 
church,  by  Revs.  Wm.  Warder,  0.  II.  Morrow,  and 
R.  T.  Anderson.  Mr.  Milliken  spent  a  year  in 
evangelistic  labors  in  North  Alabama ;  came  to 
Memphis,  Tenn..  in  the  winter  of  1839,  and  took 
charge  of  the  First  Baptist  church  one  year.  In 
the  winter  of  1841  went  to  Somerville,  Fayette  Co., 


Tenn.,  where  he  remained  teaching,  and  preaching 
to  Somerville  Baptist  church  until  the  winter  of 
1851,  when,  upon  invitation  of  the  church  of  that 
city,  he  removed  to  Aberdeen,  Miss.,  where  he 
labored  six  years.  In  the  spring  of  1856  he  ac- 
cepted a  call  to  Jackson,  Miss.,  where  nearly  four 
years  were  spent.  In  1860  he  removed  to  his  plan- 
tation in  Hardeman  Co.,  Tenn.,  near  Grand  Junc- 
tion, to  recruit  his  health  from  excessive  and  long- 
continued  labor.  In  1862  he  became  chaplain  of 
the  l.'Uh  Tenn.  Keginient,  C.  S.  A.,  and  he  contin- 
ued in  that  office  until  the  winter  before  the  close 
of  the  war. 

Since  the  war  he  has  been  engaged  in  teaching 
and  preaching  the  gospel.  Through  his  efforts  a 
substantial  house  of  worship  has  been  built  in  La 
(irange,  Tenn.,  costing  S50()(),  and  the  foundation 
(if  another  has  been  laid  in  Somerville,  Tenn.,  the 
county  seat  of  Fayette  County,  the  estimated  cost 
(if  which  is  $8000,  with  a  fair  prospect  of  comple- 
tion. Mr.  Milliken  is  possessed  of  more  than  ordi- 
nary ability  and  of  great  pioty. 

Mills,  J.  H.,  was  born  in  Halifax  Co.,  Va.,  July 
9,  1831;  was  l)aptized  by  his  father;  graduated 
with  first  distinction  at  W'ake  Forest  in  the  class 
with  Judge  W'.  T.  Faircloth  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  North  Carolina  and  Dr.  T.  II.  Pritchard  ;  be- 
came president  of  Oxford  Female  College  in  1855  ; 
bought  the  Biblical  Recorder  in  1867,  which  he 
conducted  with  success  for  six  years  ;  organized  the 
Oxford  Orphan  Asylum  in  1873,  of  which  be  has 
been  the  superintendent  ever  since.  This  noble 
charity,  which  has  fed,  clothed,  and  educated  hun- 
dreds of  poor  orphan  children,  has  been  sustained 
almost  altogether  by  the  unaided  efforts  of  this 
most  benevolent  and  energetic  man,  and  a  ricii 
heritage  of  Idessing  will  rest  upon  him  and  his 
forever  for  his  '■  works  of  faith  and  labors  of  love.'' 

Mills,  Prof.  L.  R.,  was  born  in  Halifax  Co., 
Va.,  Aug.  17,  1840;  baptized  by  Dr.  Wingate,  Oct. 
19,  1859.  He  graduated  at  Wake  Forest  College 
in  1861,  and  served  four  years  in  the  late  war.  He 
has  been  Professor  of  Mathematics  in  Wake  Forest 
College  since  1871.  Prof.  Mills  was  for  several 
years  secretary  of  the  board  of  education,  and  is 
a  very  eflFective  speaker.  He  is  now  bursar  of  Wake 
Forest  College,  and  one  of  the  rising  men  of  the 
State. 

Milton,  John,  was  born  in  London,  Dec.  9, 1608. 
His  father  was  a  man  of  taste  and  of  ample  re- 
sources, and  John  had  everything  to  contribute  to 
his  proper  training.  Wlien  he  was  only  twelve 
years  of  age  he  had  an  irresistible  desire  to  acquire 
information,  and  would  sit  up  till  midnight  reading, 
though  seriously  aftlieted  with  weak  eyes  and  with 
severe  pains  in  the  head.  At  fifteen  he  turned 
some  of  the  Psalms  into  beautiful  stanzas.  Before 
he  went  to  the  University  of  Cambridge,  which  he 


MILTON 


796 


MILTON 


entered  when  he  was  sixteen  years  and  two  months 
old,  he  was  an  advanced  classical  scholar,  and  he 
was  well  acquainted  with  ancient  and  modern  the- 


JOHN    MILTOX. 

ories  of  philosophy.     He  studied  seven   years  in 
Cambridge. 

When  he  left  the  university  he  came  to  reside 
with  his  father  at  Ilorton,  in  Buckinghamshire, 
with  whom  he  stayed  for  several  years.  This  pe- 
riod he  spent  in  reading,  in  learned  investigations, 
and  in  giving  to  the  world  several  pieces  of  ex- 
quisite poetry.  He  could  translate  with  the  great- 
est ease  Hebrew,  Greek,  Latin,  French,  Italian,  and 
Spanish,  and  his  works  carried  marks  of  the  wealth 
of  universal  learning.  They  speedily  became 
known  all  over  Europe,  and  especially  in  Italy,  so 
that  when  he  visited  that  country,  iu  1639,  he  was 
received  with  extraordinary  enthusiasm  and  honor, 
the  leading  men  in  literary  and  scientific  pursuits 
treating  him  as  if  he  were  Virgil  or  Dante  return- 
ing to  visit  the  glorious  land  in  which  they  spent 
their  earthly  lives.  Milton  was  rudely  recalled 
from  his  Italian  ovations  by  the  fierce  conflicts  of 
his  couutrynicn,  and  for  twenty  years  he  wielded 
his  pen  for  liberty  with  a  jiower  almost  surpassing 
that  of  the  sword  of  Cromwell,  the  greatest  war- 
rior of  the  whole  Anglo-Saxon  race.  Milton  was 
a  i-epublican  arsenal  stored  with  intellectual  wea- 
pons, which  he  could  use  with  so  mucli  ease,  and 
with  such  fatal  eiroct,  that  no  man  could  stand  be- 
fore him.  Among  liis  countrymen  there  was  not 
another  with  bis  intellect,  bis  culture,  and  his  skill 
in   using   his   mighty   arms.     Tlie   royalists,  with 


good  reason,  dreaded  and  hated  him.  Cromwell 
and  his  followers  cherished  him  with  a  tender  af- 
fection. 

He  was  the  Latin  secretary  of  Cromwell  during 
his  entire  protectorate.  Latin  was  the  language 
of  diplomacy'  and  of  courts  in  their  business  re- 
lations with  each  other.  It-was  Milton  that  wrote 
the  dispatches  which  made  -the  Duke  of  Savoy 
tremble  on  his  petty  throne  and  drop  the  bloody 
sword  with  which  he  was  inflicting  martyrdom 
upon  the  godly  Waldenses.  If  Cromwell  forged 
his  own  thunderbolts,  his  Latin  secretary  hurled 
them,  forth  with  such  a  force  that  their  execution 
was  fatal  to  every  plot  conceived  against  Protest- 
antism or  England. 

Milton  was  married  three  times.  His  last  wife 
survived  him  for  many  j'e.ars.  and  was  buried  in 
Nantwich,  Cheshire,  in  the  Baptist  chapel.  She 
had  been  for  a  long  period  a  member  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  of  Nantwich.  • 

The  work  with  which  Milton"sfameisnow  chiefly 
cofinected  is  "  Paradise  Lost."  It  was  published 
in  1667.  The  author  was  paid  £5  for  it,  and  he 
was  to  receive  £5  more  for  every  1300  copies  sold. 
He  received  £10  from  the  immortal  poem,  and  his 
widow  sold  the  copyright  for  £8.  "  Paradise  Lost" 
altogether  brought  the  author  and  his  wife  less 
than  ninety  dollars !  ♦  Such  compensation  for  the 
most  sublime  production  ever  created  by  human 
genius ! 

How  Milton  escaped  the  axe  or  the  halter  of 
Charles  II.  history  does  not  tell.  It  is  a  circum- 
stance so  singular  that  it  seems  almost  miraculous. 

Milton  had  very  decided  religious  convictions. 
His  principal  error  was  a  peculiar  view  about  the 
person  of  Christ,  tending  somewhat  towards  Ari.in- 
ism.  His  general  opinions,  however,  were  those 
of  the  Baptist  denomination.  He  believed,  for 
example,  that  it  was  not  lawful  for  any  power  on 
earth  to  exercise  compulsion  over  the  conscience  in 
religious  matters  ;  that  the  Word  of  God  was  the 
only  authority  in  Christ's  earthly  kingdom ;  that 
the  government  of  a  church  was  purely  congrega- 
tional, as  contrasted  with  the  usurpations  of  popes, 
prelates,  and  presbyteries ;  and  that  the  members 
of  a  church  should  be  regenerated  persons.  His 
opinion  about  imputation  is  sounder  than  the  doc- 
trine of  the  great  tlieologian  of  Kittering.  He 
says.  "  As  therefore  our  sins  are  imputed  to  Christ, 
so  the  merit  or  righteousness  of  Christ  is  imputed 
to  us  tlirough  faith.  It  is  evident  therefore  that 
this  justification,  in  so  far  as  we  are  concerned,  is 
gratuitous;  in  so  far  as  Christ  is  concerned,  rot 
gratuitous,  inasmuch  as  Christ  paid  the  ransom  for 
our  sins,  which  he  took  upon  him  by  imputation," 
The  great  poet  and  the  great  apostle  see  alike  on 
this  blessed  subject. 

In  his  "  Treatise  on  Christian   Doctrine"  Milton 


MIMS 


797 


MINER 


gives  a  clear  account  of  his  views  of  the  mode  and 
subjects  of  baptism.  He  says,  "Under*  the  gospel 
the  first  of  the  sacraments,  commonly  so  called,  is 
baptism,  wherein  the  bodies  of  believers  who  en- 
gage themselves  to  pureiiess  of  life  are  immersed 
in  running  water  to  signify  their  regeneration  by 
the  Holy  Spirit,  and  their  union  with  Christ  in 
Ills  death,  burial,  and  resurrection.  Hence  it  fol- 
lows that  infants  are  not  to  be  baptized,  inasmuch 
as  they  are  incompetent  to  receive  instruction  or 
believe,  or  to  enter  into  a  covenant,  or  to  promise 
or  answer  for  themselves,  or  even  to  hoar  the  Word. 
For  how  c;in  infants  that  understand  not  the  Word 
be  purified  there})y,  any  more  than  adults  can  re- 
ceive edification  by  hearing  an  unknown  language? 
For  it  is  not  the  outward  baptism  which  purifies 
only  the  filth  of  the  flesh,  but  the  answer  of  a  good 
conscience,  as  Peter  testifies,  of  which  infants  are 
incapable."  The  poet  then  proceeds  to  refute  the 
arguments,  now  threadbare,  by  which  Pedobaptists 
in  that  day  urged  the  baptism  of  children.  And 
when  Milton  concludes  he  has  left  infant  baptism 
without  any  authority  or  even  pretext  for  its  ex- 
istence. 

In  regard  to  the  mode  and  subjects  of  baptism, 
Milton,  in  "  Paradise  Lost,"  expresses  the  same 
opinion  as  he  gives  in  his  ''Treatise  on  Christian 
Doctrine," — 

....*'  them  who  Hhati  helierf 
Baptizing  in  the  profinent  Mream^  the  sign 
Of  washing  them  from  guilt  of  sin  to  life 
Pure,  and  in  mind  prepared,  if  so  befall 
For  death,  like  that  wliich  the  Redeemer  died." 

xii.  441. 

Ilis  "Treatise  on  Christian  Doctrine"  was  written 
in  Latin,  and  translated  in  1825  by  Sumner,  who 
afterwards  became  bishop  of  AVinchester. 

Milton  in  his  old  age  was  lilind.  The  Conventi- 
cle Act  suspended  heavy  penalties  over  all  who 
attended  religious  services  other  than  Episcopalian, 
for  which  jMilton  had  no  relish,  and  he  stayed  at 
home  and  read,  his  Bible,  determined  to  give  the 
government  no  opportunity  to  inflict  vengeance  on 
the  most  talented  enemy  of  the  house  of  Stuart. 
He  died  Nov.  S,  1674.  Macaulay  says,  "Though 
there  were  many  clever  (talented)  men  in  England 
<iuring  the  latter  half  of  the  seventeenth  century, 
there  were  only  two  minds  which  possessed  the 
imaginative  faculty  in  a  very  eminent  degree  ;  one 
■of  these  produced  '  Paradise  Lost,'  the  other  '  The 
Pilgrim's  Progress.'  "  John  Bunyan  and  John 
.Miltonf  were  both  Baptists. 

Mims,  Prof.  James  S.,  was  born  in  Columbus 
'Co.,  N.  C,  Feb.  lU,  ISIT.  He  wished  to  be  bap- 
tized before  he  was  twelve  years  of  age,  but  his 

•Treatise  on  Christian  Doctrine,  pp.  431-2.    London,  1825. 
t  Ivimey's  Life  of  Milton,  p.  104.    London,  1833. 


father,  fearing  he  might  lie  acting  prematurely, 
kept  him  back  until  he  was  about  thirteen. 

He  desired  immediately  to  commence  preaching, 
but  his  father  again  restrained  him  for  a  short 
time.  Having  heard  his  son  speak  in  a  prayer- 
meeting,  he  gave  his  consent,  and  the  church  at 
Fayetteville  licensed  him  to  preach. 

He  went  first  to  Chapel  Hill,  but  close  applica- 
tion injuring  his  health,  he  was  compelled  to  re- 
turn home.  He  next  studied  privately  with  Prof. 
J.  C.  Furman  for  eighteen  months,  and  then  en- 
tered Furman  Theological  Institution.  Having 
spent  a  year  there,  he  went  to  Newton,  where  he 
graduated  in  1842. 

In  the  autumn  of  the  same  year  he  was  elected 
Professor  of  Theology  in  Furman  University,  and 
entered  on  the  duties  of  his  office  in  January,  1843, 
and  continued  there  until  his  death,  which  hap- 
pened in  June,  ISf),'). 

He  was  ordained  at  Society  Hill,  S.  C,  in  July, 
1843,  by  Brethren  J.  C.  and  Richard  Furman,  J.  0. 
B.  Dargan,  and  John  Culpepper.  Although  emi- 
nently fitted  for  the  pastorate,  his  brethren  claimed 
his  services  in  pre[)aring  others  for  that  ofiice. 

His  face  correctly  and  plainly  indicated  the 
leading  features  of  his  mind, — gentleness  and 
firmness,  native  talent  and  high  culture,  in  short, 
every  characteristic  of  the  highest  order  of  a  Chris- 
tian gentleman.  But  his  "  sun  went  down  while 
it  was  yet  day." 

Miner,  Rev.  Ashur,  was  born  in  North  Ston- 
ington.  Conn.,  Jan.  30,  1772;  ordained  in  LS0.5 ; 
for  ten  years  associate  pastor  with  Rev.  Simeon 
Brown  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  North 
Stonington  ;  on  the  death  of  the  aged  minister, 
Nov.  24,  181.5,  he  became  sole  pastor,  and  con- 
tinued in  that  ofiice  until  his  death  ;  was  the  co- 
temporary  of  Revs.  Jonathan  Miner,  John  G. 
Wightman,  Roswell  Burrows,  Elihu  Chesebrough, 
John  Sterry,  Wm.  Palmer,  the  Darrows,  and  the 
Babcocks  ;  enjoyed  a  number  of  powerful  revivals  ; 
received  nearly  .500  into  the  church  ;  died  Sept.  1, 
1836,  in  his  sixty-fifth  year. 

Miner,  Rev.  Bradley,  was  born  in  North  Ston- 
ington, Conn..  July  18,  1808.  He  joined  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  his  native  place  when  he  was  but 
thirteen  years  of  age.  lie  began  to  preach  at  sev- 
enteen. He  taught  for  four  or  five  years,  com- 
bining study  with  teaching.  He  was  for  some  time 
at  Newton,  and  then  went  to  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 
His  ordination  occurred  in  1830,  when  he  accepted 
a  call  to  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Fall  River. 
After  three  years  of  service  with  this  church,  he 
spent  the  next  three  years  partly  in  Pawtucket 
and  partly  in  Woonsocket,  R.  I.,  from  which  place 
he  removed  to  Noponset,  Mass.,  and  was  pastor  of 
the  church  in  that  village  for  nine  years.  In  1846 
he  went  to  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  and,  as  in  other  places, 


MINER 


798 


MINISTERS 


a  rich  blessing  attended  his  labors.  He  removed 
to  the  South  Baptist  church  in  Providence,  with 
which  the  Fifth  Baptist  churel^  united,  and  the 
churcli  thus  composed,  undev  the  £!;uidance  of  their 
energetic  pastor,  erected  the  Friendsliip  Street 
church.  After  a  ministry  of  nearly  twenty-eight 
years,  Mr.  Miner  died  in  October,  1854.  AVith  a 
warm,  ardent  temperament,  and  thoroughly  con- 
secrated to  his  work,  he  was  the  means  of  accom- 
plishing no  small  amount  of  good  in  the  different 
fields  in  which  he  was  called  to  labor. 

Miner,  Rev.  George  Herman,  son  of  Deacon 

Leland  and  Bridget  W.  (Main)  Miner,  was  born  in 
North  Stonington,  Conn.,  Sept.  15,  1835,  of  a  his- 
toric Baptist  family ;  well  trained  :  taught  two 
years  in  Bacon  Academy,  Conn.,  and  two  years  in 
Marion  Collegiate  Institute  in  New  York ;  pre- 
pared for  college  in  the  Connecticut  Literary  Insti- 
tution, at  Sufiield ;  graduated  with 'honor  from 
Brown  University  in  1863 ;  studied  theology,  or- 
dained as  pastor  of  the  Central  Falls  Baptist  church 
in  Lincoln,  R.  I.,  in  August,  1864,  and  remained 
four  years;  in  September,  1868,  became  pastor  of 
the  Second  Baptist  church  in  Cambridge,  Mass., 
and  continued  until  1872 ;  in  October  of  that  year 
settled  as  pastor  of  the  Bajptist  church  in  Newburj'- 
port,  Mass.,  and  labored  four  yeai-s  ;  in  October, 
1876,  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  New  Britain,  Conn.,  where  he  is  now  laboring 
with  his  characteristic  ability  and  wonted  success ; 
devoutly  wields  a  ready  eloquence  and  good  pen. 

Miner,  Rev.  Jonathq,n,  was  ordained  by  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Groton,  Conn.,  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1814;  the  same  year  settled  as  fourth  pas- 
tor of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  North  Ston- 
ington, Conn.,  and  remained  twenty  years;  his 
labors  were  followed  by  very  powerful  revivals  in 
1814,  1822,  1828,  and  in  1831 ;  a  man  of  strong 
native  talents,  fervent  piet}',  and  clear  doctrinal 
views ;  a  superior  preacher ;  died  in  1844.  The 
second  pastor  of  this  church"  was  Rev.  Eleazar 
Brown;  ordained  Jan.  24,  1770;  died  June  20, 
1795.  The  third  pastor  was  Rev.  Peleg  Randall ; 
ordained  Oct.  25,  1792 ;  settled,  1795 ;  resigned, 
1813. 

Miner,  Rev.  Simon  G.,  was  l)orn  in  Brookfield, 
Madison  Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  8,  1S08,  being  the  son 
of  Absalom  and  Mary  Miner.  He  believes  that 
his  conversion  took  place  when  he  was  at  the 
age  of  five  years.  When  twelve  years  old  he 
was  strongly  convinced  of  his  duty  to  be  baptized 
and  unite  with  the  church  ;  but  the  scruples  then 
so  common  with  reference  to  early  conversion 
caused  a  postponement  until  his  twonty-first  year. 
He  was  then  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the 
church  of  his  native  town  by  Rev.  Mr.  Kelsey. 
The  family  having  removed  to  Friendship,  Alle- 
gliany  Co.,  his   impressions,  for  some  time  enter- 


tained, as  to  his  duty  to  preach  the  gospel,  then 
took  more  decided  form.  They  were  shared  also 
by  the  deacons  of  the  church,  in  which  he  was  at 
length,  in  the  absence  of  the  pastor,  quite  unex- 
pectedly called  upon  to  fill  the  pulpit.  He  com- 
plied, and  was  then  regularly  licensed  by  the 
church,  the  date  of  this  ofiBcial  act  being  January, 
1830.  Up  to  this  time  he  had  been  engaged  in 
farming.  He  now  abandoned  this  business,  and 
began  a  course  of  study  at  Hamilton.  His  healtli 
failing,  by  advice  of  the  faculty  and  of  his  phy- 
sician he  left  the  institution  and  began  the  active 
duties  of  the  ministry,  being  ordained  at  Rushford 
in  August,  1834.  His  pastorates  in  the  State  of 
New  York  were  with  the  Rushford,  Farmerville, 
and  Penfield  churches,  some  months,  meanwhile, 
being  spent  in  the  service  of  the  Genesee  Sundaj'- 
School  Union.  In  1837,  in  association  with  Rev. 
Alfred  Bennett,  he  was  appointed  by  the  New 
York  State  Convention  a  delegate  to  the  General 
Convention  of  Western  Baptists,  held  that  year  in 
Cincinnati.  This  resulted  in  his  removal  to  the 
West.  His  first  field  of  labor  was  at  Lafayette  and 
Crawfordsville,  Ind.  In  Jul}*,  1841,  he  became 
pastor  of  the  church  in  Franklin,  after  one  year 
being  recalled  to  Lafayette,  where  his  labors  were 
resumed,  and  a  house  of  worship  built.  In  1847 
he  accepted  an  appointment  as  agent  of  the  Mis- 
sionary Union,  serving  one  year.  He  then  became 
pastor  of  the  church  in  Canton,  111.,  the  pastorate 
continuing  some  ten  years,  characterized  by  rich 
blessings,  so  that  the  church  grew  to  be  one  of  the 
strongest  in  the  State,  490  being  added  by  baptism. 
After  a  year  of  service  as  secretary  cf  the  General 
Association,  Mr.  Miner  was  recalled  to  Canton, 
and  continued  in  this  second  pastorate  until  1861. 
He  then  entered  the  service  of  the  Union  as  a  chap- 
lain in  the  army,  remaining  in  it  three  years.  His 
health  becoming  impaired,  he  engaged  in  business 
at  Bloomington  at  the  close  of  the  war,  and  has 
since  served  churches  as  a  supply,  or  acting  pastor. 
His  whole  period  of  service  has  been  one  of  signal 
usefulness,  alike  in  the  gathering  of  converts  and 
the  successful  administration  of  church  afiairs. 

Ministers. — The  office  of  the  Ciiristian  minister 
was  created  by  God  himself,  and  its  existence  is  to 
be  d«fendcd  by  all  the  power  of  the  churches.  It 
is  the  province  of  the  minister  to  feed  the  flock  of 
Christ  committed  to  his  charge,  to  preach  the  glor- 
ious gospel  of  the  blessed  God  to  the  perishing,  to 
see  that  the  church  is  kept  free  from  heresy  and 
sin,  and  to  administer  baptism  and  the  Lord's  Sup- 
per. Tlie  minister  should  be  "blameless,  the  hus- 
band of  one  wife,  vigilant,  sober,  of  good  behavior, 
given  to  hospitality,  a()t  to  teach."'  He  should  be 
free  from  all  vices,  and  ''  have  a  good  report  of 
them  who  are  without." 

The  official  authority  of  all  ministers  is  exactly 


MINNESOTA 


799 


MINNESOTA 


equal ;  th(>y  arc  all  l)islioj)s,  and  each  l)islii)[)  is  but 
an  elder.  Prelacy  ami  ilioceaan  episcopacy  are  un- 
known in  the  New  Testament.  The  church  of 
Ephesus,  a  single  congregation,  recent  in  organiza- 
tion, had  elders  or  presbyters,  and  these  elders 
were  called  overseers  (TrpEa/Strepoyf  tmuKonovr)  by  the 
apostle  Paul,  that  is,  bishops,  as  the  Greek  test  in- 
forms us,  Acts  .Kx.  17,  lis.  A  bishop,  like  a  Koinish, 
Greek,  Anglican,  or  Methodist  prelate,  had  no  ex- 
istence among  the  officers  of  apostolic  churches,  as 
tliere  were  several  bishops  in  one  congregation. 
St.  Jerome,  in  the  fourth  century,  repeatedly  con- 
firms this  statement,  one  quotation  from  whom  we 
will  give.  Coiiunontingoii  Titus  i.  5,  7,  ho  says,  "  A 
presbyter  is  the  same  as  a  bishop,  and  until,  by  the 
instigation  of  the  devil,  there  arose  divisions  in  re- 
ligion, and  it  was  said  among  the  people,  '  I  am  of 
Paul,  and  I  of  Apollos,  and  I  of  Cephixs,'  churches 
were  governed  by  a  (iommon  council  of  the  presby- 
ters. Afterwards  truly,  every  one  reckoned  those 
to  be  his,  not  Christ's,  whom  he  baptized.  Then 
it  was  decreed  over  the  world  that  one  of  the  pres- 
byters should  be  placed  over  the  rest,  to  whom  the 
whole  care  of  the  church  should  belong,"*  etc. 
Jerome  was  undoubtedly  right  about  the  original 
equality  of  gospel  ministers,  and  about  the  agency 
which  reared  Christian  hierarchies. 

Ministers  should  be  supported  by  the  people  for 
whom  they  labor.  "  Even  so,"  says  Paul,  "  hath 
the  Lord  ordained  that  they  who  preach  the  gospel 
should  live  of  the  gospel."' 

Ministers  are  chosen  by  the  churches,  and  or- 
dained by  brethren  summoned  for  that  jnirpose  by 
the  authority  and  invitation  of  the  churches.  God 
calls  every  true  minister  to  his  work,  the  churches 
recognize  his  voice  and  obey  it,  by  placing  those 
whom  he  has  selected  .us  watchmen  upon  the  walls 
of  Zion. 

Minnesota  Baptists,  Historical  Sketch  of.— 
The  First  Baptist  church  of  St.  Paul  was  the  first 
church  of  our  denomination  organized  in  the  State 
of  Minnesota.  The  llev.  .John  P.  Parsons,  under 
the  appointment  of  the  Baptist  Home  Mission  So- 
ciety, came  to  St.  Paul  in  May,  1849.  After  a 
search  of  six  months  for  Baptists  he  found  twelve 
persons  in  St.  Paul  and  vicinity  who  were  ready 
for  the  formation  of  a  church.  The  organization 
took  place  Dec.  30,  1849.  The  first  baptism  was 
administered  in  April,  18')1.  The  first  meeting- 
house was  built  the  same  year,  and  the  funeral  ser- 
vice of  its  pastor  was  the  first  held  within  its  walls. 

The  church  grew  in  numbers,  both  by  conver- 
sion and  by  letter,  until  they  were  compelled  to 


*  Idem  est  ergo  presbyter,  qui  et  epigcopns  et  antequam  diaboli 
instinctu,  stiidia  in  religiono  fierent,  ct  diceretiir  in  popnlis  .  .  . 
communi  prcsliytcronini  cuncilio,  oct-lesijc  f^nbernabantur.  \IW- 
rom.,  torn.  vi.  198.  Coloniic,  ICUi.  For  ii  full  discussion  of  this  sub- 
ject, gee  Cathcart's  "Papal  System,"  p.  57.    Philadelphia. 


build  a  larger  house  of  worship,  which  they  en- 
tered on  New  Year's  morning,  18()3.  The  little 
Indian  trading-post  had  now  become  a  commercial 
city.  The  church  continued  to  enjoy  the  divine 
presence  until  it  was  again  found  necessary  to  erect 
a  more  spacious  Iiouse,  which  was  built,  and  for 
the  first  time  occupied  May  30,  1875.  Tlie  edifice 
cost  i?  130,000,  and  it  is  now  free  from  debt,  with 
money  in  the  treasury  of  the  church.  This  churcli 
is  a  child  of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Society,  as  indeed  most  of  the  churches  in  Minne- 
sota are.  It  has  had  eight  good  pastors.  The  long- 
est pastorate  was  that  of  Rev.  J.  1).  Pope,  covering 
a  period  of  nine  years.  Some  of  the  membership 
have  fallen  asleep.  Prominent  among  these  we 
mention  the  name  of  the  Hon.  Horace  Thompson,  a 
brother  of  great  wealth,  and  a  generous  giver  to 
the  cause  of  Christ.  Others  who  have  gone  to 
the  better  land  have  left  a  worthy  record.  Among 
the  living  we  mention  Deacon  A.  H.  Cavonder,  a 
constituent  member,  and  I).  1).  Merill,  who  for  a 
period  of  about  sixteen  years  has  held  the  position 
of  treasurer  of  the  Minnesota  Baptist  State  Conven- 
tion. INIany  others  are  worthy,  and  would  receive 
Iionorable  mention  if  space  permitted.  Five  of 
the  Sunday-school  scholars  and  one  Sunday-school 
.supei'intendent  are  now  preaching  the  gospel. 

The  First  Baptist  church,  Minneapolis,  was  or- 
ganized March  5,  1853,  with  ten  members.  It  was 
publicly  recognized  June  23,  1853.  For  one  year 
it  was  supplied  with  occasional  preaching  by  Rev. 
F,dwin  W.  Cressey  and  Rev.  T.  B.  Rogers,  both  of 
whom  were  missionaries  of  the  Baptist  Homo  Mis- 
sion Society.  They  have  since  enjoyed  the  labors 
of  seven  worthy  pastors,  viz.:  Rev.  A.  A.  Russell, 
Rev.  Amory  Gale,  Rev.  J.  R.  Manton,  L.  B.  Allen, 
D.D.,  Rev.  W.  T.  Lowry,  Rev.  T.  W.  Powell,  Rev. 
H.  C.  Woods.  This  church  and  the  First  church 
of  St.  Paul  are  and  have  boon  towers  of  strength 
to  the  cause  of  Christ  in  Minnesota. 

In  June,  1852,  Rev.  T.  R.  Cressey  became  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  of  St.  Paul,  and  incipient 
measures  were  taken  by  him  for  the  organization 
of  the  Minnesota  Baptist  Association.  A  call 
having  been  extended,  delegates  from  four  churches 
convened  in  St.  Paul,  Sept.  24,  1852.  The  churclies 
represented  were  St.  Paul,  St.  Antliony,  Stillyvater, 
and  Willow  River,  now  Hudson,  Wis.  The  com- 
bined membership  of  these  four  churches  was  82  ; 
60  of  this  number  were  residents  of  Minnesota. 
Tills  was  the  entire  number  of  Baptists  then  in 
Minnesota  so  far  as  known.  At  the  second  annual 
meeting  the  aggregate  membership  of  the  churclies 
was  180.  The  third  annual  meeting  showed  a  con- 
stituency in  the  churches  of  202.  The  fourth  a 
membership  of  331.  The  fifth  anniversary  was 
held  in  Minneapolis,  at  which  sixteen  churclies 
were  represented,  having  in  all  349  mcml)ers. 


MINNESOTA 


800 


MIRICK. 


STATE  CONVENTION. 

The  following  statement  pertaining  to  the  organi- 
zation of  the  Minnesota  Baptist  .State  Convention 
we  copy  from  the  minutes  of  the  Convention  of 
1861 : 

"  As  early  as  the  summer  of  1858,  many  brethren 
thought  that  a  State  oi-ganization  was  demanded 
by  the  interests  of  the  denomination.  At  the  an- 
niversary of  the  Minnesota  Baptist  Association  of 
that  year  a  committee  was  appointed  to  take  the 
matter  into  consideration.  This  committee  recom- 
mended the  formation  of  a  State  Convention,  and  im- 
mediately after  the  adjournment  of  the  Association 
a  meeting  was  called  for  that  purpose,  when  a  pre- 
liminary organization  was  effected,  of  which  Hon. 
J.  H.  Keith  was  President,  Rev.  J.  D.  Pope,  Sec- 
retary, and  William  Wakefield,  Esq.,  Treasurer." 

But  little  was  done  that  year,  except  to  procure  a 
charter  and  prepare  the  way  Cor  future'operations. 

The  first  annual  meeting  was  held  at  Winona, 
Aug.  29,  1859,  when  the  Convention  assumed  a 
permanent  form  by  the  adoption  of  the  charter  and 
constitution.  The  principal  officers  were  re-elected. 
The  board  agreed  to  raise  §200  towards  the  salary 
of  Rev.  A.  Gale,  exploring  missionary  of  the  Amer- 
ican Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  for  Minnesota. 

The  second  anniversary  of  the  Convention  was 
held  at  Minneapolis,  Sept.  7,  1860.  The  meeting 
was  largely  attended,  and  manifested  a  commend- 
able interest  in  the  work  of  the  Convention.  J.  D. 
Ford,  M.D.,  was  elected  President,  Rev.  J.  D. 
Pope,  Secretary,  and  Wm.  Wakefield,  Esq.,  Treas- 
urer. The  members  of  the  Convention  pledged 
$200  for  colporteur  work,  with  the  understanding 
that  two  colporteurs  would  ])e  employed  through 
the  year.  The  services  of  Rev.  B.  Wharton  and 
Brother  G.  L.  Case  were  ■  secured  in  connection 
with  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society. 

The  third  anniversary  of  the  State  Convention 
was  held  in  Owatonna  in  1861,  and  reveals  a  grati- 
fying advance.  The  number  oP  ministers  then  in 
the  State  was  68  ;  number  of  churches,  96  ;  num- 
ber of  Associations,  6  ;  with  a  total  membership 
of  2384.  At  the  close  of  the  first  decade  of  con- 
ventional work  (1868)  the  statistics  show  seven 
Associations,  with  a  membership  of  3940.  In  1869 
the  board  I'eport  that  ten  of  the  churches  in  tlie 
State  are  self-supporting.  Tlie  whole  number  of 
Associations  reported  at  the  last  anniversary  (1879), 
counting  the  Scandinavian  Baptist  Conference  as 
one,  is  eight,  and  the  total  membership  in  the  State 
is  6854.  The  three  churches  reporting  the  largest 
membership  are  First  JMinueapolis,  421  ;  First  St. 
Paul,  346  ;  First  Rochester,  245. 

EDUCATIONAL  HISTORY. 
Early  in  the  history  of  the  State  an  effort  was 
made  to  found  a  university.     A  charter  was  ob- 


tained and  a  primary  l^uilding  erected  in  the  city 
of  Hastings,  but  the  financial  embarrassments  which 
occurred  in  1857  and  1858  were  so  severe  as  to  fatally 
cripple  the  enterprise.  For  a  number  of  years  no 
further  effort  was  made  to  found  a  literary  institu- 
tion, but  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  State  Con- 
vention, in  the  autumn  of  1874,  a  '"centennial 
committee"  was  appointed,  who  reported  favorably, 
and  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Convention,  in 
1875,  three  committees  were  appointed :  1.  On 
location  for  an  academy.  2.  On  finance.  3.  On 
charter.  The  committee  on  location  recommended 
the  city  of  Owatonna  as  an  eligible  place  for  Min- 
nesota Academy.  The  report  was  adopted.  The 
committee  on  finance  were  authorized  at  the  same 
meeting  to  erect  an  academic  building,  and  if 
their  judgment  approved,  to  commence  a  school. 
At  the  next  Conventional  meeting  (1877)  a  build- 
ing had  been  erected  at  an  expense  of  S4400,  five 
teachers  were  employed,  and  a  school  in  successful 
operation  having  101  students.  During  the  fol- 
lowing winter  the  committee  on  charter  obtained 
from  the  Legislature  a  revision  of  the  old  univer- 
sity charter,  under  which  the  Minnesota  Academy 
was  organized.  The  finance  committee  is  to  be 
perpetual,  having  entire  charge  of  the  pecuniary 
affairs  of  the  institution.  The  endowment  fund 
now  amounts  to  $5500.  The  academy  is  already 
doing  a  noble  service  for  sound  learning.  It  re- 
ceives much  encouragement  from  Congressman  M. 
H.  Bunnell,  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Owatonna,  who  is  deeply  interested  in  the  educa- 
tional affairs  of  the  State,  and  from  other  enlight- 
ened and  liberal  Baptists. 

In  1880  there  were  in  Minnesota  9  Associa- 
tions, 154  churches,  112  ordained  ministers,  and 
7056  church  members. 

Mirick,  Rev.  Stephen  H.,  was  born  in  Salem, 
Mass.,  Jan.  9,  1819.  After  having  been  prepared 
for  college  in  the  Latin  grammar-school  in  his  na- 
tive town,  he  entered  AVaterville  College,  Me.,  and 
graduated  in  August,  1838,  receiving  in  course  the 
degree  of  A.M.  in  1841.  Removing  South,  he 
taught  school  in  St.  Helena  Parish,  La.,  during 
1839 ;  and  during  1840  was  engaged  in  tlie  prepar- 
atory department  of  the  University  of  Louisiana. 
In  th,e  fall  of  1840  he  entered  Newton  Theological 
Seminary,  and  finisiicd  the  course  there  in  1843. 
After  leaving  the  seminary,  he  preached  for  the 
Central  Baptist  church,  Philadelphia,  for  six 
months,  and  was  ordained  in  November,  1843,  the 
sermon  being  delivered  by  the  Rev.  R.  E.  Pattison, 
D.D.,  and  the  charge  by  the  Rev.  Stephen  Chapin, 
D.D.  Removing  to  Charlottesville,  Va.,  he  sup- 
plied the  Baptist  church  in  that  place  for  some 
months,  after  which  he  opened  a  seminary  for 
young  ladies,  in  1845,  which  he  conducted  with 
much  success  during  eight  years.     He  then  removed 


MISSION  AR  Y 


801 


MISSISSIPPI 


to  Washington,  U.  C,  wliere  he  succeeded  the  Rev. 
R.  W.  Cushman,  D.D.,  as  principal  of  a  young 
ladies'  sciiool.  After  fouryears'  labor  in  this  field, 
he  felt  it  to  be  his  duty  to  relinquish  teaching  and 
give  himself  wholly  to  the  work  of  the  ministry. 
Accordingly  he  became  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Caindi^n,  N.  .1.,  remaining  a  year,  and 
removed,  in  18.')!),  to  Lewislmrg,  Pa.,  where  he  tonk 
charge  of  the  Baptist  church,  continuing  pastor 
until  1866.  During  his  pastorate  in  Lewisburg,  he 
acted  as  Professor  of  Greek  in  the  university  at 
that  place,  while  the  president  was  absent  com- 
pleting the  endowment  fund.  Owing  to  a  bronchial 
disease  contracted  mainly  by  exposure  during  the 
war,  he  removed  to  Washington,  D.  C,  where  he 
entered  into  government  employ  in  February,  1867. 
Mr.  Mirick  has  frequently  contributed  to  our  re- 
ligious newspapers  and  periodicals  ;  was  the  AVash- 
ington  editor  of  the  Tnie  Union,  Baltimore;  and 
has  contributed  to  the  J'r/i(/ious  //*')■«/(/ Expositions 
of  the  International  .Sunday-vScliool  Lessons  for  the 
past  seven  years.  The  same  E.xpositions  have  also 
been  furnished  for  the  Index  and  Bapfi.ti,  of  At- 
lanta, Ga.  During  his  residence  in  Washington, 
Mr.  Mirick  has  been  ([uite  active  in  promoting 
Sunday-school  interests  and  in  supplying  churches 
destitute  of  pastors.  He  is  now  pastor  of  the 
Metropolitan  Baptist  church,  a  body  gathered  and 
organized  under  his  lead,  and  in  a  part  of  the  city 
where  a  Baptist  cliurcli  is  greatly  needed. 

Missionary  Union.  American  Baptist.— The 

General  Missionary  Convention  of  the  Baptist  de- 
nomination in  the  United  States  of  America  for 
Foreign  Missions,  sometimes  called  the  Triennial 
Convention,  was  established  in  Philadelphia,  May 
18,  1814,  and  it  continued  under  that  name  until 
1845. 

The  agitation  produced  by  the  slavery  question 
led  to  an  amicable  separation  of  the  Southern  and 
Northern  Baptists  in  their  foreign  mission  efforts, 
after  which,  at  a  Convention  held  in  the  Baptist 
Tabernacle,  New  York,  on  the  third  Wednesday  of 
November,  184'),  the  present  Foreign  Missionary 
Society  of  the  Northern  Baptists  was  organized, 
and  it  went  into  operation  in  May,  184('),  under 
the  name  of  the  '"  American  Baptist  Missionary 
Union."  The  new  body  assumed  all  the  indebted- 
ness of  its  predecessor,  and  became  heir  to  all  its 
effects.  Our  Southern  brethren,  immediately  after 
retiring  from  the  General  Convention,  formed  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention,  an  honored  society, 
a  record  of  whoso  toils  and  triumphs  is  to  Ije  found 
in  another  part  of  this  work.  The  Missionary 
Union  has  had  its  representatives  preaching  Jesus 
in  several  quarters  of  the  world,  and  rich  blessings 
have  descendccl  upon  its  self-sacrificing  men  and 
saintly  women  as  they  have  carried  the  tidings  of 
.salvation  to  the   perishing.     The  missions  to  the 


Karens  and  Teloogoos  are  the  most  prosperous 
fields  of  labor  at  this  moment  in  the  heathen 
world  ;  the  seal  of  heaven  rests  upon  them  in  a 
more  signal  manner  than  upon  any  other  organized 
efforts  upon  earth  to  bring  pagans  to  Jesus.  Mar- 
velous success  has  attended  the  labors  of  our  mis- 
sionaries in  Germany  and  Sweden. 

The  Missionary  Union  in  1880  had  in  Burinah 
88  missionaries,  448  native  preachers,  433  churches, 
and  21,594  members. 

In  Assam  there  were  17  missionaries,  49  native 
preachers,  13  churches,  and  1331  members. 

Among  the  Teloogoos  there  were  21  missionaries, 
77  native  preachers,  11  churches,  and  15,660  mem- 
bers. 

Among  the  Chinese  there  were  24  missionaries, 
37  native  preachers,  16  churches,  and  1426  mem- 
bers. 

In  Japan  we  had  12  missionaries,  5  native  preach- 
ers, 2  churches,  and  76  members. 

In  all  our  Asiatic  missions  there  were  162  mis- 
sionaries, 616  native  preachers,  475  churches,  and 
40,087  members. 

In  Sweden  we  had  150  native  ministers,  298 
churches,  and  18,851  members. 

In  Germany  there  were  270  native  ministers,  121 
chui'ches,  and  25,497  members. 

In  France  there  were  12  native  ministers,  9 
churches,  and  726  members. 

In  Spain  there  were  3  native  ministers,  4  churches, 
and  140  members. 

In  (Jreece  there  was  1  native  minister  and  1 
church,  with  7  members. 

In  our  various  foreign  missions  we  had  162 
American  missionaries,  1052  native  preachers  and 
pastors,  908  churches,  and  85,308  members.  In 
1880  there  were  )<419  converts  baptized  in  our  dif- 
ferent mission  stations.  The  income  of  the  Alis- 
sionary  Union  in  that  year  was  §290,851.63. 

See  separate  articles  on  the  missions  just  named, 
and  on  Africa,  Assam  ;  and  for  foreign  missions 
conducted  by  our  brethren  of  the  South,  see  article 
on  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  and  the  Tri- 
es mat,  Convention. 

Mississippi,  The  Baptists  of.  — In  1780  a  com- 
pany of  Baptists  from  South  Carolina  and  Georgia 
settled  on  Cole's  Creek,  about  twenty  miles  south- 
east of  Natchez,  and  in  the  latter  part  of  the  same 
year  organized  a  church,  which  they  called  Salem. 
These  consisted  of  Richard  Curtis,  Sr.,  and  his  wife. 
Pliebe  Curtis,  his  stepson,  .John  .Tones,  and  his  wife, 
and  his  three  sons,  William,  Benjamin,  and  Richard 
Curtis,  Jr.,  with  their  wives,  together  with  John' 
Courtney,  who  married  Hannah  Curtis,  and  John 
Stampley,  who  married  Phebe  Curtis,  Daniel  Ogden 
and  wife,  and  a  man  named  Perkins  and  his  wife  ; 
Jacob  Stampley,  the  brother  of  John,  and  James 
Cole,  who  married  Jemima  Curtis,  probably  accom- 


MISSISSIPI'l 


802 


MISSISSIPPI 


panied  them.  Most  of  these  were  church  members. 
Richard  Curtis,  Jr.,  was  a  licensed  preacher,  and 
John  and  Jacob  Stampley  both  became  ministers 
afterwards.  Upon  the  organization  of  the  church 
Richard  Curtis,  Jr.,  was  chosen  pastor.  Ilis  labors 
were  greatly  blessed,  and  in  a  short  time  sinners 
were  converted  and  desired  baptism.  As  Mr.  Cur- 
tis was  only  a  licentiate  some  perplexity  arose  about 
ttie  propriety  of  his  administering  the  ordinance. 
But  it  was  very  properly  decided  that  Curtis,  under 
the  authority  of  the  church,  might  lawfully  baptize 
them.  Among  the  converts  baptized  was  a  Spanish 
Catholic  named  Stephen  de  Alvo,  who  publicly  re- 
nounced Catholicism.  This  greatly  incensed  the 
Catholics,  but  as  yet  they  had  no  power  to  punish 
tiie  offense.  At  this  time  the  country  was  nomi- 
nally under  the  government  of  Great  Britain,  but  at 
the  peace  of  1783  the  territory  passed  for  a  time 
into  the  hands  of  the  Spanish.  • 

People  continued  to  come  into  the  country,  and 
among  them  some  Baptists. '  William  Chaney,  a 
Baptist  deacon,  and  his  son,  Bailey  E.  Chaney,  a 
licensed  preacher,  came  from  South  Carolina. 
There  came  also  one  Harigail  from  Georgia,  and  also 
Barton  Ilannon  and  William  Owen,  all  of  whom 
were,  or  became,  Baptist  preachers.  Harigail 
proved  to  be  a  man  of  more  zeal  than  discretion, 
and  proceeded  to  denounce  the  Catholics  in  un- 
measured terms.  This,  together  with  the  conver- 
sion and  active  labors  of  De  Alvo,  who  had  be- 
come a  deiicon,  incensed  them,  and  they  determined 
to  make  an  example  of  some  of  the  leaders.  Wil- 
liam Hamberlin,  Richard  Curtis,  Jr.,  and  Stephen 
de  Alvo  were  selected  as  the  chief  offenders.  This 
was  about  1793  or  1794.  A  letter  was  written  by 
Gayoso,  the  Spanish  coinmandant,  to  Curtis,  expoS' 
tulating  with  him  upon  his  course.  To  this  Curtis 
replied  bluntly,  and  an  order  for  his  arrest  was  is- 
sued, and  he  was  brought  before  Gayoso,  April  6, 
1795.  After  threatening  to  send  Curtis,  Hamber- 
lin, and  De  Alvo  to  work  in  the  inines  of  Mexico, 
they  were  discharged,  with  an  injunction  not  to 
offend  again.  An  edict  was  also  issued  that  "  if 
nine  persons  were  found  worshiping  together, 
except  according  to  the  forms  of  the  Catholic 
Church,  they  should  suffer  imprisonment."  But 
the  church  continued  to  meet  privately  for  wor- 
ship, and  Mr.  Curtis  officiated  publicly  in  a  mar- 
riage ceremony  in  1795.  This  was  considered  a 
violation  of  the  law,  and  an  attempt  was  made  to 
arrest  him,  but  he  made  good  his  escape,  in  com- 
pany with  Ilanibcrlin  and  De  Alvo,  and  they  made 
their  way  on  horscl)ack  across  the  country  to  South 
Carolina,  wliere  tiiey  arrived  in  the  fall  of  1795. 
A  num})er  of  others  were  also  ]iorsecuted.  At  the 
end  of  two  years  and  a  half  Curtis  returned,  having 
been  ordained  during  his  stay  in  South  Carolina. 
Tlio  country  having  passed  into  the  hands  of  the 


United  States,  the  Baptists  henceforward  had  rest, 
and  prospered  greatly.  In  1798  an  arm  of  Salem 
church  was  extended  into  AVilliamson  County,  and 
"  the  Baptist  church  on  Buffaloe"  was  constituted. 
Another  church  was"  formed  in  the  same  county 
in  1800,  called  Good  Hope,  and  two  in  Amite 
County,  Providence,  in  1805,  and  Ebenezer  in  1806. 
These  churches,  in  1806,  united,  and  formed  the 
Mississippi  Baptist  Association.  Thomas  Mercer 
came  into  this  region  in  1800,  and  David  Cooper, 
a  learned  and  pious  man,  in  1802.  They  were  soon 
joined  by  a  number  of  young  ministers,  who  after- 
wards distinguished  themselves  in  this  part  of  the 
State,  and  through  whose  instrumentality  Baptist 
sentiments  were  propagated  in  Mississippi  and 
Louisiana.  The  Association  became  an  active 
body,  and  its  missionaries  penetrated  to  the  re- 
motest settlements. 

In  1820  the  churches  contiguous  to  Pearl  River 
were  dismissed  to  form  the  Pearl  River  Association. 
In  the  decade  from  1830  to  1840  the  churches  were 
toi-n  by  internal  dissensions,  on  account  of  Masonry, 
missions,  and  Campbell  ism.  In  the  conflict  old 
Salem  suffered  her  light  to  be  extinguished.  From 
that  time  forward  population  rapidly  increased,  and 
many  able  and  zealous  ministers  entered  the  field, 
and  Baptist  sentiments  took  a  deep  hold  upon  the 
people. 

In  1880  there  were  in  Mississippi  59  Baptist  As- 
sociations, 1537  churches,  831  ordained  ministers, 
and  122,369  members. 

Mississippi  Baptist,  a  religious  paper,  estab- 
lished by  the  Mississippi  Baptist  Convention  about 
1857.  Previous  to  this  it  had  been  struggling  for 
existence  as  a  private  enterprise.  Under  the  pa- 
tronage of  the  Convention  a  new  life  was  infused 
into  the  paper.  Rev.  J.  T.  Freeman,  an  able  writer 
and  an  editor  of  experience,  was  secured  to  take 
charge  of  it.  It  was  removed  to  Jackson,  the  cap- 
ital of  the  State,  and  under  the  management  of 
Mr.  Freeman  it  was  winning  a  fine  success,  when 
it  was  sus])ended  by  the  events  of  the  war. 

Mississippi  Baptist  Convention. — This  body 
was  organized  in  1839.  Its  object  has  been  to  fos- 
ter a  missionary  and  educational  spirit.  As  the 
fruit,  a  number  of  missionaries  are  laboring  in  for- 
eign^ficlds,  and  one  of  the  best  colleges  in  the  South 
has  been  built  up. 

The  officers  elected  in  1S80  were  Col.  ^V.  H. 
Hardy,  of  Meridian,  President ;  A.  J.  Miller,  Port 
Gibson,  Recording  Secretary  :  J.  T.  Buck.  Jackson, 
Corresponding  Secretary  ;  AV.  T.  Ratcliff,  Treasurer. 
The  Convention,  through  its  Board  of  Ministerial 
Education,  contributed  88(X)  to  aid  thirty  minis- 
terial students,  and  contributed  S6000  to  support 
twenty  missionaries,  three  district  evangelists,  and 
one  State  evangelist.  Eastern  Louisiana  and  New 
Orleans  are  embraced  in  their  field. 


MISSISSIFFI 


8U3 


MISSOURI 


Mississippi  Baptist  Record  is  published  under 
the  patronage  of  the  Mississippi  Baptist  Conven- 
tion. It  was  started  in  1876  to  promote  the  work 
of  the  State  Convention,  and  J.  B.  Gambrell,  for- 
merly pastor  at  Oxford,  was  selected  as  editor.  It 
was  at  first  issued  at  Clinton,  but  subsequently  re- 
moved to  Jackson.  Its  circulation  is  full  of  en- 
courai^eiiieiit. 

Mississippi  College,  located  at  Clinton,  Hinds 
Co.,  Miss.,  was  chartered  as  Hempstead  Academy 
in  1826.  In  1827  the  name  was  changed  to  Mis- 
sissippi Academy,  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature 
authorizing  the  board  of  trustees  to  raise  by  lottery 
.$2.5,000.  The  rents  of  thirty-six  sections  of  the 
school  land,  donated  by  the  United'  .States  to  the 
State,  were  given  to  the  academy  for  four  years. 
In  1830  the  name  was  changed  to  Mississippi  Col- 
lege, and  in  1842  it  was  transferred  to  the  Presby- 
terians, and  remained  under  tiieir  control  until 
ISoO,  when  it  was  again  surrendered  to  the  j)eo|)Ie. 
The  Baptist  State  Convention  met  that  year  in  the 
city  of  Jackson,  when  the  college  was  offered  to  the 
Baptists,  and  accepted  by  them.  An  agent  was 
placed  in  the  field,  and  by  I860  a  cash  endowment 
of  S100,000  was  raised,  with  §30.000  more  pledged, 
and  buildings  costing  i?20,000  erected.  Unfortu- 
nately the  whole  endowment  was  lost  by  the  war, 
and  the  college  suspended.  In  1SG7,  Dr.  Walter 
Ilillman  found  it  disorganized,  with  a  mortgage 
of  $10,000  resting  upon  it,  and  only  eleven  students 
in  attendance.  At  the  end  of  his  administration,  in 
1873,  the  debts  had  all  been  paid,  the  building  thor- 
oughly repaired,  S40.0OO  towards  an  endowment 
raised,  a  faculty  of  eight  professors  engaged,  and 
190  students  in  attendance.  He  was  succeeded  by 
W.  S.  Webb,  D.D.,  under  whom  the  institution  has 
continued  to  prosjier  until  the  present  time.  From 
20  to  30  young  ministers  have  been  educated  an- 
nually for  some  time,  many  of  whom  are  now  fill- 
ing the  most  prominent  pulpits  in  Mississippi, 
Louisiana,  and  Arkansas;  191  students  were  in 
attendance  during  the  term  ending  in  June,  1880. 

Mississippi  General  Association.— This  body 

operates  in  the  eastern  part  of  tlie  State  of  Missis- 
sippi, and  was  organized  some  years  ago  in  oppo- 
sition to  the  State  Convention.  But  it  is  believed 
that  a  better  state  of  feeling  is  beginning  to  prevail, 
and  the  two  bodies  now  seem  to  be  co-operating. 
The  jealousies  out  of  which  the  division  grevir  are 
passing  away,  and  the  day  of  entire  unification  is 
not  far. distant.  The  work  of  the  Association  is 
missionary.  A  long  neglected  tribe  of  Indians  in 
their  bounds  is  receiving  special  attention,  and  a 
converted  Indian  is  employed  to  preach  to  them. 
We  have  not  received  the  data  to  be  able  to  state 
particulars  of  their  work. 

Missouri  Baptist  General  Association. —  In 

the  year  1833  an   infonnal   ami  small   meeting  of 


Baptists  was  held  in  the  town  of  Columbia,  Mo.,  to 
devise  ways  and  means  for  further  promoting  Chris- 
tianity in  that  State.  The  anti-mission  spirit  then 
ruled  the  Baptist  churches  of  that  region,  and  the 
few  who  possessed  the  progressive  spirit  of  the 
gospel  labored  under  great  disadvantages  in  all 
efforts  and  plans  for  the  spread  of  divine  truth. 
They  were  met  at  every  step  i»y  tiie  violent  and 
almost  virulent  opposition  of  anti-mission  brethren. 
The  meeting  at  Columbia  was  composed  of  Ebe- 
nezer  Rogers,  Thos.  Fristoe,  Roland  Hughes,  Jo- 
seph Hughes,  Tilman  Bell,  and  Wm.  Mansfield. 
These  men  of  God  resolved  to  secure  the  services 
of  some  good  minister  of  the  gospel  to  do  mission- 
ary work  in  the  central  counties  of  the  State. 
They  contributed  of  their  own  limited  resources 
the  sum  of  §600  fjr  the  remuneration  of  the  men 
who  might  be  secured  for  the  work.  Rev.  Wm. 
Mansfield  was  selected  to  correspond  with  suitable 
persons  until  a  missionary  should  be  obtained.  He 
wrote  to  Anderson  Woods  and  Wm.  Duncan,  both 
of  wliom  responded  favorably  to  the  call.  The 
duty  of  making  arrangements  for  the  ])roposecl 
mission  work  was  intrusted  to  Mr.  Mansfield.  lie 
attended  a  meeting  of  the  Mount  Pleasant  Associ- 
ation for  the  purpose  and  in  the  hope  of  securing 
some  co-operation.  At  tiiat  meeting  he  was  in- 
formed by  anti-mission  Baptists  that  if  he  went  on 
the  "  stand"  he  should  be  forcibly  ejected  from  it. 
At  a  convenient  time  in  the  progress  of  the  meeting 
he  took  a  position  near  the  stand  and  read  aloud  a 
list  of  appointments  for  Woods  and  Duncan,  and 
then  quietly  gave  a  statement  of  the  reasons  why 
he  was  not  on  the  stand.  Mr.  Mansfield  was  a 
good  man,  a  plain,  earnest,  and  effective  preacher, 
who  supported  a  large  family  by  successful  farming. 
Woods  and  Duncan  were  preachers  of  no  mean 
ability,  and  while  the  work  they  did  under  Mans- 
field's arrangements  was  much  opposed,  it  wa.s 
greatly  blessed  in  the  conversion  of  souls  and  in 
awakening  the  spirit  of  missions. 

As  a  result  of  this  effort  a  meeting  was  held  at 
Providence  church,  in  Calloway  County,  in  1834, 
to  effect  a  permanent  organization  for  doing  mis- 
sion work.  The  anti-mission  spirit  was  still  rife. 
In  this  year  the  churches  and  Associations  were 
much  troubled  with  contentions  and  divisions.  At 
the  Providence  meeting,  Thos.  Fristoe,  Ebenezer 
Rogers,  Wm.  Suggett,  Noah  Flood,  and  others  were 
present.  The  meeting  adopted  preliminary  meas- 
ures for  the  permanent  organization  of  the  Bajitist 
Central  Society.  This  organization  was  completed 
the  subsequent  year.  Out  of  the  Central  Society 
grew  the  present  Missouri  Baptist  General  Associ- 
ation, which  held  its  forty-third  annual  session  in 
October,  1879. 

The  objects  of  the  General  As.sociation  are  to 
promote  the  preaching  of  the  gospel  and  the  spread 


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of  divine  truth  in  the  State.  For  the  attainment 
of  these  objects  the  constitution  provides  mission 
•work,  Christian  education,  and  the  circulation  of 
religious  literature. 

A  mission  board  of  seventeen  members  and  a 
corresponding  secretary  have  the  management  of 
the  missionary  department.  The  board  endeavors 
to  develop  and  enlarge  the  spirit  of  progress  and 
beneficence,  procure  the  preaching  of  the  gospel  to 
the  destitute,  and  help  weak  churches  to  become 
self-sustaining.  This  work  has  contributed  largely 
to  making  the  Baptist  denomination  the  largest  and 
most  influential  in  the  State.  From  $3000  to  $5000 
are  annually  expended  by  the  board  in  State  mis- 
sion work.  The  local  Associations  expend  about 
the  same  sum  in  their  missionary  efforts. 

"William  Jewell  College — a  history  of  which  is 
given  in  another  part  of  this  work — is  an  outgrowth 
of  the  progressive  spirit  of  the  Oeneral'Association, 
and  is  provided  for  by  its-  constitution.  Stephens 
College,  for  the  education  of  young  ladies,  is  like- 
wise organically  recognized.  At  each  session  of 
the  Association  a  report  is  heard  from  a  standing 
committee  on  schools  and  colleges,  in  which  the 
condition  of  Baptist  institutions  of  education  within 
the  State  is  made  known.  Of  such  institutions 
there  are  nine  in  numiber,  each  doing  a  good  work. 

The  Association  at  each  session  hears  a  report 
on  denominational  publications,  and  seeks  to  en- 
courage religious  literature  as  a  means  of  spreading 
■divine  truth.  The  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society  receives  encouragement,  and  Baptist  jour- 
nals in  the  State  in  harmony  with  the  purposes  and 
plans  of  the  Association,  receive  a  hearty  moral 
Gupport.  At  this  writing  (1880)  The  Central  Bap- 
tist, an  ablc!  weekly  journal,  conducted  by  Rev. 
Wm.  Ferguson,  and  Ford's  Christian  Repository, 
edited  by  Rev.  Dr.  and  Mrs.  S.  H.  Ford,  an  excel- 
lent magazine  of  long  standing,  both  published  in 
the  city  of  St.  Louis,  are  indorsed  and  commended. 

All  along  the  history  of  this  xorganization  down 
to  the  present  time  its  records  are  adorned  by  the 
names  of  the  best  men  of  the  denomination  in  and 
out  of  the  lninistr3^  Of  ministers  who  have  gone 
to  their  reward  are  such  names  as  Wm.  Suggett, 
Wm.  Thompson,  D.D.,  Thos.  Fristoe,  I.  T.  Ilinton, 
James  E.  Welch,  S.  W.  Lynd,  D.D.,  Noah  Flood, 
J.  B.  Jeter,  D.D.,  X.  X.  Buckner,  Wm.  Crowell, 
D.D.,  Y.  R.  Pittz,  Jerry  Vardeman,  and  A.  P.  Wil- 
liams, D.D.  Of  deceased  laymen  there  are  such 
men  as  Judge  R.  E.  RIcDaniel,  lions.  AVade  Jack- 
son, David  Hickman,  Wm.  Carson,  Marshal  Broth- 
erton',  Jos.  Flood,  and  Wm.  Jewell,  j\I.D.,  D.  L. 
Slu)use,  AVni.  McPIierson,  and  others,  the  presence 
of  any  of  wliom  would  have  adorned  the  most  hon- 
orable assembly  on  earth. 

The  chief  living  Baptists  of  the  State,  ministers 
and  laymen,  and  honorable  women  not  a  few,  arc 


now  the  active  friends  and  hearty  supporters  of  the 
General  Association,  which  is,  no  doubt,  the  organ- 
ization through  which  the  power  and  usefulness  of 
an  influential  denomination  in  a  great  State  are  to 
reach  their  highest  and  broadest  development. 

Missouri,  Baptist  Sunday-Schools  in.— The 
Missouri  Baptist  Sunday-School  Convention  was 
organized  in  August,  1868.  -  Rev.  S.  W.  JNIarston. 
D.D.^  served  as  the  secretary  during  the  first  five 
years. 

The  following  table  will  show  how  he  found 
Sunday-school  work  in  ^lissouri,  and  how  it  has 
increased  for  eleven  years  : 


Tear. 

o 

si 
el 

8< 

Number     of 
Churches. 
Number     of 
Preachers.        j 

Number     of 

Church 

Members. 

c 
a 
% 
in 

Number     of 
Bible-Schools 
Reported. 

Number     of 
Officers  and 
Teacliers. 

"3 

1868... 

4.'> 

52,996 

•74 

3494 
5873 

6247 
6250 

1869 



1870  .. 
1871... 
1872... 

50 

57 

60 

66 
66 

1003  506!   57,089 
1160;  8461   67,501 
1210!  1   71  717 

4,091 !   430 
10,414   754 
4,216 

25,781 
44,871 

1873... 
1874... 
1875... 

1212 
1264 
1274 

1328 

1381 

920!   74,274 
706   76,072 
750   78  144. 

2,557 
1,798 

806 
816 

48,261 
49,260 

1876... 

802 

' 

450 
820 

1877... 

79.T4fi 

1878... 



6300 

1879... 
1880... 

823 

88,491 

41,173 
Rnnno 

There  were  about  5937  church  members  working 
in  the  schools  during  1879,  and  4605  conversions 
among  the  scholars.  The  libraries  comprise  26,000 
volumes.  The  churches  expended  on  their  own 
schools,  in  1879,  S9997  ;  for  organs  and  other  ob- 
jects, S7687 ;  for  State  Bible-school  work,  $1023.96. 

In  1873  about  two-thirds  of  all  the  district  Asso- 
ciations had  within  them  organized  Sunday-school 
Conventions. 

The  Rev.  M.  L.  Laws  is  the  able  corresponding 
secretary  of  the  society  at  this  time,  upon  whose 
noble  work  so  rich  a  blessing  has  descended. 

Missouri  Baptists,  Sketch  of.— The  first 
Christians  of  any  denomination,  save  Catholic, 
tliat  ever  set  foot  upon  the  soil  of  Upper  Louisiana, 
now  the  State  of  iNIissouri.  were  Baptists.  So  far  as 
we  have  been  able  to  learn,  Thomas  Bull,  his  wife, 
and  her  mother,  Mrs.  Lee,  were  the  first  to  come. 
They.,  settled  in  Cape  Girardeau  County  in  1796. 
The  following  year  they  were  joined  by  Enos  Ran- 
dall and  wife,  and  INIrs.  Abernathy.  At  that  time 
^lissouri  was  under  the  dominion  of  Spain,  and  the 
Roman  Catholic  was  the  established  church.  In 
1799,  Rev.  Thomas  Johnson,  of  Georgia,  visited 
these  pioneers,  preached  the  gospel  to  them  and 
their  neighbors,  and  baptized  one  woman.  This 
was  the  first  administration  of  Itaptisni  west  of  the 
groat  river,  and  Elder  Johnson  was  the  first  Baptist 
minister  of  the  regular  order  who  ever  visited  the 
Territory. 


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Rev.  David  Green  roinoved  from  Kentucky  and 
settled  in  Cape  Girardeiui  (bounty  in  1S()5,  and 
commenced  at  once  to  gatiier  together  the  Baptists. 
He  organized,  in  1805,  the  Tywappity  Baptist 
church,  in  Scott  County,  of  eight  or  ten  members. 
For  want  of  succor  it  soon  became  defunct,  l)ut  was 
reorganized  in  1809.  The  Betiiel  cliurch  was  the 
first  permanent  church  organization  in  tlie  State. 
It  was  formed  witli  fifteen  members,  July  19,  180G, 
near  the  town  of  Jackson,  Cape  Girardeau  Co. 
Elder  Green  was  the  first  pastor  of  these  churches. 
For  some  years  the  Bethel  church  was  an  aggres- 
sive missionary  body,  and  greatly  prospered.  It 
afterwards  opposed  missions,  and  as  a  consequence 
withered,  and  finally  died.  From  it  sprang,  directly 
or  indirectly,  all  the  churches  that  formed  the  first 
Association.  Five  other  churches  originated  prior 
to  the  date  next  to  be  mentioned,  and  together  with 
the  two  first  named,  met  at  the  Bethel  meeting- 
house, near  Jackson,  on  the  last  Saturday  in  Sep- 
tember, 181(),  and  organized  the  Bethel  Associa- 
tion, the  first  in  the  Territory.  The  constituent 
churches  were  Bethel,  Tywappity,  Providence, 
Barren,  St.  Fran(;ois,  Bell  view,  and  Dry  Creek. 
The  ministers  present  were  Henry  Cockerham, 
John  Farrar,  Wm.  Street,  and  James  P.  Edwards. 
Bethel  Association  adopted  the  appellation  of 
"  United  Baptists." 

In  1796  and  1797  a  number  of  Baptist  families 
removed  from  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  and 
Kentucky,  mostof  whom  settled  in  the  present  limits 
of  St.  Louis  County.  Among  them  we  notice  the 
names  of  Abraham  and  Sarah  Musick,  Jane  Sullens, 
Sarah  AVilliams,  and  K.  Richardson  and  wife.  They 
came  in  the  face  of  Catholic  restriction.  The  law 
said,  "  Liberty  of  conscience  is  not  to  be  allowed 
beyond  the  first  generation  ;  the  children  of  emi- 
grants must  be  Catholics."  And  further,  "  No 
preacher  of  any  religion  but  the  Catholic  must 
come  into  the  province."  John  Clark,  a  Baptist 
in  sentiment,  though  not  a  member,  and  Thomas 
R.  Musick  visited  and  preached  in  Missouri  in  these 
times  of  proscription.  Clark's  first  trip  was  made, 
in  1798  ;  Musick's  not  long  after.  Clark  was,  we 
presume,  the  first  Protestant  minister  that  ever 
preached  the  gospel  west  of  the  Mississippi  River. 
Musick  settled  in  the  St.  Louis  district  in  1803 
or  1804, — the  first  minister  other  than  Catholic 
to  locate  in  the  Territory.  He  organized  the  Fee 
Fee  church,  the  first  in  St.  Louis  County,  in  1807, 
of  eighteen  members,  and  became  its  pastor.  This 
is  now  the  oldest  church  in  the  State.  Cold  Water, 
the  next  church  in  the  county,  was  organized  by 
Musick  in  1809. 

In  Noveml)er,  1817,  at  the  house  of  Thomas  II. 
Musick,  the  Missouri  (now  St.  Louis)  Association 
was  formed  with  the  following  as  constituent 
churches,  viz.:    Fee  Fee,  Cold  Water,  Boeuf,  and 


Negro  Fork,  in  St.  Louis  County  ;  and  Femme 
Osage,  St.  Charles  County,  and  Upper  Cuiver  in 
Lincoln  County ;  the  aggregate  membership  of 
which  was  142. 

In  the  autumn  of  1817,  Revs.  John  M.  Peck  and 
James  E.  Welch,  missionaries  of  the  Baptist  (Jen- 
eral  Convention,  arrived  in  St.  Louis,  then  a  little 
French  village  on  the  west  bank  of  the  .Mississippi 
River.  St.  Louis  is  now  the  fourth  city  in  the 
Union,  extending  some  fifteen  miles  up  and  down 
the  river,  with  a  breadth  of  four  to  three  miles. 
Messrs.  Peck  and  Welch  organized  the  First  Bap- 
tist church  of  St.  Louis,  Feb.  8,  1818,  with  a  mem- 
bership of  eleven  persons. 

Mingled  with  the  tide  of  emigration  westward 
we  find  Baptists.  Nineteen  persons  formed  a  Bap- 
tist church  near  Loutre  Island,  in  Montgomery 
County,  in  1810.  Joseph  Baker  was  their  pastor. 
The  war  of  1812-15  .soon  afterwards  broke  out, 
and  most  of  the  membership  took  refuge  in  the 
forts  of  Howard  County.  Mount  Pleasant  church 
was  the  first  in  the  upper  county.  It  was  organ- 
ized by  Revs.  AVm.  Thorp  and  David  McLain,  near 
old  Franklin,  Howard  Co.  Few  meetings  for  busi- 
ness were  held  during  the  war.  Thorp  and  Mc- 
Lain preached  to  the  people  in  the  forts.  When 
the  war  was  over  the  people  began  again  to  hold 
meetings.  The  Mount  Pleasant  Association  was 
formed  July  25,  1818,  at  the  old  Mount  Pleasant 
meeting-house.  The  constituent  churches  were 
Mount  Pleasant,  Concord,  Cooper  Co.,  organized 
May,  1817  ;  Bethel,  Boone  Co.,  formed  June,  1817  ; 
and  Mount  Zion  and  Salem  ;  their  aggregate  mem- 
bership was  161.  Ministers  present,  David  McLain, 
Wm.  Thorp,  Luke  Williams,  Edward  Turner,  and 
Colden  Williams.  In  less  than  five  years  this  as- 
sociational  community  had  extended  its  limits  as 
far  west  as  Clay  and  Lafayette  Counties,  and  an 
average  of  twenty-five  miles  on  either  side  of  the 
Missouri  River.  At  its  meeting  in  1823  it  divided 
its  territory,  and  formed  the  Fishing  River  Associa- 
tion, in  Clay  County,  and  Concord  Association,  in 
Cooper  County,  in  the  autumn  of  that  year.  Seven 
churches  and  six  ministers  were  set  oflP  to  organize 
the  former,  and  seven  churches  to  the  latter.  This 
left  Mount  Pleasant  with  seventeen  churches.  In 
1827  the  Mount  Pleasant  Association  again  divided 
for  convenience,  and  the  formation  of  the  Salem 
Association  the  same  year  was  the  result.  The 
new  Association  took  thirteen  churches,  with  51.^ 
members,  leaving  the  old  Association  with  sixteen 
churches  and  734  members. 

The  Cuivre  Association  was  formed  in  1822,  of 
churches  in  St.  Charles,  Lincoln,  and  Warren 
Counties,  eight  in  number,  most  or  all  of  which 
had  been  dismissed  from  the  Missouri  Association 
for  the  purpose. 

The  gospel  was  early  preached  in  Pike  County 


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by  Leroy  Jackson,  J.  M.  Peck,  and  Davis  Bifrgs. 
Churches  were  organized  as  follows :  Ramsey's 
Creek,  prior  to  1818  ;  Peno,  Dec.  '.25,  1819  ;  Stout's  . 
Settlement  (now  New  Hope)  Lincoln  Co.,  in  1821. 
On  the  23d  of  August,  1823,  the  tliiv^e  churches 
last  named,  together  with  Bethlehem,  New  London, 
and  Beer  Creek,  met  on  Big  Peno  and  organized- 
the  Salt  River  Baptist  Association.  In  1834  this 
body  sent  out  a  colony  of  fourteen  churches,  and 
formed  the  Bethel  Association,  at  Bethel  meeting- 
house, Marion  Co.,  the  aggregate  membership  of 
-which  was  589.  By  churches  gathered  mainly  by 
Elders  Lewis  and  James  Williams,  situated  mostly 
an  Franklin,  Washington,  and  Jeflferson  Counties, 
the  Franklin  Association  was  organized  in  1832,  at 
the  house  of  J.  C.  Duckwortli. 

The  Cape  Girardeau  Association,  a  daughter  of 
the  Bethel,  was  organized  in  1824,  at  Hebron 
ohurch. 

We  now  pass  to  Western  Missoui-i.  In  1834  the 
Fishing  River  Association  embraced  all  the  churches 
■west  of  a  line  indicated  by  Grand  River.  This  year 
it  vras  divided,  the  Missouri  River  being  made  the 
line,  and  the  ten  churches  south  of  the  river  met 
in  the  following  October  at  Little  Snibar  and  or- 
ganized the  Blue  Riyer  Association.  Their  total 
membership  vras  384.     - 

The  twelve  Associations  now  named  embraced, 
in  1834,  nearly  2U0  churches,  with  a  membership 
of  some  7000,  scattered  over  a  vast  extent  of 
country  from  St.  Genevieve  County  on  the  south 
to  Lewis  County  on  the  north,  from  two  to  three 
■counties  deep  west  of  the  Mississippi  River  ;  and 
on  either  side  of  the  Missouri  River  one  to  three 
■counties  deep,  from  the  eastern  to  the  western 
boundary  of  the  State. 

The  General  Association  for  missionary  purposes 
■was  organized  in  1835.  This  was  made  the  occasion 
of  a  fierce  and  strong  war  upon  boards  and  benev- 
olent institutions  by  the  anti-missionary  party. 

In  the  contest  on  missions  in  Missouri  the  anti- 
missionaries  refused  absolutely  to  fellowship  under 
any  circumstances  those  who  favored  the  mission- 
ary enterprise.  At  the  time  of  the  division  the 
regulai's  numbered  over  5000,  and  the  anti-mis- 
sionaries upwards  of  3000.  The  present  strength 
■of  the  former  in  the  State  is  90,000,  and  of  the 
latter  about  6000.  (See  article  on  Missouri  Bap- 
tist General  Association.) 

The  Missouri  Baptists  are  warm  friends  of  edu- 
•cation. 

INSTITUTIONS   OF   LEARNING. 

William  Jewell  College^  with  its  school  of  theol- 
ogy, is  located  at  Liberty.  Founded  by  the  General 
Association  ;  chartered  February,  1849,  and  opened 
about  one  year  after.  This  is  the  State  denomina- 
tional school  for  young  men. 

Stephens  College,  for  females,  is  at  Columbia.    It 


was  established  in  1856  as  a  "  Baptist  Female  Col- 
lege;"  chartered  in  1857;  adopted  by  the  General 
Association  in  1870.     R.  P.  Rider,  President. 

Mount  Pleasant  College,  a  mixed  school,  is  located 
at  Huntsville.     A.  S.  Worrall,  D.D..  President. 

La  Grange  College,  at  La  Grange,  is  for  male  and 
female  students.     J.  F.  Cook,  LL.D.,  President. 

Lexington  Baptist  Female  College  is  located  at 
Lexington.     President,  Jno.  F.  Lanneau. 

St.  Joseph  Female  College,  at  St.  Joseph.  E.  S. 
Dulin,  President. 

Hardin  College,' located  at  Mexico  :  female.  Mrs. 
P.  A.  Baird,  President. 

Grand  River  College,  at  Edinburg.  The  presi- 
dent is  T.  II.  Storts. 

South- West  Baptist  College,  located  at  Bolivar. 
J.  R.  Maupin,  President. 

These  are  the  Baptist  institutions  of  learning  of 
this  State,  the  most  or  all  of  which  are  doing  a 
noble  work. 

NEWSPAPERS. 

The  first  Baptist  newspaper  published  in  Mis- 
souri was  issued  in  1S42  under  the  auspices  of  the 
General  Association,  called  the  Missouri  Baptist. 
I.  T.  Hinton  and  R.  S.  Thomas  were  editors.  It 
was  abandoned  in  1844,  and  in  1848  it  was  suc- 
ceeded by  the  Western  Watchman.  Another  Mis- 
souri Baptist  was  estirblished  by  the  Missouri  Bap- 
tist Publication  Society  in  1860,  edited  by  S.  II. 
Ford.  Both  the  last-named  papers  were  suspended 
early  in  the  war.  In  1865,  John  Hill  Luther  com- 
menced the  publication,  at  Palmyra,  of  the  Mis- 
souri Baptist  Journal,  which  was  recognized  as  the 
"  State  paper""  by  the  General  Association  in  1866. 
This  is  now  the  Centr-al  Baptist,  published  at  St. 
Louis,  by  Wm.  Ferguson.  In  1875,  Dr.  D.  B.  Ray 
established  the  Baptist  Battle-Flag,  now  tlie  Ba}}- 
tist  Flag,  devoted  to  church  history  and  polemic 
theology.  It  was  first  issued  from  La  Grange,  but 
was  subsequently  removed  to  St.  Louis.  And  last. 
Ford's  Christian  Reposiforg,  a  monthly,  is  pub- 
lished at  St.  Louis,  and  edited  by  S.  II.  Ford, 
LL.D.,  and  Mrs.  S.  R.  Ford. 

The  Baptists  of  Missouri  have  an  important  po- 
sition in  this  great  central  State,  and  are  wielding 
a  potent  influence  for  good  in  the  evangelical  and 
educational  enterprises  of  the  West. 

Baptist  Progress  in  Missouri  by  Decade. 


Date. 


Number  of 
Associations. 


1706 

18(Ui 

l.-illi 

IS^JG 

I.SHC. , 

1846 

1856 

1866 

1S76 

188U 


Xumber  of 
Churches. 


1 

14 

8 

91 

IS 

230 

410 

31 

.539 

37 

749 

65 

12S4 

70 

1449 

Number  of 
Ministei-s. 


I  Kumber  of 

Communi- 

cniits. 


3 
11 
52 
126 
201 
349 
432 
842 
839 


12 

50 

426 

2,984 

8,723 

19,667 

31,:i58 

44,877 

89,786 

95,967 


MISSOURI 


807 


MISSOURI 


Missouri,  Central  Baptist  of,— The  first  num- 

her  of  the  Missatiri.  Ihiplisl  Jmunal  was  issued 
Jan.  1,  186G,  in  Palmyra,  Mo.,  as  the  acknowledged 
orsan  of  the  General  Association.  About  a  year 
later  the  Baptist  Record  made  its  appearance  in 
St.  Louis,  undtT  the  editorial  conduct  of  llev.  A. 
A.  Kondrick,  D.I).  In  IStiS  these  two  papers  were 
consolidated,  and  the  name  of  tin;  Ci'itlral  Baptist 
was  given  to  the  journal,  whose  chief  aim  was  to 
unite  tlie  Baptists  of  Missouri  on  a  common  plat- 
form of  doctrinal  truth,  missionary  effort,  and  edu- 
cational interest. 

The  result  of  the  consolidation  was  most  gratify- 
ing. The  circulation  of  the  Ccnh-al  Baptist  soon 
reached  8000.  Its  conciliatory  spirit,  sturdy  de- 
fense of  our  distinctive  principles,  and  the  literary 
ability  of  its  contributors,  representing  every  sec- 
tion of  our  country,  won  for  it  the  Confidence  of 
Missourians  and  tiii!  respect  of  Baptists  throughout 
the  hind.  Its  principal  editors  have  bet?n  success- 
ively Dr.  J.  II.  Luther,  Dr.  W.  I'opc  Yeaman,  and 
Rev.  AV.  Ferguson,  aided  at  different  periods  by 
Rev.  Norman  Fox,  President  A.  A.  Kendrick,  and 
Rev.  J.  C.  Armstrong. 

The  aim  of  the  managers  of  the  Central  Baptist 
has  always  been  ti>  establish  for  the  valley  of  the 
Missouri  a  journal  of  conservative  character,  main- 
taining in  its  editorial  conduct  pronounced  views 
on  every  question  relating  to  evangelical  religion, 
and  encouraging  a  spirit  of  free  inquiry  in  the  min- 
istry and  among  the  masses.  The  enlightened  and 
working  element  of  the  denomination  has  recog- 
nized it  as  a  necessity  in  the  region  of  which  St. 
Louis  is  the  centre,  and  has  generously  supported 
it  as  one  of  the  permanent  agencies  in  the  further- 
ance of  the  grand  mission  intrusted  to  us  as  a  peo- 
ple. It  has  an  honorable  record,  with  the  promise 
of  a  brilliant  future. 

Rev.  Wm.  Ferguson,  the  present  proprietor  and 
managing  editor  of  the  Ventral  Baptist,  was  born 
in  Saline  Co.,  Mo.,  July  15,  184.5.  In  early  life  he 
found  the  Saviour,  and,  being  impressed  with  the 
duty  of  preaching  the  gospel,  in  18(')S  he  gave  up 
the  study  of  law  and  entered  William  Jewell  Col- 
lege, at  Liberty,  Mo.,  to  prepare  for  the  ministry. 
Here,  from  the  very  start,  he  took  the  first  place 
in  his  cla.sses,  and  secured  the  abiding  love  and 
respect  of  his  instructors  and  fellow-students.  On 
his  graduation,  in  1873,  he  was  united  in  mar- 
riage to  Miss  Florence  M.  Chandler,  of  Liberty, 
and  assumed  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  at 
Fulton,  .Mo.  After  one  year  of  successful  labor  he 
was  elected  to  the  responsible  position  of  financial 
agent  of  the  Missouri  Baptist  Ministerial  Education 
Society,  and  of  AVilliam  Jewell  College,  which  po- 
sition he  held  with  great  acceptance  and  success 
until  January,  1877,  when  he  purchased  a  part- 
nership interest  with  llev.  AV.  P.  Yeaman,  D.D.,  in 


the  Central  Baptist,  of  which,  in  1878,  he  became 
sole  proprietor.  Under  his  management  of  rare 
tact  and  ability  the  paper  has  been  lifted  out  of 
financial   embarrassments   and   placed   within   the 


REV.    WILLIAM     FERGUSON. 

first  rank  of  donomiiiiitional  exponents,  lie  pos- 
sesses many  qualific-ations  wliicii  mark  the  born 
journalist.  To  a  well-l)alanced  mind,  holding  de- 
cided convictions,  and  exercising  a  positiveness  in 
their  maintenance,  he  joins  a  heart  of  keen  sensi- 
bilities and  broad  sympathies,  which  enable  him  to 
weigh  and  deal  fairly  with  all  the  questions  which 
interest  the  church  and  humanity.  These  (piali- 
ties,  combined  with  unassuming  modesty  and  ge- 
niality, secure  the  respect,  esteem,  and  love  of  all 
who  know  him. 

Missouri,  Colored  Baptists  of,  are  a  signifi- 
cant force.  Tliey  have  a  .State  Convention  and  six 
district  Associations,  and  claim  30,000  members, 
with  .300  ministers.  Among  the  leaders  now  living 
are  W.  W.  Brooks,  W.  T.  Jones,  Thos.  Jefferson, 
John  Marshall,  Henry  Burton,  L.  T.  Yealman, 
Samson  Lewis,  Hardin  Smith,  and  Daniel  Sawyer, 
men  of  piety  and  influence.  Some  of  their  churches 
have  a  thousand  members.  Four  of  their  ministers 
have  sketches  in  this  work. 

Missouri,  Southwest,  Baptist  College  of,  is 

located  at  Bolivar,  Southwest  Missouri,  and  was 
founded  by  the  Southwest  Baptist  Convention. 
It  opened  at  Lebanon,  Sept.  17,  1878.  Rev.  J.  R. 
Maupin,  A.M.,  a  graduate  of  Lagrange  College, 
Mo.,  is  its  first  president.  He  was  chosen  for  five 
years.     The    curriculum    of  the    institution    com- 


MITCHEL 


808 


MITCHELL 


pares  favorably  with  other  colleges.  It  has  a  three 
years'  preparatory  course  and  a  four  years'  collegi- 
ate. The  faculty  is  composed  ofiten  able  instruc- 
tors. The  charter  of  the  college  was  granted  March 
19, 1879.  It  is  one  of  the  most  liberal  in  the  State. 
The  school  is  open  to  male  and  female  students. 
One  hundred  and  thirty-nine  students  attended  the 
first  year.  A  large,  number  of  students  have  been 
converted  the  past  year.  The  college  has  a  new 
and  beautiful  building  and  six  acres  of  ground. 
Rev.  N.  T.  Allison  is  principal  of  the  preparatoi-y 
department. 

Mitchel,  Rev.  George,  was  born  in  England, 
Sept.  5,  1820.  He  was  converted  and  baptized 
in  1838.  He  studied  at  Horton  College,  in  Brad- 
ford, England,  and  in  Edinburgh  University,  Scot- 
land. He  was  ordained  in  England  in  July,  1847, 
and  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Hors- 
forth,  England,  where  he  labored  four  years,  and 
three  at  Irwell,  Terrace  chapel,  Bacup.  He  came 
to  America  in  1855  ;  had  charge  of  the  church  at 
Beverly,  N.  J.,  for  three  years  ;  was  pastor  of  the 
Fourth  Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  for  two 
years,  in  which  he  built  the  present  house  of  wor- 
ship ;  the  church  prospered  under  his  ministry. 
In  1860  he  became  pastor  at  Lebanon.  During 
the  war  he  practised  medicine  and  preached  Christ. 
After  the  war  he  organized  churches  in  Southwest 
Missouri.  He  was  pastor  at  Bolivar,  Mo.  In 
1874  he  went  to  California,  and  returned  soon  after 
to  Kansas,  and  preached  at  Hiawatha  for  two  years 
with  success, — a  stroke  of  palsy  closed  his  labors 
there.  He  retui'ned  to  Bolivar,  Mo.,  and  bore  his 
affliction  with  patience.     He  died  May  27,  1879. 

In  both  his  pastorates  in  England  he  was  popu- 
lar and  useful,  and  in  this  country  his  labors  were 
successful. 

Mitchell,  Rev.  Edward,  was  born  in  the  island 
of  Martinique  in  1794.  He  followed  the  sea  in  his 
early  life,  but  having  been  hopefully  converted  and 
baptized  by  Rev.  Dr.  Staughtoit,  his  attention  was 
at  once  turned  to  the  Christian  ministry.  He  en- 
tered Dartmouth  College,  and  graduated  with  honor 
in  1828.  Soon  after  leaving  college  he  was  called 
to  become  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Burke, 
Vt.  In  1834  he  became  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Eaton,  Canada  East,  where  he  remained  until  1838, 
when  lie  was  called  to  the  church  in  West  Ilatley, 
Canada  East,  where  he  continued  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  March  31,  1872.  "He  was  re- 
garded as  the  most  profound  theologian  ever  settled 
in  the  section  in  which  he  passed  so  many  years 
of  his  useful  life." 

Mitchell,  Edward  C,  D.D.,  was  born  at  East 
Briilgewater,  IMass.,  Sept.  20,  1829.  His  early  re- 
ligious training  was  of  the  Unitarian  type.  Wiiile 
a  student  in  Waterville  College,  Me.,  he  was  eon- 
verted,  and  became  a  member  of  a  Baptist  church. 


lie  was  graduated  in  1849.  He  entered  Newton 
Theological  Seminary,  and  was  graduated  in  1853. 
He  was  first  settled  as  pastor  in  Calais,  Me.,  where 
he  was  ordained  in  1854.  After  three  years  he  re- 
moved to  Rockford,  111.,  where  he  founded  the  State 
Street  Baptist  church,  and  remained  the  pastor  for 
five  years.  In  1862  he  was  appointed  Professor 
of  Biblical  Interpretation  in  the  theological,  de- 
partment of  Shurtleff  College,  in  Illinois,  which 
position  he  tilled  during  seven  years.  In  1870 
he  was  elected  to  the  professorship  of  Hebrew 
and  Old  Testament  Literature  in  the  Baptist  Union 
Theological  Seminary,  Chicago.  He  tilled  this 
chair  eight  years.  Then  he  accepted  an  appoint- 
ment to  the  professorship  of  Biblical  Interpreta- 
tion in  Regent's  Park  Baptist  College,  in  London, 
England.  He  then  became  the  president  of  the  Bap- 
tist Theological  School  of  Paris,  France.  He  is 
the  author  of  "  The  Critical  Hand-Book,  a  Guide 
to  the  Stndy  of  the  Authenticitj'*  the  Canon,  and 
the  Text  of  the  Greek  New  Testament,"  also  "Ge- 
senius's  Hebrew  Grammar,  Translated  by  Davis, 
thoroughly  Revised  and  Enlarged."  He  is  a  fine 
scholar,  and  eminently  successful  in  the  line  of 
labor  to  which  he  has  devoted  his  life. 

Mitchell,  John,  D.D. — This  gentleman,  known 
as  "  the  beloved  disciple,"  was  born  in  Bertie  Co., 
N.  C,  in  1829  ;  profeSsed  faith  in  Christ  at  Wake 
Forest  College  in  1851  ;  graduated  in  1852;  studied 
theology  at  Greenville,  S.  C. ;  was  agent  for  the 
endowment  of  Wake  Forest  College  in  1856-57 ; 
was  pastor  at  Hillsborough  and  Greensborough  ; 
settled  as  pastor  in  Chowan  Association  after  the 
war  ;  took  charge  of  the  Asheville  church  in  1875  ; 
returned  to  Murfreesborough  in  1879,  where  he 
now  resides.  Dr.  Mitchell  is  a  trustee  of  Wake 
Forest,  and  olso  of  Chowan  Female  Institute,  and 
was  made  a  D.D.  by  his  alma  mater  iu  1876. 

Mitchell,  Rev.  J.  F.,  a  leading  minister  in 
Spring  River  Association,  Ark.,  was  born  in  North 
Carolina  in  1823.  He  subsequently  removed  to 
Georgia,  where  he  began  to  preach  in  1853.  He 
spent  five  years  preaching  in  that  State,  and  just  at 
the  commencement  of  the  civil  war  he  was  called  to 
the  pastorate  at  Jacksonville,  Florida,  but  owing  to 
the  disturbed  state  of  the  country  he  removed  to 
TexaiS,  where  he  remained  until  after  the  war.  His 
labors  were  greatly  blessed  in  that  State.  After 
laboring  in  Texas  five  years,  he  removed  to  Benton 
Co.,  Ark.,  where  he  has  been  an  active  co-worker 
with  Jasper  Dunegan.  He  has  baptized  during 
his  ministry  615  persons. 

Mitchell,  Rev.  S.  H.,  was  born  in  Washington 
Co.,  Ind.,  Feb.  20,  1S30.  He  removed  to  Iowa  in 
1855.  He  was  baptized  at  Oskaloosa  in  1859.  At 
the  time  of  his  baptism  he  looked  upon  teaching  as 
his  probable  life-work.  In  1862  he  was  licensed  to 
preach,  and  not  long  after  he  was  oi'dained.     In 


.VIZE 


809 


MONRO  fa 


1863  he  was  apfwinted  general  missionary  and 
financial  agent  of  the  Iowa  Baptist  State  Conven- 
tion, and  continued  in  this  position  till  October, 
1869.  During  this  period  he  traveled  3n,()()()  miles 
over  the  State,  2"), ()()()  of  which  were  by  luirseback 
and  buggy.  It  was  a  t\\t\t\  of  great  activity  and 
growth  in  the  Convention  work,  as  is  shown  l)y  the 
increased  number  of  missionaries  employed,  and 
the  amount  of  funds  collected.  In  1862  there  were 
only  six  missionaries  employed,  and  less  than  SIOUO 
collected.  In  1868  there  were  thirty,  and  nearly 
$6500  were  collected. 

Jan.  1,  1870,  Mr.  iMitcliell  settled  as  pastor  at 
Ames,  Iowa,  and  remained  five  years,  doing  a  good 
work.  Lots  were  purchased,  and  a  substantial 
meeting-house  built.  During  1875  he  labored  as 
financial  agent  for  the  University  of  Des  Moines. 
In  February,  1876,  be  became  pastor  at  Shell  Rock, 
Iowa,  and  in  July,  1877,  began  bis  ministry  at 
Grundy  Centre,  Iowa,  where  he  still  labors,  having 
now  entered  upon  his  fourth  year  of  service.  There 
are  few  men  in  Iowa  so  well  and  favorably  known 
among  the  Baptists,  or  whose  labors  have  had  as 
wide  a  range  or  as  marked  effects  in  State  missions. 

Mize,  Rev.  T.  S.,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1840,  at 
CarroUton,  Carroll  Co..  111.  lie  made  a  profession 
of  religion  at  the  age  of  twelve  years  ;  was  grad- 
uated at  Shurtleff  College  at  twenty  years  of  age  ; 
pursued  his  theological  studies  at  Rochester,  N.  Y. ; 
ordained  at  Faribault,  Minn. ;  settled  at  Clinton 
Junction,  Wis.,  January,  1867,  and  died  April  29, 
1872.  Great  humility  and  modesty,  and  great 
fidelity  to  Christ  and  the  church  were  his  crown- 
ing characteristics. 

Moffat,  Judg^e  John  S.,  a  well-known  Baptist 
layman  of  Hudson.  Wis.,  was  born  on  the  2')th  of 
November.  1814,  in  Lansing,  Tompkins  Co.,  N.  Y. 
His  grandfather,  Rev.  John  Moffat,  emigrated  from 
Ireland  with  a  colony,  with  which  also  came  the 
Clintons,  who  settled  in  New  York.  lie  was  a 
Presbyterian  clergyman  of  fine  classical  and  theo- 
logical attainments.  Judge  Moffat's  parents  were 
Samuel  and  Ann  (Siiaw)  Moffat.  They  were  Chris- 
tians, and  early  in  life  began  to  instruct  him  in 
the  principles  of  morality  and  religion  ;  he  received 
his  education  in  the  schools  of  the  neighborhood. 
At  eighteen  he  entered  the  counting-room  of  a 
merchant  in  Dryden,  X.  Y.,  as  assistant.  Here  he 
remained  two  years.  At  twenty  he  entered  the 
academy  at  Homer.  He  also  studied  at  the  acad- 
emy at  Groton. 

In  1840,  Mr.  Moffat  entered  the  law-office  of 
Coryden  Tyler,  of  Dryden,  and,  although  admitted 
to  the  bar,  he  engaged  for  several  years  in  mercan- 
tile pursuits.  In  18.54,  Mr.  Moffat  came  to  Hud- 
son, Wis.,  which  has  since  been  his  home.  Upon 
his  arrival  here  he  obtained  a  position  in  tiie  land- 
office,  which,  together  with  the  position  of  police 
62 


justice,  he  held  for  many  years.  Since  January, 
1870,  he  has  held  the  office  of  county  judge.  He 
also  practises  extensively  in  the  courts,  and  pre- 
sides over  one  of  the  largest  insurance  and  collect- 
ing agencies  in  the  Northwest. 

Judge  Moffat  is  a  thorough-going  Ciiristian  gen- 
tleman. For  many  years  he  lias  been  a  nieinlier 
of  the  Baptist  church.  In  the  churcii  at  Hudson 
he  is  a  deacon  and  Sunday-school  superintendent. 
He  is  a  man  of  commanding  influence,  which  he 
devotes  to  the  best  interests  of  the  community 
where  he  resides.  Temperance  and  pul)lic  virtue 
and  morality  have  in  him  an  ardent  friend.  He 
exemplifies  these,  as  well  as  the  graces  of  pure  re- 
ligion, in  bis  own  daily  life. 

Mrs.  Moffat's  maiden  name  was  Nancy  Ann 
Bennet.  She  is  a  daughter  of  Phineas  Bennet,  a 
well-known  inventor  of  New  York.  They  were 
married  .Jan.  24,  1844.  .She  is  in  perfect  accord 
with  Mr.  Moffat  in  all  his  Christian  and  philan- 
thropic labors,  and  an  active  and  influential  mem- 
ber of  the  Baptist  church  in  Hudson. 

Monroe   Female  College, — This  institution, 

situated  in  the  village  of  Forsyth,  Monroe  Co.,  Ga., 
was  founded  in  the  year  1849,  under  the  title  of 
For-syth  Female  Collegiate  Institute.  Rev.  E.  J.  C. 
Thomas  lieing  the  first  president.  A  few  years 
afterwards  Rev.  AVm.  C.  Wilkes,  a  graduate  of 
Mercer  University,  was  elected  president,  and  he 
managed  the  college  with  great  energy  and  success 
until  the  close  of  the  year  1866,  except  when  it  wa8 
temporarily  suspended  during  the  war.  Rev.  S. 
G.  Ilillyer,  a  graduate  of  Franklin  College,  and 
for  many  years  a  pi'ofessor  in  Mercer  University, 
was  its  next  president.  Dr.  Ilillyer,  who  is  both 
an  excellent  scholar  and  an  eminent  divine,  ad- 
ministered its  affairs  with  great  success  until  1S72, 
when  R.  T.  Asbury  succeeded,  only  to  give  way  in 
turn  to  Dr.  Ilillyer,  in  the  spring  of  1880. 

The  management  of  this  excellent  college  has 
always  been  in  Baptist  hands,  and  year  after  year 
has  sent  out  large  classes  of  well-educated  young 
ladies.  In  1879  its  beautiful  building  was  con- 
sumed by  fire,  but  it  is  now  being  rebuilt  in  a  more 
handsome  style.  The  exercises,  in  the  meanwhile, 
are  still  continued. 

Monroe,  Rev.  John. — No  minister  in  North 
Carolina  of  any  <leiioniination  is  more  respected 
for  his  piety  and  usefulness  than  this  venerable 
man.  He  was  born  in  Richmond  Co.,  N.  C,  in 
October,  1804.  His  parents  emigrated  from  the 
Highlands  of  Scotland  in  1  03.  He  was  baptized 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Spring  Hill  Baptist  church 
in  1819;  began  to  jireach  in  1825;  has  lal)ored  ex- 
tensively in  the  counties  of  Anson,  Richmond,  and 
Robeson,  N.  C,  and  Marlborough,  S.  C,  and  during 
the  fifty-five  years  of  his  ministry  he  has  been  pas- 
tor of  the  Spring  Hill  church.     For  twenty  years 


MONROE 


810 


MONTAGUE 


he  was  moderator  of  the  Pedee  Baptist  Associa- 
tion, and  would  still  fill  that  place  did  the  infirmi- 
ties of  age  permit. 

Monroe,  Rev.  William  Y.,  was  born  in  Old- 
ham Co.,  Ky.,  April  3,  1824  ;  removed  with  his 
father  to  Scott  Co.,  Ind.,  in  1834,  and  joined  the 
Methodist  church  in  1842.  About  this  time  his 
mind  was  exercised  in  respect  to  his  entering  upon 
the  work  of  the  ministry.  He  began  a  thorough 
search  of  the  Bible ;  the  result  was  that  ha  became 
a  minister  and  a  Baptist.  He  was  ordained  in  1850, 
and  has  been  the  pastor  of  the  North  Madison  Bap- 
tist church  for  twenty-three  years.  He  was  elected 
treasurer  of  his  county  two  consecutive  terms,  and 
has  been  sent  to  the  State  Legislature  two  sessions. 
He  was  elected  president  of  the  Indiana  State  Con- 
vention in  1878.  He  is  a  man  of  deep  piety,  mod- 
esty, and  profound  convictions.  , 

Montague,  Rev.  Howard  W.,  the  eldest  son 

of  the  Rev.  Philip  Montague,  .was  born  in  Middle- 
sex Co.,  Va.,  Oct.  10,  1810.  He  was  baptized  by 
his  father  in  November,  1831.  In  1838  he  married 
Miss  Mildred  C.  Broaddus,  daughter  of  the  Rev. 
Andrew  Broaddus.  He  was  ordained  to  the  min- 
istry in  1840.  During  his  ministerial  career  of 
thirty-six  years  he  was  at  different  times  pastor  of 
the  following  churches,'— Mount  Zion,  Ephesus, 
Howerton's,  and  Upper  Essex,  in  the  county  of 
Essex ;  Bethel,  in  the  county  of  Caroline ;  and 
Shiloh  and  Round  Hill,  in  King  George.  In  addi- 
tion to  these  he  had  stated  appointments  at  several 
other  churches,  besides  being  a  frequent  and  zeal- 
ous worker  in  protracted  meetings  in  his  own  and 
neighboring  churches.  The  one  great  object  of  his 
life  was  to  preach  the  gospel  plainly  and  faithfully 
to  men,  and  he  did  it  with  great  earnestness,  power, 
and  success.  He  was  a  laborious  worker  in  the 
ministry,  forgetting  himself  and  laying  all  his  ener- 
gies on  the  altar  of  the  Master.  He  possessed  a 
vigorous  intellect,  was,  a  strong  thinker,  and  in  his 
style  of  preaching  was  impressive  and  stimulating. 
His  own  life  exemplified  the  doctrines  of  godliness, 
and  all  who  were  acquainted  with  him  knew  that 
Christ  was  the  moving  spring  of  his  entire  actions. 
He  died  June  9,  1876,  leaving  to  the  churches  of 
his  love  and  labors  the  memories  of  a  character 
fragrant  with  the  graces  of  the  Spirit. 

Montague,  Rev.  J.  E.,  was  born  in  Granville 
Co.,  N.  C,  in  1818;  baptized  in  1839;  educated 
at  Wake  Forest  College;  was  ordained  in  1850, 
Revs.  R.  I.  Devin  and  S.  Creath  forming  the  Pres- 
bytery ;  and  has  been  the  successful  pastor  of  Mill 
Creek  and  Bethel  churches,  Person  County,  for 
twenty-six  years. 

Montague,  Judge  Robert  L.,  was  born  in  Mid- 
dlesex Co.,  Va.,  May  23,  1819.  His  parents  were 
zealous  members  of  a  Baptist  church.  His  educa- 
tion was  begun  at  a  small  country  school.     He  was 


afterwards  sent  to  Fleetwood  Academy,  in  the 
county  of  King  and  Queen,  conducted  by  that  ac- 
complished teacher,  Oliver  White,  to  be  prepared 
for  college.     From  this  school  he  went  to  William 


JUDGE    ROBERT    L.  MONTAGUE. 

and  Mary  College,  where,  in  July  of  1842,  he  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Laws,  graduating 
also  in  the  school  of  political  economy.  He  re- 
turned to  the  college  the  next  session,  and  contin- 
ued his  studies  in  legal  and  political  science,  and 
then  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law.  He  was 
baptized  in  August,  1842,  by  the  Rev.  .Air.  Street, 
and  united  with  the  Glebelanding  church,  of  w'lich 
he  has  continued  a  member  till  the  present,  being 
actively  identified  with  all  the  movements  of  the 
denomination,  and  serving  most  efiiciently  for  sev- 
eral years  the  General  Baptist  Association  of  Vir- 
ginia as  its  president.  Having  begun  the  practice 
of  law  in  1844,  Judge  Montague  was  appointed,  in 
1845,  the  Commonwealth's  attorney  for  Middlesex 
County,  which  position  he  held  with  efiiciency  and 
honor  for  nineteen  years  and  then  resigned.  In 
1850  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Virginia 
Legislature,  and  was  re-elected  in  1851,  but  he  re- 
signed without  serving.  In  1852  he  was  a  Presi- 
dential elector,  and  was  the  messenger  of  the  elec- 
toral college  to  convey  the  vote  of  Virginia  to 
Washington  ;  and  in  1856  he  was  again  a  Presi- 
dential elector.  In  1859  he  was  elected  lieutenant- 
governor  of  the  State.  This  office  he  held  for  the 
constitutional  period  of  four  years.  In  February, 
1861,  he  was  elected  by  the  people  of  Middlesex 
and  Mathews  Counties  to  represent  them  in  the 


MONTANYE 


811 


MOODY 


secession  convention  ;  and  in  April  of  the  same 
year  he  was  chosen  by  tiie  convention  a  member  of 
the  executive  council  to  aid  the  governor  in  his  ar- 
duous and  responsible  duties.  He  was  elected  pres- 
ident of  tlic  convention  at  its  last  session,  and  it  is 
11  singular  fact  that  Judg(!  Montague  while  presid- 
ing over  this  body  was  also  the  president  of  the 
^'irginia  senate  for  nearly  a  month,  both  bodies 
sitting  in  the  same  building,  so  that,  in  order  to 
accommodate  the  presiding  oflScer,  the  hours  of 
meeting  for  both  bodies  had  to  be  changed.  In 
l<sr)3  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Confederate 
Congress,  and  served  in  that  body  till  its  last  ses- 
sion ;  after  which  time,  until  1873,  he  remained  in 
private  life,  giving  himself  entirely  to  the  practice 
of  his  profession.  In  1873  he  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Virginia  Legislature  by  the  people  of 
Middlesex  County,  and  in  March,  187;'),  he  was 
elected  by  the  Legislature  judge  of  the  eighth  ju- 
dicial circuit.  Although  Judge  ISIontague's  nu- 
merous official  duties  prevented  him  from  adding 
much  to  the  literature  of  the  denomination,  he 
made  a  great  many  public  addresses  on  various 
subjects,  many  of  which  have  been  published  and 
widely  read  throughout  the  State.  Although  much 
in  public  and  political  life,  no  man  sustained  a 
more  honorable  reputation.  He  died  during  the 
summer  of  1880. 

Montanye,  Rev.  Thomas  B.,  was  born  Jan. 
29,  1769,  in  New  York.  When  seventeen  years  of 
age  he  was  baptized  by  the  Rev.  John  Gano  into 
the  fellowship  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  that 
city.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
of  Warwick,  N.  Y.,  when  only  nineteen  years  of 
age.  In  1801  he  became  pastor  of  the  Southamp- 
ton church,  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.  He  held  this  position 
till  death  summoned  him  to  the  church  in  glory, 
Sept.  27,  1829.  Mr.  Montanye  was  one  of  the 
most  popular  Baptist  ministers  in  the  eastern  part 
of  Pennsylvania,  where  his  name  was  familiar  to 
most  professors  of  religion.  No  man  in  the  Bap- 
tist ranks  stood  higher  than  he.  His  church  trusted 
and  loved  him,  and  he  and  his  Southampton  brethren 
walked  in  harmony  with  the  Baptist  brotherhood 
everywhere.  In  preaching,  his  theme  was  the 
cross,  and  he  possessed  great  power  in  setting  forth 
the  matchless  glories  of  the  suffering  Saviour.  His 
memory  is  tenderly  cherished  all  over  Bucks  County 
at  this  day. 

Montgomery,  Rev.  W.  A.,  was  born  in  Jeffer- 
son Co.,  Tenn.,  Nov.  16,  1829.  He  was  converted 
and  baptized  in  his  fourteenth  year.  He  entered 
the  University  of  Tennessee,  at  Knoxville,  in  1845, 
and  graduated  with  the  first  honor  of  his  class  in 
1850;  read  law  with  the  IIon.E.  Alexander,  judge 
of  the  Knoxville  Circuit  Court.  He  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  the  fiill  of  1851.  He  removed  to 
Texas  in  1855.     He  served  as  a  member  from  AVash- 


ington  County  in  the  secession  convention  in  1861. 
He  was  licensed  to  preach  while  in  the  Confederate 
army  in  1862.  He  continued  in  it  until  the  close 
of  the  war;  removed  to  Leadvale,  Tenn.,  in  1867. 
He  was  ordained  to  the  work  of  the  ministry  in 
1868.  He  received  his  D.D.  from  Carson  College 
in  1870,  and  from  the  University  of  Tennessee  in 
1876.  He  was  pastor  first  of  Leadvale  and  Dan- 
dridge  churches  from  1868  to  1872;  then  of  First 
church,  Lynchburg,  Va.,  until  1877.  He  was  cor- 
responding secretary  of  the  Southwestern  Board 
for  eighteen  months.  He  is  now  the  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Memphis,  Tenn. 

Dr.  Montgomery  possesses  rare  ability  as  an 
evangelist.  The  numerous  protracted  meetings 
held  by  him,  in  which  his  labors  were  singularly 
blessed,  abundantly  show  this.  In  the  pulpit  his 
manner  is  solemn  ;  his  words  and  arguments  are 
logical,  instructive,  and  convincing.  He  is  among 
the  most  prominent  preachers  in  the  State. 

Montreal  College. — This  institution  owes  its 
origin  to  the  conviction  among  the  Baptists  of 
Canada  that,  in  order  to  prosecute  their  denom- 
inational work  in  the  provinces,  a  native,  edu- 
cated ministry  must  be  raised  up  to  do  this  work. 
The  funds  necessary  to  commence  the  undertaking 
having  been  secured.  Dr.  Benjamin  Davies,  then 
living  in  England,  came  to  Montreal  in  1839,  and 
took  charge  of  what  was  called  the  Baptist  Theo- 
logical College,  the  original  design  being  to  have 
but  two  instructors,  a  principal  and  a  tutor,  to 
train  the  young  men  who  proposed  to  enter  the 
Christian  ministry.  Buildings  were  secured,  the 
necessary  preparations  made,  and  a  few  students 
connected  themselves  with  the  new  institution. 
In  1843,  Dr.  Davies  was  called  to  England  to  take 
the  presidency  of  Stepney  College,  now  Regent's 
Park  College,  London,  and  Rev.  Dr.  Fyfe  occupied 
the  place  thus  made  vacant  for  one  year.  In  1844, 
Dr.  J.  M.  Cramp  entered  upon  his  duties  as  presi- 
dent of  the  college.  A  fine,  cut-stone  building  was 
erected  on  a  commanding  site  in  the  city  of  Mon- 
treal, and  the  prospects  of  the  institution  wore  an 
encouraging  aspect.  But  it  wiis  not  long  before 
financial  embarrassment  crippled  the  energies  of 
those  who  had  been  foremost  in  promoting  the  in- 
terests of  the  college.  The  "  hard  times"  of  1848-50 
destroyed  all  hope  of  raising  funds,  which  it  had 
been  thought  could  be  obtained  in  England.  There 
was  no  alternative  but  to  sell  the  college  property, 
to  pay  off,  as  far  as  possible,  the  debts  of  the  insti- 
tution. Apparently  the  experiment  to  establish  a 
Baptist  theological  college  in  Montreal  had  proved 
a  failure,  and  the  friends  of  ministerial  education 
must  look  for  success  in  some  other  quarter.  (.See 
article  on  Canadian  Literauv  Institute.) 

Moody,  Lady. — This  titled  lady  lived  at  Lynn, 
Mass.,  in  1640.     She  purchased  the  estate  of  Mr. 


MOORE 


MOORE 


lluinplirey,  oneof  the  inaj^istrates,  and  intended  to 
become  a  permanent  resident.  Soon  after  making 
her  abode  at  Lynn  she  embraced  the  principles  of  the 
Baptists  ;  and  then  neither  her  cliaracter  nor  her 
position  in  society  could  avail  her  anything.  She 
was  compelled  to  withdraw  from  the  Congregational 
citizens  of  Lynn  and  seek  a  home  on  Long  Island 
among  the  Dutch,  who,  like  their  liberal  country- 
men in  Holland,  gave  her  a  generous  welcome. 
•  And  when  the  Indians  came  to  Long  Island  to  kill 
its  Dutch  settlers,  forty  of  them  defended  the  house 
of  Lady  Moody  at  the  peril  of  their  lives.  In  that 
day  to  embrace  Baptist  principles  was  to  invite 
expatriation,  if  not  something  worse,  even  from 
American  Christians. 

Illoore,  David,  S.D.,  was  born  in  Northumber- 
land, England,  March  2S,  1822.  He  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1834.  He  received  4  superior 
education,  and  being  called  of  God  to  the  ministry, 
he  was  ordained,  in  June,  1852,  as  pastor  of  the 
Gaines  and  Murray  churches,  N.  Y.  In  1855  he 
accepted  a  call  to  the  Le  Roy  church  in  the  same 
State  ;  in  1860  he  became  pastor  of  the  Washington 
Street  church,  Buffalo;  and  in  1864  he  took  the 
oversight  of  the  AVashington  Avenue  church, 
Brooklyn,  from  which  he-  retired,  through  im- 
paired health,  in  1876.  He  is  now  pastor  of  the 
church  of  Geneva,  N.  Y. 

He  has  published  several  occasional  sermons, 
essays,  and  addresses,  and  was,  till  the  failure  of 
liis  health,  an  active  manager  of  the  American  Bap- 
tist Home  Mission  Society,  the  Long  Island  Mission 
Board,  and  of  other  denominational  institutions. 

Few  men  in  the  Baptist  denomination  have 
wielded  a  wider  or  more  beneficial  influence.  As 
a  preacher,  he  is  lucid,  sound,  earnest,  and  elo- 
quent. As  a  pastor,  sympathizing,  magnetic,  and 
faithful,  and,  in  all  the  councils  of  his  brethren, 
capable,  practical,  and  prudent. 

Moore,  Rev.  Ferris,  was  born  in  Putney,  Vt., 
Dec.  31,  1796,  united  by  baptism  with  the  church 
June  24,  1816,  and  was  ordained  Dec.  30,  1819.  at 
Keene,  N.  II.,  where  he  was  the  pastor  of  the 
church  for  two  years.  Subsequently  he  was  settled 
at  New  Ipswich,  N.  II.,  Canton,  Mass.,  and  at 
Saratoga,  N.  Y.  From  April,  1846,  to  the  fall  of 
1857  he  preached  every  alternate  Sabbath  at  South 
Lee,  Mass.,  where  he  died  April  7,  1858. 

Moore,  John  L.,  D.D.,  one  of  the  pioneer  Bap- 
tists of  Ohio,  was  born  in  Lewis  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb. 
17,  1803,  and  was  converted  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
two.  In  1831  he  graduated  from  Hamilton,  and 
one  week  after  his  graduation  was  ordained  at 
AVatertown,  N.  Y.,  with  special  reference  to  the 
AVcstern  field.  In  Oi-tolicr  of  the  same  year,  in  com- 
pany with  three  of  his  classmates,  AVilliam  Choffoc, 
Alviii  Bailey,  and  G.  Bartlett,  he  visited  Cleveland, 
then  a  village  of  1000  inhabitants.     From  it  he 


went  to  Columbus,  where  there  was  a  small  Bap- 
tist church,  and  thence  to  Cincinnati,  where  there 
were  then  three  Baptist  churches.  After  a  short 
stay  in  Cincinniiti  he  visited  the  towns  of  the  Miami 
valley.  At  Hamilton  he  met  with  a  very  severe 
accident,  by  which  his  face  was  terribly  burned 
and  the  sight  of  his  eyes  greatly  injured.  Nothing 
daunted  at  this,  however,  he  accepted  in  the  sprint; 
of  1832  an  appointment  by  the  Home  Mission  So- 
ciety, then  just  organized.  After  general  mission-* 
ary  work  he  became  pastor  of  the  church  of  Piqua, 
and  in  1834  gave  half  his  time  to  the  new  church 
at  Troy.  His  next  pastorate  was  with  the  church 
at  Dayton,  where  he  remained  two  years. 

For  eight  years  subsequent  to  this  Dr.  Moore 
was  the  general  agent  for  the  Ohio  State  Conven- 
tion. Part  of  his  time  was,  however,  devoted  t& 
the  interests  of  the  college  at  Granville,  of  which 
he  was  a  trustee  for  more  tiian  thirty  j'ears.  On 
resigning  his  agencj^  he  took  pastoral  charge  of  the 
church  in  Springfield,  0.,  which  position  he  held 
for  nearly  two  years,  when  he  gave  himself  to  the 
work  of  establishing  a  theological  institution  at 
Fairmount,  near  Cincinnati.  In  1855  he  was  ap- 
pointed an  exploring  missionary  for  Ohio  by  the 
State  Convention,  and  did  much  efiective  work. 
His  health  becoming  greatly  impaired  he  relin- 
quished this  position,  and  gave  himself  thence- 
forward to  a  more  quiet  life,  preaching,  however,  as 
he  found  opportunity,  and  making  himself  useful 
in  the  general  denominational  work.  In  the  same 
year  Denison  University  conferred  upon  him  the 
degree  of  D.D.  In  1870  he  removed  to  Topeka, 
Kan.,  where  he  remained  until  his  death,  Jan.  23, 
1878. 

Dr.  Moore  was  one  of  the  most  influential  and 
wealthy  of  the  early  Baptist  ministers  of  Ohio. 
His  memory  is  treasured  by  thousands  in  that 
State.  He  was  a  very  acceptable  preacher,  and  a 
man  of  most  excellent  spirit.  He  leaves  a  son  in 
the  ministry.  Rev.  A.  S.  ^Moore.  of  Salem,  0. 

Moore,  Rev.  Wm.,  was  born  near  Pisgah,  But- 
ler Co..  0.,  Dec.  8,  1 82 1  ;  was  baptized  by  Elder 
Daniel  Bryant  at  the  age  of  twenty;  studied  at 
Farmer's  College,  and  also  at  Granville  :  took  his- 
theological  course  at  the  Covington  Institute,  under 
Dr.  Patterson  ;  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  in  the 
autumn  of  1847,  at  the  Ninth  Street  church,  Cin- 
cinnati, and  shortly  afterwards  was  married  to  Miss 
E.  AY.  For))es.  In  company  with  Dr.  Jewett,  of  the 
Teloogoo  Mission,  he  was  set  apart  as  a  foreign 
missionary,  first  to  Assam,  and  afterwards,  at  tiie 
death  of  Mr.  BuUard,  to  the  Pwo  Karens,  Burmaii. 

He  sailed  with  his  wife  from  Boston,  in  the  ship 
'"Cato,"'  Nov.  2.  1847,  in  company  with  Brethren 
Danfortli.  Stoddard,  and  their  wives,  and  also 
Brethren  Simons  and  Brayton.  On  reaching  the 
heathen  land  he  entered  with  energy  upon  the 


MORAN 


813 


MOREHOUSE 


arduous  labor  of  acquiring  a  foreign  language. 
This  he  soon  accomplished,  and  was  permitted  to 
visit  the  Karens  in  their  distant  homes,  and  tell 
them  of  a  Saviour's  dying  love.  After  about  five 
years  of  lal)()r  his  health  began  to  fail,  and  before 
the  sixth  year  was  completed  it  was  manifest  to  all 
that  his  missionary  toils  were  ended,  at  least  for  a 
time.  His  voice  entirely  failed,  so  that  he  could 
speak  only  in  a  low  whisper.  With  great  reluctance 
he  bade  adieu  to  the  chosen  labors  of  his  life,  and 
returned  to  this  country.  Ho  located  first  at  Cin- 
cinnati, but,  not  being  able  to  preach,  he  went  to 
Middletown,  and  entered  into  business,  in  which 
he  continued  twenty-six  years,  until  his  death. 
Being  prompt,  reliable,  and  enterprising,  he  se- 
cured a  flattering  position  in  the  commercial 
world.  His  word  was  the  synonym  of  honor  iind 
fair-dealing. 

His  influence  was  always  im  the  side  of  right 
and  morality,  and  in  this  direction  it  was  mighty 
and  constant,  and  it  was  felt  for  the  improvement 
of  the  community.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
school  board  for  twelve  years,  and  president  of  the 
board  of  education  when  he  died.  In  the  church 
he  was  looked  upon  as  one  of  the  main  pillars, 
holding  the  office  of  deacon  from  1867  until  the 
close  of  his  life.  He  was  also  church  clerk  for  fif- 
teen years,  until  the  time  of  his  death,  and  during 
his  membership  he  was  a  constant  attendant  at  the 
Sabbath-school,  having  in  charge  the  adult  Bible- 
class.  In  his  teaching  he  was  clear  and  methodi- 
cal, and  eminently  useful.  He  was  not  only  a 
faithful  teacher,  but  a  true  friend,  and  a  wise 
counselor  to  all  his  class.  Even  after  they  left  the 
school  he  never  lost  sight  of  them,  but  watched  his 
opportunity  to  do  them  good.  It  brightens  our 
a|>preciation  of  his  goodness  to  remember  that  he 
himscdf  was  never  conscious  of  its  possession,  but 
hiborcd  diligently  each  day  as  though  the  results 
of  eternity  depended  upon  the  passing  hour.  Few 
men  have  been  more  honored  for  Christian  in- 
tegrity. His  unfaltering  devotion  to  the  church, 
his  familiarity  with  men,  his  sound  judgment,  and 
his  kindness  won  many  hearts  to  trust  the  Saviour 
whom  he  loved  and  honored.  With  an  unblemished 
reputation,  he  filled  up  the  measure  of  his  days. 
He  died  Sept.  29,  1880,  in  the  full  enjoyment  of 
the  Saviour's  love. 

Moran,  Rev.  M.  Y.,  an  able  minister  in  Lincoln 
Co.,  Ark.,  was  born  in  North  Carolina  in  ISIS;  at 
the  age  of  twenty-two  professed  Christ,  and  soon 
after  began  to  preach.  Having  settled  in  Somer- 
yille,  Tenn.,  in  1844,  he  studied  for  three  years, 
and  obtained  a  fair  knowledge  of  Greek,  Latin,  and 
mathematics.  He  was  ordained  in  IS.').");  after 
preaching  in  Tennessee  three  years  he  removed  to 
Bolivar  Co.,  Miss.,  where  he  organized  the  first 
church  in  the  county.     Here  he  continued  to  labor 


until  the  war.  In  1802  he  came  to  Arkansas  and 
settled  at  his  present  place  of  residence,  where  he 
has  preached  successfully  until  the  present  time. 
He  has  presided  several  times  as  moderator  of  Bar- 
tholomew Association,  of  Arkansas  IJaptist  Con- 
vention, and  the  (ieneral  Association  of  Southeast 
Arkansas. 

More,  Godwin  C,  M.D,,  was  born  in  Hertford 
Co.,  N.  C,  Nov.  7,  ISUG  ;  gra<luated  at  Ciiapel  Hill ; 
read  medicine  with  his  brother-in-law,  Dr.  Fletcher, 
and  graduated  in  medicine  at  Transylvania  Uni- 
versity. In  18')1  he  represented  his  native  county 
in  the  State  Legislature;  ran  fir  Congress  in  18.'i7, 
and  in  183S  became  moderator  of  the  Chowan  As- 
sociation, the  largest  body  of  the  kind  in  the  State, 
and  he  held  this  honoi'able  position  for  thirty 
years.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Legisla- 
ture again  in  1842,  and  also  in  1867.  He  was  a 
trustee  of  Wake  Forest  College,  and  for  many  years 
president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Chowan 
Female  Institute.  He  died  in  1880,  loved  and 
lamented  by  all  who  knew  him.  ' 

Morehead,  Gov.  James  T.,  an  able  lawyer, 

and  one  of  the  most  brilliant  orators  that  Kentucky 
has  produced,  was  born  in  Bullitt  Co.,  Ky.,  May 
24,  17y7.  He  attended  school  at  Russell ville,  and 
completed  his  education  at  Transylvania  Univer- 
sity. He  was  raised  in  the  faith  of  the  Baptists, 
but  delayed  uniting  with  the  church  until  late  in 
life,  for  which  he  expressed  much  regret.  He 
studied  law  at  Ilussellville,  and  commenced  prac- 
tice at  Bowling  Green  in  1818.  lie  was  elected  to 
the  Legislature  in  1828,  and  served  several  terms 
in  that  body.  He  was  elected  lieutenant-governor 
of  Kentucky  in  18.32,  and  became  governor  of  the 
State  upon  the  death  of  Gov.  Breathitt,  in  February, 
18;i4.  He  was  several  years  {)resident  of  the  board 
of  internal  improvements.  In  1841  he  was  elected 
to  the  U.  S.  Senate,  and  at  the  close  of  his  term,  in 
1847,  he  located  in  Covington,  Ky.  He  died  Dec. 
28,  1854. 
Morehead,  Rev.  Robert  W.,  A.M.,  was  bom 

in  Logan  Co.,  Ky.,  April  IM,  1SI!4.  He  entered 
Bethel  College  in  18.J4,  and  remained  two  years. 
In  18.36  he  entered  Union  University,  Tenn.,  where 
he  graduated  in  1859.  His  theological  studies  were 
pursued  under  the  supervision  of  Dr.  J.  M.  Pen- 
dleton. Ho  united  with  Union  Baptist  church, 
in  his  native  county,  in  1S49 ;  was  licensed  to 
preach  in  1856,  and  ordained  in  1859.  In  1860  he 
took  charge  of  Bethel  church,  in  Christian  County. 
For  several  years  he  has  been  the  beloved  and 
honored  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Princeton, 
Ky.  He  is  a  man  of  culture;  and  great  moral 
worth. 

Morehouse,  Henry  L.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Stan- 
ford, Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  2,  1S34.  Mr.  More- 
house was  graduated  at  the  University  of  Rochester 


MORELAND 


814 


MORGAN 


in  1858.  He  entered  Rochester  Theological  Semi- 
nary in  1861,  and  was  graduated  in  1864.  His  first 
settlement  was  at  East  Saginaw,  Mich.,  where  he 
remained  from, 1864  to  1873,  wh6n  he  was  called  to 
the  pastorate  of  the  East  Avenue  Baptist  church, 
in  Rochester.  Mr.  Morehouse  was  prominently 
identified  with  educational  and  State  missionary 
work  in  Michigan.  He  was  for  some  time  corre- 
sponding and  financial  agent  of  the  New  York  Bap- 
tist Union  for  Ministerial  Education,  which  has 
charge  of  the  theological  seminary  at  Rochester. 
He  was  elected  to  that  position  in  1877.  His  re- 
port in  "Vindication  of  the  Beneficiary  System" 
won  for  him  high  encomiums  from  the  first  educa- 
tors of  the  country.  He  has  also  published  several 
able  sermons.  He  was  poet  of  the  alumni  of  Roch- 
ester University  in  1874.  His  racy  and  very  read- 
able contributions  to  the  Examiner  and  Chronicle, 
over  the  signature  "  Helmo,"  have  earned  him  a 
good  reputation.  His  church"  has  greatly  prospered 
under  his  ministry,  and  his  earnest  labors  for  the 
seminary  have  secured  for  him  the  respect  of  all  the 
friends  of  ministerial  education  in  the  State  and  in 
the  many  States  where'  Rochester  is  represented. 
He  is  now  the  able  corresponding  secretary  of  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society. 

Moreland,  Rev.  W.  C,  for  nine  years  pastor 
at  Arcadia,  La.,  was  born  in  Georgia  in  1824;  for 
nineteen  years  a  preacher  in  the  Methodist  connec- 
tion ;  in  1864  he  was  ordained  as  a  Baptist  minister. 
He  came  to  Louisiana  in  1848.  He  has  served  the 
following  Baptist  churches  acceptably :  Homer, 
Rock  Spring,  and  Antioch,  in  Claiborne  Parish, 
and  Liberty,  Mount  Gilead,  and  Arcadia  churches, 
in  Bienville  Parish. 

Morell,  Rev.  Z.  N.,  was  born  in  Tennessee ;  is 
now  about  eighty  years  old  ;  commenced  preaching 
at  an  early  age  after  his  conversion,  and  was  suc- 
cessful as  a  minister  in  Tennessee  and  Mississippi ; 
removed  to  Texas  in  1835;  was  intimately  associ- 
ated with  the  early  warriors,  civilians,  and  ministers 
who  founded  the  republic  of  Texas  and  organized 
the  State.  He  was  one  of  the  originators  of  the 
State  Convention  and  Education  Society  of  Texas. 
His  book,  "  Flowers  and  Fruits ;  or,  Thirty-six 
Years  in  Texas,"'  published  in  1872,  by  Gould  & 
Lincoln,  Boston,  is  full  of  remarkable  incidents 
touching  religious,  civil,  and  martial  life,  written 
in  a  style  of  masculine  vigor. 

Morey,  Rev.  Reuben,  a  native  of  Fabius,  Onon- 
daga Co.,  N.  Y.,  wliere  he  was  born  Feb.  21,  1805, 
obtained  a  hope  in  Christ  in  early  life,  and  united 
with  the  Baptist  Church.  Having  strong  convic- 
tions that  it  was  his  duty  to  preach  the  gospel,  he 
soon  after  his  conversion  began  the  work  of  prep- 
aration. He  was  educated  at  Hamilton  Literary 
and  Theological  Institution  and  at  Brown  Univer- 
sity.    Dr.  Wayland  was  president  at  Brown  while 


he  was  there,  and  he  left  upon  his  student  the 
impress  of  his  own  strong  intellect  and  powerful 
grasp  of  truth.  Dr.  J.  R.  Loomis,  president  of 
Lewisbiirg  University,  Dr.  Ives,  of  Suffield,  Conn., 
and  Dr.  William  Dean,  of  Bangkok,  Siam.  were 
among  his  intimate  friends  at  college.  After  his 
graduation  from  Brown  University  he  was  ordained 
and  settled  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Mad- 
ison, Ind.  His  subsequent  pastorates  were  at  Louis- 
ville, Ky.,  North  Attleborough,  Mass.,  Homer,  Wy- 
oming, and  Arcade,  N.  Y.,  Delavan  and  Tonica,  Hi., 
and  Merton,  Wis.  His  longest  pastorate  was  at 
North  Attleborough,  Mass.,  where  he  remained 
eight  years.  His  preaching  was  analytical  and 
doctrinal.  He  had  a  profound  reverence  for  the 
ministerial  office,  and  this  imparted  depth  and  so- 
lemnity to  his  public  services.  As  a  pastor  he  was 
peculiarly  gifted  for  efficient  labor  in  the  family  and 
with  the  individual.  He  was  a  tower  of  strength 
in  all  his  pastoral  labors  with  his  flock.  His  home 
during  the  closing  years  of  his  life  was  in  Wauke- 
sha, Wis.  Here  he  fell  asleep  in  Jesus,  Feb.  17, 
1880.  "Mark  the  perfect  man  and  behold  the  up- 
right, for  the  end  of  that  man  is  peace."' 

Morgan,  Rev.  Abel,  was  of  Welsh  descent,  and 
was  born  at  Welsh  Tract,  Del.,  April  18, 1713.  He 
was  baptized  when  about  twenty  j'ears  of  age,  and 
was  soon  afterwards  ordained.  He  had  laid  the 
foundation  of  the  learning  which  he  subsequently 
evinced  at  the  academy  in  Pencador.  In  1739  he 
took  chai'ge  of  the  church  in  Middletown,  N.  J.,  and 
continued  there  until  his  death,  in  1785.  The  period 
of  his  life  was  an  important  one,  and  he  was  equal 
to  the  work  demanded  from  him.  His  influence  and 
the  history  of  the  denomination  in  New  Jersey  and 
America  are  inseparably  connected.  He  had  a  good 
judgment,  unusual  literary  attainments,  a  logical 
mind,  and  a  very  valuable  library.  He  was  pow- 
erful in  debate ;  he  was  also  unsparing  in  labor  by 
night  and  by  daj'.  In  his  old  springless  cart  he 
rode  long  distances  to  preach  Jesus.  Dr.  Jones, 
in  his  century  sermon,  called  him  ''tiie  incompara- 
ble Morgan."'  Edwards  says  of  him,  "'He  was  not 
a  custom  divine,  nor  a  leading-string  divine,  but  a 
Bible  divine."  He  was  on  different  occasions 
challenged  to  debate  on  doctrine,  and  always  main- 
tained his  position.  In  1742  there  was  a  great  re- 
vival at  Cape  May,  in  which  Baptist  and  Presbyte- 
rian ministers  preached.  Too  many  of  the  converts 
"  took  to  the  Avater"'  to  suit  the  Presbj^terians.  Mr. 
Morgan  accepted  a  challenge  from  Rev.  Samuel 
Finley,  afterwards  president  of  Princeton  College, 
to  discuss  the  baptismal  question.  He  gained  a 
signal  triumph.  Mr.  Finley  tried  liis  pen,  and 
wrote  "A  Charitable  Pica  for  the  Speechless." 
ISIr.  ISIorgan  had  a  reply  printed,  under  tlie  title 
"  Anti-Ptvido  Rantisin,  or  Mr.  Samuel  Finley"s 
Charitable  Plea  for  the  Speechless  examined  and 


MORGAN 


815 


MORGAN 


refutod,  tho  Baptism  of  Iklievers  maintained,  and  Rev.  Lewis  Morgan,  a  pioneer  Baptist  preacher  in 

the  Mode  of  it  l)y  Immersion  vindicated,  by  Abel  Indiana,  and  he  was  born  at  Franklin,  in  that  State, 

Morgan,  of  Middletown,  in   East  Jersey.     Phila-  !  Aug.  17,  1H:59.     His  collegiate  course  he  pursued  at 

delphia,  printed  by  B.  Franklin,  in  Market  Street.  |  Franklin  College,  graduating  in  18GI.     T 

MDGCXLVII."     This  little  work  is  so  valuable  being  then  in  progress,  he  entered  the  Un 


and  scarce  that  it  sells  for  $12  or  more. 


REV.   ABEL    MORGAN. 

As  a  patriot,  his  trumpet  gave  no  uncertain 
sound.  Even  while  the  royal  troops  were  moving 
through  his  neighborhood,  after  the  battle  of  Mon- 
mouth, he  was  outspoken.  The  next  Sunday  he 
had  for  his  text,  "  Who  gave  Jacob  for  a  spoil  and 
Israel  to  the  robbers?"  He  says  in  his  diary,  that 
the  Sunday  after  that,  "  Preached  in  mine  own 
barn,  because  the  enemy  had  taken  out  all  the 
sesits  in  the  meeting-house."'  He  baptized  many 
persons,  and  was  the  means  of  converting  and  edi- 
fying many  more.  He  wrote  some  of  the  most  im- 
portant documents  issued  by  the  Philadelphia  As- 
sociation, and  was  frequently  called  by  it  to  preach 
and  preside.  His  many  manuscripts,  neatly  writ- 
ten, show  careful  preparation,  sound  doctrine,  and 
practical  application.  The  inscription  upon  his 
plain  tombstone  at  Middletown  is,  "  In  memory  of 
Abel  Morgan,  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Mid- 
dletown, who  departed  this  life  Nov.  24, 1785,  in  the 
73d  year  of  his  age.  His  life  was  blameless,  his 
ministry  was  powerful ;  he  was  a  burning  and 
shining  light,  and  his  memory  is  dear  to  the 
saints." 

Morgan,  T.  J.,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Church  His- 
tory in  the  Baptist  Union  Theological  Seminary 
at  Chicago,  is  of  Welsh  descent.     His  father  was 


The  war 
ion  ser- 
vice as  a  private,  and,  after  three  years  and  four 
months,  at  the  close  of  the  war,  resigned  as  colonel 
of  the  14tli  U.  S.  Colored  Infantry.  He  coinmanded 
a  division  at  the  battle  of  Nashville,  and  was  made, 
subsequently,  brevet  brigadier-general  for  "  gallant 
and  meritorious  service  during  the  war."  The 
struggle  having  closed,  Gen.  Morgan  decided  to 
enter  upon  study  for  the  ministry,  and  graduated 
at  Rochester  in  1868.  His  first  service  was  as 
secretary  of  the  New  York  Baptist  Union  for  Min- 
isterial Education.  At  the  end  of  three  years  he 
resigned  this  position,  and,  removing  to  Nebraska, 
served  in  that  State  as  pastor  for  one  year,  and 
two  years  as  president  of  the  Nebraska  State  Nor- 
mal vSchool,  being  complimented,  in  1874,  with  an 
appointment  by  President  Grant  as  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Visitors  at  West  Point.  In  Septem- 
ber of  the  year  last  named  he  entered  upon  his 
duties  as  professor  in  the  theological  seminary  at 
Chicago,  holding,  first,  the  chair  of  Ilomiletics, 
and  at  present  that  of  Church  History.  In  the 
year  1879  Dr.  Morgan  spent  four  months  in  study 
at  the  Universitj  of  Leipsic,  Germany',  and  in  the 
year  1880  five  months  in  European  travel  and  in 


T.  J.  MORGAN,  D.D. 


the  prosecution  of  historical  studies.  To  his  fine 
scholarly  attainments  and  ability  as  a  teacher  Dr. 
Morgan  adds  the  talent  of  a  "  ready  writer,"  and 


MORGAN 


816 


MORRIS 


has  contributed  largely  and  most  acceptably  to  the 
denominational  press. 

Morgan,  Rev,  William  D.,  was  born  in  Wales ; 
educated  at  Pontypool  College  ;  .came  to  America,, 
and  was  ordained  as  a  Baptist  minister  in  Plymouth, 
Pa. ;  settled  in  Ciiester,  Conn.,  in  1875,  and  with 
the  Third  Baptist  church  in  North  Stonington, 
Conn.,  in  the  spring  of  1877  ;  here  he  was  thrown 
from  a  carriage  and  instantly  killed,  May  7,  1878, 
aged  thirty-fdur  years. 

Morrill,  Rev.  Abner,  A.M.,  son  of  Deacon 
John  Adams  and  Mary  JMcDonald  Morrill,  was 
born  in  Limerick,  Me.,  Aug.  18,  1827;  was  con- 
verted while  a  student  in  college,  and,  though  edu- 
cated a  Pedobaptist,  united  with  the  Main  Street 
Baptist  church  in  Brunswick,  Me.  To  this  step  he 
was  led  by  a  careful  study  of  God's  AVord,  over- 
coming much  opposition.  He  graduated  from 
Bowdoin  College  in  1850.  He  was  called  to  the 
chair  of  Mathematics  and  Natural  Sciences  in  Mid- 
bury  Academy  the  same  year.  In  1852  he  became 
tutor  in  the  West  Tennessee  College,  Jackson, 
Tenn.  After  spending  several  years  in  teaching 
in  connection  with  various  institutions  in  the 
South,  he  returned  to  Maine  in  1859,  and  became 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Farmington.  He 
was  afterwai'ds  pastor  at  Turner  and  Mechanic 
Falls.  In  1865  he  came  to  New  York,  and  has 
been  pastor  of  the  churches  in  Warsaw  and  Arcade. 
He  is  now  settled  in  Painted  Post.  He  is  a  faith- 
ful minister,  a  good  preacher,  and  a  noble-minded 
citizen. 

Morrill,  Rev.  D.  T.,  the  present  (1880)  pastor 
of  the  Upper  Alton  Baptist  church.  111.,  was  born 
Oct.  24,  1825,  in  Danville,  Caledonia  Co.,  N.  Y. 
When  he  was  about  three  years  of  age  the  family 
removed  to  Potsdam,  St.  Lawrence  Co.,  in  the 
same  State.  His  preparation  for  college  he  received 
at  the  St.  Lawrence  Academy,  in  Potsdam.  In 
September,  1847,  he  entered  Union  College,  in- 
tending at  first  to  take  an  eclectic  course,  but 
changed  his  plans  subsequently,  entering  the  -Ju- 
nior class,  and  graduating  in  1849.  Ilis  conversion 
took  place  while  in  college,  without  apparent  special 
human  agency,  and  partly  in  connection  with  a 
struggle  against  doubts  even  of  the  truth  of  tiie 
Christian  religion.  Earnest  study  of  the  evidences, 
accompanied  by  manifest  strivings  of  the  Spirit, 
ended  not  only  in  entire  acceptance  of  the  Christian 
system,  but  also  of  Christ  as  a  personal  Saviour. 
Deciding  to  enter  the  ministry,  he  took  his  theo- 
logical course  at  Rochester,  entering  the  seminary 
in  1851  and  graduating  in  1853.  Tiie  interval  of 
time  since  leaving  college  and  before  entering  the 
seminary  had  been  spent  in  teaching  in  Rahwav, 
N.  J.,  where  he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  W.  II. 
Wines.  Mr.  Morrill's  desire  had  been  towards  for- 
eign missionai'y   work,   but  a  field   of  missionary 


labor  opening  to  him  at  Newark,  N.  J.,  he  decided 
to  enter  it.  The  mission  so  undertaken  in  that  city 
resulted  in  the  organization  of  the  Fifth  Baptist 
church,  in  March,  1855.  This  church  he  served  as 
pastor  fourteen  years.  The  church  grew  into  a 
strong  one,  built  a  meeting-house  and  parsonage, 
and  took  its  place  among  tiie  vigorous  and  efficient 
churches  of  the  city  and  State.  In  1869  he  accepted 
a  call  to  the  Fourth  Baptist  church,  St.  Louis,  con- 
tinuing there  six  years,  until  1874.  Two  hundred 
accessions  by  baptism  were  fruits  of  this  ministry. 
A  year  and  a  half  as  pastor  of  Park  Avenue  church 
and  superintendent  of  missions  in  St.  Louis  Asso- 
ciation, and  nearly  a  year  in  the  service  of  the  Pub- 
lication Society  as  district  secretary,  brings  the 
record  to  1876,  when  Mr.  !Moi'rill  accepted  the  call 
of  the  Upper  Alton  Baptist  church,  a  field  made  es- 
pecially interesting  by  the  close  relations  into  which 
the  pastor  of  that  church  is  necessarily  brought 
with  the  students  and  faculty  of  Shurtlefi"  College. 

Morrill,  Rev.  J.  C,  was  born  in  Amesbury. 
Mass.,  Aug.  16,  1791.  Until  he  was  about  forty 
years  of  age  he  was  in  secular  business.  Im- 
pressed that  it  was  his  duty  to  preach  the  gospel, 
he  received  from  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Lowell  a  license,  and  was  ordained  as  an  evan- 
gelist at  Waterville,  Me.,  Oct.  25,  1832.  He  de- 
voted himself  with  great  zeal  and  energy  to  the 
work  for  which  he  h*ad  thus  been  set  apart,  and 
his  preaching  was  accompanied  by  the  conversion 
of  souls.  His  successive  pastorates  were  with 
churches  in  Augusta,  Sidney,  Freeport,  Wiscasset, 
and  Corinth,  in  Maine,  Manchester,  N.  II..  and 
Somerset,  Mass.  For  four  years  he  was  in  the 
service  of  the  American  and  Foreign  Bible  So- 
ciety.    He  died  at  Taunton,  Aug.  22,  1858, 

Morris,  C.  D,,  D.D,,  of  Toledo,  0..  was  born  in 
North  Wales,  June  6,  1839.  His  parents,  who 
were  Calvinistic  Methodists,  removed  to  America  in 
1840,  and  settled  in  Ohio  in  1841.  In  his  eleventh 
year  he  united  with  a  Presbyterian  church,  but 
in  1860,  through  independent  investigation  of 
God's  Word,  he  became  a  Baptist,  and  united  with 
the  Baptist  church  at  Urbana,  0.  In  1859  he  be- 
came a  public  school  teacher,  and  followed  that 
calling  for  three  years,  when  he  gave  himself  en- 
tirely to  preaching,  and  became  pastor  of  the  Bap- , 
tist  diurch  at  Fairfield,  0.  After  remaining  here 
a  little  while,  he  took  a  selected  course  of  study  in 
the  university  and  a  full  course  in  the  theological 
seminary  at  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  graduating  in  1867. 
Shortly  after  graduation  he  became  pastor  of  the 
First  church,  Toledo,  0.,  where  he  still  remains, 
the  oldest  pastor  in  the  continuous  service  of  one 
church  in  Ohio. 

Dr.  Morris  is  a  scholarly  and  strong  preacher, 
and  makes  himself  felt  not  only  in  the  growing 
city  of  Toledo,  but  throughout  the  State.     He  re- 


MORRIS 


817 


MORSE 


ceived  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Chicago,  111.,  in 
1879. 

Morris,  Rev.  Joshua,  a  celebrated  pioneer  Bap- 
tist preaciier  of  Kentucky,  was  born  in  James  City 
Co.,  Va.,  about  1750.  lie  was  baptized  by  Elijah 
Baker  about  1773.  He  preac^hed  for  a  time  in  the 
country,  and  subs(!quently  in  Richmond,  where  lie 
formed  tlie  first  Baptist  cluircli  in  that  city,  in  June, 
l7iS0.  Of  this  church  he  became  pastor,  and  min- 
istered to  it  about  seven  years.  In  1788  he  removed 
to  Kentucky,  and  became  the  pastor  of  Brashear's 
Creek  church,  in  Shelby  County.  Besides  minis- 
tering to  this  body  about  ten  years,  he  constituted 
several  churches  in  the  regions  around  him.  In 
1798  he  located  in  what  is  now  Carroll  (,'ounty,  and 
established  Ghent  church,  and  two  years  afterwards 
he  removed  to  Nelson  County,  where  he  ministered 
to  Cedar  Creek  and  Mill  Creek  churches,  and 
formed  one  or  two  new  churches.  He  was  a  man 
of  high  respectability,  and  was  eminently  useful. 
He  died  about  1S.'57. 

Morris,  Rev.  William  La  Rue,  was  of  Irish 

extraction,  and  was  born  in  Hardin  Co.,  Ky.,  Jan. 
10,  1821.  He  was  educated  as  a  lawyer,  and  en- 
tered upon  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Hodg- 
ensville,  Ky.  He  was  a  fine  speaker,  and  a  young 
man  of  strict  honesty  and  integrity,  and  readily 
gained  a  good  patronage.  At  this  period  his  con- 
science was  deeply  impressed  with  a  call  from  God 
to  preach  the  gospel.  To  this  conviction  he  finally 
yielded,  and  having  joined  a  Baptist  church  while 
he  was  a  law  student,  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  at  llodgensville  in  January,  1851. 
He  was  remarkably  active  and  zealous  in  his  holy 
calling,  and  his  improvement  was  such  that  he 
soon  became  one  of  the  most  eloquent  preachers 
in  the  Kentucky  pulpit.  In  I8G0  he  was  appointed 
by  the  board  of  the  (ieneral  Asso(Mation,  general 
evangelist  for  the  .State.      He  di<Ml  .liine  ]?>,  1S(')7. 

Morrison,  Judge  A.  W.,  was  born  in  Jessamine 
Co.,  Ky.,  Nov.  25,  1802;  removed  to  Missouri  and 
settled  with  his  mother  and  family  in  Howard 
County,  his  father  having  died  in  Kentucky.  He 
was  liberally  educated.  His  known  ability  and 
integrity  commended  him  to  the  people  of  his 
county  for  almost  every  office  at  their  disposal.  He 
was  for  four  years  receiver  of  the  United  States 
land-office  for  Missouri,  under  appointment  of 
President  James  K.  Polk.  In  1851  he  Was  ap- 
pointed State  treasurer  by  Gov.  King  to  fill  tiie 
vacancy  occasioned  by  the  death  of  Peter  G.  Glover. 
So  thorough  was  his  efficiency  in  this  department, 
and  so  great  his  personal  popularity,  that  he  was 
elected  by  the  people  for  three  succeeding  terms  to 
the  sauie  office.  He  was  the  incumbent  at  the 
breaking  out  of  the  civil  war,  and  Gov.  Gamble 
insisted  on  his  holding  the  position,  l)ut  this  he 
declined,  refusing  to  take  the  "  test  oath."' 


•Judge  Morrison's  ancestry  were  of  the  highest 
re8po(;tability  in  Wales,  and  afterwards  in  Virginia 
and  Kentucky.  He  still  lives  on  a  beautiful  and 
valuable  estate  in  Howard  Co.,  Mo. 

In  1873  the  judge  made  a  profession  of  faith  in 
Christ,  and  united  with  the  Baptist  church  at 
Glasgow,  in  Howard  Coutity.  His  integrity  as  a 
man  and  citizcMi  has  marked  his  course  as  a  Chris- 
tian. Ho  is  intelligently  active  in  every  good 
work,  a  strong  friend  of  his  pastors,  a  liberal  helper 
in  missions  and  Christian  education,  and  he  is  a 
member  of  several  denominational  boards.  lie  is 
remarkably  active  in  mind  and  body,  and  still 
wields  a  mighty  influence  in  public  matters. 

Morrow,  Rev.  Orson  Holland,  a  popular,  use- 
ful, and  much  esteemed  minister  of  Bethel  Asso- 
ciation, was  born  in  Rutherford  Co.,  N.  C,  Nov. 
10,  1800.  He  was  taken  by  his  parents  to  what  is 
now  Simpson  Co.,  Ky.,  in  1S()7,  where  he  still 
lives.  He  was  baptized  in  I.S27,  licensed  to  preach 
a  few  months  later,  and  ordained  in  1833.  He  be- 
came a  close  Bible  student,  and  was  very  thorough 
in  his  researches.  He  has  been  pastor  of  four 
churches  most  of  the  time  since  his  ordination, 
until  the  feebleness  of  old  age  rendered  him  inca- 
()able  of  the  work.  He  has  performed  a  great 
amount  of  !nissionary  labor,  and  has  organized  a 
number  of  new  churches. 

His  pastorates  have  been  Pleasant  Grove,  Union, 
Warren  Co.,  and  Sulphur  Spring,  Simpson  Co. 
During  his  long  and  faitiiful  service  he  has  been 
the  means  of  the  conversion  of  large  numbers  of 
souls,  eighteen  of  whom  are  known  to  have  become 
active  ministers  of  the  gospel.  Mr.  Morrow  has 
been  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  periodical  press. 

Morse,  Rev.  Asahel,  son  of  Rev.  Joshua  and 
Susannah  (Babcock)  Morse,  was  born  in  Montville, 
Conn.,  Nov.  10,  1771  ;  removed  with  his  parents  to 
Landisfield,  Mass.,  it»  1779;  was  a  lover  of  good 
books  and  an  apt  scholar;  taught  schools  with  suc- 
cess; was  converted  in  1798  ;  was  baptized  Nov.  9 
of  that  year,  by  Rev.  Rufus  Babcock,  of  Colebrook, 
Conn.;  licensed  to  preach  in  the  spring  of  1799; 
removed  to  AVinsted,  Conn.,  in  1800,  where  he  was 
ordained  in  May,  1801  ;  traveled  and  preached  in 
almost  every  town  in  ConTiecticut ;  settled  with  the 
Baptist  church  in  Stratfield,  Conn.,  in  1803,  and 
remained  more  than  nine  years,  preaching  most  of 
the  time  six  sermons  a  week  ;  meanwhile  he  made  a 
missionary  tour,  l)y  appointment  of  the  Shaftesbury 
Association,  into  Upper  Canada,  and  attended  fifty- 
four  meetings;  in  1812  settled  in  Suffield,  Conn., 
as  successor  to  Rev.  -lohn  Hastings;  in  1818  was. a 
member  of  the  State  convention  to  frame  a  new 
State  constitution,  ami  penned  for  it  the  article  on 
religious  lil)erty, — a  marked  event  in  the  State's 
history  ;  was  a  man  of  great  power,  and  a  typical 
Baptist ;  in  1820  went  to  Philadelphia  as  delegate 


MORSE 


818 


MOSS 


from  the  Connecticut  Baptist  Missionary  Board  to 
the  Baptist  General  Convention  ;  for  a  time  sup- 
plied a  church  in  Colebrook,  and  in  1832  became 
pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  that  town^ 
returned  to  Suffield  in  1836,  where  he  died  June  10, 
1838,  in  his  sixty-seventh  year.  He  married,  Aug. 
24,  1795,  Rachel  Chapel,  of  Nevr  Marlborough, 
Mass.,  and  had  eight  children, — all  sons.  His  was 
a  noble  life. 

Morse,  Rev.  John  Chipman,  was  born  in  An- 
napolis Co.,  Nova  Scotia ;  converted  and  baptized 
when  a  youth ;  ordained  pastor  over  the  Digby 
Neck  church  March  31,  1842,  and  continues  still 
in  that  happy  relation.  Mr.  Moi'se  is  a  deep  and 
enthusiastic  student  of  the  Bible  and  of  nature,  and 
a  very  useful  preacher  of  the  gospel. 

Morse,  Rev.  Joshua,  was  born  in  South  Kings- 
ton, R.  I.,  April  10,  1726;  was  converted  under 
the  preaching  of  Whitefield  at  the  age  of  sixteen, 
and  commenced  preaching  the  next  year  as  an  itin- 
erant; gathered  a  church  in  Montville,  Conn.,  where 
he  was  ordained  May  17,  1751  ;  for  aiding  the  New 
Lights  and  preaching  Baptist  doctrines  in  North 
Stonington,  he  was  opposed,  arrested,  and  abused  ; 
the  distresses  of  the  Revolution  on  the  coast  occa- 
sioned his  removal  to  Landisfield,  Mass.,  in  1779, 
where  he  gathered  a  church  that  he  lived  to  see 
enrol  a  hundred  members.  He  was  an  able,  zeal- 
ous, and  faithful  minister.  He  died  in  1795,  in  his 
seventieth  year. 

Morse,  Rev.  Levi,  was  born  in  Jefferson,  Scho- 
harie Co.,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  23,  1817  ;  was  born  again, 
as  he  trusts,  in  Decembar,  1835;  baptized  into  the 
Jefferson  Baptist  church  in  1838  ;  commenced  his 
studies  preparatory  to  the  ministry  at  Jefferson 
Academy  in  1839,  and  graduated  from  Madison 
University  in  1844  ;  settled  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  of  Athens,  Pa.,  Sept.  8,  1844,  the  church 
liaving  been  raised  up  under  his  labors  previously, 
during  one  of  his  vacations ;  remained  as  pastor 
five  years,  leaving  a  united  church,  with  112  mem- 
bers and  a  convenient  house  6f  worship.  lie  has 
since  been  pastor  at  Franklin  and  Deposit,  N.  Y., 
of  the  North  Baptist  church  of  Newark,  and  at 
Newton  and  Pittsgrove,  N.  J.,  at  Unionville,  the 
Orange  Baptist  church,  and  the  Franklindale  Bap- 
tist church.  New  York,  and  he  is  now  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  of  Burlinganie,  Kansas.  His  settle- 
ments have  all  been  pleasant  and  prosperous. 

During  the  thirty-seven  years  of  his  ministry  he 
has  baptized  into  the  churches  he  has  served  about 
800  converts.  In  his  sixty-fourth  year,  he  is  still 
able  to  undertake  as  much  public  speaking  as  at 
any  previous  period  of  his  history. 

Morse,  Rev.  Samuel  B.,  is  one  of  the  most 
successful  and  beloved  pastors  in  California.  lie 
was  born  Oct.  26,  1834,  in  Fayette,  ]Mc. ;  was  bap- 
tized when  scarcely  twelve  years  old,  by  Rev.  John 


Butler.  He  graduated  at  Colb}'  University  and  at 
Newton.  Having  special  gifts  for  teaching,  he  en- 
gaged in  that  work  for  a  time  in  Kentucky  and  at 
Vacaville,  Cal.,  the  seat  of  the  Baptist  College  in 
that  State,  while  it  was  in  the  hands  of  the  Meth- 
odists. He  returned  East  for  some  years,  and  was 
ordained  at  Newton  in  August,  1869.  Coming 
back  to  California,  he  became  pastor  at  Stockton 
nine  years,  and  was  remarkably  blessed  in  his 
work.  While  pastor  there  he  made  the  tour  of 
Europe,  Egypt,  and  Palestine,  and  gathered  mate- 
rials for  several  instructive  lectures  on  the  Holy 
Land,  and  has  given  them  over  one  hundred  times 
with  ever-increasing  favor.  Feb.  1,  1878,  he  ac- 
cepted the  pastorate  of  the  Brooklyn  church,  which 
up  to  that  time  was  greatly  discouraged.  His  un- 
usual pastoral  gifts  and  spiritual  power  as  a  preacher 
have  made  the  church  one  of  the  best  in  California. 
He  occupies  a  conspicuous  position  on  missionary 
and  college  boards,  and  as  moderator  of  the  San 
Francisco  Association  and  presiding  oflScer  at  other 
public  meetings  he  shows  fine  executive  ability. 

Morton,  Rev.  Salmon,  was  bom  in  Athol, 
Mass.,  May  11,  1767.  lie  was  convicted  of  sin  in 
his  sixteenth  year,  and  invested  with  justifying 
faith  several  years  later.  He  was  baptized  at 
Madison,  N.  Y.,  in  1799,  and  he  was  ordained  in 
June,  1802,  as  pastor  of  the  Madison  church,  for 
which  he  labored  f5r  eleven  years.  In  1816  he 
took  charge  of  the  church  in  Marcellus.  Onondaga 
Co.,  but  he  resigned  in  1818  to  preach  as  a  home 
missionary.  He  died  at  Marcellus,  Jan.  22,  1822. 
By  the  people  among  whom  his  ministry  was  exer- 
cised he  was  regarded  as  a  great  preacher.  His  use- 
fulness was  very  extensive,  and  his  Christian  worth 
was  of  a  high  order.  • 

Moss,  Lemuel,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Owen  Co., 
Ky.,  Dec.  27,  1829.  His  father,  Demas  Moss, 
was  well  known  among  the  pioneer  Baptists  of 
Southern  Indiana  as  a  man  of  unusually  strong 
native  powers.  His  mother  was  a  woman  of  fer- 
vent piety  as  well  as  mental  energy.  He  came 
with  his  parents  to  Dearborn  Co.,  Ind..  in  1833. 
He  was  converted  at  the  age  of  thirteen,  and 
joined  the  Baptist  church  at  Milan.  AVhen  he 
was  fourteen  he  entered  the  office  of  the  Latcrence- 
hurg  Register.  He  spent  nine  years  in  printing, 
part  of  the  time  as  foreman  of  a  stereoty]iing  es- 
tablishment. AVliile  yet  a  youth  his  membership 
was  removed  to  tlie  First  Baptist  church,  Cincin- 
nati, where  his  prayer-meeting  talks  and  other 
earnest  religious  services  led  his  brethren  to  think 
that  he  ought  to  enter  upon  the  work  of  the  min- 
istry. As  this  persuasion  accorded  with  his  own 
convictions  he  decided  to  give  himself  to  the  Master 
as  a  minister.  He  entered  Rochester  University, 
N.  Y.,  in  1853.  The  select  course  marked  out  for 
him  by  President  Anderson  was  abandoned  after  a 


MOSS 


819 


MOTT 


year's  preparatory  work,  and  he  entered  upon  tlie 
full  course.  He  graduated  in  1858,  and  two  years 
later  graduated  in  Rochester  Theological  Semi- 
nary, under  President  Ilohinson.  As  a  student  he 
was  always  remarkably  dilig(!nt,  and  won  and  held 
the  confidence  of  liis  teachers  and  fellow-students. 
He  was  awarded  all  the  honors  of  the  class.  His 
high  moral  tone  and  strict  integrity  were  charac- 
teristic during  his  whole  course  of  study,  as  they 
have  been  ever  since.  He  began  preaching  during 
his  Sophomore  year,  and  soon  exhibited  rare  power 
as  a  public  speaker. 

Immediately  u[)on  his  graduation  from  the  semi- 
nary he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  Worcester,  Mass.  In  1868  his 
alma  mafer  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  Doc- 
tor of  Divinity.  Upon  the  organization  of  the 
United  States  Christian  (^oniTiiission  by  Mr.  George 
H.  Stuart  and  others,  in  1S()4,  he  was  chosen  its  homo 
secretary,  and  charged  with  the  responsible  duty 
of  interesting  the  people  of  the  North  in  the  work 
of  tlie  Commission.  By  request  of  the  Commission 
he  wrote  ami  published  "  Annals  of  the  United 
States  Christian  Commission," — a  book  full  of  in- 
teresting facts  and  inferences,  and  the  only  authen- 
tic record  of  the  doings  of  the  Commission.  The 
work  has  received  the  highest  praise.  In  1865  he 
accepted  the  chair  of  Systematic  Theology  in  the 
University  of  Lewisburg,  I*a.,  and,  after  three  years' 
service,  resigned  to  accept  the  position  of  editor  of 
the  National  Baptist,  the  organ  of  th(^  American 
Baptist  Publication  Society.  His  editorship  was  a 
marked  success.  After  four  years  he  resigned  this 
work  to  accept  the  chair  of  New  Testament  In- 
terpretation in  Crozer  Theological  Seminary,  Pa. 
While  occupying  this  position  he  came  to  Indiana, 
and  was  the  principal  lecturer  for  a  State  minis- 
ters' institute.  During  the  course  it  was  very  man- 
ifest that  he  was  able  to  answer  diJBcult  questions 
in  both  systematic  theology  and  exegesis. 

In  the  National  Ba[)tist  Educational  Convention, 
held  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  in  1870,  he  presented  a 
paper  on  "  The  Organization  of  our  Educational 
Work."  He  has  also  written  for  the  Ba2>tist 
Quarterly  two  articles, — one  on  "  Our  Schools  and 
Foreign  Missions,'"  the  other  on  "  The  Final  Condi- 
tion of  the  Unregenerate."  In  1876  he  edited  a  book 
entitled  "  Baptists  and  the  National  Centenary." 
a  book  of  vast  value  to  those  who  would  know  the 
origin  and  progress  of  the  various  enterprises  taken 
up  and  carried  forward  by  the  denomination. 

In  1875  he  was  elected  president  of  Chicago  Uni- 
versity, 111.  In  1876  he  was  elected  president  of 
the  Indiana  State  University,  and  he  is  still  carry- 
ing forward  its  work  with  a  vigor  and  wisdom  that 
give  great  promise  for  the  future  of  the  university. 
He  was  in  1879  made  president  of  the  Indiana  State 
College  Association. 


He  is  a  clear  thinker,  a  genial  friend,  an  inspiring 
teacher,  and  a  public  spciikcr  of  rare  power. 

Mother-Churches  among  American  Bap- 
tists, Some. —  Ihe  First  church  of  I'rovidence, 
R.  1.,  is  regarded  by  the  majority  of  Baptists  as 
the  oldest  church  of  our  denomination  in  America. 
That  venerable  community  has  been  the  mother  of 
many  churches.  The  First  church  of  Newport,  R. 
I.,  with  John  Clarke,  the  sturdy  old  Calvinist,  and 
the  enlightened  statesman,  as  its  founder,  has  been 
the  mother  of  a  goodly  family  of  churches.  Apart 
from  New  England  successes,  from  it  Thomas 
Dungan  came  to  Pennsylvania,  who  formed  the 
first  Baptist  church  in  that  State ;  and  by  him 
Elias  Keach  was  encouraged  to  trust  Christ  when 
convicted  of  sin  and  baptized,  and  by  his  church  he 
was  ordaiiKsd.  Mr.  Keacli  founded  the  Pennepek 
church,  the  oldest  church  now  existing  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, of  which  the  First  church  of  Philadelphia 
was  a  branch,  and  also  some  of  the  oldest  churches 
in  New  Jersey,  the  communities  that  organized  the 
Philadelphia  Association.  What  these  churches 
have  done  for  tlie  States  in  which  they  are  located, 
and  through  communities  springing  from  them,  as 
well  as  directly  in  several  other  States,  only  the 
students  of  Baptist  history  know.  The  church  at 
Swanzey,  Mass.,  wiis  constituted  by  John  Miles  in 
1663.  When  ho  and  his  Welsh  brethren  came  to 
New  England  they  brought  their  church  records 
with  thein.  Their  American  community  was  a 
church  like  the  First  Newport,  with  no  dependence 
upon  the  First  church  of  Providence.  The  Welsh 
Tract  church,  in  Delaware,  was  formed  in  Wales 
in  the  spring  of  1701.  Thomas  Griffith  was  the 
first  pastor,  and  he  emigrated  with  the  church  ta 
Pennepek,  Pa.,  and  subsequently  removed  with  it 
to  Welsh  Tract,  Del.,  where  the  church  prospered, 
and  exerted  an  extensive  influence  in  favor  of  truth 
and  righteousness.  These  were  the  most  noted  of 
the  mother-churches  that  came  into  existence  in 
America  independenthj  of  each  other. 

It  should  be  remarked  that  the  First  church  of 
Providence  was  not  the  mother  of  any  of  the 
churches  named  ;  that  the  First  church  of  New- 
port had  some  connection  with  the  Pennepek  church 
through  Thomas  Dungan,  but  no  similar  relation- 
ship with  any  of  the  others,  and  that  the  Swanzey 
and  Welsh  Tract  churches  had  a  European  exist- 
ence before  they  came  to  America.  A  sketch  of 
all  the  great  mother-churches  of  America  would 
be  of  unspeakable  interest,  but  in  this  article  we 
can  only  notice  those  already  mentioned. 

Mott,  Judge  Frederick,  was  born  near  Mont- 
rose. Susquehanna  Co.,  Pa.,  Jan.  14,  1828.  Long- 
ing for  an  education  beyond  that  afforded  by  com- 
mon schools  or  the  neighboring  academy,  he  entered 
Brown  University,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1851. 
He  was  principal  of  Derby  Academy,  Vt.,  for  three 


MOUNT  CARROLL 


820 


MOUNT  PLEASANT 


years,  reading  law  at  the  same  time,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  Vermont.  In  1854  he  took 
charge  of  a  union  school  in  Upper  Sandusky,  0., 
■where  he  remained  two  years,- and  then  came  to 
Iowa,  located  at  Winterset,  Madison  Co.,. and  im- 
mediately commenced  the  practice  of  law.  In 
.September,  1862,  entered  the  army,  and  was  made 
jidjutant  of  the  39th  Iowa  Infantry  in  1863,  and 
was  commissioned. by  President  Lincoln  as  assistant 
adjutant-general  in  1864,  serving  as  such  until  the 
close  of  the  war.  Returning  home  in  August, 
1865,  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law.  In  1868  he 
■was  elected  judge  of  the  fifth  judicial  district  of 
Iowa,  serving  the  full  term  of  four  years.  In  Oc- 
tober, 1870,  was  elected  president  of  the  Iowa  Bap- 
tist State  Convention,  and  re-elected  to  that  position 
at  each  of  the  three  succeeding  annual  meetings. 
In  1873  he  was  appointed  to  the  professorship  of 
Pleading  and  Practice  in  the  law  department  of 
the  State  University,  which  position  he  held  for 
two  years,  and  resigned  t6  accept  the  presidency 
of  the  University  of  Des  Moines.  At  the  close  of 
the  centennial  year,  his  health  failing  him,  he  re- 
signed his  position,  and  returned  to  his  former 
home  at  Winterset,  where  he  now  resides,  en- 
gaged in  his  profession.  He  was  a  Baptist  from 
his  youth  up,  and  has  always  been  a  persistent 
worker  in  the  church  and  Sabbath-school.  While 
devoted  to  his  own  church  and  the  general  work 
of  his  own  denomination,  hg  is  deeply  interested  in 
every  good  cause,  and  is  regarded  by  the  commu- 
nity in  which  he  has  so  lo^g  lived  as  an  earnest 
Christian  worker  and  ji  pablic-spirited  and  in- 
valuable citizen. 

Mount  Carroll  Seminary,  now  exclusively  for 

young  ladies,  is  located  at  Mount  Carroll,  in  Car- 
roll Co.,  111.  It  was  founded  in  1853,  by  Miss  F. 
A.  Wood  and  Miss  C.  M.  Gregory,  graduates  of  the 
Normal  School  at  Albany,  N.  Y.  Beginning  with 
11  pupils,  the  school  has  grown  to  an  average  yearly 
attendance  of  nearly  200.  In  1878  Miss  Gregory's 
connection  with  the  institutio\i  ceased,  and  it  has 
since  remained  under  the  principalship  of  her  asso- 
ciate, now  Mrs.  F.  A.  W.  Sheiner,  with  whom  Miss 
C  A.  Jay  is  at  present  associated.  The  school, 
which  opened  in  a  small  and  inconvenient  room, 
is  now  accommodated  with  extensive  buildings, 
three  separate  additions  having  been  made  to  that 
which  the  principals  erected,  in  the  early  history 
of  the  seminary,  upon  tiie  delightful  and  healthful 
site  still  occupied.  Tiie  grounds  are  very  extensive, 
consisting  of  twenty-five  acres,  and  are  laid  out  in 
orchards,  gardens,  vineyards,  botanical  garden, 
conservatory,  with  a  great  variety  of  shade  and 
ornamental  trees.  The  department  of  instruction 
consists  of  a  preparatory,  a  regular  four  years',  and 
a  normal  course.  The  seminary  is  incorporated  by 
charter,  with  full  college  power  to  confer  degrees. 


It  is  proper  to  say  that  tliis  institution  has  been 
founded  and  built  up  entirely  by  private  enterprise. 
Superior  executive  ability  has  characterized  its  ad- 
ministration from  the  beginning.  It  has  grown  sim- 
ply through  the  public  appreciation  of  its  merits,  no 
agents  having  been  at  any  time,  employed,  either 
to  solicit  pupils  oi"  to  raise  funds.  Apart  from  the 
five  acres  of  ground  on  which  the  buildings  stand, 
with  the  sum  of  SIOOO  given  at  the  foundation  of 
the  school,  no  aid  from  either  private  or  public 
funds  has  been  received.  It  is  gratifying  to  have 
this  example  of  a  school  built  up  simply  through 
the  good  management  of  those  in  charge,  with  the 
appreciative  patronage  of  a  discerning  public. 

Mount   Lebanon  Female    College,    .Mount 

Lebanon,  La. — Simultaneously  with  the  movement 
to  establish  Mount  Lebanon  University  the  Mount 
Lebanon  Female  College  was  organized,  and  the 
accomplished  wife  of  Rev.  Hanson  Lee  became 
principal.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  there  were 
over  100  young  ladies  in  attendance.  Mrs.  Lee 
was  succeeded  by  Rev.  John  Q,.  Prescott,  and  upon 
the  suspension  of  the  university  Dr.  Crane  became 
principal.  Finally  the  buildings  were  sold  to  the 
State  for  a  laboratory,  where  medicines  were  manu- 
factured, under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Egan.  About 
the  close  of  the  war  an  effort  was  made  by  Mr. 
Prescott  to  revive  the  school.  The  buildings  were 
destroyed  by  fire  in  l866,  and  no  attempt  has  since 
been  made  to  rebuild. 

Mount  Lebanon  TTniversity,  Mount  Lebanon. 

La. — About  1847.  Dr.  B.  Egan  began  to  agitate  the 
question  of  a  school  of  high  grade  at  Mount  Leb- 
anon. His  efibrts  resulted  in  the  organization  of 
Mount  Lebanon  University,  which  was  chartered  in 
1854.  A  donation  of  810,000  was  obtained  from  the 
State,  and  about  850.000  raised  in  subscriptions ; 
a  cpmmodious  college  building  and  president's 
house  were  erected,  a  large  boarding-hall  pro- 
vided, and  an  able  faculty  secured.  Rev.  Jesse 
Ilartwell,  D.D.,  accepted  the  presidency,  and  in  a 
short  time  nearh^  200  students  were  in  attendance. 
Dr.  Ilartwell  died  in  1859,  and  Rev.  W.  C.  Crane. 
D.D.,  LL.D.,  now  president  of  Baylor  University, 
Texas,  was  called  to  the  presidency.  But  in  the 
midst  of  its  prosperity  the  war  began,  and  the 
students  and  faculty  were  dispersed.  Early  in  the 
wai*  the  endowment  notes  matured,  and  were  paid 
in  Confederate  money,  invested  in  Confederate 
bonds,  and  consequently  lost.  After  the  War  an 
effort  was  made  to  revive  the  institution,  but  after 
a  few  years"  struggle  the  enterprise  was  virtually 
abandoned.  The  academical  department  is  still 
maintained,  but  with  some  irregularity.  The  re- 
vival of  prosperity  in  the  State  has  awakened  a 
new  interest  in  education,  and  the  question  of  re- 
viving the  university  is  receiving  serious  attention. 
Mount    Pleasant    College    was    founded    in 


MOXO}f 


S2I 


.VUfh' 


Huntsville,  Mo.,  in  ISiA.  A.  S.  Worrell,  D.D.,  is 
the  president.  lie  is  an  admirable  teaeiier,  and 
the  institution  is  rapidly  advancinj;.  It  is  for  both 
sexes  ;  138  were  matriculated  last  year.  The  in- 
struction includes  all,  between  the  lowest  primary 
and  a  full  college  course. 

The  dej^rees  of  A.B.  and  A.M.  iiro  conferred,  ac- 
cording to  the  scholarship  of  the  candidates.  The 
students  are  pledged  to  temperance  and  good  con- 
duct. This  college  is  in  Randolph  County,  in  a 
fine  portion  of  the  State,  and  it  is  doing  a  needed 
and  noble  ■Vvork. 


cliurcli,  (Jleveland,  0.,  where  he  still  remains.  In 
•June,  1879,  was  graduated  with  tiie  degree  of  A.B. 
from  the  University  of  Rochester.  Has  published 
sermons  and  reviews,  and  he  is  regarded  as  a  young 
man  of  gi'eat  energy  and  promise. 

Muir,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Scotland  in 
February,  iSiJ',).  Ills  parents  were  Presbyterians, 
and  he  received  a  careful  religious  training  froin 
them.  For  several  years  he  devot(Ml  himself  to 
agricultural  pursuits.  AVhcn  he  was  seventeen 
years  of  age  he  was  apprenticed  to  learn  a  trade, 
and  continued  at  the  same  until   1860.     When  lie 


MOUNT     I'l.EASANT    <OI.I.F.GE. 


Moxom,  Rev.  P.  S.,  was  born  in  Palermo, 
Canada,  Aug.  10,  1848.  Removed  when  a  child  to 
Ogle  Co.,  111.  In  January,  1862,  went  out  with 
the  78th  III.  Regiment,  as  page  to  Capt.  Bewley. 
A  few  days  after  the  battle  of  Fort  Donelson,  at 
the  age  of  fifteen,  he  enlisted  in  the  17th  111.  Cav- 
alry, and  served  until  Nov.  28,  186.").  Jan.  1,  1866, 
he  entered  Kalamazoo  College,  Mich.,  where  he  was 
converted  and  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the 
Battle  Creek  church  by  his  father,  Rev.  J.  II. 
^loxom.  In  the  autumn  of  1868  he  entered  Shurt- 
leff  College,  where  he  remained  until  1870,  when 
he  returned  to  Jlichigan  to  teach.  In  1871  en- 
gaged in  the  studj^  of  law.  but  in  a  little  while 
abandoned  that  for  the  ministry.  Ilis  first  settle- 
ment w'as  at  Bellevue,  Mich.,  where  he  received 
ordination.  In  October,  1872,  became  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Albion,  Mich.,  and  in  1875  removed  to 
Rochester,  N.  Y.,  to  pursue  theological  studies. 
During  the  period  of  his  studies  in  Rochester  was 
pastor  of  the  church  at  Mount  ^Morris.  Was  called, 
in  November,  1S7'.I,  to  the  pastorate  of  the  First 


grew  up  to  manhood  he  connected  himself  with 
the  Presbyterian  (Church,  although,  as  he  subse- 
quently had  reason  to  believe,  he  knew  nothing  of 
experimental  religion.  In  1852  he  left  his  native 
country  and  came  to  Canada,  taking  up  his  resi- 
dence near  Toronto.  Early  in  the  year  1855  he 
met  with  a  severe  accident,  which  laid  him  aside 
from  labor  for  two  months.  Having  recovered 
measurably  from  its  efiects,  he  returned  to  his 
usual  employment.  Two  days  after  recommencing 
work  he  was  caught  in  the  machinery,  and  came  to 
all  appearance  within  a  hair's  breadth  of  losing  his 
life.  These  providences  of  God  aroused  his  atten- 
tion, in  connection  with  the  warm  appeals  of  a 
personal  friend,  and  he  became  a  hopeful  Christian. 
In  a  little  more  than  a  year  he  and  his  wife  were 
baptized  and  joined  the  church  at  Cheltenhai|i. 
Here  he  remained  four  years,  when  he  was  li- 
censed to  preach  the  gospel.  At  once  he  went  to 
the  Canadian  Literary  Institute  to  acquire  an  edu- 
cation, in  which  he  spent  three  years,  and  then  was 
ordained  to  the  work  of  thie  gospel  ministry.     Hav- 


MULCAHY 


822 


MUNRO 


ing  devoted  seven  years  to  the  pastoral  work,  he 
became,  in  April,  1871,  office,  editor  and  business 
manager  of  the  Canadian  Baptist,  the  recognized 
organ  of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  the  provinces 
of  Ontario,  Quebec,  and  Manitoba.  In  1874  he 
became  managing  editor,  and  virtually,  proprietor, 
which  position  he  still  retains. 

Mulcahy,  Rev.  Michael,  was  born  in  Fermoy, 
County  of  Cork,  Ireland,  in  1842.  He  received  a 
good  education  in  England,  where  he  spent  his 
youth  ;  in  1867  he  emigrated  to  Canada,  was  con- 
verted in  1869,  and  joined  the  Baptist  church  at 
Boston,  where  his  natural  eloquence  and  pleadings 
for  Jesus  led  many  to  believe.  He  prepared  for 
the  ministry  at  Woodstock,  preaching  to  destitute 
churches  while  pursuing  his  studies.  lie  was  suc- 
cessively pastor  at  Grand  Blanc,  Canada ;  Ovid, 
Mich. ;  South  Bend,  Ind. ;  and  Little  Rock,  Ark., 
where  he  was  also  chaplain  of  the  State  senate. 
An  attack  of  hemorrhage  compelled'  him  to  seek 
health  in  California.  Reaching  San  Francisco, 
Sept.  4,  1873,  he  was  called  to  the  vacant  pulpit  of 
the  First  church.  His  fervid  eloquence  drew  large 
audiences  to  the  churcli,  and  he  was  on  the  eve  of 
an  evident  revival  when  a  return  of  his  old  disease 
brought  him  to  an  early  grave.  He  died  Jan.  4, 
1874. 

Mulford,  Rev.  Clarence  W.,  was  born  at  Sa- 
lem, N.  J.,  June  8,  1805 ;  was  converted  and  bap- 
tized at  nineteen  ;  studied  at  Princeton  for  a  time ; 
was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Pem- 
berton,  N.  J.,  in  November,  1830.  He  was  five 
years  there,  and  nearly  ten  at  Ilightstown.  His 
pastorates  at  Flemington  and  Holmdel  yielded  much 
fruit.  He  was  particularly  blessed  in  leading  souls 
to  Christ.  He  frequently  assisted  neighboring  pas- 
tors. His  voice  had  unusual  power  to  attract  and 
impress.  He  was  one  of  the  early  friends  of  the 
New  Jersey  State  Convention,  was  for  several  years 
its  secretary,  and  its  president  from  1843  to  1849. 
In  the  early  days  of  the  temperance  reformation 
he  stood  almost  alone",  but  he  was  a  brave  advocate 
in  the  face  of  opposition.  Through  failure  of 
health  he  was  obliged  to  give  up  preaching  for  the 
most  part  in  the  latter  years  of  his  life,  but  having 
studied  medicine,  he  was  very  useful  in  that  pro- 
fession, at  the  same  time  ministering  to  the  spiritual 
comfort  of  his  patients.  He  died  June  28,  1864, 
at  Flemington,  N.  J. 

Mulford,  Hon.  Horatio  J.,  was  born  at  Canton, 
N.  J.,  Jan.  16,  1818.  He  was  trained  to  business, 
and  has  been  engaged  for  many  years  in  the  man- 
agement of  his  own,  and  in  taking  part  in  public 
affairs.  He  was  baptized  at  Bridgeton,  and  united 
with  the  Fii'st  Baptist  church  in  18.53.  He  was 
elected  deacon  in  1856,  and  still  holds  the  office. 
He  was  for  a  long  time  superintendent  of  the  Sun- 
day-school.   He  is  a  member  of  the  university  board 


at  Lewisburg,  a  trustee  of  the  Crozer  Theological 
Seminary,  and  a  manager  of  the  Baptist  Publica- 
tion Society.  He  is  greatly  interested  in  the  edu- 
cation of  the  ministry  :  has  been  president  of  the 


HON.  H0R.\TI0    J.  MULFORD. 

New  Jersey  Baptist  Education  Society  since  1857, 
and  still  holds  that  office.  His  earnestness,  execu- 
tive ability,  and  liberality  have  been  particularly 
prominent  in  bringing  the  South  Jersey  Institute  to 
its  present  prosperity.  Mr.  Mulford"s  sympathies 
go  far  beyond  the  societies  with  which  he  is  offi- 
cially connected.  His  help  is  relied  upon  by  those 
who  take  the  largest  views  of  spreading  the  gospel. 
Uftundy,  Rev.  J.  A.,  was  born  in  Virginia  about 
1835  ;  graduated  at  Richmond  College  in  1858,  and 
was  pastor  of  several  important  churches  in  Vir- 
ginia before  he  removed  to  North  Carolina,  in  1875. 
He  has  been  for  more  than  four  years  pastor  of  the 
Warrenton  chui-ch.  Mr.  Mundy  is  regarded  as  one 
of  the  finest  preachers  in  the  State. 

Munro,  Rev.  Andrew  Heber,  was  iiorn  in  Sur- 
rey, England,  in  1827,  of  Scotch  parents.  He  was 
chiafl^'  educated  at  home,  but  went  for  a  time  to  a 
private  institution  in  the  south  of  London,  and 
from  thence  to  the  Normal  College  of  the  British 
and  Foreign  School  Society.  After  a  short  attend- 
ance at  the  college,  he  was  sent  out  by  the  society 
as.  one  of  the  teachers  of  a  Model  and  Normal 
School  established  by  the  government  of  New 
Brunswick.  He  afterwards  taught  for  a  time  in 
the  ]Methodist  College  at  Sackville,  and  subse- 
quently became  Latin  and  mathematical  tutor  in 
the  Baptist  Seminary  at  Fredericton,  New  Bruns- 


MUNRO 


823 


MURDOCK 


wick,  whore  he  also  read  theology  with  Dr.  Spur- 
den.  While  at  the  seminary  he  began  preaching, 
the  scene  of  his  la]>ors  being  the  Welsh  settlement 
of  Cardigan,  nineteen  iniles  distant,  and  was  in- 
strumental in  the  conversion  of  a  large  number  of 
persons.  He  was  ordained  at  Digby,  Nova  Scotia, 
in  1857.  In  1860  lie  took  charge  of  the  North  Bap- 
tist church.  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  where  he  rc- 
iiiainod  nearly  seven  years.  From  thence  he  went 
to  the  First  ciiurch,  Yarmouth,  Nova  Scotia,  and 
after  a  short  pastorate  removed  to  Liverpool,  in  tiie 
same  province.  In  1809  he  accepted  a  cordial  in- 
vitation to  Alexander  Street  church,  Toronto,  Onta- 
rio, where,  during  seven  years,  his  ministry  was 
highly  appreciated  ])y  the  church  and  community. 
He  then  entered  upon  his  present  charge,  the  pas- 
torate of  the  First  oiiurch,  Montreal,  and  shortly 
after  his  settlement  the  church  received  into  its  fel- 
lowship nearly  the  entire  membership  of  the  St. 
Catharine  Street  church.  During  his  ministry  of 
twenty-four  years  he  has  been  permitted  to  see 
several  extensive  revivals  of  religion. 

As  a  public  speaker,  Mr.  Muiiro  is  one  of  the 
most  attractive  and  popular  men  in  the  Dominion 
of  Canada.  Both  in  the  pulpit  and  on  the  platform 
he  is  at  once  powerful,  graceful,  and  eloquent.  He 
is  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Toronto  Baptist  Col- 
lege, and  secretary  of  the  Eastern  Missionary  Con- 
vention and  of  the  Baptist  Union  of  (\inada. 

Munro,  Rev.  James,  was  born  in  Scotland  in 
1784 ;  converted  in  1806  in  Chester.  Nova  Scotia  ; 
baptized  in  New  York  in  1807  ;  returned  to  Nova 
Scotia,  and  commenced  preaching  in  Halifax ; 
evangelized  with  Rev.  Joseph  Crandall,  in  1815,  to 
the  east  of  Halifax ;  ordained  in  1816,  and  evan- 
gelized on  eastern  shores  of  New  Brunswick,  and 
in  1818  up  the  St.  John  River;  became  pastor  at 
Onslow  in  1819,  and  continued  in  this  relation  un- 
til his  death,  July  3,  1838.  Possessing  a  keen, 
logical  mind,  sterling  integrity,  fervent  piety,  and 
sound  theology,  Mr.  Muiiro's  ministry  was  highly 
useful. 

Minister,  The  Uproar  at. — See  article  on  A.v.v- 

BAi'Tisrs. 

Miinzer,  Thomas. — See  article  on  Anabaptists. 

Murch,  William  Harris,  D.D.,  was  born  at 
Ilonitoii,  Knglaiid,  May  17,  1784.  He  was  en- 
tered as  a  student  for  the  ministry  at  an  Independ- 
ent college  when  he  was  quite  a  lad.  Here  that 
most  charming  little  book.  Fuller's  "  Life  of  Samuel 
Pearce,"  fell  into  his  hands,  and  led  him  to  abandon 
the  Arian  bclii^f,  in  wliicli  he  had  been  brought 
up,  and  to  embrace  evangelical  truth.  In  May, 
1802,  he  was  baptized  by  Dr.  Rippon,  at  Carter 
Lane  meeting-house,  London,  being  then  seventeen. 
He  continued  his  studies  for  two  years  longer,  and 
subsequently  preached  in  several  places  without 
any  stated  charge.     On  John  Fosters  retirement 


from  the  pastorate  of  Sheppard's  Barton  church, 
Frome,  Mr.  Murch  succeeded  him,  having  previ- 
ously supplied  th(!  pulpit  for  si.x  months  during 
Mr.  Foster's  afHiction.  He  remained  pastor,  with 
many  evidences  of  usefulness,  for  twenty-one  years, 
when  he  was  invited  to  the  presidency  of  Stepney 
College,  the  Baptist  theological  seminary  in  the 
metropolis.  He  entered  upon  his  work  there  in 
1827.  During  his  presideticy  the  interests  of  the 
college  were  diligently  advanced,  and  a  large  num- 
ber of  students  prepared  for  the  ministry.  AVhen 
he  retired  from  this  position,  in  1844,  after  seven- 
teen years'  service,  the  tutors  and  students  of  the 
colleges  at  Bristol,  Bradford,  and  Stepney  combined 
to  do  honor  to  him  for  his  worth  and  usefulness. 
The  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by 
Brown  University  during  his  presidential  course. 
He  presided  over  the  church  at  Rickmansworth  for 
a  short  time,  and  rendered  occasional  services  to 
churches  in  and  around  London  until  compelled  by 
illness  to  retire  from  public  (Miiployments.  He  died 
at  Bath,  July  12,  1859,  and  was  l)uried  at  Froine, 
the  scene  of  his  early  labors.  During  his  residence 
in  London  he  identified  himself  with  all  the  literary 
and  religious  institutions  of  the  denomination.  He 
was  one  of  the  secretaries  of  the  Baptist  Union  from 
1834  to  1846.  secretary  of  the  Baptist  Board  from 
1837  to  1843,  and  gave  his  care  and  interest  to  the 
"  New  Selection  Hymn-Book"  for  several  years. 
His  end  was  peculiarly  peaceful  and  edifying.  His 
mind  was  unclouded  and  serene  to  the  last.  He 
had  made  daily  allusion  to  hia  approaching  depart- 
ure for  sever.al  months,  and  expressed  himself  as 
ready  and  waiting.  His  last  words,  an  hour  be- 
fore his  death,  were,  "Precious  Saviour!  all  is 
right ;  precious  Saviour  !" 

Murdock,  John  Nelson,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Os- 
wego, N.  Y.,  Dec.  8,  1S20,  and  received  his  early 
religious  education  among  the  Methodists.  His 
devoted  Christian  mother  named  him  after  one  of 
the  co-laborers  of  John  Wesley,  and  her  earnest 
prayer  was  that  he  might  become  a  minister  of  the 
gospel.  He  was  fitted  for  college  by  teachers  well 
qualified  for  their  work,  one  of  them,  Master  Ho- 
gan,  having  been  educated  at  Oxford  University. 
In  consequence  of  his  father's  death  he  was  obliged 
to  give  up  the  idea  of  taking  a  collegiate  course. 
Having  chosen  the  legal  profession  for  his  future 
vocation,  he  commenced  his  law  studies,  and  while 
engaged  in  them  carried  on  special  courses  of  math- 
ematics and  languages,  including  French  and  Ger- 
man. Having  completed  his  law  studies,  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he 
became  a  hopeful  Christian,  and  united  with  the 
Methodist  Church  in  his  native  city.  Not  long 
after  commencing  the  practice  of  his  profession  his 
religious  life  was  greatly  quickened,  and  the  duty 
and  privilege  of  serving  his  Master  in  the  ministry 


MURDOCK 


824 


MURPHY 


of  the  Word  was  so  impressed  upon  hiin  that  he 
was  licensed  to  preach.  While  supplying  the  pul- 
pit of  a  Methodist  church  in  Jordan,  N.  Y.,  in  18-41, 
his  attention  was  drawn  to  the  subject  of  baptism, 


JOHN    NEI.SON    MURDOCK,  D.D. 

and  as  the  result  of  his  investigations  he  was  bap- 
tized in  1842,  at  Durhamville,  N.  Y.,  by  Rev.  Sey- 
mour W.  Adams,  late  of  Cleveland,  0.  His  ordina- 
tion as  a  Baptist  minister  took  place  at  Waterville, 
N.  Y.,  in  May,  1842,  when  he  was  but  a  few  months 
beyond  iiis  majority.  Here  he  remained  until  Jan- 
uary, 1846,  when  he  became  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Albion,  N.  Y.  In  April,'  1848,  he  entered  upon 
his  duties  as  pastor  of  the  South  church,  in  Hart- 
ford, from  which  place  he  was  called  to  the  pastor- 
ate of  the  Bowdoin  Square  ciiurch,  Boston,  his 
service  there  commencing  Jan":  1,  1857,  and  con- 
tinuing until  Jan.  1,  1863,  a  period  of  just  six  years. 
In  July  of  this  year  he  was  elected  secretary  of  the 
Missionary  Union,  which  position  he  now  holds. 

During  a  part  of  the  time  of  Dr.  Murdock's  min- 
istry in  Hartford — i.e.,  1853-56 — he  was  joint  editor 
witli  Rev.  Dr.  R.  Turnbull  of  the  Chrisfian  Review. 
The  number  of  his  published  sermons  is  twenty- 
one.  All  of  these  were  called  for  by  the  bodies  be- 
fore which  they  were  delivered.  The  amount  of 
literary  work  which  he  has  done  in  his  e.ttonsive 
and  varied  correspondence,  and  in  the  preparation 
of  ills  valuable  reports  and  special  papers  in  his 
official  relations  to  the  Missionary  Union,  it  is  im- 
possible to  compute.  Honored  and  beloved  by  the 
denomination  which  he  has  so  long  and  so  Haithfully 
served,  Dr.  Murdock  takes  a  high  place  in  the  front 


ranks  of  her  most  worthy  and  distinguished  mem- 
bers, lie  received  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity  from  Rochester  University  in  1854. 

Murfee,  James  T.,  LL.D. — His  paternal  grand- 
father was  the  Rev.  Simon  Murfee,  a  prominent 
Baptist  minister  of  the  Portsmouth  Association, 
Southampton  Co.,  Va.  His  ancestors  were  a  pious 
people,  and  they  were  Baptists.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  born  in  Southampton  Co.,  Va.,  Sept.  13, 
1833.  His  early  home  surroundings  were  of  the 
best  character.  He  graduated  from  the  Virginia 
Military  Institute  at  Lexington  in  1853,  without  a 
single  demerit  and  with  the  highest  honors  of  his 
class.  Soon  after  graduating  he  was  elected  Pro- 
fessor of  Mathematics  and  Natural  Sciences  in 
ISIadison  College.  Thence  called  to  Lynchburg 
College,  where  he  united  with  the  Baptist  Church 
in  1857  ;  was  called  to  the  University  of  Alabama 
in  1860  as  Professor  of  Mathematics,  and  became 
commandant  of  cadets  in  that  institution.  At  the 
close  of  the  war  he  was  employed  as  architect  to 
design  and  erect  new  buildings  for  the  institution. 
lie  then  recommended  "  a  new  scheme  of  university 
organization."  which  was  adopted  by  the  trustees, 
but  was  defeated  by  State  reconstruction.  He  was 
called  to  the  presidency  of  Howard  College  to  put 
in  operation  a  plan  which  promised  results  so  long 
felt  as  most  desirable.  The  work  accomplished  at 
Howard  College  sinc'e  the  introduction  of  the  sys- 
tem of  college  administration  originated  by  James 
T.  Murfee  bears  testimony  to  the  superiority  of  the 
method  employed.  This  position  he  still  holds  to 
the  universal  satisfaction  of  the  denomination. 

Murphy,  John  R.,  D.D.,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1820, 
in  Cape  May  Co.,  N.  J.  As  he  approached  man- 
hood he  concluded  to  study  law,  but  after  his 
conversion  felt  constrained  to  devote  his  life  to 
the  ministry.  He  was  baptized,  in  1841,  by 
Rev.  J.  H.  Kennard,  D.D.,  and  united  with  the 
Tenth  Baptist  church,  Philadelphia.  He  pursued 
his  studies  for  a  time  at  Branchtown,  Pa.,  and  at 
the  old  Germantown  Academy.  He  graduated 
from  Madison  University  in  August,  1849,  and 
was  ordained  in  Philadelphia  in  1849.  From  1850 
to  1852  he  was  pastor  of  the  Greenwich  Baptist 
church,  Cumberland  Co.,  N.  J.  From  1853  to  1859 
he  was  pastor  of  the  Marlton  church.  Burlington 
Co.,-N.  J.  From  1859  to  1872  he  was  pastor  of 
the  First  Baptist  church,  Salem,  N.  J.  During 
these  years  of  labor  in  New  Jersey  he  was  closely 
identified  with  the  Baptist  enterprises  in  the  State. 
During  1864  he  spent  some  time  at  White  House 
and  City  Point,  Va.,  with  tiic  Union  army,  as  a 
member  of  the  Christian  Commission.  In  1872  he 
accepted  a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist 
church,  Des  Moines,  in  which  position  he  remained 
till  September,  1879,  sharing  with  his  brethren  in 
Iowa  the  responsibilities  of  the  general  work.    At 


MURPHY 


825 


MURROW 


present  he  is  residing  near  Wiiiterset,  Iowa,  wait- 
ing for  improved  healtii  to  resume  pastoral  work. 
During  his  twenty-seven  and  a  half  years  of  minis- 
terial labor  he  has  received  into  the  four  churches 
he  has  served  nearly  1000  members,  over  600  of 
whom  cam(!  by  baptism. 

Murphy,  Rev.  Joseph,  like  his  brother  Wil- 
liam, was  made  a  happy  subject  of  redeeming 
grace  in  early  life,  and  a  preacher  of  the  blessed 
gospel.  lie  and  his  brother  were  sneeringly  called 
"the  Murphy  boys,"  because  of  theiryoutli.  Joseph 
gave  groat  diligence  to  his  education  after  his  con- 
version, that  he  might  be  fully  qualified  to  ijrcach 
the  gospel.  He  had  mental  power,  ready  wit,  and 
fearless  courage,  and  he  had  a  heart  in  which  Christ 
reigned  supreme.  After  preaching  with  much  suc- 
cess in  his  native  Virginia,  he  took  charge  of  the 
church  in  Deep  Creek,  Surrey  Co.,  N.  C.  In  his 
new  home  he  was  eminently  useful,  and  soon  be- 
came the  leading  minister  in  the  Yadkin  Associa- 
tion. His  influence  also  had  weight  in  South  Caro- 
lina. He  was  living  in  1803,  and  had  passed  his 
eightieth  year,  an  honored  and  happy  Christian. 

Murphy,  Rev.  William,  was  led  to  the  Saviour 
and  baptized  by  the  celebrated  Shubal  Stearns. 
His  talents  were  respectable,  his  faith  vigorous, 
and  his  zeal  burning.  He  was  the  chief  instru- 
ment in  leading  Col.  Samuel  Harris  to  Jesus,  and 
he  was  also  favored  in  bringing  a  whole  harvest  of 
souls  to  the  same  blessed  Redeemer.  Mr.  Murphy 
had  not  only  a  sound  Christian  experience,  but  his 
doctrines  were  those  of  Calvin,  Augustine,  and 
Paul.  In  the  year  1775,  when  the  churches  were 
agitated  by  the  Arminian  controversy,  Mr.  Murphy, 
with  great  ability  and  success,  defended  sovereign 
and  efficacious  grace.  He  went  to  Kentucky  for  a 
permanent  home,  where  he  labored  with  the  divine 
approval  for  a  few  years,  and  then  was  transferred 
to  the  church  in  glory. 

Murphy,  Hon.  William  D.,  was  born  in  New 

York,  June  4,  1796  ;  died  Aug.  26,  1877.  A  full 
record  of  the  life  of  Mr.  Murphy  would  present  an 
illustration  of  the  success  and  intellectual  develop- 
ment that  so  often  attend  upon  young  men  whose 
hearts  are  influenced  by  correct  religious  princi- 
ples, and  who  are  diligent  in  business.  He  had 
received  an  English  education,  but  with  a  wonder- 
ful memory,  great  power  of  observation,  and  re- 
markal)le  conversational  abilities,  he  was  enabled 
to  make  up  for  any  deficiencies  in  his  earlier  op- 
portunities. His  life  was  one  of  continuous  study 
as  well  as  activity.  He  was  greatly  respected  in 
his  native  city,  and  was  often  called  to  fill  im- 
portant trusts.  As  member  of  common  council  in 
1841  and  1842,  and  of  the  board  of  education  for 
several  years,  he  manifested  great  interest  in  the 
schools,  and  conscientiously  discharged  his  duties. 
In  public  discussions  he  displayed  much  ability, 
53 


and  was  full  of  quiet  wit  and  humor,  and  master 
of  an  audience. 

He  was  hopefully  converted  in  June,  181.3,  and 
joined  the  Mulberry  Street  church,  New  York. 
In  1828  he  removed  his  membership  to  the  Oliver 
Street  church,  of  which  he  was  made  a  trustee,  and 
for  many  years  took  a  deep  interest  in  its  welfare. 
As  a  lay  preacher,  he  often  delighted  in  bringing 
the  consolations  of  the  gospel  before  the  destitute 
in  the  asylums  of  New  York,  and  few  men  were 
more  widely  known  or  more  warmly  welcomed. 
He  enjoyed  a  happy  old  age  in  the  bosom  of  his 
family,  where  he  was  greatly  beloved  by  an  affec- 
tionate household.  He  published,  as  the  result  of 
the  leisure  of  his  later  years,  a  volume  entitled 
"The  Advent,  and  other  Poems  and  Hymns.''  He 
represented  a  New  York  district  in  the  United 
States  Congress  for  two  years. 

Murrow,  Rev.  Joseph  Samuel,  a  missionary 

to  the  Choctaw  Indians,  in  the  Indian  Territory, 
sent  out  and  supported  by  the  Rehoboth  Baptist 
Association  of  Georgia,  was  born  in  Jefferson  Co., 
Ga.,  June  7,  1835.  He  became  a  Christian  at  a 
very  early  age,  and  received  academical  instruction 
in  youth.  He  joined  Green  Fork  Baptist  church, 
in  Burke  Co.,  Ga.,  at  nineteen  ;  was  licensed  at 
twenty.  In  1855,  at  the  age  of  twenty,  he  entered 
Mercer  University,  where  he  pursued  his  studies 
diligently  until  ordained  and  sent  out  as  a  mission- 
ary to  the  Indian  Territory  in  the  fall  of  1857.  In 
November  of  that  year  he  began  what  has  proved 
to  be  a  long,  laborious,  and  useful  missionary  life, 
in  which  much  of  hardship  and  suffering  has  been 
mingled  with  great  success  and  joy. 

He  settled  at  North  Fork  town,  and  began  his 
missionary  work  among  the  Creeks,  among  whom 
he  labored  most  assiduously  for  two  years.  He 
then  removed  to  Little  River,  Creek  Nation,  and 
began  a  work  among  the  Seminoles.  In  1861  he 
constituted  the  first  Baptist  church  ever  formed 
among  that  tribe.  During  the  war  the  Seminoles 
selected  him  as  their  agent,  in  transactions  with 
the  government,  to  receive  their  food  and  supplies  ; 
and,  as  he  was  cut  off  from  the  Association  which 
sustained  him,  he  was  thus  supported  ;  but  he 
never  forgot  his  character  as  a  missionary,  nor 
ceased  to  maintain  it,  while  performing  his  official 
duties  to  the  satisfaction  of  both  the  government 
and  tribe.  One  of  the  first  structures  built  always 
was  a  bush  arbor  for  ]>rpaching  services.  For  sev- 
eral years  he  and  his  wife  lived  thus  with  the  Sem- 
inoles, during  which  period  he  baptized  200  of  that 
nation,  and  may  thus  be  considered  the  father  of 
the  mission  work  among  the  Seminoles.  Three- 
fifths  of  the  adults  of  that  nation  are  now  Baptists. 

The  war  closed  in  1865,  and  his  duties  as  Indian 
agent  came  to  an  end.  Being  still  cut  off  from  his 
Association,  he  took  refuge  for  a  year  in  Texas, 


MURSELL 


826 


MUSGROVE 


but  returned  in  1866,  settling  at  Atoka,  Choctaw 
Nation,  the  first  missionary  to  return  to  the  Indian 
field  after  the  war.  He  found  the  Choctaw  mission 
in  a  very  demoralized  condition, 'and  proceeded  at 
once  to  reorganize  the  churches,  in  which  he  was 
very  successful,  constituting  a  large  Association, 
and  putting  the  Sunday-school  work  on  a  healthy 
basis.  The  Baptist  Theological  School,  for  train- 
ing teachers  and  preachers,  now  being  established  at 
Tallequah,  Cherokee  Nation,  by  the  Home  Mission 
Society  of  the  North,  is  the  conception  of  his  brain. 
He  has  now  been  a  missionary  among  the  Indians 
for  twenty-four  years,  has  preached  thousands  of 
sermons,  traveled  hundreds  of  thousands  of  miles, 
and  baptized  over  a  thousand  Indians,  yet  there 
is  no  abatement  in  his  desire  to  live  and  labor  for 
the  triumph  of  the  gospel  among  the  red  men  of 
the  West. 

Mursell,  Rev.  James,  the  eldest  soa  of  the  Rev. 
J.  P.  Mursell,  was  born  at  Leicester,  England,  July 
22,  1829.  He  received  a  liberal  education,  and 
after  two  or  three  years  of  secular  employment,  in 
connection  with  the  great  railway  works  of  Sir 
Morton  Peto,  he  determined  to  give  himself  to  min- 
isterial work,  having  previously  been  baptized  and 
received  into  his  father's  church  at  Leicester.  After 
a  brief  period  of  study  and  tutorial  work  at  Aber- 
deen, he  entered  Bristol  College,  and  at  the  con- 
clusion of  the  college  course  he  was  invited  to  the 
pastorate  of  the  church  at  Kettering,  as  successor  to 
the  Rev.  William  Robinson,  who  had  recently  re- 
moved to  Cambridge.  For  seventeen  years  Mr. 
Mursell  labored  at  Kettering,  with  a  zeal,  devotion, 
and  power  which  attracted  general  interest  and  en- 
couraged the  highest  expectations.  Few  men  were 
mere  genial  in  manners,  or  had  more  attached 
friends.  A  new  edifice  was  erected  more  worthy 
of  the  denominational  celebrity  of  the  town,  and 
better  adapted  to  the  vfrants  of  the  congregation. 
He  removed  from  Kettering  to  Bradford  in  1870, 
and  after  a  brief  pastorate  thgre,  settled  at  New- 
castle-on-Tyne  in  1872.  In  the  fullness  of  success- 
ful labors  and  growing  influence  he  died,  May  28, 
1875,  in  his  forty-sixth  year. 

Mursell,  Rev.  James  Philippo,  was  born  at 

Lyuiington,  England,  in  1800.  His  father.  Rev. 
William  Mursell,  labored  for  many  years  in  that 
town  and  neighborhood  as  a  Baptist  pastor.  Mr. 
•James  P.  Mursell  was  educated  at  the  famous 
Baptist  school  conducted  by  the  Rev.  James  Hinton, 
of  Oxford,  and  having  given  abundant  evidence  of 
ministerial  gifts  in  village  preaching,  he  was  en- 
tered at  Bristol  College  in  1822.  His  remarkable 
ability  as  a  preacher  procured  him  several  over- 
tures from  pastorless  churches  before  his  course  of 
study  was  completed,  and  in  1825  he  commenced  his 
stated  ministry  as  pastor  of  the  church  at  Wells, 
Somersetshire.     In  1826,  on  the  removal  of  Robert 


Hall  from  Leicester  to  Bristol,  the  attention  of  the 
church  at  Leicester  was  directed  to  Mr.  Mursell, 
and  in  the  following  year  he  entered  upon  his  min- 
istry as  Mr.  Hall's  successor  in  the  pastorate.  For 
nearly  fifty  years  Mr,  Mursell  continued  to  min- 
ister to  the  same  church,  and  he  was  the  recognized 
leader  of  the  denomination  in  the  midland  district. 
In  conjunction  with  Mr.  Edward  Miall  he  took  a 
conspicuous  part  in  organizing  the  anti-state- 
church  movement,  in  1843.  He  occupied  the  chair 
of  the  Baptist  Union  in  1864,  and  presided  over  the 
first  of  the  autumnal  assemblies  of  that  body. 
Throughout  his  long  and  honorable  career  Mr. 
Mursell  rendered  valuable  service  to  the  denomi- 
national interests,  particularly  in  connection  with 
the  foreign  missions,  of  which  for  many  years  he 
was  one  of  the  Committee  of  Management. 

Muscatine,  Iowa. — The  Baptist  church  at  this 
place  is  among  the  oldest  churches  of  the  State. 
It  was  constituted  in  1841,  and  has  always  held  a 
good  position  among  the  churches  of  Iowa.  It  has 
a. substantial  meeting-house,  valued  at  $14,000, 
and  202  members. 

Muse,  Rev.  Thomas,  of  Cuthbert,  Ga.,  was 
born  in  Middlesex  Co.,  Va.,  Jan.  6,  1810.  His 
grandparents  were  natives  of  England.  At  seven- 
teen years  of  age  Mr.  Muse  began  to  engage  in 
mercantile  pursuits,  which  he  continued  for  four- 
teen years.  In  1832  he  was  baptized,  and  four 
years  after  removed  to  Georgia,  settling  in  Blakel y, 
Early  Co.  While  still  merchandising  he  gradually 
entered  into  the  duties  of  a  minister,  led  on  by  his 
zeal  and  the  necessity  for  ministerial  labor  in  his 
neighborhood.  In  consequence  he  was  licensed 
May  7,  1837,  and  ordained  in  December,  1840.  to 
take  charge  of  a  church  organized  in  Blakely  out 
of  material  resulting  from  his  own  personal  labors, 
and' which  before  he  left  its  service  numbered  200 
members.  Mr.  Muse  moved  to  Cuthbert  to  take 
charge  of  a  church  there,  and  also  of  one  in'Randolph 
County  :  and  has  continued  to  the  present  time  a 
faithful,  laborious,  and  successful  minister  and 
pastor.  He  has  succeeded  in  winning  souls  to 
Christ  far  beyond  what  is  granted  to  most  pas- 
tors, for  more  than  4000  have  been  baptized  by  his 
own  hands.  He  has  been  greatly  beloved  by  his 
churches,  and  his  pastorates  have  lasted  from  four 
to  twenty  years.  He  aided  in  establishing  the 
Baptist  Female  College  in  Cuthbert.  and  became 
president  of  its  board  of  trustees.  For  twenty 
years  he  has  been  moderator  of  the  Bethel  Asso- 
ciation, and  for  forty  years  has  been  actively  en- 
gaged in  all  its  interests. 

Musgrove,  Rev.  Thomas  Jefferson,  was  bom 
in  Mason  Co.,  Ky.,  .Jan.  30.  1S37.  His  parents  re- 
moved to  Clark  Co.,  Mo.,  in  1840.  The  subject  of 
this  sketch  finished  his  college  course  when  twenty- 
four  years  of  age.     In  May,  1861,  he  was  ordained 


MUSIC 


827 


NASHVILLE 


to  the  ministry.  Tii  LS67  lie  took  charge  of  the 
public  schools  in  Alexandria,  Mo.  Afterwards  he 
established  the  Pleasant  Hill  Academy,  where  he 
taught  for  four  years.  Then  he  accepted  the  charge 
of  the  schools  in  Alexandria  a  second  time.  After 
laboring  for  two  years  in  this  capacity  he  estab- 
lished Alexandria  College,  of  which  he  is  the  presi- 
dent. He  is  a  Baptist,  and  a  man  of  energy, 
character,  and  usefulness. 
Music,  Rev.  Thomas  R.,  was  born  Oct.  17, 

1756;  was  converted  at  the  age  of  seventeen.  He 
spent  his  early  life  in  North  Carolina.  He  came  to 
Missouri  with  his  family  in  1803.  He  lived  in  St. 
Louis  County.  In  1807  he  organized  the  Fee  Fee 
church,  among  the  constituent  members  of  which 
•were  Adam  Martin  and  his  wife  Mary,  Richard 
and  Jane  Sullens.  Thos.  R.  Music  and  his  wife 
Sarah.  Elder  Brown,  from  Kentucky,  and  John 
Clark,  labored  with  Mr.  Music,  who  died  in  1842. 
Mr.  Music  preached  in  Missouri,  where  he  was 
persecuted   by    Catholics,    and    needed    a   gun    to 


guard  him  from  Indians.  He  is  buried  in  the 
church  grounds  at  Fee  Fee.  "Tlie  old  people  still 
cherish  his  memory. 

Mynatt,  Rev.  Wm.  C,  was  born  in  Knox  Co., 
Tenn.,  Nov.  16,  1808,  and  was  baptized  by  Rev. 
Samuel  Love,  in  1832;  removed  to  Asheville,  Ala., 
in  1833,  and  that  year  he  began  to  preach,  and  was 
ordained  in  1836,  in  Cherokee  County,  where,  in 
connection  with  other  counties,  he  spent  his  best 
days  as  a  minister,  living  ten  years  of  that  time  in 
De  Kalb  County  ;  spent  several  years  as  missionary 
of  the  Doinestic  Mission  Board,  and  was  unques- 
tionably the  leading  minister  in  that  part  of  the 
State.  In  1857  he  removed  to  Calhoun  County, 
where  he  still  resides  and  labors  for  Christ ;  though 
seventy-two  years  old  he  is  constantly  active.  He 
has  baptized  large  numbers  of  converts,  and  has 
been  a  most  trustworthy  and  gifted  minister  of 
the  gospel.  His  son.  Rev.  J.  B.  Mynatt,  and  his 
brother,  Rev.  Gordon  Mynatt,  are  also  worthy  Bap- 
tist ministers. 


N. 


Nash,  Rev.  C.  H.,  was  born  at  North  Gran- 
ville, Washington  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  6,  1835;  and 
nine  years  from  that  time  was  born  again  ;  but  for 
want  of  proper  instruction  and  encouragement, 
was  not  baptized  until  1850.  He  became  impressed 
that  it  was  his  duty  to  preach  the  gospel,  and  in 
1857  commenced  a  preparatory  course  at  Troy  Con- 
ference Academy,  Poultney,  Vt.  ;  and  two  years 
later  entered  on  the  regular  course  at  Madison  Uni- 
versity, Hamilton,  N.  Y.  Completing  his  studies 
at  Hamilton,  he  was  called,  in  1864,  to  the  pastorate 
of  the  Baptist  church  at  Westport,  N.  Y.  Here  he 
was  ordained.  He  remained  at  Westport  four 
years  and  a  half,  during  which  the  church  was 
considerably  increased  and  strengthened.  In  1869 
he  visited  Glen's  Falls,  N.  Y.,  and  after  supplying 
the  pulpit  of  the  Baptist  church  there  for  a  few 
months,  accepted  the  call  of  the  church  to  the  pas- 
torate, and  labored  with  much  success  for  ten. years 
and  a  half.  In  1879  he  resolved  to  enter  some 
mission  field  in  the  great  West.  Finding  a  little  dis- 
couraged, scattered  church  at  Concordia,  Kansas,  he 
commenced  labor  there  under  the  appointment  of 
the  Home  Mission  Society.  During  two  years  this 
church  has  dou}>led  in  membership,  and  has  now  a 
neat  brick  edifice  nearly  completed.  With  the  ad- 
vantage of  this  new  church,  centrally  located,  and 
with  the  Lord's  blessing,  there  is  a  good  work  in 
prospect  at  Concordia. 


Nash,  John  Anson,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Shel- 

burn,  Chenango  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  11,  1815.  In  his 
sixteenth  year  he  united  with  the  Methodist  Church, 
and  soon  after  he  embraced  Baptist  views.  Feeling 
called  to  preach  the  gospel,  he  entered  Madison 
University  in  1836,  and  graduated  from  college  in 
1842,  and  from  the  seminary  in  1844.  Having  ac- 
cepted a  call  from  the  Baptist  church  at  Water- 
town,  N.  Y.,  he  immediately  entered  upon  the  duties 
of  his  pastorate,  and  was  ordained  in  September, 
1844.  He  remained  at  Watertown  about  six  years. 
In  1850  he  came  to  Iowa.  He  has  preached  to  the 
Baptist  churches  in  Des  Moines  about  seventeen 
and  a  half  years ;  has  extended  his  labors  far  into 
the  surrounding  country,  gathering  and  organizing 
nearly  thirty  Baptist  churches.  In  1865,  on  the 
starting  of  the  University  of  Des  Moines,  by  the 
advice  of  the  movers  in  this  enterprise,  he  resigned 
his  pastorate  and  entered  upon  its  work ;  first  as 
financial  agent,  then  as  professor,  and  for  several 
years  he  has  been  its  president,  which  office  he  now 
holds.  Much  of  this  time,  however,  he  has  spent 
in  supplying  destitute  churches  in  the  surrounding 
region.  In  1877  he  received  the  degree  of  D.D. 
from  the  University  of  Chicago. 

Nashville,  First  Colored  Church  of.— Rev.  N. 
G.  Merry  became  pastor  of  this  community  in  1853, 
when  it  was  a  branch  of  the  First  church  of  white 
Baptists.     Since  that  time  the  organization  has  be- 


riii:- 


FIRST    COLORE 


,r,    UM-T.ST    CUUCU,    N^SHVU-LE,    TENN. 


NASHVILLE 


829 


NATIONAL 


come  independent,  and  it  has  been  unusually  pros- 
perous. Tlie  church  has  grown  from  100  to  2300 
members,  and  it  has  l)uilt  four  times  since  1853. 
Their  present  edifice  cost  !?2('),I)(I0,  and  it  will  seat 
1300  persons.  It  is  an  honor  to  the  colored  Bap- 
tists of  the  State. 

Nashville  Institute  is  situated  one  mile  from 
Nashville,  Tenn.,  upon  a  property  containing  thirty 
acres,  adjoining  the  Vanderhilt  University  grounds. 
The  site  is  high,  and  commands  an  unsurpassed 
prospect  of  the  city  and  surrounding  country.  The 
estate  was  bought  in  the  spring  of  1874  for  the 
American  Baptist  Homo  Mission  Society,  at  a  cost 


The  institute  has  a  "  Normal,"  an  "  Academic,'' 
a  "Scientific,"  a  "  Classical,"  and  a  "' Tlieologi- 
cal"  course.  It  prepares  young  men  and  women 
for  teaching,  and  it  educates  students  for  the  Chris- 
tian ministry.  For  lSSO-81  the  institute  had  8 
instructors  and  249  students  of  both  sexes.  Nasli- 
ville  Institute  has  been  and  is  now  a  rich  blessing 
to  the  colored  Baptists  of  this  country. 

Natchez  Seminary. — This  institution  is  devoted 
to  the  instruction  of  freedmen.  It  is  located  at 
Natchez,  Miss.,  and  is  doing  a  noble  work.  The 
spring  term  of  ISSO  closed  with  117  matriculates, 
of  whom  31  were  preparing  for  the  ministry,  and 


NASHVII.I.E     INSTITITE. 


of  S30,000.  At  the  time  it  had  a  mansion  upon  it, 
48  by  80  feet,  and  two  stories  high.  The  Society 
spent  about  $45,000  iti  additional  buildings,  exclu- 
sive of  the  cost  of  furnishing.  The  Institute  took 
possession  of  its  home  in  October,  1876. 

The  mansion-house  now  has  four  stories,  and 
furnishes  apartments  for  the  teachers  and  dormi- 
tories for  the  young  women.  Centennial  Hall,  49 
by  185  feet,  and  four  stories  in  height,  in  its  am]ile 
basement  provides  accommodations  for  the  board- 
ing department.  The  first  story  is  devoted  to  pub- 
lic rooms,  and  the  three  stories  above  it  furnish 
dormitories  for  about  140  young  men.  For  this 
building  the  Institute  is  chiefly  indebted  to  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Nathan  Bishop,  of  New  York. 


45  design  to  become  teachers.  The  institution  has 
the  hearty  sympathy  of  the  Baptists  of  Mississippi, 
and  is  destined  to  become  an  important  factor  in 
the  elevation  of  the  colored  race. 

National  Monitor,  The,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  was 

established  in  1870  by  Rev.  Rufus  L.  Perry  as  the 
official  organ  of  the  colored  Ba[)tists  of  the  United 
States.  The  condition  of  the  colored  people  made 
it  necessary  for  this  paper  to  be  of  a  politico- 
religious  character,  which  it  still  maintains.  It 
circulates  among  the  prominent  colored  people 
North  and  South,  and  is  read  in  Canada,  Ilayti, 
and  Africa.  It  is  now  one  of  the  leading  and  most 
influential  papers  among  the  colored  people.  Rev. 
Rufus  L.  Perry  is  still  editor. 


NEALE 


830 


NEBRASKA 


Neale,  Rollin  Heber,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  South- 
mgton,  Conn.  He  prepared  for  college  in  his  native 
town,  and  graduated  at  Columbian  College,  Wash- 
ington, D,  C,  in  the  class  of  1835.     While  a  student 


ROLLIN    HEBER    NEALE,  D.D. 

in  college  he  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Second 
Baptist  cliurch  in  Washington,  and  preached  there 
the  last  two  yeai-s  of  his  course.  While  pursuing 
his  studies  at  the  Newton  Theological  Institution 
he  was  the  pastor  of  the  South  Boston  Baptist 
church.  He  graduated  at  Newton  in  1S33.  From 
the  spring  of  1834  to  September,  1837,  he  was  the 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Needham, 
Mass.,  from  which  place  he  was  called  to  the  pas- 
torate of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Boston,  Sept. 
17,  1837,  and  continued  in  that  relation  until  June, 
1877,  a  period  of  nearly  forty  years.  Few  pastor- 
ates in  Baptist  churches  have  been  so  long,  and 
few  have  been  more  harmonious.  The  labors  of 
J)r.  Neale,  extending  on  through  all  these  years, 
iiave  been  greatly  blessed,  his  chm-ch,  under  the 
ministrations  of  their  pastor,  having  been  favored 
with  many  precious  revivals  of  religion. 

The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred 
upon  Dr.  Nealo  by  Brown  University  in  1850,  and 
by  Harvard  College  in  1857.  He  has  published  a 
few  sermons,  a  Harvard  College  Dudleian  lecture, 
a-  little  volume  called  the  "  Burning  Bush,"  and 
he  has  written  much  for  the  public  press.  Many 
of  the  addresses  which  ho  made  (and  in  tlie  making 
of  which  he  had  a  most  happy  gift)  on  funeral  oc- 
casions of  dear  friends  iiavo  found  tlioir  way  into 
print.     Tiiey  were   the    outgushings    of  a    warm. 


sympathizing  heart,  and  were  exceedingly  appro- 
priate to  the  occasions  upon  which  they  were 
uttered. 

Dr.  Neale  visited  Europe  four  times,  one  of 
which  was  in  company  with  Rev.  Dr.  Kirk,  the  late 
eloquent  pastor  of  the  Mount  Vernon  Congrega- 
tional church,  who  was  his  companion  while  trav- 
eling in  the  Holy  Land. 

For  many  years  he  was  a  "  visitor'"  and  an  over- 
seer of  Harvard  University.  He  always  took  . 
an  interest  in  public  affairs,  and  from  the  pulpit 
expressed  his  views  upon  the  great  moral  questions 
of  the  day.  He  was  known  to  be  a  minister  of  a 
kind  and  catholic  spirit,  and  while  he  held  a  very 
warm  place  in  the  hearts  of  his  own  brethren  in 
the  ministry,  he  had  the  respect  and  affection  of  the 
clerical  profession  of  all  denominations  in  Boston 
and  its  vicinity.  He  entered  upon  his  eternal  re- 
ward in  1879,  from  the  city  where  he  lived  for  so 
many  years. 

Nebraska. — Nebraska  occupies  a  position  near 
the  centre  of  the  republic.  Bounded  north  by 
Dakota,  east  by  the  Missouri  River,  south  by 
Kansas,  and  west  by  Wyoming.  It  was  originally 
a  part  of  the  Louisiana  purchase.  It  was  organ- 
ized as  a  Territory  May  30,  1854,  by  the  Kansas 
and  Nebraska  Act.  It  was  admitted  into  the 
Union  as  a  sovereign  State  in  March,  1867.  The 
extreme  length  of  the  State  from  east  to  west  is 
within  a  fraction  of  413  miles,  and  its  extreme 
width  from  north  to  south  is  208  miles.  In  area 
the  State  contains  nearly  75,995  square  miles,  or 
about  48,636,800  acres.  The  area  of  Nebraska  is 
12,359  square  miles  larger  than  all  the  New  Eng- 
land States  combined. 

Emigration  into  the  Territory  began  in  1849. 
The  first  settlements  were  confined  to  the  neigiibor- 
hood  of  the  Missouri  River  and  a  narrow  strip  on 
one  side  of  the  Platte.  Here  were,  therefo"e,  laid 
the  foundations  of  the  future  churches  in  Nebraska. 
For  religious  enterprises  the  circumstances  were 
unfavorable.  Tlie  population  was  unstable.  Some 
came  to  speculate  in  land,  whose  stay  was  tran- 
sient. But  others  came  to  remain.  These  were 
poor  and  scattered,  but  unity  in  religious  beliefs 
brought  these  settlers  together,  at  convenient  cen- 
tres, for  the  service  of  God  and  for  mutual  edifi- 
cation. 

THE  BAPTIST  ASSOCIATION. 
The  few  Baptists  who  had  come  to  the  Territorj' 
to  remain  formed  themselves  into  churches  at  va- 
rious points.  On  the  28th  and  29th  of  May,  1858, 
at  Nebraska  City,  the  Neliraska  Baptist  Association 
was  organized  by  seven  churches,  whicli  had  been 
previously  formed.  These  were,  in  the  order  in 
which  tlioy  were  constituted,  Nebraska  City.  Peru. 
Plattsinonth.  Fontenelle,  Cumming  City,  Rock 
Blull",  and  Florence. 


NEBRASKA 


831 


NEBRASKA 


The  First  Nebraska  City  church  was  recognized 
Auj;;.  18,  1855. 

At  the  organization  of  the  Nebraska  Association 
the  names  of  only  two  ordained  ministers  appear  on 
the  minutes, — Rev.  J.  M.  Taggart  and  Rev.  J.  G. 
Bowen,  missionaries  of  the  American  Baptist  Home 
Mission  Society.  If  the  members  were  few  in  num- 
ber, the  records  of  the  first  meeting  show  tiiat  tliey 
were  men  of  hirge  ideas,  strong  faith,  and  a  clear 
insight  into  the  future  greatness  of  the  Territory. 
At  this  meeting  vital  questions  were  discussed, — 
education.  Baptist  literature,  benevolence,  temper- 
ance. Among  the  resolutions  passed  we  find  the 
following,  so  full  of  wisdom  : 

"  Resolved,  That  we  recommend  to  the  churches 
of  this  Association,  when  practicable,  to  erect  their 
meeting-houses  within  the  limits  of  incorporate 
towns,  and  that  measures  be  taken  at  an  early  day 
to  secure  eligil)le  sites  for  building  purposes." 

The  first  effort  at  church-ljuilding  by  the  Bap- 
tists in  Nebraska  was  at  Omaha  in  I860.  For  years 
the  growth  of  the  churches  was  slow  ;  the  faith  of 
the  early  laborers  was  severely  tested. 

At  the  fifth  annual  meeting  of  the  Association 
there  was  an  increase  of  one  church  and  of  84 
members.  In  18t)7  four  churches  were  dismissed 
with  prayers,  and  the  Omaha  Association  was 
formed.  Since  then  God  has  greatly  blessed  our 
sti'Uggling  brethren  in  Nebraska. 

STATE  CONVENTION. 

The  Nebraska  Baptist  State  Convention  was  or- 
ganized in  1868  to  take  the  place  of  the  Domestic 
Mission  Board,  which  had  been  organized  under  a 
resolution  adopted  by  the  original  Association  Sept. 
10,  1864. 

The  resolution  reads  as  follows  :  "  Resolved,  That 
a  missionary  board  of  five  members  be  appointed 
at  each  annual  meeting  of  this  Association,  whose 
duty  it  shall  be  to  ascertain  the  destitution  of  Bap- 
tist preaching  as  far  as  possible,  and  by  correspond- 
ing with  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  So- 
ciety, and  appealing  to  the  churches  composing  this 
Association,  to  make  arrangements  for  its  supply; 
and  that  we  recommend  to  the  churches  the  penny- 
a-week  system  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  out  this 
resolution.'' 

Article  2d  of  its  constitution  states  the  object  of 
the  State  Convention:  "'The  object  of  this  body 
sliall  be  to  unite  the  Baptist  churches  of  the  State 
in  the  dissemination  of  the  principles  of  the  gospel 
as  understood  by  them  into  all  parts  of  the  State, 
and  especially,  in  the  prosecution  of  domestic  mis- 
sion work,  to  co-operate  with  the  Baptist  Home 
Mission  Society."  In  the  revised  constitution  of 
1879  the  object  is  substantially  the  same. 

At  the  annual  meeting  in  1872  the  following 
resolution  was  carried  : 


"  Resolved,  That  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  out 
more  fully  the  objects  of  the  Nebraska  Baptist 
State  Convention  we  hereby  incorporate  ourselves 
in  accordance  with  the  laws  of  the  State,  so  that 
we  may  acquire  and  hold  property  with  which  to 
educate  and  sustain  ministers,  build  or  aid  in  build- 
ing church  edifices,  make  provision  for  superannu- 
ated pastors  or  preachers,  and  sustain  all  other  in- 
stitutions by  which  the  churches  may  be  united  in 
the  dissemination  of  the  principles  of  the  gospel 
as  understood  by  them  in  all  parts  of  the  world.'' 

The  aim  of  the  Convention  has  been  hitherto  to 
assist  and  co-operate  with  the  Baptist  Home  Mis- 
sion Society.  At  each  of  its  annual  sessions  ques- 
tions of  vital  importance  to  the  home  field  have 
been  discussed.  At  no  meeting  has  the  work 
abroad  been  forgotten. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  board  held  in  October,  1877, 
it  was  resolved  to  hold  a  historical  meeting  in  June. 
1878,  at  Nebraska  City.  The  object  of  the  meeting 
was  to  bring  the  Baptists  together  and  to  review 
the  past.  An  interesting  programme  was  prepared. 
Eminent  men  from  abroad  lent  their  aid.  Rev.  J. 
M.  Taggart,  the  only  remaining  pioneer  missionary, 
read  a  historical  paper  of  much  interest,  in  which 
he  reviewed  the  growth  and  development  of  the 
denomination  for  twenty  years.  The  meeting  re- 
sulted in  imparting  new  zeal  to  the  brethren  and 
new  life  to  the  State  Convention.  At  the  annual 
meeting  in  1879,  Rev.  H.  L.  Morehouse,  corre- 
sponding secretary  of  the  American  Baptist  Home 
Mission  Society,  submitted  to  the  board  of  the 
State  Convention  a  plan  for  practical  co-operation 
with  that  societ}',  which  was  adopted.  The  third 
and  fourth  specifications  are  as  follows  : 

"  The  Home  Mission  Society  shall  appropriate  to 
the  mission  work  in  Nebraska  a  definite  sum  pro 
rata  to  receipts  from  the  State  for  the  fiscal  year  of 
the  Convention  ending  Nov.  1,  1880,  four  dollars 
additional  to  each  dollar  received  from  the  State; 
the  apportions  to  be  made,  so  far  as  possible,  at  the 
beginning  of  the  year,  upon  a  reasonable  estimate 
of  probable  receipts,  and  to  be  corrected  by  actual 
experience. 

"The  Convention  shall  superintend  the  work  in 
the  State,  determine  fields,  nominate  missionaries, 
name  their  salaries,  and  determine  the  time  of 
labor;  the  Home  Mission  Society  to  appoint  and 
pay  those  nominated  so  far  as  they  approve  such 
nominations  and  terms." 

The  existence  and  growth  of  the  Baptist  churches 
in  Nebraska  are  due  largely  to  tiie  American  Bap- 
tist Home  Mission  Society.  There  is  scarcely,  a 
church  in  the  State  which  it  has  not  aided.  The 
number  of  self-supporting  churches  as  yet  is  small. 
The  majority  of  the  pastors  in  active  service  are 
sustained  in  part  by  this  society.  The  need  for 
enlarged  liberality  in  this  field  is  very  great. 


NEBRASKA 


832 


NEBRASKA 


EDUCATION. 

Recognizing  the  need  and  value  of  an  educated 
ministry,  the  question  of  higher  education  received 
attention  in  the  early  history  of  this  Territory. 
We  find  the  follovying  in  the  minutes  of  the  State 
Convention  for  1870: 

"Your  Executive  Board,  to  which  vfas  referred, 
by  a  I'esolution  passed  at  the  last  annual  session, 
the  subject  of  a  denominational  educational  insti- 
tution for  the  State,  respectfully  report  that  the 
duty  charged  upon  them  has  been  fulfilled,  as  vrill 
be  seen  by  referring  to  the  proceedings  of  the  board 
meeting  published  in  last  year's  minutes.  So  far 
as  the  members  of  the  Executive  Board  have  knowl- 
edge, no  definite  propositions  for  the  location  of  a 
Baptist  college  have  as  yet  been  received  which 
were  of  such  a  character  as  to  warrant  your  com- 
mittee in  recommending  a  location,  as  was  contem- 
plated in  that  resolution. 

"Your  committee  would  further  add  that  the 
subject  of  the  founding  of  a  Baptist  college  in  Ne- 
braska, while  it  is  one  of  the  greatest  importance 
to  our  interests,  is  one  which  should  demand  and 
receive  the  most  careful  deliberation  at  our  hands. 
We  are  warned  on  every  hand  by  the  experience 
of  our  brethren  in  other  States,  as  well  as  by  that 
of  other  denominations  in. our  own  State,  that  the 
attempt  to  build  up  at  too  early  a  day  in  the  history 
of  a  State  such  an  institution  as  is  contemplated  in 
your  resolution  of  last  yeai:  is  not  only  full  of 
difficulty,  but  of  real  danger  to  the  interests  it  is 
designed  to  support.  It  imposes  a  pecuniary  bur- 
den not  easily  borne  even,  in  wealthy  communities 
and  with  favorable  surroundings, — a  burden  which, 
in  our  estimation,  it  would  be  unwise  for  us  at  pres- 
ent to  assume. 

"  Your  committee  are  of  opinion  that  the  follow- 
ing are  essential  to  success  in  a  denominational 
college  enterprise  in  Nebraska  : 

"  1st.  That  it  be  located  in  the  midst  of  earnest 
and  able  friends. 

"  2d.  That  it  have  sufficient  local  subscriptions  to 
erect  suitable  buildings  in  which  to  open  the  school, 
and  a  fair  sum  towards  an  endowment. 

"  3d.  Denominational  unity  in  the  State  in  refer- 
ence to  its  support  as  a  part  of  the  list  of  agencies 
for  carrying  on  the  work  of  this  Convention. 

"  We  therefore  recommend  that  further  action  in 
this  matter  be  dispensed  with  until  God  by  his 
providence  shall  show  us  that  we  are  in  possession 
of  the  conditions  which  will  insure  success  ;  and 
that  in  the  mean  time  the  brethren  residing  in  local- 
ities where  circumstances  are  favorable  aim  at  the 
establishment  of  local  seminaries  and  academies 
mainly  self-supporting,  which  may  in  the  future, 
when  our  wants  and  our  ability  warrant  it,  become 
the  nuclei  of  such  an  institution  as  shall  reflect 
credit  upon  our  denomination  and  our  State." 


This  question  was  considered  each  subsequent 
year  until  the  meeting  of  the  Executive  Board  of 
the  State  Convention  held  in  Hastings  in  May, 
1880,  when  Mr.  Eddy,  a  Baptise  of  Gibbon,  was 
present  to  invite  the  attention  of  the  Educational 
Committee  to  an  opportunity  offered  at  that  place. 
After  correspondence  on  the  subject,  the  chairman 
of  the  committee  visited  Gibbon,  and  learned  that 
there  was  a  prospect  of  obtaining  a  good  donation 
if  we  would  locate  our  Baptist  school  there.  A 
report  was  made  at  the  meeting  of  the  Executii-e 
Board  in  Blair,  Aug.  4,  1880,  and  the  following 
resolution  was  passed  : 

^^ Resolved,  That  we  locate  our  Baptist  school  at 
Gibbon,  provided  the  citizens  of  Gibbon  and  vicinity 
will  donate  a  certain  brick  building,  three  stories 
high,  40  by  60  feet,  together  with  five  acres  of  land, 
and  §1000  for  repairs  and  alterations;  also  i^lOOO 
per  year  for  three  years  as  tuition  for  pupils  of  the 
district  above  the  primary  department.'' 

A  request  was  made  by  the  Executive  Board  that 
the  Educational  Committee  proceed  at  once  to  secure 
the  property  and  open  a  school  as  soon  as  possible. 

A  special  meeting  of  the  Executive  Board  was 
called  to  meet  at  Lincoln,  Aug.  16,  at  which  reso- 
lutions were  passed  appointing  the  Rev.  G.  W.  Read 
as  principal  of  the  school,  and  giving  it  the  name 
of  Nebraska  Baptist  Seminary.  The  appointment 
was  accepted,  and  a  nieeting  arranged  between  the 
Educational  Committee  and  the  citizens  of  Gibbon 
for  Aug.  23.  At  this  meeting  the  citizens  agreed 
to  comply  with  the  conditions  expressed  in  the 
resolution. 

Papers  were  drawn  and  the  building  transferred 
to  the  Nebraska  Baptist  State  Convention.  The 
money  promised  for  repairs  was  paid,  and  the 
building  is  now  undergoing  repairs.  School  will 
be  commenced  about  Nov.  1,  1880.  The  property 
is  valued  at  §15,000. 


Statistical  Report 

of  Associations, 

Associations. 

Number  of 
Churches. 

Number  of 
Members. 

First  Nebraska       

13 
15 
16 
11 
21 
15 

11 
9 
3 

7 

690 

693 

575 

458 

York                       

607 

306 

672 

201 

428 

145 

80 

Associations,  10. 

138 

4855 

The  following  ministers  have  done  noble  work 
in  other  States,  and  are  at  present  in  active  service 
in  Nebraska :  Rev.  0.  A.  Buzzell,  Juniata ;  Rev. 
W.  S.  Gee,  Lincoln  ;  Rev.  J.  Gunderman,  Central 
City;  Rev.   N.   P.  Ilotchkiss,  Pawnee  City;  Rev. 


NELSON 


833 


NELSON 


J.  Lewelling,  Weston  ;  Rev.  S.  B.  Mayo,  Beaver 
City;  Kev.  J.  W.  Osborn,  Fremont;  Rev.  Amos 
Pratt,  Exeter;  Prof.  C.  C.  Bush,  St.  Edward's; 
Rev.  I.  R.  Shanafelt,  Macon  ;  Rev.  G.  W.  Taylor, 
Blair;  Rev.  E.  D.  Thomas,  Liberty  ;  Rev.  T.  K. 
Tyson,  Walioo  ;  Rev.  A.  Weaver,  Loup  City;  Rev. 
f".  M.  Williams,  Ashland. 

Nelson,  Rev.  Ebenezer,  was  bom  in  Middle- 
borough,  Mass.,  Nov.  9,  1787,  and  received  his 
early  education  in  Taunton  and  South  Reading, 
and  entered  upon  mercantile  pursuits  in  Provi- 
dence, R.  L  At  the  age  of  twenty-nine  years  he 
made  a  public  profession  of  his  faith,  and  was  bap- 
tized by  Rev.  Dr.  Gano.  Soon  after  he  commenced 
to  study  for  the  ministry, "being  for  a  part  of  the 
time  a  pupil  of  Rev.  Dr.  Chaplin,  afterwards  pres- 
ident of  Waterville  College.  He  was  ordained  as 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Lynn,  Mass.,  July 
26,  1820,  where  he  remained  seven  years.  His 
health  failing,  he  resigned  his  pastorate,  and  was 
employed  for  a  year  in  raising  funds  for  tiie  endow- 
ment of  the  Newton  Theological  Institution.  His 
term  of  service  being  completed,  he  accepted  a  call 
to  become  the  pastor  of  the  West  Cambridge  church, 
and  was  installed  Sept.  9,  1828.  He  remained  here 
six  years,  and  was  then  appointed  the  secretary  of 
the  Northern  Baptist  Education  Society,  holding 
this  position  for  two  years  and  a  half,  during  which 
time  he  rendered  most  efficient  service  in  the  cause 
of  ministerial  education.  A  vacancy  having  oc- 
curred in  tlie  Central  Btiptist  church  in  Middlo- 
borough,  Mass.,  he  accepted  a  call  to  that  church, 
and  for  fourteen  years  was  their  pastor,  his  labors 
being  greatly  blessed  in  the  conversion  of  sinners 
and  the  building  up  of  the  church.  He  took  also  a 
deep  interest  in  promoting  the  prosperity  of  Pierce 
Academy,  an  institution  which  accomplished  so 
much  good  in  the  mental  and  moral  training  of 
scores  of  both  sexes.  His  health  failing  again,  he 
resigned  his  ministry.  He  continued  to  perform 
such  service  as  he  could  for  the  cause  he  so  much 
loved,  but  gradually  he  wasted  away  under  the  dis- 
ease which  finally  proved  fatal.  He  died  at  Lynn, 
whither  he  had  removed  from  Middleborough,  April 
6,  1852. 

Few  ministers  in  Massachusetts  labored  more 
faithfully  or  accomplished  more  good  than  Eben- 
ezer Nelson.  His  name  and  memory  are  greatly 
revered  to  this  day  in  the  places  where  he  labored 
as  an  ambassador  of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ. 

Nelson,  Rev.  James,  was  born  in  Mississippi 
in  1841 ;  was  educated  at  Center  College,  Danville, 
Ky.  His  great  work  was  in  connection  with  the 
board  of  ministerial  education  of  Mississippi  Col- 
lege. His  field  was  Mississippi,  Arkansas,  and 
Louisiana,  where  his  name  will  long  be  affection- 
ately remembered.  Through  his  instrumentality 
a  large  number  of  young  ministers  were  stimulated 


to  strive  for  higher  education,  and  provided  with 
the  means  to  meet  their  expenses.  Some  of  these 
have  proved  to  be  the  most  efficient  ministers  in 
the  Southwest.  He  died  at  Clinton.  Miss.,  Jan.  21, 
1870.  In  connection  with  his  educational  work  he 
performed  a  vast  amount  of  evangelical  labor. 

Nelson,  Rev.  James,  was  born  in  Louisa  Co., 
Va.,  Aug.  23,  1841  ;  was  converted  at  the  age  of 
fourteen,  and  joined  the  Elk  Creek  church.  He 
was  educated  at  Richmond  and  the  Columbian 
College,  graduating  at  the  latter  in  186G,  with  the 
degree  of  A.M.  ;  was  licensed  in  1859,  and  ordained 
in  1863.  AVhile  a  chaplain  in  the  Confederate  array 
tlie  great  revival  which  occurred  among  the  troops 
of  Northern  Virginia  had  its  origin  in  his  labors  in 
connection  with  those  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Marshall,  of 
Georgia.  Immediately  after  his  graduation  Mr. 
Nelson  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Georgetown,  D.  C.  In  1871  he  resigned  his  charge 
there,  and  liecame  the  evangelist  and  Sunday-school 
missionary  for  Maryland  and  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia, and  during  the  four  years  of  his  services 
in  this  capacity  hundreds  were  converted  and  bap- 
tized, and  a  number  of  new  churches  formed.  He 
is  at  present  the  useful  pastor  of  the  Farmville 
Baptist  church,  Va.  He  is  a  forcible  writer,  and 
occasionally  contributes  to  the  religious  papers  of 
the  denomination. 

Nelson,  Rev.  Stephens.,  was  born  in  Middle- 
borough,  Mass.,  Oct.  5,  1772,  and  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  celebrated  Rev.  Isaac  Backus's  church 
when  he  was  sixteen  years  of  age.  He  graduated 
at  Brown  University  in  1794  with  the  first  honors 
of  his  class.  He  pursued  his  theological  studies 
with  Rev.  Dr.  Stillman,  and  was  licensed  to  preach 
in  the  twenty-fourth  year  of  his  age.  He  was  or- 
dained by  a  council  selected  from  the  Warren  As- 
sociation. His  first  pastorate  was  in  Hartford, 
Conn.,  where  his  labors  were  greatly  blessed.  In 
a  memorable  revival  which  occurred  in  Hartford 
in  1798  more  than  100  wei*e  baptized  into  the  fel- 
lowship of  the  Baptist  church.  While  in  Connec- 
ticut, Mr.  Nelson  proved  himself  the  warm  friend 
of  religious  liberty,  and  took  an  active  part  in 
urging  the  Baptist  petition  or  remonstrance,  ad- 
dressed to  the  Legislature  of  Connecticut,  against 
the  unjust  law  which  compelled  Baptists  and  others 
to  contribute  to  the  support  of  the  "  standing  order." 
The  restrictions  were  finally  retiioved  by  the  new 
constitution,  which  went  into  force  in  1818. 

Mr.  Nelson  received  and  accepted,  in  1801,  a 
call  to  become  pastor  of  the  church  in  Mount 
Pleasant,  N.  Y.,  and  to  take  charge  of  a  literary 
institution  in  that  place.  In  this  new  relation  he 
met  with  deserved  success.  His  subsequent  pas- 
torates were  in  Attleborough  and  Plymouth,  Mass., 
and  in  Canton,  Conn.  Having  resigned  the  pas- 
torate of  the  church  in  this  latter  place,  he  removed 


NELSON 


834 


NEW  BIRTH 


to  Amherst,  Mass.,  for  the  purpose  of  giving  his 
sons  an  opportunity  to  take  a  course  of  study  in 
Amherst  College.  Declining  again  to  become  a 
pastor,  he  preached  whenever -opportunity  pre-- 
sented  in  the  neighboring  villages.  His  closing 
days  were  days  of  peace  and  religious  enjoyment. 
He  died  Dec.  8,  1853,  at  the  ripe  age  of  eighty-one 
years. 

Nelson,  Rev.  W.  A.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Jeffer- 
son Co.,  Tenn.,  July  1, 1837  ;  baptized  by  M.  Gate  ; 
graduated  at  Carson  College,  Tenu.,  in  18.59;  or- 
dained in  1860  ;  was  missionary  during  the  war  ;  did 
good  work  as  a  pastor  at  Shelbyville,  Tenn.,  and 
was  very  successful  at  Edgefield,  Nashville,  where, 
under  his  pastorate,  the  church  increased  from  31 
to  350,  and  built  a  fine  house  and  parsonage  ;  came 
to  North  Carolina  in  search  of  health  in  1879  ;  be- 
came president  of  Judson  College,  and  has  gone 
into  the  pastorate  again  at  Shelby  ;  a  very  success- 
ful man.     He  received  D.D.  from  his  alma  mater. 

Nevada,  one  of  the  States  of  the  American 
Union,  lying  east  of  California,  noted  for  its  im- 
mense silver  and  gold  mines,  yielding  many  mil- 
lions every  year.  Several  Baptist  churches  have 
been  organized.  Only  two  remain,  and  give  prom- 
ise of  permanence  and  growth, — one  at  Virginia 
City,  formed  in  1873,  with  eighteen  members,  and 
one  at  Reno,  organized  about  1875.  Both  are 
making  good  progress.  There  are  only  two  Bap- 
tist ministers  in  the  State  engaged  in  the  minis- 
try,— Rev.  H.  W.  Read,  of  Virginia  City,  and  Rev. 
Dr.  D.  B.  McKenzie,  at  Reno.  Both  churches 
have  good  meeting-houses.  There  are  many  Bap- 
tists in  the  towns  and  mining-camps  of  Nevada, 
but  they  are  members  of  churches  elsewhere.  This 
great  State  is  ripe  for  cultivation  by  faithful  Bap- 
tist missionaries. 

New  Birth,  The.^Nicodemus,  a  cultured  Israel- 
ite, a  sincere  inquirer  after  truth,  a  loved,  honored, 
and  blameless  citizen,  at  the  time  when  he  came  to 
Jesus  first,  knew  nothing  of  the  second  birth,  and 
was  destitute  of  all  title  to  heaven.  And  the  same 
tiling  is  true  of  many  of  the  enlightened  and  worthy 
of  our  age.  AVithout  this  birth  there  can  be  no 
love  for  Jesus,  and  no  taste  for  the  gratifications 
of  heaven. 

God  is  the  author  of  the  second  birth  :  ''As  many 
as  received  him,  to  them  gave  ho  power  to  Ijecome 
the  sons  of  God,  even  to  them  that  believe  on  his 
name,  who  were  born,  not  of  blood,  nor  of  the  will 
of  the  flesh,  nor  of  the  will  of  man,  but  of  God." — 
John  i.  12,  13.  In  these  woi-ds  it  is  emphatically 
denied  that  regeneration  springs  from  any  fleshly 
or  human  agency,  and  it  is  ascribed  wholly  to  God. 
Again,  it  is  said,  "  The  wind  bloweth  where  it  list- 
eth,  and  thou  hearest  the  sound  thorcof,  but  canst 
not  tell  whence  it  cometh,  and  whither  it  goeth  :  so 
is  every  one  tiiat  is  born  of  the  Spirit." — John 


iii.  8.  The  Spirit  is  the  regenerator  of  every  be- 
liever. The  Lord  says,  in  Ezekiel  xxxvi.  2G,  "  A 
new  heart  also  will  I  give  you,  and  a  new  spirit 
will  I  put  within  you  :  and  I  will  take  away  the 
stony  lieart  out  of  your  flesh,  and  I  will  give  you 
a  heart  of  flesh."  Tiie  new  heart,  the  new  birth, 
is  the  work  of  God's  Spirit  altogether. 

The  new  birth  requires  no  lengthened  prepara- 
tion ;  the  Spirit,  with  his  itistrument,  the  truth, 
can  complete  it  in  a  second  in  the  worst  specimen 
of  humanity.  When  the  Spirit  enters  the  heart 
the  second  birth  is  the  work  of  a  moment,  no  mat- 
ter how  long  penitential  sorrow,  unrelieved  by  jus- 
tifying faith,  may  continue. 

The  new  birth  is  not  Christian  baptism,  in  which 
it  has  been  said  that  a  person  is  "  made  a  member 
of  Christ,  the  child  of  God,  and  an  inheritor  of  the 
kingdom  of  heaven  :"  not  a  single  one  of  these 
blessings  was  ever  conferred  by  that  solemn  rite. 
It  is  a  change  of  affections  ;  the  regards  of  the  soul 
are  lifted  by  the  Spirit  of  God  from  ourselves,  the 
world,  and  sinful  objects,  and  they  are  made  to 
hunger  for  the  Saviour.  This  produces  an  ex- 
tensive alteration  in  the  internal  and  external  con- 
dition of  the  man.  He  does  not  delight  in  what 
he  once  loved.  His  chief  pleasure  is  the  favor  of 
Christ,  for  which,  or  for  the  fuller  enjoyment  of 
which,  his  soul  is  constantly  craving.  "  He  is  a 
new  creature  :  old  things  are  passed  away  ;  behold, 
all  things  are  become  new."  Ilis  mind  is  enlight- 
ened, his  will  is  corrected,  his  sins  are  loathed  and 
forsaken,  and  his  affections  are  turned  Christ- 
ward. 

The  regenerated  man  when  he  is  first  horn  again 
feels  repentance  for  sin  in  his  heart:  this  accom- 
panies the  new  birth  invariably.  lie  always  feels 
a  desire  to  trust  in  Jesus  when  he  is  born  again, 
and  jie  never  rests  till  he  has  committed  his  soul 
to  Christ. 

The  regenerate  man  loses  his  old  hopes  and  their 
foundation  as  soon  as  he  is  born  again.  His  ex- 
pectation>;  of  divine  i'avor  were  once  built  upon  his 
good  qualities,  blameless  acts,  or  commendable  in- 
tentions. The  regenerating  grace  of  the  heavenly 
Spirit  sweeps  away  all  his  imaginary  merits  and 
false  hopes,  and  for  a  foundation  he  sees  only  the 
crucified  Saviour  full  of  gospel  hopes. 

The  new  liirth  removes  old  treasures  and  be- 
stows new  riches.  The  wealth  of  unbelieving 
days  no  longer  has  power  to  fascinate  the  soul, 
and  Calvary  becomes  the  pearl  of  great  price  for 
which  the  regenerated  person  counts  all  things  but 
loss. 

And  the  new  birth  dethrones  old  despots  in  the 
soul. — the  world,  sinful  habits,  covetousness,  and 
superstition,— and  it  never  rests  until  Christ  is 
Master  of  mind,  heart,  and  life. 

A  new  heart  is  demanded  by  the  sinners  reproach- 


NEW  BRUNSWICK 


835 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE 


ing  conscience,  and  by  the  God  of  infinite  good- 
ness. "  Heaven  is  a  prepared  place  for  a  prepared 
people,"  without  a  taste  for  the  enjoyments  of  para- 
dise a  man  cannot  be  happy  in  it.  An  unregen- 
erate  man  could  not  gatiier  satisfaction  from  the 
religious  pleasures  of  the  celestial  home  ;  and  if 
he  were  to  enter  it  he  would  be  rendered  still 
more  miserable  by  its  holy  conversation  and  occu- 
pations. For  him  there  is  no  rest  in  any  world 
without  a  new  heart.  Besides,  a  holy  law  must 
hurl  its  anathemas  forever  at  the  man  who  cherishes 
sin  in  his  heart.  And  as  his  "  carnal  mind  is  en- 
mity against  God,"  he  would  feel  himself  at  war 
with  God  in  any  quarter  of  his  wide  dominions,  and 
in  any  section  of  everlasting  duration.  The  Saviour 
utters  the  doctrine  of  the  glorified  in  heaven,  of  all 
holy  angels,  of  the  entire  earthly  believing  family, 
of  the  Holy  Word,  and  of  the  adorable  Trinity, 
when  he  says,  "  Marvel  not  that  I  said  unto  thee. 
Ye  must  be  born  again." — -lolin  iii.  7. 

New  Brunswick  Baptists.— See  article  on 
Nov.\  ScoTi.\  Baptists. 

Newell,  Rev.  I.  D.,  was  born  in  Rushville, 
Schuyler  Co.,  111.,  -July  2,  1837  ;  baptized  in  Upper 
Alton  in  1849:  ordained  in  Moline,  Oct.  13,  1871. 
He  is  the  son  of  Rev.  I.  D.  Newell.  Mr.  Newell 
spent  nearly  four  years  in  the  Union  army  during 
the  war,  being  the  first  to  enlist  in  Bunker  Hill, 
under  the  President's  first  call.  He  served  two 
years  in  the  ranks,  during  which  time  he  partici- 
pated in  the  battles  of  Fort  Henry,  Fort  Donelson, 
Pittsburg  Landing,  and  the  siege  of  Corinth,  bear- 
ing the  colors  of  the  regiment  in  the  last-named 
conflict.  At  the  end  of  two  years'  service  he 
was  transferred  to  EUet's  fleet,  on  the  Mississippi 
River,  and  promoted  to  a  first  lieutenancy,  and  one 
month  later  to  a  captaincy,  both  commissions 
coming  from  President  Lincoln.  At  the  close  of 
the  war  he  entered  ShurtlefT  College.  He  com- 
pleted his  theological  course  at  Crozer  Seminary, 
graduating  in  1871.  He  was  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  of  Moline,  111.,  for  one  year.  Failing  in 
health,  he  removed  to  Nebraska,  and  preached 
three  years  in  Clay  and  Adams  Counties.  At 
present  he  gives  but  a  part  of  his  time  to  the  min- 
istry, being  county  superintendent  of  public  schools 
in  Clay  County. 

Newfoundland  Baptists. — See  article  on  Nova 
Scotia  Baptists. 

New  Hampshire  Baptists. — Ilanserd  KnoUys 
founded  the  First  church  in  Dover,  N.  H.,  in  1638. 
A  little  later  he  preached  Baptist  doctrines ;  and 
in  1641  he  was  recognized  by  the  people  of  Dover 
as  a  decided  exponent  of  our  principles  ;  the  result 
was  two  religious  communities.  After  his  return 
to  England,  the  Baptists,  it  is  said,  fled  to  Long 
Island  to  avoid  persecution,  and  for  the  same  reason, 
in  1644,  they  removed  to  the  neighborhood  of  the 


present  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  and  called  their 
new  home  Piscataway,  after  the  original  name  of 
Dover.  It  is  not  certain  that  these  Baptists  were 
regularly  organized  into  a  Baptist  church  in  Dover. 

The  first  church  of  our  faith  in  New  Hampshire, 
of  whose  regular  formation  there  are  no  doubts,  was 
founded  at  Newton  in  1755.  In  1770  it  is  supposed 
that  there  were  but  three  Baptist  cluirchcs  in  New 
Hampshire, — Newton,  Madbury,  and  Weare. 

In  1770,  Rev.  Dr.  Hezekiah  Smith,  an  able  and 
devoted  minister,  settled  in  Massachusetts,  preached 
extensively  in  New  llanipshiro,  and  great  blessings 
attended  his  ministrations.  lie  liaptized  the  Rev. 
Eiiphalet  Smith,  a  Congregational  clergyman,  and 
thirteen  others,  who  the  same  day  were  formed  into 
a  Baptist  church  at  Deerfield.  Two  days  after 
Mr.  Smith  baptized  seven  persons,  among  whom 
was  Dr.  Samuel  Shepard,  who  became  one  of  the 
most  active  and  useful  ministers  that  ever  labored 
in  New  Hampshire.  He  was  afterwards,  till  death, 
the  pastor  of  a  church  gathered  in  Brentwood,  in 
1771,  with  branches  at  one  time  in  more  than  twelve 
different  towns,  and  a  membership  of  neaidy  1000. 
During  this  year  churches  were  formed  in  Rich- 
mond, Hinsdale,  and  Chesterfield.  In  1780,  Dr. 
Shepard  baptized  44  persons  at  Meredith,  and  consti- 
tuted them  into  a  church.  Drs.  Hezekiah  Smith  and 
Samuel  Shepard  were  apostles  in  New  Hampshire, 
whose  labors  enjoyed  a  remarkable  measure  of  the 
divine  favor.  There  were  other  early  preachers 
and  churches  in  New  Hampshire  worthy  of  our  de- 
nominational name ;  and  upon  them  and  their 
brethren  the  Spirit  of  God  fell,  and  converts  were 
gathered  and  churches  formed  in  all  directions, 
until  to-day  we  have  7  Associations,  86  churches, 
ministers,  settled  and  without  charge,  103.  The 
number  of  members  is  9210.  In  the  department 
of  Sunday-schools  we  find  that  there  are  72  schools, 
with  814  teachers  and  9319  scholars. 

In  education  the  Baptists  of  New  Hampshire 
have  taken  an  active  interest.  In  1826  they  founded 
the  ''  New  Hampton  Literary  and  Theological  In- 
stitution," at  New  Hampton.  Dr.  B.  F.  Farns- 
wortli  was  its  first  principal  and  Professor  of  The- 
ology. Dr.  E.  B.  Smith  succeeded  him  in  1833, 
and  retained  his  position  until  1861.  In  1838,  Dr. 
J.  Newton  Brown  was  made  Associate  Professor 
of  Theology,  and  discharged  the  duties  of  the  office 
until  1845,  when  Dr.  James  Upham  was  appointed 
to  the  professorship.  At  the  death  of  Dr.  Smith. 
Dr.  Upham  became  president  of  the  institution,  and 
retained  the  position  until  1866.  Owing  to  inade- 
quate financial  support  the  seminary  was  removed 
to  Fairfax,  Vt.,  in  1853.  This  institution  gave  in- 
struction in  the  higher  branches  of  a  general  edu- 
cation, and  prepared  young  men  for  the  ministry ; 
and  it  had  in  connection  with  it  an  academy  of  a 
high  order  for  young  women.     In  its  two  locations 


NEW  JERSEY 


836 


NEW  JERSEY 


it  had  about  200  theological  students,  most  of 
whom  became  very  useful  in  the  pastorate  and  in 
other  departments  of  Christian  work.  Few  semi- 
naries with  its  means  have  rendered  such  impor- 
tant service. 

After  the  removal  of  the  New  Hampton  Institu- 
tion to  Vermont  in  1853,  the  Baptists  of  New 
Hampshire  took  immediate  steps  to  establish  an 
academy  at  New  London,  which  was  opened  in 
1853  ;  it  now  bears  the  name  of  Colby  Academy. 
(See  article  on  Colby  Academy.)  The  report  of 
the  benevolent  operations  for  the  ye.ar  covered  by 
the  statistics  here  given  is,  for  the  Missionary  Union 
$1848.11  ;  for  the  Woman's  Foreign  Mission  So- 
ciety, -11074.06;  home  missions,  $863.26 ;  for  the 
Convention,  $2581.19  ;  for  home  objects,  $82,114.04. 
The  total  for  all  purposes,  $92,254.03. 

The  State  Convention  was  founded  in  1826.  It 
has  accomplished  great  results  in  New  Hampshire, 
and  its  affairs  have  been  managed  with  much  ability. 
In  1880  it  aided  seventeen  churches  and  two  mis- 
sions, which  have  become  churches.  Its  officers 
were  Rev.  W.  V.  Garner,  President ;  Rev.  AV.  Hur- 
lin.  Secretary ;  A.  J.  Prescott,  Treasurer.  While 
in  New  Hampshire  very  many  of  the  churches  suffer 
constant  diminution  by  emigration,  a  review  of  the 
last  half-century  presents  many  facts,  showing  how 
the  denomination  has  grown  in  that  State.  Fifty 
years  ago  there  were  in  New  Hampshii-e  seventy 
churches  and  forty-one  ministers.  The  greater  part 
of  these  churches  were  poor,  and  pastors  that  were 
settled  received  but  a  scanty  support.  Moreover, 
there  was  more  or  less  -direct  oppression  which 
Baptists  were  compelled  to  endure  from  the  "  stand- 
ing order."  They  were  the  "  sect  everywhere 
spoken  against."  But  a  most  happy  change  has 
taken  place  in  all  these  respects.  The  statistics 
given  above  will  show  the  present  situation  of  the 
denomination.  Baptists,  have  places  of  worship 
which  will  compare  favorably  with  those  of  any 
other  denomination.  They  are  firmly  planted  in 
all  the  prominent  cities  and  villages  of  the  State. 
In  the  valley  of  the  Merrimack  they  were  but  little 
known  fifty  years  ago;  "Now  the  churches  which 
occupy  that  valley,"  says  Dr.  E.  E.  Cummings,  in 
his  "  Ministry  of  Fifty  Years,"  "  are  the  pride  and 
strength  of  the  denomination  throughout  the  State." 
There  is  every  reason  to  expect  that  continued 
prosperity  will  attend  the  churches  in  the  future 
as  it  has  in  the  past,  and  that  the  sentiments  and 
practices  of  the  Baptists  will  continue  to  have 
strong  hold  on  the  intelligent  convictions  of  no 
small  part  of  the  community. 

New  Jersey,  The   Baptists   of.— A  goodly 

number  of  those  who  came  to  the  early  settle- 
ments in  the  New  England  colonies  held  our  views 
of  Bible  doctrine.  Tiiey  found  on  their  arrival 
that  freedom  of  conscience  was  only  for  Puritans. 


Persecutions  led  them  to  desire  a  better  country, 
and  they  warned  their  friends  in  Europe  to  steer 
for  another  destination.  When  Lord  Berkeley  and 
Sir  George  Carteret  obtained  possession  of  "Nova 
Cesarea,"  or  New  Jersey,  about  1664,  tliey  formed 
a  "  Bill  of  Rights,"  by  which  "  liberty  of  conscience 
to  all  religious  sects  who  shall  behave  well"  was 
guaranteed.  Speedy  immigration  followed.  The 
Baptists  of  New  Jersey,  except  a  church  or  two  in 
the  northern  hill-country,  which  sprang  out  of  the 
religious  reconstruction  following  the  revivals 
under  Edwards  and  the  men  of  his  time,  came 
from  the  old  country  seed.  While  there  may  have 
been  ■  isolated  Baptist  settlers  elsewhere,  the  first 
companies  of  baptized  believers  located  at  Middle- 
town,  near  the  entrance  of  New  York  harbor,  at 
the  territory  on  the  lower  Delaware,  and  at  "  Pis- 
cataqua,"  on  the  Raritan  River. 

The  churches  at  Middletown,  "  Piscataqua," 
"  Cohansick,"  and  Cape  May  are  called  original 
because  they  are  the  mothers  of  the  other  organ- 
izations. 

MIDDLETOWN, 

in  order  of  time,  stands  first.  The  date  assigned  it 
is  1688,  but  there  are  good  reasons  for  believing  that 
it  originated  earlier.  In  1648  one  Richard  Stout 
and  five  others  appear  to  have  settled  in  Middle- 
town.  The  Indian  title  was  purchased  previous  to 
the  patent  from  "  Nicolles,"  about  1667.  This  title 
is  said  to  have  been  made  to  thirty-six  men,  of 
whom  eighteen  were  Baptists.  They  seem  to  have 
come  from  the  west  end  of  Long  Island,  and  there 
is  a  strong  probability  that  some  of  them  were  con- 
nected with  the  people  who  were  dealt  with  in 
Massachusetts  for  Baptist  sentiments  about  1642, 
and  took  refuge  at  GrSvesend,  Long  Island.  Tra- 
dition states  that  they  consorted  for  mutual  edifi- 
cation, but  there  is  no  church  record  previous  to 
1688,  when  they  "  settled  themselves  into  a  church 
state,"  after  consultation  with  the  brethren  at 
"Pennepek,"  Pa.,  who  had  just  taken  that  course. 
There  were  several  gifted  brethren  among  them, 
of  whom  John  Brown,  James  Ashton,  and  George 
Eaglesfield  are  mentioned. 

Thomas  Killingsworth  was  at  the  constitution 
of  the  church,  but  there  is  no  evidence  that  he  be- 
came its  pastor.  Obadiah  Holmes,  who  was  whipped 
at  Boston,  Mass.,  for  his  Baptist  sentiments,  was  one 
of  the  patentees  of  Monmouth  County,  but  it  is  not 
known  that  he  ever  resided  here,  though  his  son 
Jonathan  did,  and  in  1668  was  a  member  of  As- 
sembly. 

Very  little  is  known  of  the  church  during  the 
first  generation  of  its  existence,  except  that  an  un- 
happy division  occurred,  which  resulted  (in  1711) 
in  each  party  excommunicating  the  other,  and  the 
silencing  of  two  of  their  gifted  preachers, — John 
Bray  and  John  Okison.     They  agreed  to  call  a 


NEW  JERSEY 


837 


NEW  JERSEY 


council  of  neigiiborini;  churches,  wliicl)  met  May 
25,  1711.  The  luiiiisters  who  convened  were 
Messrs.  Timothy  Brooks,  of  Cohanscy  ;  Abel  Mor- 
ijan  and  Joseph  Wood,  of  Pennepek ;  Elisha 
Thomas,  of  Welsh  Tract,  and  six  elders.  The 
office  of  elder,  in  distinction  from  pastor,  is  re- 
ferred to  frequently  as  existing  among  the  old 
ciiurches  in  tlic  State.  It  may  be  interesting  to 
read  the  finding  of  this  first  council  pi'obably  in 
New  Jersey,  convened  in  a  case  of  church  diffi- 
culty. Advice  was  given  (1)  "to  bury  their  pro- 
ceedings in  oblivion  and  erase  the  record  of  them." 
This  was  done,  and  four  leaves  are  torn  out  of  the 
church  book.  (2)  "  To  continue  the  silence  im- 
posed on  the  two  brethren  the  preceding  year." 
(3)  "  To  sign  a  covenant  relative  to  their  future 
conduct."  Forty-two  signed  this,  and  twenty-six 
did  not.  though  many  of  them  came  in  afterwards. 
The  first  forty-two  were  declared  to  be  the  church 
to  be  owned  by  sister  churches.  Another  direction 
of  the  council  was,  "  That  the  members  should  keep 
their  places  and  not  wander  to  other  societies." 
Peace  and  prosperity  followed,  and  the  gospel  soon 
spread  over  a  wide  territory. 

PISCATAAVAY. 

A  large  tract  on  the  cast  side  of  the  "  Rarinton" 
was  bought  of  the  Indians  in  1663.  Among  the 
first  settlers  were  people  from  Piscataqua  (now 
Dover,  N.  11.,  then  in  the  province  of  Maine).  It 
is  claimed  that  of  these  early  settlers  at  least  six 
were  Baptists.  (Ilanserd  Knollys  preached  Bap- 
tist sentiments  in  Piscataqua,  N.  II.,  as  early  as 
1638.)  These  six  were  constituted  into  a  gospel 
church  by  Rev.  Thomas  Killingsworth  in  1689. 

Three  of  the  constituents — -John  Drake,  Hugh 
Dunn,  and  Edmund  Dunham — were  lay  preach- 
ers. Mr.  Drake  was  ordained  pastor  at  the  con- 
stitution of  the  church,  and  continued  until  his 
death,  fifty  years  afterwards.  His  descendants  are 
numerous  and  influential. 

The  first  meeting-house,  by  order  of  the  town- 
meeting,  was  "built  forthwith  as  followeth  :  di- 
mensions, twenty  foot  wide,  thirty  foot  long,  and 
ten  foot  between  joints." 

COHANSEY. 

In  1683  a  company  of  immigrants,  members  of 
Cloughkctin  church,  in  the  County  of  Tipperary, 
Ireland,  landed  at  Perth  Amboy,  and  traveled 
across  the  country  to  the  "  Cohansick"  Creek.  In 
1685,  Obadiah  Holmes  (son  of  Obadiah  who  was 
persecuted)  arrived  from  Rhode  Island.  His  in- 
fluence was  soon  felt.  lie  became  judge  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas  for  Salem  County,  and 
preached  acceptably,  though  he  was  never  or- 
dained. In  1688,  Rev.  Elias  Keach,  of  Pennepek, 
administered  baptism  to  three   persons.     Thomas 


Killingsworth  having  moved  into  the  vicinity, 
united  with  the  nine  males  in  constituting  the 
church,  and  he  became  the  first  pastor,  continuing 
nearly  nineteen  years,  until  his  death.  He  was 
appointed  judge  of  the  court,  and  served  honor- 
ably, while  he  preached  faithfully  and  success- 
fully. He  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Timothy  Brooks, 
who  died  after  serving  the  church  six  years,  and 
his  successor,  a  young  man  of  much  promise, 
passed  away  after  a  two  years'  pastorate. 

The  church  records  for  the  first  hundred  years 
were  burned,  but  Mr.  Kelsay,  a  subsequent  pas- 
tor, preserved  some  minutes,  among  them  the  fol- 
lowing: 

"In  1710,  Timothy  Brooks,  with  his  company, 
united  with  the  church.  They  had  come  from 
Swanzey,  in  Plymouth  government,  about  1687, 
and  ha<l  kept  a  separate  society  for  twenty-tliree 
years,  on  account  of  difierenee  in  opinion  relative 
to  predestination,  singing  of  Psalms,  laying  on  of 
hands,  etc. ;  the  terms  of  union  were  bearance  and 
forbearance." 

Mr.  Kelsay  says  that  Mr.  "  Brooks  was  a  useful 
preacher,  of  a  sweet  and  loving  temper,  and  always 
open  to  conviction." 

CAPE   MAY. 

Among  some  who  came  over  in  1675  were  two 
Baptists, — George  Taylor  and  Philip  Hill.  Taylor 
held  Bible  readings  and  expositions  at  his  own 
house.  After  his  death,  in  1702,  Mr.  Hill  con- 
tinued the  meeting.  Mr.  Keach  visited  the  place, 
and  prctached  as  early  as  1688,  and  others  labored 
with  success.  Most  of  the  converts  went  to  Phila- 
delphia for  baptism.  In  1712,  by  advice  of  the 
pastor  and  two  deacons  of  Cohansey,  thirty-seven 
persons  constituted  themselves  into  a  church,  under 
the  pastorate  of  Nathaniel  -Jenkins,  one  of  their 
own  numljer. 

Before  1707  there  was  no  Association  in  Amer- 
ica. We  find,  however,  an  institution  called  a 
yearly  meeting,  which  fostered  communication. 
From  one  end  of  Jersey  to  the  other  pastors  and 
devoted  brethren  went  by  Indian  trails  and  rough 
roads  to  these  immense  gatherings.  There  are 
traditions  concerning  these  fraternal  "  great  meet- 
ings" that  are  full  of  tender,  touching  memories. 

When,  at  the  suggestion  of  the  Pennepek  church, 
the  Philadelphia  Association  was  formed,  in  1707, 
three  of  its  first  churches  were  in  New  -Jersey,  viz., 
Middletown,  Piscataway,  and  Cohansey.  There 
are  no  extended  early  records  of  the  Association, 
but  the  usual  heading  of  the  earliest  is  "  The 
Elders  and  Messengers  of  the  Baptized  Congrega- 
tions in  Pennsylvania  and  the  Jerseys." 

The  Associational  fellowship  led  to  greater  in- 
terest among  the  ministers  and  churches,  an  in- 
crease of  doctrinal  strength,  and  a  spreading  of 


NEW  JERSEY 


838 


NEWMAN 


Bible  sentiments,  which  took  deep  root,  and  in  the 
succeeding  half-century  brought  forth  abundantly. 

The  New  Jersey  Baptists  have  had  in  tlieir  ranks 
some  of  the  strongest  men  among  the  early  Baptists 
of  this  country,  and  among  them  have  arisen  breth- 
ren to  whom  the  whole  denomination  is  indebted. 
Oliver  Hart  performed  a  work  of  the  highest  im- 
portance in  South  Carolina ;  James  Manning,  the 
first  president  of  Rhode  Island  College,  laid  all 
Baptists  under  lasting  obligations  to  himself  for 
his  services  to  general  and  ministerial  education ; 
Abel  Morgan  was  a  man  of  learning,  and  of  im- 
mense influence  for  good  over  the  Middle  States ; 
Hezekiah  Smith,  of  Hopewell,  N.  J.,  was  settled  in 
Haverhill,  Mass.,  and  was  blessed  with  great  suc- 
cess in  winning  souls  to  Christ :  John  Gano,  the 
most  eloquent  preacher  among  the  Baptists  of  his 
day,  and  a  man  greatly  honored  of  Gcod  in  extend- 
ing his  kingdom,  was  a  native  of  New  Jersey  ;  our 
first  institution  of  learning  was  located  in  New  Jer- 
sey, and  worthily  conducted  by  Isaac  Eaton,  at 
Hopewell.  Quite  a  number  of  distinguished  men 
have  been  identified  with  the  Baptists  of  New  Jer- 
sey. 

For  a  long  period  the  New  Jersey  churches  be- 
longed to  the  Philadelphia  Association.  Their 
representatives  in  that  body  exerted  such  an  influ- 
ence that  they  had  no  desire  to  sunder  the  ties  that 
united  them  to  it  until  their  great  growth  compelled 
them.  - 

Their  fii'st  Association  was  formed  in  1811  ;  it 
consisted  of  fourteen  churches,  and  was  called  the 
New  Jersey  Association.  The  Central  New  Jersey 
Association  was  formed  in  October,  1828,  by  the 
representatives  of  seven  churches.  The  Sussex 
Association  was  formed  in  1833,  by  four  churches. 
The  Delaware  River  Association  was  constituted  in 
1835,  by  Old-School,  or  Anti-Missionary  Baptists  ; 
its  members  were  less  thap  five  hundred  when  the 
Association  was  organized,  and  they  have  not  in- 
creased since  that  time.  The  East  New  Jersey 
Association  was  established  in  N'ovember,  1842,  by 
fourteen  churches.  There  are  at  present  in  New 
Jersey  the  following  five  Associations:  the  Cen- 
tral, East,  North,  Trenton,  and  West,  representing 
178  churclies,  with  31,936  members. 

From  their  early  history  the  Baptists  of  New 
Jersey  have  been  the  intelligent  and  generous 
friends  of  education,  and  at  present  they  have  two 
seminaries  of  a  high  order,  with  spacious  and  beau- 
tiful buildings,  known  as  Peddie  Institute  and  South 
Jersey  Institute,  the  former  with  10  instructors.  125 
students  of  both  sexes,  property  worth  §125,000, 
and  an  endowment  of  SIOOO ;  the  latter  with  10 
instructors,  150  students,  and  a  property  moder- 
ately estimated  at  $75,000.  These  institutions  are 
owned  by  the  denomination  in  New  Jersey.  In 
addition  to  the  money  invested  in  Peddie  and  South 


Jersey  Institutes,  the  New  Jersey  Baptists  gave 

liberally  to  Hamilton  and  Lewisburg. 

New  Jersey  Baptist  Education  Society  is 

forty-two  years  old.  It  has  aided  many  students 
who  are  doing  successful  work  in  the  ministry. 
Its  officers  for  1880  are :  President,  H.  J;  Mulford: 
ViccTPresidents,  R.  F.  Young,  W.  H.  Parmly  :  Sec- 
retary, 0.  P.  Eaches  ;  Treasurer,  W.  V.  Wilson. 
Income,  $1922.65. 

New  Jersey  Baptist  State  ConventioE  was 

organized  in  1830.  There  were  then  55  churched 
in  the  State,  with  a  membership  of  4164. 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  CONVENTION   FROM  ITS  OR- 
GANIZATION  TO   THE   PRESENT   TIME. 

Presidents.— Daniel  Dodge,-  1830  to  1839 ;  G.  S. 
Webb,  1839  to  1843  ;  C.  W.  Mulford,*  1843  to  1849; 
S.  J.  Drake,*  1849  to  1853 ;  D.  B.  Stout,*  1853  to 
1854 ;  C.  E.  AVilson,*  1854  to  1855  :  D.  M.  Wilson,* 
1855  to  1873  ;  James  Buchanan,  1873  to . 

Vice-Presidents. — Joseph  Maylin,*  1830  to  1834; 
Henry  Smalley,*  1830  to  1834 ;  G.  S.  Webb,  1834 

to  r839,  1849  to ;  J.  M.  Challiss,*  1847  to  1848, 

1849  to  1868 ;  John  Rogers,*  1839  to  1848 ;  J.  C. 
Harrison,*  1839  to  1844;  J.  E.  Welch,*  1844  to 
1847  ;  D.  B.  Stout,*  1868  to  1875  ;  J.  M.  Carpenter, 
1875  to . 

Secretaries.— M.  J.  Rhees,*  1830  to  1840 ;  C.  W. 
Mulford,*  1840  to  1843:  S.  J.  Drake,*  1843  to 
1848;  J.  M.  Carpenter,  1848  to  1865 ;  H.  F.  Smith, 
1865  to  1879 ;  T.  E.  Vassar,  1879.  to . 

Freasure7-s.—'P.  P.  Runyon,*  1830  to  1871:  S. 
Van  Wickle,  1871  to  1879:  A.  Suydam,  1879 
to -. 

Income  in  1880  was  84429.55. 

Within  the  last  fifty  years  about  54,000  hopeful 
convei'ts  have  been  added  to  our  churches  by  bap- 
tism. Our  present  membership  is  31,936.  Fifty 
years  ago  we  had  but  2  churches,  with  a  member- 
ship of  only  200  each.  Now  we  have  1  with  over 
1100,  1  with  1000,  1  with  800,  1  with  600,  5  with 
500,  8  with  400,  14  with  300.  24  with  200,  and  53 
with  over  100  each. 

New  Jersey  Baptist  Sunday-School  TJnion  is 

only  nine  3-ears  old,  Init  in  gathering  statistics  of 
the  work,  awakening  interest,  organizing  mission 
schools,  as  well  as  in  helping  the  weak,  it  has  en- 
tered upon  a  field  of  groat  usefulness. 

Newman,  Prof.  Albert  Henry,  was  born  in 

Edgefield.  S.  C,  Aug.  25,  1852 ;  entered  the  Thom- 
son, Ga.,  high  school,  then  in  charge  of  Rev.  E.  A. 
Steed,  now  a  professor  in  Mercer  University,  by 
whom  he  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the 
Thomson  Baptist  church  in  1868. 

Called  to  the  Christian  ministry,  and  encouraged 
by  brethren  of  wisdom  and  piety,  he  took  a  place 
in  the  Junior  class  in  Mercer  University  in  1869. 
*  Deceased. 


NEWMAN 


839 


NEWMAN 


Here  ho  was  specially  indebted  to  Prof.  II.  II. 
Tucker,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  for  his  inspiring  instruction 
in  metaphysics  and  logic,  and  to  Prof.  J.  J.  Brantly, 
D.D.,  who,  at  great  personal  cost,  gave  him  private 


PROF.   ALRF.RT    HENRY    NEWMAN. 

instruction  for  a  year  and  a  half  in  the  German 
language.  He  entered  the  Rochester  Theological 
Seminary  in  1872;  in  it  his  favorite  studies  were 
Biblical  interpretation,  under  the  direction  of  the 
learned  Dr.  Hackett,  and  systematic  theology,  under 
President  A.  H.  Strong,  D.l).  He  spent  a  year  at 
Greenville,  S.  C,  at  the  Southern  Baptist  Theologi- 
cal Seminary,  1875-76,  studying  Hebrew,  Chaldee, 
Syriac,  and  Arabic,  under  Dr.  Toy.  He  also  was 
greatly  aided  in  Greenville  by  the  lectures  of  Dr. 
Broadus  on  the  New  Testament,  the  Septuagint, 
Josephus.  and  the  early  Greek  fathers.  In  1880, 
Prof.  Newman  was  elected  "  Pettengill  Professor 
of  Church  History"  in  the  Rochester  Theological 
Seminary,  after  he  had  served  as  temporary  in- 
structor in,  and  acting  professor  of.  Church  History 
in  the  same  institution. 

Prof  Newman,  while  a  careful  student  of  general 
church  history,  is  devoting  himself  specially' to  the 
records  of  the  Baptists  and  related  bodies.  Prof. 
Newman  not  long  since  was  offered  the  professor- 
ship of  Hebrew  in  one  of  our  institutions.  His  at- 
tainments are  remarkable ;  his  pen  is  in  demand 
in  various  parts  of  the  country  as  contributor  to 
works  on  theology  and  church  history.  The  high- 
est estimate  is  placed  upon  his  acquisitions  and 
talents  by  competent  judges  who  are  familiar  with 
his  worth.     Before  him,  if  his  life  is  spared,  there 


is  undoubtedly  a  bright  future.  He  has  recently 
accepted  a  professorship  in  the  Toronto  Theological 
Seminary. 

Newman,  Judge  Thomas  W.,  vvas  bom   in 

Somerset  ('o.,  JNId.,  Jan.  23,  1829.  He  pursued  his 
studies  in  Washington  Academy,  Princess  Anne, 
Somerset  Co.,  Md.,  until  he  removed  to  Baltimore, 
and  there  studied  law  under  Levin  Gale,  Esq.,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1850,  after  which  he  at 
once  removed  to  the  West,  and  established  himself 
in  his  profession  the  same  year  at  Burlington,  Iowa, 
where  he  still  resides.  In  18.05  he  was  elected 
county  judge  of  Des  Moines  Countj^  for  two  years. 
When  the  civil  war  broke  out  he  warmly  embraced 
the  Union  cause,  and  was  appointed  by  President 
Lincoln  captain  in  the  11th  Regiment  of  the  reg- 
ular army,  and  commissioned  Aug.  1,  1861.  He 
served  until  the  spring  of  186.3,  when,  on  account 
of  impaired  health,  he  resigned  his  commission  and 
returned  home,  and,  after  six  months  spent  in  re- 
cuperation and  rest,  he  again  entered  upon  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  From  1855  to  1857  he 
was  a  director  of  the  Burlington  and  Missouri 
River  Railroad,  and  aided  by  an  active  canvass 
over  the  entire  line,  by  speeches  and  otherwise,  in 
raising  means  for  its  construction.  He  was  ap- 
pointed district  judge  of  the  first  judicial  district 
of  Iowa,  in  1874,  to  fill  a  vacancy.     At  the  October 


JUDGE    THOMAS    W.    NEWMAN. 

election  of  the  same  year  he  was  chosen  for  the 
unexpired  term  of  Jan.  1,  1875,  and  for  a  full  term 
of  four  years,  to  Jan.  1,  1879,  which  office  he  filled 
with    credit,  and   at  the   end  of  the  term,  though 


NEW  ORLEANS 


840 


NEWPORT 


strongly  urged  to  continue,  declined  on  account  of 
the  inadequate  salary.  As  a  judge  he  was  noted 
for  kindness  of  heart,  urbanity  of  manner,  legal 
acumen,  and  loyalty  to  justice.  '•  He  has  been  an- 
active  director  in  the  Merchants'  National  Bank  of 
Burlington  since  its  organization,  and  for  some 
years  past  its  attorney.  He  became  a  Baptist  the 
first  year  of  his  manhood,  in  1850,  and  has  ever 
since  been  closely  and  warmly  identified  with  the 
interest  of  the  church  and  denomination.  He  was 
president  of  the  State  Convention  for  some  years. 
He  has  been  a  trustee  in  the  Burlington  Collegiate 
Institute  since  its  organization,  in  1852,  and  has 
filled  the  office  of  secretary  or  treasurer  of  said 
institution  all  the  time  except  when  in  the  army. 

New  Orleans  Baptist  Chronicle  was  published 

at  New  Orleans,  La.,  by  L.  Alex.  Duncan  from 
1852  to  1855.  Dr.  Duncan,  having  recovered  his 
health,  was  the  principal  editor.  It  was  in  quarto 
form  and  published  weekly.  Although  it  had  a 
considerable  circulation  in  tlie  Southwest,  it  yielded 
so  little  profit  to  the  publishers  that  its  publication 
was  discontinued. 

Newport,  R.  I.,  The  First  Church  of,  had  its 

rise  in  the  very  beginnings  of  New  England  colo- 
nial history.  The  exact  date  of  its  origin,  how- 
ever, is  not  definitely  known.  Those  who  have 
studied  the  subject  the  most  carefully  have  reached 
the  conclusion  that  the  probable  date  is  early  in 
1638.  As  this  differs  from  the  traditional  one 
(1644),  it  may  be  pertinent  to  give  some  of  the 
reasons  on  which  this  conclusion  rests.  (1)  From 
the  outset  the  people  statedly  assembled  for  public 
worship,  but  it  is  uncertain  whether  for  this  pur- 
pose they  gathered  in  several  congregations,  or,  as 
is  more  probable,  they  all  met  in  one.  (2)  There 
was  certainly  a  church  on  the  island  in  1638.  Its 
members  were  drawn  from  various  sources.  Some 
had  been  connected  witlj  a  Congregational  church 
in  Boston.  It  is,  however,  well  known  that  the 
church  formed  here  disclaimed  any  ecclesiastical 
fellowship  with  that  church.  It  was  of  a  difiFerent 
order.  And  if  it  was  the  only  church  on  the  island, 
it  is  certain  that  there  were  Baptists  among  the 
members,  and  that  they  had  a  Baptist  for  their  min- 
ister. (3)  Of  the  church  thus  formed  Mr.  Clarke 
was  the  pastor  or  teaching  elder.  Gov.  Winthrop, 
writing  in  1638,  speaks  of  him  as  "preacher  to 
those  of  the  island."  In  1640,  Mr.  Lechford  writes, 
"  On  the  island  there  is  a  church  where  one  Mas- 
ter Clarke  is  pastor."  Describing  the  controversy 
which  arose  shortly  after  the  foregoing  sentence  was 
penned,  Mr.  Hubbard  says  "  their  minister.  Mr. 
Clarke,  .  .  .  dissented  and  publicly  opposed."  (  4) 
The  pastor,  Mr.  Clarke,  was  undoubtedly  a  Baptist 
before  leaving  England,  and  as  a  Baptist  refugee 
came  to  this  country,  (a)  He  is  known  to  have 
held,  and  on  his  arrival,  one  distinctively  Baptist 


tenet,  viz.,  that  of  religious  liberty  ;  a  tenet  as  dis- 
tinctively Baptist  at  the  time  as  is  a  converted 
church  membership  to-day.  [b)  In  the  discussion 
which  arose  in  1640-41,  he  contended  for  another 
Baptist  tenet,  viz.,  the  sufficiency  of  Scripture  as  a 
rule  of  religious  faith  and  practice.  («)  We  have 
no  record  of  any  change  in  his  religious  views 
after  his  arrival  in  this  country,  as  we  should  in 
all  probability  have  had  if  any  such  change  had 
taken  place,  [d]  Just  as  soon  as  he  touched  shore 
at  Boston  he  was  ready  for  the  sake  of  his  prirfci- 
ples  to  remove  into  the  wilderness,  (e)  He  was 
not  caught  in  a  current  which  was  already  setting 
towards  a  new  settlement ;  the  proposition  came 
from  himself.  (5)  Those  who  during  this  early 
period  became  Baptists  in  the  neighboring  colony 
of  INIassachusetts  gravitated  naturally  to  Newport, 
and  there  sought  a  church  home.  (6)  Mr.  Comer, 
who  has  given  us  the  traditional  date  of  1644, — a 
mere  conjecture  of  his, — and  whom  almost  all  sub- 
sequent authors  have  followed,  although  painstak- 
ing and  accurate  as  a  writer,  had  not  access  to  all 
the  sources  of  knowledge  since  put  within  our 
reach.  (7)  Finally,  Mr.  Backus,  who  made  later 
researches  and  with  better  facilities,  inclined  to  the 
opinion  that  an  earlier  date  was  the  probable  one. 

The  history  of  the  church  may  be  considered  as 
falling  into  five  periods.  (I.  1638-1682.)  The  first 
pastor,  John  Clarke,  born  in  Suffolk,  England,  Oct. 
8,  1609,  and  educated  at  one  of  the  ancient  univer- 
sities, arrived  at  Boston,  November,  1637,  near  the 
close  of  the  famous  Antinoraian  controversy.  Be- 
cause his  opinions  were  obnoxious  to  the  magis- 
trates he  proposed  to  a  number  of  kindred  spirits 
to  withdraw  and  plant  a  new  colony,  which  they 
did  the  following  March,  on  the  island  of  Rhode 
Island.  He  at  once  assumed  the  functions  of  a 
minister,  conducting  the  public  religious  worship 
of  the  inhabitants.  The  sense  of  freedom  which 
the  settlers  enjoyed  led  souje  of  them  into  theolog- 
ical vagaries.  They  broke  not  only  from  the  au- 
thority of  the  church,  but  from  the  authority  also 
of  the  Scriptures.  They  claimed  to  be  led  by  an 
"inner  light."  They  were  ably  controverted  by 
"  their  minister,  Mr.  Clarke,"  who  was  strongly 
seconded  by  Mr.  Lenthall,  Mr.  Harding,  and  others. 
Tlie  Baptists  maintained  the  binding  authority  of 
the  Bible  and  the  existence  upon  earth  of  a  visible 
church  with  visible  ordinances.  This  controversy 
gave  rise  to  the  "  Seekers,"  many  of  whom  after- 
wards became  "  Quakers." 

A  visit  paid  to  William  Witter,  a  member  of  the 
church,  during  the  summer  of  1651,  by  delegates 
appointed  by  the  church,  may  be  noticed,  since  it 
has  been  rendered  memorable  both  on  account  of 
the  treatment  received  from  the  Massachusetts  au- 
thorities and  of  the  results  that  followed.  The 
truths  presented  by  these  confessors — John  Clarke, 


NEWPORT 


841 


NEWPORT 


01)iuliali  IIoliiios,  nnd  John  Ci-aiidall — led  to  a  se- 
rious examination  ;  "divers,''  as  Ohadiah  Holmes 
said,  "  were  put  upoa  a  way  of  inquiry."  It  is 
interesting  to  know  that  among  the  number  of 
these  was  the  scholarly  Henry  Dunster,  then  pres- 
ident of  Harvard  (Jollege,  who  beoaine  convinced 
of  the  unscripturalness  of  infant  baptism.  These 
events  were  preparing  the  way  for  the  formation 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Boston,  with  which 
this  ciiurch  for  several  years  held  correspondence. 

In  the  year  1G52,  the  year  after  Mr.  Clarke  went 
to  England  as  agent  for  the  colony,  the  question 
of  "laying  hands  on"  all  baptized  believers  began 
to  be  discussed  in  the  church,  and  four  years  later, 
in  1050,  several  members  withdrew  and  formed  a 
church  of  the  "  Six  Principle"  order.  The  year 
after  IVIr.  Clarke's  return  from  England,  namely,  in 
1GG5,  the  Sabbath  question  was  agitated  in  the 
church,  and  a  few  members  supposing  they  were 
thus  following  still  more  closely  the  teachings  of 
the  Spirit  in  his  Word,  began  to  observe  the  sev- 
enth day,  and  in  1671  a  small  number  drew  off  and 
formed  a  Sabbatarian  church.  On  the  20th  of  April, 
1670,  Mr.  Clarke  died,  after  a  laborious  life  devoted 
to  an  e.\ tension  of  the  Redeemer's  kingdom,  and 
having  from  its  very  beginning  served  the  colony 
with  almost  unexampled  fidelity  and  distinguished 
success. 

lie  was  succeeded  by  Obadiah  Holmes,  who,  born 
in  Preston,  England,  in  1606,  and  educated  at  Ox- 
lord  University,  came  to  this  country  in  1629  and 
united  with  a  Congregational  church  in  Salem, 
Mass.,  and  ten  years  later,  in  Rehoboth,  was  bap- 
tized by  Mr.  Clarke,  and  with  several  others  formed 
a  Baptist  church.  Removing  to  Newport,  he  united, 
late  in  1650  or  early  in  1651,  with  this  church.  He 
was  one  of  the  delegates  to  Lynn  in  1651,  where  he 
severely  suffered  for  the  sake  of  his  faith.  He  as- 
sisted in  ministering  to  the  church  during  Jlr. 
Clarke's  prolonged  aJjsence  in  England,  and  finally 
succeeded  to  the  pastoral  office,  in  which  he  contin- 
ued till  his  death,  which  occurred  October  15,  16S2. 

Singing  in  public  worship  was  from  the  begin- 
ning approved  and  practised.  Four  members  were 
disfellowshiped  in  1673  for  denying  the  deity  of 
Christ.  The  doctrinal  position  of  the  church  was 
strongly  Calvinistic.  Both  pastors,  Clarke  and 
Holmes,  left  on  record  confessions  of  thei'-  <'aith. 
The  distinction  which  appeared  in  England  dividing 
the  Baptists  into  two  bodies,  described  as  "Par- 
ticular" and  "General,"  obtained  likewise  in  this 
country.  ■  This  was  from  its  organization  a  "  Par- 
ticular'' or  "  Calvinistic"  church,  and  has  continued 
so  ever  since.  It  was  in  early  correspondence  with 
the  Particular  Baptists  of  London,  and  with  the 
churches  of  Swanzey  and  Bciston.  It  made  efTorts 
to  disseminate  Baptist  principles  both  at  home  and 
throughout  the  neighborinff  colonies.  The  church 
54 


was  furnished  with  a  board  of  elders ;  among  the 
earliest  were  Joseph  Torrcy,  Obadiah  Holmes, 
Mark  Lucar,  and  John  Crumlall,  the  first  of'whom 
held  many  offices  of  trust  in  the  colony.  Tiie  first 
deacon  was  William  Weeden,  who  died  in  1670  ; 
the  second  was  Philip  Smith.  It  should  be  men- 
tioned, further,  that  Robert  Lenthall  attempted  in 
lO.'iS  to  form  a  Baptist  church  in  Weymouth.  Mass.  -, 
that  Thomas  Painter  had  been  publicly  whi[)ped  in 
Hingham,  Mass.,  for  refusing  to  carry  his  cliild  to 
the  baptismal  font ;  that  John  Cooke,  once  a  Con- 
gregational minister  in  Massachusetts,  and  the 
subject  of  a  letter  from  John  Cotton  to  his  nephew. 
Cotton  Mather,  "  was  living  in  1694,  prolialily  the 
oldest  survivor  of  the  male  passengers  in  the  May- 
flower;" that  Philip  Edes  was  a  friend  and  helper 
of  Oliver  Cromwell;  that  Samuel  Hubbard  did 
much  by  his  letters  and  other  manuscripts  to  pre- 
serve the  early  history  of  the  church  and  denomi- 
nation. 

{II.  1683-1732.)  The  third  pastor  was  Richard 
Dingley,  who,  coming  from  England,  was  received 
into  the  Baptist  church  in  Boston  in  1084,  and  four 
years  later  was  ordained  pastor  of  this  church  ;  in 
1694  he  resigned  and  went  to  South  Carolina.  In 
November,  1711,  William  Peckkam,  one  of  the 
members  of  the  church,  was  ordained  to  the  pas- 
torship, and  continued  in  office  until  his  death,  in 
1732.  His  ministry  was  disturbed  by  a  headstrong 
elder,  Daniel  White,  who  had  been  procured  as  an 
assistant,  but  who  drew  off  a  few  members  and  set 
up  a  separate  meeting,  which,  however,  continued 
but  a  little  while.  John  Comer,  the  fifth  ))astor, 
born  in  Boston,  Aug.  1,  1704,  and  educated  at  Yale 
College,  was  baptized  into  the  Baptist  church  in 
Boston,  Jan.  31,  1725,  and  May  19,  1726.  ordained 
pastor  of  this  church,  colleague  with  Elder  Peck- 
ham.  His  change  of  views  respecting  the  rite  of 
the  imposition  of  hands,  and  his  preaching  it  as  ob- 
ligatory on  the  church,  led  to  a  severance  of  the 
pastoral  relation,  Jan.  8,  1729. 

During  this  period  there  were  two  interregna  in 
the  pastoral  office,  the  second  extending  to  more 
than  a  decade  of  years.  During  the  first,  iiowever, 
the  church  improved  its  material  condition,  and 
during  the  second  for  most  of  the  time  sat  under 
the  ministry  of  Mr.  Bliss,  a  Seventh-day  Baptist 
preacher.  The  church  not  only  had  a  name,  but 
had,  and  for  a  long  time  possessed,  a  local  habita- 
tion. The  meeting-house  in  which  tiie  church  had 
long  worshiped  was  sold  in  1707,  and  during  the 
following  year  a  new  one  was  built.  Though  a 
salary  was  voted  him  at  his  settlement,  Mr.  Comer 
early  made  an  effort  to  induce  the  church  to  adopt 
the  method  of  weekly  offerings  for  the  support  of 
the  ministry.  The  church  voted,  Sept.  8,  1720, 
"that  a  weekly  contribution  for  the  support  of  the 
ministry  should   be   observed."      Singing   having 


NEWPORT 


842 


NEWPORT 


fallen  into  disuse,  Mr.  Comer  re-introduced  it.  He 
commenced  also  regular  church  records,  and  gath- 
ei'ed  much  material  towards  a  history  of  the  church. 
Of  members  during  this  period'  we  may  mention' 
James  Barker,  an  elder  in  the  church  ;  Peter  Tay- 
lor and  Samuel  Maxwell,  made  deacons  in  1724, 
and  William  Peckham,  in  1732  ;  Peter  Foulger,  the 
maternal  grandfather  of  Benjamin  Franklin,  and  a 
successful  missionary  to  the  Indians^  Thomas  Dun- 
gan,  the  first  Baptist  minister  in  Pennsylvania ; 
also  three  sons  of  the  second  pastor,  namely,  Oba- 
diah,  John,  and  Jonathan  Holmes,  one  or  two  of 
them  pioneers  in  New  Jersey.  The  church  was 
thus  through  its  members  extending  its  influence ; 
as  during  the  former  period  throughout  New  Eng- 
land, so  during  this  to  provinces  more  remote. 

(III.  1732-1788.)  John  Callender,  the  successor 
of  Mr.  Comer,  born  in  Boston  in  1706,  and  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  College  in  1723,  and  the  same  year 
baptized  into  the  Baptist  church  of  his  native  town, 
was,  Oct.  13,  1731,  ordained,  as  pastor  of  this 
church.  The  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the 
settlement  of  the  island  was  celebrated  by  the 
building  of  a  new  house  of  worship,  and  by  a  his- 
torical discourse  of  great  fullness  and  accuracy, 
preached  March  24,  1738,  by  the  pastor,  in  which 
he  reviewed  the  events  of  the  century.  The  entire 
colony  was  brought  under  .obligation  to  him  for 
this  first  history  of  its  beginnings  and  early  pro- 
gress. His  pastoral  labors"  continued  till  death, 
Jan.  26,  1748.  Before  the  close  of  the  same  year 
the  church  called  to  the  pastorship  Edwai-d  Upham, 
born  in  Maiden,  Mass.,  in  1709,  and  graduated  at 
Harvard  College  in  1734.  It  was  during  his  term 
of  service  that  the  Baptists  of  America  made  an 
effort  to  establish  a  college  within  the  colony,  for 
which  Newport  made  a  strong  but  unsuccessful 
bid.  There  were  cogent  reasons  why  it  should  be 
located  elsewhere.  Mr.  'Upham  resigned  his  charge 
in  1771,  to  be  succeeded  by  Erasmus  Kelley,  who 
was  ordained  on  the  9th  of  October.  He  was  born 
in  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  July  24,  1748,  and  received  his 
education  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  His 
ministry  was  interrupted  by  the  Revolutionary  war 
and  the  British  occupancy  of  tlie  town.  He  died 
Nov.  7,  1784,  and  the  pastoral  office  thus  made  va- 
cant was  filled  by  the  choice  of  Benjamin  Foster, 
who  began  his  labors  on  the  first  Lord's  day  in 
January,  1785.  He  was  born  in  Danvers,  Mass., 
June  12,  1750,  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1774, 
and'  September  4  of  the  same  year  was  baptized 
into  the  Baptist  church  in  Boston.  Mr.  Foster 
severed  his  pastoral  relations  Sept.  15,  1788,  and 
removed  to  New  York. 

The  doctrinal  position  of  the  church  remained 
unchanged.  The  last  pastor  was  very  pronounced 
in  his  Calvinism.  Under  his  leadership  the  church 
united  with  the  Warren  Association.     So  early  in 


this  period  as  1733-34  the  church  had  agreed  upon 
the  desirableness  of  coming  into  an  association 
with  the  churches  with  which  it  was  in  ecclesiasti- 
cal fellowship.  We  do  not  know  why  the  idea  was 
not  then  realized.  During  Mr.  Foster's  adminis- 
tration, Tate  and  Brady's  collection  of  hymns  was 
in  the  service  of  song  superseded  by  Dr.  Watts's 
psalms  and  hymns.  A  few  names  may  here  be 
mentioned,  as  follows  :  Samuel  Fowler,  member  of 
the  last  colonial  Assembly  which  passed  the  bold 
act  that  severed  the  colony  from  Great  Britain ; 
William  Claggett,  an  ingenious  maker  of  astro- 
nomical and  musical  clocks,  and  who  anticipated 
Franklin  in  some  of  his  experiments  with  elec- 
tricity ;  Hezekiah  Carpenter  and  Josias  Lj'ndon, 
both  generous  benefactors  of  the  church,  though 
the  latter.  Gov.  Lyndon,  was  never  a  member; 
Benjamin  Hall  and  Joseph  Pike,  made  deacons  in 
1785. 

Reviewing  the  history  of  the,  church  thus  far 
traversed,  we  find  a  noble  record  made.  Strong 
w£re  many  of  the  men  connected  with  the  church, 
worthy  to  be  leaders  in  Zion  ;  and  the  ministry  was 
able  and  cultivated.  With  scarcely  an  exception 
the  pastors  were  men  of  university  training.  Bes- 
edict,  having  in  his  history  (1848)  brought  his 
account  of  this  church  down  to  the  close  of  this 
period,  1788,  adds  this  remark:  "We  have  now 
followed  the  succession  of  pastors  of  this  ancient 
community  for  about  a  century  and  a  half,  .  .  . 
and  of  these  nine  pastors  all  but  Mr.  Holmes  (he 
means  Mr.  Peckham)  were  men  of  liberal  educa- 
tion." 

(IV.  1789-1834.)  The  next  pastor's  term  of  ser- 
vice extended  through  nearly  a  half-century. 
Michael  Eddy,  born  In  Swanzey,  Mass.,  in  1760, 
and  ordained  in  the  same  town  in  1785,  was  called 
to  the  pastorship  of  this  church  Aug.  10,  1789.  In 
1792  the  church,  without  assigning  any  reason  for 
the  action,  voted  to  withdraw  from  the  Warren  As- 
sociation, and  it  remained  uuassociated  during  the 
remainder  of  Mr.  Eddy"s  long  pastorate.  For  a 
number  of  years  a  union  Sunday-school  was  main- 
tained by  the  several  churches  in  town.  Subse- 
quently the  different  churches  organized  schools  of 
their  own.  That  in  connection  with  this  church 
was  formed  in  1834,  and  the  same  year  the  First 
Baptist  Society  was  incorporated.  During  this 
period  we  seem  to  pass  from  the  ancient  into  the 
modern  world.  Rapid  changes  were  taking  place 
in  modes  of  life.  And  changes  even  in  matters  of 
faith  were  beginning  to  appear.  Suspicions  of 
unsoundness  in  the  faith  clouded  the  closing  years 
of  the  pastor's  life.  A  loosening  in  the  spiritual 
temple  was  manifest.  Some  members  became  Ar- 
minians,  a  few  were  tinctured  even  with  Socinian- 
ism.  Dr.  Channing  was  welcomed  to  preach  in  the 
pulpit.     One  sermon  of  his  made  a  strong  impres- 


NEWPORT 


843 


NEWPORT 


lion.  Nevertheless,  the  majority  of  the  church,  it 
is  believed,  remained  true,  though  it  is  known 
that  a  fewr  in  their  love  for  pure  orthodoxy  left  the 
church.  James  A.  McKenzie  was  chosen  assistant 
ministei-  in  1833,  and  the  following  deacons  were 
elected:  Jethro  Brigj^s,  in  1803:  George  Tilley,  in 
1813;  Abner  Peckhaiii  and  Arnold  Barker,  in 
1822;  Benjamin  W.  Smith  and  Peleg  Saiiford,  in 
1833.     Mr'.  Eddy  died  June  3,  1835. 

(V.  1834-1880.)  Already  the  church  had  called 
to  the  pastoral  office  Arthur  Anuisa  Ross,  born  in 
Thomson,  Conn.,  in  1791,  and  ordained  in  his  na- 
tive town  in  1819,  who  entered  upon  his  duties  as 
pastor  of  this  church  Nov.  9,  1834.  His  preaching 
produced  consternation  among  those  who  had  re- 
ceived "another  gospel."  In  1836  the  church  re- 
united with  the  Warren  Association.  In  commem- 
oration of  the  two  hundredth  anniversary  of  the 
settlement  of  tiie  island  the  pastor  preached,  April 
4  (March  24,  O.S.),  1838,  a  historical  sermon,  in 
which  he  reviewed  the  second  century  of  progress. 
He  resigned  his  charge  Nov.  1,  1840,  and  Joseph 
Smith  was  invited,  Jan.  2,  1841,  to  succeed  him. 
He  was  born  in  Ham|)stead,  N.  II.,  June  .'51,  1808, 
studied  a  year  (1831-32)  at  the  Newton  Theologi- 
cal Institution,  and  was  graduated  at  Brown  Uni- 
versity in  1837,  and  the  same  year  ordained  as 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Woonsocket,  II.  I. 
During  his  pastorate  a  new  meeting-house  was 
built,  with  galleries  on  three  sides,  and  containing 
120  pews  on  the  floor.  It  was  dedicated,  May  13, 
184G,  "to  the  worship  of  God,  the  Father,  the  Son, 
and  the  Holy  Ghost."  The  Psalmist  displaced  in 
the  service  of  song  Winchell's  edition  of  Watts. 
On  the  19th  of  August,  1849,  Mr.  Smith  resigned 
the  pastoral  office,  and  was  succeeded  by  Samuel 
Adlam,  who  was  called  to  the  pastorship  the  14th 
of  the  following  October.  He  was  born  in  Bristol, 
England,  Feb.  4,  1798,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
two  came  to  Boston,  where  he  was  baptized  into 
the  First  Baptist  church.  He  was  ordained  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  ciiurch  in  AVest  Mcdway,  Mass.,  and 
after  two  other  settlements  was  graduated  at  the 
Newton  Theological  Institution  in  1S38.  It  was 
during  his  ministry  that  twenty  churches,  of  which 
this  was  one,  withdrew  from  the  Warren  Associa- 
tion and  formed  a  new  body,  which  was  called  the 
Narragansett  Association.  Mr.  xVdlam  resigned 
his  charge  June  27,  18G4,  and  March  12,  1865,  was 
succeeded  by  Rev.  C.  E.  Barrows,  D.D.,  who  was 
graduated  at  Brown  University  in  1858,  and  the 
Newton  Theological  Institution  in  1861,  and  on 
the  25th  of  December  of  that  year  was  ordained 
■pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Peabody,  Mass. 
The  following  brethren  have  during  this  period 
been  elected  deacons:  Benjamin  B.  Howland,  in 
1837;  Samuel  S.  Peckham.  in  1847;  Stephen  S. 
Albro  and  Samuel  Eyles,  in  1857 ;  Gilbert  Tomp- 


kins, George  M.  Hazard,  Thomas  H.  Clarke,  and 
George  Nasen,  in  1867;  and  in  1874,  Ara  Hildreth. 
Mr.  Howland  was  deacon  for  forty  years,  and  for 
fifty  years  was  clerk  of  the  town  and  city  of  New- 
port. 


-=^**?^'^' 


C.  E.  BARROWS,   D.D. 

During  the  nearly  two  centuries  and  a  half  which 
have  elapsed  since  the  first  members  of  the  church 
entered  into  solemn  covenant  with  one  another  to 
observe  the  public  worship  of  God  and  keep  the 
ordinances  as  given  by  the  Head  of  the  church, 
this  body  has  remained  true  to  its  early  confessions 
of  faith.  Slight  changes  have  been  made  in  the 
statement  of  some  of  the  doctrines,  nevertheless  the 
essential  principles  on  which  the  church  rests  are 
the  same  now  as  at  the  first.  Among  the  prin- 
ciples at  the  beginning  were  these :  that  Christ 
"  may  alone  lay  commands  upon  the  church  with 
respect  to  worship  ;"  that  "  dipping  in  water  is  (me 
of  these  commands,  and  that  only  a  believer  may  be 
baptized  :"  that  "  baptized  believers  have  the  liberty 
to  speak  in  the  assemblies  of  the  saints  for  the  edi- 
fication of  the  whole;"  and  that  "  no  disciple  of 
Christ  has  a  right  to  constrain  or  restrain  the  con- 
science of  another,  or  to  seek  by  physical  force  to 
compel  men  to  worship  God."  The  church  still 
believes  that  Christ  alone  is  the  rightful  sovereign 
in  the  realm  of  religious  faith  ;  that  his  will  has 
been  recorded  in  Holy  Scripture,  which  is  a  suffi- 
cient rule  of  doctrine  and  duty  ;  that  it  is  the  will 
of  Christ  that  those  who  have  by  faith  accepted 
him  as  their  Saviour  should  identify  themselves 
with  his  people  by  church  relations  ;  that  the  ordi- 
nances of  baptism  and  the  Lord's  Supper  belong  to 


NEWTON 


844 


NEW  YORK 


the  church,  and  are  designed  to  set  forth  great 
spiritual  facts, — the  first  the  origin,  and  the  second 
the  maintenance  of  the  new  life  in  the  soul,  and 
each  in  intimate  and  vital,  connection  with  the' 
death  of  Clirist ;  and  finally,  that  Christ's  church, 
deeply  imbued  with  his  Spirit,  is  the  divinely  ap- 
pointed agency  for  the  evangelization  of  the  world. 
Newton,  Prof.  Calvin,  was  born  in  South- 
borough,  Mass.,  Nov.  26,  1800.  Hecntered  Brown 
University  in  1820,  and  graduated  at  Union  College 
in  1824.  While  in  Brown  University  he  became 
a  Christian  and  was  baptized.  He  was  licensed 
to  preach  by  the  church  in  South  borough  ;  gradu- 
ated at  Newton  in  1829,  and  was  ordained  pastor 
of  the  church  in  Bellingham,  Mass.,  the  same  year. 
He  remained  here  three  years,  and  then  accepted 
an  appointment,  in  1832,  as  professor  in  Waterville 
College.  He  occupied  the  chair  to  which  he  had 
been  elected  for  five  years.  Resigning  his  position 
in  Waterville,  he  was  appointed  professor  in  the 
newly  established  theological- institution  in  Maine. 
With  this  institution  he  was  associated  for  four 
years,  when  he  became  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Grafton,  Mass.  Having  decided  to  become  a  phy- 
sician, he  pursued  his  medical  studies  until  he  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  M.D.  from  the  medical  institu- 
tion in  Pittsfield,  Mass.  During  the  remainder  of 
his  life,  he  was  for  the  most  of  the  time  a  lecturer 
or  professor  in  the  Worcester  Medical  Institution, 
and  finally  its  president.     He  died  Aug.  9,  1853. 

Newton,  Matthew  Turner,  M.D,,  son  of  Dea- 
con Israel  and  Harriet  T.  Newton,  was  born  in 
1830  in  Colchester,  Conn. ;  fitted  for  college  at 
Bacon  Academy ;  in  1848  chose  the  medical  pro- 
fession, and  in  1851  graduated  from  the  medical 
department  of  Yale  College;  commenced  practice 
in  Salem,  Conn. ;  represented  Sulem  in  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  in  1853  :  at  the  close  of  the  Legis- 
lature removed  to  Suffield  ;  in  the  civil  war  was 
assistant  surgeon  of  3d  Conn.  Vols. ;  afterwards 
surgeon  of  10th  Cona.  Vols. ;  resumed  practice  in 
Suffield  ;  elected  deacon  of  Second  Baptist  church 
in  Suffield  in  1875;  has  been  a  trustee  of  Connec- 
ticut Literary  Institution  since  1872;  occupies  a 
high  position  in  society,  and  exerts  abroad  and 
happy  influence. 

Newton  Theological  Institution  commenced 

its  first  session  on  the  28th  of  November,  1825. 
The  plan  for  the  foundation  of  a  theological  insti- 
tution of  a  high  order  had  long  been  unu-v  contem- 
plation, but  did  not  take  definite  shape  until  the  25th 
of  May,  1825,  when  at  a  large  meeting  of  Baj^tist 
ministers  and  laymen,  representing  different  sec- 
tions of  New  England,  it  was  decided  to  establish 
such  an  institution,  and  commence  operations  at 
Newton  Centre,  Mass.  The  new  seminary  was 
opened,  with  Rev.  Irah  Chase  as  the  first  instructor 
of  its  students,  with  whom  was  associated,  at  the 


beginning  of  the  second  year,  Rev.  Henry  J.  Ripley. 
These  two  professors  constituted  the  faculty  of  in- 
struction for  six  years.  In  1834  the  trustees  added 
Rev.  James  D.  Knowles  to  the  corps  of  instructors, 
and  in  1836,  Rev.  Barnas  Sears.  Upon  the  death 
of  Prof.  Knowles  in  1838,  Prof.  H.  B.  Hackett, 
then  a  professor  in  Brown,  University,  was  called 
to  Newton.  The  early  history  of  the  institution 
was  marked  by  the  usual  experiences  of  such  sem- 
inaries of  learning.  Interest  was  awakened,  some 
funds  raised,  students  increased  faster  than  there 
was  ability  to  meet  their  wants;  then  a  trouble- 
some debt  oppressed  the  hearts  of  friends  and  well- 
Wishers  ;  then  came  attempts  to  secure,  first,  an 
endowment  of  §30,000,  then  of  $50,000,  both  of 
which  attempts  failed ;  then  another  effort  to 
secure  §100.000  was  made,  and  that  was  success- 
ful. But  the  amount  was  not  yet  deemed  suffi- 
cient to  meet  the  wants  of  the  institution,  and 
there  followed  a  scheme  to  add  §200,000  to  the  en- 
dowment already  existing,  and  success  crowned  the 
effort,  thus  placing  Newton  on  such  a  foundation 
that  there  was  every  reason  to  believe  its  future 
prosperity  was  placed  beyond  all  ordinary  contin- 
gencies. 

More  than  700  students  have  enjoji^ed  the  advan- 
tages of  the  institution,  having  obtained  their  theo- 
logical education  in  p^art  or  wholly  within  its  walls. 
Of  this  large  number  more  than  three-fourths  have 
been  pastors  of  churches  in  this  countr}-,  and  about 
60  have  received  appointments  as  missionaries  to 
the  foreign  field.  Not  far  from  55  students  have 
been  called  to  occupy  prominent  positions  in  our 
colleges  or  theological  seminaries,  either  as  presi- 
dents or  professors,  while  a  large  number  have 
been  useful  as  authors  or  editors.  The  institution 
has  done  a  noble  work  for  the  cause  of  Christ'  in 
connection  with  the  denomination,  to  whose  minis- 
try it  has  been  such  a  rich  blessing. 

New  York  Baptist  Home  for  Aged  and  In- 
firm Persons  is  the  name  of  one  of  the  best  insti- 
tutions in  I>cw  York.  It  is  the  outgrowth  of  the 
Ladies'  Home  Society,  organized  in  1869  to  pro- 
vide the  aged,  infirm,  or  destitute  members  of  the 
Baptist  churches  of  New  York  with  a  comfortable 
residence,  with  board,  clothing,  skillful  medical  at- 
tendance, with  their  accustomed  religious  services 
and,  at  their  death,  with  respectable  bur'-.'.,  i-.i 
its  application  for  means  to  accomplish  it>5  sr^J  r!.r 
society  met  with  a  generous  response,  and  speedily 
erected  a  large  building  in  Sixty-eighth  Street.  It 
is  six  stories  high,  a:  '  nicely  fjrnished.  It  does 
not  belie  its  name.  It  ;:,;s  rooms  for  the  accom- 
modation of  over  a  hundred  inmates.  To  obtain 
the  position  applicants  must  be  recommended  by 
the  pastor  and  deacons  of  the  3hurch  to  which  they 
belong,  or  shall  give  other  satisfactory  evidf  ice  of 
their  good  standing  in  a  regular  Baptist  church  for 


NEW    YORK 


846 


NEW  YORK 


five  years,  must  have  no  means  of  support,  nor  rel- 
atives who  will  provide  for  them,  and  must  pay  to 
the  treasurer  $100.  "Patrons,"  who  have  paid 
$1000,  can  enter  one  person  without  the  entrance 
fee,  and,  in  exceptional  cases,  the  trustees  may 
admit  applicants  without  the  fee.  A  matron  pre- 
sides over  the  institution,  who  is  chosen  for  her 
ijentleness,  piety,  and  fitness  for  such  a  I'esponsible 
position.  It  is  her  duty  each  day  to  inquire  after 
the  comfort  and  health  of  the  inmates,  and  provide 
promptly  all  that  may  be  necessary  for  them. 
Both  male  and  female  members  of  the  churches, 
becoming  poor,  and  with  no  friends  to  support 
them,  find  in  this  building  a  home  in  which  to 
abide  with  comfort  until  called  to  the  eternal  rest. 

New  York  Baptists,  Historical  Sketch  of.— 

In  the  latter  part  of  the  seventeenth  century  Rev. 
William  Wickenden,  of  Rhode  Island,  a  Baptist 
,  minister,  visited  the  little  town  of  New  York  to 
preach  Christ.  He  labored  for  two  yffars,  meeting 
with  discouragements  and  persecution.  Without  a 
license  from  the  representatives  of  the  British  gov- 
ernment, he  was  regarded  as  a  law-breaker,  and 
thrown  into  prison,  where  he  lingered  for  months. 
For  several  years  afterwards  no  Baptist  minister 
made  New  York  the  scene  of  his  labors.  In  1712, 
Rev.  Valentine  Wightman,  of  Groton,  Conn.,  came 
to  New  York  for  a  short  period ;  during  his  min- 
istry about  a  dozen  persons  were  baptized.  After 
his  removal  Mr.  Nicholas  Eyers  preached  to  the 
struggling  community  which  he  left.  The  follow- 
ing petition  of  his  is  on  record  : 

"To  His  Excellency  William  Burnet,  Esq.,  Cap- 
tain-General and  Governor-in-Chief  of  the  Prov- 
ince of  New  York  and  New  Jersey. 
"  The  humble  petition  of  Nicholas  Eyers,  brewer, 
a  Baptist  teacher  in  the  city  of  New  York  : 

"  Sheweth  unto  your  Excellency  that  on  the  first 
Tuesday  of  Feb.,  1715,  at 'a  general  quarter  sessions 
of  the  peace,  held  at  the  city  of  New  York,  the  hired 
house  of  your  petitioner,  situated  in  the  broad  street 
of  this  city,  between  the  houses  of  John  Michel 
Eyers  and  Mr.  John  Spratt,  was  registered  for  an 
Anabaptist  meeting-house  within  this  city  ;  that 
the  petitioner  has  it  certified  under  the  hands  of 
sixteen  inhabitants,  of  good  faith  and  credit,  that 
he  had  been  a  public  teacher  to  a  Baptist  congre- 
gation within  this  city  for  four  years,  and  some  of 
tiiem  for  less ;  that  he  has  it  certified  by  the  Hon. 
Rip  Van  Dam,  Esq.,  one  of  his  Majesty's  council 
for  the  province  of  New  York,  to  have  hired  a  house 
in  this  city  from  him  January,  1720,  only  to  be  a 
public  house  for  the  Baptists,  which  he  still  keeps; 
and  as  he  has  obtained  from  the  Ma^'or  and  Re- 
corder of  this  city  an  ample  certificate  of  his  good 
behavior  and  innocent  conversation,  he  therefore 
humbly  prays : 


"  May  it  please  your  Excellency, 

"To  grant  and  permit  this  petitioner  to  execute 
the  ministerial  function  of  a  minister  within  this 
city  to  a  Baptist  congregation,  and  to  give  him  pro- 
tection therein,  according  to  his  Majesty's  gracious 
indulgence  extended  towards  the  Protestants  dis- 
senting from  the  Established  Church,  he  being 
willing  to  comply  with  all'  that  is  required  by  the 
Act  of  Toleration  from  dissen-ters  of  that  persuasion 
in  Great  Britain,  and  being  owned  for  a  reverend 
brother  by  other  Baptist  teachers. 

"As  in  duty  bound  the  petitioner  shall  ever 
pray. 

"Nicholas  Evers." 

After  this  petition  was  granted  the  community 
to  which  Mr.  Eyers  ministered  enjoyed  consider- 
able prosperity,  and  in  1724  a  church  was  formally 
organized,  and  subsequentlj'  a  meeting-house  was 
built  on  Golden  Hill,  near  John  Street,  of  which 
they  were  deprived  in  a  few  yearS  by  the  action  of 
one  of  their  own  trustees,  who  had  the  house  sold. 
Mr.  Eyers  was  pastor  of  the  church  for  seven  years. 
After  1732  the  community  disbanded.  The  church 
of  Mr.  Eyers  is  described  as  an  "  Arminian"  com- 
munity. 

In  1745,  Jeremiah  Dodge,  a  member  of  the  Fish- 
kill  Baptist  church,  who  lived  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  opened  his  house  for  the  Baptist  worship, 
instituted  by  his  Master  and  precious  to  himself. 
Benjamin  Miller,  of  New  Jersey,  was  accustomed 
to  preach  in  the  house  of  Mr.  Dodge.  Some  of  the 
members  of  the  Free-Will  Church,  whom  the  Lord 
had  taught  to  renounce  Arminianism,  joined  Mr. 
Dodge  in  sustaining  the  new  movement.  Joseph 
Meeks,  who  Avas  baptized  the  first  year  that  Mr. 
Dodge  had  preaching  in  his  house,  greatlj'  contrib- 
uted to  the  continued  existence  of  this  Baptist  en- 
terprise. John  Pine,  a  licentiate  of  the  Fislikill 
church,  preached  for  them  for  some  time.  In  1747 
the  Scotch  Plains  church.  New  Jersey,  was  consti- 
tuted, and  in  1753  the  thirteen  New  York  Baptists 
united  with  the  community  at  Scotch  Plains.  Ben- 
jamin Miller,  the  pastor  of  the  church,  needed 
more  room  for  his  New  York  hearers  than  a  dwell- 
ing-house could  afford,  and  a  rigging-loft  was  se- 
cured in  Cart-and-IIorse  Street,  now  William  Street, 
in  which  the  future  First  church  of  New  York  held 
its  "meetings  for  several  years.  They  erected  their 
first  church  edifice  on  Gold  Street,  whicli  was  opened 
in  March,  1700.  On  the  19th  of  June,  1762.  twenty- 
seven  persons,  who  had  received  letters  of  dismis- 
sion for  the  purpose  from  the  Scotch  Plains  church, 
formed  the  First  Regnbir  Baptist  churcli  of  New 
York  City.  The  same  day  John  Gano,  of  New  Jer- 
sey, entered  upon  his  duties  as  pastor  of  the  church, 
and  in  two  or  three  years  the  membership  exceeded 
two  hundred.     The  house  had  to  be  enlarged,  and 


NHH'   YORK 


847 


NEW   YORK 


soon  it  was  filled  to  overflowino;.  The  eloquence 
and  piety  of  Mr.  Gano  made  liiin  one  of  the  most 
popular  ministers  in  tlie  colonies. 

Durinj^  the  Revolution  the  church  w;is  dispersed; 
baptism  was  not  administered  from  April,  1776,  to 
September,  1784.  Mr.  Gano  was  a  brave  patriot, 
and  he  entered  the  army  as  a  chaplain.  This  po- 
sition he  held  throughout  the  war.  When  the 
enemy  evacuated  New  York  he  returned,  to  tiiid 
only  thirty-seven  members  of  liis  church.  The 
church  edifice  had  been  used  as  a  stable,  but  it  was 
soon  renovated;  and  on  the  resumption  of  divine 
worship  the  Lord  visited  them  again,  and  in  two 
years  the  church  numbered  more  than  two  hun- 
dred. Mr.  Gano  left  it  in  17S8  for  Kentucky,  and 
he  continued  there  until  his  death,  in  1804. 

In  1788,  Rev.  Dr.  Benjamin  Foster,  of  Rhode 
Island,  became  pastor  of  the  church,  who  died  of  yel- 
low fever  in  1798,  after  exercising  his  ministry  with 
much  acceptance  and  success  for  nearly  ten  years. 
The  Rev.  William  Collier,  of  Boston,  accepted  the 
pastorate  in  1800,  and  in  1803  the  ciiurch  opened  a 
new  stone  meeting-house,  fia  by  80  feet,  which  cost 
$25,000.  Mr.  Collier  resigned  in  1804.  In  the 
same  year  the  Rev.  William  Parkinson  succeeded 
Jlr.  Collier,  and  continued  pastor  till  1840.  In 
1841,  Rev.  Dr.  Cone  took  the  oversight  of  the  First 
church,  and  held  that  office  till  1855.  The  Rev.  A. 
Kingman  Nott  was  elected  his  successor,  and  was 
druwned  July  7,  1859,  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  Anderson 
followed  Mr.  Nott.  Dr.  John  Peddie  is  the  present 
pastor.  This  mother  of  churches  has  had  an  illus- 
trious succession  of  shepherds,  men  of  God  and  men 
of  remarkable  talents;  and  she  has  had,  and  has 
still,  a  membership  worthy  of  her  pastors. 

In  New  York,  and  in  its  suburbs  and  surround- 
ing cities,  there  are  now  more  than  one  hundred 
churches,  where  a  century  ago  our  single  Baptist 
church  edifice  was  a  stable  for  British  cavalry 
hiirses,  and  its  male  members  were  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary army  or  in  the  graves  of  patriots. 

There  were  Baptists  settled  at  Oyster  Bay,  Long 
Island,  probably  not  many  years  after  William 
Wickenden  preached  in  New  Y'^ork  City.  They 
were  found  here  in  1700,  with  William  Rhodes,  a 
licentiate,  as  their  preacher,  under  whose  minis- 
trations converts  were  brought  to  Jesus,  and 
among  them  Robert  Feeks,  who  was  ordained 
pastor  in  1724.  Fishkill  had  a  Baptist  church  in 
1745,  of  which  Jeremiah  Dodge  was  a  member, 
wIm  had  removed  to  New  York,  and  in  that  year 
opened  .his  house  fur  Baptist  worship.  Northeast 
cliui-ch  was  founded  in  1751,  by  men  who  had  been 
brought  to  Christ  in  the  great  revivals  in  the  time  | 
of  Wliitetield  ;  Simon  Dakin  was  their  first  pastor. 
The  First  church  of  Dover  was  constituted  in 
1757,  and  the  next  year  Rev.  Samuel  Waldo  be- 
came their  pastor,  and  held  that  position  for  thirty- 


five  years.  In  1759  the  church  at  Stanford  was 
organized.  The  Warwick  church  was  formed  in 
176C,  by  Rev.  James  Benedict,  and  from  a  small 
membership  it  soon  began  to  prosper,  and  early  in 
its  history  it  established  several  new  churches. 
From  these  seed-scattering  communities,  and  from 
Baptists  coming  from  New  England,  our  principles 
soon  after  this  date,  at  the  close  of  the  Revolution- 
ary war,  began  to  spread  with  extraordinary  rapid- 
ity, and  this  was  especially  true  in  the  western  part 
of  the  State. 

The  first  Baptist  meeting  in  Western  New  York 
was  held  at  Butternuts,  in  1773.  within  the  present 
limits  of  Otsego  County.  In  177(5  another  meeting 
for  worship  was  established  by  six  baptized  Indians, 
at  Brothertown,  now  in  the  county  of  Oneida.  These 
red  brethren  came  from  Connecticut  and  Long 
Island,  N.  Y.  The  community  at  Butternuts  was 
scattered  by  the  Revolutionary  war,  but  four  of 
the  families  composing  it  returned  after  the  proc- 
lamation of  peace,  and  the  next  year  revived  their 
meetings  for  public  worship,  and  in  August,  1793, 
they  were  recognized  as  a  regular  Baptist  church. 
In  1789,  Rev.  William  Furman  settled  in  Spring- 
field, Otsego  Co.,  and  at  once  began  the  preaching 
of  the  gospel,  which  was  soon  made  powerful  to  the 
conversion  of  souls,  and  a  church  was  formed,  con- 
sisting of  30  members,  in  1789;  the  church  in 
Franklin,  Delaware  Co.,  Avas  constituted  in  1792; 
in  1794  the  Kortright  church,  Delaware  County, 
and  the  First,  Second,  and  Third  Burlington 
churches,  Otsego  County,  were  organized.  And 
the  word  of  God  had  free  course,  and  was  glorified 
in  the  conversion  of  throngs  and  in  the  formation 
of  great  numbers  of  churches.  On  Sept.  2,  1795, 
under  the  leadership  of  Rev.  William  Furman,  the 
ministers  and  messengers  of  thirteen  churches  met 
at  Springfield  and  formed  the  Otsego  Association. 
The  sessions  were  full  of  joy,  hope,  and  the  love  of 
Christ.  In  1800  this  })ody  contained  37  churches, 
with  1718  members,  nearly  two-fifths  of  all  the 
Baptist  church  members  in  the  State  of  New  York. 
The  advantages  conferred  by  the  Otsego  Association 
led  to  the  formation,  in  ISOl,  of  the  Cayuga  Asso- 
ciation, and  similar  needs  and  benefits  resulted  in 
the  organization  of  others,  and  such  an  era  of  al- 
most unbounded  prosperity  blessed  the  denomina- 
tion in  Western  New  York  that  in  1846  there  were 
thirty  Associations  in  that  field. 

Among  the  instrumentalities  greatly  fovored  of 
God  in  spreading  the  gospel  in  Western  New  York 
was  the  ''  Lake  Missionary  Society,"  founded  in 
Pompey,  Onondaga  Co..  in  the  house  of  Rev.  Jona- 
than Baker,  Aug.  27,  1807.  This  body,  at  its  meet- 
ing in  German  in  1808,  assumed  the  nanie  of  the 
"  Hamilton  Missionary  Society."  It  employed  men 
of  great  zeal  and  al)ility  to  preach  Christ,  and  its 
success  was  very  great.     It  was  nobly  assisted  by 


NEW   YORK 


848 


NEW   YORK 


the  "  Hamilton  Female  Society"  and  other  women's 
organizations  existing  for  the  same  purpose ;  the 
first  contributiim  from  this  source  came  on  Feb.  19, 
1812.  The  Massachusetts  Baptist  Missionary  So- 
ciety sent  laborers  into  this  field.  The  "New  York 
Missionary  Society''  performed  some  mission  ser- 
vice among  the  Tuscarora  Indians.  On  Nov.  21, 
1821,  at  Mentz,  Cayuga  Co.,  the  "Baptist  Domes- 
tic Missionary  Couvention  of  the  State  of  New 
York"  was  founded,  and  for  an  account  of  its 
growth,  changes,  and  great  usefulness,  see  article 
on  New  York  State  Missionary  Convention. 

An  educated  ministry  for  our  rapidly-increasing 
churches  was  long  felt  to  be  an  absolute  necessity. 
To  meet  this  pressing  demand,  on  Sept.  24,  1817, 
the  "  Baptist  Education  Society  of  the  State  of  New 
York"  was  funned.  The  first  applicant  for  its  pa- 
tronage was  Dr.  Wade,  subsequently  of  Burmah. 
Dr.  Kincaid,  a  member  of  the  same  class,  and  a 
laborer  in  the  same  heathen  field,  was  among  the 
earliest  to  receive  its  advantages.  For  two  years 
the  students  were  taught  by  private  instructors, 
and  at  academies,  until  the  spring  of  1820,  when 
the  Hamilton  "  Literary  and  Theological  Institu- 
tion" was  founded,  which  finally  became  Madison 
University,  Hamilton  Theological  Seminary,  and 
Colgate  Academy.  The  institutions  at  Hamilton 
have  done  more  for  Ne^v  York,  New  England,  the 
Middle  and  Western  States,  and  Burmah  than  any 
human  pen  will  ever  record.  Rochester  Univer- 
sity, with  its  brilliant  history,  came  from  Hamilton. 

For  the  Baptist  newspapers  of  New  York,  see 
articles  on  The  Examiner  and  Chronicle,  The 
Baptist  Weekly,  and  The  Watch-Tower. 

The  "  New  York  Association"  is  the  best-known 
body  of  that  character  in  the  State.  In  the  min- 
utes of  the  Philadelphia  Baptist  Association  for 
1790  we  find  the  following:  "The  request  of  the 
churches  at  Stamford,  AVarwick,  First  and  Second 
of  New  York,  King  Street,  and  Staten  Island,  for 
permission  to  join  other  Associations  if  it  should  be 
found  more  convenient,  is  granted."  The  Associ- 
ation was  formed  Oct.  19,  1791.  The  Rev.  Elkanah 
Holmes  was  chosen  moderator,  and  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Foster,  pastor  of  the  First  church,  clerk.  Dr.  Fos- 
ter preached  the  first  sermon  before  the  Association 
from  the  test,  "  Many  shall  run  to  and  fro,  and 
knowledge  shall  be  increased."  Tiie  mooting  was 
held  in  the  First  church  of  New  York.  On  May 
2,  1805,  the  Fayette  Street,  better  known  as  the 
Oliver  Street  ciuirch,  was  received  into  the  Asso- 
ciation;  the  messengers  representing  it  on  that 
occasion  were  John  Williams,  pastor,  and  John 
Withington,  Jacob  Smith,  John  Cauldwell,  and 
Francis  Wayland.  The  New  York  Association 
has  been  remarkably  active  and  useful  in  extend- 
ing the  Redeemer's  kingdom  tliroughout  the  State, 
and  its  members  have  ever  sliown  a  spirit  of  en- 


lightened liberality  in  their  contributions  to  spread 
the  gospel  all  over  this  and  many  other  lands. 

There  are  now  44  Associations  in  the  State  of 
New  York,  877  churches,  801  ordained  ministers, 
114,094  church  members,  and  878  Sunday-schools, 
with  13,161  officers  and  teachers,  and  91,217  schol- 
ars, In  New  York  the  Baptist  denomination  is  but 
of  yesterday,  and  yet  its  numbers,  inteHii:ence,  re- 
sources, piety,  and  influence' exhibit  a  miraclij  of 
prosperity. 

New  York,  The  First  Baptist  Chiirch  of: — 
This  splendid  edifice  was  dedicated  to  the  worship 
of  Almighty  God  in  October,  1871.  The  church 
and  chapel,  with  their  ground  and  furniture,  cost 
$197,500.  The  edifice  is  free  from  debt.  The  spire, 
like  the  whole  structure,  is  of  brownstone.  Dr. 
John  Peddie  is  the  devoted  and  popular  pastor  of 
the  venerable  community  worshiping  in  the  superb 
edifice  represented  in  our  picture. 

New  York  State  Missionary  Convention, 
The. — Availing  ourselves  of  facts  stated  at  the 
annual  meeting  of  the  Convention  for  1880,  it  may 
be  interesting  to  say  that  the  first  Baptist  church 
organized  in  New  York  State  west  of  the  Hudson 
was  in  1789,  at  Springfield,  Otsego  Co.,  and  in 
1795  the  Otsego  Association  was  organized  witii  13 
churches  and  5  ministers.  In  1802  its  churches 
had  increased  to  42,  and  its  ministers  to  9.  Tliere 
were  at  this  time  in  the.  whole  State  of  New  York 
only  86  churches,  with  not  more  than  5000  mem- 
bers. In  1817  the  number  of  churches  was  310, 
with  28,000  members.  Now,  in  1880,  the  number 
of  churclies  is  877,  with  nearly  115,000  members. 
In  1802  the  population  of  the  Empire  State  was 
about  650,000 ;  "in  1880  it  is  fully  5,000,000.  The 
Baptist  denomination'  in  the  same  years  has  in- 
creased more  than  three  times  faster  than  the  pop- 
ulation, and  in  the  decade  ending  with  1880  the 
growth  has  been  more  rapid  than  that  of  the  pop- 
ulation. 

To  no  other  cause  than  to  the  character  of  the 
first  and  second  generations  of  pioneer  Baptist 
ministers  can  this  large  growth  be  ascribed.  Most 
of  the  first  generation  died  early  in  this  century, 
and  few  of  them  lived  later  than  1825.  But  how 
can  this  generation  estimate  the  debt  it  owes  to 
such  ministers  of  the  Lord  Jesus  as  Joseph  Cor- 
nell' Ashbel  Ilosmer,  AVilliam  Furman,  Salmon 
Morton,  Obed  Warren,  David  Irish,  Emoiy  Os- 
good, John  Lawton.  Joel  Butler,  Sylvanus  llavnes. 
Ora  Butler,  Lemuel  Covill,  and  Jonathan  Ferris? 
And  to  sucii  laynien  as  Squire  Munro,  Jonathan 
Olmsted.  Samuel  Payne,  Ebenezer  AVakely,  and 
John  Keep?  These  were  noble  men  of  the  first 
generation  of  Baptist  pioneers,  and  before  they  had 
entered  into  rest  anotlier  generation  on  whom  their 
mantle  had  fallen  took  up  tiieir  work  and  bore  their 
responsibilities.     They  included  such  ministers  as 


FIKST    BAl'TIST    CllLliCU,   NEW     VOKK. 


NEW  YORK 


850 


NEW  YORK 


Alfred  Bennett,  Natliuniel  Kendrick,  Daniel  Ilas- 
cail,  John  Peck,  Caleb  Douglass,  Jolin  Blodgett, 
Lewis  Leonard,  Cornelius  P.  Wyckoff,  Elon  Galu- 
sha,  John  Sinitzer,  Bartholomew'!'.  Welch.  Spencer 
H.  Cone,  Oliver  C.  Coiiistock,  and  Elisha  Tucker, 
and  such  laymen  as  William  Colgate.  Friend  Hum- 
phrey, Alexander  M.  Beebee,  Seneca  B.  Burchard, 
Asa  Bennett,  Oren  Sage,  and  William  Cobb. 

These  men  knew  how  to  discerij  the  signs  of 
coming  events  and  obligations,  and  to  make  ready 
for  them.  In  1807  they  formed  the  Hamilton  Mis- 
sionary Society,  and  its  field  was  wider  than  the 
State.  In  1812,  Mrs.  Betsey  Payne  and  Mrs.  Free- 
dom Olmsted  attended  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
society  as  delegates  from  what  was  called  the  Ham- 
ilton Female  Missionary  Society,  and  carried  with 
them  twenty  yards  of  fulled  cloth  as  their  societj^'s 
contribution  to  the  larger  treasury.  This  was  the 
first  woman's  Baptist  missionary  sc^ciety  known 
west  of  the  Hudson,  but  it  soon  became  the  mother 
of  a  large  number  of  like  societies  over  all  the  State. 
In  1814,  Rev.  John  M.  Peck  attended  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  Hamilton  Society  as  the  represent- 
ative of  Luther  Rice,  and  the  society  took  imme- 
diate measures  to  awaken  a  spirited  co-operation 
in  the  work  of  foreign  missions.  In  the  same  year 
the  necessity  of  a  religious  paper,  devoted  largely 
to  religious  news,  was'felt,  and  a  quarterly  paper, 
called  T lie  Vehicle,  was  set  agoing,  which  was  sub- 
sequently merged  in  the  Ntw  York  Baptist  Regis- 
ter. In  1817  the  New  York  State  Baptist  Education 
Society  was  organized,  and  in  1820  the  Hamilton 
Literary  and  Theological  Institution  was  started 
upon  its  beneficent  career.  In  1821,  prompted  by 
the  Hudson  River  Association,  the  State  Missionary 
Convention  was  organized  at  Mentz,  near  Auburn, 
and  in  1825  the  long-desired  unionof  the  Hamilton 
Missionary  Society  and  the  State  Convention  was 
effected. 

What  this  State  Convention,  dating  back  by  this 
union  to  the  year  1807,  has  done  appears  in  its 
helping  to  make  strong  and  self-supporting  such 
cliurohes  as  Binghamton,  Owego,  Waverly,  Corn- 
ing, First  and  Emmanuel,  Buffalo,  First  and  Sec- 
ond, Rochester,  Ogdensburg,  and  scores  of  others 
in  every  part  of  the  State.  But,  like  most  other 
good  movements,  the  Convention  has  had  a  check- 
ered history.  It  took  several  years  to  bring  about 
a  union  between  it  and  the  Hamilton  Missionary 
Society.  But  some  years  after  the  union  was  ef- 
fected a  new  and  rather  sharp  trial  came  in  settling 
the  relations  that  should  exist  between  the  Conven- 
tion and  the  American  Baptist  Home  ISIission  So- 
ciety. An  auxiliary  relationship  was  finally  fixed 
upon,  and  it  was  made  the  duty  of  the  Convention 
to  act  iis  a  collecting  agency  for  the  Home  Mission 
Society,  so  as  to  avoid  two  sets  of  appeals  to  the 
churches.     But  it  was  found,  after  some  years  of 


trial,  that  the  plan  did  not  work  well.  Then  came 
the  conflict  of  a  re-adjustment,  which  ended  in  mak- 
ing the  State  of  New  York  open  to  the  agents  of 
both  organizations.  But  the  Convention  continued 
to  do  good  work  for  the  means  at  its  command  under 
this  arrangement  to  the  year  1868.  when  the  co-op- 
erative system  was  adopted,  by  which  all  the  home 
and  domestic  money  of  the  State  went  into  the  Home 
Mission  Society's  treasury,  and  the  State  mission- 
aries were  paid  out  of  that  general  fund.  The 
effect  of  this  was  to  make  the  State  Convention 
less  influential  and  successful  as  a  purely  State 
organization. 

In  1874  the  Convention  was  reorganized  at  Hor- 
nellsville,  N.  Y.,  under  a  new  constitution,  the 
main  purpose  of  which  was  to  make  it  a  strictly 
State  oi-ganization,  more  distinctively  representa- 
tive in  its  character  and  less  complicated  in  its 
structure.  It  was  provided  that  its  sole  object 
should  be  to  promote  the  interests  of  the  State 
missionary,  educational,  and  Sunday-school  work, 
and  that  its  efforts  should  be  directed  by  an  exec- 
utive committee  of  seven  men  living  in  the  city  of 
New  York  and  vicinity.  In  these  six  years  a  larger 
and  better  work  has  been  done  within  the  State 
than  in  any  other  corresponding  period  in  the  Con- 
vention's history.  Each  year  has  been  an  advance 
over  the  one  preceding  it  in  the  number  of  mis- 
sionaries commissioned,  the  work  done,  and  the 
amount  of  money  received.  In  the  year  closing 
with  October,  1880,  the  total  receipts  and  disburse- 
ments were  §11,978.31.  During  the  year  73  mis- 
sionaries were  commissioned,  as  against  61  the 
previous  year  ;  and  from  70  of  these  reports  were 
received  quarterly  up  to  October  1.  These  slmw  a 
total  of  2344  weeks"  labor  performed.  6230  sermons 
preached,  3931  prayer-meetings  held.  12,476  re- 
ligious visits,  242  churches  and  out-stations  sup- 
plied, and  260  persons  baptized  by  the  missionaries 
themselves.  The  late  annual  meetings  of  the  Con- 
vention have  been  distinguished  for  their  unity  and 
ability,  and  for  their  benign  influence  on  all  the 
denominational  interests  of  the  State.   • 

New  York  Watch-Tower,  Jhe,  is  a  weekly 

journal  devoted  to  Christian  work  in  the  Baptist 
denomination.  It  was  at  first  called  The  Baptist 
Outlook;  edited  by  Justin  D.  Fulton,  D.D..  but  in 
187*8  its  name  was  changed,  and  John  W.  01  instead, 
D.D.,  became  the  editor  and  proprietor.  It  ap- 
peared at  first  in  the  quarto  form,  but  increase  of 
patronage  led  to  enlargement  and  a  change  to  the 
folio  form.  Its  plan  is  to  furnish  a  good  Baptist 
newspaper  at  so  low  a  price  that  the  less  able  mem- 
bers of  our  cliurohes  will  be  induced  to  take  it. 
In  November,  1880,  the  paper  was  furtiier  enlarged 
and  improved  under  the  auspices  of  The  IVafrh- 
Towcr  Publishing  Co.,  Dr.  Olmstead,  editor-in- 
ehier,  with   able  assistants.      It  is  loyal  to  Christ 


NILES 


851 


NOEL 


and  the  Baptist  faith  and  practice.  It  is  the  special 
ciiainpion  of  the  "  Bilde  Union"  principles,  of  pure 
versions  in  the  English  as  well  as  foreign  tongues. 
As  a  journalist,  Ur.  Olnistead,  so  long  the  editor  of 
the  Watchman  and  Reflector,  of  Boston,  stands  de- 
servedly high.  A  large  part  of  his  paper  is  filled 
with  carefully-written  editorial  matter.  His  dis- 
cussions of  religious  and  dononiiiiational  matters 
are  calm,  dignified,  and  forcible.  T he  Watch-Tower 
is  growing  in  public  favor  and  patronage. 

Niles,  Rev.  Asa,  was  horn  in  North  Middle- 
borough,  Mass.,  Feb.  10,  1777.  He  was  baptized 
by  Rev.  Dr.  Baldwin  in  ISIH),  and  united  with  the 
Second  Baptist  church  in  Boston.  lie  studied  for 
a  time  with  Rev.  AV.  WilliaTiis,  of  Wi'entham,  Mass., 
and  at  a  meeting  of  the  Warren  Baptist  Association 
at  Warren,  R.  I.,  in  1805,  ho  was  ordained  as  an 
evangelist.  He  commenced  at  once  to  preach,  and 
labored  in  several  places,  not  remaining  long  in  any 
one  of  them.  Ho  was  also  a  missionary  of  the 
Rhode  Island  Convention  for  some  time,  doing  the 
work  of  an  evangelist  in  different  j)arts  of  the  State. 
In  1832  he  removed  to  North  Middleborough,  and 
preached  there  for  two  years.  His  death  occurred 
April  I.'"),  1849. 

Nisbet,  Ebenezer,  D.D.,  was  horn  June  20, 
1826,  in  Edinburgh,  Scotland.     He  came  with  his 


EBENEZER    NISBET,  D.D. 

parents  to  xVmerica  in  1834.  The  family  settled  in 
Broome  Co.,  N.  Y.  After  some  ye.ars  they  removed 
to  tiie  neighborhood  of  Owego,  N.  Y.,  at  whose 
academy  Ebenezer  prepared  for  the  University  of 
Rochester,  in  which   he  graduated   in    1853.     He 


entered  Rochester  Theological  Seminary  the  same 
year,  and  graduated  in  1855.  He  remained  as  a 
resident  graduate  at  Rochester  for  a  year,  and  then 
settled  at  East  Avon,  N.  Y.,  and  was  ordained  Sept. 
5,  1856.  He  was  pastor  at  East  Avon  and  Brock- 
port,  N.  Y.,  at  Fond  du  Lac,  Wis.,  at  Rochester, 
N.  Y.,  at  Rock  Island,  111.,  and  he  is  now  pastor  at 
Leavenworth,  Kansas.  During  his  labors  at  East 
Avon  the  membershi]>  nearly  doubled,  large  acces- 
sions were  made  at  Brock])ort,  342  were  admitted 
to  the  Fond  du  Lac  church,  and  above  200  at  Roch- 
ester. At  Rock  Island  he  was  instrumental  in 
largely  relieving  the  church  of  a  burdensome  debt, 
while  at  Leavenworth  under  his  administration  a 
debt  of  a))()vi!  $1  (),()()()  has  been  removed.  The 
University  of  Chicago  bestowed  upon  him,  in  June, 
1868,  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity.  He  deliv- 
ered the  following  year  in  the  university  building, 
before  the  Ministers'  Institute  of  the  Northwest,  a 
course  of  lectures  on  "Science  and  Religion.''  He 
was  appointed,  in  1881,  by  the  governor  of  Kan- 
sas, one  of  the  regents  of  the  State  University.  He 
is  the  author  of  an  able  work  on  the  Resurrection, 
and  he  has  also  written  several  review  articles. 
Quite  a  number  of  his  sermons  have  been  pub- 
lished by  request. 

Nix,  Rev.  Allen,  an  able  pioneer  preacher  of 
Ouachita  Ba|)tist  Association,  La.,  died  in  Cata- 
houla Parish  in  1847.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he 
was  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  on  Little 
River. 

Noble,  Rev.  Mark,  was  born  in  Old  Charlton, 
Kent,  England,  Nov.  25,  1836  ;  was  converted 
under  the  preaching  of  Rev.  C.  II.  Spurgeon,  by 
whom  he  was  baptized  Dec.  1,  1859.  He  was  or- 
dained at  Necton,  Norfolk,  England.  Mr.  Noble 
was  brought  up  by  his  maternal  grandparents.  In 
early  life  he  studied  architecture.  He  entered  Mr. 
Spurgeon's  college  in  1862.  He  lia<i  charge  of  the 
Baptist  church  at  Carleton  Road,  Norfolk,  which 
he  resigned  to  come  to  America,  in  1870.  He  ar- 
rived in  Fairbury,  Neb.,  March  10,  1870.  Under 
his  labors  the  Baptist  church  in  Fairbury  was  or- 
ganized, July  3,  1870;  al.so,  July  5,  1870,  the  Dry 
Branch  Baptist  church.  Mr.  Noble  has  served 
these  churches  since  their  formation,  and  has  or- 
ganized other  churches.  He  has  labored  indus- 
triously and  successfully  amid  many  privations. 

Noel,  Hon.  and  Rev.  Baptist  W.,  was  for  many 

years  an  eminent  clergyman  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land, but  from  1848  he  was  identified  with  the  Eng- 
lish Baptists.  He  was  the  brother  of  the  Earl  of 
Gainsborough.  He  was  educated  at  Trinity  College,- 
Cambridge,  graduating  with  distinction  in  1S26. 
Having  been  ordained,  he  became  minister  of  St. 
John's,  Bedford-row.  London,  where  he  preached 
to  a  very  numerous  audience  of  the  upper  classes 
until   his  secession  from  the  Established  Church. 


NOEL 


852 


NOEL 


He  was  universally  regarded  as  one  of  the  most 
eminent  preachers  in  the  metropolis,  and  a  leader 
of  the  evangelical  party.  He  was  one  of  the  royal 
chaplains,  and  according  to  common  report  more 


HON.  AND    REV.  BAPTIST    W.  NOEL. 

than  once  declined  promotion  to  the  Episcopal 
bench.  His  secession  was  the  leading  event  in 
English  ecclesiastical  affairs  for  some  time.  The 
publication  of  his  book  on  the  "Union  of  Church 
and  State"  excited  much  curiosity  concerning  his 
future  course.  At  length  he  avowed  himself  con- 
vinced of  the  Scriptnralness  of  Baptist  principles, 
and  was  publicly  baptized  in  London,  Aug.  9,  1849. 
He  published  two  essays  about  the  same  time  on 
the  "E.'cternal  Act  of  Baptism"  and  "Christian 
Baptism."  Soon  after,  he  entered  upon  his  min- 
istry in  John  Street  Chapel,  as  successor  to  the 
veneralile  John  Harrington  Evans,  near  the  scene 
of  his  labors  as  a  State  Church  clergyman.  Here 
he  ministered  until  1868,  wiien,  having  attained 
his  seventieth  year,  he  resigned  his  pastoral  chai-ge, 
and  engaged  occasionally  in  evangelistic  services 
in  different  parts  of  the  country,  as  he  had  done 
for  some  time  after  his  retirement  from  the  Church 
of  England.  As  an  Episcopal  minister  he  had 
wielded  a  moral  influence  scarcely  second  to  that 
of  any  of  his  contemporaries.  Tiiis  was  due  to  the 
fine  blending  of  dignity  and  inde)iendence  in  his 
character  with  high  spirituality.  When  he  joined 
the  Baptists  these  qualities  were  irradiated  by 
the  sacrifices  he  had  made  for  conscience'  sake. 
Wherever  he  went  to  preach,  immense  throngs, 
belonging  to  almost  every  denomination,  assembled 


to  listen  to  a  man  whose  sincerity  of  motive  was 
beyond  suspicion,  and  whose  whole  demeanor  and 
action  seemed  a  vivid  embodiment  of  the  noblest 
Christian  manhood.  When  he  was  invited  by  tlie 
Baptist  Union  to  accept  the  highest  honor  which 
his  i)rethren  have  it  in  their  power  to  bestow,  he 
willingly,  but  with  characteristic  modesty,  accepted 
the  position.  He  filled  the  chair  in  1867,  the  year 
preceding  his  retirement  from  the  pastorate,  and  at 
the' autumnal  meeting  at  Cardiff,  his  unwritten  ad- 
dress on  the  work  of  the  ministry  produced  a  sin- 
gularly powerful  impression.  When  he  retired 
from  the  pulpit  at  John  Street  in  the  following 
yeair,  his  text  at  both  services  was  Gal.  vi.  14:  "  God 
forbid  that  I  should  glory,  save  in  the  cross  of  our 
Lord  Jesus  Christ,"  and  he  uttered  scarcely  a  word 
of  personal  reference  during  the  whole  day.  It  is 
a  remarkable  fact  that  until  the  time  of  his  depart- 
ure drew  near,  he  was  never  known  to  have  a 
day's  illness  in  his  life.  Dr.  Tyng,  in  his  "  Recol- 
lections of  England,"  published  in  1847,  described 
^Ir.  Noel  as  "  certainly  a  most  interesting  and  de- 
lightful preacher :  altogether  extemporaneous ; 
mild  and  persuasive  in  his  manner,  j-et  sufficiently 
impressive  and  sometimes  powerful,  having  a  very 
clear  and  consistent  flow  of  thought."  .In  addition 
to  a  variety  of  occasional  sermons,  and  sermons  on 
special  occasions,  Mr.  Noel  published  numerous 
works  of  greater  or  less  celebrity.  Besides  his 
well-known  book  on  Church  and  State,  and  the 
volumes  on  Baptism,  he  published  "Sermons  on 
the  First  Five  Centuries  of  the  Church,"  1839; 
"Sermons  to  the  Unconverted,"  1840:  "Sermons 
at  St.  James's,"  1842 ;  "  Sermons  at  the  Chapels 
Royal,"  1842  and  1848  ;  "  Case  of  the  Free  Church 
of  Scotland,"  1844;-  "  Notes  of  a  Tour  in  Switzer- 
land in  1847  ;"  "  Letters  on  the  Churcli  of  Rome," 
1852,  etc.  Among  pamphlets  which  excited  con- 
siderable attention,  his  letter  to  the  bishop  of 
London  on  the  spiritual  destitution  of  the  metrop- 
olis was  particularly  effective  for  good.  Also  liis 
publications  on  the  Jamaica  Jlassacres ;  on  the 
"  Duty  of  Englishmen  towards  the  Hindoos,"  and 
on  "American  Freedom  and  Slavery,"  during  the 
civil  war  in  this  country,  were  widely  read.  lie 
died  Sunday  afternoon,  Jan.  19,  1873,  in  his  sev- 
enty-fifth year.  His  amiable  spirit,  exemplary 
cliaraeter,  fidelity  to  conviction,  and  complete  and 
life-long  consecration  to  tiie  work  of  the  Lord,- are 
a  precious  possession  to  the  whole  church,  nnd  par- 
ticularly to  the  Baptist  body,  with  which,  con- 
strained by  conscience,  he  spent  his  maturer  years. 
Noel,  Silas  Mercer,  D.D.,  son  of  Rev.  Theo- 
doric  Noel,  was  born  near  Richmond,  Va.,  Aug. 
13,  1783.  He  received  a  classical  education,  after 
which  he  studied  law,  and  entered  on  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  at  Frankfort,  Ky.  After  a 
prosperous  career  of  a  few  years,  he  abandoned  the 


NOFFSINGER 


853 


NORTH  CAROLINA 


law  for  the  gospel  ministry,  and  was  orilainnd 
pastor  of"  the  Big  Spring  Baptist  church  in  Wood- 
ford County.  A  few  years  later  he  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  about  the  year  1817, 
which  position  he  filled  several  years,  when  he  re- 
signed and  resumed  the  active  duties  of  the  min- 
istry. He  traveled  and  preached  e.Ktensively,  and, 
(luring  a  number  of  years,  his  success  was  so  great 
that  it  was  said  "  he  baptized  more  people  than  any 
other  preacher  in  Kentucky."  In  1827  he  became 
pastor  of  Great  Crossing  church  in  Scott  County, 
and  during  the  following  year  baptized  into  its  fel- 
lowship o.'jy  persons.  He  was  an  author  of  more 
than  ordinary  ability,  and  he  wrote  extensively  for 
the  periodicals  of  his  time.  He  was  the  publisher 
of  a  Baptist  monthly  in  1813,  which,  however,  was 
suspended  for  want  of  patronage.  In  1836  he  was 
called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Lexington.     His  death  occurred  May  5,  1839. 

Noffsinger,  Rev.  M.  V.,  pastor  at  Macon,  Miss., 
was  born  in  ^'irginia,  and  educated  at  Union  Uni- 
versity, Murfreesborough,  Tenn.  He  professed  faith 
at  the  age  of  sixteen,  and  was  ordained  in  1862. 
He  has  labored  successfully  as  pastor  at  Marion, 
Va.,  four  years;  -Jonesborough,  Tenn.,  four  years  : 
Morristown,  Tenn.,  four  years;  agent  of  Union 
University,  one  year,  adding  §25,000  to  the  endow- 
ment. He  has  been  some  time  in  his  present  pas- 
torate. He  has  been  successful  as  a  church  builder, 
and  in  removing  debts  from  churches.  He  is  about 
forty  years  of  age. 

Norris,  S.  M.,  an  active  Sunday-school  laborer 
at  Kingston,  La.,  was  born  in  South  Carolina  in 
1813.  He  came  to  Louisiana  in  1853.  Has  accom- 
plished great  good  as  colporteur  and  Sunday-school 
agent. 

Norsworthy,  Rev.  Galbanum,  M.D.,  a  lead- 
ing minister  of  Liberty  Association,  Arkansas,  was 
born  in  North  Carolina  in  1815;  removed  to  Ar- 
kansas in  1848,  and  engaged  successfully  in  the 
practice  of  medicine ;  began  to  preach  in  1868,  and 
has  done  much  to  supply  the  destitution  about  hiui  ; 
is  an  able  preacher  and  forcible  writer. 

North  Carolini,  The  Baptists  of. — 

'irKl!',   ORIGIN. 

Moore,  in  his  "  History  of  North  Carolina,"  says, 
"  Sir  William  Berkeley,  governor  of  Virginia,  drove 
out  of  that  colony,  in  1 653,  the  Baptists  and  Quakers, 
who  found  a  refuge  in  the  Albemarle  region  of  Car- 
olina."' Morgan  Edwards  says  there  were  Baptists 
in  NorthCarolina  as  early  as  1695,  and  Dr.  Ha«ks, 
in  enumerating  the  freeholders  in  several  eastern 
counties  of  North  Carolina,  mentions  the  names  of 
many  Baptists,  and  among  them  two  preachers, — 
Faul  Palmer  and  William  Burgess.  The  first 
church,  however,  of  which  we  read  was  not  organ- 
ized till  1727, — some  authorities  say  1729, — in  the 


county  of  Cam(ien,  by  Paul  I'almer,  and  was  called 
Sliiluh.  This  church  still  exists.  Palmer  was  a 
native  of  Welsh  Tract,  ])i;l. 

In  1729  the  Meherrin  church,  which  still  exists, 
and  is  located  near  Murfreesborough,  N.  C,  was 
constituted  by  Joseph  Parker,  who  was  ordained 
by  Paul  Palmer,  of  Camden  County.  In  17.'"i()  the 
Meherrin  church  gave  hitters  for  the  formation  of 
the  Sandy  Run  churcii,  in  Ben-tie  Count}',  and  from 
these  three  original  churches  Baptist  principles 
were  gradually  but  slowly  disseminated  through 
the  eastern  part  of  the  State. 

In  1742,  Elder  William  Sojourner  came  with  a 
colony  from  Berkeley  Co.,  Va.,  and  settled  on  Ke- 
hukee  Creek,  in  Halifax  County.  In  1752  the 
church  they  founded  had  multiplied  into  sixteen 
churches. 

It  would  seem  from  what  Benedict  says  that  the 
Baptists  of  both  these  settlements  were  Arminian, 
or  Frce-Will,  for  some  time,  and  were  accustomed 
to  baptize,  certainly  in  some  cases,  without  requir- 
ing regeneration.  In  1775,  Miller  and  Vanhorn 
were  sent  down  by  the  Philadelphia  Association  to 
look  after  these  irregular  Baptists,  and  with  the 
blessing  of  God  were  enabled  to  effect  a  great  ref- 
ormation among  them.  They  adopted  the  London 
Confession  of  Faith,  published  in  1689,  and  in  1765 
formed  the  Kehukee  Association. 

The  reformation  of  doctrine  alluded  to  above 
must  have  been  but  partial,  however,  as  we  find  a 
resolutiiin  adopted  at  a  large  meeting  held  at  the 
Falls  of  Tar  River  in  1775.  described  at  length  by 
Burkett  and  Read  in  their  "History  of  the  Kehu- 
kee Association,"  in  which  non-fellowship  was  de- 
clared with  those  churches  whose  members  were 
not  converted  before  baptism.  Gradually  the 
churches  came  to  the  old  landmarks  of  Baptist 
faith  and  were  united,  though  for  a  long  time 
Joseph  Parker  and  the  Meherrin  churcli  did  not 
come  into  the  union. 

The  third,  and  by  far  the  most  prosperous,  colony 
of  Baptists  who  settled  in  North  Carolina  also  came 
from  Berkeley  Co.,Va.,  led  by  Elder  .Shubal  Stearns, 
and  settled  on  Sandy  Creek,  then  in  Guilford,  now 
in  Randolph. 

Daniel  Marshall,  the  brother-in-law  of  Mr. 
Stearns,  before  a  Congregationalist,  became  a 
Baptist,  and  was  very  successful  as  an  evangelist. 
The  Sandy  Creek  was  a  most  fruitful  mother  of 
churches,  though  originally  composed  of  but  16 
members.  In  seventeen  years  it  had  organized  42 
churches,  had  ordained  115  ministers,  and  gath- 
ered a  membership  of  600  communicants. 

The  first  Association  formed  in  this  State  was  the 
Sandy  Creek,  in  1758.  In  1792  the  Arminian  Bap- 
tists of  the  eastern  part  of  the  State  united  with  the 
Calvinistic  Bajitists  of  this  .Association,  and  thus 
the  denomination  became  united,  to  remain  so  till 


NORTH  CAROLINA 


854 


NORTH  CAROLINA 


1827,  when  the  Kehukee  and  Country  Lirte  Asso- 
ciations left  the  Old-School  Missionary  Baptists 
and  became  a  new  sect  of  Anti-Missionary  Bap- 
tists. 

In  Dr.  G.  W.  Purefoy's  "  History  of  the  Sandy 
Creek  Association,"  pp.  51-57,  it  is  abundantly 
shown  that  in  1821  the  Country  Line  Association 
was  a  Missionary  body,  and  in  favor  of  Sabbath- 
schools,  and  the  ''History  of  tho  Kehukee  Associ- 
ation," by  Burkebt  and  Read,  shows  that  that  body 
was  composed  of  Missionary  churches  for  many 
years  after  its  organization.  The  Portsmouth  and 
the  Chowan  were  both  daughters  of  the  Kehukee 
Association,  and  were  in  their  origin,  as  they  still 
are,  Missionary  organizations. 

FORMATION   OF   THE    STATE   CONVENTION. 

There  seems  to  have  been  no  general  eflfort  to 
unite  the  denomination  till  about  the  years  1814- 
16,  when  the  North  Carolina  Baptist  Society  for 
Foreign  and  Domestic  Missions  was  formed.  Who 
were  the  leaders  in  this  movement  does  not  appear, 
but  we  find  that  the  address  to  the  churches  was 
written  by  the  Rev.  Josiah  Crudup,  and  that  the 
famous  Robert  T.  Daniel  was  its  agent.  This  effort 
at  organization  having  failed,  another  society  was 
formed  about  1826,  called  the  Baptist  Benevolent 
Society.  It  drew  together  a  number  of  prominent 
men  in  Greenville  in  1829,  and  after  talking  the 
matter  over  it  was  pretty  well  agreed  that  they 
would  make  an  effort  to  form  a  State  Convention 
at  their  next  meeting.  In  a  journal  of  Dr.  Samuel 
Wait  it  is  stated  that  Rev.  Thomas  Meredith  pre- 
pared the  constitution  of  the  new  Convention  be- 
fore he  left  his  home  in  Edenton,  and  that  when 
the  Convention  was  formed,  in  the  barn  of  Dr.  J. 
C.  Gorham,  a  leading  Baptist  of  Greenville,  Pitt 
Co.,  March  20,  1830,  that  constitution  was  sub- 
stantially adopted,  and  that  is  still  the  constitution 
of  the  North  Carolina  Baptist  State  Convention. 
Its  second  article  reads  as  follows  :  "  The  primary 
objects  of  this  Convention  i;hall  be  the  education 
of  young  men  called  of  God  to  the  ministry  and 
approved  of  by  the  churches  to  which  they  respect- 
ively belong,  the  employment  of  missionaries  within 
the  limits  of  the  State,  and  a  co-operation  with  the 
Baptist  General  Convention  of  the  United  States  in 
the  promotion  of  missions  in  general." 

At  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  this  constitution 
the  Baptists  of  North  Carolina,  including  Primi- 
tive,'or  Anti-Missionary,  and  Free-Will  Baptists, 
numbered  but  14  Associations,  272  churches,  and 
15,360  members.  They  had  no  denominational 
paper,  and  no  school,  male  nor  female,  under  con- 
trol of  the  denomination.  Many  of  the  Associations 
scarcely  raised  more  money  at  their  annual  meet- 
ings than  was  necessary  to  defray  the  expenses  of 
printing  their  minutes,  but  the  founders  of  the 


Convention  were  men  of  large  brain,  unflagging 
zeal,  and  earnest  piety.  They  were  the  strongest 
men  of  their  denomination,  and  some  of  them  the 
peers  of  any  men  in  the  State.  They  planned 
largely,  and  worked  -zealously  up  to  their  plans. 

The  officers  of  the  Convention  were  P.  W.  Dowd, 
President;  A7.  P.  Biddle,. Thomas  ^leredith,  and 

C.  McAlister,  Vice-Presidents ;  R.  S.  Blount,  He- 
cording  Secretary  ;  and  II.  Austin,  Treasurer. 

The  first  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Convention 
consisted  of  Charles  W.  Skinner  and  Henry  A. 
Skinner,  of  Perquimans ;  Elder  Thomas  D.  Ma- 
son, of  Greenville  ;  Daniel  Boon,  of  Johnson  County ; 
Elder  Samuel  Wait,  William  Sanders,  and  Elijah 
Clark,  of  Newbern  ;  Elder  James  D.  Hall,  of  Cur- 
rituck County  :  Peter  B.  Lawrence  and  James  Hart- 
mers,  of  Tarborough  ;  James  B.  Outlaw,  of  Bertie 
County  ;  W.  B.  Hinton,  I.  Ilolliman,  and  Elder 
John  Purefoy,  of  Wake  ;  Elder  Jacob  Rascow,  of 
Edenton;  Samuel  Simpson,  of  Craven  ;  Elder  James 
McDaniel,  of  Cumberland ;  and  G.  Hukeby,  of 
Orange. 

The  following  ministers  were  appointed  is  agents 
of  the  Convention,  and  served  without  pa\%  viz.: 
P.  W.  Dowd,  Raleigh  ;  Thomas  Meredith,  Edenton; 
William  P.  Biddle,  Craven  County  ;  James  McDan- 
iel, Cumberland  County;  John  Armstrong,  New- 
bern ;  Reuben  Lawrence,  Bertie  County ;  Robert 
T.  Daniel  and  Eli  Phillips,  Moore  County  ;  James 

D.  Hall,  Currituck  Councj' ;  John  Purefoy,  Wake 
County ;  John  Culpepper,  Montgomery  County ; 
William  Dowd,  Stokes  County.  Samuel  Wait  was 
appointed  general  agent  of  the  Convention,  at  a 
salary  of  $1.00  a  day,  and  John  Armsti-ong,  corre- 
sponding secretary. 

An  address,  wiseand  masterly  in  an  extraordinary 
degree,  was  prepared  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Mere- 
dith' and  sent  forth  to  the  churches,  showing  the 
advantages  of  such  an  institution,  answering  objec- 
tions, and  inviting  them  to  unite  in  the  organization. 
The  Convention  was  a  bond  of  union  and  a  source 
of  development,  and  thus  proved  a  great  blessing 
to  the  denomination. 

The  Convention  has  three  boards  or  Executive 
Committees  to  attend  to  the  four  special  depart- 
ments of  work,  the  Board  of  Missions,  Home  and 
Foreign,  located  in  Raleigh  ;  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion,  located  at  Wake  Forest  College;  and  the  Sun- 
day-School Board,  also  located  in  Raleigh.  These 
boards  are  composed  of  ]irominent  men,  laj'men  as 
well  as  ministers,  chosen  from  different  parts  of 
the  State,  enough,  however,  residing  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  location  of  the  board  to  constitute  a  quorum. 

NORTH    CAROLINA    BAPTISTS   WHO    HAVE    BE- 
COME   DISTINGUISHED    IN    OTHER    STATES. 

As  in  the  field  of  politics  North  Carolina  has 
produced  three  Presidents  of  the  nation,  Jackson, 


NORTH  CAROLINA 


856 


NORTH  CAROLINA 


Polk,  and  Jolinson,  each  of  whom  attained  distinc- 
tion in  other  States,  so  in  the  realm  of  religion 
it  is  not  iinmodest  to  say  tliat  many  of  the  wisest 
and  ablest  men  wlio  have  adorned  the  Baptist  Zion 
oC  the  South  have  gone  forth  from  this  State.  Silas 
Mercer,  of  Georgia,  was  a  jireacher  in  N(irth  Caro- 
lina for  years  before  he  went  South,  and  his  nephew, 
Jesse  Mercer,  the  leader  of  the  Georgia  Baptists  and 
the  founder  and  benefactor  of  Mercer  University, 
was  a  native  of  Halifax  Co.,  N.  C.  The  elder  W. 
T.  Bratitly  and  the  elder  Basil  Manly  were  born  in 
Chatham  Co.,  N.  C,  within  five  miles  of  each  other, 
and  entered  the  ministry  in  this  State.  John 
Kerr,  who  as  an  orator  was  pronounced  by  Dr. 
Jeter  as  first,  and  no  man  was  second,  and  who  be- 
came so  celebrated  in  Virginia,  was  born  in  Cas- 
well Co.,  N.  C,  where  he  began  to  preach,  and  he 
died  in  Nm-th  Carolina.  Dr.  R.  B.  C.  Howell,  so 
long  identified  with  N'irginia  and  Tennessee,  and 
among  the  most  distinguished  Baptist  authors  of 
the  South,  was  a  native  of  Wayne  Co.,  N.  C,  and 
began  his  ministry  in  North  Carolina.  Dr.  A.  M. 
Poindo.\ter,  the  prince  of  agents,  and  the  most  elo- 
quent man  the  writer  ever  heard,  was  born  in  Bertie 
Co.,  N.  C.  And  J.  S.  Mims,  the  learned  professor, 
and  Iverson  L.  Brooks,  the  successful  pastor,  both 
of  South  Carolina,  were  born,  the  first  in  Cumber- 
land County,  the  second  in  Caswell  Co.,  N.  C.  All 
these,  with  Saunders,  the  first  president  of  Mercer 
University,  Georgia,  and  Emerson,  of  William 
Jewell  College,  Missouri,  and  Solomon,  of  Ken- 
tucky, and  hundreds  of  other  useful  and  honored 
men  among  the  Baptists,  have  gone  forth  from  this 
great  Baptist  State. 

PROGRESS  OF  THE  BAPTISTS   IN  NORTH  CARO- 
LINA. 

In  1770  there  were  but  9  churches  in  the  State. 
In  1784  there  were  42  churches,  47  ministers,  3776 
members.  In  1812  there  were  204  churches,  117 
ministers,  and  12,567  members.  In  1832  there 
were  3.32  churches,  211  ministers,  and  18,918 
members.  In  18-51  there  were  599  churches,  .'574 
ministers,  and  41,674  members.  In  1860  there 
were  692  churches,  374  ministers,  and  59,778 
members.  In  1876  there  were  1442  churches,  793 
ministers,  and  137,000  members.  Their  statistics 
as  reported  f.>r  1880  foot  up  77  Associationsj  1905 
churches,  and  172,951  momhers. 

These  figures  place  North  Carolina  third  among 
the  States  as  regards  Baptist  strength.  Georgia  is 
first,  Virginia  second,  and  North  Carolina  third. 

North  Carolina,  The  Biblical  Recorder  of.— 

No  single  agency  has  done  so  much  to  unite  and 
develop  the  Baptists  of  North  Carolina  as  the  Bibli- 
cal Recorder,  which  for  forty-six  years  has  been 
their  State  organ.  In  1833,  Ilev.  Thomas  Meredith, 
then  pastor  in  Edenton,  issued  The  Baptist  Inter- 


preler,  a  monthly  publication,  in  pamphlet  form, 
with  a  list  of  less  than  a  hundred  subscribers.  In 
about  two  years  there  was  a  call  for  a  weekly  paper, 
and  in  January,  1834,  The  Biblical  Recorder  was 
originated  by  the  same  man,  beginning  with  nearly 
1000  subscribers.  The  paper  was  removed  to  New- 
bern  in  1834,  and  to  Ualeigh  in  1838,  where  it  !■< 
now  issued.  About  this  time  the  Recorder  and 
Southern  Watchman,  of  Charleston,  S.  C,  were 
united,  and,  until  1842,  it  was  published  under  the 
style  of  The  Recorder  and  Watchman.  In  1842  the 
Recorder  was  suspended  for  six  months,  being  su- 
perseded by  a  monthly  periodical  entitled  The 
Southern  Christian  Repositorif.  After  six  months, 
however,  the  publication  of  the  Recorder  was  re- 
sumed, and  it  continued  under  the  management  of 
Mr.  Meredith  till  bis  death,  in  1851.  For  two  or 
three  years  it  was  edited  by  Rev.  T.  W.  Toby, 
D.D.,  pjvstor  of  the  Raleigh  church,  and  was  still 
the  property  of  Mrs.  Meredith.  In  1854  the  paper 
was  purchased  by  a  joint-stock  company,  and  Rev. 
J.  J.  James,  one  of  the  proprietors,  became  editor. 
Two  years  afterwards  Mr.  James  bought  out  his 
partners,  and  associated  Rev.  J.  S.  Walthal  with 
himself  as  editor,  and  they  continued  these  rela- 
tions until  1861,  when  Rev.  J.  D.  Hufham,  D.D., 
bought  the  journal,  and  edited  it  throughout  the 
war.  In  April,  1865,  by  reason  of  a  want  of  postal 
facilities,  the  Recorder  was  again  suspended  for  a 
time,  but  its  publication  was  resumed  in  the  fall 
of  the  same  year. 

In  1867,  Dr.  Hufham  sold  the  paper  to  Dr. 
Walters  and  JNIr.  J.  II.  Mills,  who  were  its  joint 
editors  for  a  time.  Mr.  Mills,  however,  became  sole 
proprietor  in  a  few  months,  and  continued  to  con- 
duct the  paper  till  1873,  when  the  Recorder  passed 
into  the  hands  of  Prof.  A.  F.  Read,  who,  after  two 
years'  experience  as  editor,  sold  it  to  Rev.  C.  T. 
Bailey,  who  still  owns  it,  in  connection  with  C.  B. 
Edwards  and  N.  B.  Broughton.  Dr.  J.  D.  Hufham 
was  associate  editor  with  Mr.  Bailey  for  more  than 
a  year  after  ho  took  charge  of  the  Recorder.  Dr. 
T.  H.  Pritchard  was  also  employed  on  the  editorial 
staff  for  two  years,  and  the  Rev.  Harvey  Hatcher 
is  now  the  associate  editor. 

The  Recorder  has  a  subscription-list  of  about 
4500,  and  is  regarded  not  only  as  a  means  of  emi- 
nent usefulness,  but  a  good  property,  yielding  a 
handsoino  in(!omo  to  the  proprietors. 

North  Carolina,  The  Colored  Baptists  of.— 
There  are  probably  80,000  colored  Baptists  in  North 
Carolina  in  regular  Baptist  churches.  A  consider- 
able number  also  are  to  be  found  in  Methodist 
churches  who  have  been  immersed,  and  who  do  not 
believe  in  or  practise  infant  baptism.  Up  to  the 
close  of  the  war  the  colored  people  in  most  cases 
were  members  of  the  same  churches  with  the  whites, 
having  a  portion  of  the  meeting-houses  set  apart 


NORTH  CAROLINA 


856 


NORTH R UP 


for  their  use,  thougli  in  a  few  instances  they  had 
distinct  organizations  and  their  own  pastors.  As 
was  naturally  to  be  expected,  they  withdrew  from 
their  white  brethren  after  their- liberation,  though 
not  in  all  cases,  for  the  colored  nieiul)erg  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Raleigh  did  not  retire  till 
nearly  four  years  after  the  war  closed. 

Since  the  war  they  have  grown  rapidly,  and 
have  now  30  Associations,  with  about  750  churches, 
and  a  membership  of  80,000,  and  with  probably 
30,000  teachers  and  scholars  in  their  Sunday- 
schools. 

CONVENTION. 

Their  State  Convention  was  organized  at  Golds- 
borough,  N.  C,  Oct.  17,  1867,  and  they  were  aided 
on  this  occasion  by  a  committee  appointed  by  the 
Convention  of  their  white  brethren,  consisting  of 
Revs.  J.  S.  Purefoy,  W.  M.  Young,  A.  D.  Cohen, 
and  C.  J.  Nelson.  Rev.  William  Warwick  was 
chosen  President,  and  Jj.  AV.  Boone,  Secretary. 
The  objects  of  their  Convention  are  the  promotion 
of  missions,  ministerial  education,  and  Sunday- 
schools.  This  Convention  met  in  Newbern  in  Oc- 
tober, 1879,  and  its  ofiBToers  are  Rev.  Caesar  John- 
son, President;  Rev.  H.  A.  Powell,  Vice-President  ; 
E.  E.  Smith,  Secretary ;  Rev.  John  Curly,  Corre- 
sponding Secretary ;  Rev.  A.  B.  Williams,  Treas- 
urer ;  Rev.  G.  W.  Peri'y,  Auditor. 

They  also  have  a  Sunday-school  Convention, 
which  meets  annually;  the  last  session  having  been 
held  in  September,  1879,  in  Goldsborough.  They 
have  a  church  organ,  called  the  African  Expositor, 
which  is  issued  monthly. 

Their  corresponding  secretary  ti-avels  as  an 
agent,  collecting  money,  and  doing  missionary 
work  also. 

As  early  as  1868  the  Convention  voted  tliat  a 
chair  of  theology  should  be  established  for  the 
training  of  their  ministers,  and  the  Rev.  H.  M. 
Tupper,  of  the  Shaw  University,  was  chosen  to  fill 
this  chair. 

In  addition  to  the  Shaw  University  they  have 
three  academies, — one  at  Plymouth,  one  at  Garys- 
burg,  and  one  at  Goldsborough  ;  the  first  two  ai'c 
paid  for  and  the  other  nearly  so. 

North  Carolina,  Western  Convention  of. — 

In  1789  the  French  Broad  Baptist  church  was  or- 
ganized in  that  part  of  North  Carolina  known  as 
west  of  the  Blue  Ridge.  Big  Ivy  church  also 
claims  to  have  been  constituted  about  the  same 
time.  The  first  Association  organized  in  i.hc  west 
was  the  French  Broad,  in  1807,  and  was  formed  by 
the-  union  oi  six  churches, — Little  Ivy,  Locust's 
Old  Fields,  Nev  Found,  Cancy  Rivei-,  French 
Broad,  and  Cane  Creek.  The  first  three  were  dis- 
missed from  the  Ilolston  Association  of  Tennessee; 
the  other  three  from  Broad  River,  in  South  Caro- 
lina.    Its  ordained  ministers  were  Thomas  Snelson, 


Thomas  Justice,  Sim  Blythe,  Benjamin  King.  Hum- 
phrey Posey,  and  Stephen  Morgan. 

Other  churches  and  Associations  having  orig- 
inated in  this  part  of  the  State,  the  Western  Bap- 
tist Convention  was  organized  in  1845  as  an  aux- 
iliary of  the  State  Convention.  In  1857  it  became 
an  independent  body.  At  first  its  territory  ex- 
tended as  far  east  as  the  Y'adkin,  but  since  the  late 
war  it  has  confined  its  labors  principally  to  the 
fourteen  counties  west  of  the  Blue  Ridge.  This 
territoiy  contains  9  Associations,  represenring 
about  20,000  Baptists.  The  Convention  has  three 
boards, — a  Sunday-school  board,  located  at  Ashe- 
ville  ;  a  Mission  board,  located  at  Waynesville  ;  and 
an  Education  board,  whose  headquarters  arc  at 
Henderson ville.  In  1853  the  Carolina  Bapti.it,  a 
weekly  newspaper,  was  started  at  Hendersonville, 
with  Rev.  James  Blythe  as  editor.  It  suspended 
in  1856,  but  resumed  publication  in  1857.  Soon 
afterwards  it  was  succeeded  by  the  liaptist  Telescope, 
W.  A.  G.  Bunn  editor,  but  this  paper  lived  only  a 
few  years.  Rev.  N.  Bowen  originated  the  Cottage 
Visitor,  which  continued  until  1871.  The  Baptist 
Gleaner,  edited  by  Rev.  John  Amnions,  appeared 
in  Asheville  in  1877,  but  lived  only  a  year.  The 
Baptist  Telescope  has  been  revived,  and  is  edited 
by  Rev.  N.  Bowen. 

The  Baptists  sought  to  establish  a  college  at 
Mars  Hill,  in  Madison  County,  before  the  war,  but 
the  prevalence  of  hostilities  caused  the  enterprise 
to  be  abandoned,  and  it  has  not  since  been  revived. 
A  school  at  Holly  Springs,  in  Macon  County,  has 
been  under  the  patronage  of  the  denomination  for 
several  years. 

In  1858  it  was  determined  to  build  a  Baptist 
female  college  at  Hendersonville.  Rev.  N.  Bowen, 
as  agent,  pushed  the  work,  until  stopped  by  the 
way.  Agranite  building,  three  stories  high,  nearly 
complete,  owned  at  present  by  a  joint-stock  com- 
pany, but  controlled  hy  the  Baptists,  is  the  result 
of  this  effort.  This  institution,  known  as  the  Jud- 
son  College,  has  a  patronage  of  a  hundred  students 
of  both  sexes,  and  is  presided  over  by  Rev.  AV.  A. 
Nelson,  D.D.,  aided  by  a  competent  corps  of  teach- 
ers. The  present  officers  of  the  Convention  are: 
President,  Rev.  N.  Bowen  :  A'ice-Prisiients.  liev. 
S.  M.  Collis,  Rev.  John  Amnions;  Secr<itary,  Co- 
lumbus M.  AVilliams;  Treasurer,  John  L.  Pleas- 
ants; Historian,  Rev.  D.  B.  Nelson. 

Northrup,  G.  W.,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  the  able  and 
distinguished  president  of  the  theological  sem- 
ina-y  at  Chicago,  was  born  at  Antwerp.  Jefferson 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  15,  1826.  From  his  earliest  child- 
hood he  was  under  strong  religious  influences,  his 
father  being  a  man  of  singularly  devout  character 
and  life.  Though  converted,  as  he  believes,  at  the 
ago  of  twelve,  it  was  at  the  age  of  sixteen  that  he 
received  baptism,  at  the  iiands  of  Rev.  Wilbur  Til- 


NORTHRUP 


857 


NORTON 


lin<;hast,  becoming  a  ineml)er  of  the  Baptist  church 
ill  iiis  native  town.  The  school  advantages  in  Ant- 
werp were  of  an  inferior  character.  His  schohirly 
tendencies,  however,  very  early  showed  themselves, 


G.   W.  NORTHRUP,   D.D.,    LL.D. 

and  he  began  the  study  of  Latin,  with  such  imper- 
fect helps  as  he  could  secure,  while  but  a  boy.  At 
the  age  of  eighteen  he  left  home,  with  a  view  to 
make  a  career  for  himself,  though  as  yet  with  no 
distinct  purpose  as  to  the  line  of  life  he  should 
choose.  Some  years  were  spent  in  teaching  at 
Trenton,  near  Utica,  and  at  Granville  and  Hartford, 
Washington  Co.  When  at  about  the  ago  of  twenty- 
one  a  visit  to  relatives  living  in  Watertown,  N.  Y., 
was  the  means  of  deciding  him  to  enter  upon  a 
regular  course  of  study.  He  had  already,  in  con- 
nection with  his  teaching,  but  mainly  through  pri- 
vate study,  become  so  much  a  proficient  in  math- 
ematics that  he  had  in  that  department  passed  over 
most  of  the  ground  of  a  college  course.  In  Latin 
he  had  done  something  ;  in  Greek  he  had  not  made 
even  a  beginning.  Setting  himself  resolutely  to 
private  study,  partly  under  the  tuition  of  A.  C. 
Beach,  Esq.,  since  lieutenant-governor  of  the  State 
of  New  York,  he  made  such  progress  that  in  a  year 
and  a  half  he  was  prepared  to  enter  the  last  term 
of  the  Sophomore  year  at  Williams  College  in 
Massachusetts.  At  his  graduation,  in  1854,  he 
took  the  metaphysical  oration,  perhaps  the  highest 
of  the  college  honors  at  Williams.  Entering  the 
theological  seminary  at  Rochester,  lie  graduated 
there  in  1857. 

Immediately  upon    the  conclusion  of  his   theo- 
55 


logical  course  he  was  appointed  instructor  in 
church  history  in  the  seminary  at  Rochester,  and 
at  the  end  of  the  year  full  professor  in  that  depart- 
ment. The  ten  years  of  service,  until  liis  call  to 
Chicago  in  1867,  made  their  lasting  impression  in 
the  seminary  and  upon  the  numerous  young  men 
who  came  under  his  tuition.  Better  work  in 
church  history  has  proljably  never  been  done  in 
any  theological  seminary  in  this  country.  During 
this  period,  besides,  Dr.  Northrup  won  distinction 
as  a  preacher.  For  one  year  and  a  half  he  supplied 
the  pulpit  of  the  First  church  in  Rochester,  165 
being  in  that  time  added  to  the  church  by  liaptism. 
In  I8()7  he  was  called  to  the  prcjsidency  and  the 
chair  of  Theology  in  the  seminary  about  to  be 
organized  at  Chicago.  Marked  as  had  been  his 
adaptation  to  the  form  of  work  assigned  him  at 
Rochester,  for  this  at  Chicago  he  was  perhaps  still 
better  suited.  While  yet  a  youth  he  had  beconie 
an  enthusiastic  student  of  metaphysics.  Previous 
to  entering  college  he  had  read  "Rational  Psychol- 
ogy" (not  an  easy  book  to  master)  through  no  less 
than  five  times,  and  knew  pages  of  it  by  heart. 
This  intellectual  learning  and  capacity  qualified 
him  in  an  especial  manner  for  a  mastery  of  sys- 
tematic theology  ;  iind  his  classes  at  Chicago  en- 
thusiastically testify  to  the  grasp  he  has,  and  in 
their  measure  enables  them  to  take,  of  the  whole 
subject  of  Christian  doctrine  in  its  classification 
and  in  its  verification.  Although  he  has  not  as 
yet  become  known  as  an  author,  his  lectures,  alike 
in  church  history  and  in  theology,  have  been  made 
so  complete  and  so  full  that,  if  they  could  be  given 
to  the  world,  they  would  rank  with  the  most  valueti 
of  the  many  books  in  these  lines  of  theological 
study.  As  a  preacher  and  lecturer  Dr.  Northrup 
renders  eminent  service,  alike  to  the  denomination 
and  to  the  general  cause  of  truth,  in  those  depart- 
ments of  it  which  it  is  the  fashion  of  these  times 
especially  to  assail, — more  particularly  what  con- 
cerns the  relations  of  science  and  philosophy  with 
the  doctrines  of  the  Christian  faith. 

Norton,  Charles  C,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Wash- 
ington, Conn.  He  was  brought  up  in  the  Protest- 
ant Episcopal  Church.  After  his  conversion  his 
convictions  of  duty  led  him  to  unite  with  a  Baptist 
church,  and  he  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of 
the  church  in  Carmel,  Putnam  Co.,  N.  Y.  Soon 
after  his  connection  with  the  church  he  was  licensed 
to  preach,  and  entered  the  University  of  New 
York,  and  afterwards  the  University  of  Rochester, 
from  which  he  was  graduated.  He  then  entered 
the  theological  seminary  there,  and  was  gra<lnatcd 
in  1854.  In  1S55  he  accepted  a  call  from  the  Sixth 
Street  Baptist  church  in  New  York,  where  he  was 
ordained  and  commenced  his  ministerial  work. 
His  connection  with  that  church  continued  nine 
years,  during  which  a  pressing  church   debt   was 


NORTON 


858 


NOTT 


removed,  and  about  400  converts  were  added  to  it 
by  baptism.  For  the  past  seventeen  years  he  has 
been  the  successful  pastor  of  the  Central  Park 
Baptist  church-  of  Nevr  York,  fie  is  a  fine  scholar 
and  an  able  preacher.  The  honorary  degree  of 
D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  ShurtlefF  College. 
During  his  ministry  he  has  baptized  704. 

Norton,  Judge  E.  H,,  was  born  in  Logan  Co., 
Ky.,  Nov.  21,  1821. 


JUDGE    E.    n.   NORTON. 

Danville,  at  seventeen  years  of  age.  In  1842  he 
graduated  from  the  law  department  of  Transyl- 
vania University,  and  located  in  Platte  City,  Mo., 
and  rapidly  built  up  a  legal  practice.  In  1852  he 
was  elected  circuit  judge  over  a  district  of  seven 
counties.  He  was  re-elected  in  1857  without  oppo- 
sition, and  served  until  sent  to  Congress,  in  1861. 
At  this  time  he  was  elected  to  the  State  convention 
to  consider  the  relations  of  Missouri  to  the  general 
govei'nment.  In  that  body  he  opposed  the  ordi- 
nance of  secession.  In  1875  he  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  convention  which  framed  the  present 
constitution  of  Missouri,  and  was  chairman  of  the 
committee  on  representative  districts.  In  1876  he 
was  appointed  to  the  Supreme  bench  by  Gov.  Har- 
din to  fill  a  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  death  of 
Judge  II.  M.  Varis.  He  united  with  the  Baptist 
Church,  in  Kentucky,  when  fourteen  years  of  age. 
In  1853  he  aided  to  organize  a  Baptist  church  in 
Platte  City.  lie  is  a  trustee  of  William  Jewell 
College,  and  takes  an  interest  in  his  denomination 
in  the  State.  He  is  an  upright  and  talented  judge. 
Nott,  Rev.  Abner  Kingman,  son  of  Kev.  Han- 


del G.  and  Lydia  C.  Nott,  was  born  at  Nashua, 
N.  II.,  March  22,  1834,  being  the  fourth  son  in  a 
family  of  fifteen  children.  His  early  preparation 
for  college  was  carried  on  partly  under  the  tuition 
of  Mr.  J.  H.  Hanson,  principal  of  the  Waterville, 
Me.,  Academy,  and  partly  under  the  instruction  of 
his  father.  AVhile  thus  en^gaged  in  study  his  con- 
version took  place,  in  January,  1849.  His  later 
preparation  for  college  was  made  at  the  Connecticut 
Literary  Institution  at  Suffield,  where  he  spent  a 
little  over  one  year.  The  question  of  his  futore 
vocation  was  settled  when  he  entered  Rochester 
University,  in  the  fall  of  1851.  He  was  graduated 
in  the  class  of  1855.  Two  j-ears  were  devoted  to 
theological  study  in  the  seminary  at  Rochester. 
His  life  both  in  college  and  in  the  seminary  was 
one  of  constant  and  unceasing  activity,  for  he  was 
largely  dependent  on  his  own  efforts  to  secure  the 
funds  needed  for  the  payment  of  his  bills.  He 
preached,  taught,  and  lectured,  and  thus  acquired 
a  remarkable  facility  as  a  public  speaker.  He 
pj-eached  the  first  time  for  the  First  Baptist  church, 
New  York,  in  the  fall  of  1856,  and  Dec.  29,  1856, 
was  unanimously  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the 
church  as  the  successor  of  Rev.  Dr.  Spencer  H. 
Cone.  This  call  he  accepted,  and  a  few  weeks  after 
his  graduation,  in  -Juh',  1857,  was  ordained.  "With 
the  most  brilliant  prospects  before  him,  and  in  the 
midst  of  a  career  of  usefulness  such  as  few  young 
ministers  are  permitted  to  see,  he  was  suddenly 


REV.    AUNER    KINGMAX    XOTT. 

called  to  his  reward  while  bathing  near  Perth  Am- 
boy,  N.  -J.,  July  8,  1859.     His  goodness,  intellect- 


NOTT 


859 


NOVA   SCOTIA 


ual  powers,  and  eloquence  gave  him  immense  pop- 
ularity in  New  York  City,  and  made  his  death  a 
public  calamity. 

Nott,  Rev.  Richard  M.,  died  at  Wakefield, 
Mass.,  Dec.  21,  1880,  alter  .several  months  of  suf- 
fering from  extreme  nervou.s  prostration.  He  was 
born  in  Nashua,  N.  H.,  in  March,  1831,  where  his 
father.  Rev.  Handel  G.  Nott,  was  then  a  prominent 
Congregational  minister,  settled  over  the  leading 
church  in  that  rapidly-growing  place,  from  which 
situation  he  retired  a  few  year.s  later  upon  becoming 
a  Baptist,  in  which  character  his  first  settlement 
was  over  the  Federal  Street,  now  Clarendon  Street, 
Baptist  church,  Boston.  At  the  age  of  eleven 
years  Richard  was  converted,  and  soon  after  bap- 
tized by  his  father.  He  graduated  at  Waterville 
College  when  about  nineteen  years  old.  During 
the  next  five  years  he  taught  school  in  Red  Creek, 
N.  Y.,  three  year.s,  and  Calais,  Me.,  two  years. 
Then  he  entered  the  theological  seminary  at  Roch- 
ester, where  he  graduated  in  1859,  and  entered 
immediately  upon  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Bap- 
tist church  in  Rochester,  N.  Y..  to  which  he  had 
been  called  several  months  before  his  graduation. 
In  this  important  position  he  continued  six  years. 
During  this  time  he  wrote  the  exceedingly  inter- 
esting memoir  of  his  younger  brother,  A.  Kingman 
Nott,  who  suddenly  closed  in  death  a  most  brilliant 
earthly  career  in  July,  1859,  while  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  New  York  City.  At  length 
his  health  failed,  and  his  appreciating  people  sent 
him  abroad  for  recuperation,  but  he  never  regained 
the  physical  vigor  then  lost.  After  his  return  from 
his  foreign  tour,  having  resigned  at  Rochester,  he 
labored  three  years  at  Atlanta,  Ga.,  where  he  was 
successful  in  gathering  what  is  now  the  Second 
Baptist  church  in  that  city.  Next  he  was  pastor 
of  the  church  in  Aurora,  111.,  three  years.  In 
1872  he  was  called  to  the  pastoral  charge  of  the 
church  in  Wakefield,  Mass.,  which  he  accepted  and 
held  about  two  years,  when  he  resigned  ;  but  he 
continued  to  reside  there  until  his  death,  supplying 
most  of  the  time  since  his  resignation  the  church 
in  Brookville,  formerly  South  Randolph,  where  his 
labors  were  highly  valued,  and  a  good  work  was 
done  by  him.  In  the  summer  of  1880  his  health 
so  failed  that  he  was  obliged  to  abandon  his  sup- 
ply at  Brookville,  and  also  his  valuable  work  in 
the  Sunday-school  department  of  The  Wntchmaii, 
the  "Lesson  Helps,"  which  were  very  satisfac- 
torily prepared  by  him.  After  this  he  gradu- 
ally declined,  till  his  earthly  end  was  reached  at 
the  age  of  nearly  fifty  years.  He  was  a  superior 
scholar  and  a  clear  thinker.  His  early  promise  was 
uncommon.  Few  men  were  his  equals  in  critical 
scholarship  and  logical  acumen.  He  would  have 
graced  a  position  as  a  professor  or  president  of  a 
college  or  a  theological  institution.     In  the  Boston 


Ministers'  Meeting,  which  he  constantly  attended, 
he  was  justly  esteemed  as  a  most  serviceable  mem- 
ber. Probably  there  was  no  place  during  the  last 
five  or  six  years  of  his  life  in  which  he  appeared  to 
better  advantage  than  there.  His  utterances  were 
real  contributions,  the  great  worth  of  which  was 
readily  conceded  by  all  his  brethren,  among  whom 
he  is  greatly  missed. 

Nova  Scotia,  New  Brunswick,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  and  Newfoundland,  Historical 
Sketch  of  the  Baptists  in. — From  the  cession  of 
Acadia, — Nova  Scotia  and  New  Brunswick  were 
originally  included  under  this  designation, — by 
France  to  Great  Britain,  in  1713  till  1776,  when 
Henry  Alline,  the  celebrated  New  Light  preacher, 
entered  on  his  fervid,  trumpet-toned,  evangelistic 
ministry,  a  dead  formalism  in  religion  almost  uni- 
versally prevailed  in  those  [jrovinces,  with  only 
here  and  there  a  faint  glimmer  of  evangelical  doc- 
trine and  spiritual  experience. 

But  amid  this  moral  desolation  three  or  four 
Baptist  ministers  appeared  almost  simultaneously 
in  Acadia, —  Rev.  John  Sutton,  with  a  company  of 
emigrants  from  New  Jersey,  settled  at  Newport, 
Nova  Scotia,  in  1760,  and  there  preached  and  bap- 
tized converts,  and  Daniel  Dimock  also.  Rev. 
James  Sutton,  brother  of  John,  was  also  at  New- 
port. Rev.  Ebenezer  Moulton,  of  South  Brimfield, 
Mass.,  came  with  the  first  settlers  to  Yarmouth, 
Nova  Scotia,  in  1761,  and  preached  among  them, 
and  baptized  a  Mrs.  Burgess,  and  probably  other 
converts  ;  and  his  preaching  subsequently  in  Ilor- 
ton.  Nova  Scotia,  was  attended  with  great  success. 
Rev.  Nathan  Mason,  with  a  number  of  Baptists  in 
church  order,  emigrated  from  South  Swanzey, 
Mass.,  and  settled  at  Sackville,  New  Brunswick, 
in  1763.  No  church,  however,  appears  to  have 
been  formed  here  by  either  of  them,  and  in  a  few 
years  they  returned  to  their  own  country. 

In  1776,  Henry  Alline  came  forth  from  obscurity 
like  John  the  Baptist  to  prepare  the  way  of  the 
Lord  ;  many  were  converted  under  his  ministry, 
and  churches,  composed  of  Baptists  and  Pcdobap- 
tists,  were  formed.  The  time,  however,  soon  came 
for  a  distinct  Baptist  movement. 

The  pioneer  Baptist  church  of  the  Maritime 
Provinces  was  formed  of  ten  mcinbers,  at  Ilorton, 
Nova  Scotia,  Oct.  29,  1778.  Rev.  Nicholas  Pier- 
son,  one  of  their  number,  was  ordained  as  their 
pastor  Nov.  5,  1778.  The  Second  Baptist  church 
in  the  provinces  was  formed  at  Halifax,  Nova 
Scotia,  in  1795,  Rev.  John  Burton  being  pastor. 
The  Third  church  was  organized  at  Newport,  Nova 
Scotia,  in  August,  1799;  and  the  Fourth  Baptist 
church  was  organized  at  Sackville,  New  Bruns- 
wick, in  October,  1799,  Rev.  Joseph  Crandall  being 
ordained  their  pastor.  Six  others  must  have  been 
formed  previous  to  1800. 


NOVA    SCOTIA 


860 


NOVA   SCOTIA 


The  Nova  Scotia  and  New  Brunswick  Baptist  As- 
sociation, the  first  in  these  provinces,  was  formed 
at  Lower  Granville,  Nova  Scotja,  June  23,  1800, 
and  comprised  ten  churches, — Upper  Granville, 
Lower  Granville,  Digby,  Digby  Neck,  Yarmouth, 
Cornwallis,  Horton,  Newport,  Chester,  and  Sack- 
ville.  Mixed  communion  was  allowed  for  a  time 
in  some  of  these  churches,  but  was  soon  discon- 
tinued. 

The  ministers  who  united  in  forming  this  Asso- 
ciation were  Thomas  Handley  Chipman,  James 
Manning,  Enoch  Towner,  Harris  Harding,  Edward 
Manning,  Theodore  Seth  Harding,  Joseph  Dimock, 
and  Joseph  Crandall. 

These  churches,  located  thus  widely  apart  in  the 
two  provinces,  were  true  Baptist  Christian  centres, 
whence  spiritual  knowledge  and  influence  were  dif- 
fused through  the  surrounding  communities  ;  and 
the  ministers  were  true  watchmen  and  evangelists, 
who  bore  abroad  the  torch  of  divine  truth  and  the 
message  of  the  gospel. to  guide  the  perishing  to 
Christ. 

The  Baptist  denomination,  whose  origin  in  these 
provinces  has  now  been  briefly  traced,  is  a  large 
and  influential  body ;  and  the  movements  and 
events  which  will  now  be  mentioned  will  indicate 
its  progress,  and  also,  the  means  of  its  further  ex- 
pansion. 

Organized  home  missionary  efforts  were  ori- 
ginated at  the  meeting  of  the  Nova  Scotia  and  New 
Brunswick  Association  in  1815,  and  were  immedi- 
ately followed  by  the  most  encouraging  success,  and 
home  mission  work  has  ever  since  been  carried 
oil  in  Nova  Scotia  and  New  Brunswick  with  great 
spiritual  results. 

The  Nova  Scotia  and  New  Brunswick  Associa- 
tion, composed  of  31  churches,  with  1827  members, 
and  22  ministers,  was  divided  into  two  in  1821,  the 
churches  in  Nova  Scotia  forming  one  Association, 
and  those  in  New  Brunswick  forming  the  other. 
As  in  1810  the  membership  of  the  Association  was 
924,  the  above  figures  show  that  it  was  nearly 
doubled  in  eleven  years. 

In  1825,  Rev.  Dr.  Tupper,  from  Nova  Scotia,  and 
Rev.  Joseph  Crandall,  from  New  Brunswick,  evan- 
gelized on  Prince  Edward  Island,  and  were  the  first 
associated  Baptist  ministers  to  labor  in  that  gem 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  though  Rev.  A.  Crawford,  a 
Scotch  Baptist,  had  successfully  commenced  opera- 
tions there  as  early  as  1811. 

In  1825,  1826,  and  1838,  Rev.  Joseph  Dimock 
evangelized  for  several  months  in  Cape  Breton,  and 
with  the  happiest  results.  Now  our  home  mis-, 
sionary  enterprise  is  one  of  the  most  interesting 
and  important  of  the  denomination,  and  the  field  is 
as  large  as  the  three  provinces  and  Newfoundland. 

The  use  of  the  press  for  denominational  and 
Christian    purposes    indicates    life    and    progress. 


The  Nova  Scotia  and  New  Brunswick  Baptist 
Magazine  was  commenced  in  St.  John,  New  Bruns- 
wick, in  1827,  and  continued  to  be  the  organ  of  the 
denomination  in  the  provinces  till  1836,  when  the 
Christian  Messenger,  puhWshci  weekly  at  Halifax, 
Nova  Scotia,  took  its  place. 

In  1847  the  Christian  Visitor  was  issued  ak  St. 
John,  New  Brunswick,  as  the  organ  of  the  denomi- 
nation in  that  province.  Both  these  papers  con- 
tinue as  Baptist  organs,  and  have  been  very  influ- 
ential in  promoting  denominational  interests. 

Education. — The  Baptist  Association  at  Horton 
in  1828  adopted  measures  for  establishing  an  insti- 
tution of  learning  for  our  j-outh,  and  especially 
with  a  view  to  the  proper  training  of  young  men 
called  of  God  to  the  gospel  ministry  ;  and  as  a  re- 
sult Horton  Academy  was  opened  in  May,  1829, 
with  more  than  40  pupils,  under  charge  of  Rev. 
Asahel  Chapin  as  principal. 

In  1833  the  New  Brunswick  Baptist  Association 
originated  a  similar  movement ;  and  as  a  result  the 
Baptist  Seminary  at  Fredericton  was  opened  in 
January,  1836,  with  Rev.  F.  W.  Miles  as  principal. 

In  the  autumn  of  1838  circumstances  in  Nova 
Scotia  impelled  the  Baptists  to  make  a  further  ad- 
vance in  the  work  of  higher  education  ;  and  Acadia 
College  sprung  from  the  resolve  then  taken,  and  was 
opened  in  January,,  1839,  with  Rev.  E.  A.  Craw- 
ley and  Rev.  John  Pryor  as  professors,  to  which 
Prof.  Isaac  Chipman  was  added  a  j'ear  later,  and 
continued  his  valuable  services  until  he  was  drowned 
in  the  basin  of  the  Minas,  in  June,  1852.  Notwith- 
standing opposition,  difiiculties,  and  loss,  Acadia 
College  has  grown  and  attained  a  leading  position 
among  the  colleges  of  these  provinces.  It  has  now 
an  endowment  of  §84,112.46,  with  other  sources  of 
income,  and  six  professors,  with  Rev.  Dr.  Sawyer 
as' president.  Though  the  college  building  at 
Wolfville  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  December,  1877, 
a  new  edifice  soon  adorned  College  Hill,  flanked  on 
the  east  by  Acadia  Seminary,  a  high  school  for 
young  ladies,  and  b}'  Horton  Collegiate  Academy 
on  the  west.  The  Baptists  of  New  Brunswick  and 
Prince  Edward  Island  have  an  equal  share  with 
tliose  of  Nova  Scotia  in  the  ownership  and  govern- 
ment of  these  institutions. 

foreign  Missions. — The  organized  movement  to 
send  out  missionaries  to  the  heathen  world  com- 
menced, like  that  for  home  missions  in  1815,  at 
Chester  in  1838,  and  in  this  action  the  New  Bruns- 
wick Baptist  Association  cordially  concurred,  and 
Rev.  R.  E.  Burpe,  of  the  latter  province,  was  ac- 
cordingly sent  out  to  Burraah  in  1845  by  the  Bap- 
tists of  these  provinces, — their  first  missionary  to  the 
heathen.  The  denomination  has  now  four  missions 
established  among  the  Toloogoos,  with  native 
preachers  and  assistants,  under  the  direction  of  the 
missionaries. 


NOVA   SCOTIA 


861 


NO  V ATI  AN  S 


The  New  Brunswick  Baptist  Association,  com- 
prising 50  churches,  witii  48()G  members,  and  29 
ministers,  was  divided  in  KS47  into  two  Associa- 
tions,— the  Eastern  and  Western.  The  figures  in- 
dicate an  increase  of  over  ninefold  in  the  member- 
ship of  that  body  in  twenty-five  years. 

Tiie  Nova  Scotia  Baptist  Association,  comprising 
72  ciiurciies,  with  S'.ldT  luciiibcrs,  and  54  ministers, 
was  also  divided  in  1850  into  three  Associations, — 
the  Western,  Central,  and  Eastern. 

In  July,  1868,  the  Prince  Edward  Island  Baptist 
Association  was  organized,  with  13  churches,  con- 
taining a  inenibersliip  of  600,  dismissed  for  the  pur- 
pose from  the  Nova  Scotia  Eastern  Association, 
and  the  membership  of  the  denomination  in  that 
island  is  1622,  or  nearly  three  times  what  it  was 
twelve  years  ago. 

Union. — The  leaders  of  the  Baptist  denomina- 
tion in  these  provinces  provided  for  tlie  union  of 
all  the  churches  and  Associations  in  denominational 
work,  and  through  their  wise  forethought  the  Bap- 
tist Convention  of  Nova  Scotia,  New  Brunswick, 
and  Prince  Edward  Island  was  organized  in  the 
city  of  St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  in  September, 
1846.  This  Convention  is  now  the  most  influential 
of  tlie  Baptist  organizations  in  the  Maritime  Prov- 
inces. To  its  direction  and  management  are  com- 
mitted the  great  public  benevolent  enterprises  of 
the  denomination, — home  missions,  education,. and 
foreign  missions, — and  the  greatest  care  is  exer- 
cised to  conduct  matters  wisely  and  efficiently,  and 
yet  not  to  intrench  on  great  denominational  prin- 
ciples. 

Revivals  of  a  genuine  type  have  all  along  been 
a  vast  means  of  growth,  and  they  are  still  needed  to 
promote  healthful  enlargement.  Our  churches  and 
denomination  should  aspire  wisely  and  well  to  re- 
alize the  highest  ideal  of  Christian  life,  activity,  and 
progress. 

Newfoundland. — There  are  a  few  Baptists  on 
this  great  island,  but  no  Baptist  church  or  minister. 
Revs.  J.  B.  McDonald,  M.D.,  and  George  Arm- 
strong, spent  a  few  weeks  in  missionary  work  there 
in  1875,  and  Rev.  George  Armstrong  evangelized 
for  nine  weeks  in  1879. 

The  following  figures  show  the  numerical  pro- 
gress of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  the  Maritime 
Provinces  for  the  past  eighty  years  : 


Tear. 

Churches. 

Ministers. 

Members. 

1800 

1810 

10 
14 

29 
70 
115 

260 
257 
356 

8 
9 
19 
40 
64 

139 
145 
195 

*600 
924 

1820 

1,785 
4,63;i 
9,041 
13,773 
21,579 
27,460 
36,700 

1830 

1840 

18.10 

1860 

1870 

1880 

*  About. 


Novatians,  The. — Novatian,  the  distinguished 
founder  of  the  (•(immunity  tliat  bore  his  name,  is 
known  among  Greek  ecclesiastical  writers  as  No- 
vatus.  He  was  not  Novatus  of  Carthage,  a  pres- 
byter of  that  city,  who  sorely  vexed  the  imperious 
soul  of  Cyprian,  and  who  came  to  Rome  and  united 
with  Novatian  in  efforts  to  maintain  gospel  purity 
in  the  churches. 

Novatian,  before  he  professed  conversion,  was  a 
philosopher  of  remarkable  ability,  culture,  (elo- 
quence, and  powers  of  persuasion  ;  he  was  a  nat- 
ural leader  of  men.  When  attacked  by  a  danger- 
ous disease,  from  which  death  was  apprehended, 
in  accordance  with  th(!  opinion  then  commonly 
held  by  Christians,  it  was  judged  that  he  should 
be  baptized  to  make  heaven  certain,  and,  as  his 
weakness  rendered  immersion  impossible  without 
risking  his  immediate  death,  he  was  subjected,  on 
his  couch,  to  a  profuse  application  of  water.  We 
are  not  informed  that  Novatian  desired  this  cere- 
mony himself,  without  any  persuasions  from  iiis 
alarmed  friends.  The  writer  was  once  sent  for  to 
see  a  dying  lady,  and,  after  praying  with  her,  was 
earnestly  pressed  by  a  follower  of  Irish  Romanism, 
the  perverted  faith  of  St.  Patrick  the  Baptist.  "  to 
regineraie  her;"  he  declined  to  e.xercise  the  powers 
of  the  Sjiirit  of  God  and  the  functions  of  a  Pcdo- 
baptist  minister;  had  he  yielded,  the  lady  was  in  a 
condition  in  which  she  could  not  be  held  responsi- 
ble for  the  act.  And  it  is  not  improbable  that  this 
was  the  situation  of  Novatian.  He  was  spared  by 
the  providence  of  God  for  a  mighty  work  in  tlie 
churches,  and  when  restored  to  health  he  l)ecame 
very  active  in  advancing  the  interests  of  (,'hristian- 
ity  in  Rome. 

At  that  period  the  church,  in  the  capital  of  the 
world,  as  Eusebius  records,  had  46  presbyters,  14 
deacons  and  subdeacons,  50  minor  ecclesiastical 
officials,  and  widows  and  sick  and  indigent  per- 
sons, numbering  in  all  1500,  whose  support  had  to 
be  provided  for.  And  partly  to  assist  in  bearing 
this  burden,  but  chiefly  through  alack  of  faith  and 
of  complete  consecration  to  God.  the  door  of  the 
church  was  kept  very  wide  for  the  admission  of 
unconverted  ])rofessors,  and  when  these  persons 
betrayed  the  Saviour  by  sacrificing  to  idols  in 
times  of  persecution,  their  conduct  was  e.\cused 
by  their  lax  brethren  ;  and  the  excommunication, 
necessarily  pronounced  upon  them  immediately 
after  their  apostasy,  was  speedilj'  removed. 

Cornelius,  a  Roman  presbyter,  with  an  eager  eye 
to  the  support  to  be  gathered  from  restored  apos- 
tates, strongly  advocated  their  forgiveness  by  the' 
church.  Novatian  very  strenuously  resisted  it; 
and  when  a  successor  to  Bishop  Fabianus  was  to 
be  elected,  Cornelius  was  properly  made  a  prede- 
cessor of  a  long  line  of  coming  popes,  who  loved 
gold  more  than  anything  in  the  Christian  religion. 


NOVATIANS 


862 


NOVATIANS 


Novatian  was  condemned  by  Cornelius  and  by  all 
his  episcopal  friends ;  and  the  bishop  of  Rome 
sent  letters  everywhere,  bringing  the  most  grievous 
charges  against  him,  and  giving  the  names  and  po- 
sitions of  the  bishops  who  united  with  him. in  his 
efforts  to  crush  the  first  great  reformer. 

Novatian  had  been  made  a  presbyter  by  Fabianus 
against  the  custom  of  the  church,  for,  as  Corne- 
lius says,  in  Eusebius,*  "  It  was  not  lawful  that  one 
baptized  in  his  sick-bed  by  aspersion,  as  he  was, 
should  be  promoted  to  any  order  of  the  clergy.  .  .  . 
If,  indeed,  it  be  proper  to  say  that  one  like  him  did 
receive  baptism."  But  this  only  shows  his  extra- 
ordinary talents  and  influence. 

After  Cornelius  became  bishop  Novatian  was 
elevated  to  the  same  office  by  three  Italian  bishops, 
and  at  once  founded  the  purer  community,  for  whose 
advancement  he  labored  with  great  success  until 
martyrdom  removed  him  from  the  j)resence  of 
wicked  church  members  in  full  ecclesiastical 
standing. 

Among  the  charges  brought  by  Cornelius  against 
Novatian,  a  list  of  which  can  be  found  in  Eusebius, 
was  an  accusation  of  covrardice  for  refusing  to  per- 
form the  duties  of  his  ministerial  office  in  a  time 
of  persecution.  Novatian  set  up  a  new  community 
in  defiance  of  Cornelius  and  of  nearly  all  the  Chris- 
tian bishops  on  earth  ;  'and  in  this  he  showed  un- 
usual courage.  Opposition  to  the  treachery,  charged 
upon  himself  by  Cornelius,  was  the  chief  instrument 
which  he  used  to  establish  his  pure  church,  and  it 
is  not  in  human  nature  to  believe  that  any  man 
could  found  a  new  community  in  Rome  itself  by 
denunciations  of  a  cowardly  crime  of  which  he 
himself  had  given  a  conspicuous  example.  Besides, 
he  left  the  world  as  a  martyr. 

It  was  customary  in  the  time  of  Ambrose,  when 
the  minister  distributed  the  Lord's  Supper  to  the 
faithful,  to  say,  "  The  body  of  Christ,"  and  the  re- 
cipient answered,  "  Amen."t  Cornelius,  in  the 
same  calumnious  letter  in  Eusebius,  states  that 
Novatian,  when  he  gave  a  portion  of  the  Eucharist 
to  a  communicant,  instead  of  permitting  him  to 
say  "  Amen,"  according  to  the  usage  no  doubt 
then  in  existence,  seized  his  hand  in  both  of  his 
hands,  before  he  pavtook  of  the  symbolic  bread, 
s,nd  :;:a.dc  him  "  sv/ear  by  the  body  and  blood  of 
our  Saviour,  Jetus  Christ,  that  he  would  never  de- 
sert him,  nor  turn  to  Cornelius."  This  story  carries 
its  own  refutation  ;  the  idea  that  the  founder  of 
the  purest  Christian  community  then  in  existence 
should  resort  to  such  an  infamous  procedure  is  sim- 
ply-incredible. Cornelius,  in  the  same  connection. 
makes  slanderous  statements  about  the  extraordi- 
nary ambition  of  Novatian,  which  have  come  down 
to  us  through  the  "  Ecclesiastical  History"  of  Euse- 

*  Eccles,  Hist.,  lib.  vi.  cap  43. 

f  Anibi'03.  l)e  Siiciam.,  lib,  iv.  cap. 5. 


bius :  and  his  vanity  is  frequently  given  as  the  mo- 
tive that  led  to  his  assumption  of  the  bishop's  office, 
and  to  the  reformation  inaugurated  by  Novatian. 

The  Novatians  called  themselves  Kathari,  or 
Puritans.  The  corner-stone  of  the  denomination 
was  purity  of  church  membership.  Novatian 
charged  Cornelius  and  his  followers  with  dishonor- 
ing the  church  of  God,  and  destroying  its  divine 
character  by  admitting  apostates  into  its  member- 
ship. He  maintained  that  those  who  had  sacri- 
ficed to  the  idols  to  save  their  lives  should  never  be 
permitted  to  come  to  the  Lord's  table  again.  This 
theory  became  popular  with  the  saintly  heroes  and 
heroines,  who  suffered  terribly  at  the  hands  of 
Christ's  persecuting  enemies,  but  whose  lives  were 
spared.  And  all  true  Christians  felt  a  strong  lean- 
ing towards  the  holy  religion  advocated  and  exhib- 
ited by  Novatian  and  his  followers.  Socrates, J  a 
candid  and  intelligent  Greek  historian,  says,  "  No- 
vatus  (Novatian),  a  presbyter  of  the  Romish  Church, 
separated  from  it  because  Cornelius,  the  bishop, 
received  into  communion  believers  who  had  sacri- 
ficed (to  idols)  during  the  persecution  which  the 
emperor  Decius  had  raised  against  the  church.  .  .  . 
On  being  afterwards  elevated  to  the  episcopacy  by 
such  prelates  as  entertained  similar  sentiments,  he 
wrote  to  all  the  churches,  insisting  that  they  should 
not  admit  to  the  sacred  mysteries  those  who  had 
sacrificed  (to  idols),  b'ut  exhorting  them  to  repent- 
ance, leave  the  pardon  of  their  offense  to  God,  who 
has  the  power  to  forgive  all  sin,. .  .  .  The  exclusion 
of  those  who,  after  baptism,  had  committed  any 
deadly  sin  from  the  mysteries  appeared  to  some 
a  cruel  and  merciless  course ;  but  others  thought 
it  just  and  necessary  for  the  maintenance  of  disci- 
pline, and  the  promotion  of  greater  devotedness  of 
life.  In  the  midst  of  the  agitation  of  this  important 
ques^tion  letters  arrived  from  Cornelius  the  bishop 
promising  indulgence  to  delinquents  after  baptism. 
.  .  .  Those  who  had  pleasure  in  sin,  encouraged  by 
the  license  thus  granted  them,  took  occasion  from  it 
to  revel  in  everj*  species  of  criminality."  The  No- 
vatians permanently  excluded  from  their  commu- 
nity all  who  were  guilty  of  deadly  sins  and  second 
marriages,  as  well  as  those  who  sacrificed  to  idols 
to  save  their  lives :  and  they  regarded  the  cliurch 
universal  as  having  lost  the  character  of  a  church 
of  Christ  by  receiving  such  persons  into  her  mem- 
bership. As  a  result  of  this  conviction  they  bap- 
tized again  all  who  came  from  the  old  church  to 
them.  Their  baptism  was  immersion,  the  "pour- 
ing around"  of  Novatian  on  his  sick-bed  is  the' 
only  transaction  of  that  kind  in  their  history  now 
known  ;  and  as  thoir  leader  suffered  so  much  from 
the  unscriptural  performance, .  his  followers  had 
little  encouragement  to  imitate  such  an  unfortunate 
example. 

X  Eccles.  Hist.,  lib.  It.  cap.  28. 


NOVATIANS 


863 


NUGENT 


The  general  doctrines  of  the  Novatians  were  in 
perfect  harmony  with  those  received  hy  the  church 
universal ;  they  only  diifered  from  it  on  questions 
of  discipline,  and  chiefly  on  the  great  subject  of 
consecration  to  God. 

It  is  creditable  to  the  piety  of  tiie  centuries 
during  which  the  Novatians  existed  that  great 
numbers  of  Christians  adopted  their  sentiments 
and  their  fold ;  though  hated,  wickedly  calumni- 
ated, and  fiercely  persecuted  for  a  long  time,  they 
spread,  and  they  found  adherents  not  only  in  rural 
regions,  but  in  great  cities  and  in  the  palaces  of 
the  emperor.  Speaking  of  the  law  of  Constantino 
the  (ireat  by  which  heretics  were  forbidden  to 
meet  "in  their  own  houses  of  prayer,  in  private 
houses,  or  in  public  places,  but  were  compelled  to 
enter  into  communion  with  the  church  universal," 
Sozomen  says,  "  The  Novatians  alone,  who  had  ob- 
tained good  leaders,  and  who  entertained  the  same 
opinions  respecting  the  divinity  as  the  Catholic 
Church,  formed  a  large  sect  from  the  beginning,  and 
were  not  decreased  in  point  of  numbers  by  this  law. 
The  emperor,  I  believe,  relaxed  the  rigor  of  the 
enactment  in  their  favor.  .  .  .  Acesius,  who  was 
then  the  bishop  of  the  Novatians  in  Constantinople, 
was  much  esteemed  by  the  emperor  on  account  of 
his  virtuous  life.''* 

Novatian  himself  was  a  man  of  fervent  piety ; 
and  his  life  after  his  conversion  was  above  re- 
proach, unless  when  accusations  came  from  a 
calumniator  whose  charges  were  incapable  of 
proof.  He  was  the  author  of  works  on  "The 
Passover,"'  "Circumcision,''  "The  Sabbath," 
"High-Priests,"  "The  Trinity,"  and  on  other 
subjects.  He  had  many  distinguished  men  among 
his  disciples.  His  community  spread  very  widely, 
and  enjoyed  special  prosperity  in  Phrygia  ;  but  de- 
clined rapidly  in  the  fifth  century.  The  Novatians, 
as  a  people,  were  an  honor  to  Christianity,  and 
their  teachings  and  example  exercised  a  powerful 
restraint  upon  the  growing  corruptions  of  the  old 
church. 

The  Novatians  commenced  their  denominational 
life  when  the  baptism  of  an  unconscious  })abe  was 
unknown  outside  of  Africa;  and  there  it  had  a  lim- 
ited, if  not  a  doubtful,  existence.  Indeed,  if  a  cel- 
ebrated letter  of  Cyprian,  about  a  council  of  bish- 
ops, said  to  have  been  hold  in  Carthage  half  a  dozen 
years  after  Novatian  set  up  his  banner  of  church 
purity,  be  a  forgery,  and  the  supposition  is  by  no 
means  an  improbable  one,  unconscious  infant  bap- 
tism has  no  proof  of  its  existence  in  the  literature 
of  the  world.  The  infant  rite,  according  to  the  let- 
ter of  Cyprian  just  referred  to,  had  Cyprian  for  its 
patron,  and  as  he  had  shown  the  utmost  hostil- 
ity to  Novatian,  he  and  his  followers  would  not  be 

*  Eccles.  Hist,,  lib.  ii.  cap.  32. 


very  eager  to  adopt  a  ceremony  of  which  his  letter, 
if  genuine,  shows  that  he  was  the  special  friend. 
These  considerations,  together  with  the  holiness  of 
life  demanded  by  Novatian  churches,  have  led 
many  persons  to  regard  them  as  Baptists.  Of  the 
truth  of  this  opinion  in  the  early  history  of  this 
people  there  can  be  no  doubt;  and  that  the  ma- 
jority of  their  churches  baptized  only  instructed 
persons  to  the  end  of  their  history  is  in  the  highest 
degree  probable. 

No'Wrlill,  Rev.  David  W.,  was  bom  in  Pittsyl- 
vania Co.,  Va.,  April  11,  1812,  and  died  in  Mont- 
gomery Co.,  iMo..  Oct.  17,  1865.  He  was  educated 
for  the  bar,  and  was  noted  for  clear  views  of  the 
law,  and  for  a  sound  judgment.  He  taught  the 
Bible  in  his  schools  where  he  gave  instructions  in 
science,  because  he  believed  it  to  be  the  foundation 
of  sound  civil  law.  Hence  when  he  was  converted 
he  was  familiar  with  Scriptural  knowledge.  He 
found  the  Saviour  in  1849,  under  the  preaching  of 
Rev.  William  Vardeman,  by  whom  he  was  baptized, 
in  November,  1851,  into  the  fellowship  of  Zion 
church.  In  1856  he  was  ordained  by  Revs.  Jas.  E. 
Welch,  W.  Vardeman,  and  the  venerable  J.  T. 
Johnson.  Mr.  Nowlin's  culture,  talent,  and  piety 
made  him  exceedingly  acceptable  as  a  preacher. 
He  was  frequently  moderator  of  his  Association. 
He  was  honored  and  loved  as  a  faithful  and  suc- 
cessful minister  of  Jesus. 

Nugent,  Deacon  E.  J.,  was  born  on  the  13th  of 
March,  1,S12,  near  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  grew  to 
the  age  of  sixteeti  and  a  half  years  without  religious 
training.  In  the  year  1831  a  lady  invited  him  to  ac- 
company her  to  hear  a  sermon  in  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Philadelphia.  A  stranger.  Rev.  N.  Col- 
ver,  preached,  and  for  the  first  time  in  his  life  he 
was  awakened  to  an  alarming  consciousness  of  his 
sinfulness,  and  was  so  exercised  that  he  could  not 
work  for  several  days.  He  was  enabled  through 
grace  to  repent  of  sin  and  to  embrace  Jesus  Christ 
by  a  living  faith,  and  was  baptized  by  the  pastor,  W. 
T.  Brantly,  Sr.,  D.D.,  with  thirty-one  others,  in  the 
river  Delaware.  He  was  immediately  set  to  work 
as  a  teacher  in  the  Sunday-school,  where  he  served 
the  church  for  some  years.  At  this  period  he  was 
led  to  consider  seriously  the  impropriety  of  using 
intoxicating  liquors  as  a  beverage,  and  he  has  been 
an  earnest  advocate  of  the  cause  of  temperance 
ever  since.  He  regarded  the  Lord's  day  as  a  sacred 
time  for  moral  and  religious  improvement,  bodily 
rest  and  recuperation,  and  under  the  influence  of 
this  view  he  was  early  led  to  fixed  habits  of  con- 
stant attendance  upon  the  social  and  public  worship  ■ 
of  God.  In  connection  with  others  he  conducted 
religious  services  in  the  suburbs  of  the  city.  In 
March,  1835,  he  removed  to  Springfield,  0.  Mr. 
Nugent  assisted  in  organizing  a  Baptist  prayer- 
meeting  and  Sunday-school,  and  in  January,  1837. 


NUGENT 


864 


NUGENT 


a  church  was  formed  consisting  of  thirteen  mem- 
bers, of  which  he  was  chosen  a  deacon.  The  church 
continued  public  worship,  meeting  in  school-houses 
until  permitted  to  worship  in  ah  old  court-house, 
where,  in  the  year  1841,  a  series  of  meetings  was 
commenced,  resulting  in  the  first  great  revival  ever 
experienced  in  the  town.  Over  100  were  converted, 
about  50  of  whom  joined  the  Baptist  church.  The 
deacon,  with  a  few  others,  was  engaged  in  con- 
ducting meetings  for  prayer  and  exhortation  in 
country  school-houses,  thereby  creating  an  interest 
in  the  farming  community  for  the  Baptist  church. 
This  custom,  under  the  blessing  of  God,  was  the 
secret  of  the  remarkable  growth  and  influence  of 
this  church.  The  deacon  afterward  wrote  a  history 
of  the  church. 

About  this  time  he  asked  a  young  Presbyterian 
brother  whom  he  had  heard  declare  that  infant 
baptism  was  taught  in  the  Scriptures.to  point  out 
to  him  some  of  the  proof  texts,  and  promised  to 
pay  him  handsomely  for  his  time  if  he  would  pro- 
duce them.  But  the  young  man  never  demanded 
the  reward.  Conversations  were  continued  on  the 
subject  for  several  months,  resulting  in  his  union 
with  the  Baptist  Church.  On  the  day  he  was  bap- 
tized he  preached  a  sermon  on  the  subject  of  bap- 
tism, giving  reasons  for  his  change  of  views,  and 
was  baptized  in  Buck's'Creekby  Rev.  J.  L.  Moore, 
and  was  licensed  to  preach  the  gospel  by  the  Bap- 
tist Church.  That  yoiihg  man  is  now  the  beloved 
and  honored  superintendent  of  Baptist  Missions 
of  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  Rev.  James  French. 
The  deacon  was  either  a  teacher  or  superintendent 
of  the  Sunday-school  during  his  residence  in  the 
place.  When  it  became  possible  for  the  church  at 
Springfield  to  build  a  house,  he  was  appointed  on  a 
building  committee  of  two,  and  they  succeeded  in 
erecting  a  very  commodious  brick  church  edifice 
and  parsonage.  Mr.  Nugent  continued  his  mem- 
bership there  until  the  church  numbered  over  300. 

In  1852  he  removed  to  Marysville,  0.  There 
being  no  Baptist  church  in  the  town,  and  only  four 
Baptists,  he  commenced  prayer-meetings  in  private 
houses. 

In  the  month  of  March,  1865,  he  and  his  family 
removed  to  Ottawa,  Kansas.  The  next  day  after 
reaching  Ottawa  was  the  Lord's  day,  and  the  deacon 
went  to  the  Baptist  Sunday-school  and  into  the 
young  men's  Bible-class.  On  the  following  Sab- 
bath he  was  appointed  teacher  of  the  same  class. 
At  the  time  he  arrived  in  Ottawa  the  Baptist  church 
had  no  edifice.  The  question  of  building  one  was 
discussed,  and  he  was  appointed  on  tlie  building 
committee.  A  house  was  completed  at  a  cost  of 
$3700.  In  1872  he  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the 
Kansas  Legislature.  He  was  also  chosen  to  several 
offices  of  trust  and  honor  in  his  own  city.  Mr. 
Nugent  has  led  a  godly  and  useful  life. 


Nugent,  Deacon  George,  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.,  May  3,  1809.  He  received  a  liberal 
education  in  Clermont  Academy,  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  city.     Many  of  his  fellow-students  have  risen 


DEACON    GEORGE    NUGENT. 

to  distinguished  positions;  among  these  may  be 
mentioned  the  Hon.  John  Welsh,  late  minister  to 
England.  His  father  was  George  Nugent,  a  highly 
respected  and  influential  merchant  of  Philadelphia. 

At  the  age  of  twenty-three  he  was  converted,  and 
from  careful  study  of  the  Scriptures  was  led  to  unite 
with  the  Lower  Merion  Baptist  church,  under  the 
pastoral  care  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Horatio  Gates  Jones, 
by  whom  he  was  baptized  in  1832.  From  that  time 
he  has  proved  himself  a  faithful  and  devoted  Chris- 
tian. He  has  been  a  deacon  for  more  than  forty 
years.  While  visiting  among  the  poor,  and  wit- 
nessing the  destitute  and  sad  condition  of  many 
aged  saints,  he  conceived  the  idea  of  a  home  for 
them.  This  thought  was  the  primal  inception  of 
the  Baptist  Home.  Originated  by  him,  it  has  also 
received  largely  of  his  gifts. 

He  has  been  a  member  of  the  boards  of  the 
American  Baptist  Publication  and  Historical  Soci- 
eties for  manj^  years,  and  has  also  lieen  long  iden- 
tified with  the  American  Sunday-School  Union  as 
chairman  of  its  Missionary  Committee.  He  has 
taken  great  interest  in  the  education  and  moral 
training  of  the  young.  Many  churches  have  shared 
in  his  practical  benevolence.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Second  Baptist  church,  German- 
town,  and  a  large  contributor  to  its  funds.  Of  tliis 
community  he  is  now  a  memlior. 


NUNNALLY 


865 


GATES 


Mr.  Nugent  is  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of 
Philailelphia, — public-spirited,  benevolent,  and  uni- 
versally respected. 

Xunnally,  Rev.  G.  A.,  was  born  in  Walton  Co., 
Ga.,  March  24,  1S41.  In  youth  lie  was  very  pre- 
cocnous.  At  fourteen  lie  entered  tiie  University 
of  Georgia,  and  was  the  youngest  graduate  that 
ever  received  a  diploma  at  the  State  University. 
Before  his  nineteenth  year  he  was  elected  Profes- 
sor of  Mathematics  in  Hamilton  College,  and  for 
ten  years  he  was  principal  of  Johnson  Female  In- 
stitute. He  entered  the  ministry  in  1865,  preiich- 
ing  in  the  same  field  for  eleven  years.  In  1876  he 
was  elected  pastor  of  the  Home  Baptist  church, 
which  position  he  still  holds.  He  is  a  trustee  of 
Mercer  University,  and,  though  young,  one  of  the 
most  influential  ministers  of  Georgia.  He  is  a  fine 
orator,  and  a  man  of  genius.  As  a  preacher  he  is 
surpassed  by  few,  and  as  a  worker  his  zeal,  energy, 
and  capacity  make  him  pre-eminent.  In  the  Ap- 
paiachee  Association,  of  which  he  was  formerly  a 
member,  his  influence  was  unbounded,  and  he  was 
frequently  its  moderator. 

Mr.  Nunnally  is  a  thorough  friend  of  education, 
missions,  and  the  Sunday-school,  and  he  is  pos- 
sessed of  great  administrative  ability.  His  tine 
command  of  language  and  brilliancy  of  intellect 


make  him  an  able  and  ready  debater,  and.  with  his 
zeal  and  earnestness,  give  iiim  great  influence  in 
our  denominational  gatiierings. 

Nutter,  Rev.  David,  a  useful  minister  in  Nova 
Scotia  and  New  Brunswick,  was  ordained  at  St. 
John,  New  Brunswick.  Jinu;  24,  1819;  organized 
the  Baptist  church  at  Windsor,  Nova  Scotia;  la- 
bored as  a  missionary  in  Canso,  (Jreysborough. 
atid  Antigonish  ;  organized  the  Uaptist  church  at 
Liverpool,  Nova  Scotia,  in  1821  ;  was  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Portland.  St.  John  ;  died  Jan. 
]5,  1873. 

Nutting,  James  Walton,  LL.D.,  was  one  of 

the  first  graduates  from  AV'iiulsor  College,  Nova 
Scotia  •,  was  bred  to  the  bar,  and  became  prothon- 
atory  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Nova  Scotia.  His 
conversion  vras  thorough  ;  he  was  baptized  at  Hal- 
ifax, 1827,  and  became  a  member  of  Granville  Street 
church  in  that  city  :  was  the  originator  of  the  sys- 
tem of  education  amcmg  the  Baptists  of  Nova  Scotia, 
which  took  form  at  the  Baptis^t  Association  at  Hor- 
ton  in  1828.  He  was  a  warm  friend  of  Horton 
Academy  and  Acadia  College;  was  co-editor  with 
Mr.  Ferguson  of  the  Christian  Messenger  until  his 
death,  in  1870,  aged  eighty-three  years.  Dr.  Nut- 
ting possessed  great  integrity  of  character,  and  was 
universally  belpved. 


O. 


Gates,  Rev.  Samuel,  charged  with  Murder 
for  Baptizing  a  Lady,  who  died  soon  after, 

was  a  minister  of  popular  talents,  and  a  disputant 
whom  it  was  better  for  antagonists  to  shun.  Visit- 
ing Essex,  England,  in  1646,  he  preached  in  several 
places,  and  baptized  large  numbers  of  people.  This 
created  great  indignation  among  Pedobaptists,  and 
especially  among  the  ministers.  They  endeavored 
to  stir  up  the  magistrates  to  arrest  Mr.  Gates,  but 
they  had  no  charge  against  him,  and  they  were 
afraid  to  imprison  him. 

Among  those  baptized  by  Mr.  Gates  was  a  young 
woman,  named  Anne  Martin,  who  died  a  few  weeks 
after  her  baptism.  This  furnished  the  clergymen 
the  charge  which  they  required,  and  forthwith  Mr. 
Gates  was  sent  to  jail,  accused  of  murdering  Anne 
Martin  by  administering  immersion  to  her.  He 
was  actually  tried  for  his  life  at  Chelmsford  assizes 
for  this  dreadful  crime.  In  that  day  in  the  writ- 
ings of  Pedobaptists  immersion  was  frequently 
denounced  as  a  very  dangerous  practice;  and  some 
branded  the  Baptists  as  "  a  cruel  and  murdering  sect 


for  using  it."  If  the  trial  against  Mr.  Gates  had 
been  successful  it  would  not  only  have  sent  him  to 
the  gallows,  but  it  would  have  been  a  heavy  blow 
at  the  administration  of  the  Saviour's  only  baptism. 
Great  efforts,  Mr.  Crosby  tells  us,  were  made  to 
secure  the  conviction  of  Gates ;  it  was  asserted 
that  he  held  JSIiss  Martin  so  long  in  the  water  that 
she  immediately  became  sick,  and  stated  on  her 
death-bed  that  the  dipping  caused  her  fatal  ill- 
ness ;  all  the  falsehoods  told  about  her  case,  on 
the  trial,  were  completely  exposed.  Several  wit- 
nesses were  produced,  and  among  them  her  own 
mother,  whose  testimony  proved  that  she  had  bet- 
ter health  for  several  days  after  her  baptism  than 
she  had  enjoyed  for  years  before. 

Crosby  mentions  an  essay  of  Sir  John  Floycr  to 
prove  the  advantages  of  bathing  in  cold  water,  in 
which  he  gives  a  catalogue  of  diseases  for  which 
it  is  a  remedy.  Sir  John  closes  his  essay  by  ob- 
serving "that  the  Church  of  England  continued 
the  use  of  immersion  longer  than  any  Christian 
church  in  tiic  West.     For  the  Eastern  Ciuirch   vet 


OBER 


866 


0  GIL  VIE 


usea  it ;  and  our  church  (the  Episcopal)  still  recom- 
mends the  dipping  of  infants  in  her  Rubric,  to 
which,  I  believe,  the  English  Church  will  at  last 
return,  when  piiysic  has  given  thera  a  clear  proof 
by  divers  experiments  that  cold  baths  are  both  safe 
and  useful.  And,"  he  says,  "  they  did  great  injui-y 
to  their  own  children,  and  to  all  posterity,  who  first 
introduced  the  alteration  of  this  truly  ancient  cere- 
mony of  immersion,  and  were  the  occasion  of  a 
degenerate,  sickly,  and  tender  race  ever  since." 
(Crosby's  History  of  the  English  Baptists,  i.  236- 
240.     London,  1738.) 

Ober,  Levi  E.,  M.D.,  a  native  of  Vermont,  was 
born  at  Rockingham,  Windham  Co.,  July  31,  1819, 
and  is  the  son  of  Wm.  and  Fanny  (Fairbanks)  Ober. 
In  1830  his  father's  family  moved  to  Claridon, 
Geauga,  0.  Here  Levi  remained  on  his  father's 
farm  until  eighteen  years  of  age,  in  the  summer 
assisting  his  fother  and  during  the  winter  attend- 
ing school.  He  continued  his  literary  and  scien- 
tific studies,  interspersed  with  manual  labor,  until 
1845,  when  he  began  the  study  of  medicine  with 
Dr.  Storm  Rosa,  of  Painesville,  0.  He  took  medi- 
cal lectures  at  the  Western  Reserve  College,  Cleve- 
land, and  at  the  Eclectic  Medical  College,  Cincin- 
nati, from  which  last-named  college  he  received  a 
diploma  in  March,  1850.  He  subsequently  attended 
a  course  of  lectures  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  Col- 
lege of  Philadelphia.  Dr.  Ober  began  practice  in 
Moline,  111.,  in  1850.  He- came  to  La  Crosse, 
Wis.,  in  1857,  where  he  has  since  resided.  He 
stands  at  the  head  of  his  profession  in  the  State. 
He  has  a  very  extensive  practice,  reaching  far  be- 
yond the  city  of  his  residence.  In  1872  he  went 
to  Europe,  traveling  extensively  in  England,  Bel- 
gium, Switzerland,  and  parts  of  Germany,  and 
spending  the  winter  of  1872-73  in  Italy.  He 
availed  himself  of  every  facility  for  visiting  hospi- 
tals, attending  lectures,  and  for  making  the  per- 
sonal acquaintance  of  the  most  eminent  medical 
men  in  the  old  country,  that  he  might  extend  and 
perfect  his  medical  knowledge. 

He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Illinois  Ho- 
moeopathic Medical  Association,  and  also  a  founder 
of  the  Wisconsin  Homoeopathic  Society,  and  has 
been  president  of  both  organizations.  Once  he  was 
called  upon  to  preside  over  the  National  Society. 

But  in  Wisconsin  Dr.  Ober  is  no  less  widely 
known  as  an  eminent  medical  pi-actitioner  than  as 
an  earnest  and  active  Christian.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  La  Crosse,  one  of  its  dea- 
cons, and  one  of  its  large-hearted,  liberal  support- 
ers. .  In  all  the  religious  and  benevolent  work  of 
his  denomination  in  the  State  he  takes  a  deep  in- 
terest. He  is  a  member  of  the  board  of  the  State 
Convention,  and  is  nearly  always  present  at  its 
annual  meetings. 

Offer,  George,  was   born   in   London   in   1796. 


In  early  life  he  became  a  member  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Bow,  and  subsequently  attached  himself 
to  the  congregation  at  Maie  Street,  Hackney.  Al- 
though actively  engaged  in  business  during  the 
greater  part  of  his  life,  and  rendering  valuable 
public  services  as  a  magistrate  of  London,  and  as 
member  of  the  metropolitan  board  of  works,  he  de- 
voted himself  with  such  ardor  and  persistence  to 
the  history  of  two  books, — the  English  Bible  and 
the  "Pilgrim's  Progress," — that  he  became  a  chief 
authority  with  all  students  and  inquirers,  with 
book-buyers  and  booksellers.  His  collection  of 
Bibles  and  Testaments,  and  of  the  works  of  the 
Puritan  divines,  especially  of  John  Bunyan,  was 
without  a  rival.  Mr.  Offer's  librai-y  was  the  resort 
of  scholars  and  divines  of  all  ranks  and  denomina- 
tions. He  edited  the  works  of  Bunyan  in  three 
volumes,  and  wrote  a  memoir  which  is  allowed  to 
be  the  most  complete  biography  of  that  illustrious 
man.  He  also  wrote  the  '"Life  of  William  Tyn- 
dale,"  published  by  Bagster.  He  left  in  manuscript 
the  largest  production  of  his  pen,  entitled  "  The 
History  of  the  Great  Bible,"  embracing  the  history 
of  Coverdale's  translation,  Tyndale's,  Cranmer's, 
and  the  Genevan,  each  profusely  illustrated  with 
fac-similes  carefully  made  by  himself.  His  death 
took  place  at  his  home  in  London,  Aug.  4,  1864. 

Ogilvie,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Stafford  Co., 
Va.,  in  the  year  1793.  He  seemed  inclined  at  dif- 
ferent times  to  prepare  himself  for  the  profession 
of  the  law,  and  again  for  that  of  medicine.  He 
taught  school  for  a  short  time  in  Culpeper  County, 
then  at  Jeffersonton,  and  subsequently  in  Fauquier 
County,  having  taken  charge  of  the  New  Baltimore 
Academy.  In  early  life  he  was  quite  skeptical  in 
his  views,  but  in  1823,  having  heard  a  sermon  by 
Rev.  C.  George,  his  conscience  was  quickened,  he 
saw  the  folly  of  his  views,  and  was  led  to  give  him- 
self to  Christ.  One  month  after  his  baptism  he 
was  licensed  to  preach,  and  one  year  after  was  or- 
dained to  the  work  of  the  ministr}'  and  became 
pastor  of  the  Goose  Creek  (Pleasant  Vale)  church. 
With  this  church  he  labored  most  faithfully  for 
more  than  twenty-five  years.  Teaching  school  and 
at  the  same  time  preaching  regularly  for  three  or 
four  churches,  his  labors  were  necessarily  very 
onerous,  and  his  exposure  to  all  kinds  of  weather 
terriljly  exhausting.  The  great  majority  of  the 
Baptist  ministers  of  Virginia  twenty-five  years  ago, 
supplying  as  they  did  five  or  six  churches,  often 
spent  at  least  one-third  of  their  time  on  horseback, 
riding  to  and  from  their  various  appointments  for 
preaching,  and  Mr.  Ogilvie  had  his  full  share  of 
these  wearying  labors.  As  a  preacher,  he  was  en- 
dowed with  rare  gifts.  His  mind  was  strongly 
logical,  and  he  could  divest  a  subject  of  all  its 
ambiguities  and  present  it  so  plainly  to  his  hearers 
as  to  nuikc  the  most  abstruse  subjects  clear  to  the 


OHIO 


OLD- LA  NDMA  KKISM 


humblest  capacities.  Oik;  who  knew  him  well  has 
said  tiiat  he  never  heard  him  preach  a  sermon  from 
which  a  man  who  had  never  heard  the  gospel  be- 
fore, and  should  never  hear  it  again,  might  not 
learn  enough  about  the  plan  of  salvation  by  the 
cross  of  Christ  to  save  his  soul.  In  all  the  rela- 
tions of  life  his  character  was  irreproachable.  As 
a  citizen,  a  neighbor,  and  a  friend  he  was  esteemed 
by  all  who  knew  him,  while  as  a  Christian  he  was 
revered  for  his  unaffected  piety  and  devotion.  He 
died  June  2,  1849,  in  the  fifty-sixth  year  of  his  age, 
and  his  memory  is  fragrant  among  the  people  who 
knew  him  and  loved  him  so  well. 

Ohio  Baptists. — The  first  church  of  any  de- 
nomination in  Ohio,  or  the  Nortliwostern  Territory, 
as  it  was  originally  called,  was  a  Baptist  church. 
This  was  organized  at  Columbia,  then  five  miles 
above  Cincinnati,  and  now  a  part  of  that  city,  in 
1790.  A  year  and  a  half  previous  to  this  twenty- 
five  persons  from  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey  had 
come  down  the  Ohio  River  to  this  point.  Six  of 
these  wore  Baptists.  This  number  had  increased  to 
nine,  when  Rev.  Stephen  Gano,  subsequently  pastor 
of  the  First  church  of  Providence,  R.  I.,  who  was 
then  visiting  the  colony,  one  Saturday  at  the  house 
of  Benjamin  Davis,  presided  over  their  organiza- 
tion, and  the  next  day  baptized  three  believers.  The 
first  pastor  of  the  church  was  Rev.  John  Smith, 
who  afterwards  became  a  member  of  the  Senate 
of  the  United  States.  A  meeting-house — the  first 
Protestant  place  of  worship  in  Ohio — was  built  in 
1793. 

From  this  point  Baptists  soon  began  to  scatter 
through  lower  Ohio.  After  AVayne's  victory  over 
the  Indians,  in  1794,  it  was  safer  to  leave  the 
river,  and  the  Miami  valley  rapidly  became  settled. 
A  Baptist  church  was  formed  at  Staunton,  near 
Troy,  in  1804.  About  the  same  time  the  King's 
Creek  and  Union  churches  were  organized,  as  were 
also  the  churches  at  Middletown  and  Lebanon. 
In  1808  the  Columbia  church  removed  to  Duck 
Creek,  and  has  ever  since  borne  the  name  of  the 
Duck  Creek  church.  The  Miami  Association,  con- 
taining originally  but  four  churches,  was  formed  in 
1797,  and  for  several  years  included  all  the  Baptist 
churches  in  Ohio. 

•  The  origin  of  Baptist  churches  in  other  parts  of 
the  State  was  somewhat  later.  One  of  the  oldest 
of  the  churches  is  that  at  Marietta.  The  First 
church,  Dayton,  0.,  was  constituted  and  recognized 
in  1824,  though  as  early  as  1806  there  are  traces 
of  Baptists  in  the  place,  and  for  some  time  there 
had  been  preaching  by  traveling  ministers.  The 
First  church  in  Cleveland  was  organized  in  1833, 
the  First  church  in  Columbus  three  or  four  years 
earlier,  and  the  First  church,  Toledo,  not  until 
1853.  The  oldest  Association  after  the  Miami  is 
the  Scioto,  and  the  next  oldest  the  Mad  River. 


The  progress  of  the  denomination  in  Ohio  was 
greatly  retarded  by  what  is  known  as  the  Canif)- 
bellite  schism  in  1827-30,  which  divided  a  number 
of  churches  and  carried  away  some  prominent  min- 
isters, notably  Rev.  D.  S.  Burnett,  of  Dayton.  In 
the  reaction  following  this  movement,  Old-School 
or  Anti-Mission  tendencies  were  developed,  which 
produced  divisions  and  resulted  in  loss  of  numbers 
and  power. 

In  later  years,  however,  there  has  been  great 
progress.  The  largest  contributors  to  this  have 
been  the  State  Convention,  established  in  May, 
1820,  Granville  College,  opened  for  students  De- 
cember, 1831,  and  the  Education  Society,  organized 
in  1834.  At  present  the  Baptists  in  Ohio  number 
49,950.  There  are  633  churches  and  469  ordained 
ministers.  Connected  with  the  churches  there  are 
645  Sunday-schools,  with  6800  officers  and  teachers, 
and  58,500  scholars.  Granville,  Licking  Co.,  is  the 
literary  centre  of  the  denomination,  being  the  seat 
of  Denison  University,  of  which  Rev.  A.  Owen, 
D.D.,  is  president,  and  of  a  young  ladies'  institute, 
under  the  charge  of  Rev.  D.  Shepardson,  D.D. 
There  are  other  schools  in  the  State  also  in  which 
Baptists  have  a  controlling  interest,  notably  the 
Mount  Auburn  Young  Ladies'  Institute,  Cincinnati, 
0.,  and  Clermont  Academy,  in  Clermont  County. 

Old-Landmarkism. — The  following  sketch  was 
written  at  the  editor's  request  by  one  of  the  ablest 
Baptist  ministers  in  this  country.  His  account  of 
the  opinions  of  all  landmarkers  is  entirely  reliable  : 

The  origin  of  the  term  old-landmarkism  was  as 
follows:  about  the  year  1850,  Rev.  J.  R.  (Jraves, 
editor  of  the  Tennessee  Baptist,  published  at  Nash- 
ville, Tenn.,  began  to  advocate  the  position  that 
Baptists  cannot  consistently  recognize  Pedobaptist 
preachers  as  gospel  ministers.  For  several  years 
he  found  but  few  to  sympathize  with  this  view. 
Among  the  few  was  Rev.  J.  M.  Pendleton,  then  of 
Bowling  Green,  Ky.,  who  in  1854  was  requested 
by  Mr.  Graves  to  write  an  essay  on  this  question, 
"Ought  Baptists  to  recognize  Pedobaptist  preachers 
as  gospel  ministers?"  The  essay  was  published  in 
four  consecutive  numbers  of  the  aforesaid  paper, 
and  afterwards  in  the  form  of  a  tract.  The  title 
given  to  it  by  Mr.  Graves  was  "  An  Old  Landnuirk 
Reset."  The  title  was  considered  appropriate,  be- ' 
cause  there  had  been  a  time  when  ministerial 
recognition  and  exchange  of  pulpits  between  Bap- 
tists and  Pedobaptists  were  unknown.  This  was 
an  old  landmark,  but  in  the  course  of  years  it  had 
fallen.  When  it  was  raised  again  it  was  called 
"  an  old  landmark  reset."  Hence  the  term  "  old- 
landmarkism,"  and  of  late  years,  by  way  of  abridg- 
ment, "  landmarkism." 

That  the  doctrine  of  landmarkism  is  not  a 
novelty,  as  some  suppose,  is  evident,  because  Wil- 
liam Kiffin,  of  London,  one  of  the  noblest  of  Eng- 


OLMSTEAD 


868 


OLNEY 


lisli  Baptists,  advocated  it  in  1640,  and  with  those 
who  agreed  with  him  formed  a  church,  of  which 
he  was  pastor  till  his  death,  in  1701, — a  very  long 
pastorate.  These  facts  are  taken  from  Cramp's- 
"  Baptist  History,"  and  he  refers  to  lyiniey's 
"Life  of  KifiBn." 

■  Benedict,  in  his  ''Fifty  Years  among  the  Bap- 
tists," in  referring  to  the  early  part  of  this  cen- 
tury, says,  "  At  that  time  the  exchange  of  pulpits 
between  the  advocates  and  the  opponents  of  infant 
baptism  was  a  thing  of  very  rare  occurrence,  ex- 
cept in  a  few  of  the  more  distinguished  churches  in 
the  Nortliern  States.  Indeed,  the  doctrine  of  non- 
intercourse,  so  far  as  ministerial  services  were  con- 
cerned, almost  universally  prevailed  between  Bap- 
tists and  Pedobaptists."  pp.  94,  95. 

Truly  the  old  landmark  once  stood,  and  having 
fallen,  it  was  deemed  proper  to  reset  it. 

The  doctrine  of  landmarkism  is  that  baptism 
and  church  membership  precede  the  preaching  of 
the  gospel,  even  as  they  precede  communion  at  the 
Lord's  table.  The  argument  is  that  Scriptural 
authority  to  preach  emanates,  under  God,  from  a 
gospel  church  :  that  as  "  a  visible  church  is  a  con- 
gregation of  baptized  believers,"  etc.,  it  follows 
that  no  Pedobaptist  organization  is  a  church  in  the 
Scriptural  sense  of  the  .term,  and  that  therefore 
Scriptural  authority  to-preach  cannot  proceed  from 
such  an  organization.  Hence  the  non-recognition 
of  Pedobaptist  ministers,  who  are  not  interfered 
with,  but  simply  let  alone. 

At  the  time  the  "Old  Landmark  Reset"  was 
written  the  topic  of  non-ministerial  intercourse 
was  the  chief  subject  of  discussion.  Inseparable, 
however,  from  the  landmark  view  of  this  matter, 
is  a  denial  that  Pedobaptist  societies  are  Scriptural 
churches,  that  Pedobaptist  ordinations  are  valid, 
and  that  immersions  administered  by  Pedobaptist 
ministers  can  be  consistently  accepted  by  any  Bap- 
tist church.  All  these  things  are  denied,  and  the 
intelligent  reader  will  see  why. 

Olmstead,  John  W.,  D.D.,'  was  born  in  Sara- 
toga Co.,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  13,  1816.  His  parents  were 
members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Chui-ch. 
.  When  converted  his  convictions  led  him  to  the 
Baptists,  and  he  was  baptized  in  Schuylerville, 
N.  Y.,  in  1836,  by  Rev.  C.  B.  Keyes.  He  pursued 
academic  studies  in  Johnstown,  N.  Y.  The  honor- 
ary degree  of  A.M.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Yale 
College,  and  afterwards  that  of  D.D.  by  the  Uni- 
versity of  Rochester.  He  was  first,  in  1837,  settled 
over  the  Baptist  church  of  Little  Falls,  N.  Y.,  where 
he  remained  five  years.  He  then  became  pastor  in 
Chelsea,  Mass.,  where  he  continued  five  years.  In 
1846  ho  became  editor  of  the  Christian  liejledor. 
of  Boston.  In  1848  the  Watchman  was  united  with 
it,  and  he  filled  the  editorial  chair  of  the  consoli- 
dated papers  until  1877.    His  ability  as  a  religious 


journalist  was  fully  demonstrated  in  his  long  and 
successful  management  of  that  paper.  In  1878  he 
commenced  the  New  York  Watch-Tower,  a  popular 
Baptist  paper,  and  he  is  confident  of  .'success.  He 
held  prominent  positions  in  Ro.xbury,  Mass.,  in 
educational  work,  and  was  on  the  executive  com- 
mittee of  the  Missionary  Union.  His  life  has  been 
one  of  great  usefulness  and  honor. 

Olney,  Edward,   LL.D.,    Professor  of  Mathe- 
matics in  the  University  of  Michigan,  and  author 


EDW.IRD    OLNET,   LL.D. 

of  a  complete  set  of  mathematical  text-books,  is 
descended  from  the  Rhode  Island  Olneys,  and  was 
born  in  Moreau,  Saratoga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  24,  1827. 
During  most  of  his  childhood  and  youth  he  resided 
in  Ohio.  His  early  opportunities  for  an  education 
were  very  slight,  but  he  made  the  most  of  them. 
Beginning  to  teach  at  the  age  of  nineteen,  he  pros- 
ecuted his  own  studies  with  great  energy  and  suc- 
cess, and  early  became  eminent  as  ii  teacher.  From 
1853  to  1863  he  was  Professor  of  Mathematics  in 
Kalamazoo  College,  and  acquired  a  reputation  as 
teatfher  in  this  department  almost  unequaled.  In 
18G3  he  became  professor  in  the  State  University, 
and  still  holds  that  position  ;  but  his  interest  in 
Kalamazoo  College  remains  unabated.  He  is  a 
member  of  its  board  of  trustees,  and  among  its 
most  liberal  supporters.  He  has  the  warjnest  in- 
terest in  Sunday-school  work,  and  is  always  ready 
to  serve  the  temperance  enterprise.  From  1875  to 
1879  he  was  president  of  the  Baptist  State  Conven- 
tion, and  has  since  been  its  treasurer.  Although 
not  an  ordained  minister,  he  sometimes  conducts 


ONCKEN 


869 


ONCKEN 


religious  services.  No  one  would  deny  that  his 
influence  is  very  great,  and  always  on  the  side  of 
justice  and  religion.  lie  was  made  A.M.  by  Mad- 
ison University  in  18.53,  and  LL.D.  by  Kalamazoo 
Collo.ire  in  1874. 

Oncken,  Rev.  John  Gerhard.— No  one  will 

refuse    to   this  eminent    man    the  designation   of 


REV.  JOHN    GKRHARD    ONCKEN. 

apostle  of  the  German  Baptists.  His  life  being  so 
intimately  connected  with  the  rise  and  progress  of 
the  Baptist  denomination  in  Germany,  the  reader 
is  referred  to  the  account  of  them  in  this  work,  and 
this  article  will  confine  itself  to  some  brief  biograph- 
ical data. 

Mr.  Oncken  was  born  in  Varel,  in  the  grand 
duchy  of  Oldenburg,  Jan.  26,  1800.  In  his  youth 
he  came  to  England,  where,  by  the  grace  of  God, 
he  became  a  true  Christian.  Manifesting  a  peculiar 
fitness  for  evangelistic  labors,  he  was  sent  to  Ger- 
many in  1823  as  a  missionnry  of  the  British  Conti- 
nental Society, — a  society  formed  in  England  for 
the  purpose  of  spreading  the  gospel  on  the  conti- 
nent. Filled  with  zeal  and  fervent  love,  he  went 
back  to  his  native  land  a  joyous  herald  of  the  truth 
which  he  had  learned  in  a  foreign  clime.  He  first 
preached  the  gospel  on  the  coasts  of  the  German 
Ocean,  in  the  cities  of  Hamburg  and  Bremen,  and 
in  the  province  of  East  Frisia.  His  strong  religious 
convictions,  his  clear  insight  into  the  Word,  united 
witii  a  deep  spirituality,  a  pleasing  appearance,  and 
considerable  oratorical  talent,  gave  him  a  welcome 
reception  among  the  people  everywhere.  Many 
were   converted,   and   a   powerful    religious   move- 


ment manifested  itself  in  all  that  region.  Mr. 
Oncken  labored  as  a  missionary  of  the  British 
Continental  Society  till  1828,  and  then  became  the 
agent  of  the  Edinburgh  Bible  Society. 

As  a  result  of  faithful  Bible  study,  Mr.  Oncken 
gradually  reached  the  conviction  that  l)aptism  be- 
longs only  to  believers,  and  that  immersion  is  the 
only  Scriptural  mode  of  baptism.  After  having 
long  waited  for  an  opportunity  to  receive  baptism, 
Mr.  Oncken  was  at  length  baptized,  together  with 
six  others,  by  Rev.  Barnas  Sears,  then  of  Hamil- 
ton Institution,  on  the  22d  of  April,  1834,  in  the 
river  Elbe,  near  Hamburg ;  these  seven  believers 
were  the  first  fruit  of  thousands  yet  to  follow.  On 
the  succeeding  day  these  seven  were  constituted 
a  church,  the  First  German  Baptist  church  in 
modern  times;  Mr.  Oncken  was  chosen  pastor. 

Mr.  Oncken's  baptism  created  a  great  sensation 
in  all  circles  where  he  was  known,  and  the  perse- 
cutions which  lie  formerly  endured  now  became 
still  more  violent.  The  clergy,  in  harmony  with 
the  police,  were  determined  to  destroy  the  work  in 
its  inception,  but  all  their  efforts  proved  unavail- 
ing. Mr.  Oncken,  full  of  love  and  zeal,  proved 
himself  a  man  of  firm  determination  and  undaunted 
courage;  he  could  not  be  intimidated  nor  silenced; 
he  paid  no  heed  to  the  prohibitions  of  the  author- 
ities; he  dreaded  not  the  dungeon,  and  yielded  not, 
even  when  incarcerated.  Under  God,  the  continu- 
ance and  the  prosperity  of  the  work  in  Germany  is 
due  largely,  first  of  all,  to  the  endurance,  fearless- 
ness, and  determination,  and,  secondly,  to  the  un- 
tiring labors,  of  this  remarkable  man.  From  that 
day  until  now  Mr.  Oncken's  life  has  been  one  of 
apostolic  toil  and  blessed  success  in  spreading  the 
gospel  through  Germany. 

Mr.  Oncken  has  always  remained  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Hamburg,  and  has  made  Hamburg  the 
centre  of  his  evangelistic  labors,  being  enabled  to 
do  this  through  the  faithful  aid  of  helpers  like 
Koebner  and  Schauffler  and  others,  who  supplied 
the  church  in  his  absence.  In  addition  to  his  evan- 
gelistic labors  in  Germany  and  ailjoining  countries, 
Mr.  Oncken  has  frequently  visited  England  in  the 
interest  of  the  German  Baptist  cause,  and  in  1853, 
by  invitation  of  the  executive  committee  of  tlie 
American  Baptist  Missionary  Union,  he  visited  the 
United  States,  traveling  extensively  in  the  North- 
western as  well  as  in  the  older  States.  On  that 
memorable  journey  Mr.  Oncken's  life  was  wonder- 
fully preserved  in  a  fearful  railroad  accident  at 
Norwaik,  Conn.  As  a  result  of  Mr.  Oncken's 
visit  the  committee  voted  to  aid  the  mission  in- 
erecting  chapels  to  the  extent  of  $8000  a  year  for 
five  years. 

Looking  over  his  eventful  and  useful  life,  it  may 
be  said  that  Mr.  Oncken's  piety,  courage,  untiring 
energy,  and  his  strong  organizing  faculty  have  been 


ONE  ALL 


870 


O-NEALL 


the  foundation-stones  of  his  great  success.  His  in- 
fluence over  the  churches  and  pastors  in  Germany 
has  been  powerful.  They  have  looked  upon  him 
as  a  father,  have  greatly  revered' him,  and  highly 
respected  his  j  udgment.  The  weakness  of  advanced 
age  hinders  Mr.  Oncken  engaging  any  longer  in 
his  loved  employ;  but  while  he  still  lingers  amid 
the  scenes  of  his  former  conflict,  throngs  of  bless- 
ings cheer  his  declining  days,  and  when  he  shall 
be  no  longer  walking  among  his  brethren,  the 
memoi-y  of  his  faithful  and  successful  service  will 
be  embalmed  among  the  Baptists  of  Germany  in 
all  succeeding  generations. 

O'Xeall,  Chief-Justice  John  Belton,  was  born 

on  the  10th  of  April,  1793,  near  Bobo's  Mills,  in 


CHIEF-JUSTICE    JOHN    BELTON    O'NEALL. 

'Newberry  District,  S.  C.  lie  was  the  son  of  Hugh 
O'Neall  and  Ann  Kelly,  his  wife, — his  ancestors  on 
both  sides  being  of  ancient  Irish  families.  In  his 
youth  he  had  facilities  for  education  that  were  un- 
usual for  that  period.  In  February,  1811.  he  en- 
tered the  Junior  class  of  South  Carolina  College, 
and  in  December,  1812,  graduated  witli  the  second 
honor  of  that  institution.  He  devoted  himself  to 
the  profession  of  the  law,  and  from  the  commence- 
ment obtained  a  large  and  lucrative  practice.  In 
1816  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives in  the  Legislature  of  South  Carolina.  He 
was  again  elected  in  1822.  1824,  and  182r>,  and 
during  the  last  two  terms  was  the  Speaker  of  the 
House.  In  December,  1828,  he  was  elected  an  as- 
sociate judge,  and  in  18.30  a  judge  of  the  Court  of 
Appeals.     On   the  abolition  of  that  court  he  was 


transferred  to  the  Court  of  Law.  In  1850  he  be- 
came president  of  the  Court  of  Law  Appeals  and 
of  the  Court  of  Errors.  Upon  the  reorganization 
of  a  separate  Court  of  Appeals,  he  was  with  great 
unanimity  appointed  chief  justice  of  South  Caro- 
lina. It  would  be  superfluous  to  attempt  to  de- 
scribe the  manner  in  which  .these  several  offices  of 
public  trust  have  been  filled.  His  thorough  busi- 
ness habits,  his  untiring  industry,  his  incorruptible 
integrity,  his  conscientious  discharge  of  the  duties 
of  every  office,  together  with  his  great  learning, 
enabled  him  to  establish  for  himself  a  position 
unequaled  by  any  chief  justice  in  the  history  of 
this  State. 

It  might  seem  that  surrounded  by  such  cares  he 
would  have  no  time  for  the  performance  of  other 
public  duties.  But,  on  the  contrary,  we  find  him 
devoting  himself  in  various  other  w^ays  to  what  he 
deemed  the  vital  interests  of  the  country.  His 
attention  to  agriculture  contributed  in  great  part 
to  its  advancement  in  South  Carolina,  but  especially 
in  his  native  district  of  Newberry.  To  his  labors 
and  personal  influence,  too,  is  the  State  indebted 
for  the  successful  completion  of  the  Greenville  and 
Columbia  Railroad.  His  activity  in  these  respects 
was  but  an  index  of  his  more  private  labors  in 
every  way  in  which  the  material  prosperity  of  the 
State  could  be  advanced. 

Outside  of  his  official  labors,  perhaps  Judge 
O'Neall  was  known  in  no  respect  so  well  as  in  the 
character  of  an  ardent  advocate  of  total  abstinence 
from  all  intoxicating  liquors.  To  this  work  he 
devoted  himself  during  the  most  vigorous  years  of 
his  manhood,  and  continued  his  efforts  until  the 
time  of  his  death.  He  became  known  as  the  apostle 
of  temperance  in  South  Carolina,  and  occupied  the 
highest  position  among  its  most  distinguished  ad- 
vocates in  North  America.  No  one  man  has  per- 
formed more  voluntary  labor  in  this  cause  than  he. 

It  was  the  privilege,  however,  of  those  who 
knew  Judge  0"Neall  in  his  private  life  to  appreciate 
most  highly  the  true  worth  of  his  character.  His 
public  life  displayed  the  sterner,  his  private  life 
the  gentler,  traits  of  true  and  noble  manhood,  each 
in  equal  perfection.  God  blessed  him  in  the  selec- 
tion of  a  companion  whom  he  spared  until  the  end 
of  his  life.  On  the  25th  of  June.  1818.  he  was 
married  to  Helen,  eldest  daughter  of  Capt.  Samp- 
son and  Sarah  Strother  Pope.  All  the  children  of 
this  marriage  preceded  their  honored  father  to  the 
grave.  He  himself  died  on  Sunday,  the  27th  of 
December,  1863,  being  seventy  years,  eight  months, 
and  seventeen  days  old. 

The  Convention  of  the  Baptist  denomination  in 
South  Carolina  suffered  a  great  loss  in  the  death 
of  Chief-Justice  O'Neall.  because  he  was  an  ardent 
co-worker  with  his  brethren  in  the  advancement 
of  Christ's  kingdom.     His  parents  were  Friends, 


O'NEALL 


871 


ONTARIO 


orO.uakers,  but  from  the  time  that  Hrother  O'Neall 
made  a  professicjii  of  Christianity  lie  was  an  earnest 
advocate  of  the  religious  views  held  by  the  ('alvin- 
istic  Baptists.  A  great  revival  in  the  town  of  New- 
berry, in  1831,  gave  origin  to  the  Baptist  church 
of  tiiat  place,  on  the  records  of  which,  under  date 
of  Saturday,  Jan.  26,  1833,  is  the  following:  "Re- 
ceived by  experience,  Joiin  B.  O'Neall."  In  the 
minutes  of  Saturday,  March  22,  1834,  is  anotlier 
item  of  importance  :  "  Resolved,  that  it  is  expedient 
to  appoint  three  additional  deacons  of  this  church, 
who  are  requested  to  conduct  all  prayer-meetings 
from  time  to  time,  and  to  take  part  in  any  other 
religious  exercises  to  which  they  may  lie  prompted 
by  the  Spirit  in  aid  of  the  pastor  of  this  church." 
Under  the  above  resolution  were  appointed  John 
B.  O'Neall,  M.  T.  Mendenhall,  and  Drayton  Nance. 
In  compliance  with  the  above  resolution  religious 
meetings  were  conducted  by  the  brethren  named 
with  great  regularity  for  a  considerable  time. 
Judge  O'Neall's  addresses,  lectures,  and  exhorta- 
tions are  still  remembered  by  those  who  used  to 
hear  them.  They  were  characterized  by  all  the 
vehemence  and  earnestnevss  which  at  a  later  period 
marked  similar  efforts  in  the  cause  of  temperance. 
He  was  at  that  time  very  active  in  the  church. 
Afterwards  the  judge  was  often  absent  discharging 
his  official  duties,  but  whenever  at  home  he  was  a 
constant  attendant  upon  the  public  ministry  of  the 
gospel,  and  felt  much  interest  in  all  that  concerned 
the  welfare  of  the  church. 

He  carried  into  it  the  same  characteristics  which 
distinguished  him  in  other  important  relations, 
— great  zeal,  energy,  ardor,  and  devotion.  These 
qualities,  connected  with  unusual  ability,  made  him 
the  effective  Christian  he  was.  Judge  O'Neall 
was  remarkable  for  his  humility  as  a  Christian, 
and  though  occupying  prominent  positions  in  the 
State,  and  receiving  at  times  an  homage  which 
was  well  calculated  to  foster  worldly  pride,  he  al- 
ways retained  that  humility  which  condescends  to 
small  things  and  to  men  of  low  estate.  His  piety, 
as  exhibited  at  home,  around  the  fireside,  and  in 
private  life,  displayed  this  quality  most  strikingly. 
It  was  his  custom  to  erect  a  domestic  altar  night 
and  morning,  when,  gathering  his  family,  white 
and  black,  around  him,  he  invoked  the  blessings 
and  pardon  of  heaven  upon  them  in  a  most  simple 
and  touching  manner,  and  if  a  friend  or  stranger 
happened  under  his  roof,  he  invariably  prayed  for 
him  personally.  His  fervi<l  manner  of  addressing 
a  throne  of  grace  showed  his  strong  faith  in  a 
special  providence.  lie  was  remarkable  for  a 
tender  regard  for  all  around  him.  If  his  humblest 
servant  was  seriously  sick,  he  exhibited  a  strong 
sympathy  for  him  and  made  him  a  subject  of  prayer 
at  the  family  altar,  and  followed  the  remains  of  a 
servant   to   the  burying-ground,  and  stood  liy  the 


grave  during  the  funeral  service  with  a  reverence, 
humility,  and  awe  which  showed  how  deeply  his 
heart  was  imbued  with  the  spirit  of  Christ,  and 
kow  surely  he  felt  that  God  was  no  respecter  of 
persons.  He  was  loved  and  revered  in  his  own 
district  as  the  friend  of  the  widow  and  orphan. 
Indeed,  this  was  his  character  throughout  the 
State.  Enjoying  a  reputation  for  liberality,  and 
occupying  a  position  which  exposed  him  to  calls  of 
this  kind,  it  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  he  ex- 
pended a  small  fortune  in  responding  to  such  ap- 
peals. He  was  quite  as  well  known  for  tiiat  charity 
which  marked  the  good  Samaritan, — -that  gentle 
and  kind  sympathy  which  will  observe  and  even 
hunt  out  and  relieve  the  wants  and  distresses  of 
others  by  counsel,  advice,  and  sympathy  as  well  as 
donations  of  money. 

But  Judge  O'Neall's  most  distinguishing  trait  as 
a  Christian  was  that  he  was  not  ashamed  of  the  re- 
ligion of  Christ.  It  was  this  that  made  him  so  emi- 
nently useful.  No  man,  certainly  no  layman  in 
the  Baptist  denomination,  nor  in  any  other,  has 
exerted  so  wide-spread  an  influence  for  good.  Be- 
fore assembled  multitudes,  in  charging  juries,  in 
sentencing  criminals,  or  in  making  temperance 
speeches,  he  always  made  it  a  point  to  enforce 
directly  or  indirectly  the  truths  of  Christianity. 

At  home,  in  his  own  church,  he  was  in  the  habit 
for  many  years  of  conducting  prayer-meetings  and 
delivering  addresses  when  there  was  no  preaching 
in  the  church.  He  continued  this  until  he  was 
seriously  injured  by  an  accident  on  the  railroad, 
after  which  he  discontinued  pulilic  speaking  of  all 
kinds.  Ilis  prayers  and  lectures  on  such  occasions 
were  warm,  fervent,  and  effective.  He  would 
usually  take  a  chapter  or  a  portion  of  one,  and 
make  a  running  comment.  Often  he  would  select 
a  psalm,  the  fervid  eloquence,  poetic  sentiment,  and 
language  of  which  seemed  congenial  to  him,  and 
gave  him  an  opportunity,  which  seemed  to  delight 
him,  of  expatiating  on  the  goodness,  power,  and 
glory  of  God. 

With  all  his  honors  he  cherished  most  his  privi- 
leges as  a  servant  of  Christ,  who,  amid  the  many 
duties  of  a  life  of  extraordinary  activity,  has  always 
remembered  his  dependence  upon  God,  and  sought 
his  aid.  and  strove  to  guide  others,  too,  in  the  way 
of  life. 

It  is  not  surprising  that  where  such  piety  is 
united  with  such  greatness  his  brethren  should 
have  loved  and  honored  him.  At  the  session  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention,  held  in  July,  1858, 
he  was  elected  president,  an  office  in  which  he  con- 
tinued until  July,  1863,  when  his  failing  health  for- 
bade his  further  attendance  upon  its  meetings. 

Ontario  and  Quebec,  Baptists  of.— It  is  difficult 

to  trace  the  history  of  tlie  iiitroiluction  of  Baptists 
into  these  provinces,  as  until  a  comparatively  recent 


ONTARIO 


872 


ORDINA  TIO.N 


date  no  attempt  was  made  to  preserve  the  denomi- 
national records.  But  as  Baptists  are  always  found 
wherever  the  AVord  of  God  is  freely  circulated  and 
devoutly  studied,  it  is  to  be  presumed  that  tliere 
were  many  converts  to  our  principles,  in  the  upper 
province  at  least,  before  the  arrival  of  Baptist 
preachers.  So  far  as  can  be  ascertained,  the  first 
churches  were  planted  by  itinerant  missionaries- 
from  Nova  Scotia,  New  Brunswick,  and  the  United 
States.  None  of  these  churches  has  a  history  ex- 
tending over  a  much  longer  period  than  eighty-five 
years.  According  to  a  brief  sketch  published  by 
the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Fyfe,  in  1859,  the  first  church  in 
the  eastern  section  of  the  country  of  which  there  is 
any  authentic  account  was  formed  in  Caldvi'ell's 
Manor,  by  Rev.  E.  Andrews,  of  Vermont,  in  1794. 
This  section  is  indebted  to  missionaries  sent  out  by 
a  society  of  which  the  late  venerable  Dr.  S'harp,  of 
Boston,  was  secretary.  In  the  same  year  (1794)  the 
first  church  in  the  western  section  was  formed  under 
Elders  Hamilton  and  Turner,  at  Thurlow,  in  the 
county  of  Northumberland  5  and  about  the  same 
year  Elder  Winn  commenced  to  labor  in  the  dis- 
trict of  Prince  Edward.  ^Through  this  region  there 
once  flourished  many  churches, — in  the  townships 
of  Rawdon,  Sidney,  Craraahe,  Murray,  etc, — but 
chiefly  through  emigration  westward  some  of  them 
have  become  extinct,  and  others  have  languished 
for  years. 

In  1800  a  brother  named  Finch,  from  New 
Brunswick,  began  to  preach  at  Charlotteville,  and 
in  1804  a  church  was  formed  there,  of  which  several 
neighboring  churches  ara  the  thriving  daughters. 
Soon  after  this  the  church  in  Beamsville  was  formed, 
under  the  missionary  labors  of  Elders  Covell  and 
"Warren,  from  the  Shaftsbury  Association,  Vt. 
This  church  has  also  been  a  fruitful  mother.  Be- 
yond these  outlines  it  would  be  scarcely  possible 
to  trace  the  influences  (they  have  been  so  varied) 
which  have  raised  up  Baptist  churches  in  different 
parts  of  the  country.  The  Baptists  were  the  first 
anti-Roman  Catholic  missionai-ies  to  Canada,  as 
they  were  the  first  missionaries  to  the  heathen,  and 
it  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  history  of  their  early 
trials  and  labors  is  so  little  known. 

The  numerical  increase  of  the  denomination  will 
be  indicated  by  the  following  statistics  :  in  1S2S 
there  were  in  Ontario  (then  called  Upper  Canada) 
45  ministers,  1435  communicants,  and  5740  regu- 
lar hearers.  The  Baptists  in  Quebec,  or  Lower 
Canada,  at  that  time  were  very  few,  and  would  not 
have  materially  altered  the  above  figures.  In  1842 
the  census  gave  19,G23  Baptists  in  the  two  prov- 
inces; six  years  later  they  numbered  28,503;  in 
four  years  more  (1852)  they  numbered  49,846  ;  and 
in  1860  the  number  of  ministers  was  about  190,  of 
communicants  13,715,  and  of  adherents  60,000. 
Now  (1881 )  there  are  not  fewer  than  250  ministers, 


356  churches,  a  membership  of  more  than  27.000, 
and  at  least  125,000  adherents.  Of  these,  by  far 
the  greater  number  belong  to  Ontario.  The  "  Cana- 
dian Baptist  Year-Book'"  for  1881  gives  the  Bap- 
tists of  Quebec  only  26  English-speaking  churches, 
with  a  total  membership  of  about  2000.  If  the 
members  of  the  Grande  Ligne  Mission  churches 
(French)  are  added,  the  number  of  communicants 
will  not  even  then  exceed  2400.  These  figures  need 
occasion  no  Surprise,  when  it  is  remembered  that 
the  entire  Protestant  population  of  that  province  is 
exceedingly  small.  The  largest  churches  in  the 
two  provinces  are  Jarvis  Street,  Toronto,  with  751  ; 
First  Brantford,  with  525;  and  First  Montreal, 
with  479  members.  Several  others  have  from  200 
to  350  members.     There  are  14  Associations. 

Fur  Christian  enterprise  and  liberality  the  Bap- 
tists of  Ontario  and  Quebec  will  compare  favorably 
with  their  brethren  in  any  part  of  the  world.  Their 
Literary  Institute,  at  Woodstock,  for  which  an  ade- 
quate endowment  is  nearly  raised,  and  the  new 
Theological  Seminary  at  Toronto,  the  land  and 
buildings  of  which  are  the  donation  of  one  man, 
stand  as  monuments  of  princelj^  giving  on  the  part 
of  the  rich,  and  of  the  munificence  of  the  body 
generally.  Home  mission  work  is  done  under  the 
direction  of  two  boards,  representing  the  East  and 
the  West  respectively.  The  new  province  of  Mani- 
toba receives  missionary  aid  through  a  separate 
organization.  A  Foreign  Missionary  Society  is 
also  maintained,  with  'which  are  connected  two 
Women's  Auxiliary  Societies.  Besides  these  the 
aid  of  the  denomination  is  claimed  by  a  Church 
Edifice  Society,  a  Society  for  the  Relief  of  Super- 
annuated Ministers,  and  the  Grande  Ligne  Evan- 
gelical Society. 

Two  weekly  newspapers,  the  Canadian  Baptist 
and  Christian  Helper,  are  published  at  Toronto; 
and  also  a  monthly,  the  Canadian  Missio><ary 
Link,  devoted  to  the  interests  of  the  Women's 
Foreign  Mission  Societies.  (See  also  the  article 
Baptist  Union  or  Canada.) 

O'ftuin,  Rev.  Ezekiel,  a  pioneer  preacher  in 
Rapides  Parish,  La.,  was  born  in  North  Carolina 
in  1781,  and  died  in  1823. 

0'Q,uin,  Rev.  John,  son  of  Ezekiel  OQuin,  was 
born  in  South  Carolina  in  1808,  and  settled  in  Rap- 
ides Parish,  La.,  in  1815  ;  began  to  preach  in  1834, 
and  became  a  pioneer  in  the  St.  Landry  region. 
While  preaching  constantly  he  engaged  success- 
fully in  planting,  and  amassed  a  large  fortune. 
Since  the  war  he  has  engaged  actively  in  politics, 
and  has  served  with  ability'  several  terms  in  the 
Louisiana  Legislature. 

Ordination. — AVhen  a  brother  is  set  apart  to  the 
work  of  the  gospel  ministry,  if  he  is  ordained  by 
the  authority  of  the  church  to  which  his  services 
are  to  be  given,  his  membership  is  first  transferred 


OREGON 


873 


OHK.-IX 


to  that  comiminity.  They  pass  resolutions  doclar- 
ing  their  conviction  that  he  should  be  ordained, 
and  they  summon  a  council  to  meet  for  that  pur- 
pose on  a  desJLtnated  day.  They  appoint  Iiretiiren 
to  represent  them  in  the  council.  Tiie  clerk  of  the 
church  presents  the  council  with  its  resolutions,  a 
list  of  the  churclies  invited,  and  tlio  names  of  the 
representatives  of  the  church.  When  the  council 
is  organized,  and  opened  with  devotional  exercises, 
the  candidate  gives  an  account  of  his  conversion, 
call  to  the  ministry,  and  views  of  doctrine  and 
church  order.  After  a  searching  examination  from 
the  ministers  and  laymen  of  the  council,  he  is  re- 
quested to  retire,  when  his  conversion,  divine  call, 
character,  orthodoxy,  and  talents  are  carefully  scru- 
tinized. If  he  is  approved  by  the  council  a  resolu- 
tion to  that  ('ffect  is  passed,  and  another  that  the 
council  proceed  to  his  ordination.  The  candidate 
is  then  brought  before  the  council,  and  the  moder- 
ator announces  to  him  its  decision.  A  committee 
is  then  appointed  to  arrange  for  the  ordination  ser- 
vices ;  this  committee  always  includes  the  candi- 
date. The  moderator  of  the  council  jiresides  at  the 
ordination.  Its  services  include  a  sermon,  the  im- 
position of  hands  on  the  liead  of  the  kneeling  can- 
didate by  all  the  ministers  in  the  pulpit,  the  hand 
of  fellowship  as  a  herald  of  the  gospel,  a  charge  to 
the  candidate  and  to  the  church.  If  the  minister 
is  not  yet  a  member  of  the  church  of  which  he  is  to 
become  pastor,  the  church  to  which  he  belongs  calls 
the  council,  and  he  is  ordained  by  its  request  and 
under  its  authority. 

Oregon,  a  rich  agricultural  and  mining  State, 
with  many  prosperous  cities.  It  has  four  univer- 
sities and  colleges,  and  a  splendid  common  school 
system.  On  May  25,  IS44,  "  Th(>  West  Union  Bai)- 
tist  church"  was  formed  on  the  Tualatin  Plains, 
with  eight  members.  It  was  the  first  Baptist  church 
at  that  date  in  the  United  States  west  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains.  They  met  regularly  for  years  to  study 
the  Bible  and  hear  a  sermon  read  by  one  of  their 
number.  In  February,  1845,  Rev.  V.  Snelling 
preached  the  first  sermon  to  the  little  flock,  joined 
them,  with  his  wife,  and  David  T.  Lenox  was  or- 
dained a  deacon.  In  Jlay,  1845,  they  celebrated 
the  Lord's  Supper  for  the  first  time.  Other  minis- 
ters began  to  arrive,  new  churches  were  organized, 
until  now  Oregon  has  nearly  eighty  churches,  five 
Associations,  a  monthly  paper.  The.  Bearmi.  one 
college,  at  McMintiville,  its  State  Convention,  Mis- 
sion, Education,  and  Sunday-school  Conventions 
and  Boards,  a  Woman's  Missionary  Society,  and 
about  3000  Baptist  members.  There  is  also  a  flour- 
ishing mission  for  the  Chinese  in  Oregon,  located 
at  Portland;  the  soul  of  this  mission  is  a  converted 
and  ordained  Chinaman,  Rev.  Dong  Gong,  who  be- 
came a  Christian  and  a  Baptist  almost  at  the  peril 
of  his  life. 
56 


Origin  of    Infant    Baptism,   The.  —  Infant 

baptism  came  into  life  in  Africa,  the  country  of 
slavery,  cruelty,  and  ignorance.  In  the  Roman 
colony  stretching  along  the  coast  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean Sea,  where  the  warlike  and  ferocious  Car- 
tliaginians  built  up  their  commerce  and  sovereignty, 
tills  superstitious  rite  was  born.  Never  in  humnn 
history  is  it  heard  of  until  African  writers  mention 
it.  TertuUian,  at  the  very  close  of  the  second  cen- 
tury, discountenances  the  baptism  of  (■hildren, — 
not  unconscious  infants.  Speaking  of  them  he 
says,  "They  know  how  to  ask  for  salvation  (bap- 
tism) that  you  may  seem  to  have  given  it  to  one 
seeking  it.'"  (Norint  petere  salutem,  ut  petenti 
dedisse  videaris.  De  Baptismo,  cap.  18.  LipsijB, 
18.39.)  These  candidates  for  baptism  could  ask  for 
it,  and  conse(|uently  were  not  unconscious  babes, 
and  he  opposes  its  administration  to  them  on  ac- 
count of  their  early  years.  There  is  no  hint  given 
that  it  was  customary  to  baptize  intelligent  children 
of  several  years  of  age.  Tertullian's  little  book 
was  written  against  the  Quintillianists,  who  suf- 
fered women  to  ])reach  and  baptize,  and  who  were 
regarded  as  heretics.  Ilis  work  affords  no  hint  of 
the  existence  of  the  baptism  of  unconscious  ))abcs. 
The  first  case  of  that  sort,  if  real,  in  the  literature 
of  Christianity,  is  to  be  found  in  a  letter  of  Cyp- 
rian, bishop  of  Carthage,  written  about  k.d.  256. 
giving  an  account  of  the  proceedings  of  a  council 
of  sixty-six  bishops  held  at  that  time  in  Carthage. 
Fidus,  a  country  bishop,  wanted  to  know  if  an  in- 
fant might  be  baptized  before  it  was  eight  days 
old.  There  is  not  a  Sunday-school  teacher  in  a 
Pedobaptist  school  in  Christendom  who  could  not 
answer  that  question  in  a  moment,  but  Fidus,  a 
bishop,  could  not  decide  what  to  do,  and  Cyprian. 
a  man  of  supcn-lative  presumption,  feels  compelled 
to  seek  the  wisdom  of  sixty-six  bishops  to  guide 
Fidus.  If  the  letter  of  Cyprian  is  genuine,  this  is 
the  first  distinct  evidence  of  the  existence  of  infant 
baptism  among  the  Saviour's  followers;  no  other 
intimation  of  its  occurrence  in  the  third  century  is 
given,  but  few  instances  of  it  can  be  found  in  the 
fourth,  and  the  baptism  of  catechized  persons  was 
common  for  ages  after;  but  we  doubt  the  genuine- 
ness of  this  letter. 

Beyond  all  question  infant  baptism  began  in 
.Vfrica,  and  Augustine  of  Hippo  was  the  man  who 
lent  it  the  force  which  gave  it  victory.  Africa 
had  l)een  cursed  for  ages  with  human  sacrifices  in 
Saturn, — little  children  were  placed  in  the  arms  of 
a  metal  image  intensely  heated,  with  a  blazing  fire 
underneath  its  outstretched  arms.  Many  persons 
who  became  nomitial  Christians  practised  this  an- 
cient and  horrid  abomination  :  backsliders  from 
Christianity  followed  this  hideous  rite  of  the  Phoe- 
nician colonists  of  North  Africa.  Robinson  has  a 
theory   about  the  origin   of  the   infant  ceremony 


ORIGINAL 


874 


ORIGINAL 


which  may  contain  some  truth.  His  idea  is  that  it 
was  probably  used  to  place  God's  mark  upon  the 
infants,  and  thereby  to  protect  them  from  the  bloody 
nrms  of  infamous  Saturn,  to'whose  frightful  em- 
brace their  superstitious  parents  would  consign 
them.  After  mentioning  various  matters  connected 
with  his  theory,  he  says,  "  Collecting  into  one  point 
of  view  all  the  foi-ementioned  facts,  the  eye  fixes  on 
Fidus,  the  honest  and  humane  bishop  of  a  company 
of  Christians  in  a  country  place  of  Africa,  where 
some  of  his  neighbors  bought,  stole,  captured,  and 
burnt  children  ;  where  some  of  his  flock  returned 
to  paganism  ;  others  intermarried  with  pagan  fixm- 
ilies  and  went  with  them  into  the  old  practices  of 
sacrificing  children  to  the  gods  ;  himself  filled  witb 
Jewish  ideas  of  dedicating  children  to  the  true 
God,  andmarking  them  by  circumcision  :  and  send- 
ing for  advice  to  Cyprian,  exactly  such  another 
confused  genius  as  himself,  is  it  a  very  improbaljle 
conjecture  that  Fidus  bethought  himself  of  bap- 
tizing new-born  infants  as  an  expedient  to  save 
the  lives  of  the  lambs  of  his  flock?  ...  To  prevail 
with  such  savages  to  dedicate  their  infants  to  God  ; 
to  take  possession  of  them  by  the  soft  method  of 
dipping  them  in  water ;  to  procure  some  persons 
of  more  influence  than  the.parents  to  become  spon- 
sors for  the  babes  (adults  required  sponsors  in  or- 
der to  be  baptized  soon  after  the  apostolic  age,  to 
instruct  them,  and  prol)ably,to  protect  persecuted 
Christians  from  baptizing  spies) ;  this  resembles 
the  great  Alfred's  uniting  Britons  into  tens,  and 
forcing  every  nine  to  pledge  themselves  that  the 
tenth  should  enjoy  his  liberty  and  his  life."  (His- 
tory of  Baptism,  248-9.  Nashville.)  Whether 
Cyprian's  letter  is  genuine  or  a  forgery,  and 
whether  or  not  such  a  man  as  Fidus  ever  lived,  it 
is  extremely  probable  that  ]\Ir.  Robinson's  conjec- 
tui'e  had  some  truth  in  it.  The  writer,  however,  is 
of  the  opinion  that  the  grand  forces  which  gave 
success  to  infant  baptism  after  the  application  of 
the  rite  to  them  was  coneeived,Nvere  the  pernicious 
falsehoods  that  Adam's  guilt  would  keep  every  un- 
baptized  infant  out  of  heaven,  and  that  iiis  iniquity 
.was  washed  from  the  soul  of  the  infant  by  bap- 
tism. So  soon  as  these  fables  were  received,  men, 
and  surely  women,  were  inclined  to  favor  the  dip- 
ping of  new-born  babes. 

Original  Sin. — -Adam  and  Eve  were  created  in 
perfect  innocence.  They  could  not  bo  invested  with 
infajlibility,  for  that  attribute  belongs  to  God  alone, 
and  Jehovah  could  not  create  a  deity :  but  they  wei-e 
summoned  into  life  without  a  tendency  to  sin,  and 
they  wore  as  holy  as  the  angels  of  God. 

The  human  race  was  created  in  Adam  and  Eve. 
just  as  millions  of  oaks  wore  created  in  the  first 
tree  of  that  kind.  Physical  ilofeets  or  material  lieau- 
ties  have  been  transmitted  down  from  the  first  two 
parents  of  our  race  ;  they  could  come  from  no  other 


source.  When  Adam  sinned  he  forfeited  his  title 
to  the  tree  of  life  in  Eden,  and  as  a  consequence  its 
leaves  and  fruit  no  longer  healed  his  wounds,  acted 
as  an  antidote  against  liis  diseases,  and  arrested  the 
decay  that  ever  since  has  wasted  declining  years. 
He  lost  Eden  with  the  tree  of  life  at  the  fall,  and 
so  did  his  posterity  in  him.  The  head  of  the  family 
recklessly  squandered  his  rich  inheritance,  and  as 
a  matter  of  course  those  who  were  born  to  him 
afterwards  never  enjoyed  any  part  of  it.  The  same 
thing  was  true  of  the  divine  favor  which  he  forfeited 
in  Eden  ;  it  was  lost  to  him  for  the  time  being  by 
the  use  of  the  forbidden  fruit,  and  it  was  never 
restored  unless  he  repented,  and  through  divinely- 
appointed  sacrifices  turned  to  the  Lord  his  God. 

He  left  Eden  with  a  heart  vitiated  by  sin,  and 
his  children  subsequently  born  came  into  the  world 
with  his  spiritual  defects  and  temporal  disadvan- 
tages. He  once  bore  the  image  of  God,  but  sin  de- 
stroyed it,  and  all  his  descendants  have  been  marked 
by  a  guilty  likeness  to  him. 

Original  sin  vitiates  the  moral  tastes  of  each  man; 
it  leads  him  to  prefer  the  world,  fleshly  gratifica- 
tions, and  even  the  snares  of  the  tempter,  to  the 
service  of  God.  And  as  there  is  not  in  human  na- 
ture a  counteracting  agency  to  subdue  guilty  tastes 
and  restore  the  transgressor  to  Jehovah,  he  must 
continually  sink  deeper  into  sin  unless  sovereign 
grace  restores  him. 

Original  sin  leads  directly  and  surely  to  total 
depravity.  We  prefer  tofal  perversion  as  a  better 
description  of  this  sad  state.  Good  and  gentle  and 
moral  persons  who  have  not  been  born  again  are 
totally  perverted  from  God.  If  the  heart  is  for 
Christ,  the  whole  being  is  on  his  side  :  if  the  heart 
is  against  him,  the  whole  man  is  his  enemy.  When 
Anne  Boleyn  had  the  heart  of  Henry  VHI..  he 
sligl'ited  Queen  Catharine,  hurled  aside  the  author- 
ity of  the  pope  and  the  claims  of  his  religion,  in 
the  defense  of  which  he  had  written  a  book,  defied 
all  Europe  in  his  determination  to  marry  her,  and 
befriended  the  Bible,  which  he  had  burned,  and  the 
Protestants,  whom  he  had  slandered  and  persecuted, 
because  of  his  regard  for  her.  But  when  his  heart 
turned  to  a  rival  of  Anne,  then  he  was  wholly  alien- 
ated from  her.  This  is  the  exact  situation  of  each 
unsftvod  man  :  his  heart  and  life  are  wholly  per- 
verted from  God.  AVhat  was  true  of  ancient  Israel 
may  be  justly  applied  to  all  unconverted  persons, 
"Ye  will  revolt  more  and  more:  the  whole  head  is 
sick,  and  the  whole  heart  faint.  From  the  sole  of 
the  foot  even  unto  the  head  there  is  no  soundness 
in  it;  but  wounds,  and  bruises,  and  putrefying 
sores." — Isa.  i.  5,  6. 

Original  sin  has  extended  over  the  whole  race. 
Dreadful  and  undeniable  facts  prove  this  statement, 
and  inspiration  asserts  it.  Paul  sa^^s,  "  AVe  have 
l)oforo  proved  both  Jews  and  Gentiles,  that  they 


OSAGE 


87.') 


OSGOOD 


aro  all  under  sin  ;  us  it  is  written,  •  Tliere  is  none 
ri;rliteous,  no,  not  one:  there  is  noni;  tluit  under- 
Mtandetli,  there  is  none  that  seeketh  after  God. 
They  are  all  ;^one  out  of  the  way,  they  are  to- 
gether become  unprofitable ;  there  is  none  that 
doeth  good,  no,  not  one.''' — -lloni.  iii.  10-12. 
When  he  speaks  of  Jews  and  Gentiles  he  intends 
to  describe  all  men.  The  race  in  unbelief  is  in  a 
.state  of  total  perversion  from  God. 

Original  sin  paralyzes  the  moral  powers  of  the 
soul,  and  forbids  any  man,  unaided  by  divine 
f^race,  to  go  to  Jesus.  A  young  French  ecclesi- 
astic, years  ago,  was  supposed  to  have  died,  and 
was  in  his  coffin  when  the  mass  for  the  dead  was 
being  read.  lie  heard  every  woi'd  of  it,  knew  his 
situation  exactly,  l)ut  could  not  move  a  finger,  nor 
an  eyelid,  nor  utter  a  word.  Something  led  to  an 
inspection  of  the  face,  when  a  slight  flush  was  dis- 
covered, and  the  heart  was  found  to  ))e  beating. 
The  man  was  restored  to  his  family,  and  by  proper 
remedies  speedily  became  well.  But  without  help 
he  would  have  been  buried.  .So  the  entire  impeni- 
tent are  dead  in  sin.  "You  hath  he  quickened 
who  were  dead  in  trespasses  and  sins.'' — Eph.  ii.  I. 
And  under  the  influence  of  this  moral  death  of 
themselves  they  will  never  go  to  Jesus.  "  No 
man,"  says  Jesus,  "can  come  to  me  except  the 
Fatiier  who  hath  sent  me  draw  him.''  Original  sin 
has  tiie  first  hold  of  a  human  heart,  and  it  will  never 
let  it  go  till  the  all-powerful  hand  of  grace  destroys 
its  dominion. 

Original  sin  has  doomed  the  race  except  where 
the  Spirit  of  Christ  has  given  a  new  heart  and  saving 
faith.  "  By  the  offense  of  one  judgment  came  upon 
all  men  to  condemnation.'" — Horn.  v.  18.  "  lie  that 
believeth  not  is  condemned  already." — John  iii.  18. 
This  is  the  condition  before  God  of  all  who  have 
kept  away  from  Jesus  over  the  whole  earth :  they 
are  in  a  state  of  total  perversion  from  God. 

Osage,  Iowa,  the  county  town  of  Mitchell 
County,  is  widely  known  and  honored  for  its  ad- 
herence to  temperance  principles  and  the  high 
moral  tone  of  its  people.  The  Baptist  church  was 
organized  in  1862.  It  has  grown  into  an  eflicient 
body  of  170  members.  The  Cedar  Valley  Semi- 
nary, one  of  the  Baptist  schools  of  Iowa,  under  the 
care  of  the  Cedar  Valley  Baptist  Association,  is 
located  at  Osage. 

Osborn,  Eev.  John  W.,  of  Scio,  Linn  Co.,  Ore- 
gon, was  born  Oct.  LS,  LS38.  His  father  was  a  labo- 
rious and  successful  preacher.  He  was  in  his  youth 
wild,  worldly,  and  loved  to  ridicule  religion  ;  but 
in  18.59,  during  one  of  his  father's  meetings,  he  was 
converted,  and  two  months  later,  while  studying  at 
Pella  University,  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Elihu  Gunn, 
and  joined  the  Pella  church.  He  was  ordained  at 
Concord,  Iowa,  in  March,  1864.  preached  in  many 
places  for  two  years  in  Iowa,  Nebraska,  and  Colo- 


rado, and  in  1866  removed  to  Oregon,  ai»d  preached 
in  Polk  County  until  187.'i,  when  lie  removed  to 
the  Forks  of  Santiam.  In  187^,  on  account  of 
sickness  he  removed  to  Eastern  Oregon,  and  spent 
some  time  in  Washington  Territory,  doing  mission- 
ary work  at  Dayton,  Grande  Ronde,  the  Cove,  In- 
dian Creek,  and  other  places.  Returning  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1880,  he  settled  at  Scio,  and  is  pastor  of  the 
i'rovidence  and  Union  churches,  where  he  has  had 
his  greatest  successes.  Brother  Osborn  has  always 
preached  without  a  stated  salary  ;  he  has  done  a  vast 
amount  of  uiission  work  in  Central  Oregon  for 
the  Yamhill,  McMinnville,  Union,  Dallas,  Lacrole, 
Providence,  Antioch,  Oak  Creek,  Pilgrim's  Home, 
Pleasant  Valley,  Shiloh,  Scio,  and  other  churches  ; 
organized  many  new  churches;  helped  to  organize 
the  General  Baptist  Association  of  Oregon,  in  1868  ; 
has  been  active  on  missionary  boards,  and  is  one 
of  the  most  earnest,  self-denying,  and  influential 
Baptist  preachers  in  the  Central  Association  of 
Orei^oti. 

Osborn,  Rev.  John  Wesley,  Sr.,  was  born  of 
]\Ipthodist  parents,  Aug.  19,  1802.  His  parents 
afterwards  became  Baptists,  and  the  father  a  Bap- 
tist minister.  The  son  was  converted  and  baptized 
in  1821,  in  St.  Clair  Co.,  111.  ;  licensed  in  1826,  or- 
dained in  1830.  He  traveled  extensively  in  Cen- 
tral and  Northern  Illinois,  Southern  AVisconsin, 
and  Iowa,  with  little  or  no  salary  ;  organized  many 
permanent  churches,  and  baptized  over  3000  con- 
verts. He  preferred  to  go  where  there  was  no 
preaching,  and  build  up  churches  from  his  own 
labors.  He  was  often  bitterly  opposed  ;  sometimes 
his  life  was  threatened  ;  some  of  his  enemies  were 
converted,  and  became  powerful  helpers  of  the  truth. 
In  1866  he  reinoved  to  Oregon  ;  served  the  Union, 
Lacrole,  Antioch,  Dallas,  North  Palestine,  Provi- 
dence, and  Scio  churches.  He  was  doctrinal  in 
preaching,  using  only  brief  notes,  and  swayed  his 
audiences  with  the  eloquence  of  truth.  Died  Oct. 
16,  1875.  and  left  his  youngest  soti  in  the  work  of 
the  ministry;  one  of  Oregon's  successful  Bajilist 
preachers. 

Osborn,  Lucien  M.,  LL.D.,  was  Ijorn  in  Ash- 
tabula, 0..  in  1823  :  graduated  at  Madison  Univer- 
sity in  1847  ;  principal  of  the  grammar-school  of 
^ladison  University,  18.51-.')6  :  Professor  of  Mathe- 
matics and  Natural  Philosophy  in  the  univer- 
sity, 1856-68.  Since  1868,  Professor  of  Natural 
Sciences  ;  degree  of  LL.D.  conferred  by  Denison 
University  in  1872;  a.ssociated  for  some  time  with 
the  president  of  Madison  University  "to  take- 
charge  of  the  internal  discipline  of  the  university, 
which  delicate  and  difficult  task  was  performed 
with  high  credit."  Dr.  Osborn  has  a  higli  stand- 
ing in  the  Baptist  denomination,  and  he  is  among 
the  purest  and  most  useful  riien  in  it. 

Osgood,  S.  M.,  D.P.,  died  at  Chicago,  July  9, 


OTTAWA 


.S70 


OWEN 


1875.  He  was  horn  at  Henderson,  Jefferson  Co., 
N.  Y.,  March  2,  ISOT,  being  tlie  son  of  Rev.  Emory 
Osgood.  At  the  age  of  nine  years  he  became 
a  Christian,  and  was  baptized  by  his  father.  He 
entered  active  life  as  a  printer,  in  Watertown, 
N,  Y.,  and  in  this  place,  witli  the  exception  of  brief 
intervals,  lived  some  ten  years,  at  the  end  of  that 
time  becoming  connected  with  the  office  of  the 
Baptist  Regisiei-,  in  Utica,  N.  Y.,  uniting  with  the 
Broad  Street  Baptist  church  in  that  city.  After 
one  year  in  Utica  he  removed  to  Cortland,  N.  Y., 
and,  in  company  with  Mr.  Rufus  A.  Reed,  took 
charge  of  the  Cortland  Chronicle.  Returning  to 
Watertown  in  1831,  he  had  for  his  pastor  there 
Rev.  Jacob  Knapp,  and  was  made  a  deacon  in  the 
church.  In  1834  he  was  appointed  missionary 
printer  at  Maulmain,  Burmab,  and  on  July  3  of 
that  year  sailed  from  Boston  in  the  ship  "Cash- 
mere." His  associates  on  the  voyage  w^-e  Jonathan 
Wade,  Grover  S.  Comstock,  AVilliam  Dean,  and 
Miss  Ann  Gardner.  There  were,  besides,  three 
missionaries  of  the  American  board. 

Mr.  Osgood  remained  jit  Maulmain  until  1846, 
rendering  most  valuable  service.  One  of  his  re- 
ports, covering  a  period  of  two  years,  "  showed 
that  in  that  time  the  seven  iron  hand-presses  of  the 
mission  had  turned  out  nearly  seven  hundred  thou- 
sand copies  of  different  publications,  including  al- 
most nine  million  pages  of  the  Scriptures  in  the 
New  Testament  and  different  books  of  the  Old." 
Returning  to  this  country  in  1846,  Mr.  Osgood  was 
appointed  an  agent  of  the  Missionary  Union  for 
Western  New  York  ;  after  seven  years  his  field  was 
changed  to  that  of  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania, 
Delaware,  and  the  District  of  Columbia,  his  resi- 
dence being  at  Philadelphia.  In  1860  he  was  ap- 
pointed district  secretary  for  tlie  West,  with  his 
residence  at  Chicago.  This  was  his  work  until  his 
death, — a  period  of  fifteen  most  laborious  and  useful 
years.  He  was  a  man  greatly  beloved  in  all  rela- 
tions, a  devout  Christian,  a  judicious  adviser,  en- 
ergetic, indefatigable  in  service,  with  a  singular 
faculty  for  engaging  the  confidence  and  interest  of 
all  whom  he  approached. 

Ottawa  University  was  originated  in  1860, 
under  the  name  of  the  Roger  Williams  University. 
During  the  meeting  of  the  Kansas  Baptist  State 
Convention,  held  in  Atcheson  in  1860,  the  location 
of  the  institution  was  discussed.  Several  places 
desired  to  secure  it.  Rev.  John  T.  Jones,  a  dele- 
gate from  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Ottawa  (In- 
dian), informed  the  Convention  that  his  people  for 
some  time  had  felt  the  need  of  a  school  of  high 
grade,  and,  as  they  wore  all  Bnptists,  they  would 
unite  with  their  white  brethren  in  their  educational 
efforts.  In  December,  1860,  the  trustees  of  the 
projected  university  visited  the  Ottawa  nation,  and 
after  a  full  conference  with  these  Indian  Baptists 


they  agreed  to  give  20,000  acres  of  their  land,  then 
worth  something  over  $20,000,  to  aid  in  the  new 
educational  enterprise.  This  pi-oposed  contract  be- 
came a  law  in  1862.  In  1865  the  name  of  Roger 
Williams  was  dropped,  and  the  institution  incorpo- 
rated under  the  naiue  of  the  Ottawa  University. 
The  change  took  place  in  compliance  with  the  ex- 
press wish  of  the  Ottawas,  who  desired  to  perpetu- 
ate their  name.  Owing  to  the  disturbed  state  of 
the  country  the  institution  was  greatly  impeded  in 
its  progress  until  1865.  The  college  edifice  was 
completed  in  1869,  at  a  cost  of  S40,000. 

It  is  located  near  the  thriving  city  of  Ottawa,  Kan- 
sas, some  fifty-five  miles  southwest  of  Kansas  City. 
It  has  an  endowment  of  640  acres  of  choice  land, 
on  a  part  of  which  the  university  stands.  The 
buildings  are  large  and  substantial  stone  struc- 
tures. There  were  ninety-three  students  in  attend- 
ance last  year,  to  whom  Dr.  P.  J.  Williams,  the 
president,  and  his  able  assistants  gave  thorough 
instruction.  The  institution  needs  an  endowment 
that  would  enable  it  to  increase  the  faculty  and  to 
meet  all  current  expenses  without  annual  appeals 
to  the  churches  and  its  friends.  Dr.  Williams  is 
unusually  well  qualified,  by  talents,  acquirements, 
facility  for  imparting  instruction,  and  executive 
ability,  for  the  position  he  occupies.  The  vigorous 
and  expanding  Baptist  denomination  of  Kansas  is 
in  great  need  of  the  university.  The  friends  of 
truth  could  not  make  a  better  investment  than  to 
place  a  generous  endowment  at  the  service  of  Ot- 
tawa University. 

Ottumwa,  Iowa  (pop.  9018),  county-seat  of 
Wapello  County,  has  two  Baptist  churches.  The 
First  was  constituted  in  1855,  and  has  a  present 
membership  of  139.  The  Second  was  constituted 
in  1869,  and  is  still  a  small  company.  There  is 
also 'a  colored  Baptist  church  of  twenty-one  mem- 
bers. 

Overby,  Rev.  E..  R.,  was  born  in  Dinwiddle  Co., 
Va.,  Oct.  12.  1827  :  was  a  licensed  preacher  in  the 
Methodist  Church  ;  he  was  baptized  in  Petersburg, 
Va.,  in  July.  1850;  spent  two  years  at  Richmond 
College,  and  served  as  pastor  of  two  colored 
churches  in  Petersburg  while  at  college ;  served 
as  agent  of  Murfreesborough  Fenuxle  Institute  in 
185!i ;  settled  as  pastor  in  Elizabeth  City  in  1859. 
and,  Avith  the  exception  of  a  year  spent  as  agent  of 
AVake  Forest  College,  has  lived  and  labored  for 
twenty-one  years  in  the  section  where  he  now  re- 
sides. A  man  of  power  with  the  people,  and  pos- 
sessing many  noble  qualities. 

Owen,  Alfred,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Chiva,  !Me., 
July  20,  1829,  where  he  spent  his  boyhood  and  re- 
ceived his  academical  education  ;  graduated  from 
AVaterville  College  after  a  four  years'  course  of 
study,  in  1853 ;  taught  an  academy  two  years  at 
Bridgeton,  Me.,  and  in  1855  entered  Newton  Theo- 


OWEN 


OWENS 


logical  Seminary  ;  supplied  the  Iligii  Street  cluii-ch, 
of  Lynn,  Mass.,  during  a  largo  ]iart  of  his  semi- 
nary course,  and  became  pastor  of  this  church  on 
his  graduation,  in  1858.     In  ISCiT  he  left  Lynn  and 


ALFRED    OWEN,    D.I). 

became  pastor  of  the  Lafayette  Avenue  church, 
Detroit.  Mich.,  where  he  remained  until  July,  1S77. 
Tlie  following  two  years  he  was  pastor  of  the  Uni- 
versity Place  church,  Chicago.  III.  In  IS79  he  was 
elected  president  of  Denison  University,  0.,  which 
position  he  still  holds. 

Dr.  Owen  has  written  much  for  the  papers,  and 
has  given  courses  of  lectures  in  Ministers'  Insti- 
tutes, as  well  as  before  the  students  of  Chicago  and 
Newton  Theological  Seminaries.  lie  has  had  large 
experience  in  educational  work,  is  a  scholarly 
writer  and  preacher,  and  gives  great  satisfaction 
as  a  college  president.     Kalamazoo  College  con- 


ferred the  honorary  degree  of  D.  D.  upon  him  in 
1S71. 

Owen,  Rev.  Ezra  D.,  was  horii  nearNorristown, 
Pa.,  in  KSO'J.  His  parents  came  to  Scipio,  N.  Y., 
in  1810.  lie  was  converted  and  joined  the  Baptist 
church  of  Venice  in  182G.  lie  studied  in  the 
common  schools  and  under  Dr.  Smith,  and  was  or- 
dained at  Branch])ort  in  18150.  He  was  pastor  at 
liranehport  five  years.  In  LSo.")  he  and  his  wife 
came  by  carriage  to  Springfield,  O.,  wiiere  he  served 
as  pastor  one  year.  lie  came  next  to  Cincinnati, 
and  soon  had  an  appointment  from  the  Amerii^an 
Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  to  go  to  Richmond, 
Ind.  He  labored  there  two  years,  and  was  called 
to  the  pastorate  of  the  church  at  Madison.  He 
.served  this  church  as  pastor  ten  or  twelve  years,  in 
the  mean  time  undertaking  the  issuing  of  an  Indi- 
ana Baptist  newspaper, — the  American  Mcisenr/er. 
After  publishing  it  at  Madison  for  about  three 
yeju's,  he  removed  it  to  Indianapolis  in  the  fail  of 
1846.  During  the  time  of  his  editorship  at  Indian- 
apolis he  was  also  under  appointment  by  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Alission  Society,  and 
founded  the  Baptist  church  at  Evansville.  The 
American  Messenger  was  sold  to  the  Cross  and 
Journal,  of  Ohio,  and  thenceforth  the  name  was 
tiio  Journal  and  Messenger.  He  then  was  called  by 
the  Lafixyette  church,  which  be  served  three  years, 
after  which  he  was  invited  back  to  Madison,  which 
he  served  till  his  death,  Sept.  2fi,  1852. 

Owens,  Deacon  Benjamin  W.,  was  bom   in 

South  Carolina  in  1818,  lived  in  Alabama  and  Ar- 
kansas, where  he  was  baptized  in  I8.'55,  and  settled 
at  Stockton,  Cal.,  in  LSoO.  He  helped  to  organize 
the  first  Baptist  church  in  that  city,  bougiit  a 
house  for  its  worship,  helped  to  build  another, 
and  paid  several  thousand  dollars  for  erecting  an- 
other. In  1868  he  settled  in  San  Francisco,  and 
was  a  deacon  of  the  Tabernacle  and  Columbia 
Square  churches  many  years.  He  is  a  generous 
layman,  active  on  mission  and  educational  boards, 
and  never  more  happy  than  when  engaged  with 
others  in  revivals. 


PAGE 


878 


PAIKE 


P. 


Page,  Rev.  J. — Few  ministers  in  Florida  have 
been  more  useful  than  Rev.  James  Page,  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  (colored)  church  at  Tallahassee.  For 
about  forty  years  he  has  labored  in  the  city  and 
vicinity,  and  whether  as  a  slave  or  freedman,  has 
commanded  the  respect  and  confidence  of  all  classes. 
Nor  is  his  influence  confined  to  his  immediate  sec- 
tion, it  is  felt  for  good  among  the  colored  Baptists 
nearly  all  over  the  State.  He  visited  Thomasville, 
Ga.,  in  1860,  and,  by  invitation,  preached  accept- 
ably to  the  white  congregation.  Mr.  Page  is  a 
man  of  good  sense  and  observation  ;  he  is  an  earn- 
est student  of  the  Bible,  and  he  has  long  been 
an  acceptable  preacher  of  the  gospel.  lie  is  a  man 
of  large  frame,  robust  constitution,  and  though 
now  quite  an  old  mnn,  is.  the  unaided  pastor  of  a 
clrurch  numbering  some  12G0  members. 

He  has  been  for  several  years  the  clerk  of  the 
Bethlehem  Association,  a  very  large  body,  and  the 
first  organized  by  the  colored  Baptists  of  the  State. 
He  is  a  progressive  man,  the  friend  of  education, 
and  has  earnestly  favored  the  effort  to  build  up  a 
school  for  the  special  benefit  of  the  ministry  of  his 
race. 

Page,  Lady  Mary,  the  wife  of  Sir  Gregory 
Page,  was  brought  to  the  Saviour  in  early  life. 
She  examined  the  baptismal  question,  and  the 
grounds  for  dissenting  from  the  Episcopal  Church, 
for  five  years,  and,  having  decided  that  she  could 
not  make  any  improvement  upon  the  Saviour's  ex- 
ample, she  was  immersed  by  Mr.  Maisters,  in  the 
presence  of  more  than  two  hundred  spectators. 
Further  reading,  especially  during  a  protracted 
sickness,  but  confirmed  her  in  sher  religious  prin- 
ciples and  in  her  attachment  to  her  church  home. 
Says  one  who  knew  her,  "  Her  constant  regard  for 
the  church,  her  tender  concern  for  pastor  and 
people,  her  uncommon  benefaction  upon  their  re- 
moval hither,  deserve  a  particular  acknowledgment, 
as  does  also  her  further  bounty  given  in  her  last 
w^ill  for  the  relief  of  the  poor  members.  She  dis- 
tributed vast  sums  of  money  in  so  silent  a  way  that 
'  her  left  hand  knew  not  what  her  right  hand  did.' "' 
She  endured  severe  afflictions  with  heaven-given 
patience.  She  enjoyed  a  clear  hope  through  the 
blood  of  the  Lamb,  and  without  a  struggle  she  fell 
asleep  in  Jesus,  March  4,  172S.  She  was  liuried  in 
Bunhill-fields,  in  London,  in  which  city  she  died. 
She  was  a  great  ornament  to  her  holy  profession  ; 
she  lived  in  the  hearts  of  the  members  of  her  church. 


and  in  a  multitude  of  other  hearts.  Mr.  Richard- 
son, her  pastor,  preached  a  funeral  sermon  for  her. 
^Ir.  Harrison,  a  neighboring  Baptist  minister, 
preached  another  funeral  sermon  to  commemorate 
God's  grace  in  her  holy  life  and  death.  And  he 
delivered  a  funeral  oration  when  she  was  interred; 
he  also  composed  an  ode  in  honor  of  the  deceased, 
in  which  he  says, — 

"  At  length  the  heroine's  Clowned.     Her  numerous  foes, 
Witli  "whom  she  long  conflicted,  are  snbdued  ; 
Under  her  feet  they're  laid,  w  liile  she,  in  strains 
Angelic,  sings  the  praises  of  the  Lord." 

Page,  Stephen  B.,  D.D.,  was  torn  in  Fayette, 
Me.,  Oct.  16,  180.S  :  spent  his  early  life  in  the  family 
of -Rev.  -Justin  Edwards,  D.D. ;  was  converted  at  the 
age  of  eighteen,  and  united  with  the  Baptist  church 
at  Hartford,  Conn.,  being  the  first  person  baptized 
by  Barnas  Sears,  D.D.,  then  just  ordained;  pur- 
sued his  preparatory  studies  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y., 
and  graduated  at  Waterville.  Me.,  in  1835.  After 
spending  one  year  in  teaching,  entered  Newton 
Theological  Seminary,  which  he  left  in  1839.  In 
September,  1839,  became  pastor  at  Masillon,  0., 
and  in  1844  at  Wooster,  0.,  where  he  remained 
six  years.  In  1850  took  charge  of  the  Norwalk, 
0.,  Baptist  church,  and  in  1854  of  the  Third 
church,  in  Cleveland,  where  he  continued  with 
much  success  until  1.861,  when  he  assumed  the 
pastoral  care  of  the  Second  (now  Euclid  Avenue) 
church  of  Cleveland.  This  church  at  the  time  of 
his  srettlement  was  heavily  in  debt  and  apparently 
near  e.xtinction.  but  under  his  well-directed  labors 
grew  largely  in  numbers  .and  strength.  In  1866 
he  resigned  this  pastorate,  and  engaged  in  a  suc- 
cessful effort  to  complete  an  endowment  of  $100,000 
for  Denison  University.  Shortly  after  this  he  was 
appointed  by  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Society  district  secretary  for  Ohio  and  AVest  Vir- 
ginia, this  latter  State  being  subsequently,  how- 
everj  given  to  another,  and  Indiana  and  Michigan 
added  to  his  field.  In  this  work  he  continued  nearly 
twelve  years,  during  which  time  he  collected  over 
§100.000  f.ir  home  mission  work. 

Feb.  1, 1880,  Dr.  Page  resigned  his  secretaryship. 
He  continues  to  reside  in  Clevelaiul.  being  with  one 
esce]ition  the  oldest  resident  minister  in  the  city. 

Paine,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Pom  fret.  Conn., 
in  1793:  baptized  in  1813.  by  Rev.  Amos  Wells ; 
united  with  tlie  Baptist  church  in  Hampton,  Conn. ; 
oi'dained  and  settled  pastor  of  the  same  church  in 


PAINTER 


879 


PALMHR 


1819,  and  reiiiained  eight  years;  in  1827  removed 
to  Auburn,  Mass.,  then  to  Ward,  Mass.,  where  he 
labored  ten  years  ;  subsequent  pastorates  were  in 
Bozrali,  Conn.,  four  years;  in  South  AVoodstock, 
eleven  years;  in  Packersville,  Conn.,  five  years; 
always  a  close  student,  clear  thinker,  instructive 
preacher,  judicious  pastor;  removed  to  Preston, 
Conn.,  in  18()3,  where  he  died  April  29,  1864,  aged 
seventy-one  years.  His  daughter  Mary  married 
Rev.  0.  A\'.  (latcs,  tidw  of  ralifiirnia. 

Painter,  Mr.,  and  the  Persecuting  Laws  of 
Massachusetts. — In  1644  the  General  Court  of 
Massachusetts  decided  "That  if  any  person  or 
persons  within  this  jurisdiction  shall  e\i\\er  openly 
condemn  or  oppose  the  haptizinr/  of  infants,  or  go 
about  secret/;/  to  seduce  others  from  the  approliaiion 
or  use  thereof,  or  shall  purposely  depart  the  conrjre- 
gation  at  theministration  of  the  ordinance,  or  shall 
deny  the  ordinance  of  magistracy,  or  their  lawful 
right  and  authority  to  make  war,  or  to  punish  the 
outward  breaches  of  the  first  table  (of  the  ten  com- 
mandments), and  shall  appear  to  the  court  wilfully 
and  obstinately  to  continue  therein  after  due  time 
and  means  of  conviction,  every  such  person  or 
persons  shall  be  sentenced  to  banishment."  Mr. 
Backus,  speaking  of  this  wicked  law  enacted  by 
our  Congregational  brethren,  says,  "  I  have  dili- 
gently searched  all  the  books,  records,  and  papers 
I  could  come  at  upon  all  sides,  and  have  found  a 
great  mimtier  of  instances  of  Baptists  suffering  for 
the  aljovo  points  that  we  own."  Baptists  "  refused 
to  countenance  infant  baptism  and  the  use  of  secu- 
lar force  in  religious  affairs,"  and  Backus  found 
many  cases  of  persons  persecuted  by  law  for  op- 
posing infant  baptism  in  the  methods  specified. 
Painter,  in  1644,  "a  poor  man,  was  suddenly 
turned  Anabaptist,  and  having  a  child  born,  would 
not  suffer  his  wife  to  carry  it  to  be  baptized.  lie 
was  complained  of  for  this  to  the  court,  and  en- 
joined by  them  to  suffer  his  child  to  be  baptized. 
And  because  he  refused  to  obey  them  therein,  and 
told  them  it  was  an  anticliristian  ordinance,  theij 
tied  him  up  and  whipped  him,  which  he  bore  with- 
out flinching,  and  declared  he  had  divine  help  to 
support  him."  Gov.  Winthrop  says  that  "  he  be- 
longed to  Hingham,  and  that  he  was  whipped  for 
denying  the  Lord's  onjinance."  (History  of  tlie 
Baptists  in  New  England,  by  Isaac  Backus,  i. 
127-''~>.  Newton.)  This  stinging  argument  brought 
no  conviction  to  the  mind  of  Mr.  Painter,  and  it 
only  showed  the  dearth  of  Scriptural  reasons  for 
the  infant  rite,  and  the  lack  of  justice  and  common 
sense  in  those  who  tried  to  secure  persuasion  with 
the  lash.  More  than  a  hundred  years  earlier  the 
same  kind  of  argument  was  freely  used  in  Switzer- 
land, and  in  our  own  times  force  has  Itrouglit  the 
Baptist  infant  to  the  font  in  Germany.  But  this 
old  argument  of  the  hinlnvaynian  will   <rra<luallv 


fall  into  disuse  as  men  see  its  worthlessness  and  its 
tiiorough  wickedness. 
Palen,  Rev.  Vincent,  was  bom  Jan.  17,  1810, 

in  Poughkrc'psic,  \.  V.,  of  Methodist  parents.  He 
experienced  religion  in  1828,  although  he  did  not 
then  make  a  public  profession.  In  1S33  he  became 
a  full  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
and  apreacher.  After  filling  a  circuit  appointment 
he  held  a  protracted  meeting  at  McAllister's  church, 
near  Ilarrisburg.  Pa.,  at  which  120  persons  pro- 
fessed conversion.  From  these  converts  a  church 
was  organized,  of  which  he  was  chosen  pastor. 
Some  of  the  candidates  for  membership  refusing  to 
accept  sprinkling  as  baptism,  he  was  led  carefully 
to  investigate  the  subject  of  baptism,  and  became 
convinced  that  immersion  is  tlie  only  Scriptural 
mode.  He  was  baptized  in  the  Susquehanna  River 
at  Ilarrisburg.  by  Rev.  E.  Thomas,  a  AV'inebrenna- 
rian  minister,  and  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  in 
that  body.  After  a  pastorate  here  of  sixteen 
months  (during  which  a  meeting-house  was  built), 
followed  by  a  brief  engagement  at  Baltimore,  he 
united,  in  1843,  with  the  High  Street  Baptist  church 
in  that  city,  ^lay  25,  1845,  after  which  he  was  or- 
dained. Rev.  S.  P.  Hill,  D.D.,  preaching  the  ser- 
mon. From  this  time  until  the  outbreak  of  the 
war  his  time  was  divided  among  evangelistic,  mis- 
sionary, and  pastoral  labors.  The  beginning  of 
the  war  found  him  at  Portsmouth,  Va.,  from  which 
he  was  sent  to  Richmond,  and  imprisoned  as  an 
"  alien  enemy."  He  was,  however,  soon  released, 
and  on  reaching  Washington  was  appointed  a  hos- 
pital chaplain.  He  discharged  the  duties  of  this 
office  with  efficiency  and  unflagging  zeal.  In  this 
and  other  ways  he  rendered  very  important  service 
to  the  government  during  the  great  struggle.  At 
the  close  of  the  war  he  was,  with  one  exception, 
the  last  hospital  chaplain  mustered  out  of  the  ser- 
vice, and  he  was  then  transferred  to  the  regular 
army  as  post  chaplain.  In  December,  1869,  in  con- 
sequence of  chronic  ill  health,  he  was  at  his  own 
request  retired  from  active  service.  He  has  since 
resided  in  Camden,  N.  J.  As  his  health  permits 
he  continues  to  fill  up  the  measure  of  his  useful- 
ness by  preaching  and  other  Christian  ministries. 

Palmer,  Albert  Gallatin,  D.D.,  son  of  Luther 

and  Saiah  (Keiiyon)  Palmer,  was  Ijoni  in  North 
Stonington,  Conn.,  May  II,  1813;  experienced  re- 
ligion at  nine  years  of  age ;  baptized  by  Rev.  Jon- 
athan Miner,  in  1829  ;  joined  First  Baptist  church 
in  North  Stonington  ;  began  early  to  preach,  and 
supplied  for  a  year  the  church  in  Andover,  Conn. ; 
pursued  academical  studies  at  Kingston  and  Paw- 
tucket,  R.  I.,  anil  Andover.  Mass.  :  preached  for 
First  Baptist  church  in  North  Stonington,  by 
which  body  he  was  ordained  in  1834;  was  pastor 
of  First  Baptist  church  in  Westerly,  R.  I.,  from 
1837  to  1843,  and  blessed  in  his  work;  pastor  of 


PALMER 


880 


PALM  MR 


Stonington  Borough  church,  Conn.,  from  1843  to 
1852,  and  prospered;  enjoyed  three  revivals  of 
power;  pastor  of  the  church  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y., 
for  three  years  ;  pastor  at  Bridgeport,  Conn. ;  pastor 
for  three  years  at  Wakefield,  R.  I.,  and  shared  large 
revivals:  in  1861,  by  urgent  solicitation,  returned 
to  Stonington  Borough  •  rich  and  constant  blessings 
followed ;  he  is  here  now  laboring  with  great  honor, 
having  served  at  this  post  twenty-seven  years  :  re- 
ceived from  Madison  University  the  honorary  de- 
gree of  Doctor  of  Divinity  ;  in  1844  published  a 
small  volume,  "  The  Early  Baptists  of  Connecti- 
cut;" in  1872,  a  "  Historical  Discourse"  (Centen- 
niiil),  given  before  the  Stonington  Union  Associa- 
tion ;  above  one  hundred  sermons  and  sketches  in 
the  Christian  Secretary,  of  Hartford,  various  mis- 
sionary papers  of  worth,  numerous  poems  and  son- 
nets, and  a  superior  translation  of  "  Dies  Irse  ;"  is  a 
preacher  of  remarkable  gravity,  unction,  and  earn- 
estness ;  possesses  marked  talents,  guided  by  strong 
faith ;  for  years  was  president  of  the  Connecticut 
Baptist  State  Convention  ;  always  a  strong  advo- 


^ 


Nearly  200  have  been  baptized  since  his  labors 
in  Bridgeton  began,  the  membership  has  almost 
doubled,  and  the  work  of  the  church  has  been  very 
much   enlarged.      In    connection   with    the    South 


ALBERT    GAbliATIN     TALMER,   D.T). 

cate   of  education,   temperance,   and   missions;    a 
leader  among  Connecticut  liaptists. 

Palmer,  Ethan  B.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Austor- 
litz,  N.  Y.,  March  12,  1836  ;  baptized  at  East  Hills- 
dale in  1852;  graduated  from  Madison  University 
in  1860,  and  from  the  seminary  in  1863  ;  was  or- 
dained in  the  city  of  New  York,  Jan.  6,  1864; 
labored  in  Newbern,  N.  C,  and  at  other  places. 
In  March,  1872,  he  began  his  pastorate  of  the  First 
church,  Bridgeton,   N.  J.,   where'   he    continues. 


ETUAN"   "B.    PALMER,    D.D. 

Jersey  Institute,  Mr.  Palmer  has  found  a  large  field 
for  his  labors,  and  his  counsels  on  the  denomina- 
tional boards  are  very  serviceable. 

Palmer,  Henry,  M.D.,  an  eminent  and  widely- 
known  physician  and  surgeon  of  Janesville,  Wis., 
was  born  in  New  Hartford,  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July 
30,  1827.  He  is  a  son  of  Deacon  Ephraim  Palmer, 
a  well-known  Baptist  of  Edgorton.  Wis.  His  father 
was 'a  farmer,  and  IltMiry  assisted  in  the  manage- 
ment of  the  farm  until  he  was  nineteen  years  of 
iigp.  During  the  winter  he  attended  the  district 
schools  of  his  neighborhood.  lie  subsequently 
completed  a  full  course  of  studios  at  the  Academy 
of  Cazenovia,  N.  Y.  From  his  early  boyhood  he 
earnestly  desired  to  prepare  himself  for  the  medi- 
cal profession.  Owing,  however,  to  his  want  of 
pecuniary  resources  he  was  obliged  to  delay  his 
chouislied  plan,  and  several  years  were  devoted  to 
other  pursuits,  chiefly  teaching  school.  In  1851 
he  entered  the  office  of  Drs.  March  and  Armsby,  at 
Albany,  N.  Y^,  both  of  whom  were  distinguished 
physicians  and  professors  in  the  Albany  Medical 
College,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1854.  In  1857 
he  established  himself  in  Janesville,  Wis.,  where  he 
has  built  up  a  very  extensive  local  practice,  and  in 
surgery  his  field  covers  the  State  at  large.  Since 
the  death  of  Dr.  E.  B.  Wolcott,  of  Milwaukee,  he 
ranks  as  the  leading  surgeon  in  Wisconsin. 


PALMER 


881 


J'ALMER 


On  the  outl)reak  of  the  civil  war  in  1861,  Dr. 
Palmer  offered  his  services  to  the  State,  and  was 
conimissioned  surgeon  of  the  7th  Wis.  Itegiiiient. 
Subsequently  lie  was  appointed  director  of  the 
hospital  service  in  Baltimore.  He  was  afterwards 
transferred  to  the  same  service  in  York,  Pa.  At 
this  post  he  remained  two  years.  When  Gen. 
Lee's  army  commenced  the  invasion  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, York  fell  into  their  hands,  and  he  was  taken 
prisoner,  but  escaped  during  the  progress  of  the 
battle  of  Gettysburg,  and  immediately  took  posses- 
sion of  his  hospital,  filling  it  with  the  wounded  from 
the  battle-field.  In  March,  18G4,  he  was  assigned 
to  duty  as  medical  inspector  of  the  8th  Corps  of  the 
Army  of  tiie  Potomac.  lie  continued  in  this  posi- 
tion until  the  end  of  the  war,  when  he  was  ordered 
to  Chicago  to  close  up  the  medical  department  of 
the  Western  district.  This  service  performed,  he 
returned  again  to  the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
Janesvilie,  Wis.,  having  won  honorable  distinction 
in  the  army,  and  tiie  highest  place  in  his  profession. 

For  many  j'ears  Dr.  Palmer  has  been  a  Baptist. 
The  numerous  demands  made  upon  his  time  by 
his  professional  engagements  prevent  his  shar- 
ing largely  in  the  active  work  of  the  church  of 
which  he  is  a  member.  lie  is  a  man  of  exemplary 
life,  thorough  conscientiousness,  and  earnestness  in 
his  profession.  Twice  his  fellow-townsmen  have 
elected  him  mayor  of  the  city.  During  the  late 
war  between  Turkey  and  Russia,  Dr.  Palmer  went 
to  Europe  for  the  purpose  of  visiting  the  hospitals 
of  the  contending  armies,  to  acquaint  himself  with 
the  latest  results  of  the  science  of  surgery  attained 
by  the  profession  in  those  countries.  He  was 
freely  passed  through  the  lines,  and  allowed  every 
facility  for  accomplishing  his  object. 

Dr.  Palmer  has  won  an  enviable  position,  but  at 
fifty  years  of  age,  in  fine  physical  health,  with  un- 
impaired mental  powers,  he  may  lie  said  to  have 
but  entered  upon  his  professional  career.  His  past 
s]ilendid  success  justifies  the  hojie  of  his  friends 
that  his  future  will  be  brilliant,  and  of  still  larger 
usefulness  to  his  fellow-men. 

Palmer,  Rev.  Lyman,  was  born  in  Dutchess 
Co.,  N.  Y..  Xns-  I'J.  I'^l>^:  his  parents  were  ijoth 
Baptists,  and  tiii'ir  home  was  a  ])lace  of  hearty 
welcome  for  ministerial  brethren  at  all  times.  In 
ids  early  years  he  listenccl  to  many  theological 
discussions  in  the  quiet  old  farm-house  of  his 
parents.  After  repeated  struggles  with  his  con- 
science, aroused  by  the  truth  and  the  Holy  Spirit, 
he  became  a  subject  of  redeeming  grace  at  the  age 
of  nineteen.  He  at  once  united  with  tlic  Baptist 
church  in  East  Hillsdale,  Columbia  Co..  N.  Y. 
Soon  after  making  a  profession  of  religion,  he  had 
deep  convictions  of  duty  in  reference  to  preaching 
the  gospel.  The  salvation  of  his  soul  was  so 
precious  an  event  that   he    felt   he  owed   his  best 


services  to  the  Saviour,  who  had  redeemed  him. 
A  sense  of  unfitness  and  of  the  magnitude  of  the 
work  at  first  appeared  an  impassable  barrier. 
Through  increasing   light  he  was  brought  to  say 


REV.    I.V.MAN     I'Al.MF.R. 

from  the  heart,  ''  Yes,  Lord,  I  will  do  anything 
thou  requirest."'  After  a  few  months  he  received 
a  license  from  the  church  and  a  call  to  supply  their 
pulpit. 

He  entered  Madison  University  in  the  autumn 
of  1843.  He  had  previously  attended  an  academy, 
where  he  had  made  some  proficiency  in  Latin  and 
Greek.  After  one  year  of  close  application  to  study 
his  health  became  so  jjrecarious  that  he  left  the 
university,  and  reail  Greek  and  Hebrew  with  a  pri- 
vate teacher,  and  at  the  same  time  studied  theology 
with  his  pastor.  On  Lord's  day  he  supplied  desti- 
tute churches.  In  February,  1845,  he  was  ordained, 
that  he  might  go  to  Iowa  as  a  missionary  of  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mi.ssion  Society.  Before 
he  was  ready  to  journey  West  he  was  prostrated  by 
fever,  and  thus  prevented  from  entering  his  ciiosen 
field.  With  returning  health  he  entered  iipon 
missionary  work  in  Columbia  Co.,  N.  Y.  Here  the 
work  of  the  Lord  prospered  in  his  hands,  blessed 
results  crowning  his  labors.  He  organized  a 
cluirch.  nearly  all  of  whom  were  converted  and 
l)aptized  under  his  ministry.  In  18.51  he  received 
an  appointment  from  the  American  Baptist  Home 
Mission  Society  to  labor  in  the  Territory  of  Minne- 
sota. In  November,  1851.  he  started  for  the  falls 
of  St.  .\nthony,  but  having  to  cross  the  State  of 
Illinois  with  a  wairon,  he  did  not  reach  the  Missis- 


PALMER 


882 


PARKER 


sippi  at  Galena  until  after  the  last  boat  of  the  season 
had  gone  up  the  river.  He  remained  in  Galena 
during  the  winter  and  supplied  the  Baptist  pulpit. 
His  first  sermon  in  St.  Anthony  was  preached  on. 
Lord's  day,  April  24,  1852.  The  church  was  small, 
and  in  debt  for  their  unfinished  chapel.  After  three 
years'  hard  labor  the  church  increased  to  a  mem- 
bership of  67.  He  then  went  up  the  river  fifteen 
miles,  to  the  town,  of  Anoka.  Here  he  preached 
in  private  houses,  or  in  school-houses,  or  on  board 
of  steamboats,  as  opportunity  presented.  After 
three  years'  untiring  labor  a  good  meeting-house 
was  dedicated,  and,  by  the  generosity  of  friends, 
was  soon  free  from  debt.  He  served  the  Anoka 
church  eight  years,  leaving  them  with  a  good  work- 
ing membership  of  50.  A  part  of  the  time  during 
the  war,  teachers  being  very  scarce,  he  engaged  in 
teaching.  In  August,  1864,  he  commenced  labor 
as  colporteur  of  the  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society.  With  the  exception  of  about  one  year,  he 
labored  either  as  colporteur  or  Sunday-school  mis- 
sionary until  1875.  While  in  the  employment  of 
the  society  he  traveled  36,700  miles,  distributed  by 
sale  and  donation  12,700  books,  423,000  pages  of 
tracts,  besides  selling  and  giving  away  many  Bibles 
and  Testaments.  These  were  years  of  severe  ser- 
vice, traveling  in  all  weathers,  by  night  and  by 
day,  summer  and  winter,  lodging  in  all  manner  of 
places,  yet  they  were  happy  y^ars,  for  much  good 
was  accomplished  in  them..  Many  Christians  were 
strengthened,  the  weary  and  heavy-laden  were 
pointed  to  Christ,  and  Sunday-schools  and  churches 
were  organized  for  the  Master. 

Palmer,  N.  J.,  Esq. — Among  the  departed 
worthies  of  our  Zion  this  earnest  man  deserves 
honorable  mention.  He  was  a  lawyer,  an  editor, 
and  sometimes  preached.  For  many  years  he  Avas 
secretary  of  the  Baptist  State  Convention,  North 
Carolina,  and  a  trustee  of  Wake  Forest  College. 
He  was  a  devoted  Christian,  and  died  where  he  had 
lived  for  many  years,  in  Milton,  in  1855. 

Palmer,  Rev.  Wait,  the  fifst  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  North  Stonington,  Conn.,  was 
ordained  in  1743,  at  the  same  time  that  the  church 
was  organized  ;  remained  pastor  twenty-two  years  ; 
preached  often  in  destitute  regions  ;  baptized  Rev. 
Simeon  Brown  and  Rev.  Shubal  Stearns  ;  was  an 
actor  in  the  great  ''  New  Light,""  or  Separatist 
movement;  also  an  active  patriot  in  the  Revolu- 
tion, soon  after  which  he  died.  The  Baptist  min- 
istry in  Connecticut  has  been  honored  by  the 
•Palmers:  Christopher  Palmer,  ordained  in  1782; 
Abel  Palmer,  in  1785;  Reuben  Palmer,  in  1785; 
Greshani  Palnicr,  in  1805  ;  Phineas  Palmer,  in  180S. 

Palmer,  Rev.  William,  son  of  Rev.  Abel  and 
Lois  Palmer,  was  born  in  Colchester,  Conn.,  Sept. 
10,  I7S5:  was  a  student  from  boyhood:  was  con- 
verted and  baptized  at  the  age  of  eighteen  ;  re- 


ceived a  license  and  commenced  preaching  at  the 
age  of  twenty ;  in  1807  was  married  to  Sarah  Ben- 
nett, sister  of  Revs.  Alfred  and  Alvin  Bennett ;  in 
1809  was  ordained  at  Colchester,  sermon  preached 
by  Rev.  Samuel  Bliss,  of  StaflPord ;  settled  in  Ash- 
ford,  Conn.,  and  labored  three  years ;  settled  in 
his  native  town  and  preached  ten  years  ;  from  1824 
to  1834  was  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Norwich,  Conn.,  succeeding  Rev.  John  Sterry ; 
blessed  with  remarkable  revivals  in  1829  and  1832, 
in  which  he  baptized  more  than  a  hundred  ;  three 
years  with  the  church  in  East  Lyme,  Conn.;  four 
years  with  the  church  in  North  Lyme:  revivals 
attended  his  labors ;  again  filled  the  pastoral  oflBce 
in  Norwich  from  1841  to  1845,  when  impaii-ed 
health  compelled  his  retirement  from  the  pulpit 
except  occasionally.  lie  was  lovely  and  loved, 
meek,  quiet,  fervent,  and  faithful.  Passionately 
fond  of  study,  he  held  a  high  rank  as  a  preacher. 
For  twenty-five  years  he  was  the  clerk  of  the  New 
London  Baptist  Association.  Hfe  died  in  Norwich, 
Dec.  25,  1853,  at  the  age  of  sixty-eight,  and  after 
a  ministry  of  forty-eight  years,  and  was  buried  in 
Yantic  cemetery. 

Parker,  Rev.  Carleton,  was  bom  in  Ilopkinton, 

Mass.,  Nov.  30,  1806,  and  was  fitted  for  college  at 
South  Reading  and  Amherst  Academies.  He  grad-. 
uated  at  Waterville  College,  now  Colby  University, 
in  the  class  of  1834.<-  He  intended  to  have  entered 
the  ministry  on  graduating,  but  the  state  of  his 
health  forbade  him,  and  he  devoted  himself  to 
teaching  for  nearlj'  twenty  years.  Four  years  he 
was  the  principal  of  the  Vermont  Literary  and 
Scientific  Institution  at  Brandon.  From  1841  to 
1844  he  had  charge  of  Groton  Academy,  in  the 
State  of  New  York.;  For  three  years  he  had  a 
"  Home  School  for  Boys''  in  Framingham.  Mass. 
Feeling  that  the  state  of  his  health  now  warranted 
his  entei'ing  the  ministry,  he  was  ordained  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Wayne,  Me.,  in  Jlay, 
1852.  He  held  this  relation  until  September,  1856, 
then  went  to  Hebron.  INIe.,  where  he  was  the  pastor 
for  seven  years.  His  other  pastorates  were  in 
]Maine,  at  Canton,  Norridgewock,  and  North  Liver- 
more,  where  he  died,  Aug.  22,  1874.  B}'  his  will 
he  bequeathed  several  thousand  dollars  to  four  of 
the  lienevolcnt  societies  of  the  denomination  which 
he^had  served  so  long  and  so  well. 

Parker,  Hon.  D.  McNeil,  M.D.,  deacon  of  the 
Baptist  cliuroh,  (jranville  Street,  Halifax,  Nova 
Scotia,  was  born  in  1822,  at  Windsor,  Nova  Scotia  : 
graduated  M.D.  from  the  University  of  Edinburgh, 
Scotland,  in  1845;  returned  immediately  to  Nova 
Scotia,  and  has  ever  since  been  practising  his  pro- 
fession in  Halifax  with  high  reputation  for  skill; 
is  a  member  of  the  Legislative  Council,  a  governor 
of  Acadia  College,  and  a  liberal  supporter  of  all 
I  denominational  objects. 


PARKER 


883 


I'ARKinUSM 


Parker,  H.  I.,  D.D.,  w;is  born  of  pious  parents 
lit  Ciivondish,  Vt.,  Nov.  12,  1812.  At  the  age  of 
eighteen  lie  was  converted,  and  four  years  later 
was  baptized  by  Rev.  .Josepli  Freeman,  D.I).  After 
two  years'  study  at  the  Norwich  and  the  Black 
River  Academies,  and  one  year  at  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege, he  spent  two  years  as  instructor  at  "  The  Old 
Cambridge  Latin  School,"  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1840,  and  studied  theology  at  New- 
ton. He  was  ordained  at  Factory  Point,  Vt.,  in 
January,  1842,  and  was  pastor  at  Burlington,  Vt., 
from  1844  to  1854,  when  he  removed  to  Wisconsin 
to  aid  in  establishing  the  Baptist  Institution  at 
Beaver  Dam,  and  was  pastor  there  from  1856  to 
ISfil,  when,  on  account  of  ill  health,  he  removed  to 
Austin,  Minn.  Here  he  preached  at  six  different 
stations,  where  as  many  churches  were  afterwards 
organized.  In  1872  he  settled  in  California,  and 
has  ministered  to  the  churches  at  Visalia,  Santa 
Barbara,  and  .Santa  Anna.  During  the  thirty-eight 
years  of  his  ministry  he  has  enjoyed  many  revi- 
vals, laid  tiie  spiritual  foundations  of  many  new 
churches,  built  four  eiiurch  edifices,  helped  to  en- 
dow and  manage  two  institutions  of  learning,  and 
■was  for  eight  years  a  member  of  the  Minnesota 
State  Normal  Board.  In  May,  1880,  California 
College  conferred  upon  liim  the  degree  of  D.D. 

Parker,  Rev.  James,  was  l)orn  in  1812,  in  Ayles- 
ford.  Nova  Scotia;  converted  and  baptized  in  1828  ; 
he  was  ordained  May  19,  1842,  and  became  in  1843 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Brookfield,  Queen's 
Co.,  Nova  Scotia  ;  of  the  Third  Cornwallis  church 
in  1855;  of  tiie  Third  Ilorton  church  in  1870;  of 
tiie  Kentvillc  church  in  1S74 :  died  June  26,1876. 
Ilis  was  a  useful  life  and  ministry. 

Parker,  J.  W.,  L.D.,  was  ordained  and  settled 
as  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  in  1836,  and  continued  to  serve  in  that  re- 
lation with  success  during  twenty  years.  At  the 
close  of  tliat  long  pastorate  he  became  secretary  of 
the  Northern  Baptist  Education  Society,  which  po- 
sition ho  held  about  ten  years,  five  of  which  he  was 
pastor  of  the  Shawmut  Avenue  Baptist  church,  in 
Boston.  In  .January,  1865,  lie  resigned  the  pastor- 
ate of  this  church,  and  entered  upon  the  work  of 
establishing  seliools  for  training  colored  men  as 
preachers,  and  young  men  and  women  as  teachers, 
among  the  freedmen  of  the  Southern  States.  In 
tills  labor  Dr.  Parker  continued  about  five  years, 
visiting  all  the  Atlantic  States  many  times,  intro- 
ducing teachers  into  destitute  fields,  and  organizing 
schools  in  many  towns  and  cities.  "Wliile  thus  oc- 
cupied his  health  failed,  owing  to  overwork,  hard- 
ships, and  (>xposures.  Settling  down  for  a  while 
on  a  small  farm  in  Maryland,  ho  engaged  in  con- 
stant out-door  work,  and  soon  regained  his  usual 
health.  lie  was  then  invited  to  accept  the  pastor- 
ate of  tlie  Calvarv  Biiptist  cluirch  in  Wasliini;ton. 


D.  C,  which  he  did,  occupying  the  pulpit  for  about 
six  years  with  marked  success.  At  the  close  of  this 
period,  feeling  the  need  of  rest  and  ciiango  of  cli- 
mate, he  visited  Europe,  where  he  remained  up- 
wards of  a  year.  Soon  after  his  return  he  was 
urged  to  become  the  pastor  of  tlie  E  Street  Baptist 
church,  Washington,  D.  C,  which  he  consented  to 
do,  and  he  still  holds  that  position.  While  residing 
ill  Massachusetts,  Dr.  Parker  acted  for  a  period  oC 
sixteen  j'ears  as  a  memlier  of  the  executive  com- 
mittee of  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union, 
and  in  1849  he  was  delegated  by  that  body  to  I'ep- 
resent  them  at  the  first  Baptist  Association  held 
in  Germany,  at  the  old  city  of  Stettin.  Accompa- 
nied by  that  pioneer  German  missionary,  the  Rev. 
J.  G.  Oncken,  he  visited  the  Baptist  missions  in 
Denmark  and  Germany.  The  missionary  stations 
in  France  he  visited  with  the  Rev.  Erastus  Wil- 
lard.  From  these  visits  he  gleaned  many  interest- 
ing facts  which  were  of  great  use  to  the  committee 
in  the  prosecution  of  their  work  in  those  fields. 
Dr.  Parker  stands  deservedly  very  high  among  his 
Baptist  brethren,  as  well  as  among  his  friends  in 
other  denominations,  who  have  long  known  and 
acknowledged  his  sterling  worth. 

Parker,  Rev.  Uriah  H.,  an  aged  Baptist  min- 
ister residing  in  Bradley  Co.,  Ark.,  settled  in  this 
part  of  the  State  about  1846,  and  shortly  after  gath- 
ered Shady  Grove  chui-ch  in  the  southern  part  of 
Bradley  County,  the  oldest  missionary  Baptist 
church  between  the  Ouachita  and  the  Mississippi 
Rivers.  An  anti-mission  church  was  gathered  at 
Warren  a  few  years  before,  but  it  is  long  since  ex- 
tinct. Mr.  Parker  also  gathered  another  church 
in  Bradley  County,  which  was  afterwards  dis- 
solved. He  united  his  labors  with  Royal  in  Drew 
County,  and  Tonnmie  in  Bradley,  and  by  their  com- 
mon labors  the  foundations  of  many  of  the  oldest 
churches  in  Bartholomew  Association  were  laid. 
He  often  preaches  yet  with  great  earnestness  and 
power. 

Parker,  Rev.  Willard  G.,  was  born  in  Annap- 
olis Co.,  Nova  Scotia,  April  4,  1816;  converted 
and  baptized  in  1828  ;  ordained  pastor  at  New  Al- 
bany, Jan.  28,  1843  ;  was  pastor  at  Sackville,  New 
Brunswick,  seven  years,  and  in  Nova  Scotia  at  the 
following  places:  Nictaux,  seventeen  years,  also 
of  Mitton,  Queen's  County,  Lawrencetown.  N'allcy 
West,  and  Pine  Grove  churches  ;  Ijapti/.cd  over  a 
thousand  converts;  died  Dec.  6,  1878;  an  t'lninrnt 
minister  of  the  gospel. 

Parkerism  in  Indiana. — 1 .  The  Dodrine.—Cod 

never  made  a  creature  that  will  sufl'er  eternally. 
All  the  elect  were  created  in  union  with  Christ, 
and  so  he  was  liound  1)\'  covenant  to  redeem  tiieni. 
These  are  the  "good  seed."  The  non-elect  arc  the 
ciiildren  of  the  devil,  begotten  in  some  mysterious 
manner  of  Eve.     Tiiese  are  tiio  "  liad  seed." 


PARKHURST 


884 


PARKS 


2.  The  Man. — Reared  on  the  frontiers  of  Georgia, 
"he  was  without  education,  uncouth  in  manners, 
slovenly  in  dress,  diminutive  in  {person,  and  un- 
prepossessing in  appearance."'  His  enthusiasm 
bordered  on  insanity.  In  1819  he  came  into  Indi- 
ana from  his  home  in  Illinois,  and  at  once  began  to 
ilttract  attention.  He  opposed  missions,  education, 
and  Sunday-schools. 

3.  The  Motive. — 'He  sought  notoriety  as  a  writer, 
and  was  anxious  to  use  the  columns  of  the  Colum- 
bian Star,  published  in  Washington  City.  His 
articles  were  rejected.  In  his  revenge  he  attacked 
not  only  the  paper,  but  ail  it  advocated,  such  as 
missions,  education,  etc. 

4.  TAe  .E^ecC.^Scores  of  churches  and  hundreds 
of  members  were  drawn  away  after  him.  And  they 
went  so  far  as  to  pass  resolutions  denouncing  mis- 
sions, etc.  But  finally  those  churches  died  as  a 
proper  result  of  their  heinous  heresy.^  Parker  was 
excluded  from  his  own  church. 

Parkhurst,  Rev.  Jabez  W.,  was  born  in  Mid- 

dletown.  Conn.,  Jan.  10,  1806.  At  the  age  of 
twenty-two  he  united  with  the  Baptist  church  in 
his  native  town.  In  the  fall  of  1831  he  removed 
to  Newton,  Mass.,  fitted  himself  to  enter  the  theo- 
logical institution  there,  and  graduated  in  1836. 
For  seven  years  after  his  graduation  he  was  the 
pastor  of  the  church  irt  Tyngsborough,  Mass.,  and 
at  the  end  of  this  period  became  pastor  of  the 
church  in  "West  Dedham,  Mass.  His  pastorate  of 
this  church  continued  for  six  years,  and  was  closed 
in  consequence  of  his  ill  health.  He  was  chosen 
an  agent  of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Missionary 
Society,  and  performed  the  duties  of  his  office  for 
fourteen  years.  Having  closed  his  relations  with 
the  society,  he  supplied  different  churches  for  a 
time,  hoping  that  his  health  would  be  so  far  re- 
stored that  he  would  be  able  to  resume  his  pastoral 
work.  Tliis  hope  not  being  realized,  he  accepted 
an  appointment  as  an  agent  of  the  Hancock  Mu- 
tual Life  Insurance  Company,  a  position  which  he 
occupied  until  his  death,  l\Iarch  19,  1871. 

Parkinson,  Rev.  William,  was  bom  in  Fred- 
erick Co.,  Md.,  Nov.  8,  1774.  He  was  convicted 
of  sin  in  his  twentieth  year,  and  in  -Tune,  1796,  he 
was  baptized  by  the  Rev.  Absalom  Bainbridge,  in 
Israel's  Creek,  in  his  native  county.  He  was-  or- 
dained to  the  Christian  ministry  in  April,  1798. 
He  delighted  in  preaching  as  an  itinerating  home 
missionary,  a  practice  very  common  among  our 
Baptist  fathers,  and  greatly  blessed.  In  December, 
ISOl,  and  for  "three  successive  seasons,"  during 
Jefferson's  administrations  he  was  "a  chaplain  to 
Congress."  He  was  chosen  to  this  position  by  a 
large  majority,  and  without  solicitation  on  his  part. 
On  Lord's  day  morning  lie  preached  in  the  Cnpitol, 
and  in  tlie  afternoon  in  the  Treasury.  He  says, 
"  Tlie   members   of  Congress   attend   abundantly 


better  than  I  expected ;  I  liave,  moreover,  the 
pleasure  of  stating  that  tlie  President  has  missed 
but  one  of  my  meetings  at  the  Capitol.'* 

On  the  20th  of  December,  1804,  Mr.  Parkinson 
came  on  a  visit  to  the  First  Baptist  church  of  New 
York ;  after  preaching  to  their  great  satisfaction 
for  about  six  weeks,  he  received  an  earnest  call  to 
become  their  pastor.  Early  in  April  he  accepted 
the  call,  and  very  soon  after  a  powerful  revival  of 
religion  came  down  upon  the  church  from  the 
throne  of  grace,  and  it  continued  for  several  years, 
adding  large  numbers  to  the  membership  of  the 
church,  and  giving  a  glorious  impetus  to  Baptist 
influence,  and  efforts,  and  prayei's  in  New  York. 
His  congregations  were  very  large,  and  his  sermons 
swept  the  people  along  with  him  with  resistless 
force.  He  continued  pastor  of  the  First  church  for 
thirty-five  years,  and  then  resigned,  after  which  he 
went  to  Frederick,  Md.  In  1840  the  Bethesda 
church  of  New  York  City,  composed  chiefly  of 
warm  friends  of  Mr.  Parkinson,  recently  connected 
with  the  First  church,  invited  him  to  become  their 
pastor.  He  accepted  the  call,  and  in  1841  com- 
menced his  labors.  But  soon  a  fall  seriously  im- 
paired his  health  and  largely  unfitted  him  for 
future  pulpit  efforts  ;  he  lingered  along  for  several 
years,  and  died  March  9,  1848.  The  last  words  he 
uttered  were  a  declaration  that  "  he  Avas  in  the 
arms  of  his  precious  Saviour."  Daniel  Dodge,  of 
saintly  memory,  pastor  of  the  Second  church  of 
Philadelphia,  preached  his  funeral  sermon  in  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  New  York. 

Mr.  Parkinson  was  endowed  with  a  powerful 
mind,  a  voice  said  to  be  like  Whiteficld"s,  and  with 
a  lai"ge  measure  of  the  grace  of  God.  He  had  some 
enemies  that  possessed  a  great  faculty  for  hating, 
and  he  did  not  always  try  to  disarm  them,  but  he 
liad  throngs  of  warm-hearted  friends  Avho  loved 
him  living  and  who  bitterly  lamented  his  death. 

His  publislied  writings  were  "  A  Treatise  on  the 
Ministry  of  the  Word"  and  "  Sermons  on  XXXIII. 
Chapter  of  Deuteronomy,"  in  two  volumes. 

Parks,  Rev.  Harrison  H.,  son  of  Rev.  Benj. 
M.  Parks,  was  born  in  Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y.,  ^larch 
1,  1815;  joined  Athens  church,  0.,  in  1832;  re- 
moved to  Illinois  in  1834;  hel[ied  to  organize  the 
Whitney  Grove  church  and  the  Old  Salem  Associ- 
atio'n  ;  entered  upon  the  work  of  pioneer  preaching 
in  "the  far  West"  ;  and  was  ordained  in  1847  by 
the  Black  Creek  church.  Mo.,  of  which  he  became 
pastor.  He  subsequently  preached  for  the  Quincy, 
Warsaw,  Fall  Creek,  Lamarsh,  Union,  and  Howard 
Gi'ove  churches.  111.  ;  was  missionary  of  the  Bur- 
lington Association,  Iowa,  and  of  Bethel  church, 
111.,  until  1876,  when  he  removed  to  California; 
has  done  much  to  encourage  and  build  up  feeble 
ciiurches ;  is  now  serving  as  pastor  the  church  at 
Willows,  Colusa  Co.,  Cal. 


PARKS 


<S85 


PAT  Eli  SON 


Parks,  Rev.  James  H.,  was  ])orn  in  Xew  York 
City, -July  !•>,  IS2'J.  He  was  converted  in  tlie  yt'ar 
1847,  and  united  with  the  Reformed  Dutch  Chunli. 
Soon  after  lie  cotiimenccd  a  course  of  preparation 
for  Rutgers  College,  having  the  Christian  ministry 
in  view.  But  iiealth  failing,  and  a  series  of  eir- 
cunistances  arising  which  Ijrought  the  subject  of 
Christian  baptism  to  iiis  attention,  he  was  comj)ell('d 
to  make  a  thorough  examination  of  Scriptural 
teachings  upon  this  subject,  which  resulted  in  his 
being  immersed  on  profession  of  faith  on  the  'Jd  (if 
July,  1854. 

lie  afterwards  pursued  a  jiost-graduute  course  at 
Columbian  College,  Washington,  I).  ('.,  and  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  from  that  in- 
stitution upon  examination,  lie  was  also  honored 
with  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  Princeton  College, 
N.  J.  He  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  May  28, 
1856.  lie  has  been  pastor  of  the  Baptist  churches 
at  Stamford,  Conn.,  Bedford,  X.  Y..  I'emberton, 
N.  J.,  Manayunk  and  Calvary,  Pliihuloiphia,  and 
is  now  successfully  laboring  with  the  Linden  Ave- 
nue Baptist  church  at  Dayton,  0.  lie  also  per- 
formed faithful  service  as  a  chaplain  in  the  army 
at  Washington,  D.  C,  during  the  late  war.  His 
pastorates  have  been  successful  and  elHcient.  His 
views  of  doctrine  are  clear,  strong,  and  Scriptural, 
and  are  always  fearlessly  enunciated.  He  is  a 
positive  Baptist,  perhaps  the  more  so  because  his 
own  prejudices,  instilled  from  early  childhood, 
were  each  successively  removed  bra  specific  inves- 
tigation and  a  conscientious  study  of  the  Word  of 
God. 

Parmly,  Wheelock  H.,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Braintree,  Vt.,  July  -7,  181G  ;  gj\iduated  at  Colum- 
bia College,  New  York  City,  in  1842,  and  from  the 
theological  department  at  Hamilton  in  1844;  a 
classmate  of  George  C.  Baldwin,  of  Troy,  and 
others;  spent  several  years  preaching  in  Louisiana 
and  Mississippi,  and  for  three  years  was  pastor  at 
Shelburne  Falls,  Mass.  In  185U  he  took  charge  of 
the  church  in  Burlington,  N.  J.,  and  in  1854  he 
accepted  a  call  to  the  First  church  of  Jersey  City, 
of  which  he  remains  the  beloved,  honored,  and 
successful  pastor.  The  city  has  grown  rapidly,  and 
the  First  church  has  become  large  and  influential, 
sending  out  other  churches,  which  are  useful  and 
prosperous.  He  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity  from  Madison  University  in  18()7.  Dr. 
Parmly  has  e.xercised  an  extensive  influence  in  tiu; 
moulding  and  upbuilding  of  the  missionary  and 
educational  institutions,  of  the  State.  He  has  a 
place  on  the  board  of  the  American  Baptist  Home 
Mission  Society.  He  is  loved  by  his  own  jienpie 
and  honored  by  the  denomination  in  the  State. 

Patch,  Rev.  George  Washington,  was  burn  in 

Boston,   April  MO,  1817;  |>ursu('d   his  preparatoi'v 
studies    in   Wakefield,   Mass.,   and   New   London. 


N.  11.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Brown  University  in 
the  class  of  1839.  Having  taken  the  course  of 
theological  study  at  Newton,  he  was  settled  first  at 
Wenham,  Mass.,  and  then  at  Sharon,  Mass.  From 
this  latter  place  he  was  called  to  Marblehead,  Mass.. 
where  he  had  a  long  and  most  useful  ministry  of 
twenty-six  years,  and  ceased  to  preach  only  under 
the  pressure  of  fatal  disease.  He  died,  with 
scarcely  a  moment's  warning,  Dec.  25,  1875.  Few 
ministers  have  left  behind  tiiem  ;i  better  record 
than  he. 


WHEEI.OCK    H.    PARMI.V.    D.I). 

Paterson,  James,  D.D.,  of  Glasgow,  Scotland, 
was  for  fifty  years  pastor  of  the  first  regular  Bap- 
tist church  in  that  city.  He  was  born  in  1801  at 
Dumbarton,  and  received  his  early  education  at  the 
burgh  school,  then,  as  now,  of  considerable  reputa- 
tion. At  first  he  thought  of  devoting  himself  to 
the  medical  profession,  but  during  his  university 
course  he  connected  himself  with  the  Glasgow  City 
Mission,  and  eventually  entered  the  ministry.  He 
had  joined  the  Scotch  Baptist  Church,  but  never 
embraced  their  views  of  church  polity.  In  1829 
he  hired  a  room  and  began  to  preach.  A  number 
of  university  students  came  to  the  poor  room,  ?. 
kind  of  loft,  and,  after  seeing  the  place  and  the  con- 
gregation, they  said,  "  You  never  mean,  Paterson, 
to  make  a  kirk  out  of  that !"  But  he  did,  and  the 
church  which  originated  with  three  members  grad- 
ually grew  strong  and  influential,  and  is  now  the 
largest  Baptist  church  in  Scotland.  He  rendered 
eminent  service  to  the  interests  of  the  denomina- 
tion, and  for  many  years  superintended  the  theo- 
logical    education     of    students     for    the     Baptist 


PATIENT 


PATRICK 


ministry  in  Scotland.  In  1850  lie  undertook  the 
editorship  of  the  Scottish  'Temperance  Review,  and 
subsequently  he  edited  the  Scottish  Review.  His 
ministry  was  characterized  by  solidity  and  strenjrth, 
and  his  life  was  sinjrularly  upright,  and  marked  Ijy 
a  severely  conscientious  regard  for  duty  and  integ- 
rity. In  everything  he  put  iiis  hand  to  Dr.  Patei'- 
son  proved  himself  "  a  workman  who  needeth  not 
to  be  ashamed."  In  the  later  years  of  his  life  he 
was  aided  in  the  pastoral  care  of  the  church  by  the 
Rev.  James  Cubross,  D.D.,  as  junior  pastor,  but  he 
continued  to  minister  to  his  charge  until  within  a 
short  period  of  his  departure,  which  took  place  on 
Jan.  29,  1880. 

Patient,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  bom  in  England, 

and  educated,  we  have  no  doubt,  in  Oxford  or 
Cambridge.  He  became  a  Congregationalist,  and 
emigrated  to  New  England.  After  laboring  in  the 
ministry  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic,  he  was  con- 
vinced that  the  Saviour  and  his  a»postles  were  Bap- 
tists, and  he  frankly  ayowed  his  convictions.  He 
was  immediately  subjected  to  violent  persecutions, 
and  to  escape  them  he  returned  to  England. 

In  1640  he  was  appointed  co-pastor  with  Mr. 
Kiffin  in  London,  where  he  labored  fi)r  some  time. 
Parliatnent  having  voted  that  si.x  able  ministers 
should  be  appointed  to  preach  in  Dublin,  at  a  sal- 
ary of  £200  per  annum,  to  be  paid  from  the  lands 
formerly  owned  by  bishops,  deans,  and  chapters, 
Mr.  Patient  accepted  one  of  these  positions,  which 
was  offered  to  him.  Iii  the  capital  of  Ireland  he 
became  a  very  popular  preacher,  and  so  gifted  was 
he  as  an  eloquent  speaker  that  at  times  he  traveled 
much  through  the  country,  preaching  Jesus  wher- 
ever he  went  to  delighted  throngs  of  British  set- 
tlers. 

In  Dublin  he  acted  as  chaplain  of  Col.  John 
Jones,  who  was  niarricd  to  a  sister  of  the  Protector, 
and  who  occupied  a  seat  in  his  "  House  of  Lords." 
And  such  a  favorite  was  he  with  Col.  Jones  that 
he  selected  him  to  preach  before  him  and  the  coun- 
cil every  Sunday  in  Christ^church  cathedral.  This 
church  was  completed  in  103S,  and  it  was  repaired 
and  extensively  improved  by  the  (rclel)rated  English 
invader  of  Ireland,  Strongbow.  In  it  he  was  buried 
in  1176,  and  his  monument  is  the  chief  attraction 
at  this  day  of  a  superb  church.  In  this  grand  old 
temple,  before  the  governor  of  Dublin  and  tiic  c/ife 
of  Anglo-Irish  society,  Mr.  Patient  proclaimed  a 
living  gospel.  He  was  on  friendly  relations  with 
Oliver  Cromwell  himself,  as  the  following  quota- 
tions from  a  letter  written  to  the  Protector  by  him 
will  show : 

"  ]\Iy  Lord, — From  that  little  acquaintance  I  had 
with  your  excellenc}'  before  you  went  out  of  Ire- 
land, and  the  suitableness  I  found  in  that  letter  of 
your  experiences,  of  which  I  was  made  a  partaker, 
compared  with  my  obsorvation  of  the  goings  of 


God  with  you  for  many  years,  in  this  great  work 
in  which  God  hath  made  use  of  you,  it  hath,  in- 
deedj  very  thoroughly  confirmed  my  heart  in  char- 
ity and  love  towards  you,  as  one  elect  and  precious 
in  the  sight  of  God.  .  .  .  Truly  God  hath  kept  the 
heart  of  my  lord  deputy  close  to  himself.  ...  I 
am  at  present,  and  have  been  at  the  headquarters 
ever  since  a  little  before  my  Lady  Ireton  (Crom- 
well's daughter)  came  over.  I  do  by  good  experi- 
ence find,  so  far  as  I  can  discover,  the  power  of 
God's  grace  in  her  soul,  a  woman  acquainted  with 
temptations  and  breathing  after  Christ.  And  I 
am  persuaded  it  hath  pleased  God  to  begin  a  work 
of  grace  in  the  soul  of  Col.  Henry  Cromwell,  your 
son.  ...  I  watch  him,  and  he  is  crying  much  to 
God  in  secret.  .  .  .  Your  grandchild  hath  been 
very  weak,  but  it  is  recovered.  .  .  .  I  think  I  shall 
be  at  Dublin  with  my  lady  (Ireton)  this  summer.'' 

This  letter  shows  that  i\Ir.  Patient  had  received 
an  epistle  from  Cromwell,  and  that  he  was  inti- 
mately and  religiously  associated  with  several 
members  of  his  family  at  that  time  in  Ireland. 

Mr.  Patient  baptized  a  large  number  of  persons 
in  Dublin.  He  was  a  wise  and  experienced  Chris- 
tian, and  he  rendered  substantial  service  to  the 
Saviour's  kingdom  in  Ireland.  He  died  July  30, 
166G,  and  the  Lord  was  with  him  as  he  passed  from 
this  world  of  the  dying  into  the  heaven  of  the 
living.  His  only  published  work  was  a  quarto 
volume  on  baptism. 

Patrick,  Prof.  John  B.,  is  a  native  of  Barnwell 
County,  the  garden  spot  of  South  Carolina.  He  ' 
graduated  in  the  State  Military  Academy  in  IS.to. 
From  1856  to  185S  he  was  tutor  in  Furman  Uni- 
versity. In  1859  he  was  second  lieutenant  and 
Assistant  Professor  of  Mathematics,  and  then  Pro- 
fessor of  jNIathematics  and  first  lieutenant,  until  the 
war  closed  the  academy.  He  was  with  the  cadets 
'during  their  active  service. 

In  186G  he  was  principal  of  the  preparatory  de- 
partment of  Furman  University.  In  1S70  he  opened 
the  Greenville  High  School,  and  in  1878  he  con- 
verted it  into  the  Greenville  Military  Institute.  He 
is  a  very  modest  man.  Those  who  know  him  tiiink 
that  few  men  in  the  State  have  exercised  a  better 
or  more  extensive  influence  over  the  young  men 
who  arc  assuming  the  places  of  the  old  as  tliey  pass 
^away. 

Patrick.  Saint,  the  Apostle  of  Ireland,  was 

of  Scotch  l>irth.  Ills  proper  name  was  Succathus; 
the  name  by  which  we  designate  him  is  of  "Latin 
origin:  jxifririiis  means  noble,  illustrious;  it  was 
a  surname  and  a  title  of  honor  at  the  same  time 
given  to  him  by  his  grateful  admirers.  Patrick 
was  wild  and  wicked  until  his  sixteenth  year,  when 
lie  remembered  tiie  God  of  his  fathers  and  repented 
him  of  his  sins,  and  enlisted  in  the  divine  service. 
There    is    no    irround    for   doubting    but    that    he 


PA  TTERSON 


887 


PATTISON 


preached  the  gospel  of  repentance  and  faith  in 
Ireland,  and  that  his  ministrations  were  attended 
by  overwhelming  success.  There  are  accounts  ex- 
tant of  a  number  of  liis  baptisms,  but  they  are  all 
immersions.  There  is  one  baptism  mentioned  by 
Nenniiis  (History  of  the  Britons,  p.  410.  Bohn, 
London)  and  by  Todd  (St.  Patrick,  Apostle  of 
Ireland,  p.  449.  I)ul)lin),  and  found  in  many 
other  histories,  of  which  OTarrell  writes  (Popu- 
lar Life  of  St.  Patrick,  p.  110.  New  York,  1863), 
"Wlien  the  saint  entered  Tirawly  the  seven  sons 
(of  Ainalgaidh)  asseml)led  with  their  followers. 
Profiting  by  the  ])resence  of  so  vast  a  multitude, 
the  apostle  entered  into  the  midst  of  them,  his  soul 
inflamed  with  the  love  of  God,  and  with  a  celestial 
courage  preached  to  them  the  truths  of  Christi- 
anity ;  and  so  powerful  was  the  effect  of  his  burn- 
ing words  that  the  seven  princes  and  over  twelve 
thousand  more  were  converted  on  that  day,  and 
were  soon  after  baptized  in  a  well  (a  spring  or 
fountain)  called  Tobar  Enadhaire,  the  well  of  Enad- 
haire."  A  numlier  of  other  fountain  baptisms  of 
St.  Patrick  may  be  found  in  "  The  Baptism  of  the 
Ages,"'  pp.  62-70.  Publication  Society,  Philadel- 
phia. AVe  have  strong  reasons  for  regarding  St. 
Patrick  as  a  Baptist  missionary,  and  beyond  con- 
tradiction liis  ba|)tisin  was  immersion. 

Patterson,  Rev.  John  W.,  wras  bom  in  New 
Kent  Co.,  Va.,  Dec.  14,  18.50.  He  was  baptized  in 
1868,  entered  the  Richmond  Institute,  and  was 
graduated  from  the  same  in  1874.  He  served  as 
missionary  of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Society  for  some  time,  and  was  ordained  in  July, 
1872.  He  wfis  soon  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  (colored),  Danville,  Va.,  where, 
during  five  years,  he  has  had  abundant  success, 
having  baptized  nearly  one  thousand  persons.  He 
has  been  greatly  honored  by  his  people,  and  fills 
a  wide  sphere  of  usefulness.  He  is  an  excellent 
preacher,  and  quite  a  vigorous  writer,  several  of 
his  sermons  having  been  published  and  widely  cir- 
culated. He  is  deeply  interested  in  all  good  move- 
ments, and  is  a  trusted  leader  among  his  people. 

Pattison,  Robert  E.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Benson, 
Vt.,  Aug.  I'J,  l>t)i».  His  mother  was  Sarah  Everett, 
daughter  of  a  physician  ;  his  father  was  a  Baptist 
minister,  and  Robert  was  his  second  son.  He  united 
with  the  Baptist  Church  when  a  young  man,  and 
soon  gave  up  business  for  an  education  to  enter 
the  ministry.  He  prepared  for  college,  and  entered 
Amherst  in  1826;  stood  second  in  a  class  of  forty. 
He  wa?  tutor  in  Columbian  College,  "Washington, 
D.  C,  then  Professor  of  Mathematics  in  Waterville 
College,  Jle.  He  was  pastor  in  Salem,  Mass.,  then 
at  Providence,  II.  I.  In  18.36  he  became  president 
of  Waterville  College  until  it  suspended  for  want 
of  means,  in  1839.  He  occupiecl  the  jiulpit  of  the 
Second  Baptist  church  for  a  j'car.  ami  returned  to 


his  former  charge  in  Providence.  In  1842  he  be- 
came secretary  of  the  home  department  of  the 
American  Baptist  Missionary  Union.  This  posi- 
tion was  urged  upon  him,  and  he  reluctantly  left  his 


liOIlF.RT     v..    PATTISON',    D.D. 

church  in  Providence  to  fill  it.  After  three  years 
of  service  he  was  re-elected  secretary,  ))ut  accepted, 
in  1845,  the  presidency  of  the  Western  Baptist 
Theological  Institute,  at  Lexington,  Ky.  This 
school  was  suspended  by  local  difficulties,  and  Dr. 
Pattison  for  six  years  was  a  professor  at  Newton 
Theological  Seminary.  Then  he  resumed,  by  re- 
quest, the  jiresidency  of  Waterville  College,  and 
held  the  office  until  fiiiling  health  caused  him  to 
retire  from  labor  for  a  time.  He  removed  to 
Worcester,  Mass.,  to  pass  his  days  free  from  care, 
but  in  two  years  he  assumed  the  proprietorship  of 
Oread  Institute. 

In  the  fall  of  1864  he  was  a  Professor  of  Theol- 
ogy in  ShurtlcfF  College.  In  1870  he  removed  to 
Chicago  to  become  a  professor  in  the  Union  Bap- 
tist Theological  Seminary,  where  he  remained  until 
his  last  illness.  In  the  summer  of  1874  his  ener- 
gies began  to  give  way,  and  after  a  protracted  ill- 
ness he  died  at  the  residence  of  his  eldest  son,  in 
St.  Louis.  Dr.  Pattison  left  as  his  only  literary 
monument  a  "  Commentary  on  the  Epistle  to  the 
Ephesians."  Few  men  have  impressed  their  views 
more  deeply  upon  others.  In  all  circumstances  he 
possessed  a  resolute  hopefulness  and  a  firmness  in 
adhering  to  his  convictions  of  right  and  duty.  His 
powers  of  persuasion  were  remarkable,  and  his  life 
was  one  of  great  usefulness  and  of  devoted  piety. 


PATTISON 


888 


PATTON 


Pattison,  T.  Harwood,  D.D.,  wus  born  in  Enji- 
land  in  December,  l^i?>ii.  Jle  was  educated  by  pri- 
vate tuition,  and  at  the  London  University  School : 
studied  architecture  for  four  years  in  London ;  spent 


him,  rich'  in  the  fruits  of  ripe  ^schohlrship,  great 
modestj',  ardent  piety,  and  intellectual  powers  of  <a 
liijrh  order. 

Dr.  Pattison,  in  1872,  published  "'  Present  Day 
Lectures."  lie  is  the  American  correspondent  of 
The  Freeman,  one  of  the  organs  of  the  English  Bap- 
tists. 

Patton,  Alfred  S.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Suffolk. 
England,  Dec.  25,  1825,  came  to  America  when  a 
child,  and  was  educated  at  Columbian  College, 
Washington,  D.  C.  and  Madison  University,  X.  Y! 
He  received  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  from  the 
former,  and  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  the  latter. 
After  graduating  he  spent  some  months  in  Europe. 

He  was  settled  as  pastor  in  West  Chester,  Pa., 
then  in  Haddonfield,  N.  J.,  then  for  five  years  in 
the  First  Baptist  church  of  Hoboken,  X.  J. 

In  1859  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  church 
in  Watertown,  Mass.,  and  for  1862  and  1863  was 
the  chaplain  of  the  Massachusetts  senate. 

In  ISO-t  he  accepted  a  call  from  the  old  Broad 
Street  church  of  Utica;  X.  Y.  While  there  the 
.  church  built  the  spacious  and  attractive  house  of 
worship  known  as  the  Tabernacle  Baptist  church. 
It  is  located  in  one  of  the  finest  sections  of  the  city. 
His  labors  in  the  new  field  met  with  marked  suc- 
cess. Dr.  Patton  is  an  able  preacher,  and  was  a 
good  pastor,  possessing  remarkable  tact  and  superior 


T.  HARVVOOD    PATTISON',  D.D. 

four  years  at  Regent's  Park  Baptist  College,  Lon- 
don, from  which  he  graduated  in  1862 ;  was  pastor 
at  Newcastle-on-Tyne  and  Rochdale,  in  England. 

In  1874,  during  a  taur  in  the  United  States,  he 
received  a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  New  Haven,  Conn.  After  returning  to 
England  he  accepted  the  invitation,  and  came  to 
this  country  again  in  March,  1875,  and  settled  in 
New  Haven.  His  brilliant  pastorate  in  that  city 
attracted  the  attention,  of  intelligent  Baptists  every- 
where, and  when,  in  1879,  the  Pearl  Street  churcli 
of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  wanted  an  under-shepherd  to 
succeed  Dr.  Bridginan,  and  fill  the  position  which 
had  been  occupied  by  some  of  the  first  ministers 
in  the  Baptist  denomination,  they  extended  a  call 
to  Mr.  Pattison.  His  labors  in  that  city  have  in- 
creased his  reputation  as  a  fine  scholar,  an  eloquent 
preacher,  a  judicious  pastor,  and  a  gospel  laborer 
upon  whose  efforts  the  favor  of  heaven  specially 
rests.  He  received  in  1880  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity  from  Madison  University,  and  he  has 
just  been  chosen  to  fill  one  of  the  most  important 
chairs  in  Rochester  Theological  Seminary. 

In  the  history  of  our  denomination  in  this  country 
no  man  has  ever  ai'quirod  such  distinguished  sue 
cess  in  a  shorter  time  than  Dr.  Pattison,  and  no 
one  more  richly  deserves  it.  Those  best  acquainted 
with  him  anticipate  an  unusually  bright  future  lor 


^^ 


Al.FUEll    S.    I'ATTOX.    D.D. 


social  qualities.  He  has  been  industrious  with  the 
pen.  '  He  is  the  author  of  the  following  works: 
"Kincaid.  the  Hero  .Missionary,  "  "  The  Losing 
and  Taking  of  Man-Soul,  or  Lectures  on  the  Holy 


PATTON 


889 


PALL  LIN 


War,"  "  Light  in  the  Valley,"  "  Live  for  Jesus," 
"  My  Joy  and  my  Crown,"  and  smaller  works 
publishod.by  the  American  Tract  Society.  He  also 
contributed  articles  for  the  Christian  lieview  on 
"  The  Influence  of  Physical  Debility  on  Religious 
Experience,"  and  "  Dreams,  their  Nature  and 
Uses,"  also  for  the  IJoston  lievinv,  an  article  on 
•'  Liberal  Religion,"  and  for  the  Congregational 
lieview,  one  on  ''  The  Temptation." 

In  1872  he  purchased  the  American  Baptist,  and 
soon  after  changed  its  form  to  a  fiuurto  and  the 
name  to  the  Baptist  Wceklii,  since  which  time  that 
journal  has  taken  high  rank  among  Baptist  peri- 
odicals. He  is  a  firm  sujiporter  of  all  the  great 
enterprises  of  his  denomination,  and  though  kind 
and  considerate  to  all  Christian  communities,  he  is  a 
strenuous  supporter  of  Baptist  doctrines  and  polity. 

Patton,  Rev.  Garrett  B,.,  pastor  of  the  Baptist 

churcii  in  Juda,  Wis.,  was  born  in  Fayette  Co., 
Pa.,  in  April,  LSll.  He  ])assed  his  youth  in  the 
place  of  his  birth,  and  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  of  his  neighborhood.  In  1830  he  made  a 
profession  of  religion,  and  united  witii  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  Smitlifield,  Fayette  Co.,  Pa.  He 
was  licensed  to  preach  the  gospel  in  IS.'i'J,  and  or- 
dained by  the  ciiurch  with  which  he  united  when 
converted.  He  was  pastor  of  the  Monongahela 
Baptist  church  in  1839.  In  184.5  he  removed  to 
Juda,  Greene  Co.,  Wis.,  and  became  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  that  place,  in  which  relation  he 
has  remained  until  the  present  time.  He  gathered 
and«organized  churches  in  the  same  county  at  Mon- 
ticello,  Wyota,  and  Monroe.  He  has  held  the  same 
pastorate  longer  than  any  minister  in  AYisconsin. 
He  is  a  faithful  and  successful  preacher  of  the 
gospel.  His  ministry  has  been  frequently  blessed 
with  revivals  of  great  power.  In  his  seventieth 
year  he  is  preaching  with  much  acceptance  to  one 
of  the  largest  churches  in  the  State. 

Patton,  Rev.  John,  was  bom  in  1752.  in  Kent 
Co.,  Del.  He  was  baptized  by  the  Rev.  Abel 
Griffith,  of  AVelsh  Tract,  in  1789.  In  1793  he 
settled  in  Shamokin,  Pa.,  and  became  pastor  of  the 
church  formed  the  following  year  in  that  place. 
In  1809  he  removed  to  Fayette  Co.,  Pa.,  and  as- 
sumed pastoral  care  of  the  Mount  Moriah  Baptist 
church.  This  relation  continued  until  his  death, 
in  1839,  aged  eighty-seven.  Half  a  century  was 
given  to  the  ministry,  and  judging  from  the  warm 
expressions  of  aged  members,  both  in  the  Eastern 
and  the  Western  field  be  occupied  for  so  many  years. 
he  must  have  been  a  mati  of  more  than  ordinary 
ability  and  of  great  activity.  As  the  founder  of 
the  ancient  church  of  Shamokin  his  memory  will 
.not  perish.  Thirteen  children  and  a  very  large 
circle  of  grandchildren,  as  well  as  the  church  he 
so  faithfully  served,  mourned  his  loss.  One  son, 
James,  became  a  preacher,  as  did  also  three  grand- 
57 


sons, — .John  P.  Rockafeller,  («.  R.  Patton,  and  W  in, 
R.  Patton.  The  latter  is  a  graduate  of  the  univer- 
sity at  Lewisburg,  and  a  graduate  of  the  Crozer 
Theological  Seminary.  He  is  now  pastor  of  two 
churches,  the  Flatwoods,  Fayette  Co.,  and  th(7 
Greensborough,  Grcjene  Co.,  Pa.,  and  is  liighly 
respected  as  a  Christian,  a  minister,  and  a  citizffi, 

Paul,  Rev.  Thomas,  a  gifted  and  eloquent 
colored  preacher,  was  born  in  Exeter,  N.  II.,  Sept. 
3,  1773,  and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  became  a  Chris- 
tian. At  the  age  of  twenty-eight  he  commenced 
preaching,  and  was  ordained  at  Nottingham  West, 
N.  H.,  IMay  1,  1S05,  and  soon  after  became  the 
pastor  of  the  African  Baptist  church  in  Boston, 
where  he  remained  for  more  than  twenty  years. 
He  had  a  fine,  commanding  presence,  and  a  fervent, 
pleasing  address,  so  that  his  preaching  was  exceed- 
ingly attractive,  and  crowds  came  to  hear  him 
when  he  preached,  as  he  frequently  did,  in  the 
towns  about  Boston.  Genuine  revivals  of  religion 
occurred  under  his  ministry,  and  he  was  highly 
respected  and  beloved  wherever  he  went. 

Mr.  Paul  was  much  impressed  with  the  need  of 
evangelical  labor  in  the  island  of  Ilayti,  and  in 
1823  he  offered  himself  to  the  Massachusetts  Bap- 
tist Missionary  Society  as  a  missionary  to  the 
people  of  that  island.  He  was  accepted,  and  on 
reaching  the  field  of  his  labor,  addressed  himself 
with  great  earnestness  to  his  work.  But  his  igno- 
rance of  the  French  language  made  it  impossible 
for  him  to  roach  the  jieople  whom  he  was  especially 
desirous  of  influencing,  and  he  returned  to  this 
country,  once  more  to  preach  the  gospel  here. 
It  has  been  said  (if  him,  "'  He  was  not  an  ordi- 
nary man.  For  without  the  advantages  of  a  good 
education  in  early  life  he  became  distinguished 
as  a  preacher.  His  understanding  was  vigorous, 
his  imagination  was  vivid,  his  personal  appearance 
was  interesting,  and  his  elocution  was  graceful. 
We  have  beard  him  preach  to  an  audience  of  more 
than  one  thousand  persons,  when  he  seemed  to 
have  command  of  their  feelings  for  an  hour  to- 
gether. On  ba|itismal  occasions  he  was  truly  elo- 
quent. His  arguments  were  unanswerable,  and 
his  appeals  to  the  heart  were  powerful.  The  slow 
and  gentle  manner  in  wliich  lie  placed  candidates 
under  the  water  and  raised  them  up  again  pro- 
duced an  indelible  impression  on  the  spectators, 
that  they  had  indeed  seen  a  'burial  with  Chri>t  in 
baptism."  "      Mr.  Paul  died  April  14,  1S31. 

Paulicians. — See  Albigenses. 

Paullin,  Rev.  James  Stratton,  was  born  in 
Eufaula,  Ala.,  June  7,  1837,  and  united  with  the 
Baj)tist  church  in  that  place  in  1S.")3  ;  ordained  in 
1858  ;  then  became  pastor  of  the  churcii  in  Clayton, 
where  be  remained  until  1873  ;  removed  to  Midway, 
and  was  pastor  there  for  four  years  ;  then  pastor 
of  Broad   Street   church,   Mobile,  one   year;  then 


PAVE)' 


890 


PEARCE 


J-eturned  to  his  old  charge  at  Clayton,  where  he 
1-einains.  Mr.  Paullin  is  an  earnest  Christian  and 
n  thorough  Baptist,  a  working  pastor,  and  a  good 
t)reacher  of  the  gospel. 

PaVey,  Rev.  Charles,  =\vas  Lorn  in  England, 
fiiiu  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Fifty: third  Street 
church,  New  York,  in  1849.  In  1860  he  was  or- 
dained, and  he  took  charge  of  the  Hilltown  church, 
Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  where  he  died  in  1871.  His  min- 
istry as  a  licentiate  and  as  a  pastor  was  greatly 
blessed.  He  had  an  unusual  measure  of  consecra- 
tion to  God.  His  views  of  the  doctrines  of  sover- 
eign grace  were  eminently  Scriptural,  and  his  pres- 
entation of  them  was  very  earnest  and  effective. 
The  Ililltown  church,  so  blessed  by  the  labors  of 
Father  jMathias,  felt  the  death  of  Mr.  Pavey  to  be 
a  heavy  affliction.  His  memory  is  warmly  cher- 
ished by  the  people  and  church  of  Ililltown. 

Paxton,  Rev.  James  Edwards,  a  useful  pio- 
neer Baptist  preacher  in  North  Louisiana,  by  whose 
labors  many  of  the  churches  in  Bienville,  Natchi- 
toches, Jackson,  Claiborne,  and  Bossier  Parishes 
were  founded,  was  born  in  Kentucky  in  1820 ; 
aided  in  the  organization  of  Red  River  Association 
and  the  Louisiana  Baptist  State  Convention,  and 
as  financial  agent  of  Mount  Lebanon  University 
raised  the  principal  part  of  the  endowment  of  that 
institution.  Removing  to  Texas,  he  became  in 
succession  pastor  at  Anderson,  Washington,  Inde- 
pendence, and  Brenham  ;  died  in  1876. 


REV.   WILLIAM    EDWARDS    I'AXTOX. 

Paxton,  Rev.  WiUiam  Edwards,  was  l)orn  in 
Little  Rock,  Ark.,  in    1S25  ;  graduated  at  George- 


town Cojlege,  Ky.,  under  the  presidency  of  Howard 
Malcom,  D.D.,  by  whom  he  was  baptized  in  1845; 
removed  to  Louisiana  in  1853,  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law ;  during  the  war  served,  with  the 
rank  of  captain,  in  the  Confederate  army  ;  entered 
the  ministry  in  1864  and  became  pastor  at  Minden  ; 
in  1873,  president  of  Slireveport  University ;  in 
1877,  corresponding  secretary  of  the  Southern  Bap- 
tist Publication  Society;  in  1878,  took  charge  of 
the  Centennial  Institute,  "Warren,  Ark.,  where  he 
now  (1880)  teaches  and  preaches.  He  has  con- 
tributed largely  to  the  denominational  litersiture  of 
the  South.  Besides  man}'  articles  as  contributor 
or  editor,  he  is  the  author  of  the  following  works: 
"Rights  of  Laymen,"  "Apostolic  Church,''  "Faith 
a  Prerequisite  to  Church  Membership,"  a  premium 
essay  published  by  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society,  and  "Endless  Retribution."  He  is  one 
of  the  ablest  and  most  cultured  ministers  in  the 
Baptist  denomination. 

Pearce,  Rev.  Samuel,  of  Birmingham,  Eng- 
land, was  born  in  Plymouth,  July  20,  1766.  In 
boyhood  he  occasionally  had  distressing  convictions 
of  sin.  When  he  was  fifteen  years  of  age  he  was 
in  the  house  of  a  dying  man,  who,  in  despair,  ex- 
claimed, "I  am  damned  forever.''  As  the  words 
fell  upon  the  ear  of  the  youth  he  was  filled  with 
horror  for  the  fate  of  his  father's  dying  friend,  and 
with  anguish  for  his  own  guilty  state  ;  and  though 
his  distress  on  account  of  sin  grew  less,  it  was  not 
until  about  a  year  after,  when  the  sermon  of  a  man 
of  God  made  him  grieve  over  sin  more  deeply.than 
ever,  and  pointed  out  to  his  hopeless  soul  the 
wounded  Saviour,  that  the  truth  as  it  is  in  Jesus 
g.ave  him  peace.  His  heart  was  full  of  Christ,  and 
completely  relieved  of  all  fears.  He  was  blessed 
with  full  assurance  of  faith,  and  as  a  result,  with 
joy  unspeakable  and  full  of  glory. 

Soon  after  this  he  made  a  covenant  with  Jeho- 
vah, signing  it  with  his  own  blood,  pledging  him- 
self completely  to  the  Lord.  But  though  his  heart 
was  full  of  ardor,  and  his  resolution  firmly  taken, 
it  would  seem  that  he  trusted  too  much  to  himself, 
aiid  he  partly  broke  his  vows;  in  consequence  of 
which  he  was  overwhelmed  with  despair,  until  the 
cross  with  the  agonizing  Redeemer  took  the  place 
of  his  violated  covenant  as  his  great  source  of  com- 
fort. 

He  was  educated  for  the  ministry  at  Bristol  Col- 
lege, and  during  his  stay  there  he  w.as  often  en- 
gaged in  preaching  Jesus  to  the  poor  and  neglected 
in  and  around  that  city,  and  his  grand  theme  on 
these  occasions  was  "  The  Sacrifice  of  Calvary."' 

In  the  latter  part  of  1789  he  was  ordained  pastor 
of  the  Cannon  Street  church.  Birmingham,  where 
his  ministry  was  continued  till  ho  rested  from  his 
labors  and  his  pains. 

At  one  period  his  mind  was  a  little  agitated  in 


PEARCE 


891 


PECK 


reference  to  Arminianism  and  Socinianism :  he 
was  then  a  young  man  weighing  for  the  first  time 
the  shrewdest  sophistries  of  the  enemies  of  truth. 
But  he  was  completely  cured  by  a  dangerous  iiiiil- 
ady  wliicii  seized  liiin,  in  the  distresses  and  appre- 
luMisions  of  which  ho  saw  that  "  his  diligence, 
faiiiifulness,  and  unspotted  life''  were  no  props  tu 
sustain  a  departing  soul,  that  only  the  omnipotent 
and  guilt-atoning  Saviour  could  protect  him,  and 
from  that  moment  the  perfect  Lamh  of  his  first  re- 
ligious experience  was  his  whole  trust  till  he  met 
hini  face  to  face. 

He  was  the  friend  of  Carey  and  Fuller  before 
Carey  went  to  India,  and  he  was  one  of  the  warm- 
est advocates  of  foreign  missions  that  dwelt  on 
earth  since  the  Son  of  Mary  came  from  his  heavenly 
home  on  a  foreign  mission  to  this  lost  world. 
During  his  whole  life  after  entering  upon  the  min- 
istry, and  while  his  health  was  unbroken,  he  had  a 
continual  struggle  about  going  out  as  a  missionary 
to  India.  His  popularity  as  a  minister  was  im- 
mense, his  people  loved  him  tenderly,  his  useful- 
ness showed  that  the  seal  of  God  was  deeply  im- 
pressed upon  his  ministry.  The  board  of  the  Mis- 
sionary Society,  at  his  recjuest,  gave  an  opinion 
upon  his  duty  to  go  to  the  heathen,  and  their  de- 
cision was  that  as  he  was  more  useful  to  foreign 
missions  in  England  than  he  could  be  in  India,  he 
should  remain  in  Birmingham  ;  nevertheless,  his 
heart  was  in  India  with  his  friend  Carey  until  he 
was  carried  by  angels  to  his  Saviour's  presence  in 
glory,  lie  rendered  effective  service  to  the  cause 
of  missions  by  his  eloquent  appeals  in  Birming- 
ham and  in  various  parts  of  England,  and  also  in 
Ireland.  And  in  1794  he  wrote  to  Dr.  Rogers,  of 
Philadelphia,  and  made  a  rousing  appeal  to  him  to 
try  and  secure  the  formation  of  an  American  Bap- 
tist Foreign  Missionary  vSociety. 

Mr.  Pearce  died  of  consumption,  Oct.  10,  1799, 
after  a  ministry  of  only  ten  years.  His  last  illness 
was  full  of  hope,  patience,  and  the  love  of  Christ. 

He  had  great  faith  in  jirayer,  and  he  carried 
everything  to  the  Saviour,  with  whom  he  wrestled 
with  persevering  importunity  till  the  Lord  revealed 
his  will.  He  continually  thirsted  for  the  jiresenee 
of  God;  life  was  nothing  without  it,  nor  any 
amount  of  earthly  success  or  joy.  His  peace  was 
unusual,  and  it  was  apparent  to  all  that  knew 
him.  He  was  sure  that  his  Saviour  loved  him,  that 
nothing  could  hurt  him,  and  that  he  had  a  home 
and  a  divine  welcome  awaiting  him  in  the  heavens. 
and  he  was  one  of  the  happiest  of  men.  His  love 
for  God.  was  all-engrossing  and  ever-enduring,  and 
his  love  for  men  embraced  every  one,  and  in  need- 
ful situations  would  give  everything.  He  was  like 
'  Fenelon,  Robert  Murray  MeCheync,  of  Dundee,  or 
the  apostle  John,  the  friend  of  God  and  the  friend 
of  man.     And  In  his  ten  years'  ministry  he  left  an 


impression  that  lives  in  Birmingham,  and  in  many 
parts  of  England  to-day,  though  he  has  been  in  his 
grave  for  eighty-one  years.  Measured  by  useful- 
ness instead  of  years  this  young  pastor  preached  for 
at  least  a  century. 

Peat,  Rev.  J.  B.,  was  born  in  England,  Sept. 
24,  ISIG.  His  father  died  in  1818,  and  his  mother 
in  1824,  and  he  was  thus  left  an  orphan  at  an  early 
age.  America  had  such  attractions  for  the  boy  that 
he  emigrated  to  the  New  World  in  his  young  man- 
hood, and  when  converted  gave  his  whole  hiMirtand 
service  to  the  cause  of  Christ,  and  won  for  himself 
much  esteem  as  a  zealous  and  conscientious  preacher 
in  some  of  the  Western  States.  About  the  year 
1870  he  visited  California  for  his  health,  and  re- 
ceived much  benefit.  He  became  pastor  at  the  city 
of  Red  Bluff,  where  he  died,  Nov.  15,  1876.  He 
was  very  active  in  temperance  and  other  reform 
movements.  He  was  the  author  of  the  following 
published  works:  "The  Baptists  Examined," 
'•  Sure,"  and  "  Parsonage  Pencillings." 

Peay,  Rev.  John  M.,  was  born  in  Rutherford 
Co.,  Tenn.,  May  19,  1832.  He  removed  to  Ken- 
tucky in  his  youth.  After  attending  the  common 
schools,  he  finished  his  education,  under  the  super- 
vision of  Rev.  Dr.  J.  S.  Coleman,  at  Beaver  Dam, 
Ohio  Co..  Ky.  He  united  with  the  Sandy  Creek  Bap- 
tist church  in  1853,  was  licensed  to  preach  in  1854, 
and  was  ordained  at  Beaver  Dam  in  1857.  In 
1858  he  took  charge  of  the  Ba])tist  church  at  South 
Carrollton,  where  he  still  labors.  He  has  been  pas- 
tor of  three  other  churches  most  of  the  time  since 
he  was  ordained.  He  is  a  powerful  and  practical 
preacher,  and  has  been  a  very  successful  pastor. 
He  is  a  vigorous  writer,  and  has  published  several 
works,  which  have  met  with  popular  favor.  He  is 
also  senior  editor  of  The  Student,  an  educational 
journal,  published  in  South  Carrollton. 

Peay,  Rev.  Richard  Dawson,  A.M.,  brother 

of  John  M.  Peay,  was  born  in  Coficc  Co.,  Tenn., 
Nov.  10,  1840.  He  was  Ijaptized  into  the  fellow- 
ship of  Green  River  Baptist  church,  in  Ohio  Co., 
Ky.,  in  18G4.  Entered  Bethel  College  in  1866, 
graduated  with  the  honor  of  his  class  in  1871,  was 
ordained  at  South  Carrollton  in  1872,  and  im- 
mediately took  pastoral  charge  of  the  Portland 
Avenue  Baptist  church  in  Louisville,  Ky.  After 
remaining  three  years  he  accepted  a  call  to  the 
church  in  Henderson,  Ky.  In  1879  he  became  the 
principal  of  the  high  school  in  Henderson,  mean- 
while i)reaching  on  the  Lord's  day  to  the  church 
at  that  place. 

Peck,  Rev.  A.  C,  was  born  June  25,  1846,  at 
Munson.  (ieauga  Co.,  0.  ;  graduated  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  AV'isconsin  in  1866  ;  taught  high  school 
at  Freeport,  111.,  one  year  ;  united  with  tiie  Baptist 
church  there,  and  was  licensed  to  the  ministry  ; 
took  a  three  years'  course  in  the  theological  semi- 


PECK 


892 


PECK 


nary  at  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  graduating  in  1870;  was 
called  to  the  pastorate  at  Mumford,  N.  Y.,  but,  on 
account  of  ill  health,  did  not  enter  upon  it;  came 
to  Kansas  in  1871  ;  engaged  in  teaching  and  farm- 
ing. In  1872  taught  in  the' university  at  Ottawa, 
and  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  theBa,ptist  church 
there  ;  ordained  in  January,  1873  ;  resigned  on  ac- 
count of  failing  health  in  1874;  elected  superin- 
tendent of  schools  of  Franklin  Co.,  Kansas  ;  called 
to  the  First  Baptist  church,  Lawrence,  Kansas,  in 
October,  1875,  where  he  still  ministers. 

Peck,  Rev.  Elijah,  was  born  May  3,  1767,  in 
Warren,  Conn.  Early  in  the  spring  of  1795  he 
removed  from  Cooperstown,  jV.  Y.,  into  the  "  Beech 
Woods,"  and  settled  in  Mount  Pleasant,  Wayne 
Co.,  Pa.  This  journey,  in  company  with  his  wife 
and  three  children,  he  performed  with  an  ox-team 
and  sled;  modern  luxuries  were  then  unknown. 
In  June,  1806,  he  received,  ordination.  From 
March  3,  1808,  until  his  decease.^ March  16,  1835, 
he  was  the  esteemed  pastor  of  the  Mount  Pleasant 
church,  but,  like  all  pioneer  ministers,  he  performed 
a  vast  amount  of  work  in  regions  round  about.. 
"  His  general  appearance  indicated  great  activity 
and  power  of  endurance.  His  voice  was  mu.sical 
and  pleasant,  and  his  manners  afijible  and  mod- 
est." "He  moved  in  a  sphere  of  great  useful- 
ness," and  "  served  his  own  generation  by  the  will 
of  God." 

Peck,  Rev.  John,  was  bom  in  Milan,  Dutchess 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  11,  1780.  He  found  full  relief 
from  sin,  through  faith  in  -Jesus,  in  his  eighteenth 
year,  and  was  baptized.  On  the  11th  of  June, 
1806,  he  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  First  church 
in  Cazenovia,  after  preaching  to  the  people  for 
eighteen  months.  This  relation  continued  until 
1835,  when  he  resigned  to  give  himself  to  more 
extended  usefulness.  There  was  spiritual  pro.s- 
perity  among  his  people  when  he  left  them,  and 
his  ministry  among  them  had  been  greatly  blessed. 
Six  churches  were  organized  chiefly  from  mem- 
bers dismissed  from  Cazenovia,  and  fifteen  of  her 
young  men  had  been  ordained  as  pastors  of  other 
churches.  It  was  the  greatest  trial  of  his  life  to 
break  the  holy  tie  that  united  him  to  his.  dear 
people. 

He  was  a  warm  friend  of  the  Baptist  Education 
Society  of  the  State  of  New  York,  which  established 
the  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Society, 
now  Madison  University.  He  was  an  active  sup- 
porter of  the  Hamilton  Baptist  Missionary  Society, 
>vhich  accomplished  a  great  work  for  the  Saviour 
over  an  extensive  section  of  New  York  ;  and  when 
it  was  merged  into  the  Baptist  Missionary  Conven- 
tion of  the  State  of  Now  York,  he  became  the  gen- 
eral agent  of  the  new  body,  and  served  for  fifteen 
years  with  abounding  success.  !Mr.  Peck  was  a 
good  man,  full  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  whcse  name  will 


ever  be  remembered  with  gratitude  in  the  wide 
sphere  in  which  his  labors  were  performed.  He 
died  Nov.  15,  1849. 

Peck,  John  Mason,  L.D.,  was  born  in  the 
parish  of  Litciifield.  South  Farms,  Conn.,  Oct.  31. 
1789.  His  conversion  took  place  in  1807,  when  he 
was  eighteen  years  of  age.  He  first  united  with 
the  Congregational  church  in  Litchfield.  Re- 
moving, in  1811,  to  Windham,  Greene  Co.,  N.  Y.. 
he  became  acquainted  with  the  Baptists  through 
the  church,  and  through  the  pastor.  Rev.  II.  Ilar- 
vej%  in  the  adjoining  town  of  New  Durhaiti.  He 
had  already  become  doubtful  of  Pedobaptist  views 
and  practices,  and  now,  after  further  inquiry,  hav- 
ing fully  abandoned  those  views,  he  was  baptized, 
Sept.  14,  1811,  uniting  with  the  church  in  New 
Durham.  On  the  next  day,  by  invitation  of  the 
church,  lie  preached  his  first  sermon,  and  was  im- 
mediately licensed,  and  in  1813  was  ordained  as 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Catskill.  After  a 
brief  pastorate  here,  and  another  at  Amenia,  in 
Dutchess  County,  he  accepted  an  agency  in  be- 
half of  foreign  missions,  laboring  under  the  guid- 
ance of  Rev.  Luther  Rice.  He  then,  1816-17,  had 
a  year  of  study  under  Dr.  Stoughton,  of  Philadel- 
phia. He  was  then  appointed  a  missionary  of  the 
board  of  the  Triennial  Convention,  to  labor  in  St. 
Louis  .and  vicinity.  Thus  began  his  Western  career. 
July  25,  1817,  he  set  out,  with  his  wife  and  three 
children,  in  a  covered  wagon,  upon  the  long  jour- 
ney of  1200  miles  to  his  field  of  labor,  and  on  the 
1st  of  December  reached  St.  Louis.  His  associate. 
Rev.  James  E.  Welch,  had  reached  the  field  be- 
fore him.  In  1822  he  became  a  resident  of  Rock 
Spring,  111.,  and  this  remained  his  home  until  his 
death. 

At  Rock  Spring,  Dr.  Peck,  in  connection  with 
his  missionary  labors,  now  under  the  appointment 
of  the  Massachusetts  Baptist  Missionary  Society, 
established  a  seminary  for  general  and  theological 
education,  being  aided  in  this,  to  some  extent,  by 
Eastern  friends.  The  seminary  was  certainly  a 
successful  one.  It  is  said  to  have  had  at  one 
time  one  hundred  student.s.  As  another  sphere 
of  auxiliary  labor,  he  began,  April  25,  1828,  the 
publication  of  a  paper, — the  We^-terti  Pioneer  and 
Bapfist.  His  work  in  preaching,  meantime,  cov- 
ered a  very  wide  region  ;  while  all  the  affairs  of 
the  Territory,  soon  to  become  the  State  of  Illi- 
nois, engaged  his  intelligent  and  active  interest. 
In  due  time  the  Rock  Spring  Seminary  became 
united  with  the  seminary  at  Upper  Alton,  now 
Shurtleff  College.  Dr.  Peck,  aside  from  other 
labors,  wrote  largely.  Among  his  works  were 
"A  Biography  of  Father  Clark."  "Emigrant's 
Guide."  '"Gazetteer  of  Illinois,"  "Annals  of  th^ 
West,"  and  other  works.  He  died  at  Rock  Spring, 
March  24,   1857,   in   the  sixty-eighth  year  of  his 


PECK 


893 


PEDDIJC 


age.  He  was  a  man  of  many  remarkable  quali- 
ties, robust  in  intellect,  stronj;  in  purpose,  pos- 
itive in  his  opinions,  and  bold  in  their  advocacy,  a 
born  missionary,  and  a  thorouf^h-jfoing  AVestcrn 
man. 

Peck,  Solomon,  D.D.,  was  born  ii\  Providence, 
Jan.  25,  ISOI).  lit-  early  develojied  a  taste  for 
study,  and  was  sufficiently  advanced  to  enter  the 
Sophomore  class  in  Brown  University  when  he  was 
but  tliirtoen  years  of  aj^o.  He  graduated  in  1816, 
taught  in  the  University  grammar-school  and  in 
the  college  three  years  and  a  half;  was  a  student 
at  Andover  four  years,  and  was  ordained  a  minister 
of  the  gospel  in  1S23.  He  preached  for  a  short 
time  in  North  Yarmoutii,  Me.,  and  subsequently 
for  one  of  tlie  churches  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He 
was  appointed  Professor  of  the  Latin  and  Hebrew 
Languages  in  Amherst  College  in  IS'2'>.  In  1832 
he  visited  France  in  the  service  of  the  American 
Baptist  Board  of  Foreign  Missions.  A  connection 
was  thus  commenced  with  foreign  missions  which 
hftd  its  influence  on  what  proved  to  be  the  great 
life-work  of  Dr.  Peck.  As  the  secretary  of  the 
executive  board  for  twenty  hard-working  years  ho 
])erformed  an  amount  of  clerical  work  of  the  mag- 
nitude and  importance  of  which  few  persons  can 
form  any  conception.  He  performed  not  only  this 
home  work,  but,  as  an  associate  with  the  Rev.  Dr. 
James  N.  Granger,  he  traveled  e.Ktensively  in  Europe 
and  Asia,  visiting  the  stations  of  the  Missionary 
Union,  suggesting  plans,  setting  things  in  order, 
and  in  many  ways  doing  what  lay  in  his  power  to 
advance  the  cause  he  so  much  loved. 

After  resigning  his  position  as  secretary  of  the 
board  in  Boston  he  spent  some  time  at  Beaufort 
and  Kdisto  Island,  S.  C,  laboring  for  the  mental 
and  spiritual  improvement  of  the  colored  race.  His 
last  public  service  was  as  chaplain  to  the  Home  for 
Disabled  Soldiers,  in  Boston,  and  as  secretary  of 
the  Freedmen's  Aid  Society.  Dr.  Peck  died  June 
12.  1874. 

Peckham,  Rev.  William  Augustus,  was  born 

in  iSld,  in  Euclid,  0.,  whore;  he  lived  until  he 
reached  manhood,  when  he  removed  with  his  pa- 
rents to  Ontario,  N.  Y.  In  early  life  he  experi- 
enced religion,  ami  united  with  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church.  But  about  the  year  18.36  his 
religious  views  changed,  and  he  united  with  the 
liaptist  church  in  Lyons,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  then 
residing.  In  1840  he  was  licensed  to  preach,  and 
in  184r)  was  ordained  by  the  Baptist  church  in  Cas- 
sadaga,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  settled  as  pastor.  In 
1847  he  came  to  Wisconsin  and  settled  in  Jones 
County,  devoting  his  ministry  to  the  churches  in 
Franklin  and  Highland.  The  following  year  he 
removed  to  Aztalan,  .Jefferson  Co.,  AVis.,  where  he 
shortly  afterwards  died.  He  is  remembered  by  the 
older  ministers  of  the  State  as  a  very  earnest  and 


devout  Christian  minister,  fronj  whom  much  was 
hoppil  in  those  early  pioneer  days. 

Peckworth,  Rev.  John  P.,  was  horn  in  Eng- 
land about  1770,  and  came  to  this  country  when  he 
was  thirteen  years  of  age.  He  united  with  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Wilmington,  Del.,  but 
afterwards  he  removed  to  Philadelphia,  and  joined 
the  First  (diurch  in  that  city.  He  was  ordained  in 
1808,  and  the  next  year  he  and  others  formed  the 
Third  Baptist  church  of  Philadelphia,  of  which  he 
became  the  pastor.  The  new  community  prospered 
greatly  under  his  earnest  and  godly  ministrations, 
and  became  a  strong  body.  In  182.3  he  went  to 
Baltimore,  and  after  some  other  changes  of  resi- 
dence and  scenes  of  labor  he  died  at  Wilmington, 
March  7,  1845,  in  his  seventy-fifth  year,  in  the  full 
enjoyment  of  a  blessed  hope  through  the  blood  of 
the  Laiiil). 

Peddie  Institute. — Eaton's  school  at  Hopewell 
was  not  forgotten  when  Brown  University  flour- 
ished and  academies  grew  in  other  States.  In 
1848  the  subject  of  academic  education  was  agi- 
tated in  New  .Tersey,  and  schools  were  begun  at 
Salem  and  Plainfield. 

"  In  1863  the  following  decisive  action  was  taken" 
by  the  Baptist  State  Convention  held  at  Borden- 
town  : 

"  Resolved,  That  a  committee  be  appointed  to 
take  into  consideration  the  desirableness  and  pro- 
priety of  making  arrangements  immediately  for 
establishing  a  Lilei-ary  las/iiii/i/m  under  the  pa- 
tronage of  our  denomination  in  New  Jersey." 

The  next  year,  1864,  the  following  was  adopted: 

"  Resolved,  That  the  efforts  of  brethren  to  estab- 
lish a  first-class  school  at  Ilightstown,  to  be  under 
the  control  of  the  Baptists,  meet  the  hearty  ap- 
proval of  this  body,  and  that  we  pledge  to  it  our 
cordial  support." 

In  the  month  of  March,  1866,  a  charter  was  first 
obtained.  In  1867  the  subject  of  a  new  building  be- 
gan to  be  earnestly  considered,  and  (two  years  after) 
on  Oct.  26,  1869,  it  was  formally  opened  as  "The 
New  .Jersey  Classical  and  Scientific  Institute." 

In  1872  the  charter  was  so  altered  as  to  change 
the  name  to  that  of  Peddie  Institute,  in  honor  of 
its  munificent  donor,  Hon.  T.  B.  Peddie,  of  Newark. 
Mr.  Pcddie's  gifts  and  subscription  to  this  insti- 
tute now  amount  to  more  than  $50,000.  And  be- 
sides him  the  names  of  such  men  as  Colgate,  Trevor, 
Wyckoff',  Van  Wickle,  Judges  Runyon  and  Cook, 
Hon.  D.  M.  AVilson,  Rev.  W.  V.  Wilson,  and  many 
others  good  and  true,  are  to  be  remembered  for 
their  large  donations,  as  well  as  the  masses  of 
Baptists  who  gave  liberally  to  secure  the  valuable' 
yiroperty  at  Ilightstown.  During  its  brief  exist- 
ence it  has  furnished  many  students  who  in  the 
professions  and  in  mercantile  life  have  been  a 
credit  to  the  school  and  the  denomination.     Under 


PEDDIE 


895 


PEDDIE 


Prof.  E.  J.  Avery  and  his  corps  of  teachers  it  is 
steadily  pron;ressing. 

The  building  consists  of  a  centre  and  wings  in 
line.  It  is  255  feet  in  length,  five  stories  high,  in- 
cluding basement  and  attic.  The  three  middle 
stories  of  the  wings  contain  eighty-four  rooms  for 
students  and  teachers,  ea(;h  room  designed  to  ac- 
commodate two  occupants.  In  the  attics  are  the 
rooms  for  the  literary  societies,  and  in  the  ladies' 
building,  the  music-rooms  ;  the  rest  is  occupied  for 
dormitories.  The  basement  in  the  north  wing 
contains  the  school-room  for  the  primary  depart- 
ment, artists'  rooms,  suite  of  rooms  for  teachers,  and 
four  rooms  for  students. 

The  kitchen,  laundry,  steward's  private  rooms, 
servants'  sleeping-rooms,  and  steward's  office  are 
situated  in  the  basement  of  the  south  wing.  The 
basement  of  the  centre  contains  the  dining-room  ; 
the  first  story,  the  small  chapel  in  the  rear,  and  the 
parlors  in  front ;  the  second  story,  two  school-rooms 
in  front,  and  three  recitation-rooms  in  the  rear  ; 
the  third  story,  the  laboratory  and  lecture-room  in 
the  rear,  and  three  rooms  for  library  cabinets  in  the 
front.  The  attic  is  designed  for  a  large  chapel  or 
temporary  gymnasium.  Water-tanks  are  situated 
at  the  extreme  ends  of  each  wing,  under  the  roof, 
supplying  water  to  each  story,  by  means  of  pipes, 
furnished  with  faucets,  passing  down  through  the 
end  rooms  in  front.  These  are  also  designed  for 
bath-rooms.  The  whole  building  is  heated  by  ap- 
paratus in  the  cellar. 

Peddle,  John,  D.D.,  was  born  of  Scotch  parents, 
in  Ancaster,  Ontario,  May  24,  1838  ;  was  converted 
when  seventeen  years  of  age,  and  pursued  a  full 
course  of  study  at  Madison  University  and  Hamil- 
ton Theological  Seminary,  graduating  from  the 
latter  institution  in  1865.  Settled  at  Watertown, 
N.  Y.,  in  18G5,  and  remained  nearly  three  years. 
Became  pastor  of  the  Calvary  church,  Albany, 
N.  Y.,  in  May,  1868,  and  remained  until  March, 
1871,  when  he  entered  upon  the  pastorate  of  the 
Fourth  church,  Philadelphia.  Here  he  remained 
for  seven  years  and  a  half,  when  he  received  and 
accepted  a  pressing  call  to  the  Second  church  of 
Chicago,  111.  In  the  spring  of  1880  he  became 
pastor  of  the  First  church  of  Nimv  York  City.  Re- 
ceived the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Madison  University. 

Dr.  Peddie  possesses  remarkable  pulpit  power. 
His  originality  of  thought,  his  clear  and  manly 
utterances,  and  his  strong  sympathetic  nature  en- 
able him  to  present  the  "glad  tidings"  with  an 
almost  irresistible  magnetism.  He  has  already 
baptized  nearly  1000  converts,  and  has  cheered  and 
strengthened  the  faltering  faith  of  many  of  God's 
.  children.  The  weak  and  the  unfortunate  always 
find  in  him  a  true  friend,  and  few  men  have  so 
largely  won  the  love  and  i-egard  of  others.  His 
services  have  been  in  frequent  demand  on  special 


occasions,  and  by  his  sermons  and  lectures  he  has 
been  a  generous  helper  to  many  enterjirises  beyond 
the  boundaries  of  his  immediate  church  work.  The 
close  of  his  pastorate  in  Philadel{)hia  was  made  the 


JOHN    PEDDIE.    D.D. 

occasion  for  a  special  meeting  of  the  Philadelphia 
Haptist  Social  Union,  at  which  the  farewell  greet- 
ings were  mingled  with  many  tender  and  eloquent 
testimonies  to  the  value  of  his  ministry  and  friend- 
ship. 

Peddie,  Hon.  Thomas  B.,  is  a  native  of  Edin- 
burgh, Scotland.  He  received  a  good  education, 
and  in  his  youth  was  a  great  reader.  He  came  to 
this  country  in  1833,  and  settled  in  Newark,  N.  J. 
By  strict  habits  of  industry  and  by  remarkable 
ability  his  manufacturing  establishment  is  now 
among  the  largest  of  the  kind  in  the  country.  He 
has  been  twice  mayor  of  Newark,  the  largest 
city  in  the  State,  twice  in  the  State  Legislature, 
and  he  served  in  the  United  States  Congress  of 
1876-78,  in  which  he  was  placed  upon  important 
committees.  He  has  also  been  president  of  the 
board  of  trade,  .and  in  foreign  travel  has  ably  rep- 
resented business  interests.  When  a  young  man 
Mr.  Peddie  made  a  profession  of  religion,  and  was 
baptized  by  Rev.  ]\Ir.  Brown.  He  united  with  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Newark,  and  as  a  trustee 
was  particularly  active  in  the  building  of  their  fine 
commodious  meeting-house.  He  takes  a  deep  in- 
terest in  all  the  affairs  of  the  church. 

When  the  academy  at  Ilightstown  was  in  great 
straits  Mr.  Peddie's  sympathies  were  enlisted,  and 
he  gave  it  at  one  time  a  donation  of  $25,000.     His 


PEIRCE 


896 


PELTZ 


benefactions  since  have  increased  this  sum  to  more 
than  §50,000.     Mr.  Peddie  is  a  generous  benefactor 


HON.  TUO.MAS    B.   PEDDIE. 

of  the  Baptist  denofnination,  whose  record  is  an 
honor  to  us. 

Peirce  Academy,  Middleborough,  Plymouth 
Co.,  Mass.,  was  founded  by  deacon  Levi  Peirce, 
of  Middleborough.  Two  purposes  were  kept  in 
mind  in  the  erection  -of  the  academy  building  in 
1808, — one  was  to  furnish  a  hall  suitable  to  hold 
public  worship  in,  and  tlie  other  to  secure  rooms 
for  the  use  of  the  teachers  who  might  have  charge 
of  the  academy.  Like  so  many  institutions  of  a 
similar  character,  the  first  few  years  of  its  exist- 
ence were  years  of  struggle  and  varied  fortunes. 
Its  history  furnishes  another  illustration  of  the 
saying,  that  "  it  is  hai-d  to  get  up  a  Baptist  insti- 
tution, and  harder  yet  to  kill  it."  In  1828,  a  place 
for  public  worship  having  been  built  by  Deacon 
Peirce  on  the  lot  adjoining  the  academy,  the 
meeting-house  and  the  academy,  with  the  lots  on 
which  they  stood,  were  deeded  to  the  Central  Bap- 
tist Society  :  and  subsequently  the  academy  passed 
into  tiie  hands  of  trustees,  an  act  of  incorporation 
having  been  obtained  from  the  Legislature  of  Mas- 
sachusetts for  this  purpose  in  1835.  In  1842  it 
cajne  under  the  control  of  Prof.  J.  W.  P.  Jenks, 
and  it  is  due  to  his  energetic  efforts  and  most  per- 
sistent labors  that  the  institution  rose  to  the  high 
rank  which  it  attained  among  the  academies  of 
New  England.  A  new  school  building  was  erected, 
valuable  apparatus  and  cabinets  were  secured,  and 
the  institution  in  all  its  departments  was  pervaded 


with  new  life.  Hundreds  of  young  men  and  young 
ladies  have  been  educated  within  the  walls  of  the 
academy,  and  to  the  entire  section  of  country  in 
which  it  is  located  it  has  proved  to  be  the  source 
of  untold  good.  Too  much  praise  cannot  be  awarded 
to  Prof.  Jenks  for. the  efforts  he  has  put  forth  and 
the  personal  sacrifices  he  has  made  in  behalf  of  the 
institution,  to  which  he  has  given  twenty-nine  of 
the  best  ye.ars  of  his  life.  He  closed  his  connection 
with  it  in  1871.  Its  present  principal  is  Mr.  George 
H.  Coffin. 

Pella,  Iowa, — "  The  City  of  Refuge," — wa's  set- 
tled by  Hollanders.  A  Baptist  church  was  early 
organized  in  it,  which  has  grown  in  usefulness  and 
niimbers.  It  has  a  good  edifice,  recently  erected, 
and  its  prospects  are  very  encouraging. 

The  Iowa  Central  University,  one  of  the  educa- 
tional institutions  of  the  Iowa  Baptists,  has  been 
located  at  Pella,  and  for  years  has  been  success- 
fully prosecuting  its  work. 

Pelot,  Rev.  Francis,  a  natjve  of  Switzerland, 
was  born  March  11,  1720.  Ilis  parents  were  Pres- 
.byterians,  and  gave  their  son  a  fine  education.  He 
came  to  South  Carolina  in  1734,  and  joined  the 
Baptists  about  1744.  He  was  probably  the  first 
pastor  of  the  Euham  church,  and  he  continued  in 
the  office  until  his  death,  in  1774.  He  held  a  very 
high  place  in  the  denomination,  as  was  to  be  ex- 
pected because  of  his  talents,  piety,  and  wealth. 
Mr.  Edwards  once  said  of  him,  '•  He  possesses 
three  islands  and  about  3785  acres  on  the  conti- 
nent, with  slaves  and  stock  in  abundance.  This 
(said  he)  I  mention,  not  to  flatter  my  friend  Pelot, 
but  in  hope  that  his  conduct  may  influence  other 
wealthy  planters  to  preach  the  gospel  among 
the  poor  Baptists  wlien  God  inclines  their  hearts 
to  it."  He  was  very  useful  in  spreading  the  gos- 
pel in  South  Carolina. 

Peltz,  George  Alexander,  D.D.,  was  bom  in 

Philadelphia,  Pa.,  May  2,  1833.  His  ancestry  was 
German  on  his  ftither's  side,  and  Scotch  on  his 
mothers.  His  father,  Alexander  M.  Peltz,  died  at 
an  early  age.  but  he  had  become  prominent  as  a 
State  politician,  and  especially  as  an  acceptable 
political  speaker.  Under  the  care  of  a  pious 
mother  the  subject  of  this  sketch  became  an  at- 
tendant at  the  Spruce  Street  Baptist  church  and 
Sunday-school.  This  was  under  the  pastorates  of 
the  Rev.  Pr.  Rufus  Babcock  and  the  Rev.  Thomas 
O.Lincoln.  He  subsequently  attended  the  Second 
Baptist  church  of  Southwark,  Philadelphia,  after- 
wards known  as  the  Calvary  Baptist  church.  Here 
lie  found  the  Lord,  and  was  baptized  by  the  Rev. 
John  A.  McKean,  Jan.  5,  1851.  One  year  later 
lie  began  preparation  for  college,  and  entered  the 
Frcshnuiu  class  at  Lewisburg.  Pa.,  in  the  fall  of 
1853. 
During  his  college  course  he  labored  quite  exten- 


PEMBERTON 


897 


PENDLETON 


sively  amoiif!;  the  cliurclics  of  tlio  vicinify,  espe- 
cially at  Siinbury,  Northiiinborhuid,  .Miincy,  and 
Ilusihesbm-j;.  lie  also  took  the  lectures  and  other 
studies  of  the  theological  department  begun  at 
Lewisburg  in  1855.  He  graduated  as  valedictorian 
of  his  class  in  1857,  and  at  once  proceeded  to  New 
York  City,  where,  on  August  1,  he  took  charge  of 
a  mission  interest  founded  iiy  two  generous  Bap- 
tists, and  located  in  Continental  Hall,  corner  of 
Eighth  Avenue  and  Thirty-fourth  Street.  From 
this  mission  the  Pilgrim  Baptist  church  was  or- 
ganized, Oct.  7,  1857.  Mr.  Peltz  remained  here  as 
pastor  for  eigiit  years,  leaving  a  united  churcii  of 
402  members,  with  a  good  house  of  worship  and  a 
iiopeful  outlook. 

In  Octoljer,  1805,  he  l;ecanie  pastor  of  the  Tab- 
ernacle Baptist  church  of  Philadelphia,  remaining 
there  until  Marcli  31,  1871.  During  his  pastorate 
the  church  cleared  off  its  entire  indeljtedness,  thor- 
oughly revised  its  roll,  and  was  largely  increased 
in  membership.  Mr.  Peltz  then  devoted  himself 
entirely  to  Sunday-school  work  until  the  end  of 
1872.  In  Convention  and  Institute  efforts  he  trav- 
eled over  nearly  all  the  States  east  of  the  Missis- 
sippi. In  January,  187.3,  he  settled  with  the  South 
Baptist  churcli  of  Newark,  N.  J.  In  January,  187<"), 
he  returned  to  Philadelphia  to  assume  the  associate 
editorship  of  the  The  Sunday- School  Times.  In 
November,  1877,  he  removed  into  the  Chautauqua 
region,  so  famous  in  Sunday-school  work,  and  be- 
came pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  James- 
town, N.  Y. 

In  1809,  Mr.  Peltz  edited  the  first  series  of  les- 
sons issued  by  the  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society.  He  was  the  first  editor  of  The  Baptist 
Teacher,  and  held  that  post  for  three  years.  He 
previously  edited  a  Sunday-school  department  in 
The  National  Baptist,  and  suhseijiiontly  a  similar 
department  in  Thf,  Independent.  He  contributed 
largely  to  the  leading  Sunday-school  papers  and 
lesser  publications  of  the  land.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  E.xecutive  Committee  of  the  International 
Sunday-School  Convention  for  ton  years.  He  pre- 
sided over  this  body  at  its  session  in  Baltimore, 
in  April,  1875.  He  was  chairman  of  the  Bap- 
tist National  Sunday-School  Convention  at  St. 
Louis  in  18G9.  For  three  years  he  was  president 
of  the  Pennsylvania  State  Sunday-School  Conven- 
tion, and  for  two  years  its  corresponding  secretarv. 
lie  was  for  nearly  two  years  associate  editor  of 
The  Sunday- School  Times.  At  present  he  resides 
in  Philailelphia. 

Pemberton  Baptist    Churcli,   at    Pemberton 

(formerly  New  Mills),  a  pleasant  village  in  Bur- 
lington Co.,  N.  J.,  surrounded  by  a  rich  and  beau- 
tiful farming  country.  Its  real  founder  was  Fran- 
cis Briggs,  probably  a  member  of  the  Cohansey 
church,  who  settled  at  New  Mills  in  1750;  invited 


Bajjtisc  ministers  to  preach  at  his  house;  seven 
were  converted  and  baptized,  and  a  small  meeting- 
house erected  in  1752.  A  noble  example  of  fidelity 
and  activity  worthy  of  imitation  by  every  isolated 
Baptist!  He  died  in  176.3.  In  1764  the  church 
was  cotistituted  with  nine  members.  Rev.  Peter  P. 
Van  Horn  pastor.  It  is  counted  as  the  eleventh, 
as  to  date  of  constitution,  among  existing  regular 
Baptist  churches  in  the  State.  It  immediately 
united  with  the  Philadelphia  Association  ;  in  1812 
transferred  its  membership  to  the  New  Jersey  As- 
sociation (now  West  New  Jersey),  formed  in  1811. 
Prior  to  181G  the  following  were  pastors:  Revs. 
Peter  P.  Van  Horn,  David  Branson,  David  Lough- 
borough, Alexander  Magowan,  Isaac  Carlilo,  Isaiah 
Stratton.  At  that  date  tiie  membership  was  104. 
Rev.  John  Rogers,  who  was  successful  in  doctrin- 
ating  and  building  up  the  church,  was  pastor  from 
1810  to  1828.  A  second  and  larger  house  of  worship 
was  erected  in  1823.  Then  the  following  pastors: 
Revs.  C.  W.  Mulford,  1830-35,  a  time  of  ingather- 
ing; Timothy  Jackson,  two  years;  J.  G.  Collom, 
seven  years,  chapel  erected  in  a  more  central  loca- 
tion, for  evening  meetings  and  Sunday-school ;  D. 
S.  Parmalee,  about  five  years  ;  L.  C.  Stevens,  very 
brief  pastorate;  S.  M.  Shute.  three  years,  during 
which  the  present  parsonage  was  bought;  Thomas 
Goodwin,  three  years.  Rev.  Levi  G.  Beck's  pas- 
torate (1859-64)  was  signalized  by  the  erection,  in 
1861,  of  the  present  pleasant  and  commodious  house 
of  worship,  centrally  and  conveniently  located. 
Rev.  J.  II.  Parks  was  ])astor  from  1804  to  1869; 
Rev.  James  W.  WiUmarth  from  1809  to  1878. 
Various  improvements  made.  Present  pastor. 
Rev.  J.  C.  Buchanan. 

From  the  constitution  of  the  church  until  now 
(May,  1880)  911  have  been  baptized.  Present 
number,  184. 

This  ancient  church  is  the  mother  of  several 
churches  in  the  vicinity,  has  always  been  self- 
supporting,  has  had  no  debts  or  mortgages  on  its 
property,  and  has  been  favored  repeatedlj'  with 
precious  revivals.  Its  membership  has  been  loyal 
to  Baptist  principles,  kind  to  pastors,  and  inter- 
ested in  the  general  work  of  the  denomination. 
The  field  does  not,  perhaps,  give  promise  of  spe- 
cially rapid  growth,  but  the  church  is  firmly  es- 
tablished, has  had  much  faithful  instruction,  and 
will  doubtless  live  and  prosper.  It  has  sent  out 
several  able  ministers,  has  had  among  its  lay 
members  men  of  steadfast  piety  and  of  influence 
and  usefulness,  and  is  dear  to  all  who  have  been 
connected  with  it  or  have  labored  with  it  in  the 
ministry. 

Pendleton,  James  Madison,  D.L.,  was  born 
Nov.  20,  1811,  in  Spottsylvania  Co.,  Va.  His  pa- 
rents, John  and  Frances  J.  Pendleton,  removed  to 
Christian  Co.,  Ky.,  when  he  was  one  year  old.  and 


PENDLETON 


898 


PENGILLY 


settled  upon  a  fai-m  near  tlie  present  village  of 
Pembroke.  Upon  this  farm  he  lived  until  he  was 
twenty  years  old.  During  the  winter  seasons  he 
attended  the  best  schools  the  community  afforded, 
and  with  the  judicious  training  of  his  excellent 
parents  he  was  better  educated  than  the  average 
farmer  boy. 

At  fifteen  he  became  interested  in  the  subject  of 
religion,  but  his  convictions  did  not  result  in  con- 
version until  he  was  seventeen,. when  he  united 
with  the  Bethel  church,  near  Pembroke.  He  was 
baptized  by  Rev.  John  S.  Wilson,  April  14,  1829. 

In  February,  1831,  he  was  licensed  to  preach, 
and  began  the  work  of  the  ministry  before  he  was 
twenty  years  of  age. 

He  is  the  only  licentiate  ever  sent  forth  by  the 
Bethel  church  to  this  date  (1878).  Unum  sed  Leo- 
nem.  In  1833  he  entered  the  Christian  County 
Seminary  at  Hopkinsville,  and  took  a  three  years' 
course  of  instruction  in  the  Latin  and  Greek  clas- 
sics, meantime  preaching  for  the  Hopkinsville  and 
Bethel  churches  alternate  Sundays.  At  the  former 
church  he  was  ordained  Nov.  1,  1833.  In  1837  he 
accepted  the  call  of  the  church  in  Bowling  Green, 
Ky.,  and  entered  upon  a  pastorate  of  twenty  years. 
Soon  after  this  settlement  he  formed  the  acquaint- 
ance of  Miss  Catharine  Stockton  Garnett,  of  Glas- 
gow, Ky.,  who  became'  his  wife  in  1838.  By  her 
piety  and  abounding'  good  works  she  has  proved 
herself  to  be  a  model  pastor's  wife.  They  have 
four  children  living,  three  of  whom  are  wives  of 
professional  gentlemen,  and  the  other,  a  son,  is  a 
lawyer  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia. 

During  his  twenty  years'  pastorate  at  Bowling 
Green,  in  1849,  Dr.  Pendleton  cordially  espoused 
Henry  Clay's  gradual  emancipation  measures,  and 
supported  them  by  many  newspaper  publications. 
The  vote  of  the  State,  however,  was  largely  against 
those  measures,  and  slavery  remained  unchanged 
till  the  "  civil  war"  wrought  its  overthrow. 

In  1857,  Dr.  Pendleton  was  elected  Professor  of 
Theology  in  Union.  University,  Murfreesborough, 
Tenn.  He  had  ever  esteemed  the  pastorate  his 
office  and  preaching  his  function  in  life,  and  would 
iiccept  the  professorship  only  with  the  proviso  that 
he  should  have  a  pastorate  also.  Arrangements 
were  made  at  once  that  he  should  become  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Miirfreesborciugh,  and  he 
removed  to  his  new  field,  where  he  remained  until 
the  civil  war  laid  its  paralyzing  hand  upon  cluireh 
and  college.  The  unquenchable  loyalty  of  the  man 
made  it  necessary  for  him  to  remove  to  the  North- 
ern States..  After  a  short  settlement  of  three  j'ears, 
from  1862  to  1865,  at  Hamilton,  0.,  he  removed,  in 
November,  1865,  to  Upland,  Pa.,  where  he  lias  ever 
since  been  tlie  iiiglil}'  esteemed  and  faithful  pastor. 

At  an  early  day,  Dr.  Pendleton  became  an  almost 
constant  writer  for  the  denominational  press  and 


for  the  local  papers  of  his  community.  Of  this 
kind  of  literature  few  men  except  editors"  are  so 
prolific.  Besides,  he  has  published  many  books, 
pamphlets,  tracts,  and  sermons,  such  as  "  Three 
Reasons  why  I  am  a  Baptist,"  "Church  Manual," 
'"Treatise  on  the  Atonement,"  "Sermons  on  Im- 
portant Subjects,"  "  Christian  Doctrines,  a  Com- 
pendium of  Theology,"  the  last  of  which  is  gener- 
ally conceded  to  he  a  masterly  production,  concise, 
logical,  orthodox,  and  comprehensive,  and  supply- 
ing a  long  felt  want  in  the  curriculum  of  theologi-* 
cal  education  and  in  the  libraries  of  Christian 
households. 

Dr.  Pendleton  is  a  hard  student,  devoting  his 
morning  hours  to  his  study,  which  he  keeps  well 
stocked  with  only  the  best  and  most  approved 
evangelical  literature,  and  history,  biography,  and 
philosophy.  His  impatience  with  irreverence  and 
looseness  guards  his  librarj-  from  the  intrusion  of 
liberalism  and  trash. 

He  preaches  as  he  writes,  after  a  well-defined 
model  or  plan,  from  which  he  seldom  swerves  even 
•in  the  most  impassioned  efforts.  He  is  methodical 
in  his  work,  and  resolutely  follows  his  prearranged 
plans,  alternating  study  with  pastoral  visitation 
with  a  regularity  few  men  can  maintain.  He  is 
devout,  serious,  conscientious,  and  yet  highly  ap- 
preciates good  wit  and  humor,  and  is  ready  and 
judicious  in  the  i\se  of  them.  He  is  of  medium 
height,  well  proportioned,  firm  of  step  as  of  con- 
victions, a  sincere  friend,  generous  to  every  good 
cause  according  to  his  ability,  unostentatious  and 
affable  with  his  friends,  reserved  among  strangers, 
and  cautious  of  his  associations.  His  integrity  of 
character  and  honesty  of  conviction  are  absolutely 
above  suspicion,  and  are  due  to  his  abiding,  un- 
shaken trust  in  God. 

Peng'illy,  Eev.  Richard,  author  of  the  "Scrip- 
tural Guide  to  Baptism,"  was-a  native  of  Penzance, 
Cornwall,  England,  where  he  was  born  Sept.  14, 
1782.  In  early  life  he  was  a  member  of  the  Wes- 
leyan  Methodist  body.  Like  Samuel,  he  was  de- 
voted to  God  in  his  childhood.  A  baptismal  ser- 
vice and  a  sermon  by  the  Rev.  Isaiah  Birt  attracted 
his  attention  to  the  principles  of  the  Baptists,  and 
in  1802  he  was  baptized,  and  became  one  of  the 
constituent  meml)ers  of  the  newly-formed  Baptist 
church  at  Penzance.  He  had  been  licensed  as 
a  local  preacher  among  the  Methodists,  and  his 
Baptist  brethren  encouraging  him  to  exercise  his 
gifts,  he  was  received  as  a  student  at  Bristol  Col- 
lege, and  pursued  the  usual  course  of  study  until 
1807,  when  he  was  sent  to  Newcastle-on-Tyne  as  a 
probationer.  Having  received  a  call  to  the  pastorate 
there,  he  was  ordained  Aug.  12,  1807,  and  continued 
to  minister  to  the  same  church  until  1S45.  when  he 
retired  from  all  pastoral  work.  Although  he  never 
accepted  another  charge,  he  occupied  himself  with 


PENICK 


899 


PENN 


various  evangelical  and  benevolent  engagements 
which  his  strength  permitted  until  his  death, 
March  22,  1865,  in  his  eighty-third  year.  During 
his  long  pastorate  at  Newcastle  he  did  good  service. 
lie  established  the  first  Sunday-school  in  the  town 
among  the  evangelical  Non-Conformists,  and  jiro- 
moted  the  formation  of  the  local  Bible  and  tract 
societies.  His  denominational  work  was  of  great 
value  in  the  district.  lie  published  "  Seven  Letters 
to  the  Society  of  Friends  on  the  Nature  and  Per- 
petuity of  Baptism"  and  several  tracts,  some  of 
which  had  a  wide  circulation.  His  "  Scripture 
Guide  ti)  Baptism''  has  passed  through  inany  edi- 
tions, and  has  been  translated  into  the  German  and 
other  European  tongues.  Probal)ly  no  other  book 
on  the  subject  has  had  such  a  wide  diffusion,  or  been 
more  generally  useful. 

Penick,  Rev.  Wm.  Sydnor,  was  born  in  Hali- 
fax Co.,  Va.,  May  12,  lS3(i.  His  father,  William 
Penick,  being  a  planter  in  easy  circumstances,  hi.s 
early  educational  advantages  were  the  best  that 
could  be  secured.  After  prosecuting  his  studies  for 
four  years  under  a  tutor  employed  in  the  family, 
he  entered  a  school  under  the  care  of  the  Rev.  A. 
M.  Poinde.xter,  L).I>.  At  the  age  of  fourteen,  his 
father  designing  him  for  mercantile  life,  he  was 
placed  in  a  store,  where  he  remained  for  three 
years.  About  this  time  he  was  converted,  and  was 
baptized  by  the  Rev.  James  Longanacre.  At  the 
close  of  his  three  years'  service  in  business  ho  re- 
solved to  pursue  his  studies,  and  entered  an  acad- 
emy in  his  native  county.  Afterwards,  in  1855,  he 
became  a  student  in  Richmond  College,  where  he 
graduated  in  1858,  with  the  degree  of  A. B.  In  the 
fall  of  1858  he  was  ordained  to  the  work  of  the 
gospel  ministry,  and  early  in  1859  took  charge  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  Chatham,  the  county-seat  of 
Pittsylvania,  A'a.  In  the  summer  of  18G1  he  en- 
tered the  army  of  the  Southern  Confederacy  as  cap- 
tain of  a  company.  In  1868  he  resigned  the  care 
of  the  church  in  Chatham,  and,  having  removed 
to  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  became  pastor  of  sev- 
eral churches  in  Jefferson  and  Berkeley  Counties, 
W.  Va.  In  1870  he  settled  in  Martinsburg,  taking 
exclusive  charge  of  a  church  which  he  had  organ- 
ized there,  and  directing  the  building  of  a  hand- 
some house  of  worship.  AVhile  a  resident  of  this 
place  he  was  elected  superintendent  of  the  public 
schools  in  Martinsburg  and  Berkeley  Counties,  and 
served  for  two  years  with  great  efficiency.  About 
this  time  Richmond  College  conferred  on  him  the 
honorary  degree  of  A.M.  In  1874  ho  entered  upon 
his  present  field  of  labor  as  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Alexandria,  Va.,  where  his  labors 
have  been  greatly  Idessed  in  enlarging  the  mem- 
bership and  increasing  its  influence  for  good.  Mr. 
Penick  is  honored  for  his  wortli  and  labors  not  only 
by  his  own  congregation  but  by  all  who  know  him. 


Penn,  Admiral  Sir  WiUiam,  was  Iwrn  in  Eng- 
land in  1621.  His  father,  the  captain  of  a  merchant 
vessel,  taught  him  his  own  profession  so  thoroughly 
that  early  in  life  he  was  one  of  the  ablest  niaritiers 
in  the  British  islands.  The  Mediterranean  at  that 
period  was  full  of  pirates,  whose  vessels  were  the 
swiftest  that  plowed  its  waters ;  the  crews  of 
these  ships  were  skillful  and  reckless  men,  who  shed 
blood  without  pity,  and  enslaved  freemen  without 
remorse.  The  son  of  Captain  Giles  Penn  learned 
his  calling  in  the  ocean  specially  scourged  liy  the 
pirates,  and  as  a  matter  of  necessity  he  was  a  fight- 
ing mariner.  At  the  age  of  twenty-three  Williiun 
was  appointed  a  captain  in  the  Royal  navy,  and 
was  ordered  to  take  charge  of  the  "  Fellowship,"  of 
twenty-eight  guns.  He  rose  rapidly  to  the  highest 
commands  in  the  navy  ;  before  he  was  thirty  years 
of  age  he  was  vice-admiral  of  the  Irish  seas;  and, 
though  he  died  when  he  was  only  forty-nine  years 
of  age,  he  was  an  admiral  and  general  of  the  Brit- 
ish fleet,  and  had  rendered  brilliant  services  to  his 
country. 

Some  Baptists  for  years  have  been  under  the 
impression  that  Penn  held  their  faith.  David 
Benedict  and  Curtis  make  this  statement;  and 
many  others  in  comparatively  recent  times.  Crosby 
and  Ivimey  do  not.  Neither  does  a  single  writer 
competent  to  bear  testimony  on  such  a  question. 
Southey  says  that  "  Sir  John  Lawson  was  a  rigid 
Anabaptist,"  others  of  an  earlier  day  assert  the 
same  thing.  But  while  the  religion  of  the  one  dis- 
tinguished admiral  is  frequently  stated,  the  de- 
nomination of  the  other  during  the  doubtful  period 
of  his  life  is  not  named.  Granville  Penn,  the 
great-grandson  of  Sir  William,  says,  "  His  church 
was  the  Church  of  England,  by  whose  services  he 
was  baptized  and  buried,  and  to  which  he  adhered 
when  it  could  be  found.'^  He,  no  doubt,  was  bap- 
tized in  the  Episcopal  Church,  but  so  were  many 
thousands  of  Baptists  in  his  day.  And  his  being 
buried  with  the  Episcopal  service  affords  no  evi- 
dence that  he  was  an  Episcopalian.  He  died  in 
1070,  under  the  restored  Stuarts,  when  nothing  but 
the  Episcopal  service  would  be  tolerated  in  the 
parish  church  of  Redclyffe,  Bristol,  where  he  was 
interred.  Moreover,  a  man  of  Sir  William's  char- 
actor  under  the  Stuarts  was  certain  to  bo  a  member 
of  the  church  patronized  by  the  powerful.  Gran- 
ville Penn  states  that  Sir  William  adhered  to  the 
Church  of  England  (Episcopalianism)  "  when  it 
could  be  found."  Daniel  Neal  says  that  in  1641 
"the  old  English  hierarchy  was  suspended,  and 
lay  prostrate  for  about  eighteen  years."  Maeaulay 
says,  ''The  Puritans  interdicted  (in  England), 
under  heavy  penalties,  the  use  of  the  Book  of  Com- 
mon Prayer,  not  only  in  churches,  but  even  in  pri- 
vate houses.  It  was  a  crime  in  a  child  to  read,  by 
the  bedside  of  a  sick  parent,  one  of  those  beautiful 


PENN 


900 


PEXX 


collects  which  had  soothed  the  g;riefs  of  forty  gen- 
erations of  Christians."  Episcopalianism  was  out- 
lawed in  England  for  years.  During  this  period 
Sir  William  Penn  never  hinted  that  his  preferences 
were  for  the.  Episcopal  Churdh.  He  would  have 
been,  during  a  large  part  of  the  interregnum,  in- 
stantly removed  from  iiis  command  if  he  had.     It 

'is  extremely  probable  that  the  politic  admiral,  es- 
pecially just  before  the  Protectorate,  was  a  friend 
of  the  Baptists.  His  interests  required  him  to  be 
a  Congregationalist  or  a  Baptist,  and  these  were  of 
supreme  moment  with  Sir  William  Penn.  Baptist 
principles  were  extensively  held  in  the  navy,  and 
they  were  entertained  by  his  chief  friends.  So 
that  it  is  not  unlikely  that  he  pretended  to  favor 
Baptist  doctrines.  But  we  know  of  no  authority 
for  the  common  tradition  that  Penn  was  a  member 
of  any  Baptist  church  or  congregation. 

Sir  William  Penn  owed  his  entire  position  in  the 
navy  to  the  enemies  of  the  Stuarts^  The  Parlia- 
ment first,  and  Cromwell  afterwards,  gave  him 
promotion  and  wealth.  When  he  was  about  to 
leave  for  the  West  Indies  in  charge  of  a  fleet  of 
thirty-eight  vessels  of  war,  according  to  Granville 
Penn,  at  his  own  request,  he  received  from  Crom- 
well lands  in  Ireland  worth  £300  per  annum,  "  as 
they  were  let  in  1640,''  to  make  up  for  his  losses. 
On  the  4th  of  December-,  1654,  the  Protector  him- 
self wrote  to  the  Lord-deputy  and  Council  in  Ire- 
land ordering  the  speedy  selection  of  the  lands  given 
to  Penn,  and  Cromwell  directs  that  they  should 
be  chosen  "  where  there  is  a  castle,  or  convenient 
house  of  habitation  upon  them,  and  near  to  some 
garrison  for  security."  -Cromwell  gives  as  a  reason 
for  the  special  interest  which  he  showed  in  Penn's 
lands,  that  the  admiral  "  is  now  engaged  in  farther 
service  for  the  Commonwealth  in  the  present  ex- 
pedition by  sea,  and  cannot  himself  look  after  the 
settling  of  the  said  estate."  The  expedition  was 
the  disastrous  West  Indian  undertaking  led  by 
Penn  and  Venables. 

After  all  the  favors  which  the  Parliament  and 
Cromwell  could  grant  Penn,  on  the  25th  of  De- 
cember, a  few  days  after  he  left  Spithead,  he  sent 
word  to  Prince,  subsequently  Charles  II.,  that  he 

.  was  ready  to  place  the  whole  fleet  at  his  disposal, 
and  run  it  into  any  port  he  might  designate. 
Granville  Penn  admits  this,  and  accounts  for  it  by 
the  desire  of  his  ancestor  to  see  the  king  supplant 
Cromwell  "as  the  only  means  of  restoring  health 
and  soundness  to  his  disordered  country."  Cl.ar- 
endon  records  Penn's  treacherous  act.  Penn"s  ac- 
ceptance of  the  command  of  the  expedition,  and 
his  .seeking  and  olitaining  a  very  valuable  grant 
from  Cromwell,  make  the  proposed  surrender  of 
his  fleet  to  Charles  II.  an  infamous  offer.  It  was 
the  deliberate  and  wicked  expression  of  a  deceitful 
and  selfish  heart. 


Penn  was  thrown  into  prison  after  his  return 
from  the  West  Indies,  and,  according  to  Dixon,  he 
sent  a  humble  petition  to  the  Council,  in  which  he 
confessed  his  faults  and  threw  himself  upon  the 
mercy  of  Cromwell,  who  generously  restored  him 
to  freedom.  After  this,  pretending  to  give  up  pol- 
itics, he  retired  to  Ireland,  and  upon  the  very  estate 
given  him  by  the  Protector  "he  used  his  whole  in- 
fluence to  prepare  in  secret  a  way  for  the  return  of 
the  exiled  princes."  And  on  the  deposition  of 
Richard  Cromwell,  even  Monk  was  not  a  more  un-  ' 
blushing  betrayer  of  the  liberties  of  his  country 
than  Admiral  Penn.  Charles  II.  knighted  him  in 
Holland  for  his  treason  to  the  people  of  England. 
Dixon,  in  his  "  Historical  Biography  of  William 
Penn,"  says  of  the  admiral,  "  The  cavalier  who 
stood  by  his  prince  through  all  the  changes  of  for- 
tune may  be  admired,  even  by  a  Republican  ;  but 
for  the  man  who  seeks  a  trust  mereU'  to  betray  it, 
who  uses  the  sword  to  strike  the  hand  he  voluntarily 
sweai's  to  defend,  no  term  of  reprehension  is  too 
strong.  Admiral  Penn's  case  was  one  of  peculiar 
baseness,  for  he  added  ingratitude  to  treason." 
The  American  army,  in  the  Revolution,  had  one 
notorious  general  who  tried  to  serve  the  king  of 
England  in  the  spirit  which  governed  Admiral 
Penn. 

William  Penn,  the  founder  of  this  State,  learned 
liis  ideas  of  liberty  fj'om  Algernon  Sidney,  and  not 
from  his  father,  who  never  was  a  Baptist.  His 
views  of  freedom  were  broad  and  generous  for  that 
day.  But  the  Baptists  before  and  during  his  time 
were  far  in  advance  of  Penn  or  his  teachers  in  their 
knowledge  and  application  of  religious  liberty. 
Ilepworth  Dixon  says  that  at  Chester,  in  1682, 
Penn's  first  legislative  assembly  met  in  the 
Friends"  meeting-house  with  the  great  Quaker, 
and  they  passed  laws  in  conformity  with  Penn's 
"Frame  of  Government,'"  issued  by  him  in  London 
some  time  before.  One  of  these  gave  liberty  to  the 
people  to  believe  "  any  doctrines  not  destructive  to 
the  peace  and  honor  of  civil  society,"'  and  another 
declared  "  that  every  Christian  man  of  twenty-one 
years  of  age,  unstained  by  crime,  should  be  eligible 
to  elect  or  be  elected  a  member  of  the  Colonial  Par- 
liament." According  to  this  law,  no  Israelite  or 
unbeliever  in  Christ  could  vote  in  Penn"s  terri- 
tories. This  was  William  Penn's  own  doctrine. 
In  Rhode  Island,  in  1647,  under  the  guidance  of 
Roger  AVilliams,  laws  were  made  giving  equal  lib- 
erty to  men  of  all  creeds  and  of  none.  And  this 
was  the  doctrine  of  Baptists  for  ages  before  that 
time. 

See  Southey"s  "  Lives  of  the  British  Admirals,"' 
v.  240.  London,  1837.  ''  Memorials  of  Sir  Wil- 
liam Penn,""  by  Granville  Penn,  i.  94;  ii.  17,  20; 
ii.  15,  141.  London,  1833.  Neal's  "History  of  the 
Puritans,"'    ii.   466.      Dublin,    1755.      Macaulay's 


PENNEPEK 


901 


PENNSYLVANIA 


"History  of  En;cl:iii'l-*'  i-  ^-5.  Boston,  1854. 
Clarendon's  "  History  of  the  Rebellion,''  iii.  oTG. 
Oxford,  1706.  William  Ilepworth  Dixon's  "  His- 
torical Biography  of  William  Penn,"  23,  25, 27,  201, 
202. 
Pennepek,  or  Lower  Lublin  Church.— This 

is  the  oldest  Baptist  church  in  I'erinsylv  ania.  The 
Cold  Spring  church  existed  before  it,  but  dissolved 
in  a  few  years.  Its  edifice  is  in  the  twenty-third 
ward  of  Philadelphia,  in  a  beautiful  rural  region, 
a  few  rods  from  the  Pennepek  Creek,  where  candi- 
dates have  been  immersed  from  the  organization 
of  the  cliurch.  This  church  is  the  seat  (cathedra) 
from  which  the  inSuonces  and  the  men  went  forth 
who  organized  the  earliest  churches  in  Pennsylva- 
nia and  in  New  Jersey. 

It  was  founded  by  Elias  Keach,  whose  father 
was  a  distinguished  Baptist  minister  atid  author  in 
London,  in  the  month  of  January,  1G88.  Its  con- 
stituent members  were  Elias  Keach.  John  Eaton, 
George  Eaton  and  Jane,  his  wife,  Sarah  Eaton, 
Samuel  Jones,  John  Baker,  Samuel  Vaus,  Joseph 
Ashton  and  Jane,  his  wife,  William  Fisher,  and 
John  Watts.  Mr.  Keach  was  elected  pastor,  and 
Samuel  Vaus  was  chosen  and  ordained  a  deacon. 
Mr.  Keach  was  an  apostle  in  zeal  and  labors  to 
win  souls  to  Jesus.  He  preached  in  Philadelphia, 
Chester,  Salem,  Middletown,  Cohansey,  Burling- 
ton, Trenton,  and  elsewhere.  The  Lord  greatly 
blessed  these  missionary  efforts,  and  a  branch  of 
the  Pennepek  church  was  formed  in  each  preach- 
ingstation.  Morgan  Edwards  saysof  these  branches, 
"  They  were  all  one  church,  and  Pennepek  the  cen- 
tre of  union,  where  as  many  as  could  met  to  cele- 
brate the  death  of  Christ;  and  for  the  sake  of  distant 
members  they  administered  the  ordinance  quarterly 
at  Burlington,  Cohansey,  Salem,  and  Philadelphia." 
In  about  three  years  Middletown,  Piscatarjua,  and 
Cohansey  became  churches.  Mr.  Keach  returned 
to  England  in  1692.  John  Watts,  a  member  of  the 
church,  succeeded  Mr.  Keach  as  pastor.  In  1700, 
Mr.  Watts,  at  the  request  of  the  church,  prepared  a 
catechism,  which  was  also  intended  for  a  confession 
of  faitii,  and  the  work  was  published  that  year.  In 
1707  a  house  of  worship  was  erected  near  the  site 
of  the  present  church  ;  the  building  was  25  feet 
square.  In  1770  a  new  house  was  built,  3.3  by  30. 
The  third  church  edifice  was  reared  in  1805,  and  it 
stands  to-day  a  substantial  and  capacious  struc- 
ture, around  which  hallowed  memories  cluster. 
Many  other  churches,  including  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Philadelphia,  owe  their  origin  to  the 
Pennepelc  community,. 

During  a  period  of  six  years  there  were  no  bap- 
tisms in  the  Pennepek  church,  though  it  was  fa- 
vored by  the  pastoral  labors  of  Dr.  Samuel  Jones, 
one  of  the  most  talented  and  godly  men  that 
preached  the  gospel  in  the  United  States.     At  the 


close  of  this  time  of  bari'enness  a  revival  commenced 
in  1804,  which  lasted  for  about  six  years. 

The  Pennepek  church  is  a  member  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Association  at  this  day,  which  came  into 
existence  under  her  auspices.  The  church  has  had 
twenty  pastors,  and  has  sent  forth  twenty-two  per- 
sons to  preach  the  gospel. 

Pennsylvania  Baptists.— Thomas  Dungan,  an 

old  minister,  came  f'r<,)m  Uliode  Island  to  the  col- 
ony of  Penn  in  1684.  He  gathered  a  cliurch  at 
Cold  Spring,  near  Bristol,  Bucks  County,  "of 
which,"  says  Morgan  Edwards  in  1770,  "nothing 
remains  but  a  grave-yard  and  the  names  of  the 
families  that  belonged  to  it, — the  Dungans,  Gard- 
ners, Woods,  Doyles,  etc."  He  died  in  1688,  and 
was  buried  at  Cold  Spring.  Even  the  grave-yard 
has  disappeared  now,  and  only  the  foundations  of 
.a  wall  can  be  traced,  which  formed  a  part  of  the 
church  or  a  portion  of  the  cemetery  wall.  The 
church  itself  disljanded  alter  a  brief  but  useful  ex- 
istence. 

The  second  church  founded  in  Pennsylvania  was 
the  Lower  Dublin,  or  Pennepek.  In  the  year  1686, 
Elias  Keach,  of  London,  a  wild  young  man,  arrived 
in  Philadelphia.  He  dressed  in  black  and  wore 
bands  to  pass  for  a  minister.  He  obtained  an  op- 
portunity to  preach  in  the  house  of  a  Baptist  in 
Lower  Dublin,  and  when  he  had  spoken  for  some 
time  he  "  stopped  short,  looked  like  a  man  aston- 
ished, and  the  audience  concluded  that  he  had  been 
seized  with  some  sudden  disorder."  But  they 
speedily  learned  that  he  was  deeply  convicted  of 
sin.  He  went  to  Father  Dungan,  of  Cold  Spring, 
who  pointed  him  to  .Jesus :  he  soon  had  peace  in 
believing,  and  he  was  baptized  and  ordained  by 
Mr.  Dungan.  He  formed  a  church  of  twelve  per- 
sons at  Pennepek  in  January,  1688,  and  became 
their  pastor.  He  labored  with  burning  zeal,  and, 
considering  the  difficulties,  with  astonishing  suc- 
cess, through  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey,  and 
established  missions  at  "the  Falls  (Trenton),  Bur- 
lington, Cohansey,  Salem,  Pennsneck,  Chester,  and 
Philadelphia,"  and  he  maintained  preaching  at 
Cold  Spring  and  Middletown.  He  had  the  zeal  of 
an  enthusiast,  and  "  he  was  considered  the  chief 
apostle  of  the  Baptists  in  these  parts  of  America." 
He  returned  to  his  birthplace  in  1692,  but  the  mis- 
sions in  several  cases  l)ecame  churches,  and  the 
spirit  he  planted  in  these  communities  created  the 
Philadel))Iiia  Association  a  few  years  after  he  left 
the  colony. 

The  Great  A'alley  church  was  constituted  in 
1711.  The  Brandywine  church  was  formed  in 
1715.  The  Montgomery  church  was  organized  in 
1719.  The  Tiilpehocken  church  was  founded  in 
1738,  and  the  Southampton  in  1740.  The  Phila- 
delphia church  had  an  existence  either  as  a  branch 
of  Lower  Dublin  or  as  an  independent  community 


PENNSYLVANIA 


902 


PENNSYLVANIA 


from  1698,  the  former  is  the  more  probable.  But 
in  1746,  to  settle  doubts  on  this  question  and  to 
protect  legacies,  the  church  was  formally  incorpo- 
rated. The  New  Britain  church  was  organized  in 
1754,  and  the  Vincent  in  1770. 

Since  our  national  independence  was  secured, 
about  200  churches  liave  arisen  in  the  counties  east 
of  the  Susquehanna  River  and  its  North  Branch. 
Some  of  these  became  extinct,  or  changed  names 
and  locations,  so  that  a  clear  and  complete  sketch 
of  them  all,  however  interesting,  would  be  entirely 
impracticable  in  this  work. 

The  first  known  English  Baptist  preacher  on  the 
Susquehanna  was  the  first  person  named  as  slain 
in  the  first  Wyoming  massacre,  in  1763.  He  was 
AV^illiam  Marsh,  a  New  England  Separatist,  but 
came  from  AVantage,  N.  J.,  into  Pennsylvania. 
The  first  church  was  formed  in  Pittston,in  Decem- 
ber, 1776.  The  first  Baptists  in  Northern  Penn- 
sylvania were  from  Connecticut,  Rhode  Island, 
Massachusetts,  Virginia,  New  Yorlf,  and  New  Jer- 
sey. They  were  Revolutionai-y  soldiers  and  pio- 
'neers  of  the  settlements,  both  ministers  and  private 
members. 

A  portion  of  Southwestern  Pennsylvania  was 
taken  up  by  Virginians.  There  were  Baptists 
among  them,  and  a  church  was  founded  at  Augh- 
wick,  Huntingdon  Co.,  in  1776;  at  Konoloway, 
Bedford,  in  1764  ;  atgideling  Hill,  Fulton,  in  1790  ; 
at  Turkeyfoot,  Somerset,  in  1775 ;  at  Great  Bethel 
(Uniontown),  Fayette,  in  1770  ;  at  Goslien,  Greene, 
in  1773;  at  Peter's  Creek,  Washington,  in  1773; 
at  Pigeon  Creek,  in  1775;  Loyalhaniia,  in  1775; 
Forks  of  Yough,  in  1777.  Enon  church  arose  in 
1791;  Beulah,  Cambria  Co.,  in  1797;  Pittsburgh 
in  1812.  These  facts  show  the  progress  of  settle- 
ments, without  attempting  details  of  the  scores  of 
churches  which  have  arisen  on  and  west  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna. 

ASSOCIATIONS 

are  yearly  meetings  of  messengers  of  churches 
combining  for  spiritual  improvement,  to  ascertain 
changes,  and  to  confer  as  to  measures  for  promoting 
their  sentiments.  Their  powers  are  advisory.  The 
following  ai'e  the  regular  Baptist  Associations  in 
Pennsylvania : 

1707. — Philadelphia,  the  first  Association  in 
America,  now  174  years  old. 

1776. — Redstone,  in  Southwestern  Pennsylvania, 
finally  absorbed  by  others  about  1S41. 

1807. — Abington,  in  Lackawanna  County,  and 
west  and  north  of  it. 

1809. — Beaver,  on  Avest  central  border  of  the 
State. 

1821. — Northumberland,  in  tlie  east-central 
(Lewisburg)  region. 

1823. — French  Creek,  in  the  northwest  corner  of 
the  State. 


1S26. — Bridge  water,  out  of  old  Su.squehanna,  in 
Susquehanna  County  and  eastern  Bradford. 

1830. — Centre,  a  missionary  body  in  the  Juniata 
River  region. 

1831. — Central  Union,  in  and  west  of  Philadel- 
phia. 

1832. — Monongahela,  a  missionary  body,  south- 
ward of  Pittsburgh. 

1835. — Bradford,  North,  mostly  from  Old-School 
Chemung. 

.  1837. — Clarion,  north-central,  west  of  the  Alle- 
ghany Mountains. 

1839. — Pittsburgh,  in  and  around  that  city. 

1843. — Wyoming,  from  Bridgewater,  in  Wyo- 
ming and  Luzerne  Counties. 

1843. — Tioga,  from  Bradford,  mostly  in  Tioga 
County,  northern  tier. 

1847. — Clearfield,  central,  both  sides  of  theAUe- 
glianies. 

1848.— North  Philadelphia,  from  Philadelphia 
and  Central  Union. 

1859. — Ten-Mile,  southwesfcorner  of  the  State. 

1865. — Oil  Creek  Association  was  formed. 

1870.— AVayne,  from  Abington,  northeast  corner 
of  the  State. 

1875.— Reading,  in  east-central,  or  Schuylkill 
coal  region. 

1876. — Indiana,  south  of  Clarion,  west  of  the 
Alleghanies. 

1878. — Wheeling,  in  AVestern  Pennsylvania  and 
AVest  A^irginia. 

East  Pennsylvania  AA'^elsh  Association  is  more 
than  twenty  years  old. 

There  are  about  forty  AVelsh  churches,  and  half 
a  dozen  German,  of  the  regular  Baptist  Hiith  not 
connected  with  English  Associations 

All  our  churches,  in  Potter  and  McKean  Coun- 
ties, and  a  number  of  the  others  on  the  northern 
tier,  associate  with  bodies  in  New  York  State. 

There  are  23  Associations  in  this  State,  568 
churches,  and  64,572  members.  There  are  503 
Sunday-schools  reported,  with  6120  ofiicers  and 
teachers,  and  50,860  scholars.  Six  Associations 
mak-e  no  report  of  Sunday-schools,  when  most 
probably  every  church  has  one. 

AVhen  it  is  remembered  that  Pennsylvania  was 
chiefly  settled  by  Scotch-Irish  and  Germans,  that 
is,  by  people  intensely  Presbyterian  or  tenaciousl3' 
I><itheran,  nearly  the  most  diflicult  material  on 
earth  out  of  wliich  to  make  Baptists,  and  that  few 
members  of  our  denomination,  comparatively,  came 
from  Europe,  the  progress  of  the  Baptists  is  re- 
markable. 

EDUCATION. 

Pennsylvanians  led  in  forming  the  first  Baptist 
academy  in  this  country, — Isaac  Eaton's,  at  Hope- 
well, N.  J.,  1756, — and  also  in  establishing  their 
first  college, — Brown  University,  Providence,  R.  I., 


PENNSYLVANIA 


903 


PENNSYLVANIA 


in  1700.  Dr.  Siunuel  Jones  conduoted  an  academy 
at  Lower  Dublin  from  1706  to  17U4.  In  1814  an 
education  society  for  tiie  Middle  States  was  formed 
in  Pliiladelpliia.  Its  master-spirit,  Dr.  William 
Staugliton,  had  for  some  years  taken  ministerial 
students  to  his  liome  for  private  instruction,  and 
in  1818  he  and  Prof.  Irah  Chase  hired  rooms  for 
the  same  object.  The  institution  was  removed  to 
Washington  City,  and  in  18"J1  appeared  as  Colum- 
bian College.  The  Hamilton  (N.  Y.)  Institution, 
now  called  Madison  University,  received  material 
aid  from  Pennsylvania.  In  1832  the  Northumber- 
land Association  proposed  a  Manual  Labor  Acad- 
emy, principally  to  aid  ministerial  students,  but 
waived  it  in  favor  of  the  proposal  of  Philadelphia 
brethren  to  found  an  institution  at  Haddington. 
And  when  the  Haddington  effort  failed,  the  North- 
umberland friends  rallied,  and  in  1840,  Prof.  S.  W. 
Taylor  opened  a  high  school,  which  developed  into 
a  college,  with  academic  and  theological  depart- 
ments, and  a  female  institute,  now  called  the  Uni- 
versity of  Lewisburg.  By  amicable  arrangement, 
the  theological  department  was,  in  1868,  trans- 
ferred to  Crozer  Theological  Seminary,  at  Upland, 
Delaware  Co. 

The  academies  under  the  direct  control  of  the 
Baptists  of  the  State  are  five  in  number:  the  Uni- 
versity Academy,  at  Lewisburg,  founded  in  184G; 
the  Keid  Institute,  in  Clarion  County,  established 
in  1803  ;  Monongahela  College  Academy,  in  Greene 
County,  instituted  in  1867 ;  Keystone  Academy,  in 
Wyoming  County,  opened  in  1808 ;  and  Mount 
Pleasant  Institute,  in  Westmoreland  County, 
founded  in  1873.  The  University  Female  Insti- 
tute at  Lewisburg  is  not  included  in  the  al)ove 
list.  It  is  the  only  ladies'  institute  within  the 
State,  and  is  connected  with  the  university,  thus 
enjoying  peculiar  advantages.  It  embraces  a  regu- 
lar college  course,  and  has  hitherto  been  awarded 
a  large  share  of  public  patronage. 

During  the  past  year  the  number  of  instructors 
attached  to  these  academies  was  37,  and  the  num- 
ber of  students  041.  At  a  very  low  valuation,  the 
amount  invested  in  tliese  schools  is  §160,000. 
These  institutions  are  of  recent  origin,  and  it  is  be- 
lieved that  the  Baptists  of  Pennsylvania  will  soon 
start  new  schools  in  other  localities. 

LITERATURE. 

The  first  known  American  work  in  favor  of  dis- 
tinct Baptist  principles  is  attributed  to  John  Watts, 
of  Pennepek,  and  was  printed  in  the  year  1700. 
It  was  designed  mostly  for  children  and  youth. 
No  copy  of  it  is  known  to  the  public.  Morgan  Ed- 
wards, of  Philadelphia,  wrote  historical  sketches 
of  priceless  value  of  the  Baptists  in  several  of  the 
colonies.  Doctors  S.  Jones,  Rogers,  Staugliton, 
Ilolcombe,  Belcher,  INIalcora,  Curtis,  Brantly,  Sr., 


Ira  M.  Allen,  Geo.  B.  Ide,  and  J.  Newton  Brown 
among  the  dead,  and  II.  G.  Jones,  Jr.,  Anderson, 
Magoon,  Catlicart,  Pendleton,  Dyer,  Spencer,  J. 
Wlieaton  Smitii,  Dr.  W.  W.  Keen,  Francis  Jen- 
nings, ■] .  Spencer  Kennard,  Justin  R.  Looniis,  and 
others  among  the  living.  Robert  Lowry's  hymns 
are  sung  around  the  world.  Any  attempt  to  name 
the  books,  or  other  most  worthy  products  from  the 
pen  of  our  people,  might  seem  invidious,  and  it  is 
hardly  possible  to  make  such  a  record  complete. 

The  following  are  names  of  Baptist  periodicals 
that  have  been  or  are  still  issued  in  Philadelphia: 
Latter-Day  Luminary,  Christian  Lidex,  The  World 
as  it  is  and  as  it  should  be,  Religious  Narrator, 
Christian  Gazette,  Baptist  Perord,  Christian  Chron- 
icle, National  Baptist,  Baptist  Quarterly,  and  sev- 
eral for  children  and  Sunday-schools,  with  millions 
of  pages  of  tracts  and  books  from  the  American 
Baptist  Publication  Society. 

From  182rj  to  1827,  at  Montrose,  Davis  Dimock 
issued  the  Baptist  Mirror,  or  Christian  Maijuzine. 
In  1827,  Eugenio  Kincaid,  at  Milton,  y)ublished  a 
Literary  and  Evanyelical  Register.  And  Pittsburgh 
has  furnished  one  or  more  periodicals  adapted  to 
the  wants  of  Western  Pennsylvania. 

BENEVOLENCE. 

Early  minutes  of  the  Philadelphia  Association 
are  very  meagre,  yet  they  give  proofs  of  efforts  to 
send  the  gospel  to  the  destitute  at  home,  to  use 
the  press  for  the  common  good,  and  to  aid  young 
men  in  preparing  to  be  able  ministers  of  the  New 
Testament.  Before  and  after  the  Revolution  they 
sent  evangelists  into  the  new  fields  on  the  Susque- 
hanna, and  at  an  early  day  they  transmitted  money 
to  Hindoostan,  and  to  Burmah  soon  after  missions 
were  opened  there. 

In  1800  a  Philadelphia  Domestic  Mission  So- 
ciety was  formed.  In  1810  they  reported  seven 
men  in  their  service, — Thomas  Smiley,  on  the 
AVest  Branch  ;  Thomas  G.  Jones,  in  Pennsylvania 
and  Ohio  ;  Ilcnry  George,  at  Owl  Creek,  in  Ohio  ; 
William  West,  near  Lake  Erie  ;  and  Brethren  Mon- 
tague, Bateman,  and  Cooper  on  both  sides  of  the 
Delaware.  In  1827  the  Philadelphia  and  other 
similar  local  societies  began  their  union  as  the 
Baptist  Missionary  Association  of  Pennsylvania. 
At  its  semi-centennial,  in  1877,  it  reported  a  total 
expenditure  of  $282,189  in  its  fifty  years'  work, 
during  which  it  had  aided  233  churches  and  made 
1430  appointments  of  home  missionaries,  who  had 
reported  al)()ut  17,IH)0  ])aptisms. 

The  Baptist  General  Tract  Society,  formed  in 
AVashington  City  in  1824,  came  to  Philadelphia  in 
1826,  and  is  now  known  as  the  American  Baptist 
Publication  Society.  It  has  constantly  enlarged 
its  power  in  the  production  of  wholesome  reading, 
its  business  department  aiding  its  large  outlays  in 


PENNSYLVANIA 


904 


PENTECOST 


benevolence.  It  was  many  years  located  at  530 
Arch  Street,  but  now  has  spacious  and  eligible  ac- 
commodations, as  denominational  and  book  head- 
quarters, at  1420  Chestnut  Street. 

The  Pennsylvania  Baptist-  Education  Society, 
founded  in  1839,  has  vigorously  prosecuted  its 
aims,  with  great  advantages  to  the  rising  ministry, 
and  through  them  to  the  church  and  to  the  world. 

Among  the  promoters  of  every  good  enterprise 
may  generally  be  found  a  fair  proportion  of  Penn- 
sylvania Baptists.  In  the  first  national  foreign 
mission  meeting  were  Staughton,  Rogers,  Hol- 
combe,  Proudfoot,  Randall,  White,  Peckworth,  11. 
G.  Jones,  Sr.,  Hough,  and  Mathias.  The  Baptists 
of  Pennsylvania  are  generous  contributors  to  home 
and  foreign  objects. 

The  university  at  Lewisburg  has  extensive  and 
beautiful  buildings  and  a  handsome  endowment. 
Crozer  Theological  Seminary,  in. its  home  and  in  its 
endowment,  is  a  monument  of  liberaU ty.  The  white 
marble  house  of  the  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society  cost  $2.58,000,  is  entirely  out  of  debt,  and 
was  paid  for  ciiiefly  by  Pennsylvanians.  The  fifty- 
six  Baptist  churches  of  Philadelpliia  have  a  greater 
number  of  splendid  church  edifices  than  any  one  of 
the  other  denominations  in  the  city,  and  they  .are 
nearly  all  free  from  debt. 

The  Baptists  of  Pennsylvania  are  thoroughlj- 
united,  and  they  are  praying,  working,  and  giving 
to  spread  the  knowledge  of  Jesus  in  a  way  that  in- 
spires the  hope  that  in  twenty  years,  with  God's 
blessing,  they  will  double  their  nunibers. 

Pennsylvania  Baptist  Education  Society, 

The,  was  organized  Sept.  IS,  1839,  in  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Philadelphia.  It  has  extended 
aid  to  about  500  students.  It  is  believed  tliat  over 
300  ministers  thus  aided  are  now  in  active  service 
in  home  and  foreign  fields.  The  experience  of  the 
past  forty  years  fully  justifies  us  in  stating  that 
such  organizations  are , of  vital  necessity.  In  the 
workings  of  this  society,  each  year  is  strictly  pi'o- 
bationary,  and  students  failing  to  meet  just  expec- 
tations are  dropped  from  the  list.  The  society  is 
not  in  formal  connection  with  any  institution  of 
learning,  but  holds  itself  at  liberty  to  give  aid  to 
students  studying  outside  of  Pennsylvania,  when 
adequate  reasons  for  the  selection  are  given.  The 
appropriations  given  to  students  are  designed  to 
cover  the  cost  of  chea|i  l)oarding  and  the  expense 
of  tuition.  They  have  varied  in  different  periods 
from  $80  annually  to  i?1.50.  The  present  masiuium 
grant  is  Si  10. 

The  officers  for  1881  are  Thomas  J.  Iloskinson. 
President;  Levi  Knowles,  Treasurer;  Rev.  G.  M. 
Spratt,  D.l).,  Corresponding  Secretary  ;  Rev.  Jacob 
G.  Walker,  Recording  Secretary.  Twenty  mem- 
bers constitute  the  board  of  managers. 

Dr.  Spratt  has  made  the  society,  in  his  many  years 


of  service,. the  most  successful  agency  for  its  ob- 
ject in  this  country.  The  receipts  last  year  were 
§12,000,  and  there  were  63  students  who  received 

assistance. 

Pennsylvania  Baptist  General  Association. 

was  founded  July  4,  1827,  in  the  Blockley  Baptist 
church,  Philadelphia.  The  organization  of  the 
society  was  perfected  in,  the  autumn  of  the  same 
year.  It  is  purely  a  State  missionary  institution. 
Rev.  William  E.  Ashton  was  its  first  president. 
Hon.  James  M.  Linnard  held  that  office  with* 
remarkable  usefulness  for  twenty-seven  j-*cars. 
During  the  first  half-century  of  its  existence  it 
has  had  on  an  .average  29  mission.aries  a  year  in 
its  employment,  and  it  issued  1430  commissions. 
In  that  period  it  formed  or  fostered  233  of  the 
B.aptist  churches  of  the  State,  some  of  which  to- 
d.ay  are  the  strongest  and  most  flourishing  in  Penn- 
sylvania. During  the  fourteen  years"  secretaryship 
of  the  Rev.  L.  G.  Beck  th^  sum  of  .?172,Ood  was 
raised  for  the  Association,  ancj  the  churches  in- 
creased from  424  to  553,  and  the  members  from 
.40,000  to  63,500.  The  Association  h.as  accomplished 
a  grand  work,  and  it  is.  at  this  time,  in  a  state  of 
efficiency  that  inspires  exalted  hopes  for  coming 
days. 

In  1880  it  employed  42  missionaries.  Its  income 
was  §14,914.43.  Rev.  R.  II.  Austin  was  its  presi- 
dent, and  Rev.  W.  H.  Conard  its  corresponding 
secretary. 

Pennsylvania,  Western,  Classical  and  Scien- 
tific Institute  is  located  at  Mount  Pleasant,  Pa., 
about  forty  miles  southeast  of  Pittsburgh,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  rail.  The  academy  is  at 
the  foot  of  the  mountains,  in  a  rich  farming  region. 
Its  site  affords  a  commanding  view  of  the  town 
and  the  surrounding  country.  Its  buildings  are 
spacious,  and  possess  every  convenience  and  com- 
fort. 

Mount  Pleasant  has  seven  evangelical  churches, 
with  a  substantial  membership  in  each,  and  other 
religious  bodies,  with  regular  preaching.  No  in- 
toxicating liquors,  aL-cording  to  law,  can  be  sold  in 
Mount  Pleasant,  or  within  two  miles  of  it. 

The  school  was  organized  under  the  auspices  of 
the  Pittsburgh,  Monong.ahela,  and  Beaver  Baptist 
Associations.  It  was  opened  in  1873,  and  its  growth 
has  been  constant  until  it  is  now  self-sustaining. 
Both  sexes  are  admitted  to  its  advantages,  and  they 
are  about  equally  represented  in  its  classes.  It  has 
usually  six  te.achers.  It  imparts  a  first-class  aca- 
demical education,  and  it  is  now  a  blessing  to  the 
section  of  the  State  where  its  advantages  have  been 
so  extensively  onjuyed. 

Pentecost,  Rev.  Hugh  0.,  son  of  Hugh  L.  and 

Emma  (Flower)  Pentecost,  was  born  Sept.  30,  1848, 
at  New  Harmony,  Ind. ;  educated  at  Madison  Uni- 
vcrsitv.  N.  Y..  where  he  took  a  select  course;  or- 


PEPPER 


905 


PERRY 


dained  in  1S71,  at  llockville  Centre,  Long  Island, 
and  settled  as  pastor  ;  second  settlement  was  with 
the  Calvary  Baptist  church  in  Westerly,  R.  I., 
Aug.  4,  1875;  third  settlement  with  South  Baptist 
church,  Hartford,  Conn.,  May  1,  1878  ;  has  re- 
cently become  pastor  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ;  an  able, 
successful,  and  devoted  minister. 
Pepper,  Prof.  George  Dana  Boardman,  L.D., 

the  youngest  son  of  .Joliii  and  Kuuice   Hutchinson 


PROF.  GEORGE  DANA  KOARDMAX  I'EPPER,  D.D. 

Pepper,  was  born  in  Ware,  Mass.,  Feb.  5,  1833. 
His  parents  were  members  of  a  Baptist  church  in 
which  his  father  was  a  deacon,  so  that  from  in- 
fancy the  future  professor  lived  in  an  atmosphere 
of  Christian  influence.  Though  the  subject  of 
positive  religious  experiences  when  not  more  than 
seven  or  eight  years  old,  it  was  not  until  May  4, 
1856,  that  he  publicly  professed  faith  in  Christ  by 
baptism,  and  became  a  member  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  his  native  town.  After  a  thorough  aca- 
demical preparation  for  college  he  entered  Amherst, 
in  which  he  graduated  in  1857,  ranking  third  in 
his  class.  He  entered  Newton  Theological  Semi- 
nary after  leaving  Amherst,  and  took  the-  full 
course.  After  leaving  Newton  he  became  pastor 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Waterville,  Me.,  the 
seat  of  Cqlby  University.  In  1865  he  accepted  the 
chair  of  Ecclesiastical  History  in  Newton  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  which  he  occupied  with  so  much 
Acceptance  and  success  that  he  was  elected  to  the 
professorship  of  Oliristian  Theology  in  the  newly 
established  school  at  Upland,  Pa.,  the  Crozer  Theo- 
logical Seminary.  He  spent  one  year  in  prepara- 
58 


tion  for  the  duties  of  the  new  position,  upon  the 
discharge  of  which  he  entered  in  the  autumn  of 
1868 ;  and  he  continues  in  that  institution  still, 
giving  his  able  co-operation  in  moulding  the  prin- 
ciples and  characters  of  men,  not  a  few  of  whom 
have  already  taken  an  honored  place  in  the  Baptist 
ministry. 

Several  of  his  discussions  of  denominational  and 
other  theological  questions  have  been  published  in 
reviews,  in  pamphlets,  and  otherwise.  For  eight 
years  ho  prepared  for  the  Baptist  Teacher  the  ex- 
positions of  the  International  Sunday-School  Les- 
sons. This  effort  involved  and  exliibited  great 
learning,  given  in  wisely  simple  terms.  And  it  is 
doubtful  if  the  same  work  was  ever  performed  as 
well  by  another.  He  is  the  author  of  a  volume  of 
respectable  dimensions  on  "  Outlines  of  Theology," 
which  he  has  not  given  to  the  public,  and  which 
he  uses  in  his  class  with  so  much  success  that  his 
students  leave  him  the  equals  of  the  best-trained 
theological  graduates  in  our  country,  and  the  su- 
periors of  many  of  their  young  brethren.  Prof. 
Pepper  is  a  man  of  extreme  gentleness  and  mod- 
esty, of  the  highest  culture,  the  deepest  piety,  and 
the  greatest  worth.  Mrs.  Pepper  is  well  and 
widely  known  as  a  very  able  and  efficient  worker 
in  every  department  of  the  Master's  kingdom, 
especially  in  the  cause  of  missions. 

Periodicals. — See  article  on  Baptist  Litera- 
ture. 

Perkins,  Rev.  Isaac,  a  native  of  Georgia,  re- 
moved to  Arkansas  about  1830,  and  gathered  the 
first  Baptist  church  in  Southwestern  Arkansas. 
He  died  in  Hempstead  County  in  1852.  He  was 
moderator  of  Saline  Association  for  about  twelve 
years. 

Perren,  Rev.  Charles,  the  pastor  of  the  West- 
ern Avenue  Baptist  church,  Chicago,  was  born 
Oct.  22,  1839.  His  conversion  took  place  when  he 
was  fourteen  years  of  age.  Deciding  to  study  for 
the  ministry,  he  entered  the  Canadian  Literary  In- 
stitute, at  Woodstock,  Ontario,  where  he  graduated 
from  the  department  of  Arts,  and  that  of  Theology. 
In  1862  he  was  ordained  at  Vienna,  Ontario.  Sub- 
sequently, upon  passing  the  senior  examination  of 
the  theological  seminary  at  Chicago,  he  received 
the  degree  of  B.D.  in  that  institution.  His  former 
pastorates  have  been  at  Georgetown  and  St.  Cath- 
erine's, Ontario.  He  has  held  his  present  one  in 
Chicago  some  three  years,  enjoying  to  an  unusual 
degree  the  confidence  and  affection  of  the  people 
he  serves. 

Perry,  Hon.  Eli,  was  born  in  Cambridge,  Wash- 
ington Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  25,  1799,  and  died  May  17. 
1881.  In  early  life  he  was  baptized  by  Dr.  Bar- 
tholomew Welsh  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Pearl 
Street  church,  Albany.  He  was  possessed  of  a 
large  mind  and  a  generous    heart.      Christ  was 


PERRY 


9or> 


PERRY 


everything  to  him,  and  to  his  cause  he  consecrated 
his  means  and  his  efforts.  He  was  for  many  years 
the  personal  friend  of  the  strong  men  who  gave  a 
high  character  to  the  Pearl  ^Street  church,  in  the 
Baptist  denomination,  among  whom  were  Judge 
Ira  Harris,  Friend  Humphrey,  and  John  N.  Wilder. 
Possessing  great  force  of  character,  uncommon 
sagacity,  and  irreproachable  integrity,  combined 
with  quiet  simplicity  and  humility,  he  became  an 
eminent  citizen  whom  every  one  delighted  to  honor. 
For  seventeen  years  he  was  mayor  of  Albany,  a 
longer  period  of  service  in  that  office  than  was  ren- 
dered by  any  of  his  predecessors  since  the  incorpo- 
ration of  the  city.  As  a  member  of  the  Legisla- 
ture, and  of  Congress  for  two  successive  terms,  he 
enjoyed  the  confidence  of  the  bodies  in  whose  de- 
liberations he  shared,  and  of  his  constituents.  For 
many  years  he  was  president  of  the  board  of  trus- 
tees of  liis  loved  church,  and  for  some  time  an 
honored  deacon.  For  this  commumty  he  cherished 
a  warm  and  an  abiding  affection.  He  left  $16,000 
to  Emmanuel  church  and  Sunday-school,  and  to 
the  Albany  Baptist  Missionary  Union  and  the 
Kochester  Theological  Seminary,  at  his  death  ;  and 
he  made  provision  in  his  will  that  at  the  decease 
of  his  widow,  after  the  payment  of  several  legacies 
of  $1000  each  to  distant  relatives,  his  entire  estate, 
estimated  to  be  wortli  §400,000,  should  be  divided 
into  five  equal  parts,  and  distributed  as  follows : 
one-fifth  each  to  Rochester  and  Hamilton  Theolog- 
ical Seminaries,  and  one-fifth  each  to  the  Hudson 
River  Baptist  Association  North,  the  American 
Baptist  Missionary  Union,  and  the  American  Bap- 
tist Home  Mission  Society.  In  life,  Mr.  Perry  was 
a  generous  contributor  to  all  denominational  and 
charitable  objects,  and  he  made  arrangements  that 
after  death  his  gifts  should  send  forth  streams  of 
beneficence  for  generations.  Few  men  were  more 
loved  in  life  or  more  lamented  after  death. 

Perry,  Prof.  Herman,  A.M.,  was  born  in  Wy- 
oming, N.  Y.,  Feb.  12,  1^24.  Converted  and  bap- 
tized in  early  youth,  and  having  remarkable  natural 
grace  and  great  persuasive  force  in  addressing  re- 
ligious meetings,  he  Avas  believed  to  be  destined  to 
the  Avork  of  preaching.  With  the  approval  of  the 
church  he  studied  for  the  ministry,  graduated  at 
Madison  University  in  1846,  received  tiie  degree  of 
A.M.  from  Rochester  University  in  1850,  and  com- 
menced to  ]ireach  ;  but  was  compelled  by  his  deli- 
cate health  to  discontinue.  He  took  charge  .suc- 
cessively of  the  academies  at  Ricliburgh,  N.  Y., 
and  Allegan,  Mich.  For  the  sake  of  his  health  he 
removed  to  California  in  1863,  and  established  at 
Sacramento  "  The  Young  Ladies"  Seminary,"'  wliich 
took  rank  among  the  Ijest  educational  institutions 
of  the  State.  He  died  Jan.  18, 1876,  and  iiis  death 
was  felt  to  be  a  great  loss  by  the  Baptists  of  the 
Pacific  coast,  in  whose  educational  and  benevolent 


enterprises  he  had  been  a  wise  counselor  and  gen- 
erous supporter. 

Perry,  Re'V.  Joseph,  was  born  in  Stanhope, 
N.  J.,  in  November,  IJ5O6.  While  yet  a  young 
man  he  was  converted,  and  united  with  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  Newark,  N.  .J.,  Rev.  D.  Dodge, 
pastor. 

Soon  after  his  marriage  he  removed  to  Paterson, 
N.  J.,  and  took  a  most  prominent  part  in  the  great 
Washingtonian  temperance  movement.  Here  he 
was  licensed  to  preach  b}'  the  First  Baptist  cljurcii. 
Afterwards  removing  to  Washington,  D.  C,  he  was 
ordained  as  a  minister  of  the  gospel. 
:  Accepting  an  appointment  as  a  home  missionary, 
he  went  to  Fairfax,  Ya.,  his  circuit  extending  to 
Richmond.  From  this  field  he  removed,  and  took 
charge  of  the  Haverstraw,  N.  Y.,  Baptist  church. 
From  Haverstraw  he  was  called  to  New  Durham, 
N.  J.,  where  he  toiled  with  wonderful  courage  to 
redeem  the  place  from  the  control  of  rum.  After 
a  struggle  such  as  few  men  hffve  encountered,  with 
his  life  almost  constantly  in  danger,  he  overthrew 
the  liquor  power,  and  transformed  the  village  from 
a  state  of  riotous  Sabbath-breaking  to  a  lovely  and 
quiet  abode.  After  building,  by  strenuous  efforts, 
a  beautiful  church,  he  closed  a  pastorate  of  six 
years,  and  removed  to  Manahawkin,  N.  J.,  and 
spent  two  years  of  hard  and  successful  labor  for 
Christ. 

In  1859  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Mariners*  Bap- 
tist Bethel,  of  Philadelphia,  where  for  twenty 
years  he  labored  unceasingly  among  the  sailors  of 
the  merchant  service,  and  among  the  seamen  of  the 
U.  S.  navy  on  the  receiving-ship  at  the  Philadel- 
phia navy-yard.  At  this  port,  through  the  gener- 
osity of  Wm.  Bueknell,  Esq.  (still  living),  John 
P.  Crozer,  Capt.  John  Levy  (both  deceased),  and 
others,  he  built  a  neat  church  for  seamen.  At  last, 
after  baptizing  hundreds  of  sailors,  and  many 
others,  he  was  compelled  by  failing  strength  to 
retire  from  the  active  ministry.  Recovering  his 
health  soon  afterwards,  he  entered  with  renewed 
energy  upon  general  and  heaven-blessed  work  for 
his  divine  Master. 

Two  3'ears  of  happy  unflagging  toil  followed, 
when  a  sudden  and  fatal  attack  of  pneumonia  ended 
his  earthly  work,  and  he  went  to  his  reward  Feb. 
L4,  1881,  closing  a  life  filled  with  most  thrilling 
incidents  and  adorned  with  Christian  graces. 

IMr.  Perry  was  one  of  the  best  men  in  the  Bap- 
tist ministry  in  Pennsylvania. 

Perry,  Rev.  Lewis. — Lewis  Perry,  a  well- 
known  colored  Ba]itist  ]ireacher  of  North  Caro- 
lina, was  born  in  1804,  and  became  the  body- 
servant  of  Dr.  Wiley  Perry,  an  eminent  physician 
of  Franklin  County,  about  1820.  He  became  a 
lover  of  Jesus  at  an  early  age,  and  during  the 
great  revival  which  visited  the  village  of  Lewis- 


PERRY 


907 


PERSECUTION 


burg  in  1830,  he  was  eminently  useful  in  instruct- 
ing and  encouraging  struggling  penitents.  He 
possessed  a  voice  of  great  pathos  and  power,  which 
he  used  with  fine  effect  in  singing  and  prayer,  and 
his  f)reacliing,  especially  when  touching  on  re- 
ligious experience,  was  impressive  in  a  high  degree. 

His  education  was  quite  limited.  By  his  own 
unaided  efforts  he  learned  to  read  and  write,  and 
attained  a  useful  knowledge  of  the  simpler  rules 
of  arithmetic.  He  was  a  close  student  of  the  Bible 
for  many  years,  and  few  men  were  better  acquainted 
with  the  teachings  of  the  Now  Testament. 

This  good  man  had  secretly  acquired  from  his 
master's  hooks,  and  a  close  study  of  his  practice,  a 
very  respectable  knowledge  of  medicine  ;  and  such 
was  the  esteem  in  which  ho  was  held  by  the  peo- 
ple, and  the  confidence  of  his  master  in  his  judg- 
ment, that  when  Dr.  Perry  had  become  quite  old, 
he  would  frequently  send  Lewis  to  see  his  patients, 
especially  when  called  out  at  night.  Indeed,  the 
old  Baptist  preacher  was  familiarly  known  all  over 
the  county  as  "  Doctor  Perry"  ;  and  so  much  es- 
teemed was  he  as  a  phj'sician  and  a  nurse  that  a 
young  man  of  his  native  county  left  him  a  legacy 
of  a  thousand  dollars  for  his  attention  to  him  during 
his  last  illness. 

He  died  at  the  age  of  fifty-eight,  and  the  respect 
in  which  he  was  held  was  manifested  by  the  very 
large  number  of  persons  of  all  classes  who  attended 
his  funeral  services. 

Perry,  Rev.  Rufus  L.,  was  born  a  slave  in  Smith 
Co.,  Tenn.,  March  11,  1834.  He  learned  to  read 
and  write  in  early  life,  which  inspired  him  with 
an  irrepressible  abhorrence  of  slavery,  and  he  ran 
away  to  Canada  in  August,  1S52.  He  went  to 
Windsor,  opposite  Detroit,  and  by  hard  study  soon 
became  a  schoolmaster  among  the  large  body  of 
fugitives  who  had  escaped  from  slavery. 

He  was  hopefully  converted  in  1854,  prepared 
for  the  ministry  at  Kalamazoo  Theological  Semi- 
nary with  the  class  of  1861,  and  was  ordained  as 
pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  of  Ann  Arbor, 
Oct.  9,  1861,  by  a  council,  of  which  llev.  Samuel 
Cornelius  was  moderator,  and  Prof.  James  R.  Boise 
clerk.  He  afterwards  served  as  pastor  at  St.  Cath- 
arines, Ontario,  and  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  In  18G5  he 
entered  upon  a  general  missionary  and  educational 
work  among  the  freeJmon,  and  has,  until  the  pres- 
ent, labored  for  the  education,  evangelization;  and 
general  elevation  of  his  race,  serving  as  super- 
intendent of  schools  for  freedmen,  as  editor  of  the 
-Sttn/^cam,  co-ordinate  editor  of  the  American  Bap- 
tist, editor  of  the  People's  Journal,  and  editor  and 
publisher  of  the  National  Monitor.  He  was  for 
ten  years  corresponding  secretary  of  the  consoli- 
dated American  Baptist  Missionary  Convention, 
and  he  is  at  present  corresponding  secretary  of  the 
American  Educational  Association  and  of  the  Amer- 


ican Baptist  Free  Mission  Society,  and  editor  of  the 
National  Monitor,  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Ferryman,  Rev.  Elisha,  one  of  the  most  use- 
ful pioneer  ])reachers  of  the  Georgia  Baptists,  was 
born  in  Halifax  Co.,  Va.,  Feb.  C),  176'J,  of  Welsh 
ancestors,  all  of  whom,  on  both  sides,  as  far  back 
as  known,  were  stanch  Baptists.  His  father  com- 
n)anded  a  company,  raised  by  himself,  in  the  Rev- 
olutionary war,  and,  besides  other  engagements, 
was  present  at  the  battle  of  Guilford  Court-IIouse. 
Cornwallis's  army,  and  especially  Tarleton's  troop- 
ers, in  their  ravages,  so  completely  destroyed  his 
property,  when  encamped  within  six  miles  of  his 
house,  that  he  removed  to  Georgia  with  his  family, 
and  settled  on  Big  Kiokee  Creek,  twenty-two  miles 
from  Augusta.  Here  Elisha  Perrynuin,  after  much 
mental  distress,  was  gloriously  converted  in  May, 
1799.  On  the  third  Sabbath  in  August,  1801,  he 
was  baptized  by  Abraham  Marshall,  and  joined 
Kiokee  church.  Gradually  the  conviction  that  it 
was  his  duty  to  preach  grew  upon  him.  lie 
studied  by  firelight  at  night ;  and  he  made  it  a 
point  to  accompany  Jesse  Mercer  and  Abraham 
Marshall  to  their  appointments,  in  order  to  learn 
the  doctrines  of  Christianity.  lie  gave  himself  en- 
tirely to  the  work  of  an  evangelist,  confining  him- 
self to  no  one  section  of  the  country,  but  going 
wherever  destitution  abounded.  In  January,  1810, 
he  removed  to  Warner  County,  and  often  would 
make  preaching  tours  afterwards  through  Mont- 
gomery, Emanuel,  Tatnall,  and  Bullock  Counties, 
and,  at  other  times,  would  make  tours  through 
Richmond,  Burke,  Jefferson,  and  Severn  Counties. 
Again,  he  would  sally  forth  among  the  northern 
counties,  and  even  sometimes  into  South  Carolina, 
traveling  up  and  down  the  Savannah  River.  It 
was  thus  that,  the  Baptist  pioneer  preachers  of 
Georgia  established  their  principles  in  the  State. 

The  Lord  blessed  him  with  a  strong  constitution, 
and,  though  he  died  Dec.  1,  1857,  in  his  eighty- 
ninth  year,  he  continued  to  preach  with  vivacity 
and  vigor  to  the  last,  calling  upon  sinners  to  flee 
from  the  wrath  to  come. 

Persecution  of  Baptists  in  America. — -John 

Waller,  Lewis  Craig,  and  James  Childs,  three  Bap- 
tist ministers,  were  arrested  in  Spottsylvania  Co., 
Va.,  "  for  preaching  the  gospel  contrary  to  law," 
and  while  in  prison  they  proclaimed  the  good  news 
to  listening  throngs  through  the  doors  and  windows 
of  the  jail.  In  Middlesex  and  Caroline  Counties, 
Va.,  many  Baptist  ministers  were  imprisoned  for 
preaching ;  they  were  subjected  to  the  treatment 
of  common  felons,  and  if  possible  to  worse  indig- 
nities. William  Webber  and  Joseph  Anthony  were 
imprisoned  in  Chesterfield  Co.,  Va.,  for  telling  the 
story  of  the  Cross.  James  Ireland  suffered  impris- 
onment in  Virginia,  and  illegal  and  wicked  efforts 
were  made  to  kill  him  in  jail  because  he  was  a 


PERSECUTION 


908 


PERSEVERANCE 


herald  of  Calvary.  To  keep  the  people  from  liear- 
ing  the  imprisoned  preachers,  walls  were  sometimes 
built  around  the  jails  in  which  they  were  confined, 
and  half-drunken  outcasts  wei>e  hired  to  beat  drums 
to  drown  their  voices.  When  out  of  prison  in  the 
Old  Dominion  they  were  mobbed ;  while  immersing 
converts  men  on  horseback  would  ride  into  the 
water  to  create  a  disturbance.  They  were  often 
interrupted  in  their  discourses  and  insulted,  but 
they  despised  the  jail,  the  lash,  and  the  malicious 
jeers.  When  hunted  like  wild  beasts,  and  de- 
nounced as  wolves  in  sheep's  clothing,  they  meekly 
replied,  "  That  if  they  were  wolves  and  their  per- 
secutors the  true  sheep,  it  was  unaccountable  that 
they  should  treat  them  with  such  cruelty ;  that 
wolves  would  destroy  sheep,  but  that  it  was  never 
known  till  then  that  sheep  would  prey  upon 
wolves."  (Semple's  History  of  Virginia  Baptists, 
p.  21.) 

In  New  England,  outside  of  Rhode  Island,  our 
brethren  were  frequently  arrested  for  not  paying- 
taxes  to  support  the  Congregational  clergy.  Women, 
too,  had  their  rights  recognized,  and  they  were  ar- 
rested and  robbed  to  support  the  ministers  of  their 
neighbors.  The  sacred  tax-gatherers  took  from 
the  Baptists  "  pewter  dishes,  skillets,  kettles,  pots 
and  warming-pans,  workmen's  tools,  and  spinning- 
wheels  :  they  drove  away  geese  and  swine  and 
cows,  and  when  there  was  but  one  it  was  not 
spai-ed.  A  brother  receotly  ordained  returned  to 
Sturbridge,  Mass.,  for  his  family,  when  he  was 
thrust  into  prison  and  kept  during  the  cold  winter, 
till  some  one  paid  hisine  and  secured  his  release. 
Mr.  D.  Fisk  was  robbed  at  Sturbridge  of  five  pew- 
ter plates  and  a  cow,  J.  Perry  of  the  baby's  cradle 
and  a  steer,  J.  Blunt  of  andirons,  shovel,  and  tongs, 
and  A.  Bloice,  H.  Fisk,  John  Streeter,  Benjamin 
Bobbins,  Phenehas  Collier,  John  Newel,  Josiah 
Perry,  Nathaniel  Smith,  John  Corry,  and  J.  Bar- 
stow  of  spinning-wheels,  household  goods,  cows, 
and  of  their  liberty  for  a  season."  (Backus's 
Church  History,  ii.  94,  95.  'Newton.)  Sturbridge 
■was  but  a  specimen  of  what  was  taking  place  all 
over  New  England,  and  of  the  love  cherished  for 
our  Baptist  fathers  by  men  who  only  differed  from 
them  about  baptism.  Early  the  persecution  of 
Baptists  was  commenced  in  New  England  ;  Koger 
Williams  was  compelled  to  fly  from  Salem  to  escape 
illegal  violence  in  1635  ;  the  meeting-house  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Boston,  in  1077,  was  closed 
by  order  of  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts,  and 
after  a  little,  when  they  ventured  to  use  it  again, 
the  doors  wore  nailed  up  and  a  paper  fastened  on 
them,  which  read,  "  All  persons  are  to  take  notice 
that  by  order  of  the  court  the  doors  of  this  house 
are  shut  up,  and  that  they  arc  prohibited  from 
holding  any  meeting  therein  or  to  open  the  doors 
thereof  without  license  from  authority  till  the  Gen- 


eral Court  take  further  order,  as  they  will  answer 
the  contrary  at  their  peril."  (Hildretirs  History 
of  the  United  States,  i.  497-499.     New  York.) 

The  town  of  Ashfield,  Mass.,  was  settled  by  Bap- 
tists, and  when  it  had  a  few  Congregational  families 
in  it  they  built  a  church,  called  a  minister,  and  then 
laid  a  tax  upon  the  land  to  meet  the  cost  of  the  one 
and  the  support  of  the  other.  The  Baptists  refused 
to  pay  the  church  bills  of' their  Puritan  neighbors, 
and  immediately  the  best  portion  of  the  cultivated 
land  in  the  town  was  seized  and  sold  for  tvifling 
sums  to  pay  their  iniquitous  dues.  The  house  and 
garden  of  one'  man  -were  taken  from  him,  and  the 
young  orchards,  the  meadows,  and  the  cornfields 
of  others.  The  grave-yard  of  the  Baptists  was  ac- 
tually sold  to  liquidate  the  debts  of  a  church  with 
which  they  had  nothing  to  do,  and  to  support  a 
minister  with  whom  they  did  not  intend  to  wor- 
ship. These  properties  were  sold  in  1770  for 
£35.10,  and  they  were  worth  £363.8.  The  Con- 
gregational minister  was  one  of  the  purchasers. 
This  was  but  the  first  payment,  and  two  others 
were  to  follow.  (Minutes  of  the  Philadelphia  Bap- 
tist Association  for  1770,  p.  160.)  Such  were  some 
of  the  countless  wrongs  which  our  fathers  suffered 
even  in  this  land. 

Perseverance,  Final. — The  Saviour  is  the 
Shepherd  of  his  believing  flock.  He  says,  •'  The 
hireling  iieeth,  be&use  he  is  a  hireling,  and  careth 
not  for  the  sheep.  I  am  the  good  shepherd,  and 
know  my  sheep,  and  am  known  of  mine." — John  x. 
13,14.  Peter,  speaking  of  Jesus,  says,  "  For  ye  were 
as  sheep  going  astray ;  but  are  now  returned  unto 
the  Shepherd  and  Bishop  of  your  souls." — First 
Epistle  ii.  25.  Christ  will  never  leave  nor  forsake 
his  flock.  Besides,  "  He  that  keepeth  Israel  shall 
not  slumber  nor  sleep.  The  Lord  is  thy  keeper." 
—Psalm  csxi.  4.  Now,  as  the  Saviour  is  the  shep- 
herd of  his  .flock,  as  he  knows  every  one  of  them, 
is  always  with  them,  and  never  slumbers,  he  can 
never  lose  a  sheep.  David  risked  his  life  when  a 
mere  stripling  in  killing  a  lion  and  a  bear  to  pro- 
tect his  flock,  and  is  there  any  likelihood  that  the 
omnipotent  Master  of  heaven  will  be  a  poorer 
shepherd  than  David,  and  suffer  the  old  lion  of  the 
pit  to  rob  his  flock  ? 

'■  His  honor  is  engaged  to  save 
■*  The  me.inest  of  his  sliecp; 

All  that  liis  heavenly  Father  gave 
His  hands  securely  keep." 

Christ  never  changes.  He  knows  everything  in 
the  most  hidden  recesses  of  the  pit,  in  the  secret 
parts  of  Satan's  heart,  in  the  lurking-places  of 
earth,  and  in  the  concealed  quarters  of  heaven, 
lie  has  a  perfect  knowledge  of  the  past  and  the 
present;  and  the  entire  future  lies  bare  before 
him.  "  All  things  are  naked  and  opened  unto  the 
eyes  of  him  with  whom  we  have  to  do."     He  is 


PERSEVERANCE 


909 


PERSE  VERANCE 


without  any  motive  to  change,  and  change  witli 
him  is  iinpossible,  unless,  indeed,  some  human 
weakness  should  overtake  the  intellect  that  has 
planned  and  executed  the  creation.  He  commands 
Philip  to  join  the  eunuch's  chariot  and  preach  to 
liim  ;  the  evangelist  obeys,  and  soon  the  traveler 
believes  and  is  baptized.  Now,  why  does  the  Spirit 
liegiii  this  work  if  it  is  ever  to  ho  abandoned? 
(Jould  it  agree  with  Christ's  wisdom  and  purposes 
of  love  to  begin  a  temple  of  salvation  in  the  soul 
which  Satan  was  soon  to  pull  down  and  destroy? 
He  takes  the  same  interest  in  every  believer  which 
he  showed  in  the  eunuch  ;  and  as  lie  is  the  Father 
of  liglits,  witliout  variableness  or  the  shadow  of 
turning,  the  work  of  grace  will  be  carried  on  in 
every  soul  till  the  man  reaches  the  heavenly  rest. 

The  love  of  Christ  is  fixed  upon  each  one  whom 
his  Spirit  calls  to  repentance.  This  is  the  only 
reason  for  the  regeneration  of  a  single  human  being. 
This  love  was  born  in  Christ  in  the  distant  morn- 
ing of  a  past  eternity  ;  it  led  to  the  election  of 
each  believer  from  everlasting,  as  Paul  says,  "  Ac- 
cording as  he  hath  chosen  us  in  him  before  the 
foundation  of  the  world,  that  we  should  be  holy 
and  without  blame  before  iiim  in  love."  —  Eph.  i.  4. 
What  Jehovah  declared  in  ancient  times  about 
Israel  is  true  of  all  the  spiritual  Israel  to-day, 
"  Yea,  I  have  loved  thee  with  an  everlasting  love, 
therefore  with  loving-kindness  have  I  drawn  thee." 
— Jer.  xxxi.  3.  As  Paul  says,  "  But  God,  who  is 
rich  in  mercy,  for  his  great  love  wherewith  he 
hath  loved  us,  even  when  we  were  dead  in  sins, 
hath  quickened  (made  alive)  us  together  with 
Christ."— Eph.  ii.  4,  5.  The  love  that  gave  Jesus 
for  us  is  God's,  the  love  that  made  us  alive  as  be- 
lievers when  we  were  dead  in  sins  is  Christ's,  will 
that  love  ever  give  up  one  soul  which  it  cherished 
in  its  everlasting  regards?  Will  the  Saviour  per- 
mit one  chosen  and  eternally  loved  friend  to  drop 
out  of  his  heart  into  the  abyss?  Who  shall  sep- 
arate us  from  the  love  of  Christ?  Shall  tribu- 
lation, or  distress,  or  persecution,  or  famine,  or 
nakedness,  or  peril,  or  sword?  Nay,  in  all  these 
tilings  we  are  more  than  conquerors  through  him 
that  loved  us.  For  I  am  persuaded  that  neither 
death,  nor  life,  nor  angels,  nor  principalities,  nor 
powers,  nor  things  present,  nor  things  to  come,  nor 
height,  nor  depth,  nor  any  other  creature  (creation) 
shall  be  able  to  separate  us  from  the  love  of  God, 
which  is  in  Christ  Jesus  our  Lord.  Nothing  created 
can  separate  the  saint  from  his  Saviour's  love,  nor 
siiall  the  Uncreated  One. 

The  believer  in  his  second  birth  is  made  a  new 
creature,  he  receives  a  new  heart  with  new  tastes, 
and  while  his  old  love  of  sin,  not  wholly  subdued, 
may  for  a  time,  through  the  arts  of  the  tempter, 
lead  him  from  God,  yet  he  cannot  remain  in  sin, 
he  will  one  day  become  dissatisfied  with  its  husks, 


and  feel  the'  famishing  pangs  of  spiritual  starva- 
tion; and  ho  will  hunger  for  i\w.  soul-bread,  which 
abounds  in  the  house  of  his  Saviour-Father;  and 
will  arise  and  go  to  his  Father.  The  carrier- 
pigeon  taken  five  or  six  hundred  miles  from  its 
home  and  set  at  liberty,  immediately  and  swiftly 
returns ;  and  so  a  soul,  born  from  above,  will 
surely  awake  to  its  wants  and  dangers,  anil  nothing 
out  of  heaven  can  keep  it  from  the  throne  of  grtace, 
and  no  one  in  the  skies  shall  cast  it  out. 

Gods  Word  speaks  of  the  eternally  e^iduring  life 
given  in  conversion.  In  Ilom.  viii.  29,  30,  we 
read,  "  Whom  he  did  foreknow,  he  also  did  pre- 
destinate to  be  conformed  to  the  image  of  his  Son, 
that  he  might  be  tlic  tirst-b(>rn  among  many  breth- 
ren. Moreover,  whom  he  did  predestinate,  them  he 
also  called :  and  whom  ho  called,  them  he  also 
justified  :  and  whom  he  justified,  them  he  also 
glorified."  According  to  this  inspired  statement 
every  soul  whom  God  calls  to  repentance  shall  be 
glorified  in  heaven.  The  Saviour  generally  con- 
nects faith  in  himself  with  everlasting  life  :  "My 
sheep  hear  my  voice,  and  I  know  them,  and  they 
follow  me  :  and  I  give  unto  them  eternal  life  ;  and 
they  shall  never  perish,  neither  shall  any  pluck 
them  out  of  my  hand.  My  Father,  who  gave  them 
to  me,  is  greater  than  all  ;  and  none  is  able  to  pluck 
them  out  of  my  Father's  iiand." — John  x.  27,  28. 
"  None,"  neither  the  believer  himself,  nor  any  one 
else,  shall  tear  a  redeemed  soul  from  the  protecting 
hand  of  the  great  Redeemer's  Father. 

Several  Scriptures  are  supposed  to  contradict  the 
passage  just  quoted,  and  others  of  kindred  meaning, 
one  of  which  will  fully  represent  the  others.  It  is, 
"For  if  we  sin  willfully  after  that  we  have  re- 
ceived the  knowledge  of  the  truth,  there  remaineth 
no  more  sacrifice  for  sins,  but  a  certain  fearful 
looking  for  of  judgment  and  fiery  indignation, 
which  shall  devour  the  adversaries." — Ileb.  x.  25, 
27.  That  these  words  threaten  eternal  death  to 
believers  who  sin  willfully  there  is  no  doubt ;  but 
they  do  not  declare  that  any  one  ever  did  sin  will- 
fully, or  that  any  one  ever  shall.  They  simply 
warn  the  children  of  God  of  the  dreadful  results  of 
such  a  crime,  with  a  view  to  protect  them  from  it ; 
and  this  warning  and  others  like  it  show  that  the 
good  Shepherd  will  use  every  effort  to  keep  his 
word,  in  which  he  declares  that  he  gives  them  eter- 
nal life,  and  they  shall  never  perish.  Paul,  in  the 
ocean-storm,  received  the  assurance  from  God  that 
there  would  be  no  loss  of  any  man's  life,  but  of  the 
ship.  But  when  near  the  shore  the  sailors  were 
deserting,  he  said  to  the  soldiers,  "  Except  these 
abide  in  the  ship  ye  cannot  be  saved."  Paul  in  this 
declaration  did  not  contradict  his  favorable  predic- 
tion, he  was  taking  steps  to  have  it  fulfilled;  and 
every  warning  like  Paul's  in  Hebrews  x.  26,  27,  is 
but  putting  forth  efforts  to  make  the  saints  per- 


PETO 


910 


■PETR  OBR  USIA  KS 


severe,  and  to  prove  the  truth  of  Paul's  assurance  in 
Philippians  i.  6,  "  Being  confident  of  this  very  thing, 
that  he  who  hath  begun  a  good  vrork  in  you  will 
perform  it,  will  complete  it  {imreTJaei),  until  the  day 
of  Jesus  Christ."  The  Saviour  never  began  the 
needless  work  of  saving  a  man  in  part;  there  is  no 
sinner  once  truly  converted  among  the  myriads  of 
the  lost.  Every  elect  soul  is  regenerated,  and  every 
man  whom  the  Spirit  calls  will  he  glorified. 

Peto,  Sir  Samuel  Morton,  Baronet,  was  born 

at  Woking,  England,  on  Aug.  4,  1809.     He  served 


SIR  SAMUEL  MORTON  PETO,  BAROXET. 

an  apprenticeship  of  seven  years  with  his  uncle,  a 
builder  engaged  in  extensive  operations,  at  whose 
death,  in  1830,  he  succeeded  to  a  moiety  of  the  busi- 
ness. His  firm  took  part  in  the  great  work  of  erect- 
ing the  new  Houses  of  Parliament  at  AVestminster, 
and  other  important  undertakings.  On  the  disso- 
lution of  his  partnership,  in  1845,  Mr.  Peto  en- 
gaged extensively  in  railroad-building  in  England 
and  other  countries.  In  some  of  these  enterprises 
he  was  associated  with  the  eminent  railroad-builder 
Thomas  Brassey.  Towards  the  close  of  the  Crimean 
war,  ho  undertook,  without  prospect  of  profit,  the 
construction  of  a  railway  from  the  harbor  of  Bala- 
klava  to  the  British  camp  before  Sebastopol,  and 
mostexpeditiously  accomplished  this  valuable  work, 
thereby  facilitating  the  military  operations  and  re- 
lieving the  hardships  of  the  soldiers.  In  a]iprecia- 
tion  of  this  patriotic  service  he  was  made  a  baronet 
of  the  United  Kingdom,  by  a  royal  ]iatent  dated 
Feb.  22,  1855.  His  conspicuous  ability  as  a  man 
of  business  had  been  recognized  some  years  earlier 


by  the  citizens  of  Xorwich,  who  elected  him  to 
Parliament  in  1847,  and  also  in  1852.  He  was 
one  of  the  members  for  the  metropolitan  borough 
of  Finsbury  from  1859  to  1865,  and  in  the  latter 
year  was  elected  for  Bristol,  which  seat  he  held 
until  the  bankruptcy  of  his  firm  in  the  financial 
troubles  of  18G6-67.  Sir  S.  ^lorton  Peto  joined 
the  Baptist  church  at  Sf.  Mary's,  Norwich,  during 
the  pastorate  of  the  Rev.  AVilliam  Brock,  and  soon 
won  a  distinguished  name  in  the  Baptist  body. 
On  the  death  of  W.  B.  Gurney,  Esq.,  he  was  chosen 
treasurer  of  the  Missionary  Society,  and  by  his  zeal 
and  munificence  gave  a  great  impetus  to  the  mis- 
sionary cause.  Feeling  the  need  of  an  enlarge- 
ment of  denominational  efibrt  in  the  metropolis,  he 
built  Bloomsbury  Chapel  at  his  own  cost,  and 
united  with  the  churcii  which  Dr.  Brock  gathered 
there  in  1848.  lie  also  purchased  the  building 
known  as  the  Diorama,  in  Regent's  Park,  and, 
having  converted  it  into  a  commodious  and  ele- 
gant place  of  worship,  induced  the  Rev.  Dr.  Lan- 
dels  to  become  the  minister  of  the  church  after- 
wards formed  there.  Both  these  enterprises  soon 
became  prosperous,  and  the  rapid  growth  of  the 
Baptists  in  London  and  the  neighborhood  during 
the  last  twenty-five  yeai-s  is  largely  due  to  the  lib- 
erality and  energy  of  Sir  Morton  Peto.  He  was 
one  of  the  first  to  discern  the  remarkable  gifts  of 
Mr.  Spurgeon,  and  gave  largely  towards  the  erec- 
tion of  the  Metropolitan  Tabernacle.  Regent's 
Park  College  and  other  Baptist  institutions  of 
learning  shared  in  his  generous  regards,  and  he 
has  latterly  taken  a  deep  interest  in  promoting  the 
efiiciency  of  the  schemes  of  the  Baptist  Union  for  a 
suitable  provision  for  aged  and  infirm  ministers. 
AVliilst  in  Parliament,  Sir  Morton  Peto  was  recog- 
nized as  a  leader  of  the  Nonconformists,  and  was 
held  in  high  esteem  by  all  parties  for  his  fidelitj'  to 
jjis  principles  and  his  unfailing  courtesy  of  l)e- 
havior.  He  published  in  1863  a  book  on  "  Taxa- 
tion, its  Levy  and  Expenditure,"  and  in  1S6C  "  Re- 
sources and  Prospects  of  America,"  the  fruit  of  a 
sojourn  of  several  weeks  in  this  countrj'. 

Petrobrusians,  The. — Peter  dc  Bruys  was  the 
Catholic  priest  of  an  obscure  parish  in  France, 
which  he  left,  early  in  the  twelfth  century,  when 
ho  became  a  preacher  of  the  gospel.  How  he  un- 
learned the  gospel  of  the  Seven  Hills  and  was  in- 
structed in  that  of  Calvary  we  cannot  toll,  but 
ho  was  educated  in  botli  directions.  JIany  Roman- 
ists, like  Staupitz  or  Fenelon,  have  received  the 
saving  knowledge  of  Jesus  and  retained  their  con- 
nection with  the  papal  church  ;  but  Peter  abhorred 
popery. 

He  taught  that  l)aptism  was  of  no  advantage  to 
infants,  .and  that  only  lielicvors  should  receive  it, 
and  he  gave  a  new  baptism  to  all  his  converts ;  he 
condemned  the  use  of  churches  and  altars,  no  doubt 


FIFTH    BAPTIST    CHURCH,    FIULADELI'HI A,    I'A. 


PETROBRUSIANS 


912 


PETJiOBRUSIANS 


for  the  idolatry  practised  in  them  ;  he  denied  that 
the  body  and  blood  of  Christ  are  to  be  found  in  the 
bread  and  wine  of  the  Supper,  and  he  taught  that 
the  elements  on  the  Lord's  table  are  but  signs  of 
Christ's  flesh. and  blood;  he  asserted  that  the  offer- 
ings, prayers,  and  good  works  of  the  living  could 
not  profit  the  dead,  that  their  state  was  fixed  for 
eternity  the  moment  they  left  the  earth;  like  the 
English  Baptists  of  the  seventeenth  century,  and 
like  the  Quakers  of  our  day,  he  believed  that  it  was 
wrong  to  sing  the  praises  of  God  in  worship;  and 
he  rejected  the  adoration  of  crosses,  and  destroyed 
them  wherever  he  found  them. 

It  is  said  that  on  a  Good-Friday  the  Petrobru- 
sians  once  gathered  a  great  multitude  of  their 
brethren,  who  brought  with  them  all  the  crosses 
they  could  find,  and  that  they  made  a  large  fire  of 
them,  on  which  they  cooked  meat,  and  gave  it  to 
the  vast  assemblage.  This  is  told  as  an  illustration 
of  their  blasphemous  pi'ofanity.  Their  crucifixes, 
and  along  with  them  probably  the  images  of  the 
saints,  were  the  idols  they  had  been  taught  to  wor- 
ship, and  when  their  eyes  were  opened  they  de- 
stroyed them,  just  as  the  converted  heathen  will 
now  destroy  their  false'  gods.  Hezekiah  did  a  good 
thing  in  destroying  the  serpent  of  brass,  which  in 
the  wilderness  had  miraculous  powers  of  healing, 
when  the  Israelites  began  to  worship  it  as  a  god. 

Peter's  preaching -was  with  great  power;  his 
words  and  his  influence  swept  over  great  masses 
of  men,  bending  their  hearts  and  intellects  before 
their  resistless  might.  "  In  Provence,"  says  Du 
Pin,  "  there  was  nothing  else  to  be  seen  but  Chris- 
tians rebaptized,  churches  profaned  or  destroyed, 
altars  pulled  down,  and  crosses  burned.  The  laws 
of  the  church  were  publicly  violated,  the  priests 
beaten,  abused,  and  forced  to  marry,  and  all  the 
most  sacred  ceremonies  of  the  church  abolished." 

Peter  de  Bruys  commenced  his  ministry  about 
1125,  and  such  was  his,  success  that  in  a  few  years 
in  the  places  about  the  mouth  of  the  Rhone,  in  the 
plain  country  about  Thoulouse,  and  particularly 
in  that  city  itself,  and  in  many  parts  of  "  the  prov- 
ince of  Gascoigne"  he  led  great  throngs  of  men 
and  women  to  Jesus,  and  overthrew  the  entire  au- 
thority of  popes,  bishops,  and  priests. 

Had  the  life  of  this  illustrious  man  been  spared 
the  Reformation  probably  would  have  occurred 
four  hundred  years  earlier  under  Peter  de  Bruys 
instead  of  Martin  Luther,  and  the  Protestant  nations 
of  the  earth  would  not  only  have  had  a  deliverance 
from  .four  centuries  of  priestly  profligacy  and  wide- 
spread soul  destruction,  but  they  would  liave  en- 
tered upon  a  godly  life  with  a  far  more  Scriptural 
creed  than  grand  old  Luther,  still  in  a  considerable 
measure  wedded  to  Romish  sacramentalism,  was 
fitted  to  give  them. 

Peter  and  his  followers  were  decided  Baptists, 


and  like  ourselves  they  gave  a  fresh  baptism  to  all 
their  converts.  They  reckoned  that  they  were  not  be- 
lievers when  first  immersed  in  the  Catholic  Church, 
and  that  as  Scripture  baptism  required  faith  in  its 
candidates,  which  thej'  did  not  possess,  they  re- 
garded them  as  wholly  unbaptized ;  and  for  the 
same  reason  they  repudiated  the  idea  that  they  re- 
baptized  them,  confidently  asserting  that  because 
of  the  lack  of  faith  they  had  never  been  baptized. 

Peter  the  Venerable,  abbot  of  Cluny,  was  born 
in  109.3,  and  died  in  1157.  He  was  distinguished* 
by  scholarship,  acuteness  of  mind,  and  Biblical 
knowledge.  He  and  St.  Bernard  were  the  two 
leading  ecclesiastics  of  France.  Peter  would  re- 
buke a  pope  if  he  deserved  it  Avithout  hesitation, 
and  no  other  human  being  was  above  his  authority. 
The  abbot  had  assailed  the  Jews  and  the  Saracens 
in  two  distinct  works.  And  such  was  the  extraor- 
dinary success  of  the  Petrobrusians,  and  the  great 
diflBculty  of  refuting  their  arguments  from  the 
Scriptures,  that  Peter  felt  comj^elled  to  come  forth 
and  defend  the  deserted  ecclesiastics  and  the  church 
^threatened  with  ruin.  We  shall  quote  somewhat 
freely  from  the  abbot  to  show  the  doctrines  of  these 
grand  old  Baptists.  At  the  beginning  of  his  pam- 
phlet he  states  the  five  heads  of  the  heresy  of  the 
Petrobrusians. 

In  the  first  he  accuses  them  of  "  denying  that 
little  children  under  years  of  responsibility  can  be 
saved  by  the  baptism  of  Christ ;  and  that  the  faith 
of  another  (alienam  fidem,  the  faith  demanded  from 
popish  sponsors  when  a  child  was  christened)  could 
benefit  those  who  were  unable  to  exercise  their 
own  (faith)  ;  because,  according  to  them,  not  an- 
other's faith,  but  personal  faith,  saves  with  bap- 
tism, the  Lord  sa3'ing,  '  He  who  shall  believe,  and 
be  baptized,  shall  be  saved,  but  he  that  believeth 
not  shall  be  condemned.' ''  This  is  the  abbot's 
first  and  heaviest  charge  against  these  ancient 
Baptists.  This  accusation  means  that  the  Petro- 
brusians refused  to  baptize  children  because  they 
were  destitute  of  fiiith.  The  charge  is  repeated 
frequently  by  the  abbot  of  Cluny. 

"  The  second  capitulum  says  that  temples  or 
churches  should  not  be  built,  and  that  those  exist- 
ing should  be  torn  down  ;  that  sacred  places  for 
praying  were  unnecessary  for  Christians,  since  God 
when  addressed  in  supplication  heard  equally  those 
wh'o  in  a  warehouse  and  in  a  church  deserved  his 
attention,  in  a  market-place  and  in  a  temple,  before 
an  altar  or  before  a  stable.''  By  this  we  under- 
stand that  the  Petrobrusians  did  not  believe  in  the 
sanctity  of  bricks  and  mortar,  and  probably  thought 
that  as  Romish  churches  were  nests  of  idols  and 
scenes  of  blasphemous  superstition,  their  destruc- 
tion would  be  no  crime, 

"  The  third  caplfulum  requires  holy  crosses  to  be 
broken  and  burned,  because  that  frame,  or  instru- 


PETROBRUSLANS 


913 


PETROBRUSIANS 


ment,  on  which  Christ,  so  fiercely  tortured,  was  so 
cruelly  slain,  is  not  worthy  of  adoration,  or  vener- 
ation, or  of  any  supjilication  ;  but  to  avenge  his 
torments  and  death,  it  should  be  branded  with  dis- 
grace, hacked  to  pieces  with  the  sword,  and  con- 
sumed in  the  flames."  The  Petrol)rusians  detested 
the  worship  of  the  crucifix,  and  prayers  oflorcil  to 
it,  and,  like  the  Scotch  Covenanters,  they  urged  its 
destruction  as  a  Christ-dishonoring  idol. 

"  The  fourth  capitulum  denied  not  only  the  real- 
ity of  the  body  and  blood  of  the  Lord,  as  offered 
daily  and  constantly  in  the  sacrament  (Eucharist) 
in  the  church  ;  but  judged  that  it  was  al)soluteIy 
nothing,  and  should  not  be  offered  to  God."  In 
this  opinion  all  Protestants  concur. 

"The  fifth  capitulum  holds  up  to  ridicule  sacri- 
fices, pr<ayers,  charitable  gifts,  and  the  other  good 
works  performed  by  the  faithful  living  for  the 
faithful  departed."  Peter  then  states  that  he  had 
atiswered  ''  these  five  heads,"  or  heresies,  "as  God 
had  enabled  him."  He  might  have  added  a  si.xth 
capitulum,  that  the  Petrobrusians  wanted  Scripture 
for  everything  and  not  the  sayings  of  the 'fathers. 
This  is  admitted  in  his  discussion  of  their  errors. 
The  creed  given  by  Peter  to  these  Baptists  is  excel- 
lent as  far  as  it  goes.  It  is  the  faith  of  their 
brethren  to-day.  The  abbot  then  proceeds  to  refute 
these  imaginary  heresies  separately.  And  under 
the  heading,  "  Answer  to  the  Saying  of  the  Here- 
tics that  Little  Children  should  not  be  Baptized 
(Responsio  contra  idquoddicunt  hiBretici  parvulos 
non  posse  baptizari)  he  commences  his  attack  on 
the  first  capitulum.  Peter  assumes  without  evi- 
dence that  the  Petrobrusians  believed  that  baptism 
was  essential  to  salvation ;  and  he  takes  up  their 
declaration  that  faith  was  necessary  to  baptism,  and 
that  not  the  faith  of  another  but  the  faith  of  the 
subject  of  baptism,  and  then  he  proceeds  with  great 
ingenuity  to  show  how  the  faith  of  others  "  saved" 
persons,  as  he  says,  in  the  Saviour's  day.  Among 
the  cases  which  he  brings  forward  is  that  of  the 
paralytic  let  down  through  the  roof  of  the  house 
to  the  Saviour  who  was  inside,  and  Peter  quotes 
the  gospel  narrative.  "  And  when  he  (Jesus)  saw 
their  faith  he  said,  Thy  sins  are  forgiven."'  .  .  . 
Peter  then  says,  "  What  do  you  say  to  these 
things'?  Behold,  I  relate  this  not  from  Augustine 
(the  godfather  of  infant  baptism,  whose  arguments 
have  been  its  defensive  weapons  for  ages,  and  were 
very  useful  to  the  abbot)  but  from  the  Evangel, 
which  you  say  you  trust  most  of  all.  At  length 
either  concede  that  some  can  be  saved  by  the  faith 
of  others  (aliorum  fide  alios  tandem  posse  salvari 
concedite),  or  deny  if  you  can  that  the  cases  I 
brought  forward  are  from  the  Evangel."  This  and 
several  similar  instances  of  healing  in  the  New 
Testament  where  the  faith  of  another  exercised  an 
influence  in  securing  healing,  make  the  abbot  jutji- 


lant  over  the  Petrobrusians.  But  the  paralyzed 
man  had  faith  himself,  as  well  as  those  who  brought 
him  to  Jesus. 

This  theory  is  probably  borrowed  entirely  from 
Augustine.  In  his  day  the  baptism  of  adults  de- 
manded faith  continually,  and  when  he  put  forth 
enormous  efforts  to  change  the  subjects  of  baptism, 
ho  still  insisted  upon  faith,  the  faith  of  sponsors 
for  unconscious  babes.  Hence  he  says,  "  A  little 
child  is  benefited  by  their  faith  by  whom  he  is 
brought  to  be  consecrated"  (in  baptism)  (prodesse 
parviilo  eorum  fidem  a  quibus  consecrandus  offer- 
tur*) ;  "  a  little  child  believes  through  another  (the 
sponsor)  because  it  sinned  through  another" 
(Adam)  ([parvulus]  credit  in  altero  quia  poccavit 
in  alterof).  Again,  speaking  of  a  little  child,  he 
says,  "  It  has  the  needful  sacrament  of  the  Media- 
tor, so  that  what  could  not  as  yet  be  done  by  its 
faith  is  performed  by  the  faith  of  those  who  love 
it"  (necessariuni  luibet  Mediatoris  sacramentum,  ut 
quod  per  ejus  fidem  nondum  potest,  per  eorum 
qui  diligunt,  fiatj).  Speaking  of  baptism,  Augus- 
tine says,  "  Mother-church  loans  them  (little  chil- 
dren) the  feet  of  others  that  they  may  come  (to  it), 
the  heart  of  others  that  they  may  believe,  and  the 
tongue  of  others  that  they  may  make  confession" 
(accommodat  illis  mater  ecclesia  aliorum  pedes  ut 
veniant,  aliorum  cor  ut  credant,  aliorum  linguam 
ut  fateantur?).  Augustine  was  in  arms  to  compel 
all  Christendom  to  adopt  infant  immersion.  Ho 
was  almost  constantly  declaring,  "Without  bap- 
tism little  children  can  have  no  life  in  tiiemselves" 
(sine  quo  [baptismo]  nee  parvuli  possunt  habere 
vitam  in  semetipsis||) ;  and  as  Peter  the  Venerable 
is  fighting  a  similar  battle  with  the  Petrobrusians, 
lie  stores  his  memory  with  Augustine's  arguments. 
No  doubt  it  was  this  that  led  him  to  say  about  the 
faith  of  those  who  carried  the  palsied  man  to  Jesus, 
"  Behold,  I  relate  this  not  from  Augustine,  but 
from  the  Evangel." 

Another  common  Pedobaptist  argument  is  pre- 
sented by  Peter,  the  abbot,  in  these  words,  "  The 
unbelieving  husband  is  saved  by  the  ])elieving  wife, 
and  the  unbelieving  wife  is  saved  by  the  believing 
husband.''  This  he  gives  as  a  quotation  from  1 
Cor.  vii.,  and  commenting  upon  it,  he  says,  "  If  the 
unbelieving  wife  is  saved  by  the  faith  of  the  hus- 
band, and  the  unbelieving  husband  is  saved  by 
the  faith  of  the  wife,  why  should  not  the  child 
be  saved  by  the  faith  of  hus])and  and  wife  to- 
gether?"' This  is  a  very  natural  question.  But 
unfortunately  for  the  abbot,  Paul  does  not  speak  of 
either  husband  or  wife  as  being  saved  by  the  faith 
of  the  other.      lie  represents  the  one  as  being 


*  Angustiiii  Opera  Omnia,  i.  1304.     Migne,  Parisiis,  1842. 
t  Ilium,  V.  \M1.  X  I<iem,  iii.  418. 

I  Iiiom,  V.  950.  I  Idem,  X.  615. 


PETROBRUSIANS 


914 


JPETROBRUSIANS 


SANCTIFIED  by  the  other.  And  the  sanctification 
he  refers  to  after  its  work  is  done  leaves  its  subject 
an  unbeliever.  It>  is  the  legal  righteousness  of 
their  wedded  relations  and  the  legitimacy  of  their 
children  of  which  the  apostle  is  speaking.  If 
indeed  a  Christian  lady  could  give  not  only  her 
own  heart  but  the  love  of  Christ  and  the  heavenly 
inheritance  to  her  unbelieving  husband,  and  allow 
him  still  to  remain  in  unbelief  and  sin,  it  wcmld 
make  a  union  with  her  an  unheard-of  attraction. 
And  the  same  would  be  true  of  the  believing  hus- 
band. But  Peter  misquotes  the  Vulgate,  the  only 
copy  of  the  Scriptures  which  he  had.  It  has  not 
his  salvatur,  but  sanctificatus  and  saiiclificata  est. 

In  ancient  times,  sifter  the  heresy  sprang  into  ex- 
istence that  water  baptism  was  necessary  to  salva- 
tion, it  was  believed  that  martyrdom,  or  a  baptism 
in  one's  own  blood,  would  supply  the  place  of  the 
saving  immersion.  Peter  turns  this  to  ingenious 
account.  He  says,  "  If  the  martyrs  by  a  personal 
faith  are  saved  without  baptism  (in  water),  why 
may  not  little  children,  as  1  have  said,  be  saved  by 
baptism  without  a  personal  faith?"  Or  we  might 
add,  Why  may  they  not  be  saved  like  the  martyrs 
without  any  baptism  T  Treating  of  the  commission 
of  the  Saviour,  the  baptismal  creed  of  the  Petro- 
brusians,  he  says,  '"He  who  believeth  not  shall  be 
damned.'  You  think,  forsooth,  that  little  children 
are  held  by  this  chain,  and  because  they  are  not 
able  to  believe,  that  baptism  will  profit  them  no- 
thing. But  it  is  not  so  \  the  sacred  words  them- 
selves show  this ;  they  do  not  show  it  to  the  blind, 
but  to  those  who  see;  they  show  it  to  the  humble, 
not  to  the  haughty.  '-Go,'  says  the  Lord,  'into  all 
the  world,  and  preach  the  gospel  to  every  creature. 
He  that  believeth  and  is  baptized  shall  be  saved  ;  he 
that  believeth  not  shall  be  condemned.'  These  vv'ords 
terrify  the  rebellious  ;  they  do  not  condemn  the  in- 
nocent, they  strike  iniquity  ;  they  do  not  strike 
irresponsible  infancy,  they  destroy  despisers  of 
grace;  they  do  not  condemn  the  simplicity  of  na- 
ture (innocent  children).  .  .  .  Restrain,  therefore, 
the  excessive  severity  which  you  assume,  and  do 
not  aim  to  appear  more  just  than  him,  all  whose 
ways  are  mercy  and  truth,  nor  shut  out  little  chil- 
dren from  the  kingdom  of  heaven  (by  refusing  to 
baptize  them),  in  reference  to  whom  he  has  said, 
'Of  such  is  the  kingdom  of  heaven.'  "  Peter's  in- 
terpretation of  the  condemnation  of  the  commission 
is  correcc ;  it  does  not  condemn  any  who  cannot  be- 
lieve. But  his  inference  from  it  that  infants  should 
be  baptized  is  childishness  for  the  imaginary  ad- 
vantage of  infants.  All  infants  are  saved  without 
baptism,  as  the  Potrobrusians  believed.  The  com- 
mission has  only  to  do  with  lielievers  anil  their  liap- 
tism,  and  the  penalty  of  unl)clief  when  persons  have 
heard  the  gospel  in  years  Avhcn  faith  is  possible. 

Peter  proceeds  to  take  up  the  old  argument  which 


Augustine, uses,  and  which  has  such  a  modern  and 
familiar  sound:  "For  thus  afterwards  Christ  the 
Lord  placed  holy  baptism  in  his  church,  the  sacra- 
ment of  the  New  Testament  for  the  circumcision 
of  the  flesh."'  (Sic  etiam  postquam  Dominus 
Christus  in  ecclesia  sua  sacramentum  Novi  Testa- 
menti  pro  circumcisione  carnis  sanctum  baptismum 
dedit.  Augustini  Opera  Omnia,  ii.  1087.  Migne, 
Parisiis,  18-12.)  And  he  says,  "For  it  is  very  dis- 
graceful and  impious  that  we  should  refuse  that  to 
the  little  children  of  Christians  which  we  grant  to- 
the  little  children  of  Jews,  .  .  .  for  neither* does 
the  law  prevail  over  the  gospel  nor  Closes  over 
Christ.  .  .  .  The  little  children  of  the  Hebrews 
were  circumcised  by  divine  command  on  the 
eighth  day,  und  jmrffcd  from  original  sin.  "Where, 
then,  was  the  faith  of  the  boj's?  What  was  their 
understanding  of  the  sacrament  which  they  re- 
ceived? AVhat  was  their  knowledge  of  divine 
things?  Where  are  you  who  condemn  Christian 
little  children  ?  The  little  children  of  Jews  are 
saved  by  the  sacrament  of  circumcision,  and  shall 
.not  the  little  children  of  Ciiristians  be  saved  by 
the  sacrament  of  baptism  ?  The  Jew  believes,  and 
his  son  is  cleansed  from  sin  :  the  Christian  believes, 
and  shall  not  his  child  be  freed  from  similar  guilt? 
There  is  no  faith  in  the  little  children  of  Christians, 
but  neither  is  there  any  faith  in  the  little  children 
of  Jews,  yet  they  are  saved  by  the  faith  of  anothei 
when  circumcision  is  received,  and  these  (little 
children)  are  saved  by  the  faith  of  another  (the 
sponsors)  when  baptism  is  received."* 

We  have  made  these  quotations  to  show  how 
vigorously  the  Petrobrusians  denounced  baptism 
on  the  ^^  faith  of  another"  and  insisted  on  personal 
faith.  J\luch  more  might  be  introduced  from  the 
celebrated  assault  of  the  abbot  of  Cluny,  Init  from 
what  has  been  placed  before  the  reader  from  Peter 
the  Venerable,  it  is  clear  that  the  Petrobrusians 
were  very  decided  Bible  Baptists, — Baptists  ready 
for  anything  on  earth  except  a  renunciation  of  their 
Scriptural  principles.  The  other  four  charges  of 
Peter  are  quite  as  favorable  to  the  general  ortho- 
doxy of  these  ancient  brethren. 

Their  immense  strength  to  resist  the  church  and 
make  converts  is  seen  in  the  extraordinai-y  pains 
Peter  takes  to  arm  himself  with  all  the  weapons  of 
I  Augustine  and  with  such  as  he  had  made  himself, 
I  and  in  the  extremely  skillful  use  which  he  makes 
of  them.  It  is  refreshing  to  read  a  treatise  written 
seven  hundred  and  thirty-six  years  ago  against  a 
powerful  body  of  Baptists  by  a  very  able  theolo- 
gian. Augustine  directed  the  most  subtle  argu- 
ments against  the  men  who  held  Baptist  principles 
in  his  day  ;    but  our  people,  when  crushed,  have 

«  Pntrl.  Int.,  clxxxix.  pp.  722,  729,  7.52,  754,  755,  757,  75S. 
Migne,  Pftrisiis,  1854. 


MEMORIAI,    llAri'lSl'    CilL  KCH,     I'll  1 1,  .\  UtLl'U  1  A,     FA. 


PHELPS 


916 


■PHILADELPHIA 


only  been  overcome  for  a  time,  and  then  received 
fresh  life  again  ;  and  beyond  a  doubt  our  doctrines 
will  finally  seize  the  whole  race  and  bless  all  na- 
tions. 

Phelps,  Mrs.  Sophia  Emilia,  a  daughter  of  Rev. 
James  Harvey  Linsley,  a  Baptist  minister,was  born 
Nov.  16,  1823 ;  married,  Aug.  26,  1847,  Rev.  S.  D. 
'  Phelps,  D.D. ;  a  graceful  and  popular  writer  ;  author 
of  a  memoir  of  her  father ;  frequent  contributor 
to  journals,  especially  to  the  Christian  Secretary ; 
writer  of  the  expositions  of  the  Sabbath-School  Les- 
sons of  the  International  Series  in  the  Christian 
Secretary ;  successful  teacher  of  Bible-classes ;  gives 
to  Sunday-school  teachers  weekly  lectures  in  Hart- 
ford, before  members  of  different  denominations. 

Phelps,  Sylvanus  Dryden,  D.D.,  editor  of 
Christian    Secretary,    son    of    Capt.    Israel    and 


SYLVANUS  -DRYDEN    PHELPS,  D.D. 

Mercy  (Stevens)  Phelps,  grandson  of  Deacon  Jiidah 
Phelps,  of  the  Revolutionary  war,  was  born  in  Suf- 
field.  Conn.,  May  15,  1816 ;  worked  on  farm  and 
taught  winter  schools ;  had  great  fondness  for 
books;  converted  in  1834 ;  baptized,  in  1838,  by 
Rev.  M.  G.  Clarke :  united  with  Second  Baptist 
church  in  Suffield  while  a  member  of  the  Connec- 
ticut Literary  Institution,  where  he  fitted  for  col- 
lege ;  licensed  to  preach  in  1840  ;  taught  in  Connec- 
ticut Literai'y  Institution  and  Southwick  Academy, 
Mass. ;  entered  Brown  University,  and  graduated 
in  1844;  same  year  entered  Yale  Theological  Semi- 
nary ;  supplied  Baptist  church  in  Bristol,  and  after- 
wards First  Baptist  church  in  Now  Haven,  where 
he  settled  as   pastor  Jan.  21,  lS4{i,  and  remained 


twenty-eiglrt  j'ears,  during  which  time  1217  united 
with  the  church,  615  by  baptism,  and  four  colonies 
went  out  to  form  new  churches.  In  1871  the  pres- 
ent church  had  800  members, — largest  evangelical 
church  in  the  State ;  called  at  same  time  to  two 
churches,  but  settled,  in  1874,  with  .Jefferson  Street 
church  in  Providence,  R.  I. ;  on  death  of  Rev.  E. 
Cushman  became  proprietor  and  editor  of  Christian 
Secretary,  Hartford,  Conn.,  for  which  he  had  pre- 
viously largely  written ;  in  1859-60  spent  about  a 
year  in  Europe  and  the  East :  a  brief  trip  to  Europe 
in  1872;  has  written  and  published:  a  volume  of 
poems  in  1842;  another,  "Eloquence  of  Nature, 
and  Other  Poems;"  yet  another,  in  1855,  "'Sun- 
light and  Hearthlight ;"  in  1865,  a  volume  of  selec- 
tions from  previous  volumes,  Avith  new  poems  ;  in 
1862,  a  prose  volume,  "Holy  Land,""  etc.,  passing 
through  nine  editions  :  "  Sermons  in  the  Four 
Quarters  of  the  Globe  ;"'  delivered  poems  at  college 
commencements  ;  written  numerous  articles  for  re- 
views and  periodicals  ;  often  leatured  on  Egypt  and 
the  Nile;  easy  and  graceful  writer  of  prose  and 
poetry ;  popular  and  honored  preacher ;  received 
degree  of  D.D.  from  Madison  University  in  1854: 
married,  Aug.  26,  1847,  Sophia  Emilia  Linsley,  of 
Stratford,  Conn. 

Philadelphia  Baptist  Association,  The,  was 

formed  on  the  "  twenty-seventh  day  of  the  seventh 
month,  on  the  seventh  day  of  the  week,"  in  the 
year  1707.  The  meeting  lasted  till  the  third  day  of 
the  week  following.  Before  the  formation  of  the 
Association  the  churches  had  a  general  meeting  for 
preaching  and  administering  the  ordinances,  which 
was  held  in  different  places.  The  first  was  held  at 
Salem,  N.  J.,  in  1688  ;  this  was  about  three  months 
after  the  Lower  Dublin  church  was  constituted. 
The  next  was  held  at  the  latter  church,  the  next 
at  Philadelphia,  and  the  fourth  at  Burlington. 
Others  were  held  in  various  places.  The  people 
with  whom  the  brethren  met  called  the  gathering 
a  yearly  meeting  because  it  met  with  them  but 
once  a  year,  but  those  who  attended  .all  the  sessions 
of  this  body  spoke  of  it  as  a  quarterly  meeting. 
The  Association  was  designed  to  differ  from  the 
yearly  meeting  chiefly  in  this,  that  it  was  to  be  a 
body  of  delegates  representing  churches,  and  the 
yearly  meeting  had  no  representative  character. 

The  brethren  who  constituted  the  Association 
came  from  Lower  Dublin  (Pennepck),  Middletown. 
Piscataqua,  Cohansey,  and  "Welsh  Tract.  The 
Philadelphia  congregation,  though  giving  its  name 
to  the  Association,  is  not  represented  as  a  constit- 
uent member,  because  it  was  regarded  as  a  branch 
of  the  Lower  Dublin  church.  ^Morgan  Edwards 
mentions  with  evident  satisfaction,  that  though  the 
Association  was  formed  of  but  five  churches,  ''  It 
has  so  increased  since  as  to  contain  thirtj'-four 
churches  (in  1770),  exclusive  of  those  which  have 


PHILADELPHIA 


917 


PHILADELPHIA 


been  detached  to  form  another  Association.''  In 
1879  the  Association  had  81  churches,  with  a  mcui- 
bership  of  nearly  24,000. 

The  influence  of  the  Philadelphia  Association 
has  been  greater  in  shaping  Haptist  modes  of 
tiiinking  and  working,  than  any  other  body  in  ex- 
istence. It  is  older  by  nearly  fifty  years  than  any 
other  Association.  Its  "  Confession  of  Faith"  and 
"Treatise  of  Discipline"  have  wielded  an  immense 
power  in  favor  of  orthodoxy  and  piety  among  our 
rising  churches.  It  has  ever  been  the  warm  friend 
of  missions  at  home  and  abroad,  its  ministers 
making  missionary  tours  all  over  our  country.  It 
has  always  been  the  friend  of  Sunday-schools  since 


What  our  denomination  would  have  been  in  this 
country  without  the  Piiiladelphia  Association  is  an 
interesting  question.  We  cannot  suppose  that  the 
Associational  institution  would  have  had  no  e.x- 
istencc  among  us.  It  flourished  in  England  long 
before  1707.  But  this  mother  Association  had  men 
of  learning  even  in  her  early  history,  with  sound 
Baptist  principles,  great  practical  sagacity,  and 
with  a  love  for  struggling  Baptists  in  the  farthest 
East  and  in  the  most  distant  South  ;  and,  as  a  conse- 
quence, the  Associational  plan  became  popular,  and 
the  spirit  of  the  old  riiijadelphia  body  was  grafted 
upon  every  kindred  institution  all  over  the  land. 
Xor  did  this  ancient  body  look  coldly  upon   the 


BAPTIST    HOME    OF    I'll  1 1.AUEI.l'H  I  A. 


the  system  was  first  presented  to  its  churches.  It 
encouraged  the  school  of  Isaac  Eaton,  of  Hope- 
well, N.  J.,  for  the  preparation  of  young  men  for 
the  ministry,  the  first  Baptist  institution  of  that 
character  in  America ;  and  it  founded  Brown 
University,  formerly  Rhode  Island  College,  and 
through  it,  indirectly,  all  our  seminaries  of  learn- 
ing. As  early  as  1788  it  took  its  stand  in  favor 
of  temperance.  It  was  a  tower  of  strength  to 
our  persecuted  brethren  in  other  colonies  in 
times  when  they  suffered  great  legal  oppression. 
It  gave  them  financial  aid  and  good  counsel,  and 
.lent  the  weight  of  its  great  influence  in  seeking  a 
redress  of  grievances  from  men  in  power,  and  it 
has  ever  demanded  liberty  for  all  men  to  worship 
God  according  to  the  dictates  of  their  consciences. 


crushed  liberties  and  the  struggling  warriors  of 
their  country  in  Revolutionary  times.  On  the  19th 
of  October,  1781,  our  army  made  its  victorious  entry 
into  Yorktown  ;  on  the  23d  the  Association  was 
in  session  ;  on  the  night  of  that  day  the  old  watch- 
men of  Philadelphia  cried,  '"  Twelve  o'clock  and 
all  is  well,  and  Cornwallis  has  surrendered." 
The  next  morning  the  Association  met  al  sunrise 
to  bless  (Jod  for  the  glorious  news,  and  to  re- 
cord their  gratitude  in  appropriate  resolutions. 
The  mother  Association  of  our  land  has  a  precious 
record. 

Philadelphia,  Baptist  Home  of,  was  chartered 
in  lst)9.  Its  object  is  "  to  provide  a  place  of  resi- 
dence for  members  of  Baptist  churches  who  may, 
by  reason  of  age,  infirmities,  or  poverty,  become 


PniLADELPHIA 


918 


puiurs 


incapable  of  supporting  themselves  and  their  fami- 
lies, and  also  to  afford  such  persons  other  relief, 
and  in  such  other  way,  as  the  trustees  may  deem 
prudent  and  advisable."  The  trustees  have  au- 
thority to  admit  members  of  other  Christian 
churches  whenever  special  contriljutions  are  made 
for  that  purpose. 

The  management  consists  of  a  board  of  trustees, 
who  must  be  members  of  Baptist  churches,  and  of 
a  board  of  lady  managers,  consisting  of  represen- 
tatives from  the  Baptist  churches  of  Philadelphia 
and  vicinity.  To  tiie  former  belongs  the  duty  of 
securing  titles,  investing  trust  funds,  and  other 
legal  matters,  and  to  the  lady  managers  is  assigned 
the  entire  management  of  the  institution,  the  ad- 
mission and  care  of  the  inmates,  and  the  procuring 
of  funds  to  meet  the  required  expenses  above  the 
amount  furnished  by  the  partial  endowment  of 
$30,000. 

Mr.  George  Nugent,  President*  lion.  H.  G. 
Jones,  Secretary ;  and  Mr.  Levi  Knowles,  Treas- 
urer, of  the  board  of  trustees,  have  served  from  the. 
date  of  organization  with  great  zeal  and  fidelity. 
The  officers  of  the  lady  managers  are  Mrs.  L. 
Knowles,  President ;  Mrs.  John  Mustin,  Vice- 
President  ;  Mrs.  P.  G.  McCoUin,  Corresponding 
Secretary ;  Miss  Anna  E.  Friend,  Recording  Sec- 
retary;  Mrs.  C.  II.  Banes,  Treasurer.  Mrs. 
Knowles  and  Mrs.  McCollin  have  filled  the  offices 
assigned  to  them  from  the  founding  of  the  institu- 
tion, and  to  the  wonderful  executive  ability  of  the 
former  and  the  enthusiasm  and  persevering  zeal 
of  the  latter,  aided  by  a  noble  band  of  Baptist  sis- 
ters, the  home  is  largely  indebted  for  its  success 
and  popularity. 

The  building  is  located  at  Seventeenth  and 
Norris  Streets,  upon  a  plot  of  ground  valued  at 
$30,000,  the  generous  gift  of  Deacon  Joseph  F. 
Page,  of  the  First  Baptist  church.  It  has  a  hand- 
some exterior,  and  is  e'specially  adapted  by  its  plan 
for  the  purpose  for  which  it  is  used.  Built  with 
wings  forming  three  sides  of  a  square,  and  sur- 
rounded by  ample  grounds,  laid  out  with  walks 
and  shrubbery,  its  appearance  is  one  of  great 
beauty.  There  are  rooms  for  85  inmates.  The 
chiirge  for  admission  is  $200  when  under  seventy 
years,  and  S150  when  over  tiiat  age. 

As  its  name  indicates,  it  is  a  home,  and  it  is  re- 
markably free  from  the  cheerlessness  that  too  fre- 
quently mars  places  of  public  charity,  and,  on  the 
contrary,  it  possesses  an  air  of  comfort  and  content- 
ment that  reflects  the  highest  credit  upon  the  Chris- 
tian benevolence  of  the  donominatioii. 

Philadelphia,  The  Fifth  Baptist  Church  of, 
was  I'oundeil  in  1S24,  l)y  members  of  the  Sansom 
Street  churcli,  organized  by  Dr.  Staughton.  It 
cost  about  $100,000,  and  was  dedicated  to  the  wor- 
ship of  Almighty  God,  Oct.  13,  1864.     It  was  paid 


for  before  ft  was  used  for  divine  service.  Its  mem- 
bership, as  reported  to  the  Philadelphia  Association 
in  October,  1880,  was  584.  Rev.  B.  D.  Thomas  is  its 
highly  esteemed  pastor.  (See  illustration,  p.  911.) 
Philadelphia,  Memorial  Baptist  Church  of, 
was  organized  in  July,  18(J8,  by  Rev.  P.  S.  Ilen- 
son,  D.D. :  its  chapel  was  built  soon  after  the  forma- 
tion of  the  church.  The  main  edifice  was  completed 
and  dedicated  in  February,- 1876.  The  latter  build- 
ing will  seat  1500  persons.  Both  structures  and 
lots  cost  $165,500,  and  the  church  has  no  debt.  It 
had  in  Octoljer,  1S80,  a  membership  of  642.  (See 
illustration,  p. -915.) 

Philadelphia,  Second  Baptist  Church  of, 

was  organized  in  March,  1803.  It  has  had  seven 
pastors  since  it  was  formed,  six  of  whom  have  left 
the  church  militant  for  the  heavenly  assembly. 
William  Cathcart,  D.D.,  the  seventh  pastor,  has  held 
his  office  since  April,  1857.  The  church  is  strongly 
Calvinistieal  and  warmly  missionary.  It  has  paid 
the  present  pastor's  salary  everp  month  since  April, 
1857,  a  few  days  before  the  time,  except  on  two 
■occasions,  when  it  was  received  on  the  day  it  was 
due.  It  had  a  membership  in  October,  1880,  of 
707.  Its  present  church  edifice  is  a  two-story 
building,  65  by  100,  with  a  front  76  feet  6  inches 
wide.  It  was  dedicated  in  March,  1875.  It  cost 
$93,500,  and  it  is  entirely  paid  for.  The  design  of 
its  magnificent  fron-t  was  evidently  taken  originally 
from  the  ancient  church  of  the  Abbey  of  Sainte  Gene- 
vieve, in  Paris,  founded  by  Clovis.  and  rebuilt  from 
the  eleventh  to  the  thirteenth  century,  an  engraving 
of  which  is  in  Lacroix's  "  Manners,  Customs,  and 
Dress  of  the  Middle  Ages,"  p.  40.  London. 
Philips,  Prof.  G.  Morris,  A.M.,  was  born  at 

Penningtonville  (now  Atglen),  Chester  Co..  Pa., 
Oct.  28,  1851.  lie  was  fitted  for  college  in  his 
native  village,  and  entered  the  university  at  Lewis- 
biirg  in  1867.  Having  completed  the  regular  clas- 
sical course,  he  graduated  in  1871,  taking  the 
second  honors  of  the  largest  class  which  has  ever 
graduated  from  the  university.  In  the  ensuing 
autumn  he  assumed  the  chair  of  3Iatheraatics  in 
Monongahcla  College,  which  position  he  filled  most 
acceptably  for  a  j^ear  and  a  half.  From  1873  to 
1878  he  held  the  chair  of  Higher  Mathematics  in 
the  State  Normal  School  at  AVest  Chester,  Pa., 
wtiere  he  soon  became  known  most  favorably  as  an 
enthusiastic  and  successful  instructor.  "While  in 
tiiat  position  he  declined  an  appointment  to  the 
county  superintendency.  In  1878  he  was  ap- 
pointed Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Natural 
Philosophy  in  the  university  at  Lewisburg. 

Prof.  Philips  is  a  most  careful  and  accurate 
scholar,  with  great  breadth  of  mind,  and  a  large 
acquaintance  with  literature,  especially  in  the  line 
of  science.  As  an  instructor  he  has  few  equals  for 
clearness  of  statement,  earnestness  of  manner,  and 


SECOND    BAPTlsr    iiiikiii,    iiu  i.ADEI.rillA,    I'A. 


PHILIPS 


920 


PICKET 


ability  to  awaken  enthusiasm.  His  genial  man- 
ners, thoroughness  of  work,  and  large  Christian 
sympathy  endear  him  to  all  who  come  under  his 
influence.  At  the  present  writing  he  is  engaged 
with  Prof.  Sharpless,  of  Ilaverford  College,  in  pre- 
paring a  new  text-book  on  astronomy. 

Philips,  Judge  John  W.,  was  born  in  Wilson 
Co.,  Tenn.,  July  1,  1837.  He  graduated  at  Alle- 
ghany College,  Pa.,  jn  1860.  Made  a  profession 
of  religion  in  MeadvlUe,  Pa.,  while  at  college,  in 
the  spring  of  1859,  and  joined  the  Baptist  church. 
He  took  his  letter  from  the  Meadville  church  to  the 
Round  Lick  Baptist  church  in  Wilson  Co.,  Tenn., 
and  from  it  he  came  to  the  Second  Baptist  chui'ch 
of  St.  Louis,  in  1873,  of  which  he  is  now  a  member 
and  a  deacon.  He  superintends  the  Olivet  Mission 
of  the  Second  church. 

He  was  elected  judge  of  the  seventh  judicial 
circuit  of  Tennessee,  by  the  people  of  that  circuit, 
by  a  large  majority ;  every  vote  in  the  county 
where  he  lived  was  cast  for  him  except  six.  There 
were  four  counties  in  the  circuit.  Judge  Philips 
raised  a  company  for  the  Union  army  and  per- 
formed honorable  service,  and  was  made  colonel 
of  his  regiment.  He  is  now  a  lawyer  of  success- 
ful practice  in  St.  Louis,  in  the  firm  of  Philips  & 
Stewart. 

Philips,  Dr.  M.  W.>  the  veteran  agricultural 
editor  of  the  South,  was  born  in  South  Carolina 
in  1806  ;  graduated  at  South  Carolina  College  in 
1826 ;  graduated  in  the  medical  department  of 
Pennsylvania  University  in  1829 ;  settled  in  Mis- 
sissippi in  1830 ;  soon  became  distinguished  as  a 
scientific  farmer,  and  contributor  to  agricultural 
journals ;  became  a  Baptist  in  1849,  and  at  once  took 
an  active  part  in  church  work,  especially  in  the  pro- 
motion of  education,  and  was  chiefly  instrumental 
in  the  purchase  of  Mississippi  College  and  the  es- 
tablishment of  Central  Female  College  at  Clinton, 
Miss.  After  the  war  ,he  removed  to  Memphis, 
Tenn.,  and  became  editor  of  the  Southern  Fanner. 
This  he  gave  up  in  1877  to  take  charge  of  the  Farm 
and  the  Agricultural  professorship  of  the  University 
of  Mississippi,  a  position  he  still  holds. 

Phillips,  Rev.  ■William,  was  born  in  Province- 
town,  Mass.,  Aug.  24,  1801.  In  his  boyhood  his 
family  removed  to  Pawtucket,  R.  I.  At  the  age 
of  seventeen  he  became  a  Christian,  and  was  bap- 
tized by  Dr.  Benedict,  then  the  pastor  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  Pawtucket.  At  once  he  began  to 
speak  and  perform  other  service  in  the  social  meet- 
ings, and  was  so  acceptable  to  his  brethren  that 
his  pastor  sent  for  him,  and  asked  him  if  he  had 
ever  thought  it  would  be  a  privilege  to  preach  the 
gospel.  The  young  man  replied  that  it  was  a  pleas- 
ure to  him  to  take  part  in  the  religious  meetings 
which  he  attended,  but  he  felt  that  an  insuperable 
obstacle  lay  in  the  way  of  his  obtaining  an  educa- 


tion, as  he  was  the  sole  stay  and  support  of  a 
widowed  mother.  In  the  providence  of  God  it 
was  found  that  this  obstacle  could  be  removed,  and 
the  way  was  opened  for  him  to  fit  for  college,  under 
the  tuition  of  Dr.  Benedict.  He  entered  Brown  Uni- 
versity in  1822,  and  graduated  in  1826.  In  the  class 
were  several  members  who  were  afterwards  distin- 
guished in  their  professions  in  life.  Among  these 
may  be  mentioned  Rev.  George  Burgess,  D.D.,  the 
Episcopal  bishop  of  Maine,  Hon.  John  Kingsbury, 
LL.D.,  and  Prof.  Edwards  A.  Park,  D.D.  On  leaV-* 
ing  college  Mr.  Phillips  did  not  take  a  course  of 
theological  study,  but  in  the  March  following  his 
graduation  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  church 
in  North  Attleborough,  Mass.  He  remained  here 
until  the  fall  of  1828,  when  he  accepted  a  call  to 
the  Third  Baptist  church  in  Providence.  R.  I.,  and 
commenced  his  ministry'  there  the  first  Sabbath  in 
November,  1828.  He  continued  with  this  church 
eight  years,  when  he  was  invited  to  become  the 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Charlestown, 
Mass.  He  remained  here  until  the  fall  of  1841, 
.when,  his  health  having  failed,  he  resigned  his 
ofiice  and  removed  to  Providence,  R.  I.,  where  he 
has  lived  ever  since.  For  one  year  he  suspended 
regular  ministerial  labor.  At  the  end  of  that  time 
his  health  was  suflBciently  restored  to  enable  him 
to  supply  churches,  although  he  has  never  been 
a  regular  pastor  since  he  left  Charlestown.  For 
five  and  a  half  years  he  thus  supplied  the  church 
at  Fruit  Hill,  in  the  neighborhood  of  Providence, 
and  for  eight  years  the  church  at  Lonsdale,  R.  I. 
While  filling  this  last  engagement  he  Avent  abroad, 
extending  his  trip  up  the  Nile  as  far  as  Thebes, 
and  visiting  also  the  Holy  Land,  spending  several 
weeks  in  Jerusalem.. 

Mr.  Phillips  resides  at  his  pleasant  home  in  the 
suburbs  of  Providence,  respected  and  beloved  by 
a  large  circle  of  friends.  He  was  made  a  member 
of  the  corporation  of  Brown  University  in  1836. 

Phippen,  Rev.  George. — At  the  residence  of 
his  daughter,  Mrs.  J.  AV.  Jlills,  in  Chicago,  May 
15,  1873,  died  Rev.  George  Phippen,  in  the  eighty- 
fourth  year  of  his  age.  He  was  born  in  Salem, 
Mass.,  Feb.  2, 1790,  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of 
the  Baptist  church  there  by  Rev.  Lucius  BoUes,  Aug. 
25,  1805,  and  ordained  at  Middletown,  Conn.,  June 
11,  1812,  after  graduating  at  Brown  University. 
His  successive  pastorates  were  at  Middletown  Cen- 
tre and  Suffield,  Conn.,  AYest  Troy  and  Newburgli, 
N.  Y.,  Tyringham  and  Lee,  Mass.  He  had  an  in- 
fluential share  in  the  establishment  of  the  Connec- 
ticut Literary  Institution  at  Sufiield,  and  was  suc- 
cessively secretary  and  president  of  the  Education 
Society  in  that  State.  He  closed,  in  the  peaceful 
joy  of  one  departing  to  be  with  Christ,  a  long  life 
of  marked  fidelity  and  usefulness. 

Picket,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  King  and  Queen 


PIDGE 


921 


PIKE 


Co.,  Va.,  Jan.  14,  1744.  In  early  life  he  was  fond 
of  sports  and  frivolous  aiiuiscments.  On  a  visit  to 
North  Carolina  the  Saviour  called  hiiu  into  his 
peace.  He  was  l)aptized  in  ITfifi.  A  year  after 
he  returned  to  Virj^inia.  In  IT'iS  a  church  was 
formed  in  Fauquier,  Va.,  chietly  through  his  in- 
strumentality; the  ehureh  was  called  Carter's  Run. 
Mr.  Picket  was  ordained  its  pastor  in  177-.  Ills 
prosperity  in  winning  souls  soon  drew  persecution 
upin  him.  A  mob  broke  into  the  meeting-house  and 
split  the  pulpit  in  pieces.  The  magistrates  sent 
the  pastor  to  prison,  where  he  preached  God's  AVord 
to  the  salvation  of  great  numbers.  When  he  was 
released  from  prison  he  proclaimed  Jesus  with 
greater  zeal  than  ever,  extending  his  labors  into 
Culpeper  and  over  the  Blue  Ridge,  where  at  the 
first  baptism  that  ever  took  place  in  Shenandoah 
fifty  were  immersed.  Mr.  Picket  loved  the  Saviour 
intensely,  was  never  weary  in  laboring  for  him, 
was  honored  by  great  usefulness  in  the  service  of 
Jesus,  and  he  led  a  saintly  life.  He  died  in  June, 
18g3. 

Pidge,  Rev.  John  Bartholomew  Gough,  the 

son  of  Edwin  and  Mary  E.  I'idge.  was  born  at 
Providence,  R.  I.,  Feb.  4,  1844;  was  educated  in 
public  and  private  schools  at  Providence,  and  sul)- 
sequently  entered  Brown  University,  graduating 
therefrom  in  1860 ;  graduated  also  at  Newton 
Theological  Institution  in  1869.  While  a  student 
at  Newton  ho  translated  Braune's  "Commentary 
on  Philippians."  from  thcGerman,  under  the  super- 
vision of  Dr.  Hackett ;  was  ordained  Sept.  8,  1869, 
and  became  pastor  of  the  church  at  Lawrence, 
Mass.  In  I87I  he  declined  a  call  to  the  professor- 
ship (if  New  Testament  Exegesis  from  Crozer  Theo- 
logical Seminai'y.  In  April.  1879,  ho  accepted  a 
call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Fourth  church.  Pl.ila- 
delpliia,  in  which  field  of  labor  he  continues  a  min- 
istry that  has  greatly  endeared  him  to  one  of  our 
liiVLTest  churches. 

Mr.  Pidge  is  a  man  of  studious  haliits.  of  schol- 
arly attainments,  and  of  marked  pulpit  power. 
His  sermons  are  fruitful  in  the  results  of  close  ap- 
plication, and  are  well  calculated  to  enrich  the 
minds  of  those  who  wait  upon  his  ministrations. 

Pierson,  Rev.  Nicholas,  an  English  B.iptist, 
who  settled  in  Ilorton,  Nova  Scotia,  about  177.'): 
was  ordained,  Nov.  .5,  1778,  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Ilorton,  formed  seven  d.ays  previous  ;  the 
first  Baptist  church  organi/.e<l  in  the  Maritime  Prov- 
inces. Mr.  Pierson  continued  pastor  till  his  re- 
moval to  New  Brunswick  in  1791,  where  he  died 
some  years  after. 

Pike,  Rev.  James  C,  an  eminent  minister  of 
the  English  General  Baptists,  and  for  twenty-two 
years  secretary  of  their  Foreign  ^lissions,  was  born 
June  26,  1817.  His  father,  the  author  of  "  Persua- 
sives to  Early  Piety,"  was  gratified  to  see  in  Iiis  own 
69 


son  what  he  so  earnestly  commended  to  the  young 
generally.  After  a  course  of  study  at  Stepney  Col- 
lege, he  commenced  his  ministry  at  Wisbech,  as  as- 
sistant to  the  Rev.  Joseph  Jarroin.  lie  labored 
here  fourteen  years,  and  then  removed  to  Lcices-- 
ter,  where,  in  two  pastorates,  he  spent  the  remain^ 
ing  years  of  his  life.  In  180;')  be  was  eboi<cn  secre- 
tary of  the  Foreign  Missions,  in  tiie  place  of  his* 
father,  to  whose  faith  and  zeal  it  owed  its  origin. 
His  industry  and  couragc,a8  well  as  bodily  strength, 
were  severely  taxed  by  the  liurdens  laid  upon  him 
as  a  pastor  of  a  largo  church  and  the  responsible 
director  of  the  missionary  work.  Hut  he  was  a 
workman  who  needed  not  to  lie  ashamed.  He  died 
August,  1876,  aged  fifty-nine  years. 

Pike,  Rev.  John  G.,  was  born  at  Edmonton, 
England.  April  (',,  1784.  His  ftxther,  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Pike,  had  formerly  been  a  clergyman  of  the  Estab- 
lished Church,  from  which  he  seceded  for  conscience' 
sake,  and  became  tiie  minister  of  a  Presbyterian 
congregation  in  the  neighborhood  of  London. 
When  in  his  eighteenth  year  he  was  entered  as  a 
student  for  the  ministry  at  an  Independent  college. 
Whilst  pursuing  his  studies  the  subject  of  baptism 
powerfully  attracted  his  mind,  and  he  was  led  by 
his  convi.etions  to  aliandon  the  Pedobaptist  senti- 
ments in  which  he  had  been  brought  up.  He  was 
l)aptized  by  the  only  Baptist  minister  he  was  ac- 
quainted with  in  August,  1804,  but  did  not  join 
any  Baptist  church  until  1808,  wlien  he  was  re- 
ceived into  the  church  in  London  under  the  pastoral 
care  of  the  eminent  General  Baptist  minister,  Dan 
Taylor,  by  which  he  was  soon  after  formally  licensed 
to  preach.  After  preaching  for  some  time  without 
a  fixed  engagement,  ho  accepted  a  call  to  the  Gen- 
eral Baptist  church  in  Derby.  His  success  was 
attested  by  the  rapid  increase  of  the  congregation 
and  numerous  baptisms.  The  church  edifice  was 
inadequate,  and,  notwithstanding  the  commercial 
depression  of  the  period,  a  new  and  much  larger 
liuilding  was  erected.  His  scanty  income  obliged 
him  to  commence  a  l)oarding-school  for  the  support 
of  his  family,  but  liis  ministerial  labors  were  abun- 
dant in  Derby  and  all  the  neighborhood.  He  threw 
himself  lieartily  into  the  work  of  foreign  missions, 
and  co-operated  with  Andrew  Fuller  and  the  Par- 
ticular Baptists  until  the  General  Baptist  Mission 
was  organized.  Mr.  Pike  wiis  immediately  chosen 
secretary  of  the  society.  Besides  these  labors  his 
pen  was  ever  busy.  His  "  Persuasives  to  Early 
Piety"  and  "  Guide  for  Young  Disciples"  had  a 
wide  circulation  and  were  eminently  useful.  Be- 
sides these  works,  which  are  everywhere  known 
and  deservedly  esteemed,  he  wrote  other  practical 
works  of  great  value.  During  his  long  pastorate 
at  Derby,  which  was  terminated  only  by  his  death, 
he  lived  in  the  affection  of  liis  people  and  enjoyed 
the  esteem  of  all   classes  of  the  communitv.     He 


PILGRIM 


922 


riTMAX 


■died  suddenly,  seiited  at  his  desk  with  his  ]ien  in 
hand,  Sept.  4,  1855,  aged  seventy. 

Pilgrim,  Rev.  Thomas  J.,  was  Ijoin  in  Mid- 
dlesex Co.,  Conn.,  Dec.  19,  1S05  ;  was  licensed  to 
preach,  and  spent  a  time  at  Ilamilton,  X.  Y.,  under 
the  tuition  of  Nathaniel  Kendrick  and  Daniel  Has- 
call.  His  health  f^xiling  him,  in  1827,  he  left  Ham- 
ilton, and  by  the  Western  waters  came  to  New- 
Orleans,  where,  after  waiting  some  time,  he  suc- 
ceeded in  getting  a  passage  on-  a  schooner  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Brazos  River,  in  the  then  Mexican 
province  of  Texas.  He  accepted  service  as  a  teacher 
of  the  children  of  Mexican  hidalgos,  and  assisted 
Stephen  F.  Austin  in  translating  from  Spanish  into 
English  the  laws  of  Mexico,  thus  acquiring  a  thor- 
ough command  of  the  Spanish  language.  For  the 
most  of  his  life  he  was  occupied  as  a  teacher  with 
signal  success,  instructing  such  men  as  James  H. 
Bell,  M.  Austin  Bryan,  and  Guy  M.  Bryan.  He 
organized  and  conducted  the  first  Sunday-school 
ever  originated  in  Texas.  In  establishing  Sunday- 
schools,  teaching  Bible -classes,  distributing  the 
Bible,  and  managing  Gonzales  College  he  spent 
most  of  his  life.  After  coming  to  Texas  he  gave 
up  the  duties  of  the  ministry,  but  lived  and  acted 
as  a  consistent,  devoted  Christian,  taking  a  deep 
interest  in  the  education  of  the  young  men  pro- 
posing to  enter  the  Christian  ministry,  and  giving 
liberally  to  their  support.  He  died  at  Gonzales, 
Texas,  Oct.  29,  1877. 

Pillsbury,  Rev.  Stephen,  was  born  in  Ames- 
bury,  Mass.,  Oct.  30,  1781.  Hopefully  converted 
at  the  age  of  twenty-one,  he  was  baptized  into  the 
fellowship  of  the  chur'ch  in  Sutton,  N.  H.  Having 
decided  to  give  his  life  to  the  work  of  the  ministry 
he  preached  as  a  licentiate  in  different  places.  He 
was  ordained  in  Hebron,  N.  H.,  where  he  remained 
fifteen  years.  In  1830  he  became  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Sutton,  where  his  labors  were  much 
blessed  during  his  five  years'  pastorate.  His  next 
pastorates  were  at  Dumbarton  and  at  Londonderry, 
N.  H.     In  the  latter  place  he  died,  Jan.  22,  1S51. 

Pingry,  Judge  William  M.,  was  born  at  Salis- 
bury, N.  II.,  May  28,  1806,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  Vermont  in  June,  1832.  He  was  bap- 
tized in  1831,  and  at  once  identified  himself  with 
the  interests  of  his  denomination  in  the  State  of 
Vermont.  In  1841  he  removed  to  Perkinsville,  and 
became  a  deacon  of  the  Baptist  church  in  that 
place.  He  has  occupied  several  of  the  most  prom- 
inent positions  in  Baptist  organizations  in  the 
State.  From  1838  to  1840  he  was  judge  of  the 
Washington  County  Court.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Vermont  constitutional  convention  in  1850, 
State  auditor  from  1853  to  1860,  a  memljer  of  the 
Vermont  house  of  representatives  in  1860,  1861, 
and  1868,  and  of  the  senate  in  1869,  1870.  He  has 
practised  his  profession  since  June,  1832,  excepting 


that  front   November,    1854,   to  August,   1857,  he 
was  cashier  of  a  bank.     Dartmouth  College  con- 


JUDGE    WILLIAM    M.   PINGRY. 

ferred   on   him,  iq.  1860,  the  honorary  degree  of 
Master  of  Arts. . 

Pitman,  Judge  John,  the  son  of  Rev.  John 
Pitman,  was  born  in  Providence,  Fel).  23,  1785. 
Such  was  his  precocity  that  he  entered  Brown  Uni- 
versity before  he  had  completed  his  eleventh  year. 
He  graduated  in  the  j'ear  1799,  and  though  but  a 
mere  lad  of  fourteen,  commenced  the  study  of  law. 
wdiich  he  pursued  for  two  years  and  a  half,  at  the 
end  of  which  time  he  was  prepared  to  be  admitted 
to  the  Rhode  Island  bar.  He  was  too  young,  how- 
ever, to  practice  his  profession,  and  in  order  to 
perfect  himself  in  his  studies  he  was  placed  under 
the  direction  of  an  eminent  lawyer  of  Poughkeep- 
sie,  N.  Y.,  Hon.  Theodorus  Bailey.  After  various 
fortunes  in  different  localities  he  returned  to  his 
native  city  and  opened  a  law-office,  and  for  several 
years  practised  in  the  Rhode  Island  courts.  He 
then  took  up  his  residence  in  Salem,  ]\Iass.,  and 
subsequently  in  Portsmouth,  N.  IL,  and  thus  be- 
came familiar  with  the  practice  of  law  in  the  courts 
of  those  States,  Once  more  he  returned  to  Provi- 
dence, and  continued  his  residence  therefrom  1820 
to  the  close  of  his  life.  In  1824  he  was  appointed 
U.  S.  district  judge  for  the  district  of  Rhode  Island. 
During  this  long  period  of  professional  service  he 
proved  himself  a  public-spirited  citizen,  always 
throwing  the  weight  of  his  influence  on  the  side  of 
any  ]d;>n  or  organization  which  had  for  its  object 
the  improvement  of  his   fellow-men.      He  was  a 


PITMAN 


923 


POINDEXTER 


member  of  the  corporation  of  IJrown  University 
for  thirty-six  years,  six  years  as  a  trustee  and 
thirty  years  as  a  Fellow.  His  college  conferred 
u[)on  him   the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws  in  1842. 


j^_-^--^ 


JUDGE    JOHN     IMTMAN. 

Few  men  have  more  thoroughly  won  the  respect 
and  affection  of  the  community  in  which  they  lived 
than  Judge  Pitman.  Loyal  to  the  faith  of  his 
fathers,  he  was  a  firm  Baptist,  and  a  devout  wor- 
shiper in  the  venerable  church  in  which  for  so 
many  years  he  had  a  seat.  Although,  like  his  long 
cherished  friend,  Nicholas  Brown,  he  never  made  a 
public  profession  of  his  faith,  he  nevertheless  "  il- 
lustrated the  strict  integrity,  the  devout  humility, 
and  the  exemplary  life  of  a  Christian  man."  His 
death  took  place  in  Providence,  Nov.  17.  1864, 
when  he  was  within  less  than  four  months  of  being 
eighty  years  of  age. 

Pitman,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Boston,  April 
26,  1751.  Early  in  life  he  was  apprenticed  to  learn 
the  business  of  a  rope-maker.  He  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  Dr.  Stillman,  Feb.  24,  1771,  and  became  a 
member  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Boston.  He 
removed  to  Philadelphia  in  1774.  For  some  time 
he  was  in  the  Continental  army  during  the  llovolu- 
tinnary  war.  He  began  to  preach  probably  in 
1777,  and  in  October  of  this  year  became  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  Upper  Freehold,  N.  J.,  where 
he  remained  until  March  10,  1780.  For  two  or 
three  years  he  was  without  a  settlement.  He  i-e- 
moved  to  Providencte,  R.  I.,  in  17S4,  and  was  occu- 
pied with  secular  ])ursuits  and  preaching  for  the 
next  two  years,  and  in  October,  17S6,  was  called 


to  the  pastorate  of  tlic  church  in  Warren,  R.  L, 
where  he  continued  until  179(t,  when  he  returned 
to  Providence,  where  he  resided  for  several  years, 
during  a  few  of  which  he  was  the  pastor  of  the 
churcii  in  the  neighboring  town  of  Pawtucket.  In 
1797  he  became  pastor  of  the  church  in  Rt^holioth, 
Mass.,  where  fur  nearly  all  the  rest  of  his  life  he 
lived,  dying  -July  22,  1S22. 

Pitts,  Rev.  Y.  R.,  was  born  in  Scott  Co.,  Ky., 
Nov.  8,  1812.  His  parents  were  Younger  and 
Elizabeth  T.  Pitts.  His  father  died  when  he  was 
but  twelve  years  of  age  ;  his  mother  was  left  a 
widow  witli  eight  children.  She  was  a  remark- 
able Christian  woman,  and  she  was  much  assisted 
by  her  son  ;  between  them  there  existed  a  tender 
relation  of  heart  devotion.  He  removed  to  Mis- 
souri in  18G0.  He  was  ordained  to  the  ministry 
of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  Georgetown,  Ky., 
Nov.  23,  1841.  The  ordaining  council  were  J.  D. 
Block,  .J.  M.  Frost,  Howard  Malcom,  D.D.,  presi- 
dent of  Georgetown  College,  K.  T.  Dillard,  B.  F. 
Kinney,  and  William  Craig.  He  was  pastor  at 
Elkhart,  Ky.,  thirteen  years.  He  labored  also  at 
Williamstown,  Blue  Creek,  and  elsewhere.  In 
Missouri  he  was  pastor  at  Fayette.  At  the  time 
of  his  death  he  was  about  to  enter  upon  an  agency 
for  William  Jewell  College.  He  died  at  Clinton, 
Mo.,  in  October,  1870,  to  which  place  he  had  gone 
to  attend  the  General  Association  of  Missouri.  A 
neat  marble  monument  marks  his  resting-place  in 
the  city  cemetery  at  Huntsville,  Mo.  He  was  a 
man  of  high  character,  and  a  faithful  minister  of 
Christ. 

Piatt,  Rev.  Edward  Francis,  was  born  at 

Schroon  Lake,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  16,  1821,  and  was  bap- 
tized into  the  fellowship  of  the  Baptist  church  of 
the  same  place  in  1838.  At  an  early  period  in  his 
Christian  life  he  made  choice  of  the  ministry,  and 
pursued  a  course  of  studies  under  the  instruction 
of  Rev.  AY.  W.  Moore,  of  Lansingburg,  N.  Y.  He 
commenced  preaching  in  Cairo,  N.  Y.,  in  1845, 
and  in  the  following  year  was  ordained  at  that  place 
to  the  work  of  the  ministry.  In  1S47  he  became 
pastor  of  the  First  church,  Catskill,  N.  Y.,  where 
he  labored  with  great  success  for  five  and  a  half 
years.  Being  obliged  by  ill  health  to  resign  this 
pastorate,  he  went  West,  and  in  18.53  became  pastor 
of  a  young  and  struggling  church  at  Toledo,  0., 
under  the  direction  of  the  Home  Mission  Society. 
Here  he  labored  with  untiring  zeal  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  Nov.  21,  1866.  During  this  period 
of  thirteen  years  he  won  the  hearts  of  all  by  his 
purity  of  life,  his  devotion  to  the  cause  of  Christ, 
and  his  pulpit  abilities.  His  death  was  felt  to  be 
a  great  loss  not  only  in  Toledo,  but  in  the  entire 
StMte. 

Poindexter,  Abram  Maer,  D.D.,  was  bom  in 
Bertie  Co.,  N.  C,  Sept.   22,  1809.     His  father  was 


,  POINDKXTEli 


924 


POLLARD 


the  Rev.  Richard  Poindextei-,  of  Louisa  Co.,  Va., 
who,  on  the  occasion  of  his  inai-riage  with  Mrs. 
Jordan,  of  North  Carolina,  removed  to  that  State. 
Young  Poindexter's  early  educational  advantages 
were  good,  and  he  applied  himself  ehisely  to  the 
ordinary  studies  preliminary  to  a  college  course. 
AVliile  still  quite  young  he  entered  the  Columbian 
College,  but  owing  to  feeble  health  his  studies 
there  were  interrupted,  and  after  a  brief  period  he 
was  compelled  to  abandon  them  and  return  to  his 
home.  In  1831  he  made  a  profession  of  religion  ; 
in  1832  he  was  licensed  to  preach,  and  in  1834  he 
was  ordained  to  the  work  of  the  gospel  ministry. 
For  some  time  before  his  ordination  he  was  the 
companion,  student,  and  co-laborer  of  the  Rev.  A. 
W.  Clopton,  the  popular  and  useful  pastor  of  Bap- 
tist churches  in  Charlotte  Co.,  Va.,  from  whose 
gifted  mind  and  heart,  as  well  as  varied  and  ripe 
experience  in  pastoral  duties,  lie  derived  valuable 
and  life-long  impressions  for  good.  /Juite  early  in 
life  Dr.  Poindexter  married  Mrs.  Eliza  Craddock, 
a  lady  of  great  excellence  of  character,  after  which 
he  resided  in  Halifax  Co.,  Va.,  where  most  of  his 
mature  life  was  spent.  From  the  very  beginning 
of  his  ministry  he  displayed  unusual  talents,  and 
was  esteemed  the  most  promising  young  minister 
.of  his  time.  As  a  preacher,  Dr.  Poindexter  was 
deservedly  held  in  very  high  regard,  especially 
with  large  out-door  assemblies,  such  as  convene  at 
Associational  meetings.  On  such  occasions  his 
preaching  was  frequently  distinguished  by  great 
fluency  and  power  of  speech,  unusual  vigor  and 
depth  of  thought,  a  beautiful  logical  consecutive- 
ness  in  the  development  of  truth,  and  .an  earnest- 
ness and  impetuosity  of  manner  that  swayed  and 
moved  the  masses  with  resistless  power.  As  a 
thinker  he  had  but  few  equals.  His  intellect  was 
clear,  active,  strong,  and  original.  His  thougiits 
were  pre-eminently  his  own.  He  called  no  man 
master,  excepting  always  the  great  Teacher.  As 
an  extemporaneous  debater  he  stood  almost  alone 
among  disputants  ;  and  so  accurate  was  his  metiiod, 
so  precise  his  arguments,  so  correct  his  style,  that 
a  verbatim  report  of  his  remarks  would  r.arely  re- 
quire the  least  revision  for  publication.  As  an 
agent  for  the  Columbian  and  Richmond  Colleges 
he  was  greatly  successful,  while  as  secretary  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Publication  Society,  and  al'ter- 
wards  as  co-secretary  of  the  Foreign  Mission  Board 
of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  he  won  a 
noble  reputation  for  energy  and  executive  ability. 
His  impressive  appeals  in  behalf  of  missions  and 
education  stimulated  the  zeal,  enlisted  the  interest, 
and  secured  the  oontril)utions  of  large  numbers 
throughout  the  South,  and  gave  an  impetus  to  those 
causes  which  they  still  feel.  Ho  was  a  man  of 
deep  convictions  and  intense  feeling.  His  words 
were  indeed  the  outer  image  of  his  inmost  soul. 


He  believed,  and  therefore  lie  spoke  ;  and  when  he 
spoke  men  had  no  hesitation  in  saying,  here  is  a 
Christian  man  who  will  part  with  his  life  rather 
than  with  his  convictions  of  right  and  duty.  Dr. 
Poindexter,  like  many  of  iiis  brethren  in  the  min- 
istry, was  called,  in-  the  providence  of  God,  to  pass 
through  dark  waters  of  affliction.  Two  promising 
sons  were  taken  from  him  during  the  war,  one  by 
the  accidental  discharge  of. his  own  pistol,  and  t^e 
other  at  the  head  of  his  company,  by  a  bullet  of  the 
enemy.  The  ravages  of  war  swept  away  his  estate  ;  ' 
and  to  crown  his  sorrows  his  estimable  wife  soon 
passed  away  fi-om  his  desolated  home,  leaving 
among  the  wrecks  an  only  daughter,  who  has 
since  died,  who  was  married  to  the  Rev.  J.  B.  Tay- 
lor, Jr.,  now  of  Wilmington,  N.  C.  In  1843  the 
Columbian  College  conferred  upon  him  the  degree 
of  D.U.     He  died  May  7,  1872. 

Pollard,  John,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Goochland  Co., 
Va.,  July  14.  1803.  The  maiden  name  of  his 
mother  was  Catherine  Robinson^  of  the  same  family 
with  Speaker  Roljinson,  of  the  house  of  burgesses 
of  Virginia,  who  was  presiding  over  that  body  ac 
the  time  Patrick  Henry  made  his  celel)rated  speech 
against  the  British  crown,  and  wiio  was  the  first  to 
cry  ''  treason  !"  when  the  great  orator  closed  with 
the  startling  utterance,  "  Caesar  had  his  Brutus, 
etc."  One  of  his  uncles  was  private  secretary  to- 
Chief-Justice  Marsljall,  and  one  of  his  aunts,  wife 
of  the  distinguished  Judge  Pendleton,  of  the  Vir- 
ginia Court  of  Appeals.  His  education  was  re- 
ceived in  a  school  at  Hanover  Court-House,  and 
comprised  the  ordinary  English  branches  and  some 
acquaintance  with  Latin.  He  learned  much  after- 
wards in  the  office  of  his  uncle,  R.  Pollard,  clerk 
of  King  and  Queen  Co.,  Va..  with  whom  he  served 
as  deputy  from  his  seventeenth  to  his  twenty-first 
year.  When  of  age  he  settled  in  King  and  Queen 
Ctfunty,  farming  and  practising  law.  In  1826  he 
was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Lower 
King  and  Queen  church  by  Rev.  Wm.  Todd.  Sub- 
sequently he  withdrew,  with  others,  to  form  tiie 
Mattapony  church,  of  which  he  continued  a  member 
until  his  death,  having  been  thirty-five  years  one 
of  its  deacons,  and  thirty-four  yeai-s  the  superin- 
tendent of  its  Sunday-school.  He  was  an  ardent 
supporter  of  denominational  enterprises,  and  was 
noted  for  his  hospitality,  especially  to  Baptist  min- 
isters, many  i>f  whom,  such  as  Lutiier  Rice.  Eli 
Bell,  Valentine  Mason,  Andrew  Broaddus,  and 
William  F.  Broaddus,  were  frequently  found  at  his 
clieerful  fireside.  He  was  at  different  times  com- 
missioner of  revenue,  a  justice  of  the  County  Court, 
and  high  sherifl'.  Mr.  Pollard  was  very  strong  in 
his  attachments  to  the  Columbian  College,  to  which 
he  contributed  lil)erally  and  frequently,  and  at 
which  institution  four  of  his  sons  were  educated  ; 
while  at  the  same   time  friendlv  to  other  institu- 


POLLARD 


925 


POOLS 


tions  of  le;irning.  IIo  \v;is  a  man  of  very  decided 
prinoiples,  and  of  remarkable  liveliness  of  toinper- 
Ainent.  He  died  Sept.  13,  1877.  It  is  a  noto- 
wortliy  fact,  that  of  his  seven  cliildreii  and  twenty- 
eight  i^randchildron  siirvivinj;  him,  all  that  have 
attained  the  age  of  twelve  years  are  useful  mem- 
bers cif  Baptist  churches. 

Pollard,  John,  D.D.,  son  of  John  Pollard  and 
Juliet  Jeffries,  sister  of  Judge  J.  M.  Jefiries,  of  the 
second  judicial  circuit  of  Virginia,  was  born  Nov. 
17,  18.'5'J,  in  King  and  (^ueen  Co.,  Va.  He  began 
ills  education  at  Steveiisville  Academy,  and  com- 
pleted it  at  tiie  CoUunbian  Colh^go,  Washington, 
D.  C,  where  he  graduated  with  the  highest  honors 
in  1860.  After  his  graduation  he  remained  as  tutor 
•of  Greek  and  Latin  in  the  college  du/ing  the  session 
of  1S6U-C1,  and  also  took  a  private  course  in  the- 
ology under  Rev.  (i.  W.  Samson,  D.I).,  at  that  time 
president  of  the  college.  He  was  ordained  to  the 
ministry  July  14,  ISfil,  and  became  pastor  of  Her- 
mitage and  Clarke's  Neck  churches,  Middlesex  Co., 
Va.,  with  which  he  remained  nine  years,  until  Octo- 
ber, 1870,  when  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  pastorate 
of  Lee  Street  Baptist  church,  Baltimore.  Mr.  Pol- 
lard has  published  a  compendious  history  of  th(! 
Lee  Street  church,  and  was  appointed  by  the  E.x- 
ecutive  Board  of  the  Maryland  Union  Association 
to  finish  the  "  History  of  the  Churches"  connected 
with  that  body,  begun  by  the  late  Dr.  G.  F.  Adams, 
in  which  desirable  work  considerable  progress  has 
been  made,  lie  has  contributed  occasional  articles 
also  to  the  religious  papers.  For  three  successive 
sessions  of  the  Maryland  Union  Association,  em- 
bracing not  only  the  churches  of  the  whole  of 
^Maryland,  but  also  those  of  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia, he  has  been  its  efficient  moderator.  The 
■Columbian  College  conferral  upon  him,  in  1867, 
the  degree  of  A.M.  in  course,  and  in  1877  the  de- 
gree of  D.l).  In  1880,  Dr.  Pollard  became  a  pastor 
in  Richmond,  Va.,  leaving  throngs  of  friends  in 
Baltimore. 

Pomeroy,  Caleb  M.,  was  born  at  old  Salem, 
Mass.,  .Vug.  8,  ISK).  His  father  died  when  he  was 
nine  years  of  age.  In  1831  he  removeil  to  Cincin- 
nati. He  became  a  resident  of  (iuincy.  111.,  in 
1837,  and  that  city  has  since  been  his  home. 
During  twenty-four  years  he  was  a  successful 
pork-packer ;  then  for  fourteen  years  president  of 
tiie  First  National  Bank  in  Quincy.  In  1S42  he 
united  with  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Quinc}', 
and  was  elected  one  of  its  deacons  in  the  same 
year.  His  membership  and  office  he  continued  to 
hold  until  1857,  when  he  united  with  others  in 
forming  the  Vermont  Street  church,  whore  again 
he  was  called  to  the  office  of  deacon.  For  thirty- 
throe  years  he  was  a  teacher  in  the  Sunday-school. 
Mr.  Pomeroy  has  always  been  a  very  liberal  man, 
giving   largely  to    many  and   various    objects    of 


Christian  enterprise,  in  the  time  when  his  busi- 
ness prospered  making  these  gifts  in  hundreds  and 
thousands  of  dollars.  Reverses  in  business  have 
reduced  his  ability,  but  in  no  degree  affected  his 
interest  or  his  readiness  to  give.  He  is,  and  has 
always  boon,  a  pillar  in  the  cliuroh. 

Pools  of  Jerusalem. — Of  all  cities  of  antiquity, 
in  proportion  to  area  and  population,  Jerusalem 
seems  to  have  been  the  most  abundantly  supplied 
with  water.  In  the  worst  straits  of  siege,  drought, 
or  famine,  during  its  checkered  and  eventful  his- 
tory, it  seems  never  to  have  suffered  from  such  a 
curtailment  of  its  water-supply  as  to  amount  to  a 
serious  calamity.  While  there  is  no  stream  in  the 
near  vicinity  of  the  city  to  account  for  this  abun- 
dance, the  Kedron  being  })ut  a  brook  in  name,  yet 
such  sources  of  supply  as  were  available  seem  to 
have  been  so  utilized  that  the  city  could  always  be 
guarded  against  so  grave  an  evil  as  an  inadequate 
supply  of  water.  The  sources  of  this  supply  were 
the  natural  springs  without,  and  perhaps  within 
the  city,  and  the  drainage  of  the  winter  rains, 
gathered  into  public  and  private  pools,  tanks,  wells, 
and  cisterns.  In  most  cases  the  ultimate  and  most 
copious  source  of  supply  for  the  larger  reservoirs 
were  the  springs  or  fountains  mentioned.  For  or- 
dinary domestic  uses  the  winter  rains  seem  to  have 
been  stored  in  private  cisterns  and  tanks.  Public 
institutions  appear  to  have  had  larger  cisterns  and 
reservoirs  for  their  special  wants.  Modern  explora- 
tion beneath  the  traditional  temple  area  has  fully 
brought  to  light  the  elaborate  system  of  water-sup- 
ply for  the  wants  of  the  ancient  temple  service  and 
worshipers.  But  the  public  reservoirs  or  pools, 
to  which  we  now  confine  our  attention,  were  the 
receptacles  where  the  waters  were  most  abun- 
dantly collected,  and  most  freely  used  by  the  peo- 
ple. Outside  the  walls  of  the  modern  citj'  traces 
of  several  large  pools  can  now  be  discerned  which 
indicate  their  early  existence  ;  but  those  that  re- 
main, in  their  varying  degrees  of  preservation,  fully 
show  the  important  part  they  must  have  performed 
in  the  water-supply  of  the  city.  For  the  purposes 
of  convenience  we  inay  begin  at  the  large  pool 
located  in  a  valley  or  basin  to  the  northwest  of  the 
modern  city.  This  pool  was  most  probably  built 
by  Solomon,  and  is  characterized  Ijy  the  prophet 
Isaiah  as  "  the  old  pool'*  (Isaiah  xxii.  1 1),  and  also 
as  "  the  upper  pool,  which  is  in  the  highway  of  the 
fuller's  field"  (2  Kings  xviii.  17).  It  is  excavated 
out  of  the  earth  and  limestone  rock,  the  walls,  like 
these  structures  in  general,  being  built  up  of  stones 
and  cement.  Here,  by  the  conduit  of  this  upper 
pool  (2  Kings  xviii.  17).  the  envoys  of  the  king  of 
As.syria  stood  when  they  delivered  the  message  of 
tlioir  master  to  Ilezekiah.  Dr.  Robinson  carefully 
measured  this  pool,  and  found  the  length  310  feet; 
breadth.  2IS    foot  at  one  end.  and  200  feet  at  the 


POOLS 


926 


POOLS 


other,  with  a  depth  of  18  feet.  Steps  were  found 
at  the  corners  leading  down  to  the  bottom  of  the 
reservoir.  Originally,  the  pool  received  most  of  its 
supply,  in  all  probability,  from  the  neighboring 
springs  or  fountains  that  the  ting  sealed  when  tlie 
city  was  besieged  during  his  reign ;  but  now  the 
drainage  of  the  winter  rains  from  the  adjacent  hills 
appears  to  be  the  only  source  of  supply.  From  the 
dilapidated  condition  of  the  pool,  this,  however, 
soon  disappears. '  At  the  northwest  angle  of  the 
city,  within  the  modern  walls,  and  near  the  Church 
of  the  Holy  Sepulchre,  is  the  "  Pool  of  Ilezekiah," 
supposed  to  be  referred  to  in  2  Kings  xx.  20,  where 
the  king  is  represented  as  making  a  pool  and  con- 
duit, and  bringing  water  into  the  city.  The  mod- 
ern name  is  Birket-el-Hummam, — the  Pool  of  the 
Bath, — from  its  supplying  a  neighboring  bath. 
During  the  rainy  season  the  water  is  brought  down 
from  the  Upper  Pool  referred  to  by  a  small  aque- 
duct that  enters  the  city  near  the  Yafa  Gate.  In 
October,  1871,  when  the  wyriter  of  the  present  arti- 
cle saw  this  pool,  the  quantity  of  water  did  not  suf- 
fice to  cover  the  floor,  vvhich  sloped  considerably 
from  north  to  south.  At  the  northwest  angle  there 
is  the  usual  descent  by  steps  to  the  bottom  of  the 
reservoir.  The  people  of  the  neighborhood,  at  the 
present  time,  fi-eely  use  the  pool  to  wash  and  fill 
their  water-jars.  The  length  of  the  pool,  accord- 
ing to  Dr.  Robinson, 'is  240  feet;  its  breadth,  144 
feet.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the  city,  north  of  the 
Mosque  of  Omar,  and  neai-  the  eastern  wall,  is  an 
immense  excavation,  with  walls  of  stone  and  ce- 
ment, known  as  Birket  Israel,  or  Pool  of  Israel. 
Almost  uniform  tradition  identifies  the  modern 
Birket  Israel  as  the  "  Pool  of  Bethesda,"  in  our 
Lord's  time  described  as  having  five  porches,  and 
where  he  performed  a  striking  miracle. — John  v. 
2-7.  Dr.  Robinson,  though  standing  alone  among 
ancient  and  modern  authorities  in  his  views  re- 
specting the  identity  >  of  the  modern  pool  with 
"  Bethesda,"  yet  admits  that  it  was  once  used  as  a 
reservoir.  The  limits  of  this  article  will  not  permit 
any  reference  in  detail  to  the  testimony  of  such 
witnesses  as  Eusebius,  Jerome,  and  others,  who 
describe  the  pool  as,  in  their  time,  divided  into  two 
sections,  filled  with  water,  but  evidently  the  same 
structure  as  the  single  pool  that  in  our  Lord's  day 
was  surrounded  by  covered  colonnades.  In  super- 
ficial area  this  pool  covers  more  than  an  acre  of 
ground.  It  is  3G0  feet  long,  130  feet  broad,  and 
75  fefet  deep,  now  partly  choked  with  rubbish. 
Emerging  from  St.  Stephen's  Gate,  and  passing  a 
short  distance  down  the  bed  of  the  Kedron,  the 
modern  traveler  comes  to  a  natural  cave  or  grotto, 
from  the  bottom  of  which,  reached  by  a  flight  of 
steps  cut  in  the  rock,  issues  a  copious  supply  of 
water.  This  fountain  at  present  is  known  as  the 
"Fountain  of  tiie  Virgin,"  and  is  the  same,  in  all 


pi-obability,  as  the  King's  Pool  mentioned  by  Nehe- 
miah. — Xeh.  ii.  14.  The  general  dimensions  of  the 
grotto  are  15  feet  in  length,  5  or  6  feet  in  width, 
and  6  or  8  feet  in  height.  The  water  in  the  basin 
varies  in  depth  from  one  to  three  feet,  but  can  be 
indefinitely  increased  in  quantit}'  by  slightly  dam- 
ming or  obstructing  the  outlet.  This  fountain  is 
much  resorted  to  by  the  poorer  classes  of  the  mod- 
ern city.  Recent  discoveries  leave  little  room  to 
doubt  that  the  "  Fountain  of  the.  Virgin"  derives  its 
supply  from  the  reservoirs  beneath  the  temple  area,* 
in  turn  replenished,  it  is  believed,  by  subterranean 
conduits,  not  yet  discovered,  from  the  springs  that 
were  sealed  by  King  Ilezekiah  when  the  ancient 
city  was  besieged.  By  an  underground  passage  of 
little  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  mile  in  length,  the 
"  Fountain  of  the  Virgin"  pours  its  surplus  waters 
into  the  Birket-es-Sihvan, — the  ancient  "  Pool  of 
Siloani."  Accepting  the  measurement  of  Dr.  Bar- 
clay, the  pool  is  17  feet  at  the  upper  end,  14J  feet 
at  the  lower,  and  18J  feet  \rt  depth.  It  is  now 
never  filled,  the  water  easily  passing  through  it  by 
-an  outlet  at  the  lower  end.  The  walls  are  very 
much  out  of  repair,  so  that  it  would  be  impossible 
for  the  pool,  under  existing  circumstances,  to  be 
charged  with  the  volume  of  water  it  must  have 
originally  received.  A  short  distance  back  of  the 
pool,  up  the  hill,  is  a  smaller  reservoir,  6  or  8 
feet  wide  by  8  or  IQ  feet  in  length.  This  tank  re- 
ceives first  the  overflow  from  the  "  Fountain  of  the 
Virgin,"  and  then  pours  it  into  the  adjoining  "  Pool 
of  Siloam."'  The  bottom  of  this  upper  basin,  or 
that  of  the  adjacent  pool  itself,  may  be  reached  by 
a  flight  of  steps,  and  the  water  graduated  in  depth 
by  temporarily  damming  the  outlet  of  one  or  the 
other.  "  The  Lower  Pool  of  Gilion,"  situated  to  the 
west  of  the  city,  in  the  valley  of  that  name,  and 
now  known  as  Birket-es-Sultan,  was  the  largest  in 
or'near  the  city.  This  pool,  or  lake,  was  formed 
by  damming  up  the  bed  of  the  valley,  so  as  to  con- 
fine the  overflow  of  the  Upper  Pool,  described  as 
situated  to  the  northwest  of  the  city.  Dams  across 
the  valley  form  the  ends,  while  its  bed.  sloping 
gently  on  either  side,  forms  the  sides  of  this  im- 
mense reservoir.  By  a  careful  measurement.  Dr. 
Robinson  found  the  length  along  the  centre,  592 
feet ;  the  breadth  at  the  north  end,  245  feet ;  at 
the  south,  275  feet.  Tiie  depth  at  the  north  end 
is  35  feet;  at  the  south.  42  feet.  This  pool  owes 
its  construction  most  probablj'  to  Ilezekiah,  and 
may  be  referred  to  in  2  Chron.  xxxii.  30.  It  is 
now  dry,  and  is  not  unfrequently  used  as  a  corral 
for  camels.  In  the  time  of  the  Crusades,  from  the 
accounts  that  have  been  transmitted,  it  was  abun- 
dantly charged  with  water,  and  appears  to  have 
been  a  great  watering-place  for  horses.  From  the 
Upjier  Pool,  the  rains,  and  the  aqueduct  passing 
near  by  from  the  pools  near  Bethleliem,  the  volume 


POOLS 


927 


POPE 


of  water  in  this  great  reservoir,  derived  from  these 
several  sources,  must  have  been  jjractically  inex- 
haustible. This,  of  course,  could  have  only  been 
the  case  when  the  pools  and  aqueducts  were  very 
different  in  condition  and  repair  from  that  seen  at 
the  present  day. 

In  any  enumeration  of  the  j)ul>lic  pools  of  the 
ancient  city  mention  at  least  must  be  made  of 
three  immense  pools  situated  near  Bethlehem,  con- 
structed by  Solomon,  and  known  as  "  Solomon's 
Pools.''  They  are  fed  by  natural  springs  in  the 
vicinity.  They  were  built  for  the  use  of  the  Holy 
City,  and  as  they  now,  by  an  aqueduct,  send  their 
wholesome  waters  within  its  walls,  so  in  the  past 
they  must  have  played  an  important  part  in  the 
water  resources  of  the  city. 

The  pools  in  or  near  Jerusalem  known  to  have 
existed  in  the  time  of  our  Lord,  where  they  can 
with  sufficient  positiveness  be  identified,  have  now 
been  considered.  That  they  were  all  in  good  re- 
pair and  thoroughly  fitted,  in  the  days  of  the  Apos- 
tles, to  serve  the  purposes  of  their  construction, 
there  is  scarcely  reason  to  doubt ;  for  a  generation 
had  not  elapsed  since  Herod  carefully  repaired  and 
strengthened  the  pools  and  reservoirs  in  and  near 
the  capital  of  his  kingdom.  The  assumption  by 
Pcdobaptists  that  the  rite  of  immersion  could  not 
have  been  administered  in  connection  with  the 
301)0  converts  of  I'entccost  on  a  single  day,  because 
there  could  have  been  no  facilities  for  baptism  on 
such  a  scale,  is  not  only  untenable,  but  preposterous 
in  the  ligiit  of  what  has  been  advanced.  Those 
pools  at  that  time,  even  under  unfavorable  circum- 
stances, must  not  only  have  contained  a  sufficient 
depth  of  water  for  the  purpose,  but,  as  a  necessary 
appliance,  steps  appear  to  have  been  built  for 
entering  them.  In  the  case  of  the  largest  of  them, 
tlie  "Lower  Pool  of  Gihon,"  the  sloping  sides  of 
the  valley  were  peculiarly  fitted  for  entering  the 
pool  to  any  reipiired  depth.  The  multitude  of 
sick  people  lingering  and  waiting  at  the  "  Pool  of 
Bethesda"  when  the  impotent  man  was  healed, 
indicates  that  in  one  of  the  largest  reservoirs, 
if  it  does  not  establish  the  fact  respecting  the 
Dthers,  the  people  were  accustomed  freely  to  enter. 
Even  now  the  comparatively  small  basin  at  the 
bottom  of  the  "  Fountain  of  the  Virgin"  would  fur- 
nish an  excellent  baptistery,  if  there  were  need  of 
so  employing  it.  The  "  Pool  of  Siloam"  near  by, 
must  have  been,  as  it  would  be  now  if  in  repair, 
still  better  fitted  for  the  purpose.  Moreover,  the 
sloping  floors  of  "'  the  Upper  Pool  of  Gihon"'  and 
the  neighboring  "  Pool  of  Hezekiah"  show  con- 
clusively that  these  pools  could  be  entered  to  any 
depth  suitable  for  bathing,  and  hence  for  immer- 
sion. The  first  converts  appear  at  the  outset  to 
have  worshiped  in  the  temple  unmolested.  "They 
grew  in  favor  with  all  the  people.''     Popular  sym- 


pathy was  with  them.  The  spirit  of  intolerance 
had  hardly  begun  to  manifest  itself,  as  it  did  so 
virulently  afterwards.  It  is  not  likely,  therefore, 
there  was  any  opposition  to  the  use  of  the  public 
pools  in  administering  the  rite  of  baptism  to  the 
Pentecostal  converts,  or  the  multitudes  subse- 
quently. In  the  "  Lower  Pool  of  Gihon"  alone, — 
the  largest,  and  the  one  perhaps  most  extensively 
used, — with  the  Apostles  and  the  Seventy  as  possi- 
ble administrators,  any  reasonable  objection  against 
the  immersion  of  the  3000  on  the  day  of  Pentecost, 
or  any  number  later,  at  once  vanishes  ;  and  when 
the  facilities  furnished  by  the  other  pools  are  taken 
into  consideration,  the  absurdity  of  the  objections 
against  the  immersion  of  a  large  number,  as  to 
time  and  quantity  of  water,  becomes  still  more 
apparent. 

Pope,  Rev.  George, — This  useful  minister  was 
pastor  of  Abbott's  Creek  Church,  Davidson  Co,, 
N,  C.  He  was  repeatedly  moderator  of  the  Sandy 
Creek  Association,  and  during  the  great  revival 
of  1800  baptized  500  persons.  He  baptized  the 
elder  Dr.  W.  T.  Brantly  into  the  fellowship  of 
May's  chapel. 

Pope,  John  Francis,  was  bom  in  New  Bedford, 
Mass.,  Jan.  12"J,  182.3 ;  was  converted  at  the  age  of 
sixteen,  and  baptized  l)y  Dr.  Henry  Jackson.  He 
was  a  graduati!  of  Harvard.  Mr.  Pope  was  among 
the  early  pioneers  to  California,  arriving  there  in 
August,  1849,  and,  with  his  wife,  joined  the  First 
Baptist  church,  San  Francisco,  and  became  one  of 
its  most  influential  members,  holding  the  position 
of  deacon  from  July,  18.')4,  twenty-five  years.  He 
occupied  important  positions  in  the  school  depart- 
ment of  the  city,  and  assisted  in  establishing  its 
high  schools.  In  denominational  matters  he  held 
high  official  positions  in  the  Associations,  Conven- 
tions, and  college  boards,  and  did  much  to  impress 
upon  the  State  his  own  character  as  a  Christian 
and  an  enlightened  Baptist.  At  the  quarter  cen- 
tennial of  the  organization  of  the  San  Francisco 
Baptist  Association,  in  1874,  he  was  the  moderator. 

Pope,  Rev.  0.  C,  the  managing  editor  of  the 
Texan  Baptist  Herald,  was  born  Feb.  15,  1842,  in 
Washington  Co.,  Ga. ;  was  educated  at  Mercer 
University,  Penfield,  Ga.,  and  graduated  regularly 
froui  its  theol<5gical  department ;  connected  him- 
self with  the  Baptist  church  in  August,  1858. 
Since  entering  the  ministry  he  has  served  Louis- 
ville church,  Ga.,  Morristown,  Tenn.,  and  Central 
Baptist  church,  Nashville,  Tenn.  He  has  acted  as 
secretary  of  Mercer  Association,  Ga.,  Nolachucky 
Association,  Tenn.,  and  corresponding  and  record- 
ing secretary  of  the  General  Association  of  East 
Tennessee.  He  founded  and  edited  for  two  years 
the  Baptist  Refiectnr,  at  Xashvillc,  Tenn.  He  is 
in  the  vigor  of  his  manhood,  and  ])romises  to  make 
the  Herald  a  power  for  good  in  Texas. 


PORTER 


92S 


POST 


Porter,  Rev.  William,  was  Ijorn  in  Erie  Co., 
Pa.,  May  o,  1803,  oC  Congregational  parents;  was 
married,  converted,  and  baptized  in  Delaware  Co., 
0. ;  joined  the  Mill  Creek  cluu-ch,  and  was  ordained 
by  it  in  1838.  lie  was  pastoj"  and  missionary  .in 
and  around  the  region  of  the  church  till  1847, 
wiien  he  moved  to  Oregon,  settled  on  the  "  AVest 
Plain,"  near  Forest  Grove;  served  the  West  Union 
cliurch, — the  first  Baptist  church  organized  west 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains, — the  West  Tualatin  and 
other  eliurclies,  and  for  twenty  years  kept  alive 
(with  the  aid  of  Deacon  D.  T.  Lenox)  the  Baptist 
denomination  in  the  lower  part  of  the  Willamette 
Valley,  west  of  the  river.  He  was  both  doctrinal 
and  practical,  extempore  and  pathetic,  swaying  his 
hearers  with  a  wonderful  power.  Having  done 
much  work  for  Christ,  he  died  Nov.  29,  1872, 
mourned  by  a/  multitude  who  revered  him  as  their 
spiritual  father  and  guide  in  religious  life. 

Posey,  Rev.  Humphrey,  an  eminent  Baptist 
minister,  was  distinguished  for  his  benevolent  spirit 


REV.    ni  AIIMIKEV    I'OSEV. 

and  great  abilities.  lie  was  above  the  ordinary 
size,  with  a  large  frame  and  fine  face  and  head. 
Born  in  Henry  Co.,  A'a.,  Jan.  12.  1780.  lie  com- 
menced preaching  in  1803,  and  was  ordained  in 
1805,  in  Buncombe  Co.,  N.  C,  and,  among  others, 
pre'aciied  to  the  Cherokee  Indians.  Ho  was  regu- 
larly appointed  a  missionary  to  the  Chorokecs  at 
Valley  Town,  in  North  Carolina,  by  the  Baptist 
Mission  Board,  of  Philadclpliia,  in  1817.  and  main- 
tained his  connection  with  the  mission  until  1824. 
accomplishing  great  good.     In    1824  lie  s(>ttled  in 


Ciierokee,  Ga.,  and  became  a  very  successful  agent 
for  the  Ilearn  School,  relieving  it  of  much  pecuniary 
embarrassment.  In  1844  he  married  a  second  time, 
and  removed  to  Xewnan,  where  he  died,  Dec.  28. 
1846.  Dr.  J.  II.  Campbell,  in  his  '^  Georgia  Bap- 
tists," records  it  "  as  his  deliberate  conviction  that 
Humphrey  Posey  was  naturalh-  one  of  the  greatest 
men,  and,  for  his  limited  opportunities,  one  of  tlie 
greatest  preacliers  he  has  ever  known.  His  per-son, 
his  countenance,  his  voice,  the  throes  of  his  gigantic 
mind,  the  conceptions  of  his  large  Cliristian  soul.  , 
— all  proclaimed  him  great.''  The  first  time  Dr. 
Campbell  ever  met  him  was  at  the  Georgia  Baptist 
Convention,  in'lSS.j,  near  Penfield,  and  the  doctor 
says,  "  Such  men  as  Mercer,  Sanders,  Dawson. 
Thornton,  Mallary,  Brooks,  and  otiiers  were  there, 
but  Posey  was  a  giant  among  them  all."'  Dr.  C. 
D.  ]Mallary  wrote  and  published  a  "  Life  of  Hum- 
phrey Posey."' 

Post,  Rev.  Albert  L.,  was  born  in  1809,  at 
Montrose,  Pa.  Montrose  was  founded  in  1800  by 
Capt.  Bartlett  Hinds,  who  survived  the  storming 
of  Stony  Point,  a  worthy  pioneer  magistrate  and 
"Baptist.  His  daughter,  Susanna,  and  his  step- 
son, Maj.  Isaac  Post,  were  the  parents  of  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch.  He  was  educated  at  Union 
College,  Schenectady,  N.  Y. :  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  and  soon  after  became  prosecuting  attorney 
for  Susquehanna  County.  In  1836  he  started 
The   Spectator,    a    }faper   devoted    to    the  freedom 


KEV.   ALBERT    1..  TOST. 


of  tlic  colored  race.      In    1841    he   was   ordained 
to  the  ministry  at  Montrose,  which  has  still  con- 


P0S7' 


9'_".l 


roTTHIl 


tinued  to  bo  his  residence.  lie  has  rendered  val- 
uable service  in  protr.acted  meetings  and  in  par- 
tial pastorates.  He  v>ras  president  for  many  years 
of  "The  American  Baptist  Free  Mission  Society," 
in  whose  interests  he  visited  England.  He  is  a 
vigorou.s  opponent  of  secret  societies.  Mr.  Post  is 
a  man  of  mind  and  a  model  of  Christian  integrity. 
He  would  suffer  the  loss  of  everytiiing,  and  the 
worst  form  of  death,  ratlier  than  sacrifice  a  prin- 
ciple. Stern,  the  embodiment  of  the  martyr  spirit, 
with  <a  keen  intellect  and  a  generous  heart,  all  men 
love  him,  tliough  not  a  few  differ  from  his  opinions. 
Peniisylvatiia  never  had  a  ])urer  Baptist. 

Post,  Rev.  John.  Clark,  vvas  born  at  Montpel- 
ier,  Vt.,  April  2U,  1S14:  spent  most  of  his  child- 
hood and  early  youth  in  Connecticut;  went  West 
in  1832;  was  converted  and  baptized  into  the  fel- 
lowship of  the  Baptist  church  of  Aurora,  Ind.  (the 
pastor  being  Rev.  Jesse  L.  Holinan),  on  Nov.  4, 
1838;  was  licensed  there  to  preach  in  1839; 
was  ordained  at  Cliarlestown.  Ind.,  in  1840.  He 
has  been  pastor  at  Cliarlestown,  Franklin,  Del- 
phi, and  other  places  in  Indiana  ;  of  Aledo,  Edg- 
ington,  Andalusia,  and  other  churches  in  Illinois, 
and  was  settled  at  Fort  Scott,  Wichita,  Hutch- 
inson, and  other  places  in  Kansas :  has  been 
blessed  with  extensive  revivals,  and  built  several 
meeting-houses.  At  sixty-six  years  of  age  he  en- 
joys good  health,  and  occupies  an  extensive  mis- 
sion field  in  Southwest  Kansas. 

Potter,  Albert  K.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Coventry, 
R.  I.,  and  was  a  graduate  of  Brown  University  in 
the  class  of  ISfiQ.  He  studied  at  the  Newton  Theo- 
logical Institution,  and  was  ordained  Sept.  27,  1860, 
as  pastor  of  South  Berwick,  Me.,  where  he  re- 
mained for  four  years.  He  removed  to  Spring- 
field, Mass.,  in  18G4,  and  became  pastor  of  the 
State  Street  church  in  that  city.  He  has  held  this 
position  ever  since. 

Dr.  Potter  is  endowed  with  a  fine  intellect, 
whose  vigorous  power  is  unsurpassed  in  the  State 
which  his  labors  have  long  blessed.  His  reading 
extends  over  a  very  wide  range  ;  lie  is  one  of  the 
most  cultured  men  in  the  Baptist  ministry  ;  his 
usefulness  in  Springfield  and  in  the  denomination 
generally  is  very  great.  As  a  writer  he  is  regarded 
with  admiration.  The  friends  of  truth  wish  him  a 
long  life  for  the  exercise  of  his  great  tiilents  in  the 
Master's  cause. 

Potter,  Rev.  C.  W.,  was  born  in  Voluntown, 
Conn.,  in  1821  ;  at  the  age  of  fourteen  united 
with  the  Baptist  Church  ;  baptized  by  Dr.  A.  G. 
Palmer, — his  first  candidate  ;  studied  in  Bacon 
Academy  ;  licensed  in  Colchester  in  1842  ;  preached 
two  years  in  East  Iladdam  ;  ordained  at  Avon, 
Sept.  23,  1840  ;  subsequent  settlements  were  at 
North  Haven,  Cromwell,  Lee,  and  Sturbridge, 
Mass. ;  at  Willington,  SuflSeld,  and  other  places  in 


Connecticut;  has  had  five  sons  and  a  daughter; 
one  son,  Rev.  George  B.,  was  pastor  of  B;iptist 
church  in  Ashland,  but  is  now  dead  ;  one  son,  Rev. 
Lester  L.,  is  now  pastor  at  Everett,  Mass. 

Potter,  Rev.  Daniel  C,  v?as  bom  in  Stoning- 
ton.  Conn.,  March  15,  18,')0.  He  was  baptized 
in  Jersey  City  in  ISf)'),  into  the  North  church.  He 
graduated  at  Madison  University  in  1873,  and  was 
settled  and  ordained  ;is  pastor  in  the  Sixth  Street 
Baptist  church.  New  York,  in  1873. 

Special  public  attention  has  been  called  to  him 
by  his  series  of  illustrated  lectures,  by  the  aid 
of  stereopticon  views,  on  European  manners,  art, 
and  architecture.  By  travcd  abroad  and  by  corre- 
spondence he  has  secured  fihotographs  of  rivers, 
pools,  and  baptisteries  in  Oriental  countries,  which, 
with  the  temples  connected  with  them,  make  his 
lectures  on  the  mode  of  baptism  of  the  ancients  in- 
teresting and  convincing.  By  an  invention  of  his 
own,  not  yet  disclosed,  his  magic  lantern  gives  a 
better  representation  than  any  other  in  use.  His 
pastorate  in  Sixth  Street  is  successful,  and  promises 
to  be  a  long  one.  For  several  years  he  has  officiated 
as  secretary  of  the  New  York  Baptist  Ministers' 
Conference.  Mr.  Potter's  ministry  is  marked  by 
talent  and  spirituality. 

Potter,  Deacon  Giles,  son  of  Elisha  P.  and 

Abigail  (Lathrop)  Potter,  was  Ijorn  in  Lisbon, 
Conn.,*  Feb.  22,  1829;  educated  in  common  schools 
and  at  Leicester  Academy,  Mass.,  and  graduated 
at  York  College  in  18.55,  and  converted  in  same 
year;  baptized  by  Rev.  S.  D.  Pheljis,  D.I).,  and 
united  with  First  Baptist  church  in  New  Haven  ; 
taught  in  the  academy  in  East  Hartford,  in  Con- 
necticut Literary  Institution,  Suffield,  and  in  Hill's 
Academy  and  Essex  Seminary ;  chosen  superin- 
tendent of  Sunday-school  in  Essex  in  1800.  and  re- 
mains in  that  position  to  the  present  (1880)  ;  chosen 
deacon  in  1805,  and  now  holds  the  office;  repre- 
sented Essex  in  the  Legislature  for  three  years, — 
from  1870  to  1873;  selectman  and  justice  of  peace 
in  Essex  ;  school  visitor  for  fourteen  years  ;  elected 
in  1873  agent  of  State  board  of  education,  and 
still  holds  the  position  ;  of  marked  abilities,  energy, 
prudence,  and  fidelity. 

Potter,  Rev.  Lester  Lewis,  son  of  Rev.  C.  W. 

Potter,  was  born  in  Colebrook,  Conn.,  March  30, 
1858;  educated  at  Connecticut  Literary  Institu- 
tion, and  at  Rochester,  N.  Y.  ;  baptized  at  the  age 
often;  licensed  by  the  Baptist  church  in  Willing- 
ton,  Conn.,  at  the  age  of  sixteen  ;  during  studies 
at  Rochester  supplied  churches  in  Avon  and  West 
Somerset,  N.  Y. ;  in  April,  1879,  settled  with  the 
Baptist  church  in  Everett,  Mass. 

Potter,  Rev.  Walter  McD.,  was  a  native  of 

Rhode  Islatui.  lie  graduated  the  second  in  his 
class  in  Brown  University,  and  pursued  his  theo- 
logical studies  in  Andover  and  Rochester.     He  was 


POTTER 


930 


POTTS 


the  first  Baptist  minister  in  Colorado.  The  Bap- 
tist churcli  at  Denver  was  gathered  under  his  labors. 
lie  collected  the  means  for,  and  superintended  in 
the  construction  of,  the  basement  of  the  first  Bap- 


REV.  WALTER    m'd.   POTTER. 

tist  house  of  worship,  when  his  health  failed  ;  he 
returned  to  Providence,  where  he  died,  April  9, 
1866,  aged  twenty-nine  years  and  eleven  months. 
Few  men  have,  accomplished  so  much  in  so  short 
a  time.  With  a  remarkable  foresight  he  secured 
lands  in  and  around  Denver,  which  he  bequeathed 
to  the  Home  and  Foreign  Mission  Societies,  out  of 
which  they  will  realize  together  probably  nearly 
$100,000.  On  account  of  the  great  interest  that  he 
felt  in  the  Denver  church,  the  Home  Mission  So- 
ciety has  transferred  a  large  portion  of  its  share  of 
their  legacy  to  this  church,  which  has  enabled  it 
to  pay  some  §12,000  of  debts,  leaving  a  handsome 
balance  of  about  as  much  more  as  a  beginning  to- 
wards the  erection  of  another  church  edifice  as  a 
monument  to  its  founder's  memory.  He  was  noted 
for  positive  convictions  and  a  conscientious  adher- 
ence to  what  he  believed  to  be  duty.  He  had  tact 
to  adapt  himself  to  circumstances,  so  as  to  be  suc- 
cessful in  whatever  he  undertook.  His  life  was 
brief,  but  long  enough  to  form  an  established  char- 
acter as  an  able,  devoted  servant  of  Jesus  Christ. 

Potter,  Hon.  William  H.,  was  born  on  Potter 
Hill,  in  the  town  of  Westerly,  R.  I.,  Aug.  26,  1810. 
His  father,  Col.  Henry  Potter,  commanded  the  ;]d 
R.  I.  Regiment  in  the  war  of  1812.  Col.  Potter 
was  a  warm  friend  of  education,  and  he  took  great 
pains  to  secure  its  advantages  for  his  only  son,  Wil- 


liam. He  sent  him  to  Yale  College,  after  he  had 
been  for  years  at  schools  and  academies,  that  he 
might  receive  the  best  culture  that  New  England 
could  impart.  He  was  compelled,  through  im- 
paired sight,  to  leave  Yale  before  he  graduated,  but 
that  instiiution  recognized  his  literary  standing, 
and  in  18.52  bestowed  upon  him  the  honorarv 
degree  of  A.M. 

For  many  years  he  made  teaching  his  profession, 
and  he  obtained  such  a  measure  of  success  in  that 
calling  as  cheered  himself  and  gratified  his  friends.  • 
and  bound  the  hearts  of  throngs  of  the  youn^  to 
him  f(ir  life. 

By  President  Lincoln  he  was  appointed  assistant 
United  States  assessor  of  internal  revenue,  an  office 
which  he  held  for  several  j"ears.  He  was  State  sena- 
tor in  the  Connecticut  Legislature  from  the  seventh 
district  for  some  time,  and  during  that  period  his 
great  worth  as  an  instructor  was  abundantly  proved. 
He  was  appointed  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
education,  and  took  an  important  part  in  the  re- 
vision of  the  school  code  of  his  adopted  State.  So 
.satisfactory  were  his  labors  in  connection  with 
legislation  for  education  that  he  was  appointed  one 
of  the  four  elective  members  of  the  State  board  of 
education.  This  position  he  held  for  two  successive 
terms  of  four  years  each.  He  is  now  judge  of  pro- 
bate for  the  district  in  which  he  resides.  He  has 
been  for  many  years  a  deacon  of  the  Union  Baptist 
church  of  Mystic  River,  Conn.  ;  loved  and  honored 
by  the  entire  community  in  which  he  lives. 

He  is  a  vigorous  Baptist.  While  his  love  for 
other  Christians  is  large,  his  admiration  for  the 
Baptist  denomination,  the  first  community  that 
bore  the  name  of  Christ,  is  unbounded.  He  knows 
the  history  of  his  religious  ancestors,  and  can  write 
it  better  than  almost  any  other  man  in  the  "  Land 
of  Steady  Habits;'"  he  knows  their  principles  of 
liberty  and  love,  and  he  would  like  to  spread  them 
everywhere ;  he  is  a  worthy  man  in  all  the  rela- 
tions of  life. 

Potts,  Col.  D.  G.,  was  born  in  Susses  Co.,  Va., 
Aug.  27.  ISIO,  and  was  educated  in  the  neighbor- 
ing schools.  He  served  for  several  years  most  effi- 
ciently as  sheriff  of  the  county,  being  also  engaged 
in  farming  and  merchandising  until  1844,  when 
he  removed  to  Petersburg,  Va.,  and  engjiged  in  the 
commission  business.  In  1856  he  was  elected  treas- 
urer of  the  Petersburg  Railroad  Company,  which 
position  he  held  with  rare  fidelity  during  nineteen 
years,  up  to  1875.  In  1877  he  was  appointed  by 
the  President  postmaster  at  Petersburg,  which 
office  he  still  holds.  Col.  Potts  has  always  taken 
a  deep  interest  in  the  well-being  of  the  communi- 
ties where  he  has  lived,  and  his  integrity  and  ex- 
perience have  made  him  a  valuable  counsellor  in 
public  affairs.  He  served  in  the  city  council  of 
Petersburii'  from   1853  to  1868,  and  was  senior  al- 


POWELL 


931 


I'OWI'.IJj 


dernian  and  chairinati  of  the  eoiniuittee  on  public 
property  during  all  that  long  period.  He  is  as 
active  and  useful  in  church  affairs  as  he  is  in  pub- 
lic. In  183(i  he  united  with  the  Baptist  church  at 
Newvillp,  Sussex  Co.  When  he  reinoved  to  that 
neighborhood  in  1834  there  was  but  one  professor 
of  religion  there.  Through  his  efforts  and  the 
preaching  of  Rev.  J.  L.  Gwaitney,  a  church  build- 
ing was  erected  and  a  church  organized,  and  when 
he  left  there,  in  1844,  there  was  a  large  and  flour- 
ishing congregation,  and  one  of  the  most  prosper- 
ous county  Sunday-schools  in  the  State.  For  more 
than  forty  years  Col.  Potts  has  been  an  active 
worker  in  the  Sunday-school  as  teacher  or  super- 
intendent, and,  what  is  Something  worthy  of  spe- 
cial mention,  he  was  never  once  late  at  school. 
He  has  also  served  as  dea(rori  during  all  i)is  long 
Christian  life,  and  in  all  the  s|)lieres  in  which  he 
moves  no  man  is  more  highly  honored  and  justly 
esteemed. 

Powell,  Rev.  Joab,  was  one  of  the  most  remark- 
ably succi'ssful  and  eccentric  preachers  in  Oregon. 
Whenever  it  was  known  that  he  would  preach  the 
entire  population  crowded  to  hear  him.  He  was 
born  in  Claiborne  Co.,  Tenn.,  July  1(5,  1799.  He 
was  baptized  in  1824,  and  joined  the  Berean  church  ; 
removed  to  Missouri ;  licensed  in  1830,  and  soon 
after  was  ordained  by  the  Salem  church,  which 
was  anti-mission,  while  he  was  a  missionary  Bap- 
tist. Soon  after  he  went  to  the  Blue  Springs.  The 
county  judge,  Richard  Stanley,  said  to  him,  as  he 
had  said  to  others,  supposing  that  he  also  was  anti- 
mission,  "If  your  mission  is  only  to  preach  to  the 
sheep  and  laml)s,  you  need  not  come  here,  for  we 
have  no  sheep  and  lambs."  Mr.  Powell  replied, 
''My  mission  is  to  poor  sinners."  The  judge  said, 
"Then  you  can  preach  for  us."  He  did  so,  built 
a  large  church,  and  baptized  150.  He  continued 
many  years  as  a  frontier  preacher ;  removed  to 
Oregon  in  1852;  went  about  everywhere,  some- 
times acting  as  ptistor,  but  was  almost  constantly 
doing  the  work  of  an  evangelist.  His  discourses 
were  earnest  and  full  of  sharp  points.  His  audi- 
ences were  kept  in  tears  and  smiles,  and  when  the 
sermon  was  over  he  would  sing,  exhort,  pray,  and 
entreat  by  times,  until  the  most  obdurate  would 
yield.  After  a  long  and  useful  life,  beloved  by 
his  church,  ho  died  Jan.  25,  1873. 

Powell,  Rev.  Robert,  was  a  native  of  Massa- 
ciiusetts,  but  removed  with  his  parents  to  Hamil- 
ton, N.  Y.,  in  1805,  where  he  experienced  religion 
while  yet  a  child.  He  commenced  preaching  when 
young,  and  was  permitted  to  enjoy  the  service 
nearly  sixty  years.  In  1817  he  was  one  of  the 
thirteen  who  in  prayer  together,  and  the  offering 
of  a  dollar  each  to  the  olyect,  organized  the  Ham- 
ilton Institution.  lie  was  for  some  years  the  last 
survivor  of  that  honored  band.     Coming  to  Michi- 


gan in  1832,  he  was,  until  his  death,  in  1875,  one 
of  the  most  trusted  and  loved  standard-bearers  of 
the  denomination.  Highly  gifted  in  voice  and  song, 
of  an  excellent  spirit,  with  clearness  of  reason  and 
native  eloquence,  he  was  a  good  and  able  minister 
of  Christ.  He  died  at  Clinton,  his  home  in  Mich- 
igan, in  his  eightieth  year. 

Powell,  Rev.  Thomas. — ^No  name  is  linked  in 
more  interesting  ways  with  early  Baptist  history 
in  Illinois  than  that  of  Rev.  Thomas  I'oweli.  He 
was  born,  Dec.  9,  1801,  in  the  town  of  Aberga- 
venny, Monmouthshire,  South  Wales.  In  his  fif- 
teenth year  he  experienced  conversion,  and  united 
with  the  Baptist  church  in  his  native  town.  In 
the  year  1818  he  emigrated  to  New  York,  and 
united  with  the  Mulberry  Street  Baptist  church 
in  that  city,  under  the  pastoral  care  of  Dr.  Archi- 
bald Maclay.  At  that  time  there  were  in  the  city 
only  six  Baptist  churches,  namely.  Gold  Street, 
Fayette  Street,  afterwards  called  Oliver  Street, 
Mulberry  Street,  Van  Dam  Street,  Broome  Street, 
and  Anthony  Street.  In  Brooklyn  there  was  no 
Baptist  church.  In  the  year  1822,  Mr.  Powell  was 
licensed  by  the  Mulberry  Street  church,  and  al- 
though not  ordained,  was  called  out  and  encour- 
aged to  preach  in  Hoboken,  Brooklyn,  Newark, 
and  other  places  in  the  vicinity.  He  had  enjoyed 
advantages  of  education,  which  enabled  him  then 
to  begin  at  once  an  active  ministry,  which  may  be 
said  to  date  from  the  year  named,  1822.  Subse- 
quently he  was  ordained,  and  appointed  a  mission- 
ary to  labor  at  Newburgh  and  Cornwall,  in  Orange 
County.  He  w-as  later  called  to  the  pastorate  of 
the  church  in  Hudson,  but  after  some  months  re- 
signed, and  became  pastor  in  Milton,  Saratoga  Co., 
where  he  remained  in  care  of  the  church  nearly 
ten  years. 

While  Mr.  Powell  resided  in  Milton  members  of 
the  church  and  others  were  from  time  to  time  re- 
moving to  the  West.  This  circumstance,  and  the 
representations  then  made  as  to  the  religious  des- 
titution of  the  Valley  of  the  Mississippi,  induced 
him,  contrary  to  the  opinion  and  advice  of  many 
warm  friends  in  the  church  at  3Iilton,  to  volunteer 
as  missionary  of  the  Home  Mission  Society.  He 
accordingly  removed  to  Illinois  in  1836.  Rev.  Jon- 
athan Going,  D.D.,  was  at  that  time  the  correspond- 
ing secretary  of  the  society.  He  made  his  home  at 
first  in  La  Salb'  County,  although  the  first  churches 
organized  by  him  were  in  Putnam  County,  at  Hen- 
nepin and  Granville.  At  this  time  there  was  no 
Association  organized  between  the  northern  bound- 
ary of  the  State  and  Springfield  save  one,  the  North- 
ern Association,  including  the  one  church  in  Chi- 
cago. Nearly  all  the  churches  now  included  in 
the  Ottawa  Association  were  organized  by  Mr. 
Powell,  and  some  connected  with  other  Associa- 
tions.    He  shared  also  in  organizing  the  Illinois 


POWELL 


932 


POWELL 


River  Association.  In  the  various  forms  of  de- 
nominational activity  witliin  the  State  he  has  ac- 
tively shared,  while  engaged  during  many  years  in 
fruitful  missionary  labors  over  wide  districts  of 
country.  To  no  man  is  the' denomination  more 
indebted  for  its  prosperity  and  growth,  especially 
in  tlie  earlier  history  of  the  State. 

Powell,  Rev.  T.  W.,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1836, 
at  Chesterville,  0.  He  graduated  at  Denison  Uni- 
versity, Gi'anville,  0.,  in  1863,  having  paid  his  wjvy 
mostly  by  teaching.  He  took  a  select  course  in 
theology  at  Hamilton  Theological  Seminary,  N.  Y. 
He  became  pastor  at  Tiffin,  0.,  in  1S65.  lie 
was  called  to  Davenport,  Iowa,  in  September, 
1868.  Here  the  church  enjoyed  almost  a  constant 
revival  for  a  year  and  a  half,  during  which  time 
he  baptized  over  130  persons.  From  overwork  in 
long  continuous  meetings  his  health  gave  way,  and 
he  resigned  in  the  autumn  of  1870.  After  a  year's 
rest,  during  which  he  did  some  nyssion  work  at 
Tama  City,  he  settled  with  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  in  October,  1871. 
After  two  and  a  half  years  his  health  failed  again, 
and  he  spent  a  year  and  a  half  in  recruiting,  mostly 
in  the  South.  In  the  summer  of  1875  he  once  more 
returned  to  Iowa.  After  supplying  the  church  at 
Pella  for  a  few  months,  he  was  recalled  to  Daven- 
port. After  thi'ee  years  in  a  second  pastorate  with 
this  church,  he  resigned  to  enter  upon  work  at 
Marshalltown.  Here  the  church  has  paid  a  cum- 
bersome debt  of  raany  years'  standing,  and  is  enjoy- 
ing prosperity. 

Powell,  Vavasor,  was  born  in  Radnorshire, 
Wales,  in  1617.  Tlirough  his  parents  he  was  con- 
nected with  the  first  families  in  North  Wales. 
When  young  he  was  taught  the  learned  languages, 
and  he  became  a  successful  student  in  pursuit 
of  general  knowledge.  He  received  his  univer- 
sity education  at  Jesus  College,  O.^ford.  In  his 
youth  he  was  the  most  mischievous  boy  in  the 
neighborhood  in  which  he  lived.  AV'hcn  he  first 
officiated  as  an  Episcopal  minister,  he  says  that 
"  he  was  a  reader  of  common  prayers,  in  the 
habit  of  a  foolish  shepherd,  that  ho  slighted  tlie 
Scriptures,  was  a  stranger  to  secret  and  spiritual 
prayer,  and  a  great  profaner  of  the  Sabbath.'' 

By  reading  Puritan  books,  hearing  sermons 
which  they  prcaclied,  and  by  conversations  with 
tlioiii,  Mr.  Powell  was  led  to  the  Saviour,  and  his 
heart  and  character  were  completely  changed.  Soon 
after  this  he  forsook  the  Episcopal  Church.  His 
preaching  now  became  the  most  powerful  agency 
in  Wales.  Wherever  he  went  multitudes  waited 
upon  his  ministry,  and  largo  numbers  were  renewed 
by  the  Holy  Spirit  and  became  followers  of  the 
Lamb.  Opposition  was  stirred  up  by  his  burning 
eloquence  and  iiis  unexampled  success  ;  and  in  1642 
he  went  to  London,  where  his  popularity  was  nearly 


as  great,  in  a  little  tinie,  as  it  was  in  Wales.  He 
received  a  pressing  invitation  to  settle  in  Dartford. 
in  Kent,  which  he  accepted,  and  there  he  founded  a 
church,  and  brought  many  souls  to  the  Redeemer. 

In  1646,  Mr.  Powell  was  frequently  importuned 
to  return  to  AVales.  He  knew  its  language  better 
than  he  understood  any  other.  The  people  re- 
garded him  as  an  apostle.  That  country  seemed 
more  free  from  a  persecuting  spirit  than  it  had 
been,  and  its  people  were  in  the  most  deplorable 
ignorance  about  the  salvation  of  the  Saviour,  with* 
but  few  ministers  to  point  them  to  the  ligFit  of 
Christ ;  and  having  received  a  testimonial  to  his 
godly  life,  and  to  his  "  able  gifts  for  the  work  of 
the  ministry,"  signed  by  Charles  Herte  and  seven- 
teen members  of  the  Westminster  Assembly  of 
Divines,  he  returned  to  Wales  and  resumed  his 
labors  among  his  countrymen.  Crosby  says  that 
"  he  frequently  preached  in  two  or  three  places  in 
a  day,  and  he  was  seldom  two  days  in  a  week 
throughout  the  year  out  of  the  pulpit;  nay,  he 
■would  sometimes  ride  an  hundred  miles  in  a  week 
.and  preach  in  every  place  where  he  might  have 
admittance,  either  night  or  day  ;  so  that  there  was 
hardly  a  church,  chapel,  or  town  hall  in  all  Wales 
where  he  had  not  preaclied."  He  proclaimed 
Jesus  at  fairs,  markets,  and  wherever  there  was  a 
gathering  of  people.  He  preached  the  glorious 
gospel  upon  mountains,  in  jails,  and  even  in  the 
houses  of  persecuting  magistrates.  lie  was  once 
arrested  in  Brecknockshire,  about  10  p.m.,  with 
fifty  or  sist}'  of  his  hearers,  and  confined  during 
the  night  in  a  church.  At  midnight  he  preached  a 
sermon  to  his  companions  and  captors  from  the 
words,  "  Fear  not  them  who  kill  the  body."'  During 
the  service  the  most  malevolent  of  his  persecutors 
wept  bitterly.  Xext  morning  when  brought  to  the 
house  of  the  justice  tliut  functidnar^'  was  tempora- 
rily absent,  and  while  waiting  for  his  return  Mr. 
Powell  preached  again.  The  justice  was  indignant 
to  find  his  house  turned  into  a  conventicle,  but  two 
of  his  daughters  were  deeply  moved  by  the  truth 
which  fell  from  the  lips  of  the  fearless  man  of  God. 
Before  1660  Jlr.  Powell  had  formed  more  than 
twenty  churches,  of  which  some  had  two,  some 
three,  and  some  four  or  five  hundred  members. 
Mr.  Powell  at  one  time  had  20,000  followers  in 
Wales,  and  has  been  properly  designated  the  White- 
field  of  that  principality. 

Jlr.  Powell  was  a  Calvinist,  holding  and  preach- 
ing election,  effectual  calling,  final  perseverance, 
full  justification  by  faith,  and  the  absolute  need  of 
the  Divine  Spirit  to  give  a  man  power  to  will  and 
to  do  the  things  that  please  God.  He  was  also  a 
Baptist. 

He  had  no  fear  of  men.  or  jails,  or  death  in  his 
heart.  He  was  a  strong  repulilican.  and  he  openly 
denounced  the  iiroteetorship  of  Cromwell  when  his 


POWERS 


933 


PR  A  TT 


power  was  droaded  by  all  Europe;  and  Cromwell 
was  so  apprehensive  of  liis  intluenei!  that  lie 
arrested  him.  He  spent  eif^hfc  years  in  thirteen 
prisons.  And  lie  died  in  the  Fleet  jail,  in  London, 
in  the  eleventh  year  of  his  incarceration,  Oct.  27, 
lf)71.  His  death  was  unusually  blessed  ;  the  power 
and  love  of  God  filled  his  soul  with  entliusiiusm  in 
the  miseries  of  a  cell  and  in  the  agonies  of  a  dis- 
tressing complaint. 

He  was  the  author  of  nine  works,  one  of  which 
was  a  Concordance.  Mr.  Powell  was  an  ardent 
lover  of  the  Bible. 

The  footprints  of  Powell  are  seen  all  over  AVales 
to-day,  and  many  of  his  religious  descendants  have 
crossed  the  Atlantic  to  build  up  the  mighty  denom- 
ination whose  name  is  dear  to  us,  and  whose  liberty 
of  conscience  has  given  freedom  to  the  churches  of 
America. 

Powers,  Rev.  J.  Pike,  a  talented  minister,  and 
one  who  is  greatly  esteemed  for  his  piety  and  use- 
fulness, was  born  in  Westmoreland  Co.,  Va.,  Aug. 
4,  1842.  He  removed  to  Kentucky  in  1855,  was 
engaged  some  years  in  mercantile  business  at 
Augusta,  and  was  afterwards  president  of  the  Ex- 
change Bank  of  Kentucky  at  jNIount  Sterling.  He 
was  educated  at  Augusta  and  Georgetown  Colleges, 
and  afterwards  spent  two  years  at  the  Southern 
Baptist  Theological  Seminary.  He  united  with 
the  Baptist  church  at  Georgetown,  Ky.,  in  1857, 
and  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  at  Augusta  in 
1S()9,  and  immediately  appointed  missionary  of 
Bracken  Association.  Among  the  churches  he 
founded  while  acting  in  this  capacity  was  the  church 
at  Mount  Sterling,  of  which  he  was  chosen  pastor,  in 
which  capacity  he  has  since  labored.  Mr.  Powers 
has  performed  much  missionary  work,  and  caused 
to  be  erected  three  good  houses  of  worship  and  one 
parsonage. 

Pratt,  Rev.  Dura  D.,  was  born  in  Marlliorough, 
Vt.,  July  13, 180(3.  Having  removed  to  Worcester, 
Mass.,  he  was  brought  under  the  influence  of  the 
ministry  of  llev.  Jonathan  Going,  by  whom  he 
was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  First  Bap- 
tist church  in  that  city.  Called  of  God,  as  he  be- 
lieved, to  the  ministry  of  his  Son,  he  prepared 
himself  for  his  work,  and  in  1832  was  invited  to 
take  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Nashua, 
N.  H.,  where  he  had  a  most  successful  ministry  for 
twenty-three  years,  l)apti7.ing  during  that  period 
not  far  from  GOO  individuals.  He  died  of  paralysis 
Nov.  13,  1855.  "  Mr.  Pratt  was  among  the  best  min- 
isters of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  the  State  of 
New  Hampshire.  He  was  uncompromising  in  his 
opinions  and  fearless  in  defending  them,  yet  kind 
and  conciliatory  in  treating  of  the  views  of  others. 
He  was  remarkable  for  his  clear  foresight  and  ju- 
dicious management  in  times  of  difSculty  and  trial. 
He  studied  to  know  his  people  and  adapt  his  labors 


to  their  wants.  He  was  highly  evangelical  and 
practical  in  his  preaching,  seizing  on  those  points 
of  Scripture  with  great  vigor  which  were  af)propri- 
ate  to  the  existing  state  of  affairs."  These  are 
words  of  warm  commendation,  but  justly  deserved. 

Pratt,  John,  D.D ,  educator,  and  founder  of 
l>i'iusoii  University,  0.,  was  liorn  in  Windham  Co.. 
Conn.,  Oct.  12,  ISOO.  He  spent  most  of  his  early 
life  on  a  farm  and  in  a  mill.  By  dint  of  un- 
daunted energy  and  much  lonely  night  study  he 
succeeded  in  fitting  himself  to  teach  a  public  school. 
At  the  age  of  twenty  he  went  to  Amherst  Academy, 
Mass.,  where  he  prepared  for  college.  After  s[iend- 
ing  nearly  four  years  in  Columbian  College,  AVash- 
ington,  D.  C,  he  entered  Brown  University,  and 
graduated  in  1827,  and,  after  a  short  professorship 
in  Transylvania  University,  Ky.,  became  pastor  of 
the  First  church.  New  Haven,  Conn.  In  1831  he 
was  principal  cif  South  Reading  Academy  for  six 
months,  and  then  accepted  a  call  from  the  trustees 
of  Granville  Literary  and  Theological  Institution 
to  take  charge  of  the  same.  In  1833  this  school, 
then  very  weak  and  badly  housed,  was  incor- 
porated, and  Prof.  Pratt  was  made  president.  In 
1837  he  resigned  the  presidency,  and  became  Pro- 
fessor of  Ancient  Languages,  which  position  he  re- 
tained, with  slight  interruptions,  until  1859,  when 
he  retired  to  private  life.  In  1878  the  degree  of 
D.D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Denison  Uni- 
versity. He  has  been  twice  married.  His  first 
wife.  Miss  Mary  Glover  Corey,  to  whom  he  was 
married  in  1830,  was  a  sister  of  Mrs.  Dr.  B.  Sears. 
In  1855  he  married  Susan  C.  Wheeler,  of  Licking 
Co.,  0. 

Dr.  Pratt  has  been  one  of  the  most  prominent 
and  foremost  of  Ohio  Baptists.  His  work  in  Deni- 
son University  is  his  monument.  As  a  teacher,  he 
was  unrivaled.  Dr.  Turney,  late  of  AVashington, 
D.  C,  said  of  him  that  he  had  no  superiors  and  but 
few  equals  in  the  professor's  chair.  His  long  life 
has  been  characterized  by  signal  devotion  to  the 
cause  of  education  and  religion,  and  his  sacrifices 
for  these  oljects  have  been  numerous  and  great. 
Taking  in  view  the  struggles  of  his  early  life,  his 
career  has  been  very  remarkable.  His  closing 
days  are  being  spent  on  his  farm  near  Granville, 
the  scene  of  his  life-long  toil. 

Pratt,  William  M.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  .Madison 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  13.  IsJT.  After  a  common  school 
and  academic  preparation,  he  entered  Hamilton 
University,  where  he  took  the  full  course  in  letters 
and  theology,  graduating  in  1839.  He  married 
Miss  Julia  A.,  daughter  of  Rev.  John  Peck,  and  sub- 
sequently removed  to  Crawfordsville,  Ind.,  where 
he  preached,  and  taught  a  school  for  young  ladies. 
In  1845  he  took  chai-go  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Lexington,  Ky.,  to  which  he  ministered  seventeen 
years.     He  was  several  years  corresponding  secre- 


FREDESTINA  TIOK 


934 


mSDESTINA  TIOX 


tary  of  the  board  of  the  General  Association  of 
Baptists  in  Kentucky.  In  1869  he  removed  to 
New  Albany,  Ind.,  where  he  preached  iwo  years 
to  Bank  Street  church,  after  which  he  located  in 
Louisville,  Ky.,  and  engaged  in  the  book-trade,  -at 
the  same  time  preaching  on  the  Lord's  day  for 
Broadway  and  Walnut  Street  churches.  In  1871 
.  he  became  pastor  of  the  church  at  Shelbyville,  Ky. 
In  a  few  years  he  returned  to  Lexington,  where-he 
now  lives,  and  is  supplying  several  churches  in  the 
vicinity.  He  is  an  able  preacher,  an  excellent  busi- 
ness man,  and  has  contributed  largely  towards  es- 
tablishing Baptist  interests  in  Kentucky. 

Predestination  is  one  of  the  revealed  doctrines 
of  God's  Word.  Moses  says,  "  Secret  things  belong 
unto  the  Lord  our  God,  but  those  which  are 
revealed  belong  unto  us  and  to  our  children  for- 
ever."— Deut.  xxix.  29.  Predestination  is  fre- 
quently noticed  by  the  inspired  writers,  and  con- 
sequently, as  a  portion  of  God's  revelation,  it 
belongs  to  us.  We  should  lovingly  receive  it,  and 
try  to  understand  it,  and  never  slight  the  Mighty 
One  by  whose  authority  prophets,  apostles,  and 
evangelists  penned  the  sacred  writings,  by  attempt- 
ing to  argue  it  out  of  the  Scriptures,  or  to  pass  it 
by  as  a  dreaded  mystery,  of  which  we  should  not 
think,  and  which  the  Spirit  ought  not  to  have  re- 
vealed. 

■Kpoopl^u  in  the  New  Testament  means  to  prede- 
termine, to  predestinate.  Paul  says,  "  In  whom 
also  we  have  obtained  an,  inheritance,  being  p7-e- 
destinaied,  according  to  the  purpose  of  him  who 
worketh  all  things  after  the  counsel  of  his  own 
will." — Eph.  i.  11.  According  to  this  statement 
saints  enjoy  an  inheritance  because  God  pre- 
destinated them  to  it,  and  the  same  Almighty 
Ruler  "worketh  all  things  after  the  counsel  of  his 
own  will,"  in  heaven  and  on  earth.  Predestina- 
tion is  the  foreordinatioh  of  believers  to  heaven, 
and  the  instrumentalities  by  which  they  are  to  be 
converted,  preserved,  and  rendered  triumphant,  and 
it  is  the  foreordination  of  all  the  occurrences  of 
earth.  The  celestiaK worlds  aYe  governed  by  laws 
ordained  ages  ago,  and  constraining  such  exact 
obedience  that  men  can  tell  everything,  with  un- 
erring certainty,  about  various  changes  that  are  to 
take  place  in  the  sun,  moon,  and  stars  from  the 
past  movements  of  these  heavenly  bodies.  Calvin 
beautifully  says,  "  There  is  no  power  among  all 
the  creations  more  wonderful  or  illustrious  than 
that  of  the  sun  ;  for,  besides  his  illumination  of  the 
whole  world  by  his  splendor,  how  astonishing  it  is 
that  he  cherishes  and  enlivens  all  animals  by  his 
heat ;  with  his  rays  inspires  fecundity  into  the 
earth  ;  from  the  seeds  genially  warmed  in  her 
bosom  produces  a  green  herbage,  which,  being 
supported  by  fresh  nourishment,  he  increases  and 
strengthens  until  it  rises  into  stalks ;  feeds  them 


with  perpetual  exhalations  till  they  grow  into 
blossoms,  and  from  blossoms  to  fruit,  which  he 
then  by  his  influences  brings  to  maturity;  that 
trees  likewise  and  vines  by  his  genial  warmth  first 
put  forth  leaves,  then  blossoms,  and  from  the  blos- 
soms produce  their  fruit."  But  the  sun.  and  every 
plant  and  animal  on  earth,  are  governed  by  pre- 
destinated laws,  enacted  at  their  creation.  This 
doctrine  applies  to  all  human  events. 

Speaking  of  the  decrees  of  God  in  reference  to 
the  transactions  affecting  men  for  good  or  evil  in  ■ 
this  life,  the  celebrated  Jonathan  Edwards  Says, 
"  Whether  God  hath  decreed  all  things  that  ever 
came  to  pass  or  not,  all  that  own  the  being  of  a 
God,  own  that  he  knows  all  things  beforehand. 
Now  it  is  self-evident,  that  if  he  knows  all  things 
beforehand,  he  either  doth  approve  of  them,  that 
is,  he  either  is  willing  they  should  be,  or  he  is  not 
willing  they  should  be.  But  to  will  that  they 
should  be  is  to  decree  them.  .  .  .  That  we  should 
say,  that  God  has  decreed  every  action  of  men. 
yea,  every  action  that  is  sinful,  and  every  circum- 
stance of  those  actions,  that  he  predetermines  that 
they  shall  be  in  every  respect  as  they  afterwards 
are ;  that  he  determines  that  there  shall  be  such 
actions,  and  just  so  sinful  as  they  are,  and  yet  that 
God  does  not  decree  the  actions  that  are  sinful,  as 
sin,  but  decrees  them  as  good,  is  really  consistent. 
For  we  do  not  mean  by  decreeing  an  action  a^  sin- 
ful the  same  as  decreeing  an  action  so  that  it  shall 
be  sinful.  ...  So  God,  though  he  hates  a  thing  as 
it  is  simply,  may  incline  to  it  with  reference  to  the 
universality  of  things.  Though  he  hates  sin  in 
itself,  yet  he  may  will  to  permit  it  for  the  greater 
promotion  of  holiness  in  this  universality,  in- 
cluding all  things,  and  at  all  times.  So,  though 
he  has  no  inclination  to  a  creature's  misery,  con- 
sidered absolutely,  yet  he  ma}-  will  it  for  the  greater 
pro^notion  of  happiness  in  this  universality.  .  .  . 
He  W'ills  to  permit  sin,  it  is  evident,  because  he 
does  permit  it."*  This  account  of  predestination 
is  clear,  almost  complete,  and  in  harmony  with 
the  Word  of  God.  It  may  be  summed  up  in  these 
words:  God  governs  the  world  by  decrees  o{  per- 
mission for  evils,  and  of  appointment,  for  proper 
things,  and  in  this  way  he  foreordains  everything 
on  earth,  and  is  the  absolute  ruler  of  all  things. 

The  late  Dr.  Richard  Fuller  says,  "  The  Liberta- 
riafts  reject  the  doctrine  of  predestination  ;  they 
deny  that  God  has  foreordained  all  things.  But 
how  can  this  negation  be  even  mentioned  without 
shocking  our  reason  and  our  reverence  for  the 
oracles  of  God  ?  I  might  easily  show  that  nothing 
is  gained  by  this  denial,  that  it  only  removes  the 
difficulty  a  little  farther  b;ick.  This  system  rejects 
predestination,  and  maintains  that  God  has  left  all 

*  Works  of  Jonathan  Edwards,  ii.  525,  527,  62S.     London,  1S40. 


PREDESTINA  TION 


935 


PREDESTINATION 


men  to  act  as  they  choose.  But  what  is  meant  by 
a  man's  acting  as  lie  cliooses?  It  is  of  course  that 
he  obeys  the  impulses  of  his  own  feelings  and  pas- 
sions. Well,  did  not  God  endow  him  with  these 
passions?  Did  not  God  know  that  if  certain  temp- 
tations assailed  the  creature  to  whom  he  had  given 
these  passions  he  would  fiill?  ])id  he  not  foresee 
that  these  temptations  would  assail  him?  Did  he 
not  permit  these  temptations  to  assail  him  ?  Could 
he  not  have  prevented  these  temptations?  Why 
did  he  form  him  with  these  passions?  Why  did 
he  allow  him  to  be  exposed  to  these  temptations? 
Why.  in  short. — having  a  perfect  foreknowledge 
that  such  a  being,  so  constituted  and  so  tempted, 
would  sin  and  perish,- — why  did  he  create  him  at 
all  ?  None  will  deny  the  divine  foreknowledge  ; 
and  I  at  once  admit  that  the  mere  foreseeing  an 
event,  which  we  cannot  hinder,  and  have  no  agency 
in  accomplishing,  does  not  involve  us  in  any  re- 
sponsiliility.  But  when  the  Creatur,  of  his  own 
sovereign  pleasure,  calls  an  intelligent  agent  into 
being,  fashions  him  with  certain  powers  and  appe- 
tites, and  places  him  amid  scenes  where  he  clearly 
sees  that  temptations  will  overcome  him, — in  .such 
a  case  it  is  self-evident  that  our  feeble  faculties  can- 
not separate  foreknowledge  from  foreordination. 
The  denial  of  preordination  does  not,  therefore,  at 
all  relieve  any  objection,  it  only  conceals  the  diffi- 
culty from  the  ignorant  and  unthinking. 

"  But  even  if  the  theory  of  the  Libertarians  were 
not  a  plain  evasion,  it  would  be  impossible  for  us 
to  accept  such  a  solution  ;  for  it  dethrones  Jeho- 
vah ;  it  surrenders  the  entire  government  of  the 
world  to  mere  chance,  to  wild  caprice  and  disorder. 
According  to  this  system,  nature,  providence,  are 
only  departments  of  atheism  ;  God  has  no  control 
over  tiie  earth  and  its  aSiiirs ;  or,  if  that  be  too 
monstrous  and  revolting,  lie  exercises  authority 
over  matter,  but  none  over  the  minds  and  hearts 
of  men.  '  The  king's  heart  is  in  the  hands  of  the 
Lord,  as  rivers  of  water  he  turneth  it  whithersoever 
he  will,' — such  is  the  declaration  of  the  Holy  Spirit ; 
but  this  theory  rejects  this  truth.  God  exercises 
no  control  over  men"s  hearts,  consequently  proph- 
ecy is  an  absurdity,  providence  is  a  chimera,  pr.ayer 
is  a  mockery,  since  God  does  not  interfere  in  mortal 
events,  but  al)andons  all  to  the  wanton  humors  and 
passions  of  myriads  of  independent  agents,  none 
of  whose  whims  and  impulses  he  restrains,  by 
whom  his  will  is  constantly  defeated  and  trampled 
under  foot.  A  creed  so  odious,  so  abhorrent  to  all 
reason  and  religion,  need  only  to  be  carried  out  to 
its  consequences  and  no  sane  mind  can  adopt  it.'"* 

The  Scriptural  authority  for  this  doctrine  is  un- 
questionable. Nebuchadnezzar  dreams  of  a  great 
image  (Daniel  ii.)  with  a  golden  head,  the  breast 


*  Baptist  Doctrines,  pp.  483-85.     St.  Louis,  18S0. 


and  the  arms  of  silver,  a  brazen  Ixjdy  and  thighs, 
legs  of  iron,  and  feet  part  of  iron  and  part  of  clay  ; 
a  stone  cut  without  liamls  destroys  the  image,  be- 
comes a  great  mountain,  and  fills  the  world.  The 
golden  head  was  the  kingdom  of  Nebuchadnezzar, 
thesilvpr  arms  the  .Mcdo-i^in'sian  enifiire,  the  lirazen 
body  the  Macedonian  dominion,  and  the  iron  legs, 
and  feet  partly  iron  and  {lartly  cliiy,  the  govern- 
ment of  Koine.  The  stone  cut  without  hands  was 
Christ's  coming  kingdom  and  conquests  that  would 
destroy  all  existing  empires  and  fill  tlie  whole  world 
with  tlie  agencies  of  its  universal  authority.  These 
events,  except  the  destruction  of  Nebuchiiilnczzar's 
kingilDiii,  were  ages  in  the  future,  but  they  were 
predetermined  and  absolutely  certain.  The  same 
thing  was  true  of  the  second  dream  of  the  king, — 
the  dream  of  the  cutting  down  of  the  great  tree 
"whose  height  reached  unto  heaven,  nnd  the  sight 
unto  the  end  of  all  tlio  earth.''  It  foretold  the  in- 
security of  the  king  and  his  removal  from  the  throne 
for  seven  years;  this  heaven-preordained  calamity 
fell  upon  the  king  soon  after.  Tlie  present  con- 
dition of  the  Jews,  and  their  state  for  ages,  was 
preordained  of  God  :  •'  I  will  deliver  them,  saitli 
the  Lord,  to  be  removed  to  all  the  kingdoms  of  the 
earth,  to  be  a  curse  and  an  astonishment,  and  a 
hissing,  and  a  reproach,  among  all  the  nations 
whither  I  have  driven  them." — Jer.  xxix.  18.  "I 
will  sift  the  house  of  Israel  among  all  nations,  like 
as  corn  is  sifted  in  a  sieve,  yet  shall  not  the  least 
grain  fall  upon  the  earth.''— Amos  ix.  9.  Isaiah 
(vi.  11,  12)  foretelling  evils  for  the  Jews.  says. 
"Lord,  how  long?  And  he  answered,  'Until  the 
cities  be  wasted  without  inhabitant,  and  the  houses 
without  man,  and  the  land  be  utterly  desolate.'  " 
"Be  not  dismayed,  0  Israel,  for,  behold,  I  will  save 
thee  from  afar  off,  and  thy  seed  from  the  land  of 
their  captivity  ;  and  Jacob  shall  return,  and  be  in 
rest  and  at  ease,  and  none  shall  make  him  afraid. 
I  will  make  a  full  end  of  all  the  nations  whither 
I  have  driven  thee  :  but  I  will  not  make  a  full  end 
of  thee,  but  correct  thee  in  measure  :  yet  will  I  not 
utterly  cut  thee  oflF,  or  leave  thee  wholly  unpun- 
ished."— Jer.  xlvi.  27,  28.  The  Jews  have  been 
scattered  into  all  lands,  and  they  are  everywhere 
unjustly  regarded  as  a  "  reproach  and  a  hissing"  ; 
they  have  been  sifted  among  the  nations,  but  no 
grain  of  Israel  has  taken  root  in  the  lands  of  their 
exile  ;  their  country  and  their  cities  are  desolate  ; 
he  has  not  wholly  cut  off  Israel,  and  he  is  evidently 
awaiting  the  right  time  to  restore  them  to  their 
country  and  their  (Jod.  These  events  were  predes- 
tinated and  foretold  thousands  of  years  ago. 

In  the  fifth  chapter  of  Revelation,  the  Lamb 
standing  in  the  midst  of  the  throne  took  the  won- 
derful book  with  seven  seals,  the  book  of  providen- 
tial decrees ;  for  he  has  all  power  in  heaven  and 
on  earth,  and  he  opened  seal  after  seal,  ushering 


PREDESTINA  TION 


936 


P.REDESTINA  TION 


in  avast  train  of  events  running  over  many  ages; 
but  these  great  issues  were  all  predestinated,  fore- 
told, and  recorded  in  a  book  before  any  of  them 
bocaiiio  realities.  Peter,  addressing  the  Jews,  says 
of  Christ,  "  Him,  being  delivered  by  the  determi- 
nate counsel  and  foreknowledge  of  God,  .ye  have 
taken,  and  by  wicked  hands  have  crucified  and 
.slain." — Acts  ii.  23.  "Fair  of  a  trutli  against  thy 
holy  child  Jesus,  whom  thou  hast  anointed,  both 
Herod  and  Pontius  Pilate,  with  the  Gentiles  and 
the  people  of  Israel,  were  gathered  together,  for 
ti)  do  whatsoever  thj/  hand  and  thy  counsel  deter- 
mined before  (literally,  predestinated)  to  be  done.''' 
— Acts  iv.  27,  28.  Every  item  in  the  Saviour's 
death  occurred  by  the  determinate  counsel  and  fore- 
knowledge of  God,  even  to  the  carrying  out  of  the 
prophetic  record,  '•  A  bone  of  him  shall  not  be 
broken."  The  Jews  actuated  by  malice.  Satan 
prompted  l)y  murderous  hate,  Pilate  controlled  by 
cruel  selfishness,  and  the  people  misled  by  base 
slanders,  demanded  the  Saviour's  blood,  and  with- 
out intending  or  desiring  it,  tliey  inflicted  upon 
Jesus  "  Whatsoever  God's  hand  and  counsel  deter- 
mined before  should  be  done  ;"  and  what  occurred 
in  the  Saviour's  death  governs  the  whole  transac- 
tions of  earth  ;  as  Augustine,  quoted  approvingly 
by  Calvin,  says,  '•  Nothing  could  be  more  absurd 
than  for  anything  to  happen  independently  of  the 
oi-dination  of  God,  because  it  would  happen  at  ran- 
dom."* "Our  days  are  determined,  the  number 
of  our  months  is  with  him,  he  has  appointed  our 
bounds  that  we  cannot  pass,  he  doeth  according  to 
his  will  in  the  army  of  heaven,  and  among  the  in- 
habitants of  the  earth."  . 

The  Philadelphia  Confession  of  Faith  says,  "  God 
hath  decreed  in  himself  from  all  eternity,  by  the 
most  wise  and  holy  counsel  of  his  own  will,  freely 
and  unchangeably  all  things  whatsoever  comes  to 
pass :  yet  so  as  thereby  is  God  neither  the  author 
of  sin,  nor  hath  fellowship  with  any  therein,  nor  is 
violence  offered  to  the  will  of  the  creature,  nor  yet 
is  the  liberty  or  coni;ingency  of  second  cause  taken 
away,  but  rather  established,  in  which  appears  his 
wisdom  in  disposing  all  things,  and  power  and 
faithfulness  in  accomplishing  his  decree. 

"Although  God  knoweth  whatsoever  may,  or 
can  come  to  pass  upon  all  supposed  conditions,  yet 
hath  he  not  decreed  anything,  because  he  foresaw 
it  as  future,  or  as  that  which  would- come  to  pass 
upon  such  conditions." — Chap.  iii.  1,  2. 

The  Westminster  Confession  of  Faitlif  has  the 
two  clauses  of  the  Phila(lel])hia  Confession  just 
quoted;  the  only  change  is  "ordain"  for  "de- 
creed," in  the  first  section  of  the  I'hiladelphia  ar- 


ticle, and  the  words  "  in  which  appears  his  wisdom 

in  disposing  all  things,  and  power  and  faithfulness 

I  in  accomplishing  his  decree." 
I  . 

The  seventeenth  article  of  the  Episcopal  Church 

I  of  England  sa^-s,  "  Predestination  to  life  is  the 
i  everlasting  puifiose  of  God,  whereby,  before  the 
foundations  of  the  world  were  laid,  he  hath  con- 
stantly decreed  by  his  counsel,  secret  "to  us,  to  de- 
liver from  curse  and  damnation  those  whom  he 
iiath  chosen  in  Christ  out  of  mankind,  and  to  bring 
!  them  by  Christ  to  everlasting  salvation,  as  vessels 
u)ade  to  honor.  Wherefore  they  which  be  endued 
with  so  excellent  a  benefit  of  God  be  called  accord- 
ing to  God's  purpose  by  his  Spirit  working  in  due 
season  :  they  through  grace  obey  the  calling  ;  they 
be  justified  freely;  they  be  made  sons  of  God  by 
adoption  ;  they  be  made  like  the  image  of  his  only- 
begotten  Son  Jesus  Christ ;  they  walk  religiously 
in  good  works,  and  at  length  by  God's  mercy  they 
attain  to  everlasting  felicity." 

Predestination,  the  foreordinatjon  of  all  the  elect 
to  heaven,  and  of  all  the  instrumentalities  to  secure 
tjieir  conviction  and  preservation  until  they  reach 
the  skies,  and  the  preappointment  of  all  earthly 
occurrences,  is  the  doctrine  of  all  British  Presby- 
terians, and  their  American  religious  descendants, 
of  all  regular  Baptists,  and  of  the  celebrated 
Thirty-Nine  Articles  of  the  Episcopal  Church. 

In  no  sense  does  this  doctrine  interfere  with  our 
responsibility  for  our  acts.  The  Jews  on  the  day 
of  Pentecost  who  heard  from  Peter  that  by  "  the 
determinate  counsel  and  foreknowledge  of  God" 
they  had  killed  the  Lord,  gathered  no  comfort  from 
the  divine  predestination  of  the  Saviour's  death; 
on  the  contrary,  as  they  heard  Peter's  sermon 
"  they  were  pricked  in  their  hearty  and  said  unto 
Peter,  and  to  the  rest  of  the  apostles,  '  Men  and 
brethren,  what  shall  we  dof' "'  They  knew  the  act 
was'theirs,  and  nothing  in  the  universe  could  make 
them  think  otiierwise. 

Dr.  Thomas  Rei<l,t  one  of  the  most  eminent 
mental  philosophers  of  modern  times,  says,  "We 
have  by  our  constitution  a  natural  conviction  or 
belief  that  we  act  freely  ;  a  conviction  so  early,  so 
universal,  and  so  necessary  in  most  of  rational 
operations,  that  it  must  be  the  result  of  our  con- 
stitution, and  the  work  of  him  that  made  us.  If 
any  one  of  our  natural  faculties  be  fallacious  there 
can  be  no  reason  to  trust  to  any  of  tliem,  for  he  that 
made  one  made  all."  AVe  are  conscious  that  a  par- 
ticular sin  is  ours;  if  tee  cannot  believe  our  ron- 
scioiisiicfs  about  that,  tee  can  be  sure  of  nolhin(/,  we 
must  doubt  everythint].  Jlen  sin  because  they  de- 
sire to  do  it  :  thoy  transgress  without  constraint, 
and  they  know  it.     Judas  did  not  pretend  to  charge 


*  Calvin's  Institutes,  lit),  i.  cap.  If.,  sec.  S. 

t  The  Constitntiiin  of  tlie  Picsliyteri.iu  Chuiili  in  tlio  United 
States  of  Amoricn,  p.  25(i.     I'liilailclpliiu. 


I  Essiiys  on  the  Powoi-s  of  the  Human  Miuil,  vol.  iii.  p.  24."i.   Lon- 
don, 1S2-2. 


PREDESTINA  TION 


937 


PR  ESS  LEY 


his  crime  on  predestination,  nor  did  the  three 
thousand  on  the  day  of  Pentecost,  and  no  man 
true  to  his  own  consciousness  ever  will  in  this  or 
any  other  world. 

The  Scriptures  assume  that  all  sinners  perpe- 
trate their  iniquities  of  their  own  free  will,  and 
hence  the  publican  is  i-cpresentcd  by  the  Saviour 
as  j)raying,  "  Lord,  be  merciful  to  me,  a  sinner," 
and  the  prodi<;al,  "  I  have  sinned  against  heaven 
and  ia  thy  sight,  and  I  am  no  more  worthy  to  be 
called  thy  son."  This  language  would  be  absurdly 
false  if  the  publican  and  prodigal  were  compelled 
by  a  decree  of  God  or  man  to  sin.  If  he  who  made 
a  mother's  heart,  and  gave  a  Saviour  to  die  for  us, 
by  his  undoubted  predestination  of  all  events  com- 
pelled men  to  sin,  there  would  be  pity  for  unfor- 
tunate and  unwilling  transgressors  in  liis  bosom, 
but  no  pains  from  him  for  them  in  any  world,  and 
no  day  of  judgment.  But  our  own  consciousness, — 
by  which  we  are  aware  that  we  see,  hear,  feel  pain, 
and  have  the  Saviour  in  our  affections, — the  instru- 
mentality by  which  we  learn  everything  outside 
of  ourselves,  tells  us  that  we  sin  of  our  own  choice, 
and  that  the  guilt  is  ours.  It  makes  each  of  us 
say,  "  Against  thee,  thee  only,  have  I  sinned  and 
done  this  evil  in  thy  sight."  And  its  statements 
must  be  true.  The  whole  Scri[)tuves  charge  their 
iniquities  upon  men,  and  it  would  indicate  insanity, 
or  a  hypocrisy  never  developed  in  the  most  outrage- 
ous deceivers  of  our  race,  to  charge  them  upon  others 
than  those  who  perpetrate  them. 

We  do  not  pretend  to  reconcile  predestination 
and  human  freedom  to  sin.  God  asserts  both,  and 
has  not  seen  fit  to  show  us  how  they  agree ;  and 
while  we  are  absolutely  certain  that  both  doctrines 
are  true,  we  leave  any  apparent  lack  of  harmony 
between  them  to  the  light  of  an  eternal  morning. 
As  Dr.  llichard  Fuller,  speaking  of  these  two  great 
facts,  says,  "  I  have  shown  that  both  these  doctrines 
are  true,  and  of  course  that  there  is  no  discrepancy 
between  them.  I  have  shown  that  it  is  impossible 
for  us  to  resist  either  of  these  great  truths,  and  it 
is  equally  impossible  for  our  minds  to  reconcile 
them.  But  here,  as  everywhere,  faith  must  come 
to  our  aid,  teaching  us  to  repose  unquestionably 
upon  God's  veracity." 

God  has  predestinated  the  continuance  of  harvest 
while  the  earth  reraaineth,  but  he  has  also  predes- 
tinated the  perpetual  return  of  seed-time,  and  both 
are  preappointed  together.  If  a  farmer  were  to 
say,  "God  has  foreordained  the  annual  coming  of 
a  harvest  forever,  therefore  I  shall  sow  nothing," 
his  Scripture-reading  neighbor  would  inform  him 
that  he  had  also  foreordained  the  planting  of  seed 
just  before  and  in  connection  with  the  predesti- 
nated harvest.  "While  the  earth  remaineth,  seed- 
time and  harvest,  and  cold  and  heat,  and  summer 
and  winter,  and  day  and  night,  shall  not  cease." 
60 


So  is  it  with  spiritual  Idessings,  and  tin;  means  of 
securing  them.  If  a  man  is  predestinated  to  eternal 
life,  it  is  foreordained  that  he  shall  repent,  that  be 
shall  strive  to  enter  in  at  the  strait  gate,  that  he 
shall  believe  upon  Jesus,  that  he  shall  lead  a  holy 
life,  that  he  shall  be  a  man  of  prayer,  that  be  shall 
be  anxious  to  lead  sinners  to  Christ,  and  that  be 
shall  in  some  measure  be  faithful  unto  death. 
Paul,  in  his  passage  to  Rome,  when  the  storm  was 
very  alarming,  said  to  his  companions  in  peril. 
'•  there  should  be  no  loss  of  any  man's  life  among 
you,  but  of  the  ship."  God  had  predetermined 
this ;  but  when  the  sailors  were  about  to  desert 
the  vessel,  he  said  to  the  soldiers  and  prisoners  on 
board,  "  Except  these  abide  in  the  ship,  ye  cannot 
be  saved." — Acts  xxvii.  22,  31.  It  was  also  fore- 
ordained of  God  that  the  sailors  should  stay  and 
work  the  vessel.  So  is  it  with  the  saint's  predesti- 
nation to  life  eternal ;  with  this  there  are  the  fol- 
lowing foreordinations  of  God  :  "  I  am  the  vine,  ye 
are  the  branches:  He  that  abideth  in  me,  and  I  in 
him,  the  same  Ijringeth  forth  much  fruit:  for  with- 
out me  ye  can  do  nothing.  If  a  man  abide  not  in 
me,  he  is  cast  forth  as  a  branch,  and  is  withered; 
and  men  gather  them,  and  cast  them  into  the  fire, 
and  they  are  burned.  If  ye  abide  in  me.  and  my 
words  a])ide  in  you,  ye  shall  ask  what  ye  will,  and 
it  shall  be  done  unto  you.  Herein  is  my  Father 
glorified,  that  ye  bear  much  fruit ;  so  shall  ye  be 
my  disciples.  Ye  have  not  chosen  me,  but  I  have 
chosen  you,  and  ordained  you,  that  you  should  go 
and  bring  forth  fruit,  and  that  your  fruit  should 
remain." — John  xv.  5-8,  16.  And  when  a  believer 
sees  these  evidences  of  predestination  in  himself, 
the  words  of  the  poet  are  true  of  him, — 

"  More  happy,  but  not  more  secure, 
The  glorified  spirits  in  heaven." 

Prescott,  Rev.  JohnQ,.,  a  distinguished  preacher 
and  educator  in  Louisiana,  was  born  in  New  Hamp- 
shire in  1820;  while  teaching  in  Alabama  was 
ordained  to  the  ministry ;  for  six  years  at  the  head 
of  a  large  school  at  Macon,  Miss. ;  removed  to 
Louisiana  in  1852  ;  was  successively  financial  agent 
of  Baptist  State  Convention.  Professor  of  Math- 
ematics in  Mount  Lebanon  I'niversity.  and  prin- 
cipal of  Mount  Lebanon  Female  College :  died  in 
1867. 

Pressley,  Judge  B.  C,  was  born  in  York 
County,  S.  C.  He  is  between  fifty  and  sixty  years 
of  age,  and  has  long  been  regarded  as  one  of  the 
ablest  lawyers  in  the  State.  Gen.  Connor,  for 
some  time  attorney-general  of  South  Carolina,  once 
said  to  the  writer,  '"  Mr.  Pressley  prides  himself  on 
his  skill  in  planting,  at  which  he  has  never  suc- 
ceeded, and  thinks  very  little  of  himself  as  a  law- 
yer. But  I  would  as  soon  encounter  any  other 
man  at  the  bar."     This  is  not  the  first  instance  in 


PRESSLET 


938 


PRICE 


which  men  of  high  order  of  talent  have  mistaken 
both  their  strong  and  their  weak  points.  He  has 
been  a  circuit  judge  for  several  years,  and  there  is 
tiot  an  abler  or  a  purer  on  the  bench.  He  carries 
liis  natural  urbanity  and  kindness  into  his  high 
position  as  well  as  into  private  life.  He  is  every- 
where the  same  Christian  gentleman,  and  never 
■ashamed  of  being  a  Baptist. 

Pressley,  Judge  John  Gotea,  was  born  in 

Williamsburg  Co.,  S.  C,  May  24,  1833  ;  descended 
on  his  father's  side  from  the  Scotch  Covenanters, 
and  on  his  mother's  from  the  French  Huguenots. 
His  father  was  an  eminent  citizen  and  Presby- 
terian ruling  elder.  His  mother,  a  woman  of 
great  piety.  In  1851  he  graduated  high  in  his  class 
from  the  South  Carolina  Military  Academy,  at 
Charleston.  Studied  law  with  a  relative,  Judge 
Benjamin  C.  Pressley,  a  man  of  great  piety,  through 
whose  friendly  conversation  he  was  led  to  investi- 
gate the  faith  of  Baptists,  in  order  tg  vindicate  the 
faith  of  his  ancestors,  but  the  result  was  that  he 
became  a  Baptist,  and  joine.d,  by  baptism,  the  Sec- 
ond church  of  Charleston,  in  1854.  In  June,  1854, 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  before  he  was  of  age, 
by  special  dispensation  of  Presiding  Judge  J.  B. 
O'Neal!,  a  name  dear  to  all  Baptists  in  South  Cai-- 
olina.  He  settled  in  Kingstree ;  joined  the  Bap- 
tists ;  helped  to  make  the  Bethlehem  church  re- 
spected and  influential ;  was  ordained  a  deacon  in 
1856  ;  had  a  fine  legal  practice  ;  became  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature  in -1858  ;  and  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  war,  in  1861,  joined  the  Confederate  army 
as  a  captain  ;  rose  to  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel 
of  25th  S.  C.  Vol.  Regiment ;  commanded  it  in 
every  battle  but  one,  until  disabled  by  wounds,  and 
often  prayed  with  his  men  around  the  camp-fire. 
He  was  a  brave  soldier.  He  was  trustee  of  Fur- 
man  University,  a  frequent  member  of  Baptist  State 
Conventions,  and  in  1868  a  member  of  the  Southern 
Baptist  Convention  at, Baltimore,  which  inaugu- 
rated the  good  feeling  then  fast  growing  between 
Southern  and  Northern  Baptists.  In  1869  he  re- 
moved to  California ;  located  at  Suisun  City  ;  joined 
the  Dixon  church  ;  entered  into  a  lucrative  practice ; 
Helped  to  organize  California  College;  was  a  trus- 
tee and  secretary  of  the  college  board  until  his  re- 
moval to  Santa  Rosa,  in  1873,  when  he  joined  the 
church  there;  was  chosen  deacon  and  Sunday- 
school  superintendent,  and  is  a  leader  in  the 
church.  Moderator  of  Association,  and  known 
everywhere  as  an  earnest  Baptist.  In  1875  he  was 
elected  county  judge.  In  1879  he  was  nominated 
by  Democrats,  and  indorsed  by  Republicans,  Work- 
ingmen,  and  the  Temperance  parties  for  superior 
judge,  and  elected,  which  position  he  occupies  with 
distinguished  ability.  There  are  few  happier  Chris- 
tian homos  than  the  one  occupied  by  Judge  Pressley 
and  his  wife  at  Santa  Rosa,  Cal. 


Prevaux,  Rev.  Francis  Edward,  was  born  in 
Amesbury,  Mass.,  in  1822,  and  was  a  graduate  of 
Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1846,  and  pur- 
sued his  theological  studies  at  Newton.  On  leaving 
the  institution  he  received  an  appointment  from 
the  American  Baptist  Home  Missionary  Society  to 
go  to  California  as  a  missionary  to  the  new  settle- 
ments of  that  State.  He  not  only  preached  but 
engaged  also  in  the  work  of  teaching.  Although 
his  connection  with  the  Home  Missionary  Society 
was  not  of  long  continuance,  he  remained  in  the  ' 
vocation  to  which  he  deemeil  himself  called  by  the 
voice  of  Providence.  Ten  yearS  were  devoted  to 
his  work,  when  the  disease  which  terminated  fatally 
compelled  him  to  return  to  his  Eastern  friends  in 
Salisbury,  Mass.,  where  he  died  May  12,  1860. 

Price,  Rev.  Jonathan  D.,  in  early  life  was  a 
Presbyterian,  and  had  studied  at  Princeton  Col- 
lege. He  was  born  and  reared  in  New  Jersey. 
Expecting  to  go  as  a  missionary,  in  order  to  in- 
crease his  usefulness  he  took  gi  course  in  a  medi- 
cal college  at  Philadelphia.  While  reading  the 
news  from  the  Baptist  missions  he  was  led  to  in- 
vestigate the  subject  of  the  ordinances,  became  a 
Baptist,  was  ordained  at  Piiiladelphia.  shared  with 
Judson  the  savage  barbarities  of  Oung-pen-la,  after- 
wards had  a  prospect  of  great  influence  with  the 
king  and  court  because  of  his  medical  skill,  but 
died  in  1828.  His  wife  was  the  first  female  mis- 
sionary laid  in  the  grave  in  Burmah.  This  early 
link  between  the  Baptists  of  New  .Jersey  and  for- 
eign missions  is  calculated  to  animate  zeal  and  ac- 
tivity in  conquering  the  world  for  Christ. 

Price,  Rev.  Thomas,  Ph.D.,  was  born  in  Bre- 
conshire,  Wales,  on  the  17th  of  April,  1820.  He 
was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Watergate 
Baptist  church,  Brecon,  by  the  Rev.  .John  Evans. 
At  the  age  of  twent^'-one  he  left  the  rural  scenes 
of  4his  ancient  Welsh  town  for  the  metropolis. 
Here  he  united  at  first  with  the  AVelsh  church  at 
Moorfields,  and  subsequently  with  the  Eagle  Street 
church,  whence,  in  1841,  he  was  sent  to  Pontypool 
College  to  pursue  his  studies  for  the  Christian  min- 
istry. 

In  1845,  Mr.  Price  was  invited  to  assume  the  pas- 
toral charge  of  the  Calvaria  Baptist  church  in  Aber- 
dare.  It  was  at  the  time  a  feeble  interest,  and  the 
only  church  of  the  Baptist  fiiith  (with  perhaps  one 
exception)  in  the  whole  of  that  vicinity.  The 
growth  of  the  town,  in  consequence  of  the  develop- 
ment of  large  iron  and  coal  interests,  was  rapid 
and  substantial,  but  not  more  so  than  the  growth 
of  the  Baptist  cause  under  the  vigorous  administra- 
tion of  ^Ir.  Price.  In  1851  a  new  building  was 
decided  upon,  with  a  seating  capacity  for  1000 
hearers.  The  work  of  the  succeeding  ten  years  is 
unprecedented  in  the  history  of  the  denomination 
in  Wales.     Large  and  commodious  churches  were 


PRICE 


939 


PRICHARD 


built  at  Llwydcoed,  Mill  Street,  Cwmdare,  Gadlys 
Ynislwyd,  Aberamati,  Cwiiiaiiian,  Capcouch,  and 
the  edifice  previously  occupied  by  the  Welsh  church 
was  fitted  up  and  used  by  a  flourishing  English  con- 
gregation. 

In  1862  there  were  3090  meiubers  in  full  com- 
munion in  the  Al)erdare  Valley,  over  1000  at  ('al- 
varia,  the  parent  church,  alone.  No  such  record 
of  aggressive  work  can  be  instanced  of  any  other 
single  pastor  within  the  boundaries  of  the  princi- 
pality. 

Nor  has  the  great  strength  of  this  indefatigable 
worker  l)eeti  confined  to  the  interests  of  his  own 
church.  All  the  great  movements  of  a  social  and 
political  character  find  in  him  an  energetic  and 
commanding  supporter.  lie  has  been,  and  still  is, 
a  prominent  leader  and  moulder  of  public  sentiment 
on  every  great  question  of  social,  national,  and  re- 
ligious interest.  The  citizens  have  on  frecjuent  oc- 
casions testified  their  appreciation  of  his  services 
in  a  befitting  manner.  His  pleasant  home  is  a  per- 
fect gallery  of  costly  testimonials,  indicating  a  life 
of  remarkable  activity  and  a  versatility  of  talent 
rarely  found  in  the  same  person. 

Dr.  Price  has  been  for  many  years  on  the  staff 
of  the  Seren  Gomer,  and  was  for  a  considerable 
period  co-editor  of  the  Gweoii,  an  undennminational 
newspaper  of  wide  influence.  He  was  likewise  joint 
editor  of  the  Gweithewo,  a  social  and  political  paper, 
devoted  mainly  to  the  interests  of  the  working 
classes.  lie  was  princip^il  promoter  and  one  of 
the  editors  of  the  Gwyliedydd  and  the  Medelwo 
lewanc,  and  was  for  many  years  chief  editor  of  the 
Seren  Cymru,  the  leading  organ  of  the  AVelsh 
Baptists  in  the  principality. 

As  lecturer  and  preacher.  Dr.  Price  is  known 
throughout  the  letigth  and  breadth  of  Great  Britain. 
His  realistic  power  is  remarkable.  He  speaks  of 
the  remote  past  with  a  quaint  familiarity  which 
sometimes  borders  on  the  grotescjue,  but  which  is 
immensely  efl'ective  on  the  popular  mind.  The 
simple  narratives  of  Scripture  seldom  glow  with  a 
purer  lustre  than  when  garnished  with  his  peculiar 
genius.  In  every  form  of  descriptive  speech  lie  is 
an  accomplished  master. 

Long  life  and  a  glory-tinted  old  age  to  the  vet- 
eran who  has  been  so  true  and  brave  in  the  moral 
and  spiritual  conflicts  of  his  country  and  his  times  ! 

Price,  Rev.  Thomas  Jones,  was  born  in  the 

town  of  Hay,  Breconshire,  North  Wales,  March  9, 
1805;  came  with  his  parents  to  America  in  181S, 
and  settled  in  Clark  Co.,  0. ;  was  converted  at  the 
age  of  fifteen,  and  soon  after  l)egan  to  preach,  being 
then  known  as  the  boy  preacher.  His  work  was 
for  the  most  part  within  the  bounds  of  the  Mad 
River  Association,  Ohio,  over  which  he  presided 
fur  thirty-nine  years,  and  in  which  he  exercised  a 
controllins;  influence.     He  was  somewhat  eccentric 


in  his  methods  of  work,  and  had  a  special  liking 
for  the  itinerant  system,  preaching  at  the  same 
time  for  a  number  of  churches.  Being  blessed 
with  a  competency,  it  was  his  delight  to  supply 
feeble  churches,  to  help  the  poor,- and  to  give  to 
the  cause  of  missions  at  home  and  abroad.  Under 
the  title  of  "  Elder"  Price  he  was  known  far  ami 
near,  and  is  remembered  most  affectionately  by 
thousands  of  people.  He  died  April  15,  1876,  and 
was  buried  at  Urbana,  0. 

Prichard,  John,  D.D.,  was  born  in  the  parish 
of  Llaneilian,  near  Amlwch,  Wales,  in  the  month 
of  March,  1796.  He  was  led  to  the  acceptance  of 
the  Baptist  faith  from  hearing  a  sermon  preached 
by  a  distinguished  Calvinistic  Methodist  (Rev. 
John  Prythcrch)  on  the  sufferings  of  Christ, 
from  the  text,  "  I  have  a  baptism  to  be  baptized 
with,  and  how  am  I  straitened  until  it  is  ac- 
complished?" He  was  immersed  by  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Rees  Davics.  He  entered  the  college  at 
-Vbergavenny  at  the  age  of  twenty-five.  His  first 
and  only  settlement  was  Llangollen.  He  was  a 
most  ini'.efatigable  worker  in  the  cause  of  Christ. 
Ilis  influence  was  felt  more  widely  than  that  of 
any  other  pastor  in  the  northern  counties  of  the 
principality  for  many  years.  He  labored  diligently 
to  establish  an  English  church  in  Llangollen,  and 
not  without  efiect.  In  1862  a  college  for  the  train- 
ing of  young  men  for  the  Christian  ministry  was 
established  largely  through  his  influence,  of  which 
he  became  the  president. 

Dr.  Prichard  wrote  much  for  the  press.  Early 
in  Jiis  ministry  he  started  a  monthly  magazine 
for  the  use  of  Baptist  Sunday-schools,  called  IV 
Aihraw  (The  Teacher),  which  he  conducted  single- 
handed  for  many  years.  He  likewise  published  a 
compendium  of  doctrines,  called  "  The  First  Cate- 
chism," upwards  of  thirty  thousand  co|)ies  of  which 
were  sold,  not  to  mention  the  reprint  of  the  same 
in  this  country.  Many  pamphlets  of  great  value 
were  likewise  the  production  of  his  pen. 

He  was  an  able  and  instructive  preacher.  Many 
of  his  contemporaries  exceeded  him  in  brilliancy, 
but  in  sanctified  common  sense  and  exalted  ))iety 
he  was  unsurpassed.  Few  men  served  their  age 
more  faithfully  and  well.  He  died  on  the  7th  of 
September,  1875,  in  his  eightieth  year. 

Prichard,  Rev.  John  Lamb,  was  born  in  Pas- 
quotank Co.,  N.  C.  Prof.  John  Armstrong  found 
him,  at  the  age  of  twenty-three,  a  carpenter,  and 
awakened  in  him  a  thirst  for  knowledge.  The 
next  year,  1835,  he  presented  himself  at  Wake 
Forest  Institute,  then  a  manual  labor  school,  with 
his  kit  of  tools  on  his  shoulder,  and  asked  the  priv- 
ilege of  working  for  an  education.  In  1840  he 
graduated  with  honor,  spent  a  year  as  master  of 
an  academy  in  Murfreesborough,  N.  C,  and  then,  at 
the  instance  of  the  Rev.  John  Kerr,  settled  as  pastor 


PRIME 


940 


PRITCHARD 


of  the  Danville  Baptist  church,  in  Virginia.  Here 
he  remained  ten  years,  preaching  a  part  of  the  time 
for  the  churches  of  Yanceyville  and  Milton,  in 
North  Carolina.  In  1852  he  removed  to  Lynch- 
burg, Va.,  where  for  four  years  he  labored  with 
intense  ardor  and  distinguished  success.    . 

In  18.')6  he  became  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
■church  of  Wilmington,  N.  C,  and  at  once  entered 
upon  the  enterprise  of  erecting  a  new  house  of  wor- 
ship. He  was  not  permitted  to  finish  this  work, 
but  he  lived  long  enough  to  see  that  his  labors 
would  be  rewarded  by  giving  the  Baptists  of  AVil- 
mington  the  handsomest  church  structure  in  the 
State. 

In  1862  the  little  blockade  steamer  "  Kate" 
brought  the  yellow  fever  to  Wilmington,  and 
among  its  last  and  noblest  victims  was  this  great 
and  good  man.  He  died  a  hero  and  a  martyr,  and 
his  virtues  have  been  fittingly  commemorated  in  an 
admirable  memoir  by  the  Rev.  J.  D.  Huf  ham,  D.D. 
Mr.  Prichard  was  twice  married,  first  to  Miss  Mary 
B.  Hinton,  of  Wake  Co.,  N.  C.  His  second  wife 
was  Miss  Jane,  eldest  daughter  of  Dr.  James  B. 
Taylor,  of  Richmond,  Va.  Ilis  eldest  son,  Robert, 
graduated  at  Wake  Forest  College,  and  was  an  ac- 
cepted missionary  to  China,  where  he  died.  His 
eldest  daughter,  Mary,  is  the  wife  of  Prof.  Charles 
E.  Taylor,  of  Wake  Forest  College. 

Prime,  Rev.  George  M.,  was  born  in  Vermont 
in  1802;  received  a  liberal  education,  and  entered 
upon  the  practice  of  medicine  first  in  IMississippi  and 
Louisiana.  In  1830  he  settled  in  Little  Rock,  Ark., 
where  he  continued  some  years,  and  then  removed 
to  Camden.  He  became-ti  Baptist  about  1858,  while 
practising  his  profession  in  Franklin  Parish,  La. 
He  was  soon  after  ordained  to  the  ministry,  and 
in  a  few  years  returned  to  xVrkansas  and  devoted 
himself  entirely  to  the  ministry.  Dr.  Prime  was  a 
fine  writer,  and  at  one  time  paid  much  attention 
to  art  as  an  amateur  portrait-painter.  He  died  at 
Eldorado,  Ark.,  March  1,  1869. 

Prince  Edward  Island  Baptists.— See  article 
on  Nova  Scotia  Baptists. 

Prior,  Rev.  John  Thomas,  a  native  of  Georgia, 
was  born  in  Madison,  Morgan  Co.,  Feb.  27,  1847. 
At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  was  immersed,  and  joined 
the  Bethlehem  church,  of  which  his  father  was  an 
honored  deacon.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he 
entered  Mercer  University,  and  graduated  from 
the  full  course  in  1S70.  He  began  preaching  early 
in  life,  under  a  license  from  the  Bethlehem  church. 
In  1871  he  was  ordained,  and  engaged  in  teaching 
in  important  schools  of  the  South.  In  1872  he 
accepted  a  call  from  the  Dixon  church.  California, 
acting  as  associate  pastor  for  fifteen  months.  In 
1874  he  was  pastor  at  Grand  Island.  The  next 
five  years  he  was  pastor  of  the  Hopewell  and 
Woodland   churches.      In    California    he    gained 


general  confidence  as  a  writer,  and  was  cordially 
welcomed  to  the  business  and  editorial  control  of 
the  Evangel,  the  duties  of  which  he  assumed  in 
1879.  As  a  pastor  and  preacher  he  has  been  very 
successful. 

Pritchard,  T.  H..,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Charlotte, 
N.  C,  Feb.  8,  1832;  baptized  by  Dr.  AV.  T.  Burke 
in  1849;  graduated  at  Wake  Forest  College  in 
1854;  served  the  college  one  year  as  agent;  was 
ordained  pastor  of  Hartford  church,  N.  C,  Novem- 
ber, 1855,  Dr.  Wm.  Hooper  preaching  the  sermon  ; 
read  theology  for  a  while  with  Dr.  J.  A.  Broatius, 
in  Charlottesville,  Va.  ;  was  pastor  of  the  Franklin 
Square  church  of  Baltimore  from  January,  I860, 
to  "July,  1863  ;  filled  the  pulpit  of  First  church, 
Raleigh,  N.  C,  from  November,  1863,  to  May,  1865, 
during  the  absence  of  pastor.  Dr.  T.  E.  Skinner,  in 


T.   H.   PRITCHARD.  D.D. 

Europe ;  settled  as  pastor  of  First  church,  Peters- 
burg, Va.,  in  July,  1865 ;  resumed  care  of  the 
Raleigh  church  in  February,  1868,  and  remained 
in  this  position  till  called  to  the  presidency  of 
Wake  Forest  College,  in  July,  1879.  For  seven 
years  Dr.  Pritchard  was  chairman  of  the  Board  of 
Missions  of  State  Convention  ;  and  was  for  several 
years  associate  editor  of  Biblical  Recorder.  He 
received  the  title  of  D.D.  from  the  University  of 
North  Carolina  in  1868.  His  fiither,  Rev.  J.  P. 
Pritchard.  has  lived  in  Texas  for  twenty-five  years. 
•  Dr.  T.  II.  Pritchard  is  doing  a  noble  work  for 
Wake  Forest  College,  and  his  great  ability  and 
piety  qualify  him  for  eminent  success  in  any  de- 
partment of  ministerial  labor. 


PROGRESS 


941 


PROGRESS 


Progress  of  Baptist  Principles  in  other  De- 
nominations.— The  Baptists  have  increased  at  a 
rate  within  a  hundred  years  wliich  is  fitted  to  excite 
astonishment.  In  1784  we  liad  471  churches  and 
35,101  members  in  this  country,  now  we  liave 
2G,0()0  churches  and  2,290,327  members.  But  our 
princij)lcs  liavo  spread  very  widely  in  other  re- 
ligious communities. 

Ever  since  the  Saviour  said,  "  My  kingdom  is 
not  of  this  world;  if  n)y  kingdom  were  of  this 
world,  then  would  my  servants  jight,'"  Baptists 
have  repudiated  the  connection  between  church 
and  state,  by  which  the  latter  supports  the  former. 
About  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century  the 
Quakers  and  Baptists  were  severely  persecuted  in 
Massachusetts,  and  numbers  of  both  communities 
were  banished.  '"  Toleration  was  preached  against 
as  a  sin  in  rulers,  that  would  bring  down  tiie  judg- 
ment of  heaven  upon  the  land.  Mr.  Dudley  (the 
deputy  governor)  died  with  a  cojiy  of  verses  in  his 
pocket,  of  which  the  two  following  lines  make  a 
part 

'  Let  men  of  Goil,  in  court  iiiid  churches,  watch 
O'er  .such  Jis  do  a  tolertttinn  hatclt.'"* 

John  Adams,  subsequently  President  of  the 
United  States,  while  he  was  at  the  Continental 
Congress,  in  1774,  declared  that  it  was  against  the 
consciences  of  the  people  of  Massachusetts  to  make 
any  change  in  their  laws  about  religion;  that 
Israel  Pomberton  the  Quaker,  and  Isaac  Backus 
the  Baptist  minister,  who  were  seeking  deliver- 
ance for  their  brethren,  suffering  imprisonment  in 
Massachusetts  jails  for  their  religious  opinions, 
might  as  well  think  tliejj  could  change  the  move- 
ments of  the  heavenly  bodies  as  alter  their  religious 
laws.f  This  was  the  doctrine  of  American  Congre- 
gationalists  during  the  struggle  for  independence. 

In  Virginia  the  Episcopal  state  church  levied 
taxes  to  support  her  ministry,  with  an  oppressive 
severity  from  the  settlement  of  the  colony  down  to 
the  time  when  Revolutionary  liberty  and  Baptist 
and  Presbyterian  growth  deprived  her  of  her  unjust 
exactions.  But  after  this  an  insidious  effort  was 
made  to  pass  an  assessment  law,  by  which  each  man 
should  be  compelled  to  pay  a  tax  to  support  his  own 
minister.  Patrick  IlcnryJ  favored  the  assessment, 
and  Washington  and  John  Marshall,  the  future 
chief  justice  of  the  United  States,^  and  the  Presby- 
terian ministers  of  Virginia,  and,  of  course,  the 
Episcopal  Church.  But  the  Baptists  and  Pres- 
byterian laymen  finally  secured  the  rejection  of  the 
assessment  in  1785.  Thomas  Jefferson,  the  great 
friend  of  liberty  in  worshiping  God  for  the  Baptists 

'*  Grinishaw'g  History  of  the  United  States,  pp.  hT,  58.    Philadel- 
phia, 18:iC. 
t  Life  and  Worka  of  .John  Ailams,  ii.  399. 
X  Wirt's  Life  of  Tatrick  Henry,  p.  2G3.     Hartford. 
J  Rives'g  Life  and  Times  of  James  Madison,  i.  601-2. 


of  Virginia,  says,  in  a  letter  to  Dr.  Rush,  "  There 
was  a  hope  confidently  cherished  about  1800  that 
there  might  be  a  state  church  throughout  the  United 
States,  and  this  expectation  was  specially  cherished 
by  Episcopalians  and  Congregationalists."|| 

To-day,  in  our  broad  country,  in  every  denom- 
ination of  Protestants,  the  Baptist  doctrine,  that 
religion  should  be  free  from  state  guardianship  and 
financial  support,  is  universally  accepted. 

In  the  time  of  Jonathan  Edwards,  one  of  the 
greatest  of  American  thinkers,  and  one  of  the  most 
devout  Cliristians  that  ever  ministered  in  a  Congre- 
gational meeting-house,  his  church  in  Northamp- 
ton, Mass.,  admitted  to  the  Lord's  Supper  "  those 
who  really  rejected  Jesus  Christ  and  disliked  the 
gospel  way  of  salvation  in  their  hearts,  and  knew 
that  this  was  true  of  themselves  ;"  and  the  church 
had  a  method  of  admitting  such  member-s  "with- 
out lying  and  hypocrisy."'  This  system  "  spread 
very  much  among  ministers  and  people  in  that 
county  and  in  other  parts  of  New  England."^ 
When  Mr.  Edwards,  in  1749,  felt  compelled  to 
take  the  ground  that  none  but  real  Christians  have 
a  right  to  come  to  the  Lord's  Supper,  his  Baptist 
platform  for  the  communion  table  created  a  great 
ferment  throughout  the  town,  and  a  general  cry  for 
his  dismissal  was  heard,  and  the  next  year  he  was 
driven  from  a  church  where  the  Lord  had  so  sig- 
nally honored  his  ministry.  Isaac  Backus  brought 
the  same  charge  against  the  First  Congregational 
church  of  Norwich,  Conn.,  in  1745.  As  Dr.  Ilovey 
relates  it,  "  Men  who  entertained  no  hope  them- 
selves, and  who  gave  no  evidence  to  others  that 
they  had  been  renewed  by  the  Spirit  of  God,  were 
often,  if  not  generally,  admitted  to  all  the  privi- 
leges and  ordinances  of  the  Christian  church."** 
This  system,  out  of  whicli  Unitarianism  grew  in 
New  England,  was  a  wide-spread  and  malignant 
evil  one  hundred  and  thirty  j^ears  ago. 

The  Presbyterian  Church  in  America  was  in  the 
same  situation.  The  Larger  Catechism  of  that 
church  says  of  baptism,  "Whereby  the  parties 
baptized  are  solemnly  admittid  into  the  visible 
church,  and  enter  into  an  open  and  professed  en- 
gagement to  be  wholly  and  only  the  Lord's."tt  In 
the  time  of  Edwards  this  article,  framed  by  the 
AVestminster  Assembly,  was  in  full  force,  the  child 
of  church  members  was  admitteii  into  the  church 
by  baptism,  and  in  youth  on  merely  repeating  the 
catechism,  without  any  reference  to  a  new  heart, 
was  permitted  to  go  to  the  Lord's  table.  Curtis 
states  that  at  the  time  when  Princeton  Seminary 
was  founded,  "  so  far  from   conversion  being  es- 


I  Memoirs,  Correspondence,  etc.,  ill.  341.    Charlottesville,  1829. 
If  Works  of  Jonathan  Kdwards,  i.  Pref.  clvii.     London,  1840. 
•*  Life  and  Times  of  Isaac  Itackus,  p.  44.     Boston,  1859. 
tt  Tl'e  Constitution  of  the    J'reshyterian   Church,  pp.  341-42. 
Preshyterian  Board  of  Puhlication  Philadelphia. 


PROGRESS 


942 


PROSELYTE 


teemed  necessary  to  full  coininunion,  it  was  a  mat- 
ter of  formal  discussion  whether  it  was  proper  to 
require  the  credible  profession  of  a  change  of  heart 
in  the  ministry,  and  considered  that  it  was  not. 
Yet  even  now  there  is  nothing  in  their  Confession 
of  Faith  to  prevent  the  reception  of  unconverted 
persons  as  communicants.  The  Established  Church 
'  of  Scotland,  with  a  similar  confession  [the  same], 
'  does  not  require  conversion."* 

As  late  as  the  Revolution  the  Episcopalians  were 
lamentably  indifferent  about  the  conversion  of  the 
clergy  as  a  qualification  for  their  sacred  office,  and 
about  the  regeneration  of  the  laity  as  a  needful 
preparation  for  the  Eucharist. 

In  our  day  the  Congregational  ministry  and 
membership  stand  on  the  Saviour's  platform  of 
conversion.  No  one  can  unite  with  the  Presby- 
terian Church  of  this  country  without  satisfying 
the  minister  and  elders  that  he  has  a  new  heart. 
And  even  in  evangelical  congregations  of  the  Epis- 
copal Church  the  godly  rector  in  preparing  his 
"confirmation  class"  for  Uie  bishop  will  exercise 
much  vigilance  to  see  that  each  of  them  is  born 
"  from  above.'' 

Infant  baptism  is  suffering  from  a  rapid  decline. 
In  the  time  of  Edwards  every  infant  in  the  col- 
onies, whose  parents  were  not  Baptists  or  Quakers, 
was  duly  christened  shortly  after  birth,  just  as  every 
similar  child  in  England  is  baptized  in  our  day.  But 
with  us  now  there  are  hosts  of  unsprinkled  children 
whose  parents  are  pious"  Pedobaptists.  Many  of 
the  most  devoted  members  of  non-Baptist  commu- 
nities leave  their  children  to  select  their  own  form 
of  baptism  when  they  Jtre  converted.  Curtis,  whose 
work  was  published'  in  1855,  among  other  evi- 
dences of  the  decline  of  infant  baptism  quotes 
from  a  "  recent  number''  of  the  Journal  of  Com- 
mei'ce  the  statement  of. its  Boston  correspondent, 
who  says,  "  In  our  Congregational  churches  we 
fear  that  there  is  considerable  indifference  and 
neglect  in  reference  to  infant  baptism.  In  one  of 
our  oldest  churches  in  this  State  there  had  not 
been  a  few  years  since  an  instance  of  infiint  bap- 
tism for  the  seven  preceding  years.  Last  year 
there  were  seventy  Congregational  churches  in  New 
Hampshire  that  reported  no  infant  baptisms.  This 
year  ninety-six  churches  report  none.  If  this  indif- 
ference continues  the  ordinance  will  become  extinct 
in  the  Congregational  churches." 

In  1827,  Curtis  states  that  there  was  one  infant 
baptized  in  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United 
States  to  every- 13^  communicants,  and  in  1853 
the  tables  of  the  Old  and  New  School  Presbyterians 
being  counted  together,  infant  baptism  had  de- 
creased from  13^  to  'I'l^js-  This  is  a  reduction  of 
not  quite  a  half  in  a  few  years.f     Among  the  Meth- 

*  Progress  of  Hnptist  rriiiciplcs,  ji.  66.    Boston,  1S35. 
t  Idem,  pii.  131-35.    Boston,  1865. 


odists  the  'ceremony  is  treated  with  even  less  con- 
sideration, and  the  decay  is  still  in  rapid  progress. 
Our  principles  have  invaded  the  churches  of 
our  brethren  of  the  evangelical  denominations,  and 
they  have  expelled  state-churchisni  from  every  one 
of  them  :  they  have  shown  them  the  Saviour's 
grand  doctrine  that  a  church  should  be  composed 
of  converted  members,  .which  has  been  adopted 
extensively,  and  they  arc  breathing  a  withering 
decline  over  the  practice  of  infant  baptism.  In  our 
own  denominational  fold,  by  the  blessing  of  God.  we* 
have  gathered  a  host  of  converts  and  trained  them 
for  the  highest,  usefulness.  We  have  reared  many 
noble  institutions  of  learning,  sent  out  missionaries 
whom  God  has  greatly  blessed,  and  exerted  a  pow- 
erful influence  in  favor  of  true  liberty  on  the  State 
and  National  institutions  of  our  country,  and  out- 
side of  it  in  America  our  work  has  been  almost  as 
great.  And  it  is  likely  that  our  influence  in  other 
denominations  will  continue,  and  even  spread,  until 
"alien  baptisms''  will  equal  Baptist  immersions, 
and  children  will  be  relieved  from  the  initiatory 
•  rite  altogether,  and  one  great  fold  will  embrace  the 
whole  regenerated  followers  of  the  Lamb. 

Proper,  Rev.  CatUS  D.,  was  born  in  Van  Buren 
Co.,  Iowa,  Jan.  31,  1844.  In  1862,  during  his  aca- 
demic course  at  Mount  Pleasant,  he  entered  the 
army  and  served  three  years.  In  January,  1866, 
he  united  with  the  Paptist  Church.  He  afterwards 
engaged  for  a  time  in  teaching  school  and  farming, 
and  while  thus  occupied  he  was  impressed  with  the 
conviction  that  it  was  his  duty  to  preach  the  gospel. 
In  1872  he  was  ordained.  In  1873  he  went  to  the 
Theological  Seminary,  Chicago,  where  he  graduated 
from  the  special  course  in  1875.  In  1875  he  set- 
tled as  pastor  at  Ames,  Iowa,  where  he  remained 
two  years.  During  this  time  56  were  added  to  the 
church.  In  1877  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  church, 
at' Iowa  Falls.  He  resigned  this  pastorate  to  be- 
come State  Sunday-School  missionary  of  the  Amer- 
ican Baptist  Publication  Society  and  of  the  Iowa 
Baptist  State  Convention.  He  gave  to  this  work 
fifteen  months  of  earnest  and  successful  labor,  and 
then  returned  to  the  pastorate,  settling  with  the 
East  Des  Moines  Baptist  church,  his  present  field 
of  labor. 

Proselyte  Baptism  of  the  Jews  is  still  a  living 

institution,  and  occasionally  in  the  United  States  it 
is  administered.  Dr.  Lightfoot  says  that  "  As  soon 
as  the  proselyte  grows  whole  of  the  wound  of  cir- 
cumcision they  bring  him  to  baptism,  and  placed 
in  the  water,  they  again  instruct  him  in  some 
weightier  and  in  some  lighter  commands  of  the 
law  ;  which  being  heard,  he  plunges  himself,  and 
comes  up,  and  behold  he  is  an  Israelite  indeed  in 
all  things.''  To  explain  what  the  plunging  is  he 
quotes  from  INIaimonides.  "  Every  person  baptized 
must  dip  his  whole  body,  now  stripped  and  made 


PROUD FOOT 


943 


PROVIDENCE 


naked,  at  one  dippin<r."  (Whole  A¥orks,  vol.  xi. 
pp.  59,  61.  London,  182(3.)  This  complete  dipping 
is  still  required  for  a  Pagan  or  a  Christian  em- 
bracing Judaism.  (The  Baptism  of  the  Ages,  p. 
192.     Publication  Society,  Philadelphia.) 

PrOUdfoot,  Rev.  Richard,  was  horn  in  the  city 
of  London  in  1770.  He  came  to  America  prior  to 
the  war  of  1812,  and  became  a  student  under  the 
celebrated  Dr.  Staughton,  of  Philadelphia.  Soon 
after  his  course  of  preparatory  study  for  the  work 
of  the  ministry,  he  settled  in  Cambria  County, 
when  that  section  was  almost  an  unbroken  wilder- 
ness. Ilis  field  of  labor  stretched  over  the  Alle- 
ghanies  and  eastward  to  Huntingdon,  Stone  Creek, 
Mill  Creek,  Shirleysburg,  and  parts  adjacent.  In 
all  these  places  the  fruits  of  his  labor  are  very  appar- 
ent in  churches  still  existing.  He  traveled  over 
this  immense  region,  sometimes  on  foot  or  in  the 
saddle,  amid  all  conditions  of  weather,  until  called 
home  to  his  reward,  May  2,  IS4."),  aged  seventy- 
five  years.  His  place  of  burial  is  at  Three  Springs, 
Huntingdon  County.  Brother  Proudfoot  stands 
among  the  honored  band  of  twenty-six  ministers, 
from  eleven  different  States,  who  assembled  in 
Philadelphia,  May  18,  1814,  and  organized  the  Bap- 
tist Triennial  Convention,  and,  at  the  same  time, 
recognized  and  appointed  Judson  and  Rice  as  mis- 
sionaries in  Burmah. 

Providence. — That  God  created  the  world  and 
everything  in  it  we  assume,  and  that  he  exercises 
dominion  over  these  works  of  his  hands  his  Word 
unmistakably  teaches.  His  government  of  the 
world  is  plainly  to  be  inferred  from  tlie  vast  and 
diversified  interest  he  has  shown  in  summoning  it 
into  existence.  The  maker  of  a  powerful  engine, 
requiring  great  skill  and  patient  toil,  would  not 
leave  it  at  work  without  superintendence,  and  with-  j 
out  protection  from  the  efforts  of  the  evil  disposed, 
who  might  readily  destroy  its  efficiency.  Jehovah 
has  complete  control  of  the  world  and  all  its  move- 
ments, and  his  government  is  in  continual  exercise 
for  the  best  interests  of  our  race. 

The  supreme  reasan  for  each  earthly  act  is  the 
order  of  Jehovah.  We  do  not  speak  of  the  causes 
of  events,  Vtut  the  reasons,  without  which  they  can- 
not exist  in  this  world.  God  has  two  classes  of 
orders,  decrees  of  permission  and  decrees  of  appoint- 
ment. By  the  former  he  allows  men  and  demons 
to  commit  acts  of  wrong  which  thc^y  have  planned, 
and  for  the  conception  and  execution  of  which  they 
are  solely  responsible.  By  the  latter  he  directly 
ordains  the  existence  of  pure  and  merciful  events. 
And  by  these  two  classes  of  divine  orders  Jesus 
rules  the  world.  Job's  experience  furnishes  an  il- 
lustration of  God's  decrees  of  permission  and  of 
appointment.  When  Satan  turned  the  fury  of  the 
tornado  upon  the  house  in  which  his  children  were 
feasting,  and   his  sons  were  killed,  he  said,  "  The 


Lord  gave  and  the  Lord  hath  taken  away,  blessed 
be  the  name  of  the  Lord.''  By  divine  appointment 
Job's  sons  came  to  him  ;  by  dWxn^ permission  Satan 
destroyed  his  young  men,  and  Job  recognizes  the 
dominion  of  God  in  both  events.  The  Saviour 
says,  "All  power  is  given  unto  me  in  heaven  and 
in  earth."  The  word  power  [i^ovaia)  used  by 
Matthew  means  authority,  sovereignty,  dominion. 
Christ;  then,  has  entire  control  of  the  birds  of  the 
air,  the  fish  of  the  sea,  the  beasts  of  the  field,  and 
the  whole  movements  of  human  beings,  and  of  all 
the  elements,  and  of  all  the  worlds,  of  everything, 
and  of  every  one  that  can  influence  mortals  favor- 
ably, unfavorably,  or  indifferently.  He  received 
this  authority  to  use  it,  and  he  cannot  be  unfaith- 
ful to  his  trust.  "  He  doeth  according  to  his  will  in 
the  army  of  heaven,  and  among  the  inhabitants  of 
the  earth." 

Instruments  of  the  Saviour'' s  Providential  Govern- 
ment.— He  uses  what  we  call  accidents  as  the  in- 
struments of  his  providential  government.  When 
the  voice  of  God  arrested  the  knife  with  which 
Abraham  was  going  to  kill  Isaac,  he  found  a  ram 
caught  in  a  thicket  ready  for  the  altar  from  which 
his  only  son  was  released.  No  human  being  en- 
ticed the  ram  to  the  thicket,  or  drove,  or  bound  it 
there ;  Jehovah  drew  it  by  the  attractive  shrubs, 
or  the  sweet  grass,  and  unconsciously  it  pressed 
forward  until  its  horns  were  firmly  held  by  the 
tangled  brush  ;  and  by  this  apparent  accident  the 
Lord  provided  for  the  necessities  of  Abraham's 
situation,  as  he  has  done  myriads  of  times  since 
for  the  needs  of  others. 

The  worst  crimes  of  men  are  instruments  of  God's 
government.  The  special  love  which  Jacob  cher- 
ished for  Joseph  stirred  up  the  fierce  malice  of  his 
brothers,  and  at  first  they  proposed  to  murder  him, 
and  then  they  concluded  to  sell  him  into  slavery 
and  tell  his  father  that  a  wild  beast  had  killed  him. 
A  band  of  Ishmaelites  going  down  to  Egypt,  no 
doubt  knowing  that  he  was  as  free  as  themselves, 
agreed  to  buy  him  and  to  aid  his  l)rothers  in  their 
great  crime.  When  Potiphar  bought  Joseph  the 
wickedness  of  his  wife  soon  covered  the  young 
Hebrew  with  infamy  and  cast  him  into  prison. 
Three  parties,  by  as  many  distinct  iniquities,  lent 
their  aid  to  place  Joseph  in  jail.  There  he  inter- 
preted the  dream  of  a  high  officer  in  Pharaoh's 
palace,  he  in  process  of  time  mentioned  Joseph  to 
the  king,  whose  mysterious  visions  he  explained, 
and  Joseph  became  governor  of  all  Egypt,  and 
saved  its  people  and  the  inhabitants  of  the  adjacent 
countries,  including  his  father  and  brothers,  from 
the  horrors  of  a  seven  years'  famine.  The  basest 
passions  of  men's  hearts  are  often  turned  by  Je- 
hovah into  channels  of  benevolence. 

Henry  VIII.,  of  England,  wrote  a  book  against 
Luther,  and  was  the  strongest  partisan  of  the  pa- 


PROVIDENCE 


944 


PROVIDENCE 


pacy  in  Europe.  But  the  Lord  deteriained  to  bring 
him  and  his  people  from  the  odious  tyranny  of 
Home.  Henry  fell  in  love  with  a  young  lady  of 
his  court,  and  for  certain  reasons  he  sought  a  di- 
vorce from  his  wife  Catherine  •'  the  pope  was  afraid 
to  offend  Charles  V.,  a  near  relative  of  the  queen, 
and  a  neighbor  of  his  holiness,  and  he  refused 
Henry's  application.  The  king  secured  a  divorce 
from  his  Parliament  and  married  Anne  'Boleyn. 
Upon  the  new  marriage  the  wrath  of  papal  Europe 
was  expended,  and  Queen  Anne,  who  loved  the 
Bible,  led  her  husband  and  his  kingdom  into  the 
ranks  of  the  Reformation.  Before,  and  since,  the 
Jews,  out  of  envy  and  hatred,  were  employed  by 
Jehovah  to  shed  the  blood  of  atonement  and  to 
purchase  our-  redemption  by  the  wounds  they  in- 
flicted upon  Jesus ;  in  innumerable  cases  God  has 
used  the  dark  passions  of  men  to  execute  his  plans 
of  love. 

The  towering  ambition  of  men  is  another  agency 
of  his  providence.  The  Medes  were  once  lying 
outside  of  Babylon,  resolved  to  increase  their  glory 
and  their  empire  by  the  capture  of  the  mightiest 
and  most  magnificent  city  on  earth.  Within  its 
walls  their  power  and  threats  were  regarded  with 
contempt.  One  night  the  king  made  a  great  feast 
for  a  thousand  of  his. lords,  and  during  the  joyful 
excitement  the  sacred  vessels  carried  from  the  tem- 
ple of  God  in  Jerusalem  by  the  plundering  Baby- 
lonians were  brought  to  the  favored  guests,  and 
they  drank  wine  out  of  them  in  honor  of  the  gods 
of  Babylon,  and  they  blasphemed  Jehovah.  Soon 
the  terrible  hand  and  writing  were  seen,  and  speed- 
ily the  ambitious  Medes  were  in  that  palace,  and 
that  night  guilty  Belshazzar  was  slain,  and  Darius 
sat  upon  his  throne. 

The  suggestions  of  Jehovah  influence  men  to  per- 
form the  behests  of  his  providence.  Just  as  evil 
spirits  can  make  suggestions  in  our  minds  without 
our  knowledge  of  their  presence,  so  can  Jehovah. 
When  Achan  concealed  the  precious  metals  and 
the  rich  robe  at  the  capture  of  Jericho,  his  brethren 
knew  nothing  of  his  crime.  The  rout  at  Ai  pro- 
claimed the  fact  that  some  one  had  sinned,  but 
said  nothing  about  the  transgressor.  The  lots  were 
cast,  and  Achan  was  unmasked  and  he  confessed. 
But  the  suggestions  of  God  himself  were  required 
to  guide  those  who  cast  the  lots.  So  when  Ilanian 
was  g'ling  to  hang  Mordecai,  the  man  of  God,  the 
night  before  the  king's  consent  was  to  be  solicited, 
Ahasuerus  could  not  sleep,  and  instead  of  music  or 
wijae  lie  had  the  chronicles  of  his  kingdom  read, 
and,  singularly  enough,  that  section  of  them  nar- 
rating that  Mordecai  had  saved  the  king  from  as- 
sassination, and  that  he  had  never  been  rewarded. 
Mordecai  was  honored  the  next  morning  by  Hainan 
leading  him  through  the  principal  street  of  Haljy- 
lon  with  the  king's  crown   upon   his  head  and  a 


royal  robe. around  him,  and  making  proclamation 
that  he  was  the  man  whom  the  king  delighted  to 
honor.  God  disturbed  the  king  that  sleepless 
night ;  he  suggested  the  chronicles  of  his  kingdom, 
and  the  section  about  Mordecai,  and  his  providence 
protected  his  life  and  honored  him.  It  was  Jehovah 
that  suggested  modern  missions  to  William  Carey, 
and  by  suggestion,  beycjnd  all  doubt,  harvests  of 
acts  of  God's  government  are  summoned  into  life. 
These  are  some  of  the  agencies  employed  by  divine 
pi-ovidence. 

Character  of  the  Government. — It  applies  to  every- 
thing aSecting  human  life,  even  the  smallest  mat- 
ters. The  Saviour  says,  "  Are  not  two  sparrows 
sold  for  a  farthiflg?  And  one  of  them  shall  not 
fall  on  the  ground  without  your  Father ;  but  the 
very  hairs  of  your  head  are  all  numbered ;  fear 
ye  not,  therefore,  ye  are  of  more  value  than  many 
sparrows." — Matt.  x.  29-31.  From  the  falling  of 
a  sparrow  to  the  jar  which  makes  a  globe  trem- 
ble the  Saviour's  providence  CQntrols  everything. 

It  rules  everything  wisely.  The  wheels  of  provi- 
dence, according  to  Ezekiel,  are  full  of  eyes,  and 
they  give  such  abundance  of  knowledge  that  there 
is  no  room  for  mistakes ;  and,  according  to  the 
same  writer,  the  God-man,  enthroned,  sat  on  a 
crystal  firmament,  watching  every  movement  of 
the  great  wheels  of  providence,  and  rendering  mis- 
takes impossible.  The  Stamp  Tax  and  the  Tea 
Duty  created  the  American  Revolution,  extended 
and  secured  the  liberties  of  this  land,  and  have 
made  our  country  a  miracle  of  progress,  without  a 
parallel  in  human  history.  Our  independence  gave 
the  Reform  Bill  and  vastly  extended  liberty  to  Eng- 
land and  to  all  her  colonies.  It  gave  freedom  to  all 
the  republics  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic;  and  it 
has  given  the  same  blessing  to  France  and  Italy, 
and,  in  some  measure,  to  Spain,  Prussia,  and  Aus- 
tria.    The  pi'ovidence  of  God  makes  no  mistakes. 

It  draws  blessings  from  all  sonrces.  The  foul 
waters  that  flow  from  the  sew^ers  of  a  large  city 
reach  the  river  and  the  oce.in,  and  the  sun  draws 
them  up  in  vapors  into  the  clouds,  but  in  their 
journey  they  lose  everything  poisonous  and  oSeu- 
sive,  and  they  descend  in  sweet  rains  to  fill  the 
fountains  and  the  rivers.  So  the  events  of  provi- 
dence are  all  turned  into  favors  for  the  children  of 
God,  "All  things  work  together  for  good  to  them 
th'at  love  God,  to  them  that  are  the  called  accord- 
ing to  his  purpose."'  "  No  weapon  that  is  formed 
against  them  shall  prosper."'  While  the  hands 
that  were  pierced  with  the  nails  of  Calvary  hold 
the  reins  of  earthly  movements,  started  by  mate- 
rial, Satanic,  or  human  agencies,  the  child  of  God 
is  safe:  his  wants  shall  be  supplied,  and  his  Mas- 
ter will  continually,  as  well  as  finally,  give  him 
j  the  victory. 

Providence,  First  Baptist  Church  of,  was 


PROVIDENCE 


945 


PKOVIDENCE 


founded  in  IG39.  This  ancient  church  has  a  grand 
history,  and  deserves  a  conspicuous  place  in  the 
'•  Baptist  Encyclopaedia."  In  March,  1639,  Ezekiel 
llolliman  baptized  llojror  Wiliiaiiis.  Mr.  Williams, 
iiuniediutely  after,  iiiinicrsed  him  and  ten  others. 
The  church  was  constituted  at  this  time.  Mr. 
Williams,  whose  ministerial  character  was  recog- 
nized by  his  brethren  in  receiving  baptism  from 
him  instead  of  Mr.  llolliman,  after  he  submitted 
to  the  rite,  became  the  minister  of  the  infant  com- 
munity. Some  time  aft(!rwards  he  withdrew  from 
them,  and  was  succeeded  by  Chad  Bn)wn,  a  man 
of  steadfastness,  wisdom,  and  great  influence,  th(> 
founder  in  America  of  the  distinguished  Brown 
family  of  Providence,  one  of  whom,  Nicholas,  gave 
his  name  to  our  oldest  university.  William  AVick- 
enden  followed  Chad  Brown  as  pastor  of  the  First 
church  of  Providence.  Gregory  Dexter,  after  Wm. 
Wickciiden.  held  the  same  position.  Thomas  01- 
ney  took  charge  of  the  church  after  Mr.  De.xter. 
Tlie  Rev.  Pardon  Tillinghast  ministered  to  the  old 
church  after  ^Ir.  Olney.  This  generous  man  gave 
his  ministerial  services  for  nothing,  and  at  his  own 
expense  built  a  house  of  worship  and  presented  it 
as  a  gift  to  the  church.  Ebenezcr  Jencks  was  the 
successor  of  Pardon  Tillinghast,  his  ministry  con- 
tinuing some  seven  years.  The  little  church,  like 
a  good  many  other  small  churches,  had  its  contro- 
versies. The  question  which  disturbed  it  was 
one  to  which  is  attached  very  little  importance  in 
these  days.  It  was  whether  the  '"laying  on  of 
hands"  was  necessary  to  constitute  a  person  a  valid 
member  of  a  church  formed,  as  was  lielieved,  after 
the  divine  apostolic  model.  James  Brown,  the 
grandson  of  Chad,  succeeded  Ebenezer  Jencks,  and 
Samuel  Winsor  followed  him.  In  172()  a  better 
and  more  commodious  Iiouse  of  worship  was 
erected,  through  the  zeal  and  enterprise  of  some 
of  the  members  of  the  church,  and  under  the  min- 
istry of  Samuel  Winsor,  Jr.,  the  discordant  ele- 
ments appeared  to  be  blending  more  harmoniously 
together. 

'•  For  one  hundred  and  thirty  years,"  says  the 
liistorical  sketch  prepared  by  Dr.  Caldwell  and 
Prof.  William  Gammell,  ''  the  church  has  been 
going  on,  receiving  neither  from  within  nor  with- 
out any  strong  impulse.  Its  ministers  were  na- 
tives, bred  on  the  spot,  generally  advanced  in 
years,  at  work  for  their  daily  bread,  and  with  no 
special  training.  The  church  had  been  content 
with  their  unpaid  services,  and  with  such  growth 
as  came.  It  had  a  small  meeting-house.  It  had 
but  118  members  in  a  population  of  4000,  with 
400  families.  The  time  had  come  for  advance  and 
enlargement." 

The  estaljlishment  of  Rhode  Island  College,  as 
it  was  then  called,  in  Providence,  and  the  coming 
to  the  town  of  so  gifted  a  scholar  and  so  eloquent  a 


preacher  as  Rev.  James  Manning,  the  first  presi- 
dent of  the  college,  were  the  harbingers  of  better 
days  to  the  church.  The  weight  of  Mr.  Manning's 
influence  was  thrown  in  the  scale  against  those 
who  insisted  on  "the  imposition  of  hands"  being 
a  prerequisite  to  full  church  membership.  Mr. 
Winsor  and  those  who  sympathized  with  him 
withdrew  from  the  church,  determined  to  have  no 
fellowship  with  those  who  either  denied  or  ques- 
tioned the  permanent  obligation  of  those  who  were 
to  enter  a  Christian  church  "  passing  under  hands," 
as  it  was  termed.  Dr.  Manning  had  the  rare  gift 
of  enlisting  the  sympathy  and  co-operation  of  others 
in  aiding  him  to  carry  out  the  plans  upon  the  ac- 
complishment of  which  he  set  his  heart.  He  ele- 
vated the  tone  of  public  sentiment  in  the  matter  of 
sustaining  religious  worship.  A  house  "for  the 
public  worship  of  Almighty  God,  and  also  for 
liolding  commpncement  in,"  was  erected.  Modeled 
after  that  of  "  St.  Martin-in-the-Fields"  in  London, 
it  is  a  gem  of  architectural  beauty,  which  even  to 
this  day  wins  the  admiration  of  all  persons  of  good 
taste,  and  will  ever  remain  as  an  illustration  of  the 
large  benevolence  and  the  generous  self-sacritice  of 
those  who  were  chiefly  instrumental  in  rearing  a 
structure  of  such  noble  dimensions  and  eminent 
fitness  for  the  purposes  for  which  it  was  built.  It 
cost  not  far  from  £7100,  a  sum  which  represents,  we 
venture  to  say,  more  than  twice  that  amount  in 
these  days. 

President  Planning  died  July  29,  1791.  in  the 
fifty-fourth  year  of  liis  age.  In  spite  of  the  heavy 
weight  of  care  which  rested  on  him  as  the  presid- 
ing officer  of  an  institution  which  was  struggling 
for  life,  no  ministry  of  the  church  in  all  its  previous 
history  had  been  so  successful  as  his.  Although 
he  never  regarded  himself,  in  the  proper  sense  of 
the  word,  as  the  pastor  of  the  church,  he  performed 
for  it  a  service  of  great  value,  and  left  an  impress 
upon  it  which  is  felt  to  this  day. 

The  pastorate  of  the  next  minister,  Rev.  John 
Stanford,  and  that  of  his  successor,  the  eloquent 
Maxcy,  were  of  comparati-vely  brief  duration.  Upon 
the  election  of  Maxcy  to  the  presidency  of  the  col- 
lege, a  nephew  of  President  Manning,  the  Rev. 
Stephen  Gano,  M.D.,  was  called  to  succeed  hint. 
His  ministry  continued  for  thirty-five  years,  and 
was  blessed  as  that  of  few  servants  of  Christ  has 
been.  Remarkable  revivals  attended  his  preaching. 
The  first  one  of  them,  that  of  1820,  brought  an 
addition  of  147  persons  to  the  church  by  baptism. 
Dr.  Gano  died  Aug.  18,  1828.  The  church  more 
than  quadrupled  during  the  pastorate  of  Dr.  Gano. 

Rev.  Robert  Everett  Pattison  was  called  to  fill  the 
im])ortant  place  made  vacant  by  the  death  of  his 
predecessor,  and  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his 
office  March  21,  1831.  For  a  little  more  than  five 
years  he  preached  and  performed  the  work  of  a 


PROVIDENCE 


946 


PROVIDENCE 


pastor  with  distinguished  success,  in  building  up 
his  people  in  Christian  knowledge  and  the  develop- 
ment of  the  graces  of  the  Christian  character.  Such 
a  ministry  as  that  of  Dr.  Pattison's  was  most  fruit- 
ful for  good,  and  its  results  .are  felt  down  to  the 
present  hour.  Called  to  the  presidency  of  AVater- 
ville  College,  now  Colby  University,  he  resigned 
his  office  Aug.  11,  1836.  Rev.  William  Hague  was 
elected  pastor  of  the  church  June  1,  1837,  and  sus- 


Providence,  was  the  Rev.  James  Nathaniel  Granger, 
who  commenced  his  labors  Nov.  13,  1842,  and  re- 
mained pastor  of  the  church  until  his  death,  which 
occurred  Jan.  5,  1857.  Having  been  appointed  in 
connection  with  Dr.  Solomon  Peck  as  one  of  a 
deputation  to  visit  the  Baptist  missionary  stations 
in  the  East,  he  was  absent  from  his  people  a  little 
jnore  than  a  year  and  a  half.  The  larger  part  of 
this  time  the  pastoral  care  of  the  church  devolved 


FIUST    BAPTIST    CUURfll,   I'RDV  1 UENCE,   R.   1. 


tained  that  relation  to  it  a  little  more  than  three 
years.  Over  one  hundred  persons  were  received 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  church  by  baptism  and 
by  letter  during  his  ministry.  Upon  the  resigna- 
tion of  Dr.  Hague,  Dr.  Pattison  for  a  short  time 
performed  again  the  duties  of  pastor,  when  his 
election  as  one  of  the  secretaries  of  the  Baptist 
Board  of  Foreign  Missions  once  more  dissolved  his 
connection  with  the  people  of  his  charge.  His  suc- 
cessor, whose  memory  is  still  so  greatly  revered  in 


ou  the  Rev.  John  Calvin  Stookbridge,  until  his  call 
to  succeed  the  venerable  Dr.  Sharp  as  pastor  of  the 
Charles  Street  church,  in  Boston,  brought  the  en- 
gagement to  a  close.  During  the  remainder  of  Dr. 
Granger's  absence  the  Rev.  Francis  Smith  supplied 
the  pulpit.  After  the  return  of  Dr.  Granger  from 
the  East,  the  Rev.  William  Carey  Richards  was  his 
assistant  for  a  brief  period,  until  the  formation  of 
the  Brown  Street  church,  of  which  he  was  chosen 
the  pastor,  dissolved  the  connection.      The  Rev. 


PROVIDENCE 


947 


PRYOR 


Francis  Wiiyland,  D.I).,  on  the  death  of  Dr. 
Granger,  acted  as  pastor  of  the  church  for  soine- 
wliat  mure  than  a  year  with  rare  fidelity,  and  the 
most  conscientious  application  to  the  discharge  of 
the  duties  of  what  he  ever  regarded  as  the  most 
solemn  and  responsible  position  to  which  a  mortal 
can  be  called,  that  of  a  minister  of  the  Lord  Jesus 
Christ.  The  Kev.  Samuel  Lunt  Caldwell,  who  for 
twelve  years  had  been  the  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Bangor,  Me.,  was  invited  to  be- 
come the  pastor  of  the  church.  He  commenced  his 
ministry  in  Providence  June  13,  1858,  and  ended  it 
Sept.  7,  1873.  Ilis  pastorate  covered  a  period  of 
more  than  fifteen  years,  and  was  closed  tliat  he 
might  accept  the  professorship  of  Church  History 
in  the  Newton  Theological  Institution.  The  suc- 
cessor of  Dr.  Caldwell  was  the  present  pastor,  the 
Rev.  Edward  Glenn  Taylor,  D.D.,  who  commenced 
his  labors  April  IS,  1875. 

The  above  sketch  presents  but  a  meagre  outline 
of  the  history  of  what  in  some  respects  may  be  re- 
garded as  one  of  the  most  prominent  Baptist 
churches  in  the  country.  As  one  proof  of  the  in- 
fluence for  good  which  has  gone  forth  from  it,  it  is 
stated  that  since  1775  sixty  ministers  of  the  gospel 
have  been  connected  with  it,  besides  its  pastors, 
in  addition  to  fifty  persons  who  have  received  li- 
cense of  the  church  to  preach,  all  of  whom  have 
entered  the  ministry.  Nearly  all  of  these  persons 
have  been  connected  with  the  college  as  officers  or 
students. 

For  more  than  one  hundred  years  the  First 
church  of  Providence  has  enjoyed  an  unusual 
amount  of  peace.  In  1774  there  was  a  signal  illus- 
tration of  this  union.  The  church  wished  to  erect 
the  noble  edifice  to  which  allusion  has  already  been 
made,  a  house  80  feet  square,  with  a  spire  196  feet 
high,  a  magnificent  structure  for  the  4321  persons 
who  then  dwelt  in  Providence.  In  such  a  great 
enterprise  every  one  commonly  has  advice  to  give, 
and  opinions  to  be  respected  ;  John  Brown,  how- 
ever, the  brother  of  the  celebrated  Nicholas,  was 
appointed  "  a  committee  of  one"'  to  build  one  of  the 
most  spacious  and  beautiful  temples  for  the  wor- 
ship of  God  in  America.  Unity  of  purpose  and 
feeling  have  characterized  this  community  in  an 
extraordinary  measure  for  many  years. 

Patriotism  has  had  its  warmest  friends  in  the 
First  church.  John  Brown,  the  "committee  of 
one,"  was  a  fair  representative  of  the  people  for 
whom  he  built  a  house  of  worship.  lie  owned 
twenty  vessels  at  the  commencement  of  the  Revo- 
lutionary war,  every  one  of  which  was  likely  to 
be  captured  or  destroyed  by  the  British  fleet,  if  he 
opposed  the  measures  of  the  mother-country,  and  he 
uttered  his  Declaration  of  Independence  four  years 
before  the  document  of  Jefferson  was  issued.  He 
destroyed  the  British  armed  schooner  "  Gaspee"  in 


June,  1772,  which  was  sent  from  Boston  to  enforce 
obnoxious  revenue  laws  in  Narragansett  Bay  ; 
Lieut.  Duddingston  was  wounded  in  the  encounter 
which  resulted  in  the  blowing  up  of  his  vessel ;  and 
his  blood  was  really  the  first  shed  in  the  war  of 
independence. 

This  church  never  began  to  prosper  thoroughly 
until  it  gave  a  stated  income  to  its  pastors.  Nicholas 
Brown,  whose  gifts  to  Brown  University  amounted 
to  nearly  $100,000,  belonged  to  the  congregation 
of  this  church;  and  his  munificent  donations  to 
advance  higher  education  have  raised  up  for  it 
liberal  friends  in  all  denominations.  Many  of  the 
first  men  in  Rhode  Island  have  descended  from  the 
pastors  and  members  of  the  First  church. 

In  the  words  of  the  historical  sketch  to  which 
reference  has  been  made,  "For  three-quarters  of 
a  century  this  church  stood  alone,  or  the  same  as 
alone,  the  only  church  of  its  own  persuasion,  or 
perhaps  of  any  persuasion,  within  the  large  terri- 
tory then  included  in  the  town  of  Providence.  It 
has  held  its  place  and  held  on  its  way  while  a  popu- 
lous city  has  grown  around  it,  and  churches  of 
many  names  have  multiplied  on  every  side.  It  has 
twelve  sisters  of  the  same  polity  and  faith,  all  of 
them  organized  since  the  beginning  of  the  pres- 
ent century  ;  the  thirteen  having  3377  members. 
Eighty-eight  churches,  of  at  least  thirteen  different 
denominations,  the  major  part  of  which  have  arisen 
since  that  time,  now  occupy  the  ground  where  once 
and  for  two  generations  it  stood  alone.  It  was 
either  the  first  in  this  country,  or  it  stood  side  by 
side  with  Newport  in  the  van  of  a  numerous  suc- 
cession of  similar  churches,  amounting  in  1880  to 
26,060,  with  2,296,327  members." 

Pruett,  Rev.  William  Harrison,  is  one  of  the 
pioneer  Baptist  preachers  in  Eastern  Oregon  and 
Washington  Territory,  where  since  his  ordination, 
in  1871,  he  has  traveled  extensively,  preached  the 
gospel  in  new  settlements,  organized  many  new 
churches  and  baptized  many  converts ;  labored  as 
pastor  or  missionary  at  Weston,  Mount  Pleasant, 
Pilot  Rock,  Walla  Walla,  Dayton,  Pendleton,  Butte 
Creek,  Meadowville,  Mountain  Valley,  Ileppner, 
and  other  places ;  built  several  church  edifices ; 
and  has  been  one  of  the  most  influential  and  suc- 
cessful laborers  in  all  that  new  and  needy  field.  He 
is  still  in  the  vigor  of  manhood.  He  has  a  good  edu- 
cation, having  studied  at  Jefferson  Academy  and 
McMinnville  College,  Oregon.  At  the  age  of  three 
years  he  removed  from  Ray  Co.,  Mo.,  where  he  was 
born,  to  Oregon,  in  1847.  In  1861  he  professed 
Christianity,  and  was  baptized  :  but  in  1862,  be- 
lieving he  had  been  deceived,  he  was  again  l)np- 
tized,  on  the  confession  of  what  he  was  sure  was 
the  work  of  the  Holy  S|)irit  in  his  salvation. 

Pryor,  John,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Halifax,  Nova 
Scotia,  and  pursued  liis  studies  at  King's  College, 


PUBLICATION 


948 


PUBLICATION 


Christ  Church  College,  Oxford,  and  at  the  Newton 
Theological  Institution.  He  was  ordained  in  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.,  in  1830.  For  some  time  he  was  prin- 
cipal of  the  Ilorton  Academy,  Wolfvilie,  Nova 
Scotia,  and,  subsequently  professor  and  president 
of  Acadia  College.  He  was  associate  pastor  at 
Horton,  then  pastor  of  the  old  Camljridge  church, 
the  church  in  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  and  the 
churches  in  Randolph  and  Lexington,  Mass;,  in 
■which  latter  place  lie  now  resides. 

Publication  Society,  The  American  Baptist. 
— On  the  25th  of  February,  1824,  a  company  of 
twenty-five  Baptists  met  at  the  house  of  Mr.  George 
Wood,  in  Washington  City,  D.  C,  to  consider  the 
propriety  of  the  formation  of  a  Baptist  General  Tract 
Society.  The  call  which  brought  them  together 
was  the  result  of  a  letter  sent  by  the  Rev.  Noah 
Davis,  of  Maryland,  to  his  classmate,  the  Rev. 
James  D.  Knowles,  then  living  in  AVashington 
City.  Mr.  Davis  had  been  deeply  impressed  witli 
the  desirableness  of  such  a  tract  society,  and  of 
its  importance  for  the  promotion  of  the  welfare  of 
the  Baptists  in  this  country,  and  for  the  prosecu- 
tion of  their  special  Christian  work.  Hence  his 
letter  to  Mr.  Knowles,  the  call  for  the  meeting  at 
Mr.  Wood's,  and  the  organization  of  the  society. 
It  began  its  work  at  once,  though  in  a  modest  way. 
The  receipts  of  the  society  for  the  first  year  of  its 
existence  amounted  to  $373.80,  and  it  issued  696,000 
pages  of  tracts. 

In  the  year  1826  the  society  was  transferred  to 
Philadelphia,  because  that  city  offered  greater  ad- 
vantages for  publishing  and  distributing  its  tracts 
throughout  the  country.  Its  growth  from  this  date 
was  slow  but  steady.  It  at  length  began  to  issue 
bound  volumes;  then  to  care  especially  for  Sunday- 
schools,  and  to  prepare  books  and  other  publica- 
tions to  meet  their  needs.  In  1840  it  was  led  to 
employ  colporteurs  for  the  circulation  of  its  publi- 
cations, and  for  the  performance  of  necessary  pio- 
neer Christian  work.  At  length,  in  1845,  the  name 
of  the  society  was  changed,  and  it  became  The 
American  Baptist  Publication  Society,  whoseobject, 
according  to  its  constitution,  is  "  To  promote  evan- 
gelical religion  by  means  of  the  Bible,  the  printing- 
press,  colportage,  and  the  Sunday-school." 

The  total  numljer  of  publications  on  the  catalogue 
of  the  society  on  April  1,  1881,  was  1326.  This 
was  after  a  thorough  examination  of  the  list  and 
the  dropping  of  a  number  that  were  once  issued. 
These  publications  include  books,  tracts,  and  peri- 
odicals. A  few  figures  will  exhibit  the  increase 
of  its  issues  from  its  origin,  and  show  the  magni- 
tude of  this  part  of  its  work.  The  issues  are  all 
reduced  to  ISino  pages. 


From  1860-1870,  average  anini;il  issues 198,382,395 

"       1^0-1880,         "            "     ■     "      381,820,429 

"       1824-1880,         "            "           "      94,845,010 

"       1824-1880,  total   issues 5,311,320,610 

In  regar*l  to  the  character  of  the  publications 
of  the  society,  George  W.  Anderson,  D.D.,  in  his 
little  work,  '"The  Baptists  in  the  United  States," 
says,  "If  the  excellence  of  a  denominational  liter- 
ature is  to  be  determined  by  the  strong  common 
sense  which  pervades  it,' its  reverence  for  the  sacred 
Scriptures,  and  habitual  and  thorough  deference 
to  its  teachings,  by  its  complete  and  scholar-like 
examination  of  the  Word  of  God,  and  by  its -calm, 
candid,  and  courteous  tone,  then  the  works  issued 
from  the  press  of  this  society  will  bear  comparison 
with  those  of  any  denomination  in  the  world." 

The  progress  of  the  society  will  further  appear 
from  a  glance  at  the  receipts  into  its  treasury  at 
difi"erent  periods  of  its  history.  These  receipts  in- 
clude both  those  in  its  business  department  and 
the  funds  specially  contributed  for  its  missionary 
work.  The  former  is  self-sustaining ;  hence  all 
the  funds  contributed  to  the  latter  are  used  exclu- 
sively for  that  object. 


In  1824,  totil  receipts.. 

"  1830,  " 

"  1840,  " 

"  1850,  " 

"  18fi0,  " 

"  1870,  " 

"  1880,  " 


$373.80 

3,(i94.09 

12,165.77 

40,579.71 

84,78;i.91 

332,149.59 

349,564.46 


111  1824,  totnl  issues 

From  1824-1840,  average  aumial  issues.. 

"       1840-1857,         "  "  "      .. 

"       1857-1860,         "  "  "      .. 


600,000 
7,840,108 
22,110,645 
61,856,060 


The  increasing  work  of  the  society  demanded 
from  time  to  time  larger  accommodations.  At 
length,  in  1876,  the  present  building  at  1420  Chest- 
nut Street  was  completed,  at  a  cost  of  S25S.000, 
the  whole  of  which  was  provided  for  by  the  liber- 
ality of  its  friends  and  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  of 
its  former  building.  The  last  8100,000  of  the  cost 
was  given  by  AVni.  Bucknell,  Esq.,  and  members 
of  his  family,  and  by  the  various  members  of  the 
flimily  of  the  late  J.  P.  Crozer,  Esq.  It  is  thought 
that  the  accommodations  furnished  in  this  edifice 
will  be  sufficient  for  many  long  years  to  come. 

During  the  fifty-sis  years  of  its  existence,  the 
society  has  fulfilled  the  expectation  of  its  founders, 
and  has  proved  an  efficient  means  of  promoting  the 
unity  of  tlie  Baptists  of  the  United  States  in  feel- 
ing, in  doctrinal  views,  in  Scriptural  practices,  and 
in  the  promotion  of  missionary  work  at  home  and 
abi'oad.  Its  publications  have  gone  throughout  the 
land  into  every  State  and  Territory,  as  also  have 
its  colporteurs  and  Sunday-school  missionaries. 
Its  power  for  good  has  been  steadily  developed, 
and  everything  indicates  that  under  the  blessing 
of  God  it  will  continue  to  enlarge  its  work  as  the 
demands  of  the  wide  field  in  which  it  is  called  to 
labor  become  more  numerous  and  pressing. 

MISSIONARY    WORK 
OF    THE    .\MERIC.\X    B.^PTIST    PUBLICATION    SOCIETY. 

This  department  of  the  society  has  been  devel- 
oped to  meet  the  wants  which  from  time  to  time 


PUBLICATION 


949 


PURKFOV 


claimed  recognition.  At  first  the  gratuitous  dis- 
tribution of  tracts,  and,  subsequently,  of  hooks,  was 
undertaken  ;  then  the  missionary  colporteur  agency 
was  originated.  At  length  the  demands  for  sys- 
tematic efforts  to  increase  the  number  of  Sunday- 
schools,  and  to  promote  their  efficiency,  led  to  the 
employment  of  Sunday-school  missionaries.  The 
work,  as  now  carried  on,  consists  in  three  things  : 

1.  In  preaciiing  the  gospel  /row  house  to  house 
bv  a  band  of  missionary  colporteurs,  who  unite 
with  personal  eflbrts  to  convert  the  inmates,  the 
circulation  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  and  the  dissem- 
ination of  a  gospel  literature. 

2.  In  sustaining  Sundoi/snhool  missionaries  to 
form  new  schools,  to  strengthen  and  improve  old 
ones,  and  to  organize  the  forces  of  the  different 
States  fur  efficient  Sunday-school  work. 

3.  In  making  grants  of  small  libraries  to  poor 
ministers  and  Sunday-schools,  and  of  tracts  to  pas- 
tors and  to  missionaries  of  other  societies  and  Con- 
ventions. 

Colporteur  missionaries  were  first  employed  by 
the  society  in  1840,  about  one  year  before  any 
other  society  in  this  country  entered  on  a  similar 
work.  During  the  forty  years  that  have  since 
elapsed  it  has  employed  nearly  1500  such  laborers, 
in  the  various  fields  in  this  country,  as  well  as  in 
Canada,  Sweden,  Norway,  and  Italy.  In  1880 
there  were  34  employed  in  as  many  States  and 
Territories  of  our  country. 

The  work  in  Sweden  was  commenced  in  1855, 
when  the  Uev.  Andreas  Wiberg  was  sent  to  that 
country  to  originate  and  direct  a  system  of  mis- 
sionary col  portage.  His  efforts  were  very  success- 
ful, and  wlien,  in  1866,  the  work  was  transferred 
to  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union,  there 
were  in  Sweden  176  Baptist  churches  and  an  ag- 
gregate of  6606  members,  and  the  work  had  ex- 
tended into  Norway  and  otlier  adjacent  countries. 
This  was  all  the  development  of  tlie  work  under- 
taken by  the  society  in  1855,  when  there  were 
only  forty  Baptists  in  the  kingdom.  At  the  present 
time  there  are  nearly  300  Baptist  churches,  with 
about  20,000  members,  though  they  are  sending 
hundreds  of  their  young  and  enterprising  members 
to  this  country  every  year. 

The  Sunday-school  missionai-y  work  was  first  in- 
augurated in  1867.  In  1880  there  were  under  ap- 
pointment 21  such  missionaries,  laboring  in  as 
many  of  our  States  and  Territories,  all  of  them, 
with  one  exception,  in  the  South  or  the  West. 

The  society's  donations  of  tracts  and  books  have 
been  steadily  increasing  in  number  from  the  earl- 
iest years  of  its  history,  and  this  work  might  with 
great  benefit  be  still  vastly  enlarged  were  the 
necessary  means  at  its  disposal. 

The  extent  and  results  of  the  work  may  be  par- 
tially understood  on  an  examination  of  the  following 


table,  which  shows  the  statistics  from  the  beginning 
until  1880: 

Dnys  of  service 262,342 

Milts  tiMvoled 2,998,4!»2 

Hooks  sold 171,9»i7 

IJooks  niveu  away 92.i:iU 

Pat;es  of  tracts  distrilmted 6,n:n.44'i 

Seriiioim  and  a<ldr(-8^es  delivered 62(i,4l7 

Prayor-nife tings  held .'j.l.osfi 

Kaiiiilii'8  visited C(>4,>M1 

Persons  l)uptized 13,44li 

Clmnlic'S  constituted 4'.IU 

Siiiiday-sciioola  organized :i,'.».')o 

Conventions  and  institutes  held  or  addressed 4,(i74 

Sunday-schools  aided  hy  donations _ 7,9Ul 

Pastors  unil  ministerial  students  furnished  with  grants 

of  hooks  for  their  lihraries 1,710 

It  is  proper  to  remark  that  all  the  contributions 
to  the  society  are  used  exclusively  for  its  mission- 
ary work,  unless  specially  directed  by  the  donors 
to  some  other  end. 

PERIODICALS. 

In  common  with  religious  pul)lication  societies 
in  this  country  and  abroad,  the  society  at  an  early 
period  in  its  history  recognized  tlie  periodical  press 
as  a  powerful  agency  for  the  promotion  of  Chris- 
tian work.  Soon  after  its  organization  it  began 
the  monthly  issue  of  The  Tract  Magazine,  which, 
during  its  short  life,  was  a  means  of  extending  the 
circulation  of  tracts.  This  was  followed  by  The 
Monthly  Paper,  afterwards  the  Baptist  Record, 
which  was  first  published  in  1836,  and  was  sus- 
pended in  1855. 

Since  that  date  the  periodical  department  has 
been  gradually  becoming  more  comprehensive  in 
its  issues,  while  their  circulation  has  largely  in- 
creased, as  the  following  figures  will  show.  They 
indicate  the  total  number  of  copies  of  each  period- 
ical issued,  from  the  time  of  its  establishment  until 
April  I,  1881  : 

Young  Reaper,  monthly  and  semi-monthly,  1857-1881.  56.445,930 

National  Baptist,  weekly,  1865-1881 5,307,481 

Baptist  yiiaiterly,  1867-1878 59,38;; 

Baptist  Teacher,  monthly,  1869-1881 4,189,4liO 

Baptist  Lesson  Monthly,  1869-1881 47,263,500 

Baptist  Primary  Lesson  Monllily,  1874-1881 17,791,200 

Bilde  Lesson  Quarterly,  1879-1881 1,205,500 

Intermediate  Lisson  Quarterly,  1881 235,0(K) 

Our  Little  Ones,  nionthlv,  1873-1881 15,958,(K)0 

Our  Young  People,  monthly,  1881 215,000 

Total  Tiumber  of  copies  issued 148,670,394 

Purefoy,  Geo.  W.,  D.D.— The  Rev.  John  Pure- 
foy,  a  wise  and  good  man,  gave  three  sons  to  the 
Baptist  ministry  of  North  Carolina, — Geo.  "W., 
James  S.,  and  N.  A.  Purefoy.  George  was  the 
oldest  of  them,  and  was  born  in  1809;  was  bap- 
tized in  1830,  and  began  to  preach  at  once.  In 
early  life  he  preached  n)ucli,  but  for  many  years 
before  his  death  iiis  health  did  not  allow  him  to 
preach  often.  lie  was  the  author  of  the  '•  History 
of  the  Sandy  Creek  Association,"  and  of  several 
works  on  the  baptismal  controversy.  lie  died  in 
1880.  The  State  University  at  Chapel  Ilill  gave 
him  the  title  of  0.0.  in  1870. 

Purefoy,  Rev.  James  S.,  the  third  son  of  Rev. 
John  Purefoy,  was  born  in  1.S13,  baptized  in  1830, 


PUEEFOY 


950 


PUR  YEAR 


began  to  preach  in  1835,  and  was  ord.ained  in  1840, 
Dr.  Samuel  Wait  and  llev.  P.  W.  Dowd  constitutint; 
the  Presbytery.  Most  of  the  pastoral  labor  of  Mr. 
Purefoy  has  been  performed  in  Wake  and  Gran- 
ville Counties.  No  man,  living  or  dead,  has  done 
so  much  for  Wake  Forest  College  as  this  unpre- 
tending brother.  When  plowing  in  the  field,  be- 
fore he  was  twenty-one,  he  gave  §25  to  this  insti- 
tution, and  through  all  its  checkered  history:  he 
has  been  its  unfaltering  friend.  For  many  years 
he  was  its  treasurer,  without  salary.  He  secured 
for  it,  since  the  war,  a  contribution  of  $10,000  from 
the  Baptists  of  the  North,  and  to  him,  more  than 
to  any  other,  is  due  the  credit  of  rescuing  the  col- 
lege from  loss  when  it  was  heavily  involved  in 
1848-49,  and  by  his  energy  and  liberality  the 
handsome  Wingate  Memorial  Hail  was  erected  in 
1879-80.  Early  in  life  Mr.  Purefoy  married  Mary, 
the  daughter  of  Deacon  Foster  Fort,  and  a  kindred 
spirit,  ready  for  every  good  work,  she  proved  to  be. 
Many  poor  young  men,  and  especially  many  young 
ministers  struggling  to  obtain  an  education,  have 
found  in  this  !iian  and  his  wife  friends  ready  and 
willing  to  help  them,  and  it  gives  the  writer  of  this 
sketch  peculiar  pleasure  to  leave  on  record  the  fact 
that  by  money  voluntarily  loaned  by  Mr.  Purefoy 
he  was  enabled  to  complete  his  course  in  college. 
Mr.  Purefoy  is  still  a  vigorous  man,  and  seems  to 
reckon  it  the  highest- glory  of  his  life  to  labor  and 
sacrifice  for  Wake  Forest  College. 

Purefoy,  Rev,  N.  A.,  was  born  in  Wake  Co.j 
N.  C,  in  1811  ;  attended  AVake  Forest  College,  liut 
took  his  degree  of  A.B.  from  Columbian  College, 
Washington,  D.  C.  He  served  the  Fayetteville 
church  and  the  church  in  Warrenton  each  for 
several  years,  but  most  of  his  pastoral  life  has 
been  spent  in  preaching  to  country  churches. 
Quiet  and  unobtrusive,  this  good  man  has  long 
been  regarded  by  his  brethren  as  a  fine  illustra- 
tion of  almost  every  Christian  virtue. 

Purinton,  Jesse  M.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Cole- 
raine,  Mass.,  Aug.  12,  1809;  baptized  in  Truxton 
when  eleven  years  of  age  ;  educated  at  Hamilton, 
N.  Y.,  and  ordained  in  1834 ;  was  pastor  in  Colc- 
raine,  and  in  Arcade,  N.  Y.,  in  Forestville  and 
Mount  Moriah,  Pa.,  and  in  Morgantown,  AY.  Va. 
He  was  for  several  years  a  missionary  in  North- 
west Virginia.  He  aided  in  many  revivals,  and 
was  instrumental  in  leading  large  numbers  to 
Jesus.  In  1860  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity 
was  conferred  upon  him.  He  died  at  Morgantown, 
June  17,  1869.  Dr.  Purinton  was  an  able  minister 
and  a  devoted  follower  of  the  Saviour. 

Putnam,  Daniel,  professor  in  the  Normal  School 
at  Ypsilanti,  Mich.,  was  born  in  Lyndeborough, 
N.  II.,  Jan.  8, 1824.  Having  fitted  for  college  at  New 
Hampton,  he  entered  Dartmouth  College,  and  grad- 
uated in  the  class  of  1851.     During  the  next  two 


years  he  tg,ught  in  the  New  Hampton  Academy,  as 
he  had  done  a  part  of  his  Senior  year.  He  remained 
with  it  a  short  time  after  its  removal  to  Fairfax, 
Vt.,  but  came  to  Michigan  in  1854,  as  professor  in 
Kalamazoo  College.  He  resided  in  Kalamazoo  till 
1868,  but  did  not  hold  his  professorship  the  whole 
interval.  For  seven  years  he  was  superintendent 
of  public  schools,  for  eighteen  months  county  su- 
perintendent, and  for  one  year  served  as  president 
of  the  college  ad  interim..  In  1868  he  became  pro- 
fessor in  the  State  Normal  School  at  Ypsilanti,  and. 
still  holds  that  position.  He  is  a  preacher,  but  was 
never  ordained.  He  has  been  chaplain  of  the  State 
Insane  Asyluin  at  Kalamazoo  the  last  eighteen 
years,  and  has  often  preached  in  other  pulpits,  lie 
has  rendered  abundant  service  to  the  Baptist  State 
Convention  on  its  different  boards,  and  is  at  present 
a  valuable  member  of  the  Board  of  State  Missions. 
Mrs.  Putnam  is  a  daughter  of  the  late  Rev.  E.  B. 
Smith,  D.D.,  of  Fairfox,  Vt. 

Puryear,  Bennet,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Chem- 
istry in  Richmond  College.  Richmond,  Va.,  was  born 
in  Mecklenburg  Co.,  Va.,  July  23, 1826.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Randolph  Macon  College,  in  June,  1847, 
with  the  highest  honors  of  his  class.  After  leaving 
college  he  taught  school  one  year  in  Monroe  Co., 
Ala. ;  then  returned  to  his  native  State,  and  during 
the  session  of  1849-50  attended  lectures  at  the 
University  of  Virginia.  In  July,  1850,  he  was 
appointed  tutor  in'  Richmond  College,  and  in  the 
year  following  was  elected  Professor  of  Natural 
Science  in  that  institution.  In  1859  he  resigned 
his  professorship  in  Richmond  College  to  accept 
the  chair  of  Chemistry  and  Natural  Philosophy  in 
Randolph  Macon  College,  where  he  remained  until 
1866,  at  which  time  he  was  recalled  to  his  former 
position  in  Richmond.  In  1868,  when  the  college 
was  reoi'ganized  and  the  office  of  president  abol- 
is|ied,  he  was  elected  chairman  of  the  faculty, 
which  position  he  has  continued  to  hold  until  the 
present  time,  being  annually  chosen  thereto  by 
his  colleagues.  In  1873  the  school  of  natural 
science  was  divided  into  physics  and  chemistry, 
and  the  school  of  chemistry  was  assigned  to  him. 
At  college.  Prof.  Puryear  was  distinguished  for  his 
attainments  in  the  classics  as  well  as  in  natural 
science,  and  when  circumstances  have  required  him 
to  take  charge  of  a  class  in  Greek,  or  Latin,  or 
m'&.thematics,  he  has  done  so  with  distinguished 
success.  His  acquaintance  with  the  subjects  of  his 
own  school  is  bro.ad  and  thorough.  As  a  lecturer, 
his  style  is  clear  and  pointed,  and  often  enlivened 
by  sallies  of  genial  humor.  The  matter  of  his 
lectures  is  so  admirably  arranged  that  they  are 
felt  to  be  a  growth,  and  not  a  mere  aggregation  of 
facts.  In  tlio  experiments  of  the  laboratory  he  is 
unusually  successful.  Prof.  Puryear  has  not  given 
much  attention  to  popular  lectures  or  addresses, 


PUR  YEAR 


951 


PURYEAR 


but  whenever  he  has  spoken  in  public  he  has  been 
lieard  with  pleasure.  Besides  occasional  contribu- 
tions to  various  periodicals,  he  published,  in  1866- 


BENNET  PURVEAR,  l.L.D. 

67,  in  the  Fanner,  a  series  of  articles  on  "  The  The- 
ory of  Vegetable  Growth"  ;  in  1875,  in  The  Planter 
and  Farmer,  papers  on  "  The  Public  School  in  its 
Relation  to  the  Negro,"  since  printed  in  pamphlet 
form  ;  in  the  same  year,  in  the  Rdigions  Be7-ahl,  a 
series  of  articles  on  the  "  Public  School"  ;  and  in 
1878,  also  in  the  Religious  Herald,  papers  on  the 
"  Virginia  State  Debt,"  and  also  on  "The  Atmos- 
])hcre."  With  the  exception  of  the  first  series, 
these  papers  were  all  published  under  the  signature 


of  "  Civis." ,  These  articles  evinced  ability  and 
fullness  of  information,  but  those  relating  to  the 
pul)lic  school  are  specially  noticeable.  No  news- 
paper articles  on  ((uestions  of  public  State  policy 
ever  awakened  in  Virginia  a  more  general  interest, 
or  produced  a  profounder  impression.  Questions 
which  seemed  to  be  settled,  and  whose  discussion 
was  unthought  of,  were  brought  again  into  the  field 
of  controversy  ;  and  the  public  school  system,  es- 
tablished by  constitutional  enactment,  fostered  by 
the  spirit  of  the  times,  and  appealing  to  the  inter- 
ests of  the  masses  of  the  people,  was  shaken  to  its 
foundation.  The  articles  were  everywhere  talked 
of,  and  called  forth  able  replies.  It  was  the  opinion 
of  many  that  no  papers  so  fundamental  in  scope, 
so  vigorous  in  statement,  so  brilliant  in  rhetoric, 
and  so  instinct  with  passion  had  appeared  in  Vir- 
ginia for  a  long  time.  Although  these  articles  dis- 
cussed questions  which  were  largely  local,  they 
exerted  much  more  than  a  local  interest.  In  a  few 
weeks  the  hitherto  but  slightly  known  professor 
became  one  of  the  most  widely  known  men  of  the 
whole  South  ;  and  in  acknowledgment  of  the  learn- 
ing and  ability  shown  in  the  "  Civis"  articles, 
Georgetown  College,  Ky.,  and  Howard  College, 
Ala.,  conferred  on  him  the  honorary  degree  of 
LL.U.  (June,  1878).  Dr.  Puryear  is  president  of 
the  Tuckahoe  Club,  an  association  of  farmers  in 
the  vicinity  of  Richmond  College,  and  his  eminent 
success  in  cultivating  a  small  farm  is  a  practical 
illustration  of  the  value  of  science  in  agriculture. 
Notwithstanding  Dr.  Puryear's  opposition  to  pub- 
lic schools,  he  is  an  earnest  advocate  of  education, 
and  has  contributed  much  to  the  prosperity  of 
Richmond  College.  He  is  among  the  most  hon- 
ored and  influential  citizens  of  Richmond,  a  man 
of  sound  judgment,  genial  disposition,  and  inflex- 
ible integrity.  He  is  an  active  memlier  of  the 
Grace  Street  Baptist  church  in  Richmond. 


QUA  RLE  S 


952 


QUINCY 


Q 


Quarles,  Rev.  Frank  (colored),  is  a  Baptist 

minister  of  great  worth,  now  about  sixty  years 
old.  He  was  born  in  Caroline  Co.,  Ya.,  and  came 
to  Georgia  in  1850.  He  was  a  faithful  slave  until 
the  close  of  the  war,  but  his  character  and  abilities 
may  be  estimated  when  it  is  stated  that  he  was 
licensed  and  ordained  by  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Atlanta  in  1863,  previous  to  emancipation,  the 
Presbytery  being  composed  of  Rev.  H.  C.  Ilornady 
and  Rev.  AVilliam  T.  Brantly,  D.D.  Since  1863 
he  has  lived  in  Atlanta,  and  has  served  the  Friend- 
ship Baptist  church  as  pastor  since  1866.  For 
twelve  years  in  succession  he  has  been  moderator 
of  the  Ebenezer  (colored)  Association,  and  since 
the  organization  of  the  (colored)  Missionary  Bap- 
tist Convention  at  Augusta,  Ga.,  in  1868,  he  has 
been  its  president.  We  exerts  a  wide  and  health- 
ful influence  in  the  State,  and  uses  it  freely  for  re- 
ligious and  educational  purposes.  He  married  in 
Virginia,  and  lived  with  his  wife  thirty-eight  years, 
raising  two  children,-7-a  son  and  a  daughter.  He 
is  a  man  of  ability  and  piety,  and  as  a  man  and 
preacher  is  highly  esteemed  by  all  who  know  him. 
QiUincy,  Hon.  Josiah,  was  born  in  Lenox,  Mass., 
March  7,  1793.  His  father,  Samuel  Quincy,  was  a 
lawyer  in  Roxbury,  Mass.,  where  he  acquired  a 
large  property  in  the  practice  of  his  profession. 
He  indorsed  heavily  the  paper  of  several  mercan- 
tile firms  in  Boston,  and  the  commercial  disasters 
of  1777-78  swept  away  nearly  every  vestige  of  his 
estate.  He  then  retired  to  a  little  cottage  among 
the  Berkshire  hills,  where  he  soon  died  of  a  broken 
heart.  His  son  Samuel,  the  brother  of  Josiah,  with 
a  dollar  and  a  half  in  his  pocket,  but  rich  in  spirit, 
left  on  foot  for  Boston  to  seek  "his  fortune.  He  be- 
came in  due  time  a  flourisliing  shipmaster  and 
owner  of  vessels,  and  filled  many  offices  of  trust 
and  responsibility  in  that  city.  Josiah,  from  a 
lameness  caused  by  sickness  in  infancy,  was  un- 
able to  perform  much  manual  labor.  He  accord- 
ingly turned  his  attention  to  study  as  a  necessity 
for  his  future  support.  Under  many  discouraging 
circumstances  he  prepared  himself  at  the  Lenox 
Academy  to  enter  as  a  Sophomore  in  college.  Cir- 
cunistances  prevented  him  from  carrying  out  his 
plan  to  take  a  full  collegiate  course,  and  on  leaving 
his  academic  studies  he  entered  upon  the  study  of 
law  with  Samuel  .Jones,  Esq.,  of  Stockbridge,  Mass. 
He  taught  school  during  the  day,  and  his  law  studies 
were  necessarily  carried  on  at  night.     It  was  by 


these  fierce  battles  with  indigence  that  the  latent 
powers  of  his  nature  were  largely  developed,  that 
his  invincible  determination  for  ultimate  success 
was  strengthened,  and  that,  by  heroic  efforh  he 
laid  broad  and  deep  the  foundations  of  his  future 
eminence. 

On  being  admitted  to  the  bar,  Mr.  Quincy  prac- 
tised his  profession  a  few  months  at  Stockbridge, 
and  removed  from  that  place  to  ShefiBeld,  where  he 
remained  a  short  time,  and  then  went  to  Rumney, 
N.  H.,  ever  afterwards  his  home.  Soon  after 
settling    in    Rumney    he    was    married    to    May 


HON.  JOSIAH    QUINCY. 

Grace,  daughter  of  Jabez  Weed,  of  Plymouth. 
Rumney  is  a  small  town  among  the  hills  of  New 
Hirtnpshire,  but  the  young  lawyer,  by  industry  and 
perseverance,  soon  gained  a  high  rank  in  his  pro- 
fession, his  practice  extending  for  a  long  distance 
in  all  directions.  Not  manj'  years  elapsed  before 
he  was  known  as  one  of  the  most  eminent  lawyers 
of  the  State,  and  when  he  retired  from  practice  in 
1864,  his  professional  business  was  said  to  have 
been  as  large  as  that  of  any  legal  gentleman  in 
New  Hampshire.  For  years  he  was  president  of 
the  Grafton  Countv  bar.    He  had  under  his  tuition 


QUINCY 


953 


QUINCY 


many  law  students,  and  anionj;  them  the  eminent 
Judge  Clifford,  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court. 
Mr.  Quincy  was  a  prominent  politician,  and  filled 
many  public  offices.  lie  was  several  years  a  mem- 
ber of  tiie  New  Hampshire  house  of  representa- 
tives, and  was  twice  elected  to  the  .State  senate,  the 
latter  year  tilling  the  office  of  president  of  tliat 
body.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the  first  board  of 
trustees  of  the  State  Asylum  for  the  Insane.  In 
financial  matters  he  was  favorably  known,  and  for 
years  was  onc^  of  tlie  directors  of  tlie  Pemigewassett 
Bank,  in  Plymouth.  N.  H.  Ho  was  one  of  the 
most  active  of  that  persevering  band  of  men  who 
originated  and  carried  forward  the  building  of  the 
Boston,  Concord  and  Montreal  Railroad,  and  for 
fourteen  years  was  the  president  of  its  board  of 
directors.  The  herculean  labors  he  performed  in 
tlie  progress  of  this  enterprise,  and  the  intense 
anxieties  he  endured  in  its  behalf,  had  much  to  do 
with  the  completion  of  the  work  upon  which  he 
and  the  gentlemen  associated  witli  him  had  em- 
barked, and  with  its  final,  successful  accomplish- 
ment. 

Mr.  Quincy  was  very  active  in  educational  mat- 
ters. Remembering  his  own  early  struggles,  the 
needy  student  always  found  in  him  a  friend  and 
counselor,  and  many  will  always  remember  with 
gratitude  his  generous  gifts  in  their  extremitj'. 
He  was  much  interested  in  the  schools  of  the 
county  and  the  town  in  which  he  lived.  He  was  a 
trustee  of  the  Xewton  Theological  Seminary,  and 
for  years  was  president  of  the  trustees  of  the 
New  Hampton  Academy.  He  took  the  deepest  in- 
terest in  the  latter,  as  for  many  j-ears  it  was  the 
leading  Baptist  institution  in  the  State,  and  had 
connected  with  it  a  theological  department.  At 
one  time,  by  his  own  funds,  he  removed  from  it  a 
debt  amounting  to  several  thousand  dollars. 

In  his  religious  belief  Mr.  (Quincy  was  thoroughly 
a  Baptist,  although   he   had,  like   all   Baptists,  a 


wide  catholicity  of  feeling  for  true  believers  of  any 
name.  '  He  was  converted  under  the  faithful  min- 
istry of  Rev.  Noah  Nichols,  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Kumney,  and  by  him  was  baptized  in 
iS.'il.  Ho  remained  a  prominent  member  of  this 
cliurch  until  his  death,  alwa^'s  ready  to  aid  it  with 
his  wise  counsel,  and  contril)uting  largely  to  its 
support.  As  it  had  been  his  early  religious  home, 
during  his  long  and  eventful  life  he  cherished  for 
it  a  strong  and  increasing  affection.  He  loved  to 
attend  the  gathering  of  the  Associations  and  the 
State  Conventions,  and  found  these  meetings  a  re- 
freshing rest  from  the  laljorious  cares  of  his  pro- 
fession. He  was  a  life  member  of  the  Missionary 
Union,  and  other  Baptist  organizations  formed  for 
the  advancement  of  the  Redeemer's  kingdom.  In 
his  domestic  life  he  was  a  kind  and  indulgent 
parent,  an<l  made  home  attractive  by  an  exhibition 
of  its  sweeter  charities.  He  died  in  Rumney,  his 
residence  for  sixty  years,  .Jan.  19,  1875,  being 
almost  eighty-two  years  of  age.  He  passed  away 
as  he  had  lived,  in  the  full  hojie  of  a  blessed  im- 
mortality. Two  sons  and  tiireo  daughters  survive 
him. 

One  of  the  most  prominent  traits  in  the  character 
of  Mr.  Quincy  was  iiis  invincible  and  unbending 
integrity.  No  temptation  could  swerve  him  a 
hair's  breadth  from  a  stern  and  incorruptible 
honesty.  In  his  profession  he  was  keen  and  sharp, 
but  with  no  smirch  of  trickery.  He  was  an  eminent 
lawyer,  a  faithful  puljlic  officer,  an  upright  business 
man,  and  a  generous  and  valuable  citizen.  In  pri- 
vate life  he  was  a  most  courteous  gentleman,  highly 
beloved  by  a  very  extensive  circle  of  acquaintances. 
In  his  religious  faith  he  was  firm  and  unwavering, 
trusting  for  salvation  alone  in  the  Lord  Jesus 
Christ,  and  at  the  close  of  his  long  and  active  life 
could  well  say,  "  I  have  finished  my  course  ;  hence- 
forth tliere  is  laid  up  for  me  a  crown  of  righteous- 
ness." 


.    61 


KAIiUK 


'J54 


RABUX 


R. 


Rabun,  Gov,  William,  one  of  the  noblest  and 
purest  of  men,  was  born  in  Halifax  Co.,  N.  C, 
April  8,  1771.  When  he  was  about  fourteen  his 
father,  Matthew  Rabun,  removed  to  Georgia,  and, 
after  residing  a  short  time  in  AVilkes  County,  set- 
tled in  Hancock  County.  In  the  year  1788  young 
William  professed  faith  in  Christ,  and  united  with 
the  church  at  Powelton,  having  been  publicly  bap- 
tized by  Silas  Mercer. 

Growing  up  to  man's  estate  he  took  a  high  posi- 
tion, both  as  a  church  member  and  a  citizen.  With- 
out solicitation  on  his  part,  he  was,  for  many  years, 
sent  to  the  Legislature  from  Hancock  County,  then 
one  of  the  most  influential  counties  in  the  State. 
Being  president  of  the  State  senate,  in  March,  1817, 
he  became  ex-officio  governor  of  the  State,  on  ac- 
count of  the  resignation  of  Gov.  Mitchell,  and  in 
the  following  November  he  was  elected  governor 
of  Georgia.  He  died  Oct.  24,  1819,  while  occupy- 
ing that  exalted  position. 

He  was  a  man  of  singular  piety.  Though  highly 
honored  by  his  fellow-citizens,  he  was  not  made 
vain  by  it;  and,  though  heavily  burdened  with  the 
affairs  of  state,  he  never  forgot  the  claims  of  his 
Master's  cause.  Up  to  the  time  of  his  death  he 
was  a  regular  attendant  upon  the  sessions  of  the 
Georgia  Association,  taking  an  active  part  in  the 
deliberations  and  workings  of  the  body.  Even 
while  governor  of  the  State,  in  the  years  1817,  1818, 
1819,  his  familiar  name  Still  appeai-s  in  the  minutes 
of  the  Association,  and  it  was  a  pleasing  and  com- 
mon sight  to  witness  the  governor  of  the  State  ful- 
filling the  duties  of  chorister  and  clerk  in  the  Pow- 
elton church.  He  was  a  nnin  of  prayer,  and  his 
house  was  the  house  of  prayer.  To  all  the  benev- 
olent institutions  of  the  day  he  gave  his  influence 
and  his  purse.  AVise  in  counsel,  firm  in  purpose, 
upright  in  dealing,  he  was  possessed  of  a  piety 
transparent,  unafiectcd,  deep,  and  ardent :  all  the 
elements  of  true  greatness  were  in  him  beautifully 
blended. 

Upon  the  death  of  Gov.  Rabun,  Rev.  Jesse  ^lev- 
cer,  by  request  of  the  Legislature,  pi-eached  Ijefore 
them  a  memorial  sermon,  in  which  occurs  the  fol- 
lowing tribute  to  his  piety  and  worth :  "  Your  late 
excellent  governor  was  the  pleasant  and  lovely 
companion  of  my  youth  ;  my  constant  friend  and 
endeared  Christian  brother  in  advancing  years ; 
and  until  death  my  unremitting  fellow-laborer 
and  able  supporter  in  all  the  efiorts  of  benevolence 


and  pjiilanthropy  in  which  1  had  the  honor  and 
happiness  to  be  engaged,  calculated  either  to  amend 
or  ameliorate  the  condition  of  men."' 

During  the  Seminole  war,  in  1818,  Gov.  Rabun 
called  out  the  militia,  and  placed  them  under  the 
command  of  Gen.  Gaines.  They  were  ordered, 
under  command  of  Maj.  Wright,  of  the  U.  S.  army, 
to  discover  the  course  of  the  Indians  who  had  been 
committing  depredations.  Capt.  Olied  Wright,  of 
the  Chatham  militia,  had  positive  orders  from  Gov. 
Rabun  to  destroy  Iloponee  and  Phileuii  towns,  for 
committing  atrocities  on  the  frontier.  By  mistake 
Chehaw  town  was  taken,  partly  burned,  and  some 
Indians  killed.  An  angry  correspondence  ensued 
between  Gov.  Rabun  and  Gen.  Jackson  in  regard 
to  the  matter,  a  part  of  which  is  given.  Gen.  Jack- 
son wrote,  May  7,  1818,  ■'  Such  base  cowardice  and 
murderous  conduct  as  this  transaction  shows  have 
no  parallel  in  history,  and  shall  meet  with  their 
merited  punishment.  You,  sir,  as  governor  of  a 
State  within  my  military  division,  have  no  right 
to  give  a  military  order  while  I  am  in  the  field; 
and  this  being  an  open  and  violent  infringement 
of  the  treat}'  with  the  Creek  Indians,  Capt.  Wright 
must  be  prosecuted  for  this  outrageous  murder, 
and  I  have  ordered  him  to  be  arrested  and  confined 
in  irons  until  the  pleasure  of  the  President  of  the 
United  States  is  known  upon  the  subject."  In  his 
reply,  after  referring  to  the  communication  of  Gen. 
Glasscock,  upon  which  Gen.  Jackson  based  his 
answer.  Gov.  Rabun  says,  '"Had  you,  sir,  or  Gen. 
Glasscock,  been  in  possession  of  the  facts  that  pro- 
duced this  aS'air,  it  is  to  be  presumed,  at  least,  that 
you  would  not  have  indulged  in  a  strain  so  inde- 
corous and.  unbecoming.  I  had,  on  the  21st  of 
March  last,  stated  the  situation  of  our  bleeding 
frontier  to  you,  and  requested  you.  in  res|1ectful 
terms,  to  detail  a  part  of  your  overwhelming  force 
for  our  protection,  or  that  you  would  furnish  sup- 
plies, and  I  would  order  out  more  troops,  to  which 
you  have  never  yet  deigned  to  reply.  You  state, 
in  a  very  h.aughty  tone,  that  I,  a  governor  of  a 
State  under  your  military  division,  have  no  right 
to  give  a  military  order  whilst  you  are  in  the  field. 
Wretched  and  contemptihlo,  indeed,  must  be  our 
situation  if  this  be  the  fact.  When  the  liberties  of 
the  people  of  Georgia  shall  have  been  prostrated  at 
the  feet  of  a  military  despotism,  ihen,  and  not  till 
Iheii,  will  your  imperious  doctrine  be  tamely  sub- 
mitted to.     You  maj-  rest  assured  that  if  the  sav- 


RAMBAUT 


955 


RANDALL 


ages  coiitiiiuo  their  depredations  on  our  unpro- 
tected frontier,  I  shall  think  and  act  (or  inysell'  in 
that  respect." 

Eambaut,  Thomas,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  is  of  Frencli 

<iescent.  He  was  burn  in  tiie  city  of  Dublin,  Ire- 
land, and  was  regularly  educated  in  the  liberal 
arts,  liavinp;  studied  in  the  celebrated  school  of 
Rev.  Henry  Lyon,  of  Portington,  and  at  Trinity 
College.  He  came  to  Savannah,  Ga.,  on  attaining 
his  majority,  with  the  intention  of  studying  law, 
and  was  converted  under  the  preaching  of  Rev. 
Richard  Fuller,  J).U.,  of  Baltiinore,  and  ])aptized 
by  Rev.  W.  T.  Brantly,  1>.I).,  then  in  Augusta, 
<jla.  On  the  Wednesday  following  he  preached  his 
first  discourse.  He  has  successively  filled  the  po- 
sitions of  pastor  of  the  Blackswamp  church,  S.  C, 
Savannah  Baptist  church,  Ga.,  president  of  Chero- 
kee Baptist  (College,  Professor  of  History  and  Roman 
Literflture  in  Georgia  Military  Institute,  president 
of  AVilliam  Jewell  College,  Mo.,  and  pastor  of  Tab- 
ernacle Baptist  church,  Brooklyn.  He  was  called 
to  be  the  successor  of  Rev.  Henry  C.  Fish,  D.D., 
iis  pastor  of  the  First  church,  Newark,  N.  J.,  in 
March,  and  entered  upon  this  charge  on  the  1st  of 
April,  1<S78.  He  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  frotn 
Madison  University  in  iSfiO,  anti  of  D.D.  from  Wil- 
liam Jewell  College  in  1^7,3. 

Rand,  Theodore  Harding,  A.M.,  D.C.L.,  was 

born  in  Cornwallis,  Nova  Scotia,  and  is  a  ";'"i<iuate 


THEODORE    IIAKDINO    R.\M),    A.M.,   D.C.I.. 

of  Acadia  College;  was  converted  and  baptized  in 
Wolfville  in  1855,  while  attending  college;  taught 
in  the  Provincial  Normal  School,  Truro,  from  I86I 


to  1SG4;  then  he  was  chief  superintendent  of  edu- 
cation in  Nova  Scotia  until  1870,  and  rendered 
important  services  in  that  department;  traveled 
in  Kuropo  and  observed  methods  and  results  of 
teaching  in  the  best  schools  there  ;  was  appointed, 
in  1871,  chief  superintendent  of  education  in  New 
Brunswick,  and  has  there  performed  similar  ser- 
vices to  those  rendered  in  Nova  Scotia.  Admirably 
adapted  for  educational  work,  Dr.  Rand  performs 
his  responsible  duties  with  enthusiasm  and  effi- 
ciency. 

Rand,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  bfirn  in  Manchester, 
N.  H.,  May  21,  177'),  his  father  being  a  Presl)yte- 
rian  minister.  He  was  ho()efully  converted  when 
he  was  twenty-two  years  of  age,  and  baptized  in 
Alstead.  He  began  to  preach  at  once,  but  wish- 
ing to  secure  a  better  preparation  for  his  work, 
he  entered  the  school  of  Rev.  William  Williams,  of 
Wrentham,  and  subsequently  graduated  at  Brown 
University  in  1803.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of 
the  church  in  Ilolyoke  (then  Ireland  Parish,  West 
Springfield,  Mass.),  Oct.  6,  1803.  At  the  time  of 
his  ordination  his  church  was  the  only  Baptist 
church  in  a  circle  the  diameter  of  which  would  be 
thirty  miles,  including  Hampshire  and  Hampden 
Counties.  Here  he  performed  his  work  for  twenty- 
five  yciirs,  during  si.x  months  in  the  year  having 
the  charge  of  a  school,  in  which  not  a  few  persons 
whose  after-lives  were  very  useful  received  their 
education.  In  Octolier,  1828,  he  became  the  pas- 
tor of  the  church  in  New  Salem,  N.  H.,  where  he 
remained  six  years,  then  went  to  Hinsdale,  con- 
tinuing here  two  years.  For  five  years  he  was 
a  city  missionary  in  New  York  City.  His  closing 
years  were  passed  in  Ilolyoke,  among  his  former 
parishioners,  where  he  died,  May  31,  1857. 

Rand,  Rev.  Thomas,  the  son  of  a  minister  of 
the  same  name,  was  born  in  West  Springfield. 
Mass.,  July  10,  1813;  licensed  to  preach  in  183G; 
graduated  at  Hamilton  Theological  Seminary  in 
1838  ;  ordained  at  Bayou  Chicot,  La.,  in  1841 ;  died 
at  Lake  Charles,  La.,  July  1.  1809.  He  devoted 
his  life  to  teaching  and  preaching,  and  tlid  much 
to  Ituild  up  the  Baptist  cause  in  the  Opelousas  re- 
gif)n.     He  was  a  ripe  scholar  and  fine  preacher. 

Randall,  David  Austin,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Colchester,  Conn.,  Jan.  14,  KSlo.  At  the  age  of 
fourteen  made  a  public  profession  of  religion  ;  was 
licensed  to  preach  June  30,  1838 ;  ordained  in 
Richfield,  0.,  Dec.  18,  1839,  where  he  was  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  for  five  years,  and  where  ho 
edited  a  Washingtonian  paper,  and  gave  much  time 
to  the  temperance  cause.  In  1845  removed  to  Co- 
lumbus, 0.,  and  became  one  of  the  editors  of  the 
Journal  and  Mcsseiicjer.  For  several  years,  after 
severing  his  connection  with  this  paper,  he  en- 
gaged in  the  book  business.  In  1858  was  called  to 
the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  Colum- 


RANDALL 


956 


RANDOLPH 


bus,  0.,  and  continued  in  that  position  eight  years. 
During  this  pastorate  he  made  an  extensive  jour- 
ney through  Oriental  countries,  the  results  of 
which  he  embodied  in  a  royfil  octavo  volume  of 
720  pages,  entitled  "  The  Handwriting  of  God  in 
Egypt,  Sinai,  and  the  Holy  Land."  This  book  has 
had  an  extensive  sale,  and  is  said  by  competent 
critics  to  be  one  of  the  best  vrorks  on  the  East. 
Subsequently  he  made  a  minute  and  extensive  tour 
through  continental  Europe,  and  England,  Scot- 
land, and  Ireland. 

Dr.  Randall  was  for  six  years  corresponding 
secretary  of  the  Ohio  Baptist  State  Convention, 
and  subsequently  its  treasurer.  In  1870  Denison 
University  conferred  upon  him  the  honorary  degree 
of  D.D.  He  still  resides  at  Columbus,  0.,  where 
he  devotes  his  attention  to  literary  pursuits,  though 
he  gives  much  time  to  lecturing,  preaching,  and  the 
various  educational  and  missionary  enterprises  of 
the  day. 

Randall,  Rev.  Nelson  Birney,  was  bom  in 

Springville,  N.  Y.,  June  14,  1838.  After  grad- 
uating from  Hamilton  College,  Clinton,  N.  Y.,  in 
1858,  and  from  Rochester  Theological  Seminary 
in  1869,  he  was  ordained  at  Ypsilanti,  Mich.,  the 
following  October.  Four  years  of  his  previous  life 
had  been  spent  in  the  practice  of  law  in  Glovers- 
ville,  N.  Y'.  He  has  sustained  with  eminent  suc- 
cess the  relation  of  pastor  in  Ypsilanti,  Mich.,  Vine- 
land,  N.  J.,  Providence,  R.  I.  (Jefferson  Street),  and 
Norristown,  Pa.,  where  he  now  ministers,  deeply 
intrenched  in  the  affections  of  the  church  and  con- 
gregation. No  small  service  has  been  done  in  the 
wiping  out  of  debts,  aggregating  $16,000,  and 
in  important  improvements  inaugurated  under  his 
ministry. 

Randall,  Judge  Samuel,  was  born  in  Sharon, 
Mass.,  Feb.  10,  1778.  A  pupil  of  Rev.  William 
Williams,  of  Wrentham,  Mass.,  he  fitted  for  Brown 
University,  and  graduated  in  the  class  of  1804. 
Hon.  Virgil  Maxcy  and  Gov.  Marcus  Morton  were 
members  of  the  sanre  class.  xMr.  Randall  read  law 
with  Judge  Howell,  but  before  con;pIeting  his 
studies  he  removed  to  Warren,  to  take  charge  of 
an  academy  in  that  village.  Quite  a  number  of 
his  pupils  were  subsequently  students  in  college, 
and  were  an  honor  to  their  faithful  instructor. 
For  many  years  he  acted  as  a  judge  in  different 
courts  in  Rhode  Island.  For  forty-four  years  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Baptist  ciiurch  in  Warren, 
and  took  a  deep  interest  in  its  material  and  spir- 
itual prosperity.  He  died  at  the  advanced  age  of 
eighty-six,  March  5,  1864.  Judge  Randall  was  the 
father  of  Rev.  George  M.  Randall,  D.D.,  the  Epis- 
copal bishop  of  Colorado.  Prof.  Gammell  says  of 
him,  "  He  died  as  he  lived,  universally  respected 
as  an  upright  magistrate,  a  useful  citizen,  and  a 
consistent  Christian." 


Randall,  Rev.  William  H.,  was  licensed  to 
preach  iu  his  native  town, — North  Stonington, 
Conn. ;  graduated  at  Hamilton  Theological  Sem- 
inary, N.  Y.,  in  1850;  settled  in  Frensburg,  Phil- 
lipsville,  and  Williamsville,  N.  Y. ;  in  the  late  war 
raised  a  company,  and  entered  the  service  as  a  cap- 
tain, performing  also  the  duties  of  a  chaplain  :  Ibr 
gallant  conduct  at  Chancellorsville  he  was  raised 
to  the  rank  of  major;  wounded  at  Gettysburg,  and 
obliged  to  leave  the  field  :  in  1865  resumed  his  pas- 
torate at  Williamsville  ;  while  seeking  restoration* 
to  health,  died  at  Lake  Maitland,  Fla.,  May  7, 
1874,  in  the  fifty-sixth  year  of  his  age ;  a  pure, 
noble  spirit. 

Randall,  Rev.  William  Henry,  son  of  William 

P.  and  Mai'ie  L.  Randall,  was  born  in  Groton, 
Conn.,  Aug.  23,  1840;  converted  in  February, 
1855,  and  baptized  March  25  of  same  year  by 
Rev.  Harvey  Sillinmn,  uniting  with  the  Second 
Baptist  church  in  Groton  ;  graduated  with  special 
honor  from  Brown  University  jn  1861 ;  spent  an- 
other year  at  the  university  in  post-graduate 
•studies;  taught  schools  in  Mystic  and  Sufifield, 
Conn.,  and  Providence,  R.  I.,  from  1865  to  1872, 
with  the  exception  of  one  year — 1870-71 — spent  in 
travel  in  Europe  and  the  East,  visiting  specially 
the  Holy  Land ;  studied  at  Newton  Theological 
Institution  in  1873-74 ;  ordained  pastor  of  AVind- 
sor  Avenue  Baptist  church,  Hartford,  Conn.,  Dec. 
15,  1874 ;  settled  with  Central  Baptist  churcli, 
Thompson,  Conn.,  in  June,  1877,  where  he  is  now 
(1880)  laboring;  married,  July  1.  1874,  Mary  F. 
Gallup,  daughter  of  Deacon  John  Gallup,  of  Groton, 
Conn. 

Randolph,  Judge  Joseph  F.,  was  born  in 
Plaintield,  N.  J.,  about  1800.  He  was  the  son  of 
Rev.  Robert  Randolph.  He  was  baptized  at  Free- 
hold by  Rev.  J.  M.  Challiss.  He  opened  a  law- 
oflSce  in  Freehold^,  and  afterwards  resided  and 
practised  in  New  Brunswick,  Trenton,  and  Jersey 
City,  where  he  died  at  an  advanced  age.  He  was 
first  elected  to  Congress  in  1838,  and  served  two 
terms.  He  also  was  honored  witli  an  appointment 
to  the  judgeship  of  the  Supreme  Court  in  New 
Jersey. 

Randolph,  Warren,  D.D.,  son  of  Lewis  S.  and 
Hannah  (Gilman)  Randolph,  was  born  at  Piscata- 
Wjiy,  N.  J.,  iNIarch  30,  1826.  He  was  a  graduate 
of  Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1851.  Among 
his  classmates  were  Prof.  J.  L.  Diman,  D.D.,  and 
Rev.  J.  B.  Simmons,  D.D.  Soon  after  his  gradu- 
ation he  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  High  Street 
Baptist  churcli,  Pawtucket,  R.  I.,  where  lie  re- 
mained but  a  short  time,  and  then  accepted  a  call 
to  become  pastor  of  the  Eightii  (now  Jefferson) 
Street  church,  Providence.  He  removed  to  Phila- 
delpiiia  in  1S57,  and  became  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  cliurcl:   in   Germantown,  which    office  he 


RANDOLPH 


957 


RANGOON 


held  until  18G3,  when  he  was  called  to  the  Har- 
vard Street  Baptist  church,  Boston.  Four  years 
later,  in  18f)7,  he  returned  to  Philadelphia,  and 
was  pastor  of  the  Fifth  Baptist  cluirch  until  1870, 
when  his  health  failing  he  resigned,  and  s])ent  not 
far  from  a  year  in  foreign  travel,  extending  his  trip 


WARREN    RANDOI.I'II,    D.D. 

as  far  as  to  Egypt  and  Palestine.  On  his  return, 
in  1871,  he  became  Sunday-school  secretary  of  the 
American  Ba|)tist  Publication  Society.  In  the  dis- 
charge of  his  official  duties  he  traveled  very  exten- 
sively over  the  United  States,  and  proved  himself 
a  most  useful  agent  in  promoting  the  interests  of 
the  society  which  he  served. 

In  1872  a  committee  was  appointed,  by  a  Sun- 
day-School Convention  representing  the  evangeli- 
cal denominations  of  the  United  States  and  Canada, 
to  select  lessons  for  a  seven  years'  course  of  study. 
Dr.  Randolph  represented  the  Baptists  in  this  com- 
mittee. Its  labors  were  so  successful  that  before 
the  seven  years  had  expired  it  was  calculated  that 
about  eight  millions  of  persons  were  reaping  the 
advantages  of  the  lessons.  A  second  international 
lesson  committee  was  appointed  to  serve  for.  the 
ensuing  seven  years  ;  of  this  committee  Dr.  Ran- 
dolph was  a  member,  lie  resigned  his  secretary- 
ship in  1877,  to  the  sincere  regret  of  the  Publica- 
tion Society,  to  accept,  the  pastorate  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  Indianapolis,  where  he  remained 
a. little  more  than  two  years.  On  his  return  to  the 
East  he  became  pastor  of  the  Central  Baptist 
church  of  Newport,  R.  I. 

Dr.  Randolph  has  been  in  almost  constant  ser- 


vice  since  his  ordination,  in    1851,  and  he  is  ad- 
mirably qualified  for  the  work  of  the  gospel  min- 
istry. 
Rangoon  Karen  College. — In  the  fifty-sixth 

annual  report  (ircsented  to  the  Missionary  Union 
in  1870,  among  other  suggestions  Dr.  Binnoy  made 
the  following  :  "  Wiiether  we  ought  not  to  make 
some  provision  for  general  education  for  Karens, 
by  which  this  institution"  (the  Karen  Theological 
Seminary)  "  might  be  relieved  of  that  department."' 
The  suggestion  of  Dr.  Binney  met  with  a  prompt 
response,  and  in  the  annual  report  of  the  executive 
committee  for  1871,  we  are  told  that  "  the  ctfort 
begun  the  past  year,  for  the  founding  of  a  Karen 
College  at  Rangoon,  is  the  logical  result  of  the  gen- 
eral educational  impulse,  which  has  been  felt  at  the 
missionary  stations.''  The  college  was  opened  on 
the  28tliof  May,  1872,  Rev.  Dr.  Binney,  president, 
with  three  native  teachers  and  seventeen  pupils. 
Rev.  John  Packer,  who  had  been  professor  in  the 
State  University  of  Missouri,  sailed  in  October,  1872, 
to  be  connected  with  Dr.  Binney,  both  in  the  theo- 
logical institution  and  the  college.  The  second 
year  of  the  college  opened  April  I,  1873,  two  weeks 
after  the  arrival  of  Prof.  Packer,  and,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  two  weeks'  vacation  in  October,  was  in 
continuous  session  until  Jan.  28, 1874.  The  whole 
number  of  students  in  attendance  during  the  session 
was  39,  of  whom  36  were  boys.  Of  course,  the 
work  done  was  of  a  very  elementary  character,  but 
it  was  work  well  done,  and  designed  to  be  the  foun- 
dation work  preparatory  to  something  higher  in 
the  future.  Rev.  C.  H.  Carpenter  was  appointed 
president  in  1873,  and  left  the  United  States  in 
January,  1874,  to  take  charge  of  the  college.  He 
remained  in  office  but  a  short  time,  when  Prof. 
Packer  was  chosen  in  his  place.  Several  circum- 
stances conspired  for  a  year  or  two  to  hinder  the 
progress  of  the  college.  The  report  at  the  end  of 
the  session  of  1876-77  was  more  favorable,  the 
number  of  pupils  having  been  109,  and  the  last 
year  the  number  had  risen  to  127.  Through  the 
generosity  of  one  individual  an  ample  site  and 
buildings  for  the  college,  including  a  dormitory, 
have  been  secured.  A  good  beginning  has  been 
made  in  the  life  of  the  Rangoon  College,  and  the 
prospect  of  its  future  usefulness  is  very  bright. 

Rangoon  Mission  Press.— The  first  printing- 
press  of  which  the  Baptist  missionaries  made  use 
was  a  gift  from  the  English  Baptist  ^Mission  at 
Serampore,  in  1816.  It  was  sent  to  Rangoon  and 
placed  under  the  charge  of  Rev.  G.  II.  Hough,  who 
had  learned  and  practised  the  trade  of  printing  in 
the  United  States.  At  once  Mr.  Hough  put  to 
press  Dr.  Judson's  "Luminary  of  Christian  Doc- 
trines," a  catechism,  and  a  translation  of  the  gos- 
pel of  Matthew.  After  the  war  between  England 
and  Burmah.  Maulmain  becanie  the  chief  seat  of 


RANGOON 


958 


RA  USCnENB[TSCH 


printing  operations.  In  ISfil  the  Mission  Printing- 
Press,  with  all  that  pertained  to  it,  was  again  es- 
tablished at  Rangoon,  under  the  charge  of  Rev. 
C.  Bennett,  and  the  mission  printing  was  constantly 
and  vigorously  prosecuted  in  tlie  line  of  Scriptures, 
books,  and  tracts.  All  the  movable  portinn  of  Mr. 
Ranney's  printing  estahlishment  at  Rangoon  was 
'purchased  by  the  Missionary  Union  in  1862,  and 
proved  a  valuable  addition  to  the  facilities  needed 
for  the  publication  of  a  religious  literature.  From 
Oct.  1,  1861,  to  Sept.  30.  1862,  there  had  been  pub- 
lished 2,113,000  pages  of  matter,  religious  and 
secular,  and  during  the  next  year  the  amount  was 
more  than  doubled.  When  Mr.  Bennett,  who  had 
spent  some  time  in  this  country,  returned  to  Ran- 
goon in  1865,  he  was  the  bearer  of  important  addi- 
tions to  the  working  material  of  the  printing-office 
and  bindery,  which  had  cost  over  SGOOO.  During 
the  two  years,  1863-65,  8,751,900  pages  had  been 
printed.  The  books  and  tracts  were  upon  a  great 
variety  of  subjects,  and  varied  in  size  from  a  16mo 
to  an  8vo, — a  revival  hymn-book  representing  the 
first,  and  a  Burmese  and  English  dictionary  the 
second.  The  report  of  the  Executive  Committee 
for  1867  estimates  the  value  of  the  investments 
made  to  carry  on  printing  at  Rangoon  at  §18,736.56. 
From  Oct.  i,  1867,  to.  Sept.  30,  1868,  the  number 
of  pages  printed  was  10,678,000.  Besides  the  print- 
ing done  to  meet  the  vvants  of  the  missions,  a  large 
amount  of  job  work,  also,  was  done,  thus  enabling 
the  Union  to  reduce  the  expenses  of  running  the 
establishment.  Mr.  Bennett,  who  again  made  a 
visit  to  this  country,  returned  to  the  scene  of  liis 
labors  in  the  fall  of  187*2.  During  his  absence  the 
work  went  on  under  the  superintendence  of  Rev. 
I.  D.  Colburn.  In  the  annual  report  of  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  for  1877  the  announcement  was 
made  that  Mr.  Bennett  had  resigned  his  connection 
with  the  press  the  fall  previous.  It  was  stated  that 
"  he  had  been  more  or  less  intimately  connected 
with  the  press  for  forty-seven  years,  and  during 
the  greater  part  of  this  time  had  taken  charge  of 
it.  lie  developed  excellent  business  qualities,  and 
managed  its  affairs  with  great  prudence  and  skill 
till  it  has  become  one  of  the  most  important  factors 
of  our  mission  work  in  Burmah."  Upon  the  resig- 
nation of  Mr.  Bennett,  Rev.  AV".  II.  Sloan  was  ap- 
pointed superintendent.  He  remained  in  chai'ge 
for  some  time,  and  on  returning  to  tiiis  country  on 
account  of  the  health  of  his  family,  Mr.  Bennett 
consented,  temporarily,  to  occupy  the  position  he 
had  held  for  so  many  years.  The  report  for  the 
year  ending  Oct.  1,  1877,  presents  the  names  of  a 
long  list  of  books  and  pamphlets  printed  in  the 
following  languages  and  dialects  :  English.  Bur- 
mese, S'gan  Karen,  Pwo  Karen,  and  Bgiiai  Karen. 
The  number  of  pages  in  these  books  and  pamphlets 
was   4693,   and    the    total    of  pages    printed   was 


5,843,974.  ■  Among  the  more  important  of  these 
publications  we  notice,  in  Burmese,  Judson's  Eng- 
lish-Burmese Dictionary,  completed,  roj'al  octavo, 
the  Four  Gospels,  the  Acts,  and  several  of  the  Epis- 
tles, each  in  royal  quarto,  together  with  the  Penta- 
teuch in  quarto.  In  S'gan  Karen,  the  English- 
Karen  Dictionar3%  in  medium  quarto,  several  books 
of  the  New  Testament,  ,and  the  minutes  of  six 
Associations. 

Rathbone,  Maj.-Gen.  John  T.,  was  l)orn  in 
Albany,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  IS,  1821  ;  was  educated  in  the 
academy  at  Albany  and  the  Collegiate  Institute 
of  Brockport,  N.  Y.  His  father  died  when  he  was 
fifteen  years  old,  when  he  left  school  and  accepted 
a  clerkship  in  Rochester.  At  seventeen  years  of 
age  he  united  with  the  Baptist  church  of  Brock- 
port.  At  eigiiteen  he  returned  to  Albany.  In 
1845  he  built  his  foundry  in  Albanj-,  which,  with 
the  additions  since  made,  is  one  of  the  largest  in  the 
world. 

In  1861,  Jlr.  Rathbone  was  ajipointed  brigadier- 
general  of  the  Ninth  Brigade  of  the  National  Guards 
pf  New  York,  and  on  the  breaking  out  of  the  civil 
war  he  was  appointed  ciunmandant  of  the  Albany 
Depot  for  Volunteers.  On  being  relieved  from  this 
command  Gen.  Rathbone  was  highly  complimented, 
not  onl}'  by  the  adjutant-general,  but  by  the  com- 
mander-in-chief, for  his  great  success  in  raising 
recruits  and  performing  all  the  duties  of  his  office. 
lie  sent  to  the  front  thirty-five  regiments  from  his 
depot.  In  1867,  Gen.  Rathbone  resigned  his  posi- 
tion as  commandant  of  the  Ninth  Brigade.  When 
John  A.  Dix  was  elected  to  the  governorship  of 
New  York  he  appointed  Gen.  Rathbone  adjutant- 
general  of  the  State,  with  the  rank  of  major-gen- 
eral. He  served  under  Gov.  Dix's  administration 
with  credit  to  himself  and  great  advantage  to 
the  State.  He  has  been  asked  to  accept  political 
nominations,  which  he  invariably  declined,  ambi- 
tious only  to  serve  his  fellow-men  as  a  private 
citizen.  lie  is  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Albany 
Orphan  Asylum,  of  which  he  has  been  a  trustee 
for  thirty  years,  and  fur  manj'  years  the  president. 
For  thirty  j'ears  he  has  been  superintendent  of  the 
Emmanuel  Baptist  Sunday-school,  and  he  has  been 
a  working  member  of  the  church  for  forty  years. 
He  founded  the  Rathbone  Librai-y  of  the  University 
of  Rochester,  of  which  he  is  a  trustee,  to  whose 
fuiids  he  has  contributed  about  840,000. 

Gen.  Rathbone  is  one  of  the  noble  Baptists  who 
have  conferred  honor  u)Hin  our  denomination  in 
the  State  of  New  York. 

Rauschenbusch,  Augustus,  D.D.,  was  born  at 
Altena,  province  of  Westphalia.  Geriiumy,  Feb.  13, 
1816.  He  was  the  son  of  A.  E.  Rauschenbusch, 
Lutheran  pastor  in  that  city,  a  learned  and  highly 
esteemed  clergyman,  from  whom  also  he  received 
his  earliest  instructions.     In  his  fifteenth  year  he 


RA  USCHENB  USCH 


959 


RAWDON 


entered  the  gymnasium  (college)  at  Elberfeld,  and, 
having  graduated,  he  went,  in  his  nineteenth  year, 
to  the  University  of  Berlin  for  the  purpose  of  study- 
ing for  the  ministry.  Through  the  instructions  of 
his  teacher,  the  venerable  Dr.  Neander,  and  through 
the  influence  of  pious  friends,  he  was  awakened  to 
a  sense  of  his  guilt  before  God,  and,  after  a  severe 


.\UGUSTUS    RAlSCIlF.Vni'SCir,   D.D. 

inward  struggle,  at  the  age  of  twenty,  he  became  a 
decided  and  joyful  believer.  Having  spent  some 
time  at  home,  he  went  to  the  University  of  Bonn, 
where  he  devoted  his  time  both  to  natural  science 
and  theology.  At  the  death  of  his  father,  in  1841, 
the  son  was  chosen  by  the  congregation  as  his  suc- 
cessor. As  that  congregation  numbered  about  3000 
souls,  an  important  field  was  thus  opened  to  the 
youthful  minister.  His  earnest  pleading  aroused 
great  opposition  on  the  part  of  the  worldly-minded, 
but,  at  the  same  time,  it  proved  the  means  (if 
awiikening  many  hundreds  of  persons  at  Altena 
and  at  various  places  in  the  vicinity. 

After  four  years  of  successful  labor,  Mr.  Rausch- 
enbusch  felt  himself  more  and  more  hampered  liy 
his  ecclesiastical  relations,  and,  after  much  prayer, 
he  resolved  to  go  to  a  land  where  he  could  preach 
the  gospel  untramnieled  and  unmolested.  Having 
iieard  of  the  great  religious  destitution  among  the 
Germans  in  America,  he  emigrated  to  this  country 
in  1846,  and  immediately  went  to  Missouri  to  preach 
to  the  numerous  Germans  settled  there.  In  1847 
he  was  invited  by  the  Amcricitii  Tract  Society  to 
come  to  New  York  to  conduct  the  publication  of 
their  German  tracts.     Here  he  became  acquainted 


with  Dr.  Somers,  a  Baptist  pastor,  and  a  member 
of  the  publishing  committee  of  the  Tract  Society. 
Through  hiin  he  was  led  to  consider  the  question 
of  baptism.  After  a  long  and  prayerful  investiga- 
tion of  it,  ho  was  bajitizcd  in  May,  1850.  \U\  con- 
tinued his  connection  with  the  Tract  Society  until 
August,  1853,  superintending  their  seventy  German 
colporteurs,  editing  their  German  monthly,  the 
Botschafter,  and  preparing  books  and  tracts.  At 
the  same  time  his  influence  was  strongly  and  ef- 
fectively exerted  in  furthering  the  Baptist  cause 
among  the  Germans.  In  1851,  withdrawing  for  a 
time  from  the  Tract  Society,  he  labored  as  a  preacher 
in  Canada,  and  organized  the  first  German  Baptist 
churches  there.  Having  visited  his  native  land,  he 
returned  to  this  country  in  1854  with  a  number  of 
emigrants,  and  settled  with  them  in  Missouri.  In 
1855  he  organized  a  German  Baptist  church  in 
Gasconade  Co.,  Mo.,  and  preached  to  it  until  1858, 
when,  in  obedience  to  a  call  from  the  New  York 
Baptist  Union  for  Ministerial  Education,  he  took 
charge  of  the  German  department  of  the  Theologi- 
cal Seminary  at  Rochester,  N.  Y.  Since  that  time 
e  has  fulfilled,  with  much  ability  and  success,  the 
duties  of  his  professorship.  He  is  doing  a  great 
work.  His  influence  on  the  young  men  going 
forth  from  Rochester  as  evangelists  and  pastors 
of  the  German  Baptist  churches  is  strongly  felt, 
and  his  valuable  services  are  gratefully  acknowl- 
edged by  all  the  churches. 

Rawdon  College,  Yorkshire,  England,  the  the- 
ological seminary  originally  called  "  the  Northern 
Baptist  Education  Society,"  was  founded  in  1804. 
Until  1859  the  college  was  located  at  Ilorton,  near 
Bradford,  and  was  known  as  Ilorton  College.  Its 
first  president  was  the  Rev.  AVilliam  Steadman, 
D.D.,  whose  eminent  services  established  the  rep- 
utation of  the  seminary  and  won  the  confidence  of 
the  churches.  Dr.  Steadman  was  succeeded  by  Dr. 
Acworth,  during  the  latter  part  of  whose  presi- 
dency the  present  handsome  and  commodious 
building  was  erected  and  paid  for.  The  Rev.  S. 
G.  Green,  D.D.,  was  elected  president  on  the  re- 
tirement of  Dr.  Acworth.  In  1876,  Dr.  Green 
accepted  the  position  of  literary  editor  of  the  Re- 
ligious Tract  Society,  and  was  succeeded  by  the 
Rev.  T.  G.  Rooke,  B.A.,  the  present  head  of  the 
seminary.  About  350  ministers  and  missionaries 
have  been  trained  in  this  institution,  many  of  whom 
have  distinguished  themselves  by  faithful  and  suc- 
cessful service  in  England, 'the  United  States,  the 
British  colonies,  and  in  heathen  lands.  Rawdon 
College  is  affiliated  to  the  University  of  London, 
and  during  recent  years  several  students  have 
graduated  with  distinction.  Two  scholarships,  the 
"  Acworth''  and  the  "  Steadman  and  Godwin," 
have  been  founded  recently.  (See  illustration  on 
next  page.) 


RAY 


960 


BAY 


RAWDON    COLLEGE,  YORKSHIRE,  ENGLAND. 


Ray,  Rev.  Ambrose,  a  distinguished  co-laborer 
with  ^lartin  Ball,  W.  H.  Ilolcome,  and  others  in 
North  Mississippi,  was  born  in  South  Carolina  in 
1798.  He  began  to  preach  about  1833,  and,  after 
a  successful  ministry  of  seventeen  years,  he  re- 
moved to  Mississippi  in  1850,  where  he  took  a  high 
rank  among  his  co-laborers,  and  was  often  called  to 
positions  of  honor  and  "trust  among  his  brethren. 
He  died  in  1873,  and  his  remains  rest  at  Union 
church,  Tippah  Co.,  Miss. 

Ray,  D.  B.,  B.D.,  was  born  in  Hickman,  Ky., 
March  30,  1830.  He  was.  converted,  and  baptized 
by  Elder  White,  into  the  Little  Albion  Baptist 
church,  Oct.  16,  1844.  He  was  ordained  in  1856. 
He  labored  in  Kentucky  and  Tennessee  till  1870, 
and  then  became  associated  witji  President  Worrell 
in  the  editorship  of  the  Baptist  Sentinel  at  Lexing- 
ton, Ky.  In  1873  he  became  pastor  at  La  Grange, 
Mo.,  and  removed  to  St.  Louis  in  1880.  He  studied 
in  Clinton  Seminary,  Ky.,  until  ill  health  compelled 
him  in  two  years  to  leave  school.  His  ordination 
took  place  in  1856.  After  this  he  devoted  much 
time  to  theological  studies,  history,  and  the  sciences. 
Thousands  have  been  converted  under  his  ministry. 
Not  only  as  an  evangelist  is  he  known,  but  more 
as  a  debater  on  religious  questions.  He  has  held 
forty  oral  discussions.  Most  of  these  have  been 
withCampbellite  and  Methodist  leaders.  His  dis- 
cussions have  been  frequently  followed  by  revivals, 
as  well  as  by  the  discomfiture  of  his  opponents. 

In  1867  he  pul)lished  his  "  Text- Book  on  Camp- 


bellism."  Seven  editions  have  been  issued,  and 
this  blighting  error  has  been  exposed.  In  1870  he 
issued  his  '•  Baptist  Succession."    It  is  a  convenient 


D.  B.   RAY,  D.D. 


hand-book  of  Baptist  history,  to  meet  objections 
against  Baptists.     Eight  editions  of  it  have  been 


RA  YMOND 


961 


It  A  YMOND 


issued.  "  The  Church  Discussion"  is  another  l)Ook 
he  has  issued,  containing  a  dehate  with  the  Cainp- 
bellitcs.  He  now  resides  in  St.  Louis,  and  is  editor 
and  proprietor  of  the  American  Bapiist  Flag.  He 
is  a  man  of  marked  ability  and  of  great  courage. 

Raymond,  John  Howard,  LL.D.,  was  l)orn  in 
the  city  of  New  Yurk,  Marcli  7,  1M4.  His  father, 
Hliachiiii  Raymond,  a  merchant,  was  distinguished 
for  liis  active  interest  in  every  religious  enterprise, 
and  was  a  leader  among  the  Haptists  of  liis  day. 
In  his  earliest  school-days  J.  H.  Raymond  was  the 
pupil  of  Gould  IJrown,  and  the  influence  of  this 
master  may  he  traced  in  his  early  acquisition  of  a 
taste  for  analytical  thinking  and  correct  expression. 
He  was  pi-epared  for  college  at  the  Hamilton  Acad- 
emy and  at  the  High  School  of  New  York.  In  1828 
he  entered  Columltia  College.  Four  years  later  ho 
was  graduated  at  Union  College,  and  immediately 
began  the  study  of  law  at  New  Haven.  It  was 
during  this  period  of  his  life  that  he  was  led  to  an 
abiding  faith  in  the  teachings  of  the  Bible  and  to 
an  acceptance  of  Jesus  as  his  Saviour.  He  united 
with  the  First  Baptist  chui'ch  of  Brooklyn,  and 
shortly  after  his  convictions  led  him  to  the  study 
of  theology,  with  the  intention  of  preparing  for 
the  ministry.  In  1S34  he  enteretl  the  Theological 
Seminary  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.  His  talent  for  ac- 
quiring languages  made  it  easy  for  him  to  gain 
distinction  as  ii  student  of  Hebrew,  his  progress 
being  so  marked  that  he  was  appointed  a  tutor  of 
the  language  at  the  seminary  before  he  had  com- 
pleted its  course  of  study.  In  1839  the  chair  of 
Rhetoric  and  English  Literature  was  established  in 
Madison  University,  and  he  was  called  to  the  new 
professorship.  He  had  rare  qualities  for  the  work, 
— habits  of  thoroughness  in  study,  brilliant  orator- 
ical powers,  fine  rhetorical  taste,  winning  social 
ways,  keen  sympathies,  ready  wit,  and  the  art  of 
teaching.  He  soon  came  to  believe  that  he  had 
found  his  calling,  and  that  he  saw  his  work  for  life 
in  the  profession  of  the  teacher.  For  ten  years 
Prof.  Raymond  continued  at  Madison  University, 
winning  reputation  as  an  orator  and  as  a  teacher. 

He  accepted  the  jirofessorship  of  Belle-Lettres  in 
the  University  of  Rochester  at  the  time  of  its  or- 
ganization, in  1850.  He  remained  at  Rochester 
until  18.56,  when  he  was  selected  to  org.-inize  the 
Collegiate  and  Polytechnic  Institute  in  Brooklyn. 
This  work  brought  him  prominently  before  the 
educational  profession,  for  he  had  a  difficult  task 
assigned  to  him,  and  he  accomplished  it  with  bril- 
liant success. 

When  Miitthew  Vassar  sought  the  advice  of 
prominent  American  teachers  in  selecting  the  man 
who  should  be  intrusted  with  the  work  of  organ- 
izing the  first  great  college  for  women,  he  found  it 
to  be  the  general  opinion  that  the  temperament, 
the  accomplishments,   and  the   experience  of  Dr. 


Raymond  made  him  the  man  for  the  position.  He 
was  promptly  appointed  to  the  presidency  and  pro- 
fessorship of  Mental  and  Moral  Philosophy  at  Vas- 
sar College.  His  work  there  began  in  the  summer 
of  1865.  To  his  task  he  brought  unwearying  pa- 
tience, close  observation,  and  the  cautiousness  of  a 
man  who  appreciates  the  sacredness  of  a  great  trust. 
No  man  connected  with  educational  institutions 
in  this  country  has  shown  more  talent  for  organ- 
ization than  was  exhibited  by  President  Raymond. 
The  Collegiate  and  Polytechnic  Institute  at  its 
inception  was  looked  upon  as  a  dubious  experiment. 
He  there  demonstrated  that  by  new  and  improved 
organization  elements  of  culture  seemingly  incon- 
gruous could  be  made  coalescent,  and  that  institu- 
tion became  the  model  after  which  many  high 
schools  and  academies  have  been  patterned.  This 
royal  talent  was  yet  more  brilliantly  displayed  by 
him  in  the  organization  of  Vassar  College.  His 
work  was  accomplislied,  not  by  spasmodic  efforts, 
but  by  patient  industry.  A  careful  process  of  rea- 
soning brought  him  to  a  conviction,  and  for  that 
conviction  he  could  toil  unceasingly.  Popular  ap- 
preciation was  not  a  powerful  incentive  to  him. 
Respect  for  his  own  well-considered  opinions  and 
faithfulness  to  trusts  placed  in  his  keeping  were 
the  constant  motives  of  his  earnest  life.  Such  a 
life  gave  him  an  ever-growing  influence  and  an 
unsought  eminence.  But  success  did  not  dim  the 
glow  of  his  spiritual  graces.  Humility,  calmness, 
trustfulness,  catholicity,  and  the  consecration  of 
his  industry  and  his  influence  shone  brighter  and 
brighter  in  him  till  the  end  of  his  life. 

He  gave  himself  so  exclusively  to  his  official 
work  that  his  graceful  pen  had  little  opportunity 
for  exercise.  Save  a  few  ])amphlets  and  sermons, 
all  marked  with  dignity  and  finish  of  style,  he  left 
no  published  works.  Never  physically  strong, 
Dr.  Raymond  broke  down  under  his  labors,  and 
though  his  physician  warned  him  that  he  must 
have  rest,  he  could  not  release  himself  from  the 
work  he  loved.  After  a  year  of  much  suffering, 
in  wliich  his  quiet  patience  and  geniality  shone 
brighter  than  ever  before,  with  no  definal)le  disease, 
but  worn  out,  he  died  on  the  14th  of  August,  1878. 
His  last  words  fittingly  closed  his  earnest  life  as 
he  quietly  said  to  his  family,  "  How  easy,  how 
ea.sy,  to  glide  from  the  work  here  to  the  work  in 
heaven  !"'  His  death  summoned  attention  to  his 
dignity  and  worth,  calling  forth  a  general  tribute 
of  respect  to  his  memory.  "  His  fame,  like  the 
fame  of  Arnold,  of  Rugby,  will  live  and  grow 
through  generations  of  those  to  whom  and  to 
whose  fathers  and  mothers  he  was  strong  guard- 
ian, wise  guide,  dear  friend."' 

Raymond,  Rev.  Lewis,  was  bom  Aug.  3, 1807, 
at  Walton,  Delaware  Co.,  N.  Y.  When  he  was 
about  seven  years  of  age  the  family  removed  to 


EA  TNOR 


962 


READ 


Sydney,  in  the  same  county,  now  called  Sydney 
Centre.  His  conversion  occurred  at  twenty-three, 
when  he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  S.  P.  Griswold,  one 
of  the  veteran  ministers  of  New  York.  In  July, 
1831,  he  was  licensed  by  the'  Sydney  church,  and 
for  a  wiiile  united  preachinin  with  his  business  as 
a  builder.  Ilis  first  pastorate  was  at  Luureiis,  in 
Otsego  County.  After  two  years  of  successful  labor 
he  removed  to  Cooperstown,  where  he  remained 
eight  and  a  half  years.  By  this, time  his  brethren 
had  found  in  him  uncommon  qualifications  for  use- 
fulness in  revival  labor,  and  in  1841  called  him  to 
that  sphere  of  service.  Three  years  were  spent  in 
such  labor  in  New  York  and  in  Northern  Pennsyl- 
vania. In  June,  1844,  he  removed  to  the  West, 
being  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist;  church 
in  Milwaukee.  The  church  was  very  small  and 
feeble,  but  grew  under  his  ministry,  and  erected 
its  first  house  of  worship.  After  four  years  in 
Milwaukee  he  was  called  to  Chicj}go  as  pastor  of 
the  Tabernacle  church,  succeeding  Rev.  H.  M. 
Rice,  who  had  died  of  cholera.  After  three  years 
he  again  engaged  in  revival  labors.  In  1854  he 
removed  to  Sandusky,  0.,  organizing  a  church 
there,  which,  however,  after  one  year,  he  gave  up 
to  Rev.  J.  D.  Fulton,  and  he  entered  the  service  of 
the  Ohio  State  Convention.  In  1857  he  accepted 
a  call  to  a  new  organization  in  Aurora,  111.,  the 
Union  Baptist  church;  in  1859  he  went  to  another 
new  church  at  Peoria;  at  the  end  of  a  year  he 
entered  the  army  as  a  ch-aplain,  continuing  in  that 
service  to  the  end  of  the  war.  Since  that  time  he 
has  been  engaged  as  an  evangelist,  and  in  labor 
with  feeble  churches.-  His  life  has  been  one  of 
energetic  service  in  a  spirit  of  great  enthusiasm 
and  personal  devotion.  And  the  fruit,  in  souls 
added  to  the  Lord,  has  been  abundant. 

Kaynor,  Samuel,  was  born  on  Long  Island, 
Aug.  10,  1810.  He  was  baptized  by  Dr.  Spencer 
H.  Cone  in  1833,  and  became  a  member  of  the 
Oliver  Street  church.  New  York,  of  which  he  has 
been  a  deacon  over  a  quarter  of  a  century.  He  is 
a  well-known  business  man  in  New  York.  He  is 
distinguished  for  his  liberal  support  of  the  great 
institutions  of  the  Baptist  denomination.  He  is  a 
manager  of  the  American  and  Foreign  Bible  So- 
ciety and  of  the  New  York  Sunday  School  Union. 
He  was  for  years  president  of  a  benevolent  institu- 
tion in  New  York  known  as  the  "  Eastern  Dispen- 
sary,"' and  has  official  connection  with  several  in- 
surance companies  and  the  Metropolitan  Savings- 
Ban  k  of  New  Y''ork. 

Read,  Daniel,  LL.D.,  was  bom  in  Orangeville, 
N.  Y.,  April  11,  18:25.  He  was  educated  at  Madi- 
son University,  and  settled  at  first  us  pastor  of  the 
Big  Flats  Baptist  church,  in  New  York,  where  he 
was  ordained  to  the  work  of  the  gospel  ministry. 
He  was  next  pastor  of  the  Medina  Baptist  church, 


N.  Y.,  and.was  then  induced  to  accept  the  pastorate 
of  the  Second  Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  In 
1856  he  was  elected  president  of  ShurtleflF  College, 
in  Illinois.  This  old  institution  was  patronized  by 
the  Baptists  of  St.  Louis,  which  enabled  Dr.  Read 
to  render  the  special  service  to  it  that  his  influence 
in  that  city  and  his  learning  promised.  Under  his 
charge  the  college  was  placed  on  a  firm  financial 
basis,  and  rose  to  a  position  it  had  not  hitherto 
attained. 

In  1873,  Dr.  Read  resigned  the  presidency  of  the 
college  and  accepted  a  call  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  "Williamsburg,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  faithful 
pastor  and  an  able  preacher.  His  study  of  the 
Bible  in  the  languages  in  which  it  was  written 
makes  him  one  of  the  most  instructive  expounders 
of  its  sacred  truth. 

Read,  Rev.  George  R.,  of  Alameda,  Cal.,  was 

born  at  Attleborough,  Mass..  March  5,  1841;  bap- 
tized at  North  Attleborough  in  October,  1856 ; 
served  in  the  army  under  Gen.  Banks  at  New 
Orleans  until  1863:  studied  at  Pierce  Academy, 
Mass.;  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  1868, 
and  at  Newton  Theological  Seminary  in  1871 ; 
settled  as  pastor  for  live  years  at  Lisbon  Falls, 
where  he  was  ordained,  Oct.  25,  1871.  The  church 
grew  under  his  ministry ;  many  were  baptized. 
He  removed  to  California  in  December.  1876,  and 
supplied  the  Stockton  church  six  months,  during 
the  pastor's  absence  in  the  Holy  Land.  In  July, 
1877,  he  settled  at  Alameda,  organized  a  church, 
built  a  house  of  worship,  and  has  been  favored 
with  growing  prosperity.  He  is  greatly  beloved, 
is  a  self-denying  pastor,  and  zealous  worker.  He 
has  acted  in  honorable  official  positions  in  Asso- 
ciations and  Conventions,  and  is  numbered  with 
the  brethren  of  influence  on  the  Pacific  coast. 

Read,  Rev.  Geo.  W.,  was  born  at  Frankfort. 
Ky.,  Jan.  16,  1843.  Mr.  Read  spent  nearly  three 
years  and  a  half  in  the  Union  service  during  the 
war,  receiving  a  wound  from  which  he  still  at  times 
severely  suflers.  He  was  baptized  Dec.  1,  1866. 
He  entered  Shurtleflf  College  preparatory  to  the 
work  of  the  ministrj',  and  was  ordained  at  Kin- 
mundy.  111.,  June  11,  1S71.  He  was  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Clayton,  111.,  five  years,  and  the 
Union  Avenue  church,  Litchfield,  111.,  one  year. 
He  removed  to  Peru.  Neb.,  Jan.  1.  1878.  Through 
his  labors  a  commodious  church  edifice  has  been 
built.  He  preaches  to  the  Brownville  Baptist 
church  in  connection  with  that  of  Peru. 

Read,  Rev.  Hiram   Walter,  was   bom   in 

Jewctt  City,  Conn.,  July  17,  1819  ;  baptized  March 
11,  1838,  at  Oswego,  N.  Y. ;  educated  at  Oswego 
Academy  and  Madison  University;  began  his  min- 
istry in  1844,  at  Whitewater,  Wis.  He  was  pastor, 
and  chaplain  to  AVisconsin  senate,  and  labored  in 
many  revivals.     In  1S49  he  went  to  New  Mexico, 


READ 


963 


REDING 


and  in  1852  preached  to  U.  S.  troops  and  to  the 
Indians  and  iM(!xicans  ;  organized  churches,  located 
missionaries,  and  established  schools,  explored  ad- 
jacent Territories,  and  laid  foundations  for  mission 
work.  Returnino;  East,  he  labored  for  the  Home 
Mission  and  the  American  and  Foreign  Bible  So- 
cieties, and  settled  for  a  time  in  Virginia,  near 
Washington  ;  built  tiie  Falls  Baptist  church,  and 
helped  others  in  revivals.  During  tlie  war  he 
served  the  U.  S.  government  at  Washington,  in 
the  field,  and  in  hospitals ;  was  taken  prisoner, 
and  exchanged  for  Dr.  Broaddus,  of  Fredericks- 
burg, Va.  Assisted  to  establish  the  'I'erritorial 
government  of  Arizona,  and  hold  positions  of  great 
pecuniary  trust,  under  direction  of  tiie  U.  S.  treas- 
urer. Visited  California  in  1864.  In  1865  settled 
at  Hannibal,  Mo.,  and  soon  after  was  engaged  in 
many  revivals  as  an  evangelist.  His  labors  have 
been  greatly  blessed  in  Eastern  cities  and  many  of 
the  larger  towns  of  the  country.  He  has  baptized 
nearly  lOflO,  and  led  thousands  more  to  Christ,  who 
were  baptized  by  others.  While  in  New  Mexico  he 
was  captured  by  Indians,  and  threatened  with  death 
by  fire,  but  was  graciously  saved.  Ho  is  now  pastor 
at  Virginia  City,  Nov. 

Read,  Rev.  Isaiah  W.,  was  Ijorn  at  I^ankfort, 
Ky.,  May  25,  1848;  baptize.!  Dec.  2,  1866.  He 
was  ordained  at  Roanoke,  111.,  June  10,  187.3,  and 
became  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  of  that  place. 
He  afterwards  had  charge  of  the  Baptist  churches 
in  Kingsbury  and  Elkhart,  Ind.  lie  graduated 
from  the  Baptist  Theological  Seminary  in  Chicago, 
May  8,  1879,  receiving  the  degree  of  B.D.  He  had 
previously  accepted  a  position  under  the  American 
Baptist  Publication  Society  as  their  general  mis- 
sionary in  Nebraska  and  Dakota.  Efficient  and 
valuable  work  has  been  already  done  by  him  in 
this  new  field. 

Read,  Rev.  James  C,  was  born  at  Frankfort, 
Ky.,  April  18,  1845.  Mr.  Read  spent  two  years 
and  eight  months  in  the  Union  service  during  the 
war.  He  was  baptized  Dec.  2,  1866  :  educated  at 
Shurtlcft' College,  Upper  Alton,  111.,  and  the  Bap- 
tist Theological  Seminary  in  Chicago.  He  labored 
with  the  Baptist  churches  in  Fairbury,  Washington, 
and  Metamora,  111.,  and  in  W(>stville,  Ind.  He  re- 
moved to  Nebraska  in  1879,  and  became  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  churches  at  Tecumseh  and  Sterling, 
in  which  field  his  toils  have  been  incessant  and 
his  labors  greatly  blessed.  He  is  at  the  present 
time  engaged  in  building  a  church  edifice  in  Te- 
cumseh. 

Read,  Rev.  John  C.  H.,  was  born  at  Frankfort, 
Ky.,  May  5,  1857;  baptized  in  1866;  ordained  at 
Roanoke,  111..  Doc.  30,  1875.  from  which  he  re- 
moved to  Edwardsburg.  Mich.  In  1879  he  ac- 
cepted a  call  from  the  Ba|itist  church  in  Blair, 
Neb.,  where  he  has  met  with  much  success. 


Blessed  are  the  parents  who  have  given  to  the 
cause  of  Christ  four  efficient  atid  faithful  minis- 
ters, men  who  arc  dooply  interested  in  all  (ques- 
tions pertaining  to  the  progress  of  the  church  and 
the  denomination,  not  alone  in  their  immediate 
fields,  but  also  in  the  State  and  throughout  tho 
world. 

Read,  Rev.  Wm.  E.,  was  bom  in  Missouri. 
Feb.  4.  1845  ;  removed  with  his  parents  to  Califor- 
nia in  1852  ;  was  converted,  and  joined  the  Meth- 
odists in  1855.  In  1862  he  was  appointed  to  take 
charge  of  tho  Carson  Valley  Circuit,  Nevada  Ter- 
ritory. During  the  war  he  was  three  years  in  the 
U.  S.  army.  At  its  close  he  continued  in  the  Meth- 
odist ministry,  and  was  located  in  California,  at 
Cache  Creek,  Rio  Vista,  Capey,   and  Colusa.     In 

1873  he  joined  the  Baptist  church  at  Newville; 
was  licensed,  and  ordained  in  1875;  labored  as  a 
missionary  of  the  Sacramento  River  Association  ; 
traveled  and  preached  in  the  mountain  regions  and 
mining  camps ;  organized  Sunday-schools,  and 
preached  to  feeble  churches.  He  has  been  for 
three  years  clerk  of  the  Sacramento  River  Asso- 
ciation, and  in  1880  was  enrolling  clerk  of  the 
California  Legislature.  Conscientious,  finely  edu- 
cated, easy  in  public  address,  and  logical  in  preach- 
ing, he  is  held  in  high  esteem,  and  is  known  as  an 
earnest  and  successful  advocate  of  the  ordinances 
and  faith  of  the  Baptists. 

Reding,  Rev.  Charles  W.,  was  born  in  Ports- 
mouth, N.  II.,  Sept.  21,  1811,  and  was  a  graduate 
of  Brown  University  in  the  class  of  18,37,  and  of 
the  Newton  Theological  Institution  in  the  class  of 
1840.  He  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  church  in 
West  Townsend,  Mass.,  May  12, 1841,  where  he  re- 
mained for  three  years,  and  then  removed  to  Yar- 
mouth, Me.,  where  he  was  pastor  also  for  another 
three  years.  From  Yarmouth  he  went  to  the  Second 
church  in  Beverly,  Mass.,  where  he  continued  until 
1856,  and  then  removed  to  Manchester,  where  he 
was  pastor  five  years;  then  two  years  at  Beverly, 
with  his  former  church  ;  then  at  Webster,  from  1863 
to  1869  ;  and  then  at  Mil  ford,  for  two  years.    Since 

1874  Mr.  Reding  has  resided  at  Beverly,  and  has 
supplied  the  church  which  he  formerly  served  since 
1874. 

Reding,  Rev.  Joseph,  a  distinguished  pioneer 
preacher  in  the  South  and  West,  was  born  in 
Fauquier  Co.,  Va.,  about  1750.  He  was  converted 
under  the  ministry  of  the  eloquent  Willianj  Mar- 
shall, and  baptized  in  1771.  He  commenced 
preaching  immediately,  and  with  such  success  that 
a  large  number  of  people  were  converted.  In  1772 
he  removed  to  South  Carolina.  The  next  year  he 
returned  to  his  old  home,  where  he  was  ordained 
at  Happy  Crook  church.  Soon  after  this  he  located 
in  Ilanipsliire  County,  where  he  founded  several 
churches,   there  being  no  other  preacher    in    the 


REED 


964 


REES 


county.  In  1779  he  started  witli  his  family  to  Ken- 
tucky. His  boat  was  wrecked,  and  he  did  not 
reach  the  present  site  of  Louisville  until  the  fol- 
lowing April.  In  a  short  time  after  he  landed  one 
of  his  children  died.  The  Indians  were  so  trouble- 
some that  he  could  preach  but  little,  and  in  the  fall 
he  returned  to  Virginia.  In  1784  he  again  removed 
to  South  Carolina,  where  he  traveled  and  preached 
extensively,  occasionally  supplying  the  pulpit  in 
Charleston,  before  Dr.  Furman  took  charge  of  it. 
In  the  fall  of  1789  he  settled  in  Scott  Co.,  Ky. 
He  preached  there  with  the  same  zeal  and  constancy 
that  he  had  exercised  elsewhere,  and  became  the  most 
popular  preacher  in  the  new  settlements.  He  was 
called  to  the  care  of  Great  Crossing  church,  to  which 
he  preached  with  great  success  sixteen  years. 
During  the  years  1800  and  1801  he  baptized  361 
persons  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Great  Crossing 
church.  In  1810  he  took  charge  of  Dry  Run 
church,  which  he  had  formed  in, Scott  Courity. 
Here  he  remained  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
in  December,  1815. 

Seed,  N.  A.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Lynn,  Mass., 
Jan.  20,  1815.  He  was  early  ambitious  for  an  edu- 
cation, and  availed  himself,  with  that  view,  of  such 
opportunities  as  offered  during  intervals  of  labor 
on  the  farm  or  in  the.  store,  for  private  study.  In 
1832,  in  a  revival  at  Andover,  he  was  converted. 
Though  educated  as  a  Congregationalist,  the  study 
of  the  Greek  New  Testament  made  him  a  Baptist. 
He  was  baptized  in  1833  into  the  fellowship  of  the 
Andover  Baptist  church.  Deciding  to  enter  the 
ministry,  he  studied  at  Brown  University,  gradu- 
ating in  1838,  and  was  ordained  at  Wakefield,  R.  I., 
soon  after.  His  successful  pastorates  have  been  at 
Wakefield,  Suffield,  Conn.,  Bedford  and  Franklin- 
dale,  N.  Y.,  Winchester,  Mass.,  near  Boston, 
Wakefield  a  second  time,  Bristol,  R.  I.,  Middle- 
town,  N.  Y.,  Zanesville,  0.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich., 
Hamilton,  0.,  Muscatine,  Iowa,  Centralia,  111.,  and 
the  present  one  at  Amboy,  in  the  same  State. 
At  these  important  points  his  work  has  always 
been  fruitful  in  conversions  and  additions  to  the 
churches,  while  the  influence  of  his  public  ministry 
has  been  ever  promotive  of  harmony  and  the  spirit 
of  church  enterprise. 

Rees,  Rev.  Cyrus  Williain,  A.M.,  was  born 

in  Guernsey  Co.,  0.,  -Jan.  2,  1S2S  ;  son  of  Rev.  Wm. 
Rees,  who  did  so  much  for  missions  and  education 
in  Indiana;  has  two  brothers  in  the  Baptist  min- 
istry, Rev.  Eli  Rees,  of  California,  and  Rev.  Jona- 
than II.  Rees,  of  Texas.  In  early  life  he  studied 
for  the  medical  profession.  At  eighteen  he  was 
converted,  and  baptized  by  his  father  at  Delphi, 
Ind.  Studied  at  Franklin  and  Kalamazoo  Colleges. 
graduating  at  Kalamazoo  in  1855.  Offered  him- 
self as  a  foreign  missionary,  and  was  accepted  by 
the  board  at  Boston,  but  the  §60,000  debt  prevented 


the  Union  from  sending  him.  In  1855  he  settled 
as  pastor  of  the  Mount  Clemens  and  Macomb 
churches,  Mich.,  and  was  ordained  November  15, 
precious  revivals  attending  his  work  at  both 
churches.  In  1856  he  settled  at  Fort  Wayne, 
built  a  meeting-house,  and  baptized  sixty.  Losing 
his  voice,  he  removed  to  Texas.  In  1859  he  removed 
to  California,  regained  his  voice,  settled  at  Petaluma. 
and  built  a  meeting-house,  costing  SI 500  ;  removed 
to  Nevada  in  1861  :  was  the  first  Baptist  preacher  at 
Carson,  Virginia  City,  Silver  City.  Dayton,  and" 
Fort  Churchill,  and  school  superintendent  for 
Lyon  County.,  Until  1869  he  labored  in  Nevada 
and  Eastern  California,  and  organized  more  new 
churches  than  any  other  pastor  or  missionary  on 
the  Pacific  coast.  He  has  labored  at  Sacramento 
and  Red  Bluff  in  California,  built  new  meeting- 
houses, organized  the  Eastern  Association  in  1873  : 
moved  to  Oregon  in  1876;  was  pastor  at  Eugene 
City,  the  seat  of  the  State  University ;  is  now 
pastor  at  the  Dalles  :  has  baptized  300  converts. 
He  is  author  of  a  "  Chronological  Historical  Chart" 
of  the  leading  events  of  the  world  ;  also  author  of 
a  similar  "  History  of  the  American  Civil  War," 
a  "Baptist  Chronological  History  from  the  Days 
of  Christ,"  and  now  has  a  work  nearly  ready  for 
the  press,  containing  nearly  four  hundi-ed  Pedo- 
liaptist  concessions  to  Baptist  principles,  arranged 
denominationally.  ,  He  is  a  good  preacher  and 
lecturer  on  reformatory  subjects,  and  a  number  of 
his  discourses  on  special  subjects  have  been  pub- 
lished. 

Rees,  Rev.  Eli,  eldest  son  of  Rev.  Wm.  Rees, 
was  born  in  Ohio,  Jan.  11,  1821.  Two  of  his 
brothers  are  Baptist  ministers,  C.  W.  Rees,  of 
Oregon,  and  Jonathan  H.  Rees.  of  Texas.  Edu- 
cated at  Denison  University,  0.  ;  ordained  as 
pastor  at  Huntington,  Ind.,  Jan.  16,  1848.  After 
two  years  he  became  general  agent  of  the  Indiana 
State  Association,  and  did  much  to  arouse  a  mission 
spirit;  organized  and  served  the  Brookville  church, 
baptizing  many  converts,  until  1854,  when  health 
required  him  to  go  to  the  warmer  climate  of  Texas, 
where  he  taught  and  preached;  was  president  of 
the  JIargaret  Houston  Female  College ;  held  pro- 
tracted meetings,  baptized  many  converts :  and  in 
1859  crossed  the  plains  to  California,  preaching  on 
the  journey.  During  twenty  3'cars  he  has  given 
himself  to  mission  work,  laboring  almost  alone  in 
the  San  Joaquin  Valley,  raising  up  several  Baptist 
churches,  and  training  them  for  future  pastors. 
lie  is  the  inventor  of  a  patent  which  promises  fine 
pecuniary  returns,  which  he  has  dedicated  to  home 
and  foreign  missions,  and  the  endowment  of  a  Bap- 
tist paper  on  the  Pacific  coast.  His  residence  is 
Merced,  Cal. 

Rees,  Rev.  George  Evans,  was  born  near 
llaverford-West,  South  Wales,  in  the  year  1845 ; 


REESE 


965 


REEVES 


was  baptized  at  Pembroke  Dock  in  the  eigliteonth 
year  of  his  age;  studied  at  Bristol  College,  Eng- 
land, under  the  presidency  of  Rev.  F.  AV.  Gotch, 
LL.D. ;  settled  in  his  first  pastorate  at  Truro,  Corn- 
wall, England,  and  remained  more  than  three  years 
and  a  half.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in  Juno, 
1872,  and  soon  after  accepted  a  call  to  the  Taber- 


REV.  GEORGE    EVANS    REES. 

nacle  church,  Philadelpliia,  in  wliicli  field  of  labor 
he  still  continues  in  the  esteem  and  co-operation 
of  a  large  and  influential  membership.  He  is  also 
connected  with  the  lioards  of  management  in  city 
and  State  mission  work.  Mr.  Roes  is  a  man  of 
genial  temperament  and  robust  intellect,  and  a 
preacher  whose  words  are  spoken  with  great  clear- 
ness and  force.  The  blessing  of  God  has  rested 
upon  his  labors  in  an  unusual  measure. 

Reese,  Rev.  Joseph,  was  born  in  Delaware  in 
1736.  His  father  came  to  South  Carolina  during 
his  cliildhood.  He  was  for  many  years  pastor  of 
the  Congaree  church.  He  was,  in  a  great  measure, 
instrumental  in  tiio  revival  from  which  the  noted 
cliurch.  High  Hills  of  Santee,  sprang.  The  people 
of  the  vicinity  had  been  singularly  careless  about 
religion,  until  their  interest  was  awakened  by  Mr. 
Reese,  and  greatly  increased  by  Dr.  Furnian. 

He  was  in  feeble  health  for  years  liefore  his 
death.  '"His  last  attendance  at  church  was  about 
twelve  months  before  his  decease,  at  which  time, 
in'  great  pain  and  weakness,  he  adniinistered  t!ie 
Lord's  Supper." 

Reeves,  Rev.  James,   was   bom   in  Wilkes 

Co.,  Ga.,   in    1783,   and  died    in   Carroll    County, 


April  6,  18.58,  in  the  seventy-fifth  year  of  his 
age.  He  was  most  decidedly  a  praying  man  and 
a  student  of  the  Bible.  From  his  entrance  into 
the  ministry  he  was  devoted  to  its  sacred  duties, 
and  gloried  in  being  a  pioneer  preacher.  He  re- 
moved successively  to  Jasper,  Butts,  and  Trou)) 
Counties,  following  the  tide  of  immigration,  ami 
with  John  Wood  and  other  zealous  ministers 
planted  the  cross  in  what  was  then,  comparatively 
speaking,  a  wilderness.  Preaching  in  log  cabins 
and  under  temporary  arljors,  thoy  supplied  the 
people  with  Bibles  and  tracts,  and  established 
Sunday-schools  and  temperance  societies.  Some 
of  the  most  flourishing  churches  in  Troup  and  the 
adjoining  counties  were  established  by  Reeves  and 
his  coadjutors.  In  those  days  the  anti-mission  war 
raged,  and  John  Reeves  was  one  of  the  firmest  de- 
fenders of  missions.  He  was  benevolent  and  ex- 
ceedingly punctual,  and  no  one  enjoyed  more  the 
confidence  of  those  who  knew  him.  To  the  very 
last  he  was  faithful  and  devoted,  old  age  neither 
dampening  his  ardor  nor  restraining  his  zeal,  and 
death  found  him  "as  a  shock  of  corn  fully  ripe." 

Reeves,  Rev.  Jeremiah,  Sr.,  was   born  in 

Halifax  Co.,  N.  C. :  brought  up  in-  the  Episcopal 
Church ;  his  painstaking  in  the  acquisition  of 
knowledge  gained  him  the  office  of  clerk,  whose 
business  it  was  to  assist  the  rector  in  public  ser- 
vice ;  but  upon  hearing  the  Baptists  preach  he 
entered  into  their  views  with  all  his  heart.  This 
was  a  source  of  deep  mortification  to  his  father, 
who  remarked,  "  Jerry,  I  am  the  more  astonished 
at  you,  seeing  you  have  labored  through  so  many 
difficulties  to  inform  your  mind,  and  have  obtiiined 
more  knowledge  than  the  rest  of  the  family,  that 
you  should  now  turn  fool  and  follow  after  these 
babblers."  Nevertheless,  Jerry  connected  himself 
witii  a  Baptist  church  on  Mars"  Fork  of  Haw  River 
before  the  Revolutionary  war.  He  removed  to 
Georgia  in  1784,  and  settled  in  Wilkes  County,  on 
the  Dry  Fork  of  Long  Creek,  and  was  among  the 
early  members  of  Sardis,  then  Hutton's  Fork 
church.  As  a  Christian,  he  was  zealous,  pious, 
and  devoted  ;  as  a  church  member,  he  was  con- 
stant, stable,  and  persevering ;  as  a  preacher,  he 
was  ardent  in  spirit  and  sound  in  the  faith  ;  and 
as  a  man,  he  was  industrious,  courteous,  and  hon- 
orable. 

Mr.  Reeves  raised  a  fine  family  of  children,  most 
of  whom  grew  to  maturity  and  became  useful 
Christians.  Four  of  them,  Malachi,  Jeremiaii, 
John,  and  .Tames,  boeaine  ministers  of  the  gospel. 

Reeves,  Rev.  Jeremiah,  Jr.,  son  of  Rev.  Jere- 
miah Reeves,  Sr.,  was  born  in  North  Carolina  in 
1772,  and  removed  with  his  father  to  (ieorgia  in 
17'^4,  settling  in  Wilkes  County.  He  was  ordained 
a  deacon  in  ISO*),  and  set  apart  to  the  ministry  in 
1813.    He  labored  long  and  faithfully  in  the  north- 


REEVES 


966 


BE  ID 


Ciist  part  of  the  State,  being  one  of  the  first  pioneers 
in  tliat  section,  aiiiing  in  the  constitution  (if  various 
churches.  In  sentiment  he  was  strongly  mission- 
ary, and  encountered  some  persecution  on  account 
of  his  stern  advocacy  of  missidnary  and  temperance 
principles.  He  was  a  man  of  great  piety,  and  emi- 
nent for  his  devotional  spirit  and  fur  promoting 
missions  in  the  Sarepta  Association,  lie  died  on 
the  27tli  of  January,  1837,  in  tiie  sixty-tiftli  year 
of  his  age. 

Reeves,  E.ev.  John,  third  niinisterial  son  of 
Jeremiah  Reeves,  was  born  in  Georgia  about  the 
year  1790,  and  was  a  very  useful  man  in  his  day. 

Reeves,  Rev.  Malachi,  son  of  Jeremiah  Reeves, 
Sr.,  was  born  in  Ilalifa.x  Co.,  N.  C,  about  the  year 
1770,  and  removed  with  his  father  to  Georgia  in 
1784.  At  maturity  he  joined  the  church  at  Sardis, 
Wilkes  Co.,  and  was  introduced  into  the  ministry 
through  the  following  train  of  circumstances: 
About  the  year  1808  he,  in  com,pany  with  his 
brother  Jeremiah  and  Pitt  Milner,  another  mem- 
ber of  the  church,  instituted  a  series  of  prayer- 
meetings  to  be  held  at  their  houses.  About  a  dozen 
attended  the  first  appointment,  and  it  was  agreed 
to  continue  the  meetings  so  long  as  one  dozen 
should  attend.  At  each  consecutive  meeting  a 
larger  number  was  in  attendance,  until  both  house 
and  yard  were  full.  Soon  it  became  apparent  that 
the  Spirit  of  the  Lord  was  in  the  design,  and  for 
the  accommodation  of  an  anxious  multitude  the 
meeting-house  was  piit  into  requisition.  Naturally 
such  an  attentive  multitude  of  in((uirers  rendered 
necessary  the  reading  and  expounding  of  the  Scrip- 
tures and  exhortation, "in  which  exercises  Malachi 
Reeves  took  the  lead,  and  soon  gained  for  himself 
the  title  of  preacher.  Pitt  Milner  was  called  the 
exhorter,  whilst  Jeremiah  Reeves,  Jr.,  was  called 
the  praying  man,  on  account  of  the  fervor  of  his 
petitions. 

From  this  commencement  a  glorious  revival  en- 
sued, and  about  100  were  added  to  the  church. 
The  Sardis  church  saw  fit  to  license  Malachi  Reeves 
to  preach,  which  was  done  in  1809,  and  the  follow- 
ing year  he  was  ordained  to  the  full  work  of  the 
ministry,  and  ever  afterwards,  to  his  death,  in 
1826,  he  proved  a  good  and  useful  minister  of 
Christ,  greatly  beloved  by  all.  lie  was  a  man  of 
good  natural  talents,  clear  judgment,  and  discrim- 
inating understanding. 

Reeves,  Rev.  Zachariah,  a  distinguished  pio- 
neer preacher  in  South  Mississipj)i.  was  born  in 
Soutii  Carolina  in  1799;  came  to  Pike  Co.,  Miss., 
in  1811  ;  began  to  preach  in  1832;  was  a  man  of 
great  power,  and  exerted  a  wide  influence  in  the 
southern  part  of  the  State  ;  )ilanted  many  churches  ; 
and  was  for  twenty-four  years  moderator  of  the 
Mississippi  Association;  died  in  1871. 

Regent's  Park  College,  one  of  the  finest  edu- 


cational edifices  in  London,  England,  is  the  home, 
of  the  Baptist  theological  seminary  formerly  known 
as  Stepney  College,  which  was  founded  in  1810, 
under  the  presidency  of  the  Rev.  W.  Newman, 
D.D.  Since  the  removal  to  Regent's  Park,  in  18-56, 
lay  students  have-  been  admitted,  and  tiie  institu- 
tion has  won  a  high  position  in  public  esteem. 
The  Rev.  Joseph  Angus,  D.D..  LL.D.,  has  been 
president  upwards  of  thirty  years.  In  commem- 
oration of  his  personal  worth  and  eminent  services 
to  the  Baptist  denomination  and  to  education,  the* 
•'  Angus  Lectureship"  has  been  founded  during  the 
present  year  .(1880).  Regent's  Park  College  is 
affiliated  to  the  University  of  London,  and  a  large 
number  of  students  have  graduated,  several  of 
whom  have  taken  high  honors  and  valuable  prizes. 
During  the  last  twenty  years  about  S50,000  have 
been  contributed  by  friends  of  the  college  to  found 
scholarships.  More  than  300  ministers  have  gone 
forth  from  the  college  to  labor  in  different  parts 
of  the  United  Kingdom,  the  British  colonies,  the 
United  States,  and  heathen  lands. 

Register,  The  Baptist  AnnuaL— This  work 

was  first  issued  in  1790,  in  London,  by  Dr.  John 
Rippon.  Until  this  period  the  Baptists  in  Europe 
and  America  were  destitute  of  any  organ.  The 
Regisier  had  articles  from  both  sides  of  the  Atlan- 
tic, and  it  was  a  creditable  forerunner  of  the  long 
list  of  periodicals  tyid  newspapers  that  now  give  a 
knowledge  of  our  doctrines  and  movements  to  mil- 
lions of  readers. 

Reid,  Judge  Jacob  P.,  departed  this  life  Aug. 
19,  1880,  in  his  sixty-sixth  year.  He  was  solicitor 
of  the  western  circuit  of  South  Carolina  for  sixteen 
years,  and  was  accounted  one  of  the  ablest  in  the 
State.  In  1868  he  was  elected  to  Congress  from  the 
third  district,  but  was  not  permitted  to  take  his 
seat.  In  1874  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  first 
circuit,  and  served  with  great  ability  until  he 
resigned  the  position  in  1878. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Anderson  Baptist  church 
for  many  years.  He  was  a  man  of  much  force  of 
character,  and  of  great  li])erality  and  public  spirit. 
The  influence  of  his  useful  life  will  long  survive 
him. 

Reid,  Rev.  Samuel  Ethelred,  of  African  de- 
scent, was  l)orn  of  Baptist  parents  at  Browstown, 
Jamaica,  West  Indies,  May  22,  1840.  He  graduated 
at  Lady  Mico  Institution,  Kingston,  then  engaged 
in  mission  work.  He  removed  to  California  in 
1865;  preached  for  the  Second  Baptist  church, 
Stockton,  four  years;  was  ordained  at  Stockton  in 
October,  1867,  and  had  marked  success.  Removing 
to  Virginia  City,  Nev.,  his  talent  and  integrity  led 
to  his  employment  in  a  responsible  position  in  one 
of  the  gold-mining  companies  of  that  citj'.  But  he 
preaches  frequently,  is  an  official  member  of  the 
church,  a  man  of  influence,  and  deeply  interested 


REID 


9G8 


RELIGIOUS 


in  the  welfare  of  the  scattered  colored  Baptists  on 
the  Pacific  coast. 

Reid,  Rev.  T.  A.,  was  bom  in  Hall  Co.,  Ga., 
March  28,  1828.  He  studied  and  taught  alternately 
until  1853,  when  he  entered  -Mercer  University. 
That  great  and  good  man,  Rev.  P.  H.  M«ll,  D.l).. 
entered  his  room  and  said,  "I  and  my  wile  have 
•  determined  to  take  you  as  a  member  of  our  family 
and  incur  all  your  college  expenses." 

lie  had  long  felt  it  a  duty  to  preach,  and  soon  after 
going  to  Mercer  he  told  Dr.  Mell  of  his  desire,  and 
soon  after  he  received  a  license. 

In  1856  the  Rehoboth  Association  in  Georgia 
determined  to  send  him  as  a  missionary  to  Africa. 
He  and  his  wife  sailed  from  New  York  on  the  7th 
of  August,  1857,  and  landed  in  Africa  in  the  fol- 
lowing September.  In  1858  he  lost  his  wife.  In 
loneliness,  in  perils  of  a  nativt  war,  and  amid  great 
privations,  he  still  labored  for  the  blaster  in  Awyaw, 
the  capital  of  the  Yoruba  country.^  In  1864  the 
feebleness  of  his  health  made  it  necessary  for  him 
to  return  to  his  native  country.  Having  spent  some 
time  in  England  he  landed  in  New  York.  For  sev- 
eral years  he  preached  in  South  Carolina  and  in 
other  States  with  acceptance,  waiting  till  the  board 
could  send  him  to  his  chosen  foreign  field.  The 
board,  however,  having  at  length  determined  not 
to  send  any  more  married  missionaries  to  Africa, 
as  he  was  now  married  a  second  time,  he  reluc- 
tantly gave  up  Africa,  and  he  is  now  preaching 
with  characteristic  zeal  and  success  at  MiHway,  S.  C. 

Reid,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Ayrshire, 
Scotland,  in  1812.  His  parents  were  Presbyterians, 
but  at  the  age  of  seventeen  he  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  James  Blair,  and  joined  the  Baptist  church 
of  whicii  he  was  pastor.  Ilis  fixther  soon  after- 
wards also  united  wMth  the  Baptist  Church.  lie 
was  licensed  by  the  church  to  preach.  In  his 
twentieth  year  he  came  to  the  United  States,  and 
engaged  in  secular  business  ;  but  by  the  advice  of 
friends  he  resolved  to  devote  himself  to  the  work 
of  the  ministry.  For  several  years  he  studied  in 
the  Connecticut  Literary  Institution  at  Suffield.  He 
was  ordained  in  East  AVindsor  in  1839,  and  was 
first  settled  as  pastor  at  Wethersfield.  After  two 
years  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  cliurch  at 
Tarifi'ville.  During  this  settlement  of  five  years 
large  additions  were  made  to  the  church.  He  tlien 
became  pastor  of  the  church  at  Bridgeport,  where 
he  remained  nine  years  ;  then  he  took  charge  of 
the  First  Baptist  church  of  New  London,  where  he 
remained  eight  years.  He  was  then  pastor  at 
Green  Point,  Brooklyn,  four  years.  From  thence 
he  was  called  to  the  McDougal  Street  church  in 
New  York.  After  a  pastorate  of  several  years  he 
accepted  the  call  of  the  Herkimer  Street  churcii  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  In  all  these  settlements  he  met 
with  great  success. 


He  is  a  fluent,  calm,  deliberate  speaker,  showing 
clearly,  by  his  style  and  accent,  that  his  early  train- 
ing was  in  Scotland.  He  has  a  clear  head  and 
warm  heart.  Often  there  is  a  grandeur  in  the 
sweep  of  his  thought  that  thrills  and  charms  his 
hearers.  As  a  Ba'ptist,  he  is  conservative,  and 
eminently  sound  in  the  faith  taught  by  the  fathers 
of  the  denomination. 

Reinhardt,  Rev.  J.  J.,  was  born  a  slave,  Aug. 
15,  1828,  in  Lawrence  Co.,  Miss. ;  had  no  early 
advantages  of  education.  He  made  use  of  all  the 
opportunities  which  came  in  his  waj'.  and  he  is 
now  prepared  to  studj'  any  book  in  the  English 
language.  He  has  given  some  attention  to  New 
Testament  Greek,  receiving  occasional  assistance 
and  advice  from  Rev.  R.  Andrews,  Jr.,  and  Rev. 
W.  C.  Crane,  D.D.,  LL.D.  He  was  born  from 
above  April  7,  1849,  and  was  licensed  and  encour- 
aged to  preach  to  his  race  in  the  summer  of  1849. 
He  was  ordained  to  t{je  full  work  of  the  gospel 
ministry  in  tlie  fall  of  1866.  He  has  baptized  300 
persons  in  "Walker  County,  400  in  Grimes  County, 
200  in  Brazos  County.  400  in  Robertson  County,  60 
in  Houston  County,  100  in  Leon  County,  and  100 
in  Washington  County,  Texas;  total,  1560.  He 
has  been  pastor  of  21  churches,  all  organized  by 
his  agency,  with  such  help  as  he  could  procure. 
He  now  resides  at  Navasota,  and  is  pastor  of  two 
churches.  IlehashoJd  three  offices, — 1.  Supervisor 
of  public  schools  for  Grimes,  "Walker,  ]Madison,  and 
San  Jacinto  Counties  :  2.  School  director  for  Grimes 
County  ;  3.  Alderman  for  the  city  of  Navasota  for 
five  years.  At  present  he  holds  no  office  except 
that  of  a  minister  of  the  gospel.  He  is  a  man  of 
fine  natural  sense,  clear  and  sound  judgment,  using 
good  language  in  expressing  his  ideas,  and  com-- 
manding  the  respect  and  confidence  of  both  the 
white  and  colored  races.  In  the  councils  of  his 
people  he  holds  a  high  rank,-  and  is  exerting  a 
healthful  spiritual  influence  in  the  community 
where  he  resides. 

Reinhart,  President  H.  W.,  was  born  in  Char- 
lottesville, Va.,  July  4,  1S33  ;  graduated  in  a  num- 
ber of  the  schools  of  the  University  of  A^irginia  :  was 
briptized  by  Dr.  Jeter  ;  has  taught  twenty-four  years 
in  Virginia  and  North  Carolina,  in  Albemarle 
Military  Institute,  Richmond  College,  Roanoke 
Female  College,  as  co-principal  with  Rev.  J.  B. 
Lake,  at  Fredericksburg.  Va.  ;  came  to  Yancey- 
ville,  N.  C,  in  1859;  served  as  captain  of  cavalry 
till  health  gave  way,  in  1864;  taught  in  Danville 
Va.,  Raleigh,  N.  C,  and  now  for  several  years  has 
been  president  and  proprietor  of  a  prosperous  female 
college  at  Thomasville,  N.  C.  ^Ir.  Reinhart  has 
never  been  ordained,  but  sometimes  preaches. 

Religious  Denominations  in  the  United 
States. — The  following  statistics  arc  from  the 
"  Baptist  Year-Book  :' 


EEL YE A 


969 


RENFROE 


Denominations. 


Churches, 


Minis- 
ters. 


120 

400 

16,590 

:ioO 

2,01)0 

3,4:i5 

100 

1,'^'J4 

;{  22,5 

'  90 

11,811 

3,807 

1,418 

1,600 

G38 

89» 

271 

24 

19e 

1,314 

101 
250 

1,239 
5,044 

128 
1,000 

«25 


714 

4,873 

80 

12 

1,200 

2,190 


10,000 

40,000 
2,296,327 

30,(KI0 
382,920 
35(1,000 
345,841 
5,000 

74,851 
10fl,000 
712,240 

20,000 
*1,723,147 
828,301 
214,808 
190,900 
112,300 

112,197 
12,642 
12,550 
3,210 

113,405 

2,550 

25,000 

9,212 

100,000 

578,071 

l'l,2.')0 

120,028 

77,414 

80,208 

151,761 

16,000,000 

8,548 

2,000 

50,000 

157,835 


Adventist 80 

Anti-Mission  Bnptist 900 

Baptists •. 26,000 

Clmrch  of  Giiii.  Wiiii'liri-iiuaniins.  400 

Congregatiutmlists '  3,074 

Disciples,  Canipliellitt-s 2,360 

Episcopal,  I'nitestant 1  2,996 

Episcopal,  Rcfoinieil !  04 

Free  Will  Baptists 1,471 

Friends 8(K) 

Lutherans 5,697 

Mennonitea 120 

Methodist  Kpiscopal 17,111 

Methodist  Kpisi'opal,  Smith 

Methodist  Episcopal,  African 

Methodist  Episcopal,  Zion  African 

Metlioilist  Episcopal,  Colored  i     

Methodist    Evangelical     Associa- 
tion  \     

Methodist,  Free 

Methodist,  Independent 

Methodist,  I'rimilive 

Methodist  Protestant |     

Methodist  Episcopal  Union,  Anier-j 

ican  (colored) ;      

Methodist,  Weslo.van 

Moravian 75 

Presbyterian,  Cumberland 2,000 

Presbyterian,  North 5,489 

Presbyterian,  Kofornied 153 

Presliyterinn,  South 1,928 

Presbyterian,  United 798 

Reformed    Churches    in    America 

(Dutch) 510 

Reformed    Churches    in    Unitedj 

States  (German) I  1,374 

Roman  Catholic  (mid  to  be) 6,920 

Seventh-Day  Baptists 84 

.Six-Principle  Baptists 20 

Tunkers 500 

UaiteU  Brethren j  .3,079 


*  Including  179,020  members  on  probation, 
t  Entire  Boman  Catholic  population. 

Relyea,  Rev.  S.  S.,  w.is  born  in  New  York 
in  1822  ;  spent  two  years  at  AVaterville  C<)neo:e, 
Me.,  and  graduated  at  New  York  City  University 
in  1846,  and  Hamilton  Theological  Seminary  in 
1849.  After  filling  a  number  of  prominent  pastor- 
ates in  New  York  he  removed  to  Mis.sis.sippi,  and 
siibsequently  to  Louisiana,  where  ho  was  actively 
employed  in  te.-iching  and  preaching;  nine  years 
in  charge  of  Silliinan  Institute,  Clinton,  La. :  eight 
years  at  Woodland  Institute,  East  Feliciana  Parish, 
La.  Subsequently  he  returned  to  Mississippi,  and 
became  connected  with  a  school  at  McComb  City, 
Miss.,  and  associate  editor  of  the  Southern  Baptist. 
He  died  in  1877.  lie  left  a  manuscript  work  on 
church  polity. 

Remick,  Rev.  Timothy,  was  born  in  Kittery, 
Me.,  Sept.  30,  177.') ;  was  hopefully  converted  at  the 
age  of  twenty-three,  and  having  become  a  Baptist 
from  his  personal  stmly  of  the  Bible,  joined  the 
Baptist  church  in  Parsonficld,  Me.  Feeling  it  to 
be  his  duty  to  preach  the  gospel,  he  commenced 
his  work  as  an  evangelist  in  the  neighborhood  in 
which  he  lived,  his  labors  being  followed  by  rich 
fruits.  lie  was  ordained  in  Cornish,  Me.,  in  June, 
1804,  as  pastor  of  the  church  in  that  place,  where 
he  remained  the  rest  of  his  life.  Ilis  ministry  w;is 
one  of  blessing  to  his  church  and  to  the  community 
in  which  he  lived  for  so  many  years.  He  died 
Dec.  27,  1850. 
62 


Renfroe,  J.  J.  D.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Mont- 
gomery Co.,  Ala.,  Aug.  oO,  1830.  He  was  baptized 
by  A.  N.  Worthy,  Aug.  30,  1848;  ordained  at 
Cedar  Bluff  in  1S.")2.     The  earlier  years  of  his  life 


.1.  .1.  n.   RENFROE,   n.D. 

were  spent  among  ti  rtule,  uncultured  people.  En- 
tering the  ministry  when  young,  with  great  difficul- 
ties in  his  pathway,  he  has  by  persistent  and  faithful 
effort  made  his  way  to  the  front  rank  of  preachers 
in  the  South.  During  the  first  years  of  his  min- 
istry lie  was  eminently  successful  as  pastor  and 
preacher,  baptizing  birge  numbers  into  the  various 
churches  in  Cherokee  and  Calhoun  Counties  of 
which  he  was  pastor.  While  diligently  engaged  in 
leading  sinners  to  Christ,  he  was  earnest  and  ag- 
gressive in  his  defense  of"  the  faith  once  delivered 
to  the  saints.''  This  led  him  into  frequent  contro- 
versies with  ministers  of  other  denominations. 
The  results  of  these  conflicts  never  made  his 
brethren  blush  for  his  defesit,  but  iiis  almost  uni- 
form success  made  them  confident  when  their  cause 
had  been  committed  to  the  strong  young  pastor. 

Unusual  native  ability,  hard  study,  faithful,  effec- 
tive service,  commanded  the  attention  of  the  denomi- 
nation, and  on  the  1st  of  January,  18-58,  he  was 
called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  cliurcb  in  Talladega. 
The  last  three  years  of  '•  the  war  between  the 
States"  he  spent  in  Virginia,  the  efficient  and  be- 
loved chaplain  of  a  regiment  in  the  Confederate 
army.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  returned  to  Tal- 
ladega, resuming  his  pastorate.  The  beautiful 
brick  building  in  which  the  ciiurch  in  Talladega 
now  worships  is  a  lasting  monument  of  his  indomi- 


RENFROE 


97U 


REPENTANCE 


table  energy  and  untiring  zeal.  He  is  still  the 
pastor  of  the  church  in  Talladega,  enjoying  the 
unquestioning  confidence  and  deepest  Christian 
affection  of  the  entire  membership. 

His  practical,  pointed,  and  able  contributions  to 
various  religious  periodicals  during  almost  the  en- 
tire term  of  his  public  life  have  given  him  a  wide 
reputation,  and  made  him  a  power  in  the  denom- 
ination. The  current  questions  of  the  day  always 
command  his  attention,  and  he  is  ever  ready  to 
defend  the  tenets  of  his  church. 

In  1875  Howard  College  conferred  upon  him  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity. 

To  him  more  than  to  any  other  is  due  the  credit 
of  inaugurating  the  State  mission  work  in  Alabama. 
When  almost  all  were  opposed  he  stood  firm,  and 
contended  earnestly  for  what  he  conceived  to  be  best. 
Results  have  demonstrated  his  wisdom  and  rewarded 
him  for  all  the  efforts  made  in  this  direction. 

Dr.  Renfroe  is  a  man  of  strong  convictions,  with 
courage  to  follow  wherever  they  lead  without  hesi- 
tation and  without  wavering.  An  humble  man  of 
God,  who  has  spent  his  life  and  sacrificed  himself 
in  the  service  of  his  Master. 

The  latter  years  of  his  life  have  been  made  bitter 
by  severe  bereavements  and  affliction.  Amid  re- 
peated sore  troubles  and  hard  trials,  rapidly  recur- 
ring, he  has  made  it  manifest  that  he  is  a  trusting 
child  of  God,  a  good  servant  of  Christ,  who  can 
endure  hardness  as  a  good  soldier  of  the  Cross. 

To-day  no  minister  in  Alabama  occupies  a  larger 
or  more  tender  place  in  the  affections  of  his  breth- 
ren, no  man  has  more  of  the  confidence  and  respect 
of  the  denomination  to  which  he  belongs. 

Keufroe,  Rev.  N.  D.,  was  born  in  Macon  Co., 
Ala.,  Oct.  7,  1833  ;  united  with  the  Baptist  Chui-ch, 
and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  J.  R.  Hand  in  1848; 
educated  in  the  Cedar  Blufi"  Academy  and  in  Union 
University,  Tenn. ;  spent  four  years  in  the  uni- 
vei'sity  under  Rev.  J.'  W.  Eaton,  LL.D.,  also  took 
the  theological  course  under  Rev.  J.  M.  Pendle- 
ton, D.D. ;  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Jacksonville,  Ala.,  in  1859,  where  he  manifested 
superior  tact  as  a  young  pastor,  and  far  more  than 
ordinary  ability  as  a  preacher  ;  entered  the  Con- 
federate service  at  the  opening  of  the  war,  and  was 
killed,  in  command  of  his  company,  in  the  battle  of 
Fredericksburg,  Va.,  Dec.  13>  1802.  From  child- 
hood he  was  distinguished  for  the  purity  of  his 
personal  character,  and  after  becoming  a  Christian 
his  life  was  nearly  faultless.  At  the  time  of  his 
death  he  was  popular,  and  growing  in  popularity 
in  the  army  as  a  soldier,  as  an  officer,  and  as  a 
minister,  for  he  frequently  preached  to  his  com- 
rades. When  on  the  march,  when  in  hard  service, 
when  in  need,  and  when  any  were  sick,  ho  was  con- 
stantly watchful  for  them  and  tender  of  their  intei"- 
ests,  though  rigid  in  duty.     After  he  fell  the  Rev. 


Dr.  Henderson  edited  a  tract  of  sixteen  pages  on 
his  life,  entitled  "  The  Model  Confederate  Soldier," 
which  was  published  in  thousands  by  the  Virginia 
Tract  Society,  and  circulated  among  the  soldiers  -. 
it  consisted  )nainly  of  articles  which  appeared  in 
the  papers  about  him.  He  was  one  of  the  purest 
and  most  spotless  soldiers  in  the  Confederate  army. 
His  remains  were  carried  to  Alabama  and  buried 
in  Talladega,  where  his  elder  brother,  the  Rev.  J. 
J.  D.  Renfroe,  has  long  been  pastor.  Mr.  Renfroe 
was  twenty-nine  years  old,  and  unmarried.    . 

Repentance  is  indispensable  to  the  blotting  out 
of  our  sins  and  to  the  possession  of  that  holiness 
without  which  no  man  shall  see  the  Lord.  It  was 
frequently  on  the  lips  of  John  the  Baptist,  and  of 
the  Saviour  and  his  apostles,  and  it  should  be  in 
the  heart  of  every  member  of  Adam's  guilty  race. 

Repentance  is  not  merel}'  fear  for  God"s  anger, 
coming  from  a  consciousness  of  our  guilt.  The 
five  foolish  virgins,  when  death  came,  were  filled 
with  apprehensions  in  view  of  meeting  God,  and 
they  immediately  sought  pardon,  and  failed  to  find 
'it  because  the  Saviour  knew  nothing  about  them  as 
penitent  persons. 

Repentance  is  not  mere  grief  for  the  consequences 
of  sin.  Esau  sold  his  birthright,  and  for  an  insig- 
nificant price  he  gave  up  the  honor  of  being  the 
father  of  the  coming  Messiah,  of  many  kings,  and 
of  a  great  historic  nation,  stretching  over  thousands 
of  years  of  human  history.  AVhen  he  came  to  see 
the  full  measure  of  his  foUv,  he  was  filled  with 
bitter  grief  for  the  consequences  of  his  sin.  So 
are  convicts  in  view  of  the  scaffold,  and  so  are  hosts 
of  men  drawing  near  the  eternal  world  who  have 
never  repented. 

Rejientance  is  not  despair  in  view  of  some  great 
wrong  which  the  soul  has  committed.  Judas  was 
guilty  of  an  act  of  atrocious  baseness  in  betraying 
Jesus  for  thirty  pieces  of  silver.  lie  evidently  had 
no  idea  that  the  Jews  intended  to  proceed  to  such 
extreme  measures  with  his  late  Master,  though  he 
knew  full  well  that  they  wanted  to  perpetrate  some 
outrage  upon  him.  And  when  he  learned  that 
Jesus  was  condemned  to  be  crucified  he  was  filled 
with  maddening  despair  and  he  destroyed  himself 
He  seems  to  have  had  no  regret  for  any  other  sin 
of  his  hypocritical  and  dishonest  life.  He  solicited 
no  pardon.  He  was  simply  overwhelmed  with  a 
consciousness  of  his  great  guilt  in  betraj'ing  the 
sinless  Redeemer  to  a  violent  and  cruel  death. 
The  Saviour  says  about  this  false  apostle,  "  AVoe 
unto  that  man  by  whom  the  Son  of  man  is  be- 
trayed :  it  had  been  good  for  that  man  if  he  had  not 
been  born."  The  fierce  anguish  of  his  soul  was 
not  repentance  for  his  great  sin,  nor  for  anj'  other 
of  his  iniquities:  it  had  no  appeals  for  mercy  in  it, 
and  the  n\an  was  abandoned  by  his  fellows  and  by 
himself  as  worthy  to  feel   forever  in  his  soul  the 


REPENTANCE 


971 


RESURRECTION 


woe  pronounced  by  Josiis  upon  liiiu  by  whom  the 
Son  of  man  was  betrayed.  In  many  siinihir  cases 
of  despair,  and  sometimes  of  suicide,  there  lias  been 
no  repentance,  no  supplication,  and  no  forjjiveness. 
It  is  a  delusion  to  suppose  that  a^rouizini;  despair 
for  sin  is  that  repentance  which  secures  salvation. 

Repentance  has  nothing  in  common  with  Catholic 
penance.  Fastings,  flagellations,  hairy  garments 
to  sting  the  skin,  and  other  forms  of  penance  arc 
foreign  to  the  nature  of  gospel  repentance.  When 
it  is  said,  "  Repent  ye  therefore,  and  he  converted, 
that  your  sin  may  be  blotted  out,"  we  are  not  to 
imagine  that  Peter  enjciins  any  penance,  any  phys- 
ical application  to  secure  the  removal  of  our  in- 
iquities. 

Repentance  is  a  change  of  mind  or  purpose. 
This  is  the  meaning  of  ficruvoia,  the  Greek  word 
translated  repentance  in  the  New  Testament. 
There  is  implied  in  it  sorrow  for  unbelief  and  sin, 
and  a  turning  from  them  unto  (Jod.  Until  a  man 
repents  he  commonly  feels  comfortable  about  him- 
self and  his  ways;  but  when  the  Saviour,  through 
the  Spirit,  gives  him  repentance  he  changes  his 
mind  about  himself,  and  seeing  nothing  good  in 
liis  heart  or  in  his  works,  liis  whole  soul  cries  out, 
"  Lord,  be  merciful  to  me  a  sinner." 

Repentance  is  a  change  of  mind  a1)out  God's  re-' 
lations  to  the  soul.  Before  its  existence  in  the  heart 
the  unbeliever  feels  us  if  Jehovah  had  little,  if  any- 
thing, to  do  with  him  or  his  acts.  AVhen  the  Spirit 
gives  him  penitential  light  he  sees  immediately  that 
every  sin  against  himself  or  others  is  a  crime 
against  God.  And  his  soul,  as  he  considers  each 
transgression,  is  ready  to  cry  out  before  the  Lord, 
''Against  thee,  thee  only  have  I  sinned,  and  done 
this  evil  in  thy.  sight."  Before  he  r<!pents  the  jus- 
tice of  God  seems  to  him  very  |)ure,  but  distant, 
and  in  a  large  measure  powerless.  When  he  is 
lirst  illuminated  by  the  Spirit  the  justice  of  God 
appears  to  him  to  be  the  most  active  attribute  of 
•Jehovah,  and  he  is  certain  that  it  must  be  satisfied 
before  his  conscience  can  enjoy  rest.  This  change 
of  mind  is  instantly  attended  by  a  change  of  heart, 
and  like  the  prodigal  loathing  his  husks,  the  pen- 
itent abhors-  his  sins,  and  his  whole  soul  turns  from 
them.  Repentance  is  always  accompanied  by  a  con- 
viction that  the  soul  is  in  a  lost  condition.  "  How 
many  hired  servants  of  my  father,"  saith  the  prod- 
igal, "  have  bread  enough  and  to  spare,  and  I  perish 
with  hunger?"  The  penitent  always  desires  to  go 
to  the  Saviour  after  receiving  the  heaven-given 
'■  change  of  mind."  The  decision  of  his  soul  is, 
"I  will  arise  and  go  to  my  father."  As  the  pen- 
itent man  thinks  of  his  wasted  life,  of  the  privileges 
he  has  abused,  of  the  Redeemer  against  whom  he 
has  madly  fought,  of  his  numerous  and  aggravated 
iniquities,  his  heart  is  filled  with  grief,  it  is  a  broken 
and  a  contrite  heart,  and  he  feels  resolved  that 


nothing  shall  keep  him  from  Jesus.  And  nothing 
can;  the  unchanging  Spirit  who  has  commenced 
the  work  of  saving  his  soul,  by  giving  it  repentance, 
will  never  cease  his  loving  toils  till  the  soul  rejoices 
in  the  da/./.ling  light  of  the  day  of  Ciirist  in  heaven. 

Repentance  never  saved  a  soul  by  its  merits;  it 
lays  tlie  needful  foundation  for  the  temple  of  faith 
in  the  heart.  But  all  the  penitential  sorrows  of 
Adam's  family  would  not  remove;  one  faint  stain 
of  sin.  If  a  man  borrowed  five  thousand  dollars, 
fir  which  he  gave  security,  and  squandered  it  most 
foolishly,  and  afterwards,  filled  with  true  repent- 
ance, he  solicited  and  expected  the  forgivenness 
of  the  debt  because  he  was  sorry  for  it,  the  spend- 
thrift would  only  meet  with  contempt  in  his  ap|ili- 
cation  ;  his  sureties  would  have  to  jiay  the  money. 
Faith  alone  in  the  Crucified  cleanses  from  all  sin, 
and  repentance  is  God's  instrumentality  for  lead- 
ing the  sinner  to  the  Lamb  of  God,  the  (ireat  Ke- 
mover  of  sin. 

Hestoration. — It  is  the  privilege  and  duty  of 
every  Baptist  cliurch  to  restore  to  its  fellowship 
any  of  its  own  fallen  members  who  lament  and 
renounce  their  backslidings.  When  an  excluded 
and  reclaimed  brother  seeks  restoration  to  church 
relations  in  a  strange  church,  it  has  a  I'ight  to  re- 
ceive him  on  the  broad  ground  of  the  independ- 
ency of  Baptist  churches,  but  this  right  should  be 
exercised  with  prudence.  Our  churches  owe  each 
other  fraternal  courtesy  in  matters  of  discipline  as 
well  as  in  other  things ;  and,  as  a  consequence,  many 
of  our  Associations  have  a  resolution  declaring  that 
the  churches  composing  them  will  respect  each 
other's  discipline,  and  all  of  them  have  an  under- 
standing of  kindred  import. 

It  is  desirable,  therefore,  in  every  case,  that  the 
excluded  person  should  be  restored  by  the  church, 
which  expelled  him  from  its  membership.  But  as 
he  sometimes  has  decided  and  well-founded  objec- 
tions to  connect  hiinself  Avith  bis  former  friends, 
the  church  of  his  new  choice  should  gain  their 
concurrence  to  his  restoration,  if  possible  ;  and  fail- 
ing, and  thoroughly  satisfied  of  the  piety  of  the 
.applicant  and  of  the  justice  of  his  objections,  they 
may  call  a  council,  and  receive,  him  on  its  recom- 
mendation,— if  it  is  an  important  case  this  is  the 
wiser  course, — or  they  can  admit  him  to  their  fel- 
lowship without  any  external  advice. 

It  is  extremely  desirable  that  Baptist  churches 
should  act  in  harmony  in  everything  ;  but  it  is  of 
great  importance  that  no  disciple  of  Jesus  should 
suffer  wrongfully. 

Resurrection,  The,  was  one  of  the  chief  ele- 
ments in  apostolic-  preaching.  Wherever  Paul 
went  in  his  missionary  journeys  he  proclaimed 
Jesus  and  the  resurrection, — the  complete  redemp- 
tion of  soul  and  body  by  the  Saviour's  cross.  The 
doctrine  of  the  resurrection  Was  one  of  the  great 


RESURRECTION 


972 


REVIEW 


agencies  in  making  the  early  Christians  fearless 
of  bodily  danger  and  death.  As  the  flames,  the 
sword,  or  the  wild  beasts  threatened  them,  they 
felt  confident  that  the  body  would  spring  from  the 
dust  of  deatli  with  immortal  vitality,  and  in  the 
wondrous  glory  which  the  Saviour's  body  wore 
when  he  took  his  place  in  paradise,  and  they  were 
ready  to  defy  death  in  its  most  hideous  forms,  and 
bid  it  welcome  in  any  situation.  We  can  scarcely 
conceive  the  extraordinary  joy  which  the  resurrec- 
tion gave  Christ's  first  followers;  the  cross  with 
its  fierce  agonies,  its  ghastly  death,  its  darkened 
sun,  its  rent  rocks,  its  cleansing  blood,  its  intense 
love,  and  the  hopes  which  it  kindled  in  the  be- 
liever's heart,  was  only  a  little  dearer  to  primitive 
Christians  than  the  resurrection.  They  loved  to 
think  of  the  bursting  graves,  of  the  saints  in  glori- 
fied bodies,  of  routed  and  conquered  death,  of  per- 
secutions, diseases,  and  the  decay  of  years  crushed  ; 
of  the  saintly  victims  of  infuriated  soldiers  invested 
with  spiritual  and  glorious  bodies.  To  them  the 
cross  was  the  fountain  of  all  blessedness,  and  the 
resurrection  the  richest  stream  of  hope  that  flowed 
from  the  cross. 

They  refused  to  continue  the  word  sepulchre  (a 
place  of  conceabaent)  as  a  designation  for  the  rest- 
ing-place of  a  dead  believer ;  they  used  the  word 
cemeteries  (Koi/irjTTiina).,  that  is,  dormilories,  to  de- 
scribe the  scenes  where  the  holy  dead  were  sleep- 
ing, until  the  trumpet  of  the  archangel  should  ban- 
ish their  slumbers  and  arouse  their  bodies  from  the 
sleep  of  years  or  ages. 

In  the  ordinance  of  baptism  there  is  a  distinct 
announcement  of  the  resurrection  as  well  as  of 
death  and  burial.  Paul  says,  "  Therefore  we  are 
buried  with  him  by  baptism  into  death:  that  like 
as  Christ  was  raised  up  from  the  dead  by  the  gUiry 
of  the  Father,  even  so  we  also  should  walk  in  new- 
ness of  life.  For  if  we  have  been  planted  together 
in  the  likeness  of  his  death  (in  the  baptismal  im- 
mersion), we  shall  be  also  in  the  likeness  of  his 
resurrection"  (by  rising  up  from  the  waters  of  bap- 
tism).— Rom.  vi.  4,  5.  Paul  uses  baptism  as  an 
argument  in  favor  of  the  resurrection.  "Else  what 
shall  they  do  who  are  baptized  for  the  dead  (who 
profess  faith  in  the  resurrection  of  the  de.ad  by  the 
very  form  of  baptism),  if  the  dead  rise  not  at  all? 
why  are  they  then  baptized  for  the  dead?'' — 1  Cor. 
XV.  29.  That  is,  "  Why  does  baptism  proclaim  the 
resurrection  of  the  dead  if  there  is  no  such  thing?'' 
Just  as  the  Lord's  Supper  shows  the  wounds  and 
blood  of  Jesus,  so  baptism  teaches  the  resurrection 
of  the  dead. 

The  Philadelphia  Confession  of  Faith  says,  "  At 
the  last  day  such  of  the  saints  as  are  found  alive 
shall  not  sleep,  but  be  changed,  and  all  the  dead 
siiall  be  raised  up  Avith  tlie  self-same  bodies,  and 
none  other,  although  with  dififerent  (jualities,  which 


shall  be  uhited  again  to  their  souls  forever.  The 
bodies  of  the  unjust  shall,  by  the  power  of  Christ, 
be  raised  to  dishonor;  the  bodies  of  the  just,  by 
his  Spirit,  unto  honor,  and  be  made  conformable 
to  his  own  glorious  body.'"    (Article  XXXIII.  2.  3.j 

The  resurrection  body,  as  the  Confession  savs, 
will  have  "different  qualities";  in  fact,  the  quali- 
ties are  just  the  opposite  of  the  body  deposited  in 
the  grave:  "it  is  sown  in  corruption,  it  is  raised 
in  incorruption  ;  it  is  sown  in  dishonor,  it  is  raised 
in  glory ;  it  is  sown  in  weakness,  it  is  raised  in  * 
power;  it  is  sown  a  natural  (animal)  body,  it  is 
raised  a  spiritual  body." — 1  Cor.  xv.  42-44.  This 
resurrection  body  will  be  a  wonderful  structure, 
entirely  unlike  any  other  human  body  except  the 
one  now  worn  by  the  Saviour  in  the  heavens. 
Paul's  idea  seems  to  be  that  as  a  grain  of  wheat 
planted  in  the  earth  has  a  germ  of  life  in  it,  which 
makes  a  stalk  and,  in  due  time,  grains  of  wheat 
exactly  like  itself,  so  from  the  human  body,  at  the 
resurrection,  shall  spring  up  a  spiritual  body,  with 
every  feature  of  the  "  natural"  body  once  deposited 
•in  the  grave,  but  with  wholly  "  different  qualities." 
A  distinguished  Baptist  clerg^'inan,  commenting  on 
Paul's  resurrection  theory  in  the  fifteenth  chapter 
of  the  first  epistle  to  the  Corinthians,  s.iys,  ''As 
the  wheat  germ  controls  the  form,  not  the  material,, 
of  the  plant,  so,  as  to  its  form,  though  not  its 
material,  will  the  germ  of  each  human  body,  fash- 
ioned alike  in  infancy,  youth,  maturity,  and  decay, 
produce  for  itself  its  own  body," — that  is,  a  body 
exactly  like  the  one  smitten  by  death,  and  reduced 
to  dust  by  the  grave.  This  subliuie  victory  over 
death  and  the  grave  fills  the  apostle  with  jubilant 
exultation,  and  inspires  rapture  in  the  heart  of 
the  intelligent  and  devout  Christian.  When  Pha- 
raoh proposed  to  Moses  to  let  the  children  of  Israel 
depart  on  condition  that  they  should  leave  their 
fldcks  and  herds  in  Egypt,  Moses  replied,  "Our 
cattle  also  shall  go  with  us ;  there  shall  not  a  hoof 
be  left  behind."  So  our  redemption  shall  be  com- 
pleted by  the  recovery  of  the  whole  man,  both  soul 
and  l>ody,  from  the  havoc  of  sin,  the  blows  of  the 
Destroyer,  and  the  power  of  the  grave  ;  there  shall 
not  an  atom  of  the  man  be  left  behind. 

Some  believe  that  there  will  be  two  resurrec- 
tions at  distinct  periods  of  time,  the  '*  dead  in 
Cljrist  rising  first"  (1  Thess.  iv.  16),  "obtaining  a 
better  resurrection"  (Ilel).  xi.  35),  and  enjoying 
the  apocalyptic  benediction,  ''  Blessed  and  holy  is 
he  that  hath  part  in  the  first  resurrection"  (Rev. 
XX.  6) ;  but  the  object  of  this  article  forbids  us  to 
treat  of  the  second  resurrection  in  this  place.  It 
is  proper  to  state  that  the  doctrine  is  held  by  not  a 
few  Baptists,  among  whom  there  .are  men  of  unsur- 
passed piety  and  intelligence. 

Review,  The  Christian,  was  commenced  in 
183G.     The  design  was  to  make  it  a  literary  and 


REVOLUTION 


973 


REVOLUTION 


religious  quarterly,  which,  under  its  varyinj;  for- 
tunes, and  lately  under  the  name  of  the  Baptist 
Quarterly,  it  always  has  been,  with  the  exception 
of  a  brief  period,  when  it  was  issued  bi-monthly- 
Prof  J.  D.  Knowles  was  its  first  editor,  and  con- 
tinued such  to  the  time  of  his  deatii,  when  liev. 
Dr.  Sears  took  charj^e  of  the  editorial  dei)artment. 
his  connection  with  it  datinjf  from  tlie  second  ntim- 
l)er  of  the  third  volume.  This  relation  continued 
until  the  close  of  the  sixth  volume,  when  it  passed 
into  the  hands  of  Rev.  Dr.  S.  F.  Smith,  where  it 
remained  to  the  end  of  volume  thirteen.  The 
fourteenth  volume  was  edited  by  Ilev.  E.  G.  Soars. 
Rev.  Dr.  S.  S.  Cutting,  with  several  assistant  edi- 
tors, carried  it  to  volume  cif^liteenth,  and  Rev.  Drs. 
Turnbull  and  Murdoch  to  volume  twenty-first.  Rev. 
.J.  J.  Woolsey  was  the  editor  of  the  twenty-first 
volume,  and  Rev.  Drs.  Wilson  and  Taylor  editors 
of  the  next  three  voluiiioji.  Dr.  E.  ().  Robinson 
was  its  next  editor,  and  had  the  charjjc  of  the  next 
four  volumes,  brin^^in^;  it  down  to  1863,  when  it 
was  merited  into  the  Bihliotheca  Sacra,  with  Dr. 
Sears  as  one  of  the  editors.  The  union  of  the  two 
periodicals  continued  lor  one  year,  when  it  ceased, 
and  the  Baptist  Qnartcrli/  0(!cupied  the  position 
which  the  Christian  Reriew  had  hold,  as  tlie  sole 
or^ran  of  its  kind  in  the  Baptist  denomination  in 
this  country. 

"The  Review,^'  says  Rev.  Dr.  Oowell,  to  whom 
we  are  indebted  for  the  abov('  facts,  '"  has  main- 
tained a  hiirlily  respectable  position  among  the 
literary  and  theological  quarterlies  of  the  day.  It 
has  been  an  able  exponent  of  Baptist  principles, 
tliousrh  catholic  in  its  tone."'  It  has  added  some 
23.000  pages  to  the  permanent  literature  of  Amer- 
ican Baptists. 

It  seems  unnecessary  to  mention  the  names  of  its 
contributors,  as  they  include  those  who  will  be  rec- 
ognized as  leading  Baptist  scholars  and  (^vines, 
and  some  who  are  not  Baptists,  in  different  sec- 
tions of  the  country. 

Revolution,  The,  and  the  Baptists.— When 

tin;  Legislature  of  .Massachusetts,  in  1778,  forbade 
the  return  of  311  public  enemies  to  their  govern- 
ment, the  historian  Backus,  who  was  acquainted 
with  the  facts,  declares  that  not  one  of  them  was  a 
Baptist.  (Church  History,  p.  196.  Philadelphia.) 
In  Sabine's  "  History  of  American  Loyalists" 
('I'ories),  with  its  3200  brief  biographies,  we  find 
4i')  clergymen  of  one  dononiination,  fi  of  another,  3 
iif  another,  and  but  1  Bai)tist  minister.  This  was 
Morgan  Edwards,  a  man  of  great  genius  and  worth, 
who  was  born  in  the  Old  World,  and  wi)o  failed  to 
honor  the  patriotism  of  the  Baptists  of  his  native 
ciiuntry  by  adopting  it.  We  can  discover  no  lay- 
man in  Sabine's  list  who  was  a  Baptist.  Chris- 
topher Sower,  of  Germantown,  Pa.,  is  represented 
by  Sabine  as   a  (Jerman   Baptist  minister  and  a 


Tory.  Sower  was  a  printer  and  bookseller,  and 
unbound  Bibles  belonging  to  him,  because  of  his 
loyalty  to  King  George,  furnished  cartridge-paper 
for  the  Continental  troops  at  the  battle  of  German- 
town.  Sower  was  not  a  Bay)tist,  but  a  member  of 
a  respectable  German  community  that  has  no  rela- 
tions with  the  Baptists. 

In  the  work  of  the  Tory  exile,  Judge  Curwen, 
of  Salem,  Mass.,  there  are  the  names  of  926  per- 
sons who  fled  from  Boston  with  Gen.  Howe  when 
he  sailed  for  Halifax  ;  there  are  also  the  names  of 
many  others  who  left  their  country  by  the  persua- 
sion of  State  laws,  committees  of  safety,  or  their 
own  just  fears.  Among  these  are  persons  of  all 
occupations,  and  of  all  positions  in  colonial  society, 
46  clergymen  keeping  them  in  company.  In  this 
singular  work  (Curwen's  "Journal  and  Letters." 
Boston,  1S()4.  Written  in  England,  while  its  author 
was  living  on  British  alms),  in  which  are  the  names 
of  many  American  Tories,  the  gossiping  ex-judge 
treats  of  literature,  war,  politics,  theatres,  and  Ihe- 
ohgy,  but  no  hint  is  given  that  one  of  the  Tories 
mentioned  in  it  was  a  Baptist.  Nor  can  we  learn 
from  other  sources  that  any  of  them  inflicted  such 
a  disgrace  upon  us. 

President  John  Adams,  in  some  respects  an 
enemy  of  the  Baptists,  gives  our  people  credit  for 
bringing  Debaware  from  the  gulf  of  Toryism  to  the 
jilatform  of  patriotism.  And  he  charges  the  dis- 
loyalty of  her  people  on  "the  missionaries  of  the 
English  Episcopal  Society  for  the  Propagation  of 
the  Faith."  (Life  and  Works,  by  Charles  Francis 
Adams,  vol.  x.  p.  812.) 

George  Washington,  in  his  reply  to  the  "Com- 
mittee of  the  Virginia  Baptist  Churches,"  which 
expressed  to  him  grave  doubts  about  the  security 
of  religious  liberty  under  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  just  adofjled,  said,  "  I  recollect  with 
satisfaction  that  the  religious  society  of  which  you 
are  members  has  been  throughout  America,  uni- 
formly and  almost  unanimously,  the  firm  friends 
of  civil  liberty,  and  the  persevering  promoters  of 
our  glorious  Revolution."'  (Writings  of  George 
Washington,  Sparks,  vol.  xii.  ]54-.i5.  Boston.) 
With  such  a  testimony  from  the  noblest  patriot  of 
the  whole  human  race,  we  may  well  bless  God  for 
our  religious  ancestry,  who  were  among  the  most 
active  builders  of  our  country's  great  temple  of 
liberty.  (See  articles  on  Vihoima  Baptists  and 
THE  Revoh-tiox,  and  Rhode  Island  Bai-tists  and 

THE     ReVOI.I  TION.) 

Revolution,  The,  and  the  English  Baptists. 

— When  Rol)ert  Hall,  the  future  great  preacher, 
was  a  little  boy,  he  heard  the  Rev.  John  Ryland, 
Baptist  minister  of  Northampton,  say  to  his  father, 
'■  If  I  were  Washington  I  would  summon  all  the 
-\merican  officers,  they  should  form  a  circle  around 
me,  and  I  would  address  them,  and  we  would  ofifer 


REVOLUTION 


974 


REVOLUTION 


a  libation  in  our  own  blood,  and  I  would  order  one 
of  them  to  bring  a  lancet  and  a  punch-bowl,  and  we 
would  bare  our  arms  and  be  bled,  and  when  the 
l)0wl  was  full,  when  we  all  hq,d  been  ])Ied,  I  would 
call  on  every  man  to  consecrate  himself  to  the  work 
by  dippinjT  his  sword  into  the  bowl,  and  entering 
into  a  solemn  covenant  engagement  by  oath,  one  to 
another,  we  would  swear  by  him  that  sits  upon 
the  throne  and  liveth  for  ever  and  ever  that  we 
would  never  sheath  our  swords  while  there  was  an 
English  soldier  in  arms  remaining  in  America." 
(Robert  Hall's  Works,  vol.  iv.  48,  49.  Harper, 
N.  Y.) 

Dr.  John  Rippon,  of  London,  in  a  letter  to  Presi- 
dent Manning,  of  Rhode  Island  College  (Brown 
University),  written  in  1784,  says,  "  I  believe  all 
Our  Baptist  ministers  in  town  (London)  except  two, 
and  most  of  our  brethren  in  the  country,  were  on 
the  side  of  the  Americans  in  the  late  dispute.  .  .  . 
We  wept  when  the  thirsty  plains  drank  the  blood 
of  your  departed  heroes,  and  the  shout  of  a  king 
was  amongst  us  when  your  well-fought  battles 
were  crowned  with  victory  ;  and  to  this  hour  we 
believe  that  the  independence  of  America  will  for 
a  while  secure  the  liberty  of  this  country.  But  if 
that  continent  had  been  reduced,  Britain  would  not 
have  been  long  free."  (Backus's  History  of  the 
Baptists,  vol.  ii.  p.  198."  Newton.)  Dr.  Rippon  and 
John  Ryland  were  two  of  the  leading  Baptist  min- 
isters in  England  ;  and  there  is  no  doubt  that  the 
spirit  of  our  brethren  inTSngland  was  in  harmony 
with  these  noble  utterances,  with  a  few  insignifi- 
cant exceptions. 

Revolution,  The, "and  Rhode  Island  Bap- 
tists.— Before  the  Revolution  Rhode  Island  was 
the  freest  colony  in  North  America,  or  in  the  his- 
tory of  our  race.  Her  founders  had  made  her  a  real 
republic  while  under  the  nominal  rule  of  a  king,  a 
government  with  which  there  could  be  no  legal  in- 
terference by  any  po'<ver  either  in  the  Old  AVorld 
or  in  the  New.  Before  the  Revolution  Rhode 
Island  had  no  viceroy,  and  the  king  had  no  veto  on 
iier  laws.  In  1704,  Monipresson,  chief  justice  of 
New  York,  wrote  Loi-d  Nottingham  that  "when 
he  was  in  Rhode  Island  the  people  acted  in  all 
things  as  if  they  were  outside  the  dominion  of  the 
crown."  (Sabine's  American  Loyalists,  p.  15. 
Boston,  1847.)  Bancroft  justly  speaks  of  Rhode 
Island  at  the  Revolution  "  as  enjoying  a  form  of 
government,  under  its  charter,  so  thoroughly  re- 
publican, that  no  change  was  required  beyond  a 
renunciation  of  the  king's  name  in  the  style  of  its 
public  acts."  (History  of  the  United  States,  is. 
261.)  As  Arnold  says,  Rhode  Island,  when  the 
United  States  Constitution  was  adopted,  "  for  more 
than  a  century  and  a  half  had  enjoyed  a  freedom 
unknown  to  any  of  her  compeers."  (History  of 
Rhode   Island,  ii.  563.)     In    the   Revolution    the 


little  colotiy  had  everything  to  lose  by  its  failure, 
and  nothing  in  liberty  to  gain  by  a  successful 
revolution. 

And  yet  the  colony  of  Roger  Williams  was  the 
most  enthusiastic  friend  of  the  Revolution  on  this 
side  of  the  Atlantic.  On  May  4,  1776,  Rliode  Island 
withdrew  from  the  sceptre  of  Great  Britain:  this 
wa'S  two  months  before  .the  adoption  of  the  Decla- 
I'atiOn  of  Independence.  Scarcely  had  the  retreat- 
ing troops  of  Gen.  Gage  reached  Boston  when 
recruits  from  the  nearest  Rhode  Island  town.< 
marched  to  the  Massachusetts  patriots  who  fougiit 
at  Lexington  .and  Concord;  and  the  Legislature 
soon  after  voted  fifteen  hundred  men,  to  be  sent  to 
the  scene  of  danger.  When  the  Declaration  of  In- 
dependence was  read  in  Providence,  Newport,  and 
East  Greenwich,  it  called  forth  outbursts  of  de- 
light and  shouts  for  "liberty  o'er  and  o'er  the 
globe."  A  British  historian  says,  "  The  Rhode 
Islanders  were  such  ardent  patriots  that  after  the 
capture  of  Rhode  Island  by  Sir  Peter  Parker,  it 
required  a  great  body  of  men  to  be  kept  there,  in 
perfect  idleness  for  three  years,  to  retain  them  in 
subjection."  (Hume,  Smollett,  and  Farr,  iii.  99. 
London.)  Gov.  Green,  in  a  dispatch  to  Washing- 
ton in  1781,  reports  that  "sometimes  every  fencihle 
man  in  the  State,  sometimes  a  third,  and  at  other 
times  a  fourth  part  was  called  out  upon  duty." 
(Collections  of  thejlhode  Island  Historical  Society, 
vi.  290.) 

With  scarcely  fifty  thousand  people  of  all  ages 
and  of  both  sexes  the  little  State  supported  three 
regiments  in  the  Continental  army  throughout  the 
entire  war,  an  immense  number  for  her  when  we 
remember  the  demands  for  local  defense.  Rhode 
Island  began  the  war  early  by  declaring  her  inde- 
pendence thirty-two  days  before  the  brave  Virgin- 
ians renounced  allegiance  to  George  III.,  and  she 
cbntinued  inflicting  her  heaviest  blows  until  the 
United  States  were  free  from  the  yoke  of  Great 
Britain. 

We  have  special  pleasure  in  Rhode  Island  pa- 
triotism, because,  while  noble  men  of  other  denom- 
inations honored  that  State  in  the  Revolutionary 
war,  the  ruling  portion  of  the  people  were  Baptists. 
Jlorgan  Edwards,  who  died  in  1795,  whose  state- 
ment cannot  be  questioned,  says,  "  The  Baptists 
have  always  been  more  than  any  other  sect  of 
Christians  in  Rhode  Island;  two-fifths  of  the  in- 
habitants at  least  are  reputed  Baptists.  The  gov- 
ernors, deputy  governors,  judges,  assemblymen, 
and  officers,  civil  and  military,  are  chiefly  of  that 
persuasion."  (Collections  by  the  Rhode  Island 
Historical  Society,  vi.  304.)  The  spirit  of  liberty 
ruled  the  Baptist  founders  of  Rhode  Island,  and  in 
tiie  Revolution  held  supreme  sway  over  her  Bap- 
tist people,  who  controlled  the  destinies  of  the 
State,  and  never  did  a  people  make  greater  sacri- 


REVOLUTION 


975 


REYNOLDS 


fices  or  more  heroic  efforts  for  liberty.  (See  articles 
on  Virginia  Baptists  and  the  Rkvoi.utio.v,  and 

BaI'TISTS    IX    TIIK    IlEVOM  TI()\.) 

Revolution,  The,  and  the  Virginia  Baptists. 

— The  Baptist  General  Association  of  Virginia  no- 
tified the  Convention  of  the  People  of  Virginia, 
"That  they  had  considered  what  part  it  would  be 
pro[i(!r  to  take  in  the  unhappy  contest,  and  had 
determined  that  they  ought  to  make  a  military  re- 
sistance to  Great  Britain  in  her  unjust  invasion, 
tyrannical  oppression,  and  repeated  hostilities." 
(Ileadley'a  Chaplains  and  Clergy  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, p.  250.  New  York,  1864.)  And  they  pro- 
claimed to  the  world  that  "to  a  man  they  were 
in  favor  of  the  Revolution.''  (Semple,  p.  62.) 
Preachers  and  people,  Semple  declares,  were  en- 
f/rossed  with  thoughts  and  schemes  for  effecting 
the  Revolution.  Ilowison,  in  his  "  History  of  Vir- 
ginia," ii.  170,  says,  "  No  class  of  the  people  of 
America  were  more  devoted  advocates  of  the  prin- 
ciples of  the  Revolution,  none  were  more  willing  to 
give  tlieir  money  and  goods  to  their  country,  none 
more  prompt  to  march  to  the  field  of  battle,  and 
none  more  heroic  in  actual  conflict  than  the  Bap- 
tists of  Virginia." 

Had  it  not  been  for  the  Baptists  of  Virginia  it  is 
probable  that  the  "  mother  of  Presidents"  would 
have  sided  with  Great  Britain  in  the  Revolutionary 
war.  The  leading  men  of  the  Old  Dominion  were 
the  descendants  of  English  aristocratic  families, 
whose  guiding  principle  for  centuries  was  loyalty 
to  the  king.  They  were  rigid  Episcopalians,  and 
so  were  the  sovereign  of  England  and  the  majority  of 
his  influential  sulijects  in  his  home  kingdom.  The 
rectors  of  Virginia  were  native  Englishmen,  and 
bitter  Tories,  many  of  whom  were  specially  accept- 
able to  gay  young  Virginians,  because  they  fre- 
((uented  the  race-course,  betted  at  cards,  and  rat- 
tled dice  like  experts.  One  of  them  was  president 
of  a  jockey  club,  and  another  fought  a  duel.  These 
men  present  ii  perfect  contrast  to  their  successors 
in  the  Episcopal  Church  of  the  Old  Dominion  in 
our  day.  Virginia  proclaimed  Charles  II.  before 
he  was  king  in  England.  (Howe's  Virginia  Histori- 
cal Collections,  p.  \?>.',.  Charleston,  1846.)  When 
Patrick  Henry  introduced  his  five  celebrated  reso- 
lutions into  the  Virginia  Assembly,  in  176."),  in 
connection  with  the  Stamp  Act,  the  men  of  influ- 
ence in  that  body  were  opposed  to  his  movement, 
and  intended  to  submit  to  that  ini<juitous  measure. 
(Campbell's  History  of  Virginia,  p.  ■')4I.  Phila- 
delphia.) Henry's  fifth  resolution,  which  recog- 
nized the  great  doctrine  that  tlieir  Legislature  alone 
could  tax  its  inhabitants,  was  carried  by  but  a  sin- 
gle vote;  and  yet  this  principle  was  the  mainspring 
of  the  American  Revolution.  "  Speaker  Robin- 
son," says  Camjibell,  "  Peyton  j^andolph,  Richard 
Bland,  Edmund  Pendleton,  George  Wythe,  and  ail 


the  leaders  of  the  House  and  proprietors  of  large 
estates,  made  a  strenuous  resistance."  (History  of 
Virginia,  pp.  r)41-42.)  .Jefl'erson  says,  '•  Tlic  Reso- 
lutions of  Henry  were  opposed  by  Robinson  and 
all  the  cyphers  of  the  aristocracy."  It  was  in  ad- 
vocacy of  these  resolutions  that  Henry  used  the 
words,  ''Tarquin  and  Caesar  had  each  his  Brutus, 

Charles    I.  his    Cromwell,    and    George  III. " 

"Treason!"  shouted  the  Speaker;  "Treason,  trea- 
son!" was  echoed  around  the  house;  while  Henry, 
fixing  his  eyes  on  the  Speaker,  continued,  without 
faltering,  "may  profit  by  their  example."  (Ban- 
croft, V.  277.)  The  next  day  the  men  who  voted 
for  the  fifth  resolution,  alarmed  by  their  own  manly 
patriotism,  actually  had  it  expunged  from  the  jour- 
nals of  the  House,  (llowison's  History  of  Virginia, 
ii.  52.  Richmond,  1848.)  Eleven  years  later  Vir- 
ginia withdrew  from  the  British  crown  on  the 
ground  which  she  took,  by  a  majority  of  one,  in 
1765,  and  from  which  she  shamefully  withdrew 
the  next  day.  What  made  the  great  change  in 
Virginia  ? 

"  In  1774,"  says  Ilowison,  "the  Baptists  increased 
on  every  side.  If  one  preacher  was  imprisoned,  ten 
arose  to  take  liis  place  ;  if  one  congregation  was  dis- 
persed, a  larger  assembled  on  the  next  opportunity. 
The  influence  of  the  denomination  was  strong  among 
the  common  people."  (History  of  Virginia,  ii.  170.) 
At  the  Revolution,  Jefferson  tells  ns  that  in  Vir- 
ginia two-thirds  of  the  people  were  dissenters. 
(Jefferson  on  the  State  of  Virginia,  p.  169.  Rich- 
mond.) These  were  chiefly  Baptists.  A  small 
portion  of  them  were  Presbyterians,  of  Scotch- 
Irish  ancestry,  In-ave  men  of  eminent  worth.  But 
the  Baptists  were  sweeping  Virginia  with  a  heav- 
enly whirlwind,  and  their  love  of  liberty  and  de- 
nominational success  brought  Virginia  into  the 
ranks  of  the  Revolution.  Under  God  our  honored 
brethren  were  instrumental  in  placing  the  grand 
Old  Dominion  on  the  ground  which  her  aristocratic 
rulers  would  never  have  selected  for  themselves. 
Without  them  Patrick  Henry  and  Thomas  Jeffer- 
son would  have  expended  their  eloquence  and 
statesmanship  in  vain.  And  as  Massachusetts  and 
Virginia  were  the  two  principal  sources  of  Revolu- 
tionary regiments,  it  is  pxtroinely  probable  that  the 
liberty  and  triumphs  of  the  Revolution,  as  far  as 
we  are  indebted  to  Virginia  for  them,  sprang 
chiefly,  under  God,  from  the  extraordinary  in- 
crease of  the  freedom-loving  Baptists  in  the  Old 
Dominion  just  before  the  great  struggle,  (See 
articles  on  Baptists  ix  the  Revoi,i;tiox,  and 
Rhode  Island  Baptists  and  the  Revolution.) 

Reynolds,  J.  L.,  D.D,,  a  native  of  Charleston, 
S.  C,  was  born  on  the  17th  of  March,  1812.  He 
graduated  with  the  first  honor  at  Charleston  Col- 
lege, and  from  it  went  to  Newton  Theological 
Spininarv,  where  he  took  the  full  course.     His  first 


REYNOLDS 


976 


RHEES 


pastorate  was  in  Ci)luinl)ia,  S.  C.  Thence  he  was 
called  to  the  presidency  of  Georgetown  College,  Ky. 
After  a  successful  service  in. that  position,  he  be- 
came pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  Rich- 
mond, Va.  He  was  called  from  Richmond  to  the 
professorship  of  Latin  in  the  South  Carolina  College 
in  the  palmiest  days  of  that  renowned  institution. 
.'"For  nearly  twenty-five  years  the  handsome,  in- 
tellectual face  and  courtly  manners  of  Dr.  Reynolds 
were  familiar  in  those  classic  halls,  and  hundreds 
of  young  men  who  read  these  lines  will  have  tender 
memories  revived  of  the  genial  and  elegant  Latin 
professor  of  their  college  days."  lie  was  at  length, 
at  his  own  request,  transferred  to  the  chair  of  Moral 
Philosophy.  After  the  war  political  changes  dis- 
missed him  and  the  entire  faculty  of  the  college. 
In  1874  he  became  Professor  of  Latin  in  Furman 
University,  from  which  position  he  was  called  to 
''  come  up  higher"  on  the  19th  of  December,  1877. 

He  was  one  of  the  most  genial  and  delightful  of 
companions.  As  a  classical  scholar,  the  Baptist 
ministry  of  South  Carolina  has  not  had  his  superior, 
if,  indeed,  his  equal.  As  a  preacher  he  was  always 
instructive,  and  at  times  overwhelmingly  eloquent 
and  pathetic.  The  great  gulf  which  he  left  has 
not  yet  been  filled.  His  wife,  a  fit  helpmeet  in 
talent  and  accomplishments,  survived  him  but  a 
short  time,  so  that  it  might  almost  be  said  "  in  death 
they  were  not  divided," 

Reynolds,  Rev.  P.  B.,  was  born  in  Patrick  Co., 
Va.,  Jan.  9,  1841.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he 
began  to  teach  a  few  months  in  each  ye.ar  ;  entered 
the  Confederate  army  in  1861,  and  was  a  private 
soldier  until  the  close  of  the  war;  was  captured  in 
the  Valley  of  Virginia  in  1864,  and  spent  the  fol- 
lowing winter  as  a  prisoner  at  Point  Lookout;  was 
converted  in  the  woods  on  the  Rapidan  River,  in 
Virginia,  while  in  the  army,  in  November,  1863, 
and  was  baptized  in  May,  1865.  He  was  licensed 
to  preach  in  June,  1865;  ordained  in  May,  1868. 
After  preaching  a  short  time  in  his  native  county  he 
entered  Richmond  College  in  1866,  and  remained 
until  1872.  In  1872  he  took  charge  of  Coalsmouth 
High  School,  now  Shelton  College,  of  which  he  is 
now  (1880)  the  president.  Shelton  is  the  principal 
Baptist  college  of  the  State,  and  Prof.  Reynolds  is 
striving  to  build  it  up.  He  has  sacrificed  much 
time  and  money,  and  has  every  prospect  of  success. 
He  is  a  fine  scholar,  a  most  excellent  preacher  and 
pastor,  an  untiring  worker,  and  capable  of  filling 
almost  any  position  of  usefulness.  He  is  president 
of  the  West  Virginia  Baptist  Educational  Society. 

Reynolds,  Maj.  Walker,  was  born  in  Columbia 
Co.,  Ga.,  Aug.  28.  1799;  settled  in  Talladega  Co., 
Ala.,  in  1833,  where  he  accumulated  a  large  for- 
tune ;  was  worth  several  hundred  thousand  dollars 
at  the  breaking  out  of  tlio  late  war,  and  after 
the  war  was  still  quite  wealthy.     Maj.  Reynolds 


was  eminently  a  public-spirited  man  ;  contributed 
liberally  to  denominational  enterprises,  and  in- 
vested largely  in  secular  corporations.  The  Selma, 
Rome  and  Dalton  Railroad  owes  more  to  him  for 
its  existence  than  to  any  other  person.  He  was  a 
wise  man,  an  extensive  planter,  and  a  good  church 
member.  One  of  the  last  acts  of  his  life  was  to 
give  SIOOO  to  the  building  of  a  new  house  of  wor- 
ship for  his  church  at  Alpine.  He  was  twice  mar- 
ried, and  reared  a  most  interesting  family.  He 
died  at  his  home  in  January,  1871. 

Rhees,  Rev.  Morgan  John,  Sr.,  was  boim  in 

Wales,  Sept.  8,  1760.  He  was  converted  in  early 
life,  and  educated  at  Bristol  College  for  the  min- 
istry. He  was  a  pastor  in  Wales  for  some  time, 
but  concluded  to  lead  a  little  colony  of  his  country- 
men to  America  in  1794.  Dr.  Rogers,  pastor  of 
the  First  Baptist  church  of  Philadelphia,  gave  him 
a  cordial  welcome  on  his  arrival,  and  soon  his  elo- 
quence gathered  throngs  wherever  it  was  known 
that  he  would  preach.  He  traveled  extensively 
through  the  Southern  and  Western  States  pro- 
claiming the  blessed  gospel,  and  gathering  converts 
"into  the  kingdom.  In  connection  with  Dr.  Ben- 
jamin Rush  he  bought  a  large  tract  of  land  in 
Pennsylvania,  which  he  called  Cambria,  after  his 
native  Wales.  In  1798  he  took  his  own  family 
and  a  company  of  his  countrymen  to  the  new  settle- 
ment. He  located  at  Beulah.  and  became  pastor 
of  the  church  formed  there.  He  subsequently  re- 
moved to  Somerset,  in  the  county  of  that  name, 
where  he  died  Sept.  17,  1804..  He  was  married  to 
a  daughter  of  Col.  Benjamin  Loxley,  a  distinguished 
ofiicer  of  the  Revolution  ;  and  he  was  the  father- 
in-law  of  Dr.  Nicholas  Jlurray  (Kirwan),  of  Eliza- 
beth, N.  J.,  and  Dr.  Benjamin  Rush  was  his  special 
friend. 

Rhees,  Morgan  John,  Jr.,  D.D.,  was  born 

at  Somerset,  Pa.,  Oct.  25,  1802.  On  reaching 
twenty-one  he  studied  law  under  the  celebrated 
David  Paul  Brown,  of  Philadelphia,  and  after  being 
called  to  the  bar  he  soon  secured  a  respectable  stand- 
ing in  his  profession.  In  1827  the  Saviour  found 
him,  -and  ''  chosen  of  him  ere  time  began,  he  chose 
him  in  return,"  and  was  baptized  into  the  fellow- 
ship of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Philadelphia. 
He  was  ordained  in  September,  1829.  His  first 
fields  of  labor  were  Bordentown  and  Trenton. 
While  in  New  Jersey  be  assisted  in  the  formation 
of  the  State  Convention  for  missions,  and  was  its 
secretai'3'  from  its  organization  until  he  left  the 
State.  In  1840  he  accepted  the  invitation  of  its 
board  to  become  corresponding  secretary  of  the 
Baptist  Publication  Society.  In  February,  1843. 
he  took  charge  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  of 
Wilmington,  Del. ;  of  this  church  he  retained  the 
oversight  for  seven  years,  during  which  he  baptized 
nearly  300  persons.     In  1850  he  became  pastor  of 


RHODE  ISLAND 


977 


RHODE  ISLAND 


the  First  church  of  Williamsbiirii,  N.  Y.,  where  he 
died  Jan.  ]"),  1S53.  lie  received  the  de^rree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity  from  the  University  of  Rochester 
in  1852. 

Dr.  Rhees  was  iireatly  hh^sscid  in  every  pastorate, 
and  he  rendered  valuable  services  to  tlie  Publi- 
cation Society.  Ills  calls  to  churches  seeking  the 
best  ;rifts  were  numerous.  IIi;  had  a  tine  intellect, 
the  polish  of  a  i;entleman,  the  courage;  of  a  brave 
man,  the  piety  of  a  saint,  and  the  tenderness  of  a 
woman.  He  was  loved  by  many  hundreds  while 
he  lived,  and  his  memory  is  still  revered  by  the 
churches  for  which  he  labored,  and  by  many  ad- 
mirinir  friends. 

Rhode  Island  Baptists.— To  most  Baptists  the 

evidence  is  conclusive  that  the  First  Haptist  church 
of  Providence,  formed  in  1639,  is  the  oldest  Bap- 
tist church  in  Rhode  Island,  and  the  first  church 
of  our  denomination  in  Ameri(;a.  RoL^er  Williams 
was  liapti/.ed  l)y  K/.ckiol  IloUiman  in  March,  1638-9, 
and  about  that  time  the  First  church  of  Providence 
was  founded.  Soon  after  the  oriifin  of  this  church, 
as  Baptists  generally  believe,  the  Fir.st  church  of 
Newport  was  organized.  John  Clarke,  M.D.,  came 
from  Kngland  in  1637,  and  not  long  after,  taking 
up  his  residence  in  Newport,  he  ])ecamc  the  public 
instructor  of  a  congregation  out  of  which,  in  1644, 
according  to  tradition,  a  church  was  formed  "  on 
the  scheme  and  principle^  of  the  Baptists."'  (For 
the  arguments  favoring  1638  as  the  time  when  this 
church  was  founded,  see  article  on  The  First 
Church  of  Newport,  R.  I.)  Rev.  Dr.  Henry 
Jackson  says  of  this  church,  "It  occupied  a  high 
rank  in  the  community,  and  drew  members  from 
towns  remote." 

The  second  churcli  in  Newport  was  established 
in  16.'J6.  These  three  communities  comprised  all 
the  regular  Baptist  churches  in  Rhode  Island  for 
many  years.  Tiie  next  in  age  are  the  churches  in 
Richmond,  AVarwick,  and  East  Greenwich,  consti- 
tuted in  1743,  Exeter  in  1750,  AVarren  in  1764,  and 
Shoreham  in  1780.  Rhode  Island  is  everywhere 
permeated  by  Baptist  principles,  and  churches  of 
the  denomination  ai'e  found  in  all  parts  of  the 
State.  The  rights  of  coiisciencc  are  everywhei'e 
respected,  and  protected  by  public  opinion  and 
legislative  eniictment.s. 

There  are  three  Associations  of  Baptist  churches 
in  Rhode  Island,  the  oldest  being  tiie  Warren, 
formed  in  1767  ;  the  next  in  the  order  of  time  is 
the  Providence,  formed  in  1843  ;  and  the  tliird  the 
Narragansett,  formed  in  1859.  The  last  report  of 
the  Warren  Association,  in  1880,  gives  21  churches. 
24  ordained  ministers,  and  4036  members.  In  the 
I'covidence  Association  there  are  15  churches,  21 
ordained  ministers,  and  a  membership  of  2953. 
The  Narragansett  Association  has  24  churches,  20 
ordained  ministers,   and   a  membership   of  3850. 


There  are  60  churcln^s,  with  10,839  members,  in 
Rhode  Island.  The  Rhode  Island  Baptist  State 
Conventio!!  was  made  a  corporate  body  by  an  act 
of  the  General  Assembly,  passed  in  October,  1826, 
and  is  authorized  to  hold  in  trust  an  amount  not 
exceeding  S3()0, 000.  The  Convention  gave  to  feeble 
cliurch(;.s  in  the  State  nearly  S2500  during  the  year. 
The  Rhode  Island  Baptists  contributed  funds  for 
the  education  of  ministers  from  1792;  the  plan  for 
starting  a  society  for  this  purpose  originated  with 
President  Manning,  and  two  months  after  his 
decease  it  was  submitted  to  tiie  Warren  Associa- 
tion by  Rev.  Dr.  Still  man,  of  Boston.  Up  to 
1816  the  concerns  of  ministerial  education  formed 
a  part  of  the  regular  business  of  the  Association. 
In  that  year  a  separate  education  society  wa.s 
formed,  at  which  time  there  was  placed  in  the 
treasury,  in  the  form  of  bank  stock,  the  sum  of 
$1800,  from  whi(;h  amount  various  sums  have 
been  withdrawn,  until  there  now  remains  S1350. 
Some  of  the  most  distinguished  Baptist  ministers 
in  the  country  have  been  among  the  nearly  150 
beneficiaries  who  have  been  ai<led  by  this  society. 
The  Baptists  of  Rhode  Island  legally  proclaimed 
absolute  religious  liberty  for  men  of  all  creeds  when 
no  government  in  the  world  but  the  one  which  they 
controlled  pretended  to  confer  such  a  boon,  or  re- 
garded it  as  either  wise  or  just  to  give  it.  Roger 
Williams,  in  his  "  Bloudy  Tenent,"  defended  this 
doctrine  of  his  Baptist  fathers  in  the  faith  with  a 
power  which  no  mind  governed  by  intelligence 
could  permanently  resist,  and  finally  tliat  doctrine 
swept  from  the  statute  books  of  American  perse- 
cuting States  every  intolerant  enactment.  The 
freedom  of  conscience  demanded  by  Roger  Wil- 
liams has  eff'ected  a  greater  change  in  the  relations 
between  Church  and  State  on  this  continent  than 
the  Declaration  of  Independence,  the  armies  of  the 
Revolution,  and  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States  have  made  in  the  secular  liberties  of  this 
great  republic.  A  n)oral  cable,  stretching  from 
the  Teacher  of  Nazareth,  in  Palestine,  across  the 
ages,  the  countries,  and  the  oceans,  kept  in  order 
by  our  Baptist  fathers  of  all  preceding  Christian 
time,  to  whom  it  communicated  its  blessed  news. 
landed  at  Providence,  1\.  /.,  in  1636.  Roger  Wil- 
liams received  and  put  in  circulation  its  divine  dis- 
patches, and  by  the  authority  of  the  King  Eternal, 
immortal  and  invisible,  demanded  liberty  for  all 
men  to  pay  their  devotions  to  Deity,  without  State 
laws  commanding  or  prohibiting  religious  wor- 
ship. All  Rhode  Island  received  and  obeyed  the 
divine  message  coming  through  this  glorious  cable. 
Baptists  everywhere  respected  it,  and  now  our  whole 
country  has  yielded  obedience  to  the  heavenly  teach- 
ing. And,  as  Rhode  Island  was  the  American 
landing-place  of  this  blessed  cable,  and  her  Baptist 
people  the  interpreters  and  propagators  of  its  pre- 


RHODES 


978 


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cious  communications,  we  would  honor  them  as  the 
best  friends  of  American  liberty  and  of  the  uni- 
versal rights  of  men.  (For  further  information 
about  Rhode  Island,  see  articles  on  P'irst  Baptist 
Church  of  Providence,  First  Ciiirch  of  New- 
port, The  Warren  Baptist  Church,  Rhode 
Island  and  the  American  Revolution,  James 
•  Manning,  D.D.,  Brown  University,  and  The 
Brown  Family,  of  Providence.) 

Rhodes,  Rev.  Christopher,  was  liorn  May  20, 
J82I.  His  parents  were  James  E.  and  Mary  A. 
Rhodes.  At  the  date  of  his  birth  they  were  mem- 
bers of  the  First  church.  Providence,  R.  I.  His  an- 
cestors had  been  in  the  State  from  its  earliest  settle- 
ment. He  was  baptized  in  February,  1839,  and 
united  with  the  Third  church.  After  pursuing  a 
collegiate  course  until  1843,  he  was  licensed  to 
preach,  and  at  once  commenced  a  series  of  revival 
services,  assisting  churches  in  Rhode  Island  and 
Massachusetts.  His  first  charge  was  the  church  in 
Allendale,  near  Providence".  He  assisted  in  organ- 
izing this  church,  and  was  ordained  its  first  pastor 
in  May,  1850.  The  subsequent  pastorates  of  Mr. 
Rliodes  have  been  Phoenix  church,  Warwick, 
R.  I.,  1855-61  :  Stewart  Street  church,  Provi- 
dence, 1861-64;  First  church.  South  Kingston, 
1864-66;  Stanton  Street,  N.  Y.,  1866-74;  Central 
church,  Williamsburg,  1874  tn  present  date.  Dur- 
ing these  years  he  h;i«  devoted  himself  almost  ex- 
clusively to  pastoral  work,  and  he  has  received 
many  evidences  of  the  divine  blessing.  Through 
his  preaching  converts  have  been  added  to  the 
churches,  and  he  has  had  great  success  in  building 
up  weak  interests  and  relieving  them  from  financial 
embarrassment.  Mr.  Rliodes  is  a  strong  man  men- 
tally and  physically,  and  one  whose  counsel  is 
held  in  high  esteem  by  ministers  and  churches. 

Rhodes,  Gen.  Elisha  Hunt,  son  of  Capt.  Elisha 
II.  and  Eliza  (Chase)  Rhodes,  was  born  in  Paw- 
tuxet,  R.  I.,  March  21,  1842  ;  had  an  academical 
education  ;  entered  the  Union  army  as  a  corporal 
in  June,  1861  ;  was  with  his  regiment  in  most  of 
the  great  battles  in  Virginia';  rose  to  be  the  col- 
onel of  the  2d  R.  I.  Inf.  Regiment;  brevetted  brig- 
adier-general for  gallant  conduct;  since  the  vvar 
has  filled  some  of  the  highest  offices  in  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic  ;  is  collector  of  United  States 
revenue  for  the  district  of  Rhode  Island  ;  brigadier- 
general  of  the  militia  force  of  Rhode  Island  :  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Central  Baptist  church  in  Providence, 
R.  I. ;  a  man  of  talent  and  sterling  worth. 

Rice,  Rev.  Francis,  was  born  in  Logansport, 
Ind.,  Nov.  27,  1853.  His  family  came  to  Kansas 
in  .the  year  1858.  settling  at  Oskaloosa,  Jefferson 
Co.  In  1865  they  removed  to  Topeka,  where  he 
received  his  education.  He  passed  through  the 
regular  classic  course  at  Washburn  College.  He 
also  took  a  business  course  in  a  commercial  college 


in  the  sani,e  city,  employing  for  this  purpose  his 
summer  vacations.  He  was  baptized,  and  united 
with  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Topeka  in  Jan- 
uary, 1870.  He  had  experienced  conversion  several 
years  before,  when  about  the  age  of  eleven.  He 
liecame  interested  in  the  Sunday-school,  and  did 
what  he  could  in  the  Master's  cause,  but  had  no 
serious  thought  of  entering  the  ministry  until 
January,  1877,  when  he  received  an  invitation  to 
visit  the  church  at  Valley  Falls,  and  he  was  or- 
dained their  pastor  May  16.  1877.  His  ministry  has 
been  attended  by  good  results.  He  has  been  forsev- 
eral  years  clerk  of  the  Missouri  River  Association. 
Rice,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1759. 
He  removed  to  Kentucky ;  was  baptized  and  brought 
into  the  ministry  at  Gilbert's  Creek  church,  in  Gar- 
rard Co.,  Ky.  He  was  a  constituent  of  Shawnee 
Run,  for  a  long  time  the  largest  church  south  of 
the  Kentucky  River.  Of  this  church,  in  Mercer 
County,  he  was  pastor  from  its  organization,  in 
1788,  till  his  death,  March  19,  1843.  He  was  emi- 
nent among  the  pioneers  of  Kentucky,  and  greatly 
beloved  for  his  piety,  faith,  and  usefulness. 


OEN.   EI.ISIIA     HINT     RHODES. 

Rice,  Rev.  Luther,  was  born  in  Northborough, 
Worcester  Co.,  Mass.,  March  25,  1783.  His  parents 
were  members  of  the  Congregational  Church,  his 
mother  being  a  woman  of  remarkable  intellectual 
vigor.  \U  attended  the  public  schools  of  the  neigh- 
borhood, and  was  apt  in  acquiring  knowledge. 
While  still  a  mere  youth,  the  wonderful  self-re- 
liance, for  which  he  was  always  distinguished,  dis- 
played itself:  for.  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  he  entered 


RICE 


979 


RICE 


into  a  contract  to  visit  the  State  of  Georffia  to  assist 
in  obtaining  timber  for  sbipl)uil(iing,  witliotit  con- 
sulting his  parents,  and  was  absent  six  months. 
Soon  after  this  he  became  greatly  concerned  about 
iiis  soul,  and  suffered  the  acutest  mental  agony  for 
many  months.  At  the  age  of  nineteen,  in  March 
of  1802,  he  united  with  the  ciiurch  at  North- 
borough.  He  wa^  from  the  beginning  a  inost  con- 
sistent and  active  Christian  worker.  He  infused  a 
new  and  higher  type  of  i)iety  into  his  own  family 
and  the  church,  and  made  it  a  special  duty  to  con- 
verse frequently  with  the  impenitent.  He  was 
from  tiie  stare  of  his  Christian  career  deeply  in- 
terested in  missions  and  missionary  publications. 
During  all  this  time  he  was  laboring  upon  his 
father's  farm.  His  mind  was  now  directed  to  the 
Christian  ministry,  and  lie  resolved  to  secure  a  col- 
legiate and  theological  education.  He  spent  three 
years  at  LeicesttM*  Academy,  and  paid  his  expenses 
by  teaching  school  during  the  vacations  and  giving 
lessons  in  singing  at  night.  He  made  such  rapid 
progress  at  the  academy  that  he  was  able  to  com- 
plete his  collegiate  course  in  three  years,  having 
entered  Williams  College,  Mass.,  in  October  of 
1807.  While  in  college  he  became  deeply  inter- 
ested in  missions,  and  he  infused  the  same  enthu- 
siasm into  the  minds  of  his  friends.  Mills  and 
Richards.  In  a  letter,  written  March  18,  1811,  he 
says,  "  I  have  deliberati-ly  made  up  my  mind  to 
preach  the  gospel  to  the  heathen.''  A  society  of 
inquiry  on  the  subject  of  missions  was  formed 
through  his  instrumentality,  and  about  the  same 
time  a  branch  society  at  Andover  Seminary,  where 
Judson  and  his  friends  caught  the  new  awakening. 
They  must  preach  the  gospel  to  the  pagan  nations. 
Judson,  Nott,  Mills,  Newell,  Richards,  and  Rice 
prepared  a  niemorial  to  the  General  As.sociation 
of  all  the  evangelical  ministers  of  Massachusetts, 
convened  at  Bradford  in  1810,  urging  the  pressing 
claims  of  the  heathen,  and  asking  an  appointment 
in  the  East.  The  names  of  Richards  and  Rice  were 
omitted  from  the  memorial  at  its  presentation,  the 
number  ])eing  so  large.  The  result  of  these  efforts 
was  the  formation  of  the  .\mericaii  Board  of  Com- 
missioners for  Foreign  Missions;  ami,  later,  the 
Baptist  General  Convention  of  1814,  the  American 
Bible  Society,  the  American  T;-act  Society,  the 
Baptist  General  Tract  Society,  the  Columbian  Col- 
lege, the  Newton  Theological  Seminary,  and  other 
kindred  organizations.  .Judson,  Nott,  Mills,  and 
Newell  were  ap]iointcd  by  the  board  as  mission- 
aries, Rice  and  Richards  being  omitted.  But  Rice 
had  set  his  lieart  upon  going,  and  he  was  permitted 
to  do  so  upon  the  condition  that  he  would  him.self 
raise  the  money  necessary  for  his  outfit  and  his 
passage,  which  he  did  within  a  few  days.  Having 
been  previously  licensed,  he.  with  his  companions, 
was   ordained    at    the   Tabernacle  church,  Salem, 


Mass.,  Feb.  6,  1812,  and  sailed  from  Philadelphia, 
February  18,  in  the  packet  "  Harmony,''  destined 
for  India.  l)r.  Judson  and  wife,  who  had  sailed 
from  Salem,  having  changed  their  minds  on  the 
subject  of  baptism,  were  baptized  by  Dr.  Carey 
soon  after  their  arrival  at  Calcutta  ;  and  Mr.  Rice, 
having  also  been  led,  after  a  thorough  investiga- 
tion, to  change  his  views  on  the  same  subject,  wiis 
also  baptized,  on  Nov.  1,  1812,  by  Mr.  AVard,  a  few 
weeks  after  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Judson.  Owing  to  the 
continued  and  bitter  opposition  of  the  English  au- 
thorities in  India,  Mr.  Rice  concluded  to  sail  for 
the  Isle  of  France,  and  thence  to  the  United  States, 
to  adjust  Ids  relations  with  the  Congregational 
board,  to  enlist  the  Baptist  churches  in  the  cause 
of  missions,  and  to  recruit  his  health.  lie  arrived 
at  New  York,  Sept.  7,  1813  ;  went  immediately  to 
Boston,  and  communicated  with  the  board,  who, 
however,  recc^ived  him  with  much  coldness,  and, 
rather  rudely,  dissolved  his  relations  with  them- 
selves. Mr.  Rice  now  completely  identified  him- 
self with  the  Baptists.  At  a  consultation,  in  Bos- 
ton, it  was  determined  to  appoint  him  an  agent  to 
visit  all  parts  of  the  country,  and  enlist  churches 
and  individuals  in  the  cause.  lie  journeyed  thr<iugh- 
out  the  entir(!  length  of  the  country,  and  met  with 
the  most  encouraging  success.  Delegates  were  ap- 
pointed from  all  parts  of  the  land  to  meet  for  con- 
ference, and  on  the  18th  of  May,  1814,  a  large 
number  assembled  at  Philadelphia,  Dr.  Richard 
Furman  presiding.  After  several  days'  deliberation 
the  General  Convention  of  the  Baptist  Denomina- 
tion in  the  United  States  for  Foreign  Missions  was 
formed,  that  organization  which  has  accomplished 
so  much  in  heathen  lands  for  the  glory  of  God  and 
the  good  of  men.  On  his  Southern  tour  Mr.  Rice 
collected  about  i?1.3()0,  made  arrangements  for  fu- 
ture contributions,  and  organized  about  twenty  mis- 
sionary societies,  and  throughout  the  country  about 
seventy  societies.  At  the  meeting  of  the  Triennial 
Convention  in  Philadelphia,  in  1817,  he  reported 
that  he  had  traveled,  during  a  very  short  time,  7800 
miles,  collected  nearly  i?.'?700,  and  aroused  a  warm 
interest  in  missions  everywhere.  These  journeys 
were  "  through  wildernesses  and  over  rivers,  across 
mountains  and  valleys,  in  heat  and  cold,  by  day 
and  by  night,  in  weariness  and  painfulness,  and 
fastings  and  loneliness." 

To  Mr.  Rice,  more  than  to  any  other  man,  is  due 
the  awakened  regard  in  ministerial  education. 
He  was  deeply  interested  in  the  school  opened  in 
Philadelphia,  under  Staughton  and  Chase,  for  the 
instruction  of  young  men  for  the  ministry.  Eigh- 
teen were  in  course  of  preparation  there.  He 
urged  the  founding  of  a  college  at  Washington, 
D.  C,  and  through  his  efforts  forty-six  and  a  half 
acres  were  purchased  adjacent  to  the  city  of  Wash- 
ington, and  a  building  capable  of  accommodating 


RICE 


980 


RICHARDS 


eighty  students  was  begun.  The  Convention  took 
the  new  institution  under  its  supervision,  and  in 
the  report  made  to  the  Convention  in  1821,  there 
was  set  forth  a  most  gratifying  statement  of  the 
progress  of  the  college.  Mr.' Rice  was  appointed 
its  agent  and  treasurer.  About  this  time  he  origi- 
nated the  Columbian  Star,  published  at  Washing- 
ton. Still  serving  as  missionary  agent,  his  addi- 
tional labors  as  agent  for  the  college  were  over- 
whelming. Difficulties  arose;  the  expenses  of  the 
college  were  not  met;  and  Mr.  Rice  was  prostrated 
by  sickness  arising  out  of  his  terrible  anxieties. 
The  college  seemed  threatened  with  ruin  in  its 
very  inception.  A  warm  discussion  arose  in  the 
Convention  which  met  in  1826,  and  it  was  deter- 
mined then  to  separate  the  educational  movement 
from  the  missionary  operations.  Other  financial 
agents  were  appointed  by  the  college,  but  Mr.  Rice 
still  collected  money  for  its  funds,  and  labored 
earnestly  with  an  unshaken  faith  iji  its  final  suc- 
cess ;  and  before  he  died  he  had  the  pleasure  of 
seeing  his  wishes  partially  fulfilled.  Mr.  Rice  sac- 
rificed his  life  for  the  welfare  of  the  institution 
which  he  originated,  and  which  he  loved  so  well. 
During  a  collecting  tour  through  the  South  he  was 
taken  seriously  ill,  and  soon  after  died  at  the  house 
of  his  friend,  Dr.  Mays,  Sept.  25,  1836.  He  was 
buried  at  Point  Pleasant  church,  Edgefield  District, 
S.  C.  The  following  is  the  memorial  inscription  on 
the  marble  slab  erected  by  the  Baptist  Convention 
of  the  State  of  South  Carol-ina,  written  by  men  who 
knew  him  well  and  loved  him  dearly  for  his  self- 
denying  labors  in  the  cause  of  Christian  missions 
and  ministerial  education : 

Born        'I  Beueath  this  marble  /-         Died 

March  25th,   V        Are  deposited  the  remains  of        ■<  Sept'r  2.')tli, 

A.D.  1783.    i  Elder  Luthek  Eice,  I    A.D.  1836. 

A  minister  of  Christ,  of  the  Baptist  Denomination. 

He  was  a  native  of  Nortliboro",  Massachusetts, 

And  departed  this  life  in  Edgefield  District,  S.  C. 

In  the  death  of  this  distinguished  servant  of  the  Lord,  "  is  a  great 

man  fallen  in  Israel." 


-  Than  he,    ^ 


Perhaps  no  American  has  done 
more  for  the  great  Missionary 
Enterprise. 

It  is  thought  the  first  Ameri- 
can Foreign  Mission,  on  which 
he  went  to  India,  associated 
with  Judson  and  others,  origi- 
nated with  him. 

And  if  the  Burmans  have 
cause  of  gratitude  towards  Jud- 
son, for  a  faithful  version  of 
God's  Word,  so  they  will  thro' 
genci'ations  to  come  "arise  up 
and  call  Rice  blessed  ;"  for  it 
was  -his  eloquent  appeals  for 
the  Heathen,  on  his  return  to 
America,  which  raised  our  Bap- 
tist churches  to  adopt  the  Bur- 
man  Mission  and  sustain  Jud- 
son in  his  arduous  toils. 


No  Baptist  has  done  more  for 
the  cause  of  education.  He 
founded  the  "  Columbian  Col- 
lege, in  tlie  District  of  Colum- 
bia," which  he  benevolently  in- 
tended, liy  its  central  position, 
to  diffuse  knowledge,  both  liter- 
ary and  religious,  through  these 
United  States.  And  if  for  want 
of  deserved  patronage  that  un- 
fortunate Institution,  which 
was  the  special  subject  of  his 
prayers  and  toils  for  the  last 
fifteen  years  of  his  life,  fail  to 
fulfil  the  high  purpose  of  its 
founder,  yet  the  spirit  of  edu- 
cation awakened  by  his  labors 
shall  accomplish  his  noble 
aim. 


,  Luther  Eice, 

With  a  portly  person  and  commanding  presence, 

Combined  a  strong  and  brilliant  intellect. 

As  a  theologian  he  was  orthodox  ; 

A  scholar,  his  education  was  liberal. 

He  was  an  eloquent  and  i>owerful  preacher; 

A  self-denying  and  indefatigable  philanthropist. 

His  frailties"\vith  his  dust  are  entombed; 
And  upon  the  walls  of  Ziun  his  virtues  engraven. 

By  order  of  the  Baptist  Convention  ior  the  State  of  South  Carolina, 

This  monument  is  erected 

To  His  Memory. 

His  love  for  the  Columbian  College  is  seen  in  his  * 
dying  request, — "  Send  my  sulky,  and  horse,  and 
baggage  to  Brother  Brooks,  with  directions  to  send 
them  to  Brother  Sherwood,  and  say  that  all  belong  to 
the  college.''' 

As  a  preacher,  3Ir.  Rice  was  rarely  excelled.  He 
was  dignified  in  appearance,  and  unusually  attrac- 
tive in  his  st3'le.  His  sermons  were  characteristic- 
ally doctrinal,  and  weighty  in  fundamental  truths. 
He  was  eminently  gifted  also  in  prayer.  He  wrote 
a  work  on  Baptism,  which,  however,  was  not  pub- 
lished. He  was  elected  in  1815  to  the  presidency 
i)f  Transylvania  University,  at  Lexington,  Ky.,  and 
also  to  that  of  Georgetown  College,  Ky.,  both  of 
which  he  declined,  as  the  two  great  objects  of  his 
life — missions  and  ministerial  education — absorbed 
all  the  energies  of  his  soul  and  body. 

Rice,  Rev.  Thomas  Moor,   a  distinguished 

preacher  and  educator,  was  born  in  Jessamine  Co., 
Ky.,  Dec.  7,  1792.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the  war 
of  1812-15,  and  soon  after  its  close  united  with  the 
Methodist  Church,  and  became  a  circuit  preacher. 
After  a  few  years  he  was  compelled  to  desist  from 
regular  preaching  on  account  of  physical  disability. 
Mr.  Rice  was  a  linguist  and  mathematician,  and 
adopted  the  profession  of  a  teacher,  and  became 
very  successful.  In  1838  he  w;xs  elected  to  the 
chair  of  Mathematics  in  Georgetown  College,  but 
declined  the  position,  and  remained  the  teacher  of 
a  private  school.  He  continued  to  exercise  his 
gifts  as  a  local  preacher  among  the  Methodists, 
and  engaged  in  several  public  debates  on  religious 
doctrines,  one  of  which  was  with  President  Fan- 
ning, a  distinguished  Campbellite  preacher  of  Ten- 
nessee. About  1S39  he  decided  to  preach  an  argu- 
mentative sermon  on  the  "'  mode  of  baptism."  In 
his  preparation  he  became  convinced  that  immersion 
alone  was  Scriptural  liaptisni,  and  soon  afterwards 
united  with  the  Baptist  church  at  Pleasant  Grove, 
Ky.,  and  was  ordained  to  the  ministry.  lie  served 
two  Baptist  churches  until  his  death,  which  oc- 
curred Oct.  3,  1842. 

Richards,  Rev.  Humphrey,  was  born  in  Row- 
loy,  Mass..  Sept.  17.  1818.  Having  completed  his 
preparatory  studies,  he  entered  Brown  University 
in  1833.  While  in  college  he  became  a  Christian. 
Ill  health  obliged  him  to  abridge  his  course  of 
study.     It  was  a  sad  disappointment  to  him  to  be 


RICHARDS 


981 


RICHARDS 


compelled  to  renounce  liis  long  cherished  hopes 
and  ;^ive  up  the  plans  of  years ;  for  he  was  a  good 
scholar,  and  was  distinguished  in  his  class.  Having 
spent  a  year  at  the  Suffield  Literary  Institution, 
Conn.,  he  entered  upon  a  course  of  theological  study 
at  Hamilton,  \.  Y..  which  he  completed  in  1S42. 
He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church,  Springfield,  Mass.,  May  10,  1843,  where 
he  remained  throe  years.  He  became  pastor 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Dorchester,  Mass., 
in  the  sutntnerof  lS4tj.  This  relatimi  he  sustained 
to  the  people,  who  were  warmly  attached  to  him, 
for  eight  years.  Long  continued  application  to  his 
ministerial  and  pastoral  w'ork  told  at  last  on  a  con- 
stitution never  strong,  and  he  declined  rapidly,  and 
passed  away  Sept.  4,  1854.  His  ministry  was  fruit- 
ful for  good,  especially  in  building  up  his  church 
in  knowledge  and  in  the  graces  of  the  Christian 
character. 

Richards,  Rev.  James,  was  liorn  Jan.  28, 1804, 
at  Llanddarog,  Carmarthenshire,  Wales.  He  began 
preaching  about  the  year  18iy.  He  received  his 
theological  training  at  Ilorton,  now  Ilawdon,  Col- 
lege, under  the  presidency  of  Dr.  Steadman.  He 
had  not  been  long  in  tlie  ministry  before  his  repu- 
tation as  a  preacher  of  the  first  rank  was  estab- 
lished. His  style  was  exceedingly  ornate.  With 
a  weak  voice  and  quiet  manner,  he  was  nevertheless 
tlirillingly  eloquent.  A  volume  of  his  sermons  has 
recently  been  published,  which  amply  sustains  the 
reputation  which  he  enjoyed.  His  {)rincipal  pastor- 
ates during  a  long  and  useful  life  wore  Fishguard, 
Pembrokeshire,  and  Pontyprydd,  INIonmouthshire. 
He  departed  this  life  Sept.  'll,  18(j7. 

Richards,  Rev.  "William,  LL.D.,  was  born  in 
South  Wales  in  174!),  and  educated  at  Bristol  Col- 
lege. He  became  pastor  of  th(;  Baptist  church  in 
Lynn,  England,  in  177G,  where  he  spent  the  rest  of 
his  life,  though  only  about  half  the  tiuje  as  pastor 
of  the  church.     He  died  in  1818. 

Dr.  Richards  was  deeply  learned  in  English  and 
Welsh  history,  and  in  other  departments  of  litera- 
ture. His  talents  and  culture  Avere  of  eminent 
importance  to  his  brethren  in  the  British  Islands 
in  defending  their  principles  against  Pedobaptist 
assailants.  He  sympathized  with  our  Revolution- 
ary fathers  so  strongly  that  he  expressed  a  pref- 
erence for  the  union  of  AVales  (his  country)  with 
the  United  States  rather  than  with  the  British  em- 
pire, lie  was  the  author  of  several  works -of  great 
value. 

Brown  University  conferred  upon  him  the  degree 
of  LL.D.  In  accordance  with  a  purpose  which  he 
formed  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  before  his 
de;ith,  he  left  iiis  library  of  ]3tK)  volumes  to  Brown 
Universit}'.  This  treasure  enriches  our  oldest  col- 
lege to  this  day. 

Richards,  William  C,  A.M.,  Ph.D.,  was  born 


Nov.  24,  1818,  in  London,  England.  His  father 
came  to  this  country  in  1831,  and  settled  in  Hud- 
son, N.  Y.,  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church.  There 
the  son  joined  the  church  in  1833,  and  in  1834  en- 
tered Hamilton  Institution  with  a  view  to  the  min- 
istry, from  wiiich  he  was  graduated  in  1S40.  In  I.S09 
.Madison  University  conferred  upon  him  its  lirst 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy,  upon  the  occasion 
of  his  delivering  the  semi-centennial  poem.  After 
his  graduation  he  went  South,  and  was  for  ten 
years  engaged  in  literary  and  scientific  and  edu- 
caiional  work  in  (Jeorgia. 

In  1849  he  transferred  his  literary  efforts  to 
Charleston,  S.  C,  and  liecame  associated  there  with 
the  Southern  Quarterhj  Review.  In  18.52  he  re- 
turned to  the  North,  with  the  understanding  that 
he  should  at  length  enter  the  ministry.  After  two 
or  three  years  of  varied  work  he  began  to  preach, 
and  early  in  1855  he  went  to  Providence,  II.  I.,  as 
associate  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church.  He 
was  ordained  in  New  York  in  July  of  that  year. 
Resigning  his  position  in  October,  he  was  pressed  to 
accept  the  charge  of  a  new  interest  to  be  immediately 
formed  in  the  city,  and  for  seven  years  was  pastor 
of  the  Brown  Street  Baj)tist  church.  In  18t)2  his 
health  failed.  He  then  began  his  public  lectures 
on  physical  science,  which  have  since  engrossed 
the  most  of  his  time.  From  1865  to  the  end  of 
1SG8,  however,  he  was  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  and  while  residing  in  Berkshire 
was  elected  Professor  of  Chemistry  in  the  Berk- 
shire Medical  College,  and  filled  tiie  chair  for  two 
years. 

In  1876  he  removed  to  Chicago,  and  was  pastor 
there  for  a  year,  but  he  was  constrained  reluctantly 
to  resume  his  scientific  work.  His  literary  labors 
have  been  varied  and  voluminous.  In  1850  he 
prepared  the  memoir  of  Gov.  Briggs,  of  Massachu- 
setts, lie  had  previously  published  "  Harry's  Va- 
cation," a  very  successful  book  on  every -day  science 
for  the  young.  His  contributions  to  the  leading 
magazines  of  prose  and  verse  arc  numerous.  He 
has  printed  several  anniversary  and  college  poems. 
His  editorial  labors  iiave  covered,  at  intervals,  a 
period  of  forty  years,  and  for  four  years  past  he 
has  been  connected  with  the  Chicago  Standard. 
In  addition  to  his  popular  lectures — chiefly  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Asso- 
ciation from  the  Atlantic  to  the  .Mississijipi — he  has 
preached  twice  nearly  every  Sabbath,  and  frequently 
at  night,  to  large  assemblies  on  religion  and  science. 

Richards.  Zalmon,  A.M.,  was  born  at  Cum- 

mington,  Mass.,  Aug.  11,  1811.  and  graduated  at 
Williams  College,  in  the  same  State,  in  1836. 
Being  interested  in  the  cause  of  education,  he  has 
devoted  much  of  his  life  to  teacrliing.  He  was  at 
one  time  principal  of  the  Ctaniuington  Academy, 
Mass.,  of  the  Stillwater  Academy,  N.  Y,,  and  sub- 


RICHARDSON 


982 


RICHMOND 


sequently  of  the  preparatory  school  of  the  Colum- 
bian College.  At  present  ho  is  principal  of  the 
Eclectic  Seminary,  in  Washington  City,  D.  C. 
Mr.  Richards  was  the  first  president  of  the  Na- 
tional Educational  Association,  and  also  of  the 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association  of  Washing- 
ton. He  has  contributed  various  articles  to  the 
American  Journal  of  Education,  and  also  to  other 
periodicals.  He  has  also  filled  various  municipal 
offices,  having  been  president  of  the  common  council 
and  of  the  board  of  aldermen,  auditor  under  the 
District  government,  and  the  first  superintendent 
of  public  schools  in  Washington.  lie  received  the 
degree  of  A.M.  in  course  from  Williams  College. 

Richardson,  Rev.  Horace,  a  native  of  New 
Hampshire,  was  born  about  1820;  gave  himself 
to  Christ,  and  was  baptized  in  his  youth.  He 
graduated  with  honor  at  Dartmouth  College  in 
1841,  and  from  Newton  in  1844,  and  was  ordained 
at  Keene,  N.  H.,  in  1845,  where  hewas  pastor  one 
year.  In  1846  he  settled  at  West  Acton,  Mass., 
and  remained  pastor  there  seven  years.  In  1853 
he  arrived  in  California,  and  spent  twelve  years  in 
teaching  and  preaching;  at  various  places.  In  1865 
he  was  appointed  general  distributing  agent  of  the 
American  Bible  Society,  and  spent  ten  years  in 
that  service.  He  distributed  personally  over  sixty 
tons  of  Bibles,  preaching  everywhere  in  the  desti- 
tute regions,  doing  the  work  of  an  evangelist,  and 
leading  many  to  Christ.  He  died  at  Brooklyn, 
March"  15,  1876.  - 

Richardson,  Rev.  J.  B,,  was  born  in  Mont- 
gomery Co.,  N.  C,  June  16,  1839;  was  baptized 
by  Dr.  Wingate,  at  AVaTce  Forest  College,  in  1857  ; 
graduated  at  Wake  Forest  College  in  1862 ;  was 
ordained  at  Litchville  in  1862,  his  father.  Rev. 
Noah  Richardson,  Rev.  John  Minsor,  and  Rev. 
B.  G.  Covington  constituting  the  Presbytery  ;  was 
nearly  four  years  corresponding  secretary  of  the 
State  Convention,  and' has  been  pastor  of  Greens- 
borough,  High  Point,  and  Catawba  churches.  Mr. 
Richardson  is  widely  known  and  greatly  beloved 
by  his  brethren. 

Richardson,  Prof.  John  F.,  was  born  in  Oneida 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  February,  1808  ;  was  a  graduate  of 
Madison  University  and  its  Professor  of  Latin  for 
fifteen  years.  In  1850  he  accepted  the  same  chair 
in  the  University  of  Rochester,  where  he  remained 
until  his  death,  Feb.  11,  1868.  He  was  the  author 
of  a  work  entitled  "  The  True  Roman  Orthoepy," 
for  which  the  Right  Honorable  W.  E.  Gladstone, 
now  Prime  Minister  of  Great  Britain,  and  one  of 
the  finest  soholars  in  England,  thanked  him  in  an 
autograph  letter.  Prof.  Rieliardson  was  eminently 
a  learned  man,  of  great  refinement,  and  of  su|ierior 
qualifications  ibr  imparting  instruction. 

Richardson,  Rev.  Noah,  was  born  in  Moore 
Co.,  N.  C,  June  30,   1S04;  was  converted  under 


the  preachfng  of  the  celebrated  Robert  T.  Daniel ; 
baptized  by  Elder  Farthing,  and  ordained  in  1827 
by  Elders  Swaim  and  Ilymer.  His  father  died 
when  he  was  a  child.  His  reading  was  extensive, 
and  his  talents  superior.  His  control  over  an 
audience  was  sometimes  wonderful,  and  many  are 
the  traditions  of  his  extraordinary  powers  as  a 
pulpit  orator.  He  preached  for  forty-five  years, 
and  his  great  popularity  is  evidenced  by  the  fact 
that  for  twenty- seven  successive  years  he  was 
elected  to  ]>reacli  on  Sunday  at  the  sessions  of  his' 
Association. 

Dr.  James  McDaniel,  of  Fayetteville,  and  Mr. 
Richardson  were  devoted  friends,  and  in  delivering 
his  funeral  sermon.  Dr.  McDaniel  said,  "  That  in 
his  prime  Noah  Richardson  was  the  best  preacher 
in  North  Carolina." 

He  was  especially  efiective  in  revival  meetings, 
and  is  said  to  have  baptized  thousands  during  the 
long  course  of  his  ministry.  He  died  May  9,  1867. 
He  left  a  son.  Rev.  J.  B.  Richas-dson,  who  was  for 
several  years  corresponding  secretary  of  the  Baptist 
•State  Convention. 

Richardson,  Rev.  Phineas,  was  born  in  Me- 
thuen,  Mass.,  Feb.  2,  1787.  AVhen  he  was  seven- 
teen years  of  age  lie  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Joshua 
Bradley,  and  united  with  the  church  in  London- 
derry, N.  H.  He  longed  to  be  able  to  preach  the 
gospel,  but  many  vfars  passed  before  his  wish  was 
gratified.  He  studied  for  a  time  with  Rev.  Jere- 
miah Chaplin  at  Danvers,  and  was  ordained  at 
Methuen  in  November,  1817.  His  first  pastorate 
was  in  Gilmanton,  N.  IL,  where  he  commenced  his 
labors  in  March,  1818,  and  continued  as  the  minis- 
ter of  the  church  for  eighteen  years.  After  acting 
as  a  missionary  for  the  Convention  for  two  years, 
he  was  instrumental  in  gathering  a  church  in  Hol- 
lis,  of  which  he  was  the  pastor  for  eleven  years, 
life  was  then  pastor  of  the  church  in  New  Hamp- 
ton, N.  H.,  for  four  years.  The  last  two  years  of 
his  life  were  passed  in  Lawrence,  Mass.,  where  he 
died  in  January,  1860.  During  his  long  ministry 
he  was  honored  of  God,  as  the  instrument  of  doing 
a  good  work  for  the  Master  whom  he  delighted  to 
serve. 

Richmond  College. — Virginia  Baptists,  very 
soon  after  the  war  of  independence,  began  to  con- 
sider the  question  of  founding  a  seminary  of  learn- 
ing. In  1778  a  committee  was  appointed  to  further 
the  scheme,  and  upon  their  recommendation,  in 
1793,  the  General  Committee  of  the  Denomination, 
which  had  charge  of  the  matter,  appointed  trustees 
to  carry  into  effect  what  had  lieen  proposed.  For 
some  cause,  however,  no  ]iractical  solution  of  the 
question  was  found,  and  while  from  time  to  time 
the  subject  was  agitated,  still  it  was  not  until  1830 
that  an  earnest  and  successful  effort  was  made  to 
establish  a  school  of  high  gr.ade,  which  should  be 


RICHMOND 


983 


RICHMOND 


under  the  control  of  Baptists,  and  which  should  be 
used  directly  to  advance  the  interests  of  their  spe- 
cial work  in  the  State.  The  General  Association 
met  in  Ricliniond  in  June,  1830,  and  it  was  while 
this  body  was  in  session  that  the  friends  of  educa- 
tion met,  and,  aft(!r  free  discussion,  orjianized  tlie 
Virginia  Baptist  Education  Society.  The  prime 
consideration  which  prompted  the  movement  was 
the  necessity  felt  on  all  sides  by  the  churches  for 
the  improvement  of  their  rising  ministry. 

During  the  first  and  second  years  of  the  opera- 
tions of  the  society  thirteen  young  men  were  re- 
ceived for  instruction.  These  were  placed  in  pri- 
vate schools.  At  the  close  of  the  second  year  it 
was  found  that  the  number  of  .students  would  be 
considerably  increased,  atid  that  the  location  of  the 
sciiool  with  permanent  teachers  was  therefore  ne- 
cessary. Accordingly,  a  farm  was  jiurchased,  and 
the  institution  assumed  the  name  of  tiie 

VIIUJINIA    I!.\PTIST    SEMINARY. 

The  location  of  the  seminary  was  about  five 
miles  from  Richmond.  It  was  openeil  on  the  4tli  of 
July,  1X32,  under  Kev.  Robert  Ryland.  '!" he  scheme 
of  student  training  combined  manual  with  intellect 
tual  labor.  An  opportunity  occurring  soon  after 
for  securing  a  more  eligible  site  for  the  seminary, 
in  the  most  beautiful  section  of  the  western  suburbs 
of  Richmond,  it  was  removed  to  the  present  loca- 
tion of  the  college.  From  this  time,  under  the  ju- 
dicious and  efficient  management  of  its  principal, 
upon  whon),  from  the  inception  of  the  enterprise, 
had  devolved  an  unusual  share  of  anxious  solicitude 
and  self-denying  labor,  the  number  of  students, 
which  before  had  been  comparatively  small,  rap- 
idly increased.  Of  these,  many  have  become 
widely  influential  and  useful  ministers  of  the  gos- 
pel, some  at  home,  others  in  foreign  lands,  while 
others  still  as  teachers,  members  of  the  legal  and 
medical  professions,  and  men  of  business,  have  won 
an  honorable  reputation  in  their  several  vocations. 

RICHMOND   COLLEGE. 

Desiring  still  further  to  enlarge  the  influence 
and  usefulness  of  the  institution,  its  founders  ap- 
plied to  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State  for  a 
college  charter,  which,  in  1840,  they  secured.  Rev. 
Robert  Ryland  continued  in  the  ))residency  under 
the  new  corporate  organization.  Efforts  were  made 
to  secure  a  permanent  endowment  with  consider- 
able success,  and  the  college  seemed  to  be  placed 
upon  a  broad  and  firm  foundation,  with  encour- 
aging prospects  of  an  extended  and  enduring  pros- 
perity. 

■  During  the  recent  war  the  exercises  of  the  insti- 
tution were  suspended,  and  the  greater  part  of  its 
endowment  fund  lost. 

In    18(5G    tiio   college  was   again   opened.      The 


alumni  and  otiier  friends,  sustained  by  the  warm 
love  and  determined  zeal  of  the  denomination 
which  had  founded  the  institution  in  the  past,  ral- 
lied to  the  support  of  the  trustees,  and  vigorous 
efforts  were  made  to  raise  the  loved  school  from  its 
(irostrate  condition  and  restore  it  to  more  than  its 
former  efficiency  and  usefulness.  A  good  degree 
of  success  has  rewarded  these  efforts.  The  gifts 
of  a  people  suffering  scv(M-ely  from  a  disastrous 
war  have  Vjeen  freely  and  generously  offered,  and 
the  college,  with  its  present  fair  but  still  insufficient 


RKIIMOND    C0LLE(;E. 

equipment,  is  a  monument  to  the  faith,  love,  and 
generosity  of  that  noble  brotherhood,  the  Virginia 
Baptists. 

In  reorganizing  the  college  in  1866  the  trustees  de- 
t(!rmined  to  remodel  their  former  plans,  and  adopted 
tlie  organic  change  which  at  present  marks  its  suc- 
cessful scholastic  career.  The  plan  is  that  of  inde- 
pendent schools,  of  which  at  present  there  are  eight 
in  theac.ademicdepartment  andaschool  of  law.  The 
faculty  of  instruction  and  government  consists  of 
co-equal  professors,  one  of  whom  is  annually  chosen 
to  be  their  chairman  and  chief  executive  officer. 
To  them  as  a  body  is  committed  all  that  pertaitis 
to  the  discipline  and  interior  management  of  the 
institution,  while  each  professor  is  responsible  for 
the  efficient  conduct  of  his  own  school.  Eclecticism 
in  studies,  under  certain  restrictions,  prevails  with 
satisfactory  results.  There  are  five  academic  de- 
grees conferred  by  the  trustees  on  the  recommen- 
dation of  the  faculty,  viz..  Bachelor  of  Literature, 
Bachelor  of  Science,  Bachelor  of  Arts,  Master  of 
Arts,  and  Bachelor  of  Law.  There  are  also  school 
diplomas  for  those  who  graduate  in  the  school,  and 
certificates  of  proficiency,  promotion,  and  distinction 
when  a  certain  measure  of  success  is  attained  in 
the  regular  examinations. 

It  has  been  the  aim  of  the  trustees  to  secure 
superior  scholarship  in  the  faculty,  and  the  vigor- 
ous, accomplished,  and  faithful  men  who  compose 
the  board  of  instruction  have  so  administered  their 
trust  as  to  prepare  their  students  for  and  require 
at  their  hands  a  high  standard  of  excellence  for 
graduation. 

Prominent  among  the  mauy  special  features  of 


RICHMOND 


984 


lilCHATOXD 


the  organization  and  work  of  tiiis  college  is  tlie 
school  of  English,  with  its  separate  professor,  in 
which  our  mother-tongue  is  carefully  and  elabo- 
rately studied. 

The  college  lost  her  library,  museum,  and  appa- 
ratus among  the  other  calamities  of  war,  but  good 
foundations  are  already  laid  for  increased  excel- 
lence in  each  of  these  important  departments.  The 
literary  societies  are  vigorous,  and  encourage  a 
worthy  emulation  in  the  arts  of  writing  and  speak- 
ing among  the  students. 

ENDOWMENT. 

The  property  of  the  corporation  consists  of  a 
most  excellent  plat  of  ground  just  within  the  cor- 
porate limits  of  the  city,  sufficiently  ample  for 
all  needed  improvements.  On  this  campus  there 
are  buildings  well  adapted  to  the  purposes  of  the 
college  and  capable  of  j^et  wider  extension.  Be- 
sides this  realty,  which  is  justly  considered  very 
valuable  and  eminently  adapted  to  its  purpose,  there 
is  an  invested  fund  of  some  $75,000,  whose  income 
is  applied  to  the  purposes  of  education.  The  cor- 
poration is  not  encumbered  by  debt,  the  property  j 
is  clear  and  the  investments  well  placed.  So  that 
it  may  be  justly  seen  that  this  institution,  so  long 
the  pride  and  hope  of  Virginia  Baptists,  is  doing 
the  work  of  a  college,  arid  gives  promise  of  wide 
future  usefulness. 

It  is  important  to  notice  that  amid  all  the  changes 
of  fortune  and  the  gratifying  development  which 
has  marked  its  course,  there  has  been  no  departure 
from  the  plans  and  purposes  of  its  founders.  Min- 
isters of  the  gospel  are  still  and  must  ever  be 
"  privileged  students."  On  the  recommendation 
of  the  Education  Board  of  the  Baptist  General  As- 
sociation of  Virginia,  all  young  men  having  the 
ministry  in  view  are  received  free  of  all  college 
fees.  The  ties  which  bind  the  school  and  the 
churches  of  Virginia  arfe  tender  and  yet  powerful. 
Purely  literary  in  its  work,  yet  eminently  Chris- 
tian in  all  its  influences,  the  college  meets  the  ex- 
pectations and  claims  of  an  enlightened  constitu- 
ency, and  receives  at  their  hands  a  united  and 
cordial  support. 

Richmond  Female  Institute. — This  excellent 
school  for  young  ladies  was  chartered  by  the  Leg- 
islature of  Virginia,  March  2,  1853.  It  was  a 
joint-stock  enterprise,  and  cost,  including  lot, 
building,  and  apparatus,  about  S70,000.  Its  be- 
ginning was  remarkably  successful.  During  its 
first  session  of  1854-55  it  had  191  students,  and 
during  its  second  session  268.  Until  the  war  its 
average  number  of  students  annually  was  about 
2U0,  and  since  that  time  about  100.  The  Rev.  H. 
Manly,  Jr.,  was  its  organizer  and  first  president, 
holding  that  position  during  1854-59.  Prof.  Chas. 
II.  Winston  succeeded  Dr.  Manly,  and  hold  the  po- 


sition of  president  from  1859  to  1873,  during  two 
years  of  wiiich  period,  however, — 1863-65, — the 
school  was  closed  in  consequence  of  the  war.  Prof. 
John  Hart  held  the  presidency  from  1873  to  1878, 
since  which  time  Miss  Sallie  B.  Hamner  has  filled 
the  position  of  principal  most  successfully.  The 
institution  has  been  greatly  impeded  in  its  move- 
ments by  pecuniary  difiiculties,  but  still,  as  an 
educational  enterprise  of  the  denomination,  it  has 
been  of  incalculable  value  to  the  Baptists  of  Rich- 
mond and  of  the  State.  Its  boarding  patronage 
has  fallen  below  the  expectation  of  its  founders, 
because  of  the  competition  of  cheaper  schools  in 
country  districts,  but  it  has  always  commanded  an 
excellent  day  patronage,  and  the  superiority  of  its 
course  of  instruction  has  made  it  an  object  of  in- 
terest and  just  pride  to  the  denomination.  It  has 
usually  had  a  large  number  of  accomplished  in- 
structors, sometimes  as  many  as  twenty,  and  has 
aimed  to  cover  the  whole  period  of  a  girl's  educa- 
tion from  the  most  elementary  studies  of  the  pre- 
paratory school  to  the  most  advanced  branches  of 
the  collegiate  department.  Much  attention  has 
always  been  given  to  music  and  art.  The  insti- 
tute, like  the  University'  of  Virginia,  is  made  up 
of  "schools,"  of  which  there  are  eight ;  and  one 
can  become  a  "  full  graduate"  only  upon  the  com- 
pletion of  all  the  studies  of  all  the  schools,  after  a 
satisfactory  examination.  So  rigid  is  the  course, 
and  so  thorough  the  examination,  that  but  coni- 
pai'atively  few  students  attain  this  honor,  perhaps, 
on  an  average,  only  about  two  each  year.  As  a 
consequence,  the  diploma  of  the  Richmond  Female 
Institute  is  held  in  the  highest  esteem  by  those 
who  have  been  so  faithful  as  to  secure  it. 

Richmond,  Va.,  First  Baptist  Church  of, 
was  constituted  in  1780,  when  Richmond  was  a 
village,  with  a  population  of  about  18tK"l,  half  of 
who'm  were  Africans. 

Its  present  spacious  edifice,  on  the  northwest 
corner  of  Broad  and  Twelfth  Streets,  was  dedi- 
cated Oct.  17,  1841.  It  was  designed  by  Thomas 
U.  Walter,  Esq.,  of  Philadelphia.  In  1858  the 
seating  capacity  of  this  large  meeting-house  had 
to  be  increased  by  adding  to  the  rear  about  four- 
teen feet.  The  original  cost  of  the  building,  and 
its  subsequent  enlargement,  amount  to  §49,000. 

According  to  Dr.  Burrnws  (First  Centenary  of 
the  First  Baptist  Church  of  Richmond,  p.  29), 
"This  church  of  fourteen  members  in  1780  has 
swelled  into  nineteen  churches  in  Richmond  and 
Manchester  in  1880.  with  16,847  members." 

J.  B.  Hawthorne.  D.D.,  is  the  present  pastor  of 
this  vpn(>ra!>]e  mother-church. 

Richmond  Institute,  The,  for  the  training  of 
colored  preachers  and  teachers,  is  located  in  the 
city  of  Richmond,  Va.  The  Rev.  Dr.  Binney, 
under  the  patronage  of  the  American  Baptist  Home 


misT  BAi'Tisr  CHURCH,   Richmond,  va. 


63 


RICHMOND 


986 


RICHMOND 


Mission  Society,  opened  in  November,  1865,  a 
school  in  that  citj'  for  the  preparation  of  colored 
men  for  the  ministry.  lie  began  with  a  class  of 
about  twenty-five,  whom  he  could  instruct  only  at 
night.  lie  remained  in  charge,  however,  but  a 
short  time,  and  soon  after  returned  to  Burmah. 
The  Congress  of  the  United  States  chartered,  May 
10,  1866,  the  National  Theological  Institute  of 
Richmond,  the  object  of  which  was  "  the  judicious 
training  of  men  of  God  for  the  Christian  ministry,"' 
and  this  charter,  by  an  act  passed  May  2,  1867,  was 
amended,  and  the  name  changed  to  that  of  The 
National  Theological  Institute  and  Universitj'.  Of 
this  institution  the  Rev.  J.  D.  Fulton,  D.D.,  was 
made  president,  and  the  Rev.  J.  W.  Parker,  D.D., 
corresponding  secretary.  The  Rev.  N.  Colver, 
D.D.,  of  the  Chicago  Theological  Seminary,  was 
subsequently  invited  to  the  presidency  of  the  in- 
stitute, which  he  accepted,  and  entered  upon  his 
duties  May  13,  1867.  He  leased  for  three  years, 
at  a  rent  of  $3000  per  annum,  the  establishment 
known  as  Lumpkin's  Jail.  The  school  opened  in 
its  new  location  with  about  thirty  pupils,  two-thirds 
of  whom  were  preparing  for  the  ministry.  The 
Rev.  Robert  Ryland  was  associated  with  Dr.  Col- 
ver in  tlie  management  of  the  school  from  Septem- 
ber, 1867,  to  June,  1868,  when  he  resigned.  Dr. 
Colver,  also,  resigned  in  June,  1868,  in  conse- 
quence of  failing  health.  Mr.  Corey,  then  in 
charge  of  a  similar  school  at  Augusta,  Ga.,  was 
invited  to  take  charge  of  the  Richmond  Institute, 
which  invitation  he  accepted,  entering  upon  his 
duties  in  October,  with  Miss  II.  W.  Goodman  as 
chief  assistant.  In  November  and  December  of 
1868  a  ministers'  institute  was  held,  the  principal 
lecturers  being  the  Rev.  Dr.  Parker  and  Mr.  Corey  ; 
it  was  attended  by  eighty-one  ministers  and  church 
officers,  in  addition  to  the  regular  students.  During 
this  -winter  about  sixty  pupils  attended  the  daily 
sessions  of  the  schools,  and  at  night  the  principal 
gave  instruction  to  another  class,  consisting  of 
sixty-eight  men.  In  INIay,  1869,  the  institute  passed 
into  the  hands  of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mis- 
sion Society,  and  since  that  time  has  been  under 
the  care  of  that  society.  On  the  expiration  of  the 
lease  of  Lumpkin's  Jail,  in  1870,  it  became  neces- 
sary to  secure  a  more  permanent  location.  The 
United  States  Hotel,  on  the  corner  of  Nineteenth 
and  Main  Streets,  was  purchased  Jan.  26.  1S70.  and 
in  the  fall  of  the  same  year  it  was  occupied  by  tlie 
school.  This  building  was  erected  in  1818,  and 
was  at  one  time  the  most  fashionable  hotel  in  Rich- 
mond. It  is  four  stories  high,  and  contains  about 
fifty  rooms.  It  is  said  to  have  cost  originally 
$110,000,  and  it  was  purchased  for  $10,000.  The 
))uilding  needed  extensive  repairs,  and  the  students 
collected  for  this  purpose  more  than  SIOOO  from 
the  citizens  of  Richmond,  white  and  colored  ;  they 


also  gave  of  their  own  means,  and  in  addition  ren- 
dered valuable  service  by  their  daily  labor  on  the 
building.  One  hundred  and  two  of  the  students 
subscribed,  each,  $100  to  the  endowment  of  the 
school, — $10,200,  paid  in  monthly  instalments. 
The  entire  amount  expended  in  repairing  the 
building  and  in  fitting  up  the  school-rooms,  up  to 
April  1,  was  upwards  of  $11,000.  The  value  of 
the  building  and  furniture  is  estimated  at  $50,000. 
Since  the  close  of  the  war  about  $80,000  have  been 
expended  in  building  up  the  school  and  in  carrying* 
on  its  work.  Six  hundred  students  have  enjoyed 
its  educational  advantages  for  a  longer  or  shorter 
time.  The  library  contains  about  2200  volumes. 
The  number  of  students  in  the  institute  during 
1878  was  103,  70  of  whom  were  preparing  for  the 
ministry. 

The  school  for  a  time  was  known  as  the  Colver 
Institute,  but  for  satisfactory  reasons  the  inore 
general  name,  the  Richmond  Institute,  was  inserted 
in  the  deed  which  conveyed  .the  property  to  the 
trustees,  and  under  that  name  it  was  incorporated 
by  an  act  passed  by  the  General  Assembly  of  Vir- 
ginia Feb.  10,  1876.  Dr.  Colver's  connection  with 
the  institute  continued  less  than  a  year.  Since 
1868  the  Rev.  C.  H.  Corey,  D.D.,  has  filled  the 
position  of  president.  The  following  persons  have, 
at  different  times,  been  its  instructors :  the  Rev. 
Robert  Ryland,  EtD.,  Miss  II.  W.  Goodman.  Rev. 
S.  J.  Neiley,  Mr.  Sterling  Gardner,  Rev.  J.  E. 
Jones,  Mr.  D.  N.  Vassar.  The  following  students 
have  also  served,  temporarily,  as  teachers:  I.  T. 
Armistead,  Wm.  Cousins,  B.  J.  Medley,  A.  H. 
Cumber,  II.  B.  Bunts,  H.  II.  Johnson,  and  Chas. 
J.  Daniel. 

Eichmond,  Rev.  John  L.,  M.D.,  was  born  in 

Hampshire  Co.,  ^lass.,  April  5.  1785.  He  was 
converted  at  the  age  of  thirteen,  but  did  not  make 
a' profession  of  faith,  because  there  was  no  Baptist 
church  in  the  vicinity.  He  joined  the  Onondaga 
church  in  1802.  He  studied  at  home,  and  gained 
a  considerable  mastery  of  Latin,  Greek,  and  mathe- 
matics. It  was  his  habit  to  read  the  New  Testa- 
ment in  the  Greek.  He  was  ordained  in  1817  at 
Camillus,  N.  Y.  He  became  pastor  of  Ea.st  Fork 
church,  0.,  in  1818,  and  of  Clough  Creek  church 
in  1819.  Having  already  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  medicine,  he  entered  the  Ohio  Medical  College, 
and  graduated  in  1822.  He  became  a  physician 
that  he  might  support  his  family,  while  he 
preached  to  the  feeble  churches.  In  1832  he  re- 
moved to  Cincinnati,  practised  medicine,  lectured 
in  the  Ohio  Medical  College,  and  preached  as  op- 
portunity offered.  In  1824  or  1825  he  performed 
the  "  Ci3esarian  section,"  saving  the  life  of  the 
mother.  This  is  said  to  be  the  first  time  that  the 
operation  was  ever  performed  in  this  country. 
{Indiana   Journal  of  Medicine,   July,    1872,   also 


RICHMOND 


987 


RICKER 


Western  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Physical  Science, 
1830,  vol.  iii.  p.  485.)  In  18."53  he  removed  to 
Pendleton,  Ind.  While  living  here  he  preached 
for  the  churciies  of  Fall  Creek  and  Anderson,  and 
continued  the  practice  of  medicine.  In  June,  1835, 
he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Indianapolis 
Baptist  church,  which,  to  use  his  own  lan^iiuage, 
"contained  at  that  time  about  twenty-six  available 
members."  He  continued  pastor  of  the  church  until 
it  was  united  and  strong,  then  he  resigned,  and  was 
followed  by  Rev.  (1.  C.  Chandler.  In  1840  he  had 
a  paralytic  stroke,  that  forbade  his  further  prac- 
tice of  medicine  for  the  time,  and  in  1847  he  re- 
moved to  Covington,  Ind.,  and  became  a  member 
of  the  family  of  Albert  Henderson,  his  son-in-lavp. 
He  was  a  commissioned  surgeon  in  the  war  of 
1812,  and  was  in  service  on  the  lakes.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  first  meeting  that  was  called  to  or- 
ganize an  Indiana  Baptist  Education  Society,  and 
was  for  several  years  a  member  of  the  board  of  the 
Indiana  Baptist  Manual  Labor  Institute  (after- 
wards Franklin  College).  lie  was  a  member  of 
the  committee  appointed  to  obtain  a  college  char- 
ter. He  loved  to  study,  he  loved  to  preach,  and  he 
proclaimed  Christ  several  times  after  he  became  too 
feeble  to  stand.  One  of  his  remarks,  remembered 
by  his  brethren,  is  that "  twenty  persons  could  sup- 
port a  pastor  if  they  were  willing  and  united,  and  a 
hundred  could  starve  him  as  easily.''  He  died  in 
Covington,  Oct.  12,  1855. 

Richmond,  Va.,  Religious  Herald  of.— In 

the  year  1826  the  Rev.  Henry  Keeling  commenced 
in  Richmond  the  publication  of  a  small  monthly 
magazine,  with  but  few  subscribers.  At  that  time 
there  were  only  four  Baptist  weekly  journals  in 
the  United  States.  The  magazine  was  soon  merged 
in  the  Religious  Herald,  which  made  its  first  ap- 
pearance Jan.  11,  1828.  The  ))lan  of  this  paper 
originated  with  Deacon  Wni.  Crane,  who  invited 
Mr.  Wm.  Sands,  an  English  printer  residing  in 
Baltimore,  to  assist  in  establishing  it.  Of  this 
paper  Keeling  was  the  editor,  Sands  the  printer, 
and  Crane  the  financial  supporter.  It  was  small, 
neat,  and  well  conducted.  After  a  short  time  the 
Rev.  Eli  Ball  became  the  editor,  who  held  the  posi- 
tion, however,  only  a  year  or  two.  The  editorial 
labor  then  devolved  upon  Mr.  Sands,  who,  in  con- 
sequence of  his  experience  and  judgment,  as  well 
as  his  thorough  acquaintance  with  the  denomina- 
tion and  its  wants,  made  the  paper  quite  popular. 
Its  subscribers  gradually  increased  in  number  until, 
in  1857,  owing  to  the  feeble  health  of  Mr.  Sands, 
the  Rev.  David  Shaver  became  associate  editor. 
Dr.  Shaver  wielded  a  polished  and  vigorous  pen, 
and  in  written  argument  had  but  few  equals.  The 
Herald  continued  to  grow  in  favor,  influence,  and 
pecuniary  prosperity  until  the  war.  During  the 
disasters  of  that  period  nearly  every  religious  jour- 


nal in  the  South  was  suspended.  The  Herald  was 
reduced  in  size  to  half  a  sheet,  and  issued  monthly 
or  semi-monthly  ;  and,  on  April  3,  1865,  when 
Richmond  fell,  the  office  of  the  Herald,  with  all  its 
types,  papers,  and  fixtures,  was  burned,  its  mail- 
ing list  only  escaping  the  llanies.  Rev.  J.  B.  Jeter, 
D.I).,  and  I{ev.  A.  E.  Dickinson,  D.D.,  purchased 
the  subscription  list,  issued  a  specimen  number  of 
the  new  series  Oct.  19,  1865,  and  began  its  regular 
publication  on  the  16th  of  the  following  month, 
'{'he  paper  was  greatly  improved  in  every  respect 
under  their  management,  and  was  characterized 
by  an  unusually  moderate,  conservative,  and  dig- 
nified tone.  Its  columns  for  many  years  have 
advocated  peace  within  our  borders,  and  much 
of  the  fraternal  feeling  which  has  grown  up  be- 
tween the  Northern  and  the  Southern  Baptists  since 
the  close  of  the  war  is  due  to  its  kindly  and  judi- 
cious course.  As  a  representative  of  Baptist  doc- 
trine it  stands  among  the  very  foremost.  It  treads 
unfalteringly  the  old  paths,  and  gives  no  uncertain 
sound  in  the  advocacy  of  gospel  truth.  '  Every 
good  cause  receives  its  cordial  and  constant  sup- 
port. The  Rev.  Drs.  Fuller  and  Furman  were,  for 
some  years,  associate  editors  of  the  Herald,  and 
their  elegant  and  vigorous  articles  have  been  read 
with  delight  by  multitudes.  Its  present  associate 
editors  are  the  Rev.  Dr.  Broadus,  of  Louisville ; 
Dr.  Brantly,  of  Baltimore  ;  Dr.  Upham,  of  Boston  ; 
and  Prof  Puryear,  of  Richmond, — all  of  whom 
bring  to  the  pages  of  the  paper  an  experience  in 
authorship,  and  a  brilliancy  and  vigor  of  style,  that 
make  the  Herald  one  of  the  most  attractive  and  in- 
structive of  our  denominational  journals. 

Since  the  death  of  Dr.  Jeter,  Prof  II.  II.  Harris, 
D.D.,  has  become  junior  editor,  and  his  scholarly 
pen  increases  the  attractions  of  the  Herald. 

Ricker,  Joseph,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Parsons- 
field,  Me.,  June  27,  1814.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he 
was  hopefully  converted,  and  was  baptized  by  Rev. 
Willard  Glover,  and  became  a  member  of  the  Par- 
sonsfield  church.  He  graduated  at  Waterville  Col- 
lege, now  Colby  University,  in  the  class  of  1839. 
In  May  of  this  year  he  took  the  editorial  charge 
o{  Zi oil's  Adrocate,  in  Portland,  Me.  Having  con- 
nected himself  with  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Portland,  he  was  licensed  liy  that  church,  in  the 
spring  of  1840,  to  preach  the  gospel.  He  was  or- 
dained as  an  evangelist  May  12,  1842.  and  ac- 
cepted a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  New  Gloucester,  Me.,  entering  upon  his  duties 
Jan.  1,  1843.  lie  remained  in  New  Gloucester  be- 
tween four  and  five  years,  and  then  became  pastor 
of  the  church  in  Belfast.  APe.,  where  he  continued 
until  the  fall  of  1S52,  when  he  removed  to  Woburn, 
Mass.,  to  take  the  pastoral  charge  of  the  church  in 
that  place.  His  relation  with  this  church  continued 
for  more  than  five  years.     Having  resigned,  he  ac- 


RIDDELL 


988 


RILEY 


cepted  an  invitation  to  become  chaplain  of  tlie  ^las- 
sachusetts  State  Prison,  wliich  position  he  held  for 
two  years  and  a  half,  and  then  returned  to  the  pas- 
torate, having  accepted  a  call  from  the  church  in 
Milford,  Mass.,  where  he  reniilined  five  years,  at 
the  end  of  which  time  he  became  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Auirusta,  Me.,  acting  for  two  years — 
1870  and  1871 — as  chaplain  of  the  Maine  Insane 
Hospital. 

For  several  years  Dr.  Ricker  was.  the  correspond- 
ing secretary  of  the  Maine  Baptist  Convention. 
The  duties  of  the  office  requiring  the  services  of 
some  one  all  the  time,  he  resigned  his  pastorate  of 
the  church  in  Augusta,  and  gave  his  entire  energies 
to  the  work  assigned  to  him  by  the  State  Conven- 
tion. In  this  position,  which  he  continues  to  hold, 
he  has  labored  since  Jan.  1,  1872.  Through  his 
life  Dr.  Ricker  has  done  a  large  amount  of  clerical 
vyork,  having  been  the  clerk  of  two  Maine  Associa- 
tions for  fourteen  years  and  of  the  M^ine  Sabbath- 
School  Union  for  five  years.  He  was  the  secretary 
of  the  Massachusetts  BaptistConvention  from  1858 
to  1865,  and  of  the  Maine  Baptist  Convention  from 
1869  to  the  present  time.  He  has  also  been  instru- 
mental in  the  erection  of  several  houses  of  worship, 
and  in  raising  the  necessary  funds  to  enable  more 
than  one  church  to  pay  oft'  its  debts.  To  such  ob- 
jects as  these  he  has  himself  been  a  liberal  donor. 
Colby  University,  of  wliich  Dr.  Ricker  was  made  a 
trustee  in  1849,  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity  in  1868.- 

Riddell,  Mortimer  S.,  D.D.,  was  born  at  East 

Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  May  8,  1827.  His  pious  mother 
consecrated  him. to  the  Christian  ministry  while  he 
was  an  infant.  He  was  converted  and  baptized  at 
the  age  of  fifteen.  He  studied  three  j'ears  at  the 
Hamilton  Academy.  In  1844  became  clerk  in  a 
store  in  Hamilton,  and  subsequently  its  proprietor. 
After  that  he  carried  on  the  same  business  in 
Watertown,  N.  Y.,  for  nine  years.  "  Impressed  by 
the  long-cherished  wish  of  his  mother,  and  by  the 
appeals  of  a  faithful  pastor,"  he  entered  the  theo- 
logical seminary  at  Hamilton  in  1858.  On  his 
graduation  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  church 
at  New  Brunswick,  N,  J.,  and  immediately  en- 
tered the  first  rank  of  preachers  in  that  college 
town.  Of  small  stature  and  delicate  constitution, 
he  had  an  active  brain  and  a  large  heart.  His  at- 
tractive style  of  sermonizing,  clear  and  accurate 
judgment,  strong  sympathy  with  the  people,  and 
full  recognition  of  duty  as  a  Christian  pastor  and 
a  patriotic  citizen,  marked  him  for  a  leader.  In 
social  power,  spiritu.al  earnestness,  and  intellectual 
activity  he  excelled  most  men,  and  his  eight  years' 
pastorate  Avas  full  of  deserved  success.  In  the 
spring  of  1867  there  was  a  precious  revival,  into 
which  Dr,  Iliddell  threw  his  whole  soul.  His  deli- 
cate health  gave  way.     Tliere  were  long  months 


of  absence  for  health.  The  church  showed  great 
kindness  and  afi"ection,  and  only  accepted  his  resig- 
nation after  he  pressed  it  repeatedly.  He  did  not 
long  survive.  Fel).  1,  1870,  he  peacefully  fell 
asleep  at  Ottawa,  Kansas.  His  body  was  sent,  ac- 
cording to  his  wish,-"'  to  lie  among  his  dear  people 
in  New  Brunswick."' 

Madison  University  cqnferred  upon  bim  the 
degi-ee  of  D.D.  in  1867.  Several  of  his  sermons 
and  addresses  were  published  by  request. 

Rigby,  Rev.  N.  L.,  was  bom  in  Skelmersdale, 
Lancashire,  England;  April  21,  1839.  At  the  *age 
of  twelve  he  formed  the  purpose  of  coming  to 
America,  and  on  the  4th  of  April,  1856,  at  the  age 
of  sixteen,  he  started  alone  for  this  country.  Two 
years  later  he  found  Christ,  and  on  the  4th  of 
April,  1858,  he  was  baptized  in  Bloomington,  111. 
In  two  years  more  he  had  his  "commission  to 
preach  the  gospel,"'  and  in  September,  1860,  en- 
tered Shurtlefi"  College,  from  whicii  he  graduated 
in  1866,  and  from  the  seminary  in  1869.  He 
graduated  from  both  institutions  with  honor.  On 
June  25,  1869,  he  was  ordained  at  Fairlmry.  111. 
In  October,  1870.  he  located  as  pastor  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  at  Chetopa,  Kansas.  In  two  years  at  this 
point  he  baptized  seventj^-five  persons,  fifty  of  whom 
were  Delaware  Indians,  living  in  the  Territory. 
On  the  22d  of  June,  1873,  he  became  pastor  of  the 
church  at  AVinfield,  Kansas,  his  present  home.  In 
1876  his  health  failed,  and  since  then  he  has  had 
no  regular  charge. 

RiggS,  Rev.  Bethuel,  a  pioneer  minister  in 
Missouri,  was  born  in  1760,  in  New  Jersey.  Not 
much  is  known  of  his  early  life;  nearly  half  of 
which  was  spent  out  of  Missouri.  AVhen  about 
eighteen  he  enlisted  in  thearmy  to  fight  for  Ameri- 
can independence.  He  married,  early  in  life.  Miss 
Nancy  Lee,  sister  of  a  celebrated  pioneer  Baptist 
minister,  James  Lee,  who  preached  with  his  gun 
by  his  side  when  fearing  an  attack  from  Indians. 
At  the  age  of  eighteen  Bethuel  Riggs  was  con- 
verted, and  became  a  Baptist  minister.  Soon 
after  he  removed  to  North  Carolina,  and  then 
to  Georgia,  where  he  traveled  extensively,  and 
preached  with  great  success.  Subsequently  he 
removed  to  Kentucky,  and  settled  opposite  Cincin- 
nati. In  1809  he  settled  in  Missouri,  and  lived  in 
St.  Charles  County  for  eight  years.  He  thence 
removed  to  Troy,  the  seat  of  Lincoln  County,  near 
a  sulphur  s]iring,  and  a  church  was  organized  in 
1823  at  his  house,  called  after  the  name  of  the 
spring,  and  for  years  he  was  its  pastor.  He  trav- 
eled much  over  AVarren,  St.  Charles.  Lincoln, 
Jlontgomery,  and  Pike  Counties,  preaching  Christ. 
He  finally  removed  to  Monroe  County,  where  he 
dieil,  and  was  buried  beside  his  faithful  wife. 

Riley,  Rev.  Garrard  W.,  has  been  connected 
with  the  Baptist  ministry  of  Illinois  since  the  year 


RILEY 


989 


RIPLEY 


1836,  and  is  therefore  at  the  present  time  one  of 
the  oldest,  as  he  is  one  of  the  most  respected,  min- 
isters in  the  State.  His  father,  Jolin  W.  Kiley,  his 
i:;ran(ifath(;r,  Garrard  Kiley,  and  his  great-grand- 
fath(!r,  Ninian  Kiley,  were  all  earnest  and  useful 
Baptist  ministers  in  Virginia,  Kentucky,  Ohio,  and 
Illinois.  He  is  himself  one  of  four  brothers,  all 
of  whom  are  Baptist  ministers, — Kev.  C.  L.  Riley 
and  Kev.  A.  J.  Kiley  in  Indiana,  Rev.  J.  W.  Riley 
in  California,  himself,  for  a  period  of  forty-four 
years,  in  Illinois.  He  was  horn  Sept.  2,  1813,  and 
was  baptized  at  the  age  of  nineteen  by  Kev.  Aran 
Sargent  into  the  fellowship  of  the  BetliLd  church, 
Clermont  Co.,  O.  In  liS36  ho  was  ordained  as  pas- 
tor of  the  Bloomfield  church,  111.,  where  he  re- 
mained ten  years.  At  that  time  he  removed  to 
Paris,  the  county-seat  of  Edgar  County,  where  he 
enjoyed  a  pastorate  of  marked  success  for  twelve 
years,  the  church,  organized  with  eight  members  at 
the  beginning  of  his  ministry,  growing  to  a  mem- 
bership of  160.  His  work  since  has  been  chiefly 
at  Urbana,  Champaign,  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  and  a 
second  pastorate  at  Paris.  During  his  ministry 
he  has  baptized  more  than  2000  persons,  organized 
about  40  churches,  built  and  dedicated  about  20 
meeting-houses,  his  work  always  branching  out 
from  the  main  points  held  into  the  region  round 
about.  A  man  of  singular  enterprise  and  self-de- 
votion in  his  work,  and  held  in  high  esteem  in 
every  comiiuinity  whore  his  name  is  known. 

Eiley,  Judge  Richard,  was  born  Sept.  14, 

1735.  His  early  life  was  blameless.  In  1765  he 
was  made  a  magistrate,  and  he  held  the  oflSce  until 
our  national  independence  was  declared.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Committee  of  Safety  for  Penn- 
sylvania. He  served  in  the  Legislature  for  two 
terms.  In  1791  he  was  appointed  to  the  office  of 
assistant  judge,  a  permanent  position. 

He  made  a  profession  of  religion  about  1772,  and 
was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  First  Bap- 
tist church  of  Philadelphia.  He  subsequently 
united  with  the  Sansom  Street  church,  and  con- 
tinued in  its  fellowship  till  tiie  formation  of  the 
Marcus  Hook  church,  of  which  he  was  a  constituent 
member,  and  with  it  remained  until  death  opened 
for  him  a  blessed  entrance  into  the  general  as- 
sembly and  church  of  the  first-born  in  glory.  He 
died  Aug.  27,  1820  :  his  venorable  companion  re- 
joined him  in  the  skies  just  one  month  afterwards. 

Judge  Kiley  was  a  great  friend  of  missions,  and 
took  an  active  part  in  the  formation  of  a  local  so- 
ciety to  send  the  gospel  to  the  heathen  before  the 
establishment  of  the  General  Convention.  He  was 
a  man  of  broad  views,  of  great  Ijenevolence,  of  ex- 
tensive information,  and  of  ardent  piety.  His 
connection  with  the  denomination  was  an  honor, 
and  his  influence  on  its  behalf  at  the  mercy-seat  was 
a  power. 


He  endured  with  great  patience  the  weakness 
and  pains  of  a  two  years'  sickness  before  his  death, 
and  he  left  this  for  the  better  world,  cheered  by  the 
holiest  expectations  and  the  sweetest  peace.  The 
Philadelphia  Baptist  Association,  in  its  session  of 
1820,  passed  a  resolution  in  which  it  "condoles 
with  the  church  at  Marcus  Hook  in  the  removal 
of  our  venerable  brother,  Kichard  Riley." 

Ripley,  Henry  Jones,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Bos- 
ton, Jiiii.  2S,  17'.*>^,  and  was  of  a  family  more  than 
one  member  of  which  was  remarkable  for  great 
gentleness  and  sweetness  of  temper  and  manners. 
He  enjoyed  the  best  facilities  which  his  native  city 
afforded  for  the  acquisition  of  a  thorough  prepara- 
tory education  to  fit  him  for  college.  To  say  of 
him  that  he  was  a  ''  medal  scholar"  of  the  Boston 
Latin  School,  anil  was  fitted  to  enter  Harvard  Uni- 
versity at  the  early  age  of  fourteen,  is  to  speak  in  high 
terms  of  his  scholarship.  It  was  safe  to  predict  that, 
if  his  life  should  be  spared,  he  would  win  distinction 
in  whatever  profession  he  might  select  as  his  call- 
ing in  life.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  University 
in  1816,  and  soon  after,  having  become  a  hopeful 
Christian,  he  repaired  to  the  Andover  Theological 
Institution  to  fit  himself  for  the  work  of  the 
Christian  ministry.  At  the  close  of  his  Andover 
course  he  was  ordained  as  an  evangelist  in  the 
Baldwin  Place  church,  Boston,  Nov.  7,  1819,  and 
commenced  his  ministry  among  the  colored  people 
in  Georgia.  After  some  months  of  evangelical 
labor  in  the  South  he  returned  North,  and  for  a 
year  preached  in  Eastport,  Me.  Prevented  by  the 
severity  of  the  climate  from  making  a  permanent 
settlement  in  Eastport,  he  returned  once  more  to 
Georgia,  and  for  nearly  five  years  labored  most 
faithfully  in  that  section,  until  an  invitation  was 
extended  to  him  to  become  Professor  of  Biblical  Lit- 
erature and  Pastoral  Duties  in  the  Newton  Theo- 
logical Institution.  Such  a  call  brought  him  back 
to  the  scenes  and  associations  of  his  younger  days, 
and  ho  was  not  uiwvilling  to  respond  affirmatively 
to  it.  He  entered  upon  his  work  as  professor  at 
Newton  in  1826,  and  remained  in  the  institution 
until  his  resignation  in  I860,  a  period  of  thirty- 
four  years.  He  did  not  confine  himself  to  the 
special  department  of  which  he  had  been  called  to 
take  the  charge,  but  as,  from  time  to  time,  emer- 
gencies arose,  he  took  his  classes  over  ground  out- 
side of  his  a{)pointed  field  of  labor.  "  By  a  careful 
survey  of  his  professional  life,"  says  Dr.  Stearns, 
"  it  appears  that  he  taught  more  or  less  in  every 
department  of  the  institution's  curriculum.  He 
did  this  diligently  and  laboriously."  While  he  was 
performing  the  duties  of  his  office,  his  bus}'  pen 
was  at  work  on  the  magazine  and  review  articles, 
and  on  the  more  elaborate  volumes  which  he  com- 
mitted to  the  press.  Among  the  latter  which  have 
been  received  with  much  favor,  not  only  by  his  own 


RIPLEY 


990 


RIPPON 


denomination  but  bj  Christian  scholars  of  other 
names,  we  mention  his  "  Notes  on  the  Four  Gos- 
pels," "  Notes  on  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles,"  "Notes 
on  the  Epistle  to  the  Romans,"  '.'  Notes  on  the  Epis- 
tle to  the  Hebrews,  with  new  translation,"  "  Sacred 
Rhetoric;  Composition  and  Delivery  of  Sermons," 
and  "Church  Polity;  a  Treatise  on  Christian 
Churches  and  the  Christian  Ministry." 

Several  years  were  passed  in  the  quiet  of  his 
study,  after  his  resignation,  devoted  to  literary  work. 
His  old  love  for  the  colored  people  of  Georgia  seems 
to  have  been  again  awakened,  and  he  accepted  an 
appointment  which  carried  him  back  again  to 
Georgia,  where  he  labored  with  great  zeal  and 
fidelity  the  better  part  of  a  year,  when  be  returned 
once  more  to  his  beloved  Newton  home,  never  again 
to  leave  it.  He  found  most  congenial  employment 
in  the  institution  library,  for  which  he  cherished 
an  affection  bordering  on  that  which  a  mother  feels 
for  the  child  of  her  love  and  care.  He  labored  in 
many  ways  to  increase  its  efficiency  and  make  it 
a,  model  of  what  the  library  of  a  theological  insti- 
tution should  be;  and  in  this  he  was  singularly 
successful,  and  if  Newton  may  boast  of  its  well- 
selected  collection  of  some  of  the  best  books  in  all 
the  departments  of  Biblical  science,  she  will  never 
forget  the  mind  and  the  heart  which  had  so  much 
to  do  in  making  the  library  what  it  now  is. 

Dr.  Ripley  died  at  his  residence  at  Newton  Cen- 
tre, the  modest,  unpretending  home  which  his  pupils 
so  well  remember.  May  21,  1875,  having  reached 
the  ripe  and  well-rounded  age  of  seventy-seven 
years  and  four  months.  His  memory  is  very  fra- 
grant in  the  hearts  of  hundreds  who  knew  him  but 
to  love  and  revere  him, 

Eipley,  Rev.  Thomas  Saldwin,  was  born  in 

Boston,  Mass.,  Nov.  25,  1795.  Like  his  brother, 
Prof.  Henry  J.  Ripley,  he  received  his  early  training 
in  the  excellent  schools  of  Boston,  and  graduated  at 
Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1814.  He  was  a 
pupil  of  Rev.  Dr.  Staughton,  of  Philadelphia,  for 
one  year,  and  then  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Portland,  Me.,  July  24, 
1816,  and  for  twelve  years  held  the  office  to  which 
he  had  been  chosen.  His  labors  were  much  blessed 
in  the  conversion  of  sinners  and  the  building  up 
of  the  church.  From  Portland  he  was  called  to 
take  charge  of  the  First  Baptist  cliurch  in  Bangor, 
Me.  Here  he  remained  for  five  years.  On  leaving 
Bangor  he  supplied  for  a  time  two  or  three  churches, 
his  connection  with  them  all  being  a  com)iarutively 
short  one,  and  then  removed  to  Nashville,  Tenn. 
He  preached  for  a  brief  period  in  several  places  in 
the  Southwest,  and  then  came  back  to  New  Eng- 
land and  passed  the  remainder  of  his  days  in  Port- 
land, Jle.,  where,  among  his  old  parishioners  and 
friends,  he  came  to  be  recognized  by  the  affectionate 
name  of  "  Father  Ripley."     As  a  city  missionary 


he  rendered  an  acceptable  service  in  the  place  of 
his  former  residence,  and,  respected  and  beloved  by 
the  community  in  which  he  had  lived  so  many 
years,  he  at  length  passed  away  on  the  4th  of  May, 
1876. 

Mr.  Ripley  was  a  man  of  almost  childlike  guile- 
lessness  and  transparency  of  character.  He  loved 
the  cause  of  Christ  with  a' strength  and  tenderness 
of  affection  seldon)  equaled.  He  lived  to  do  good 
and  to  commend  the  gospel  to  others  by  his  holy 
teachings  and  his  pure,  blameless  life.  He  walked 
among  men,  his  head  always  lifted  upward,  literally 
as  well  as  spiritually,  as  if  in  the  clouds  he  saw  the 
gates  of  the  celestial  city,  and,  "a  pilgrim  and 
stranger"  here,  was  hastening  thither.  For  more 
than  eighty  years  his  INIaster  kept  him  here,  and 
alwa3's  found  some  congenial  work  for  him  to  do. 
The  church  of  God  is  the  richer  fur  such  men.  So 
much  real  goodness  in  this  wicked  world  could  be 
no  other  than  a  blessing  to  humanity  and  a  glory 
to  him  whose  divine  nature  w£fs  so  largely  repro- 
duced in  one  of  whom  it  could  so  truly  be  said, 
'■  he  walked  with  God,  and  he  Avas  not,  for  God 
took  him." 

Rippon,  John,  L.D.,  was  bom  at  Tiverton,  in 
Devonshire,  England,  in  1751.  When  about  six- 
teen years  of  age  he  was  called  by  divine  grace  to 
follow  Jesus.  When  a  little  over  seventeen  he  en- 
tered Bristol  Baptist  College.  When  about  twenty- 
one  he  became  the  successor  of  the  great  Dr.  Gill, 
in  London.  Mr.  Rippon  had  neither  the  talents 
nor  the  learning  of  his  illustrious  predecessor,  but 
he  was  bold,  witty,  and  ready  in  speech :  his 
"  preaching  was  lively,  affectionate,  and  impres- 
sive ;"  his  administration  of  church  affairs  was 
marked  by  great  prudence,  and  he  soon  became 
very  popular.  The  church  edifice  was  enlarged, 
and  the  community  over  which  he  presided  was- 
"  one  of  the  wealthiest,"  according  to  Spurgeon, 
"  within  the  pale  of  Nonconformity."  Dr.  Rippon 
was  a  great  friend  of  missions,  and  his  church 
gave  large  sums  to  the  home  and  foreign  Baptist 
missionar}'  societies. 

He  projected  and  edited  the  Baptist  Register,  to 
give  our  brethren  in  Europe  and  America  an  organ 
through  which  they  might  address  each  other. 

Dr.  Rippon  was  engaged  in  preparing  a  work 
coDimemorating  the  saintly  worthies  who  were  in- 
terred in  Bunhiil  Fields,  but  the  book  never  was 
published.  His  plan  embraced  the  records  on  every 
stone.  J.  A.  Jones,  in  his  "Bunhiil  Memorials," 
in  which  he  gives  sketches  of  three  hundred  min- 
isters and  other  persons  of  note  buried  in  Bunhiil 
Fields,  produced  probably  a  much  more  valuable 
book  than  Dr.  Rippon's  time  would  have  permitted 
him  to  write. 

Dr.  Rippon  is  best  known  by  his  "  Selection  of 
Hymns."     This  work  for  a  long  period,  with  the 


RITNER 


991 


ROBERT 


hymns  of  Dr.  Watts,  wiis  used  in  IJiiptist  churches. 
Mr.  Spur<;eon  says  that  liis  "  '  Selection  of  Hymns' 
was  an  estate  to  him."  And  he  adds,  "  In  his  later 
days  he  was  evidently  in  very  comfortable  circum- 
stances, for  we  have  often  heard  mention  of  his 
carriajfe  and  pair." 

lie  was  a  friend  to  America  in  the  Kevolutioiiary 
struggle,  as  the  Englisii  Baptists  fienerally  were. 

lie  was  pastor  of  the  community  now  worshipping 
in  the  Metropolitan  Tabernacle,  over  which  Rev. 
C.  H.  Spurjreon  at  present  presides,  from  1773  to 
1836.  a  period  of  sixty-three  years. 

Ritner,  Rev.  I.  Newton,  was  born  near  Mal- 
vern, Pa.,  Fe)).  2l2,  1S41.  "  Born  again"  in  De- 
cember, 1857,  during  revival  meetings  held  at  a 
Lutheran  church.  Declined  to  be  sprinkled  on 
account  of  Bible  convictions,  and  was  subse- 
quently baptized  in  Philadelphia  by  Rev.  Dr.  D. 
B.  Cheney,  April  4,  1S.5S.  Ills  father  was  baptized 
at  the  same  time,  he  having  been  led  to  accept 
Christ  through  words  written  by  the  son.  Was 
educated  for  a  business  life,  but  was  diligent  in 
labors  for  souls  in  connection  with  business  pur- 
suits. Declined  an  offer  to  provide  for  his  liberal 
education  on  condition  of  entering  the  Presbyte- 
rian ministry.  Entered  the  army  in  ISGI,  and  be- 
came brevet  captain  "  for  faithful  and  meritorious 
services.''  After  four  years  of  service  he  returned 
to  Philadelphia,  and  became  book-keeper  in  a  large 
mercantile  house.  United  with  the  Fifth  church, 
and  soon  gathered  a  large  and  interesting  Bible- 
class,  more  than  forty  of  whom  were  led  to  Christ. 
He  also  served  as  deacon  and  trustee.  During  the 
summer  of  1873  he  was  impressed  with  the  thought 
that  the  Lord  desired  him  to  preach  the  gospel. 
With  his  slowly  and  prayerfully  reached  convic- 
tions he  found  the  church  in  hearty  accord,  and  he 
was  ordained  Feb.  12,  1874.  He  began  his  minis- 
try first  as  "  stated  supply,''  then  as  pastor  of  the 
Eleventh  church,  Philadelphia,  in  whose  meeting- 
house he  had  previously  put  on  Christ  by  baptism. 
In  this  field  of  labor  he  continues  to  glorify  God 
in  both  body  and  spirit.  He  is  a  faithful,  con- 
scientious, self-sacrificing  servant  of  the  Lord 
Jesus,  and  his  labors  are  marked  with  manifold 
tokens  of  divine  favor.  He  has  served  us  secre- 
tary of  the  Philadelphia  Conference  of  Baptist  Min- 
isters since  187o,  and  is  associated  with  his  breth- 
ren in  other  important  trusts. 

River  Baptisms  in  Venerable  Bede's  Eccle- 
siastical History. — This  distinguished  Chris- 
tian, the  first  Englisli  historian,  died  in  735.  His 
"  Church  History"  gives  an  account  of  the  conver- 
sion of  the  "Angles,  Jutes,  and  Saxons,"  his  Eng- 
lish fathers.  In  it  he  says,  "  Paulinus,  coming 
with  the  king  and  queen  of  the  Northumbrians  to 
the  royal  country-seat  of  Adgfrin  (Yeverin,  in 
Glendale),  stayed  there  with  them  thirty-six  days, 


fully  occupied  in  catechising  and  bai)tizing,  during 
which  days,  from  morning  till  night,  he  did 
nothing  else  but  instruct  the  people  resorting  from 
all  the  villages  and  places  in  Christ's  saving  Word, 
and  when  instructed  they  wei-e  washed  (abluere)  in 
the  river  Glen,  which  was  near  by,  with  the  water 
of  absolution.  These  things."  he  says,  "  lia[i|iened 
in  the  province  of  the  Bernicians  ;  but  in  that  of 
the  Deiri  also,  where  he  was  accustomed  often  to 
be  with  the  king,  he  baptized  in  the  river  Swale 
(in  Sualo  fluvio),  which  flows  past  the  village  of 
(,'ataract"  (Carrick,  in  Yorkshire).  He  speaks  also 
of  an  old  man  who  said  that  "  he  and  a  great  mul- 
titude were  baptized  at  noonday  in  the  presence  of 
King  Edwin  in  the  river  Trent  by  the  bishop, 
Paulinas'"  {in  fluvio  Treenta).  (Eccles.  Ilist.,  lib. 
ii.  14,  p.  105;  lib.  ii.  16.  p.  107.  Oxonii,  184G.) 
Paulinus,  like  John  an<l  the  Jordan,  used  tiie  flow- 
ing river  for  his  font. 

Robbins,  A.  C,  deawjn  of  the  First  Baptist 
churcii,  Yarmouth,  Nova  Scotia,  was  born,  Oct.  19, 
1819,  in  Chebogue,  Yarmouth  Co.,  Nova  Scotia; 
is  one  of  Y^irmouth's  largest  and  wealthiest  ship- 
owners and  most  influential  citizens.  In  1876, 
Mr.  Robbins  contributed  $10,000  towards  the  en- 
dowment of  Aeiidia  College. 

Robert,  Rev.  Baynard  C,  a  pioneer  preacher 
in  Rapides  Parish,  La.,  was  born  in  South  Caro- 
lina in  1800.  He  came  to  Louisiana  in  1818  ;  was 
ordained  in  1S21, — the  second  Baptist  minister 
ever  ordained  in  the  State.  He  was  a  man  of  in- 
telligence and  ability,  and  was  instrumental  in 
founding  many  churches  in  his  region.  He  was 
often  moderator  of  the  Louisiana  Association.  He 
died  in  1865. 

Robert,  Maj.  Henry  Martyn,  U.S.A.,  is  a 

native  of  Robertville,  Beaufort  District,  now 
Hampton  Co..  S.  C,  where  he  was  born  May  2, 
1837.  His  father  is  Rev.  -loseph  T.  Robert,"Sr., 
LL.D.,  president  of  Atlanta  Baptist  Theological 
Seminary.  His  mother,  who  has  been  dead  several 
years,  was  a  descendant  of  the  well-known  Lawton 
family  of  South  Carolina,  being  a  daughter  of  Gen. 
Lawton,  U.S.A.,  for  many  years  commander  at 
West  Point.  Maj.  Robert's  paternal  ancestors 
were  French  Huguenots,  who  settled  in  his  native 
town  and  gave  it  its  name  in  1680.  His  paterniil 
grandfather  was  an  Episcopal  clergyman,  but  be- 
came a  Baptist,  ami  with  him  the  Baptist  element 
in  the  family  begins.  When  thirteen  years  (f 
age  Henry  made  a  public  profession  of  religion, 
and  was  baptized  by  his  father  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Portsmouth,  0.,  of 
which  he  was  then  pastor.  Having  completed  his 
primary  education,  and  having  spent  one  year  at 
Denison  University,  he  entered  AVest  Point  Mili- 
tai-y  Academy  in  1853,  when  sixteen  years  of  age. 
lie  graduated  at  twenty,  the  youngest  member  of 


ROBERT 


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ROBERT 


his  class.  lie  received  his  coininission  with  the 
rank  of  lieutenant  in  the  corps  of  engineers. 
U.S.A.,  in  which  he  has  served  ever  since.  After 
j^raduating  he  was  appointed  assistant  professor 
of  Natural  Piiilosophy  at  Wes't  Point,  and  subse- 
quently he  was  transferred  to  the  department  of 
Practical  Engineering.  In  1858  he  was  ordered  to 
'the  Department  of  the  Pacific,  and  stationed  at 
Fort  Vancouver,  Washington  Territoi'y.  During 
the  critical  period  of  the  Northwest  l)oundary  diffi- 
culty Ijetween  our  country  and  Great  Britain,  Maj. 
Robert  was  put  in  charge  of  the  defenses  and  troops 
on  San  Juan  Island. 

When  the  civil  war  broke  out  Maj.  Robert,  al- 
though of  Southern  birth,  and  although  all  his  rel- 
atives resided  in  the  South,  and  were  in  sympathy 
M'ith  Southern  sentiments,  hesitated  not  a  moment 
as  to  his  duty.  He  heartily  espoused  the  Union 
cause,  and  devoted  his  services  to  the  government 
which  had  educated  him,  and  which  Jie  loved.  He 
served  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  McClellan,  the  com- 
mander of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  He  had 
charge  of  building  the  fortifications  around  Wash- 
ington. During  this  service  his  health  was  so 
seriously  prostrated  as  to  require  less  fatiguing 
duty,  and  he  was  accordingly  transferred  to  Phila- 
delphia, to  erect  fortifications  for  that  city,  and 
subsequently  he  had  charge  of  a  similar  service  at 
New  Bedford,  Mass. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  he  was  again  placed  at  the 
head  of  the  department  of  Practical  Military  Engi- 
neering at  West  Point.  In  1867  he  was  assigned  to 
the  Military  Department  of  the  Pacific,  serving  as 
chief  engineer  on  the  staflf  of  Maj. -Gens.  Ilalleck, 
Thomas,  and  Schofield,  successively.  In  1871  he 
was  put  in  chai-ge  of  the  fortifications,  light-houses, 
and  river  and  harbor  improvements  in  Oregon  and 
Washington  Territories,  \yith  headquarters  at  Port- 
land. In  1873  he  was  transferred  to  Milwaukee, 
Wis.,  and  put  in  charge  of  a  like  service  on  Lake 
Michigan.  He  has  in  charge  all  the  government 
improvements  and  expenditures  on  Lake  Superior, 
except  at  Duluth  and  Superior  City,  and  all  the 
western  shore  of  Lake  Michigan  north  of  Mil- 
waukee. 

Maj.  Robert  is  the  author  of  the  article  on  Par- 
liamentai-y  Law  in  "  Appleton's  American  Cyclo- 
pedia," and  of  "  Robert's  Rules  of  Order,"'  a 
standard  authority  on  parliamentary  law,  used  as 
a  text-book  in  many  of  the  schools  and  colleges  of 
the  country,  and  adopted  by  many  of  the  most  im- 
poi'tant  civil  and  religious  deliberative  bodies.  He 
is  also  the  author  of  "  An  Index  to  the  Reports 
of  the  Chief  Engineers  of  U.S.A.  on  River  and 
Harbor  Improvements,"'  being  an  analytical  and 
topical  index  to  the  pul)lic  documents  relating  to 
the  system  of  internal  imjirovcments  carried  on 
by  the  U.  S.  government.     He  is  the  author  of  the 


very  complete  system  of  statistical  blanks  for  the 
use  of  Baptist  State  Conventions,  Associations, 
ciiurches,  and  Sunday-schools,  together  with  a 
ciiurch  record  to  be  used  in  connection  with  the 
blanks,  all  of  which  he  prepared  as  a  gratuitous 
service  fur  the  Wisconsin  Baptist  State  Conven- 
tion, and  which  has  resulted  in  great  denomina- 
tional efficiency,  and  which  he  has  just  placed  at 
the  disposal  of  the  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society  for  future  publication  for  the  Baptist  de- 
nomination throughout  the  land. 

As  a  Christian,  Maj.  Robert  is  an  earnest  worker 
in  the  church  pf  which  he  is  a  member,  and  in 
the  denomination,  notwithstanding  the  numerous 
duties  and  responsibilities  connected  with  his  offi- 
cial position,  without  neglecting  a  single  one  of 
which  he  has  alw.ays  found  time  to  devote  to  the 
intei'ests  of  his  church  and  the  claims  of  his  Mas- 
ter. In  the  Grand  Avenue  Baptist  church,  Mil- 
waukee, of  which  he  is  a  member,  he  is  chairman 
of  the  board  of  trustees,  one  af  the  deacons,  and 
superintendent  of  the  Sund.ay-school.  He  is  a 
decided  Baptist,  and  insists  with  military  pre- 
cision that  everything  in  the  conduct  of  the 
church  shall  be  according  to  Scriptural  Baptist 
faith  and  practice.  Though  sometimes  supposed 
to  be  a  little  rigid, — a  quality  of  character  acquired 
in  his  long  military  experience. — he  is  of  a  most 
kind  and  generous  y)irit,  and  always  wise  in  coun- 
sel. In  the  denomination  in  the  State  his  labors 
are  invaluable.  He  is  an  active  member  of  the 
board  of  the  State  Convention  and  of  its  Execu- 
tive Committee.  In  the  Bible-school  work  he  is 
one  of  the  soundest  thinkers  and  most  thorough 
workers  in  the  State. 

Robert,  Rev.  Joseph  T.,  LL.D.,  president  of 
the  Atlanta  Baptist  Seminar}*.  Ga.,  an  institution 
for  the  classical  and  theological  instruction  of  col- 
ored people  of  both  sexes,  wasborn  at  Robertville, 
S.  C,  Nov.  28,  1807.  He  received  his  ante-col- 
legiate education  in  that  place,  and  there  he  pro- 
fessed conversion  and  was  baptized,  in  October. 
1822.  In  Febrtiar}',  182'),  he  entered  Columbian 
College,  at  Wasliington,  D.  C,  Avhere  he  studied 
some  time,  taking  the  very  first  rank  in  his  classes, 
and  he  was  graduated  with  the  first  honors  of  his 
class  at  Brown  University,  R.  I.,  in  1828.  He  was 
a  resident  graduate  and  medical  student  at  Yale 
College,  New  Haven,  during  the  years  1829  and 
183U.  In  1830  he  returned  to  his  native  State 
and  entered  the  South  Carolina  Medical  College, 
graduating  the  following  year.  1831.  In  1832  he 
was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Robertville  church, 
arid  then  went  to  Furman  Tlieological  Seminary, 
in  order  thorougiily  to  prepare  for  the  ministry,  in 
1832,  remaining  two  years.  He  was  ordained  pas- 
tor of  the  Robertville  church  in  1834.  but  removed 
to  Kentucky  in  1839  to  become  pastor  of  the  Bajv 


ROBERTS 


993 


ROBERTS 


tist  church  at  Covirmtoii  ;  at'terwanls.  in  IS41,  he 
took  charge  of  the  Leljauon  Ba|itist  cliurch,  in 
Kentucky.  About  1848  he  returned  South  and 
took  charge  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Sa- 
vannah. Ga.,  where  he  resided  a  year  or  two. 
But  in  1850  he  was  called  to  the  Portsnioath  church, 
O.,  continuing  in  that  position  until  lsr)S,  when  he 
became  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Natural 
Science  in  Burlington  University,  Iowa.  In  1864 
he  was  secured  by  the  Iowa  State  University  as 
Professor  of  Languages,  but  accepted  the  presidency 
of  Burlington  University  in  18(39.  The  necessity 
for  returning  to  a  milder  climate  carried  him  to 
Georgia  in  October,  1870,  and  in  July,  1871,  he 
accepted  the  care  of  the  Augusta  Institute  for  col- 
ored ministers,  a  school  established  by  the  Home 
Mission  Society  of  the  Northern  Baptists.  The 
institute  vi-as  removed  to  Atlanta  in  1879  and  in- 
corporated with  the  Atlanta  Baptist  Seminary, 
under  the  presidency  of  Dr.  Robert.  In  this  po- 
sition he  is  exerting  a  great  influence  for  good  and 
is  doing  a  most  invaluable  work.  A  scholar  of  the 
highest  order  and  a  perfect  Christian  gentleman, 
he  is  admirably  adapted  to  his  position,  and  it  is 
doubtful  if  a  better  .selection  could  be  made.  Dr. 
Robert  is  of  Huguenot  descent.  As  a  preacher 
and  theologian  he  is  sound  and  learned,  and  as 
a  scholar  he  possesses  a  wide  proficiency. 

Roberts,  Rev.  Benjamin,  was  born  in  North 
Carolina,  .July  21,  1794.  He  removed  to  Georgia 
when  quite  young ;  was  baptized  in  1822  by  Rev. 
Jas.  Barnes,  and  was  received  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  Beulah  church,  which  he  afterwards  served, 
as  pastor,  for  twenty-three  years  consecutively. 
Shortly  after  his  baptism  he  was  chosen  clerk  of 
the  church,  and  the  ne.xt  year  was  ordained  a  dea- 
con. In  a  few  years  he  was  licensed  to  preach, 
and  in  August,  1829,  was  ordained  to  the  full  work 
•of  the  ministry.  He  was  most  widely  known  as 
clerk  of  the  Washington  Association,  in  which 
capacity  he  served  during  almost  the  entire  period 
of  his  ministry,  exerting  a  wide  and  very  beneficial 
influence.  He  was  a  man  of  few  words,  Init  they 
were  always  to  the  point,  his  chief  characteristics 
being  simplicity  and  meekness. 

Roberts,  Rev.  Joseph,  was  born  in  Virginia 
in  the  year  177U.  Some  time  about  the  close  of  the 
last  century  he  left  his  native  State  in  company 
with  his  father  and  settled  on  Little  River,  Greene 
Co.,  Ga.  He  had  married  before  leaving  Virginia, 
l)ut  had  lost  his  wife,  and  therefore  resided  with 
his  father  for  some  years  ;  Ijut  at  that  time  neither 
he  nor  any  of  the  family  cared  for  religion, 
l)eing  intent  upon  the  world  and  its  pleasures  and 
follies.  Arrested  in  his  wild  career  by  the  grace 
of  God  in  the  year  1803,  .Mr.  Roberts  united  with 
the  church  at  Whatley's  Mills,  now  Bethesda,  and 
at  once  took  a  high  stand  as  a  member,  attending 


the  Georgia  Association  as  a  delegate  in  1804.  He 
married  in  1805,  and  settled  in  Powelton,  Hancock 
Co.,  where  he  was  the  companion  and  fellow-laborer 
of  William  Rabun,  the  two  representatives  for  a 
number  of  years  of  the  Powelton  church  in  the 
Association.  He  soon  manifested  the  possession 
of  decided  ministerial  talents,  and  in  1811  was  li- 
censed to  preach  ;  two  or  three  years  afterwards 
he  was  ordained,  and  immediately  entered  upon  a 
course  of  extensive  and  useful  labor.  The  churches 
at  Powelton,  Horeb,  Bethel,  and  White  Plains,  be- 
sides others,  enjoyed  the  benefits  of  his  ministry, 
the  last  mentioned,  perhaps,  sharing  most  largely 
in  his  godly  labors.  For  eighteen  consecutive  years 
he  preached  to  the  White  Plains  church,  being 
much  esteemed  by  it  and  by  all  the  other  churches 
he  served.  Few  ministers  possessed  to  the  extent 
he  did  the  faculty  of  endearing  their  people  to 
them,  and  this,  perhaps,  was  one  secret  of  his  use- 
fulness. The  doctrines  of  grace  were  his  delight, 
and  furnished  the  staple  of  his  sermons;  yet,  like 
Paul,  he  dwelt  much  upon  practical  godliness.  He 
ended  his  useful  life  on  the  22d  of  October,  1837, 
in  the  sixty-seventh  year  of  his  age. 

Roberts,  Rev.  McCord,  was  born  in  Wilkes- 
borough,  Wilkes  County,  N.  C,  March  28,  1810. 
He  became  early  inclined  to  close  study,  a  habit 
which  he  has  always  cultivated,  and  has  become 
one  of  the  best  thinkers  of  fais  day.  He  was  at 
first  a  Methodist  minister  for  twenty  years,  and 
has  preached  for  thirty  years  in  the  Baptist  de- 
nomination. He  was  very  popular  among  the 
Methodists,  and  he  is  no  less  so  among  the  Baptists. 
He  is  a  man  of  rare  attainments,  especiall}'  in 
metaphysics. 

He  has  shunned  the  walks  in  life  which  bring 
men  into  prominence.  His  career  has  been  re- 
markably useful ;  he  is  most  favorably  known 
throughout  the  State  of  Missouri  and  in  the  South- 
west. Men  of  talent  and  education  respect  and 
honor  him,  and  the  people  are  glad  to  hear  him. 

His  labors  have  been  great  and  self-denying  for 
the  cause  of  Christ  in  Missouri.  He  is  deeply  in- 
terested in  education.  He  now  resides  in  Bolivar, 
and  is  one  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  South- 
west Baptist  College  located  there. 

Roberts,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  born  in  Wales  on 
.June  12,  1783  ;  came  to  this  country  in  1803  ;  was 
baptized  in  New  York  by  Rev.  John  Stephens, 
March  8,  1807.  When  speaking  of  that  going  down 
into  the  East  River,  he  said,  "  God  be  thanked 
that  a  creature  so  unworthy  was  permitted  to  fol- 
low his  Ijlessed  Son."  He  studied  under  Dr. 
Staughton,  and  in  1814  became  pastor  of  the  church 
at  Great  Valley,  Pa.  After  remaining  there  for 
seven  years  he  became  a  missionary  to  the  Chero- 
kees.  In  1825  he  took  charge  of  the  church  at 
Middletown,  N.  .J.,  where  for  thirteen  years  he  was 


ROBERTS 


994 


ROBINS 


wonderfully  blessed  in  bringing  hundreds  to  Christ 
and  in  building  up  the  church.  After  serving  in 
New  York  and  Pennsylvania,  he  returned  to  Mon- 
mouth Co.,  N.  J.,  and  preached  as  long  as  the  bur- 
dens of  age  would  permit.  At  eighty-two  he  passed 
peacefully  away.  The  gentle,  loving  spirit  of  Mr. 
Roberts  enabled  him  to  be  very  useful  in  settling 
difficulties,  and  his  Welsh  fervor,  combined  with  an 
unusual  power  of  illustration,  made  him  very  popu- 
lar as  a  preacher.  After  his  death  a  volume  con- 
taining some  of  his  sermons  was  published,  and 
several  articles  of  his  appeared  in  periodicals  while 
he  was  yet  living. 

Roberts,  Rev.  W.  S.,  pastor  of  the  Spruce 
Street  Baptist  church,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  was  born 
in  New  Carlisle,  Clarke  Co.,  0.,  April  1,  1846. 
His  father,  bearing  the  same  name,  was  an  honored 
Baptist  minister ;  two  younger  brothers  are  in  the 
same  holy  calling, — Rev.  Charles  B.  Roberts  is 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Er»glewood,  111., 
and  Rev.  John  E,  Roberts  serves  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Kansas  City,  Mo.- 

William  commenced  his  higher  studies  at  Kala- 
mazoo, and  completed  them  at  Shurtleff  College, 
in  the  literary  course  in  1872,  and  in  the  theologi- 
cal department  in  1875.  lie  was  ordained  as  pastor 
of  the  church  in  Janesville,  Wis.,  in  July,  1875. 
He  retained  this  position  for  three  years,  during 
which  the  church  enjoyed  much  spiritual  pros- 
perity and  removed  a  burdensome  debt.  He  en- 
tered upon  his  present  charge  July  1,  1878. 

In  each  of  his  fields  of  labor  Mr.  Roberts  suc- 
ceeded some  of  the  most  distinguished  ministers  in 
the  Baptist  denomination.  Mr.  Roberts  is  a  man 
of  culture,  a  student,  a  fiiithful  pastor,  and  an  able 
preacher.  He  possesses  much  of  the  spirit  of  his 
loving  Master,  and  he  enjoys  the  affection  of  his 
own  people  and  of  all  his  brethren  in  the  min- 
istry. 

Robertson,  Rev.  Norvell,  an  eminent  Missis- 
sippi minister,  the  author  of  an  excellent  "  Hand- 
Book  of  Theology," -was  bonj  in  Georgia  in  1796. 
His  father,  also  named  Norvell,  was  a  Baptist 
preacher,  who  spent  fifty-one  years  in  the  ministry 
in  Georgia  and  Mississippi,  and  died  at  the  ad- 
vanced age  of  ninet3'-one  years.  His  distinguished 
son  professed  Christ  in  1830.  and  was  ordained  in 
1833.  He  was  soon  called  to  take  charge  of  the 
Leaf  River  Baptist  church,  where  he  continued  as 
pastor  to  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1879,  about  forty- 
five  years,  steadily  refusing  the  most  tempting 
ofiers  to  leave  this  country  church.  His  "Hand- 
Book  of  Theology"'  is  a  lasting  monument  to  his 
m^moi'y. 

Robey,  Rev.  Geo.  W.,  pastor  at  Bedford.  Iowa. 
was  born  May  27,  1838,  in  Marion  Co.,  Mo.  His 
father  was  an  infidel,  his  mother  was  a  member  of 
the  Prcsl)vterian  Church.     His   mother's  prayers 


saved  him  from  infidelity :  the  New  Testament 
made  him  a  Baptist.  He  was  converted  at  the  age 
of  fourteen,  baptized  at  seventeen,  and  licensed  to 
preach  at  eighteen.  He  graduated  from  Bethel 
College  in  1S60.  In  1859  he  was  ordained  pastor 
of  Union  church,  in  his  native  county,  where  he 
was  baptized.  Here  with  the  people  among  whom 
he  was  brought  up  his  labors  were  wondepfuUy 
blessed.  His  father  Avas  converted  and  became  a 
zealous  Baptist,  and  the  young  pastor  was  per- 
mitted to  lead  '•  down  into  the  water"  for  baptism, 
as  his  first  subject,  his  own  mother,  whose  views  on 
this  ordinance  .had  changed.  Other  churches  in 
Northeast  Missouri  were  blessed  under  his  ministry, 
until  1867,  when  he  settled  as  pastor  at  Shelbina, 
Shelby  Co.  In  1872  he  accepted  a  call  to  Hamburg, 
Iowa,  where  he  remained  three  years,  and  resigned 
the  pastorate  to  become  associate  editor  of  the  Bap- 
tist Beacon,  published  at  Pella,  Iowa.  In  Septem- 
ber, 1875,  he  accepted  a  pressing  invitation  to  settle 
at  Bedford.  Here  he  is  held  in  high  esteem  as 
pastor  of  one  of  the  largest  congregations  in  the 
State.  Though  possessing  a  weak  constitution,  and 
all  the  time  in  feeble  health,  yet  he  has  been  "  in 
labors  abundant,"'  and  already  over  1000  have  been 
added  to  the  churches  under  his  ministry. 

Robins,  Rev.  Gurdon,  son  of  Ephraim  Robins, 
was  born  in  Sheffield.  Conn.,  Feb.  6,  1786;  his 
parents,  Congregatixmalists,  became  Baptists ;  all 
removed  to  Hartford  in  1796.  the  father  becoming 
a  local  preacher  ;  Gurdon  was  converted  in  1798, 
baptized  by  Rev.  S.  S.  Nelson,  and  united  with  the 
First  Baptist  church  ;  in  1814  was  chosen  deacon  ; 
was  a  merchant:  in  1816  removed  to  Fayetteville, 
N.  C. :  began  to  preach  :  invited  to  a  church  at 
Cape  Fear,  but  health  forbade  settlement :  was 
active  in  reviving  the  North  Carolina  Baptist  Mis- 
sion Convention ;  became  judge  of  the  county 
coUrt;  in  1823  returned  to  Hartford,  Conn. ;  five 
years  editor  of  Christian  Secretary;  in  June,  1829, 
ordained  pastor  of  South  (then  East)  Windsor 
church  ;  in  1832  returned  to  Hartford;  established 
a  store  ;  became  a  publisher  :  supplied  churches  at 
Avon,  Canto!!.  Bloomfield,  Bristol;  active  in  Con- 
necticut Baptist  State  Convention,  Connecticut 
Baptist  Education  Society,  Connecticut  Literary 
Institution,  and  every  good  work  ;  familiar  with 
Bajjtist  history  :  sound  in  the  faith.  His  son,  Pr. 
Robins,  is  president  of  Colby  University.  Died 
Jan.  2,  1864,  in  his  seventy-eighth  year. 

Robins,  Henry  E.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Hartford, 
Conn.  lie  pursued  his  studies  at  the  Suffield  Lit- 
erary Institute  and  at  the  Fairmount  Theological 
Seminnry.  Ky.  For  three  years  he  was  connected 
witii  the  Newton  Theological  Institution.  His  or- 
dination took  place  Doc.  6,  1861,  and  he  became 
pastor  of  the  Central  Baptist  church  in  Newport, 
R,  I.,  where  he  remained  five  years,  when  he  re- 


ROBINSON 


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ROBINSON 


moved  to  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  pastor 
six  years.  He  was  elected  president  of  Colby  Uni- 
versity in  1873.  Under  the  administration  of  Pres- 
ident Robins  the  university  has  been  greatlji  pros- 


lll'.MtV    E.    ROBINS,    D.D. 

pcred.  The  position  to  vfhich  he  was  called  in 
1873  he  still  holds,  lie  is  a  fine  scholar,  with  a 
powerful  intellect,  and  a  very  flattering  record. 
No  man  in  the  denomination  has  earned  a  higher 
reputation  for  usefulness  in  his  noble  calling  than 
Dr.  Robins. 

Robinson,  Rev.  Asa  A.,  son  of  Gordon  and 
Lydia  Uoliinson,  seventh  generation  from  "John, 
the  Puritan,'"  was  born  in  Windham,  Conn.,  in 
May,  1814:  converted  in  1828;  baptized  by  his 
father-in-law.  Rev.  Esek  Brown,  in  1829  :  educated 
at  Connecticut  Literary  Institution  ;  studied  awhile 
in  Brown  University  ;  acted  as  merchant  with  his 
father ;  was  school  visitor,  postmaster,  town  clerk, 
and  treasurer  ;  ordained  iu  1849  in  Agawam.  Mass. ; 
afterwards  settled  in  Wales,  in  Suffield,  in  Mans- 
field, and  in  Willington,  Conn. ;  in  Russell,  Mass.  ; 
in  North  Sunderland  ;  in  Saybrook,  Conn.,  where 
he  is  now  (1880)  laboring  ;  has  served  efficiently  on 
school  boards  ;  ])een  moderator  and  clerk  of  Asso- 
ciations ;  served  on  board  of  trustees  of  Connecti- 
cut Literary  Institution  ;  has  a  son.  Julius  B..born 
in  Lebanon,  Conn.,  in  1842;  graduated  at  Newton 
Theological  Seminary  in  1873  ;  settled  at  Milford, 
Mass.,  and  now  (1880)  pastor  at  Fisherville,  N.  II. 
He  is  the  eighth  generation  from  ''  .John,  the  Puri- 
tan." 

Robinson,  Prof.  D.  H.,  was  born  June  24, 1836, 


in  Cayuga  Co.,  N.  Y.  His  boyhood  and  early 
manhood  were  passed  on  his  father's  farm  in  Cen- 
tral New  York  ;  was  converted  and  joined  the 
Weedsport  Baptist  church  in  the  spring  of  1854. 
His  ancestors  for  generations  were  church  mem- 
bers, mostly  Presbyterians,  rutming  back  to  John 
Robinson,  the  famous  Puritan  pastor ;  prepared 
for  college  at  Elbridge  Academy,  and  entered  the 
University  of  Rochester  in  1855,  graduating  in 
1859 ;  chose  the  profession  of  teaching  as  a  life- 
work.  After  teaching  several  years  in  high  schools 
and  academies  in  New  York  and  Michigan,  was 
elected,  in  the  summer  of  1866,  to  the  i)rofessor- 
ship  of  Ancient  Languages  and  Literature  in  the 
University  of  Kansas.  This  professorship  was 
subsequently  divided.  Prof.  Robinson  retaining  the 
chair  of  the  Latin  Language  and  Literature.  The 
institution  has  grown  from  a  small  school  of  55 
pupils,  the  first  year,  with  three  professors  and  a 
very  meagre  equipment,  to  a  strong,  healthy  uni- 
versity of  450  students,  with  fourteen  instructors 
and  a  pretty  full  apparatus  for  instruction. 

Robinson,  Rev.  Edwin  True,  was  born  in 

Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  24,  1833  ;  converted  at  the 
age  of  seventeen,  and  soon  afterwards  felt  himself 
called  to  the  work  of  the  ministry ;  pursued  his 
studies  at  Hamilton  and  Rochester,  and  graduated 
at  Rochester  Theological  Seminary  in  1859.  In 
May,  1860,  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Ninth 
church,  Cincinnati,  0.,  where,  after  a  short  and 
brilliant  ministry  of  two  years,  he  died  July  21, 
1862. 

Mr.  Robinson  was  a  man  of  exceptionally  fine 
gifts  and  gave  the  largest  promise  for  the  future. 
As  a  preacher  he  was  greatly  admired,  and  as  a 
man  universally  beloved.  It  was  probably  his  all- 
absorbing  devotion  to  his  work  which  shortened 
his  life,  and  was  the  cause  of  the  sickness  which 
swept  him  off.  His  early  death  was  lamented  not 
only  by  the  church  of  which  he  was  pastor,  but  by 
multitudes  of  others  to  whom  he  had  endeared 
himself  by  his  genial  Christian  character,  his  elo- 
quence, and  his  devotion  to  Christ  and  tiie  souls  of 
men. 

Robinson,  Ezekiel  Oilman,  L.D.  (Brown  Uni- 
versity, 1853),  LL,D.  (Brown  University,  1872), 
was  born  at  Attleborough,  Bristol  Co.,  Mass., 
March  13,  1815.  He  graduated  in  1838  at  Brown 
University,  where  he  also  spent  the  following  year 
as  resident  graduate.  In  1842  he  graduated  at 
Newton  Theological  Institution.  He  was  pastor  at 
Norfolk,  Va..  1842-45.  During  eight  months  of 
this  time  (being  an  academic  year)  he  served  as 
chaplain  at  the  University  of  Virginia,  having  re- 
ceived from  the  church  leave  of  absence  for  this 
purpose.  He  was  pastor  at  Cambridge.  Mass., 
1845-46.  In  1846  he  became  Professor  of  Bibli- 
cal   Interpretation    in    the    Western    Theological 


ROBINSON 


996 


ROBINSON 


Seminary,  Covington,  Ky.  From  1850  to  1853  he 
was  pastor  of  the  Nintli  Street  church,  Cincinnati. 
During  all  these  years  he  had  been  steadily  grow- 
ing in  power  and  reputation,  {ind  when  he  became 


EZEKIEL    OILMAN    ROBINSOX,  D.D. 

Professor  of  Theology  in  Rochester  Theological 
Seminary  in  the  spring  of  1853,  the  feeling  was 
general  that  the  field  was  the  one  above  all  others 
for  whicli  his  abilities,  his  acquirements,  and  his 
mental  traits  peculiarly  fitted  him.  The  resigna- 
tion of  Dr.  Cpnant  in  1857  left  Dr.  Roljinson  the 
senior  professor  and  virtual  president,  though  the 
title  of  president  was  not  conferred  upon  him  till 
1868.  During  the  nearly  twenty  years  of  his  con- 
nection with  the  seminary  Dr.  Robinson  achieved 
a  work  the  arduousness  and  tlie  influence  of  which 
cannot  easily  be  overestimated.  The  increase  of 
students,  the  growth  of  the  library,  the  enlarge- 
ment of  the  endowment  (chiefly  through  his  per- 
son!\l  exertions),  the  addition  of  new  professors, 
the  erection  of  adequate  buildings,  the  extension 
of  the  course  of  study  from  two  years  to  three,  and 
above  all  the  accession  to  the  Baptist  ministry  of 
a  Large  body  of  men,  thorouglily  equipped,  mighty 
in  tiie  Scriptures,  full  of  zeal  for  the  truth  and  of 
love  for  God  and  man.  and  animated  with  a  lofty 
sefise  of  duty, — these  were  among  the  visible  results 
of  his  labors.  In  1807-68,  Dr.  Roliinson  traveled 
quite  extensively  in  Europe.  In  1872  he  became 
president  of  Brown  University.  In  tiiis  position 
he  has  shown  not  only  the  high,  broad,  and  exact 
scholarship  which  had  already  been  universally 
recognized,  but  also  great  executive  ability   and 


power  of  leadership.  The  university  has  advanced 
in  all  the  elements  of  prosperity,  maintaining  the 
position  which  naturally  belongs  to  the  oldest  Bap- 
tist coHege  in  America.  As  an  educator.  Dr.  Rob- 
inson's power  lies  not  alone  in  the  knowledge 
which  he  communicates,  but  in  the  mental  and 
spiritual  quickening  which  he  imparts,  in  the  ex- 
ample which  is  presented  to  the  pupil  of  logical 
acuteness,  of  mental  independence,  of  reverent  love 
for  truth,  of  loyalty  to  duty.  He  has  been  a  pecu-^ 
liarly  wise  counselor  to  those  who  were  of  :ui  in- 
quiring disposition,  and  wlio  were  pressing  their  in- 
quiries in  a  manner  that  was  perilous  to  their  faith. 
He  has  not  repelled  or  awed  them  by  the  parade  of 
authority,  but  he  has  pointed  out  to  them  the  real 
sources  of  knowledge,  and  has  so  wisely  guided 
their  inquiries  as  to  lead  them  to  an  intelligent 
and  well-grounded  faith.  His  labors  as  an  instruc- 
tor have  not  wholly  withdrawn  Dr.  Robinson  from 
the  pulpit.  His  preaching  is  m.arked  by  logical 
power,  singular  clearness  of  definition  and  state- 
ment, directness  of  appeal  to  the  conscience,  a 
vivid  presentation  of  the  great  facts  of  religion  and 
the  great  lessons  of  duty.  Dr.  Robinson  has  not  felt 
that  his  position  as  a  minister  of  the  gospel  made 
it  his  duty  to  withdraw  himself  from  all  concern  in 
public  affairs.  At  critical  times  in  the  national 
history,  especially  when  the  existence  of  the 
nation  was  at  stake,  his  utterances  from  the  plat- 
form and  the  pulpit  have  been  stirring  beyond  ex- 
pression, arousing,  deepening,  and  intensifying 
the  spirit  of  patriotism.  Dr.  Robinson  has  not 
published  largely.  His  addresses  and  sermons, 
though  the  result  of  intense  and  careful  thought, 
have  usually  been  unwritten  in  form.  Some  of 
his  sermons  and  lectures  have  been  reported  with 
varying  degrees  of  correctness.  His  most  elabo- 
rate work  was  the  revision  of  the  translation  of 
Neanders  "  Planting  and  Training  of  the  Church" 
(which,  in  fact,  amounted  to  a  new  translation). 
AVhile  at  Rochester  he  was  for  several  years  the 
editor  of  the  Christian  Review,  and  wrote  exten- 
sively for  it. 

Robinson,  Jabez,  was  born  in  Bedford,  "West- 
chester Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1787  ;  converted  in  early 
life  ;  united  with  the  Bedfoi-d  Baptist  church  ;  kept 
afree  "  Baptist  Inn"  for  preachers  and  others ;  given 
to. hospitality  ;  occupied  positions  of  responsibility 
in  the  church  and  in  civil  afiiiirs ;  was  justice  of 
the  peace  for  more  than  thirty  years ;  was  clerk 
of  the  Bedford  church  until  his  death  :  a  man  of 
wide  influence:  died  full  of  honors  in  1873. 

His  In-other.  Henry  Robinson,  was  born  in  1701  : 
converted  early  :  member  of  the  Bedford  Baptist 
church,  a  pillar  in  the  church,  and  a  fatiier  in 
Israel. 

Robinson,  Robert,  one  of  the  most  eminent 
names  in   Baptist  history-,  was  born  at  Swaflfham, 


EOBINSON 


997 


EOBINSOK 


Norfolk,  Enf;l;uid,  Oct.  8,  1735.  He  received  for 
a  few  years  excellent  instruction  at  the  endowed 
granimar-scliool  at  Scarninj;,  Norfolk  ;  but  the 
death  of  his  father  compelled  him  to  leave  school  in 


ROliERT    ROBINSON. 

his  fourteenth  year.  He  was  liound  apprentice  in 
Crutched  Friars,  London,  in  174'J.  Altlioiiirh  it  was 
evident  that  literary  pursuits  were  much  more  con- 
genial to  him  than  business,  he  won  the  esteem  of 
all  around  him.  He  kept  up  his  acquaintance  with 
the  classical  languages  and  French,  l)y  early  rising, 
and  finding  time  for  reading  everything  that  came 
in  iiis  way.  AVhcn  in  his  seventeenth  year,  he  went 
one  Sunday  evening  to  hear  the  celebrated  George 
AV'hitefield,  who  was  tiien  preaching  in  London. 
The  preacher's  text  was  Matt.  iii.  7.  Writing  of 
the  event,  Robinson  says,  "  Mr.  AVliitetiold  described 
the  Sadducean  character  :  this  did  not  toucii  me. 
I  thought  myself  as  good  a  Christian  as  any  man 
in  England.  From  tiiis  he  went  to  that  of  the 
Pharisees.  He  descril)ed  their  exterior  decency, 
liut  ol)servi'd  that  the  poison  of  the  viper  rankled 
in  their  hearts.  This  ratiier  shook  me.  At  length, 
in  tiie  course  of  his  sermon,  he  abruptly  broke  off': 
paused  for  a  few  moments  ;  then  burst  into  a  flood  of 
tears  ;  lifted  up  his  iiands  and  eyes,  and  exclaimed, 
'  Oh,  my  hearers,  the  wrath's  to  come  !  the  wrath's  to 
come."  These  words  sank  into  my  heart  like  lead 
in  the  waters.  I  wept,  and  when  the  sermon  was 
ended,  retired  alone.  For  days  and  weeks  I  could 
think  of  little  else.  Those  awful  words  would  fol- 
low me  wherever  I  went."'  The  convictions  of  sin 
thus  aroused  held  possession  of  his  mind,  and  he 


obtained  no  relief  until  Dec.  ID,  1755,  when,  to  use 
his  own  words,  "  he  found  full  and  free  forgive- 
ness through  the  precious  blood  of  Jesus  Christ." 
Having  attained  his  majority  in  the  autumn  of 
1756,  his  indentures  were  given  up  to  him,  and  he 
was  free.  For  some  time  he  remained  at  his  em- 
ployment, associating  constantly  with  Mr.  White- 
field's  congregation  at  the  Taberrmcle.  Many  of  his 
friends  thought  that  he  had  the  ((ualifications  of  a 
preacher,  but,  although  lie  felt  strongly  drawn 
towards  the  ministry,  he  left  London  without 
making  his  case  known  to  ]\Ir.  Whitefield,  in  the 
winter  of  1758,  on  a  visit  to  his  relatives  in  Norfolk. 
At  Mildenhall,  in  that  county,  he  found  "many 
souls  awakened  who  had  the  AVord  preached  but  now 
and  then  ;  we  met  of  evenings  to  sing  and  pray  and 
speak  our  experience."  At  their  repeated  requests 
he  Ijegan  to  preacii.  From  that  time  his  course 
was  decided.  His  reputation  as  a  fjreacher  rapidly 
extended  over  the  whole  district,  and  in  the  summer 
of  1759  he  wrote  to  Mr.  AVhitefield  from  Norwich, 
"  AV'e  have  near  forty  members  in  the  church  wiiich 
I  preach  to,  and  many  more  are  desirous  of  being 
received.  We  have  on  the  Lord's  daj^  several 
hundred  hearers  who  seem  very  serious  and  in- 
quiring the  way  to  Zion.  On  the  week-days  we 
haveabundanceof  people  to  liear.  The  days  I  do  not 
preach  in  Norwich  the  country  people  frequently 
send  for  me,  and  multitudes  come  to  hear,  so  that 
the  preaching-houses  will  not  hold  them."  AVhilst 
preaching  in  Norwich  he  had  not  formally  separated 
from  the  Established  Churcli,  any  more  than  AV'hite- 
field  or  Wesley  had,  and  a  rich  relation  promised 
to  provide  liberally  for  him  if  he  would  leave  "  the 
Methodists"  and  enter  the  ministry  of  the  estab- 
lishment. But  he  declined  the  off'er,  and  forfeited 
the  favor  of  his  relative  by  so  doing. 

He  had  not  questioned  hitherto  the  propriety  of 
infant  baptism,  but  one  day  he  was  invited  to  the 
christening  of  a  child,  and  the  ceremony  being  de- 
layed by  the  absence  of  the  officiating  minister, 
one  of  the  company  expressed  doubts  concerning 
the  benefit  of  infant  baptism.  Mr.  Robinson  from 
that  time  investigated  the  whole  subject,  and  be- 
came convinced  that  the  Scriptures  taught  only  the 
baptism  of  l)elievers.  He  was  baptized  at  Elling- 
ham,  and  soon  after  left  Norwich,  accepting  an  in- 
vitation from  the  Baptist  congregation  at  Cambridge 
to  visit  them.  He  continued  preaching  to  them 
without  accepting  the  pastoral  office  for  nearly  two 
years,  until  May  28,  17<)].  He  was  publicly  or- 
dained June  llj  following.  His  success  in  Cam- 
bridge was  marvelous.  The  meeting-house,  which 
had  been  "  first  a  barn,  afterwards  a  stable  and 
granary,  then  a  meeting-house,  and,  notwithstand- 
ing its  pews  and  galleries  concealed  its  meanness 
within-side  a  little,  it  was  still  a  <lamp,  dark,  cold, 
ruinous,  contemptible  hovel,"  became  too  strait  for 


ROBINSON 


998 


ItOBINSON 


the  audiences  which  assembled  there.  Members 
of  the  university  and  other  hearers  who  had  never 
in  their  lives  entered  a  Baptist  meeting-house,  be- 
came regular  attendants.  Ip  1764  a  new  edifice, 
capable  of  seating  600  persons,  was  built  and  paid 
for.  AVhilst  thus  prospering  in  his  ministry  in  the 
university  town,  he  enlarged  the  circle  of  his  influ- 
ence by  extensive  village  preaching  in  the  sur- 
rounding country,  and  wherever  he  went  "the 
common  people  heard  him  gladly."  In  1774  he 
had  a  congregation  of  600  or  700  persons.  His 
popularity  occasioned  numerous  preaching  engage- 
ments beyond  his  own  sphere  of  labor,  yet  by  his 
methodical  habits  and  incredible  industry  he  found 
time  for  extensive  reading,  and  few  years  passed 
without  some  publications  from  his  pen.  His 
translations  of  Saurin's  "  Sermons"  and  Claude's 
"Essay  on  the  Composition  of  a  Sermon,"  in  two 
octavo  volumes,  with  copious  annotations,  are 
widely  known.  Besides  numeroits  sermons,  lec- 
tures, and  brief  essays  in  illustration  and  defense 
of  the  principles  of  Nonconformity,  he  was  occu- 
pied for  several  years  with  a  history  of  the  Baptists, ' 
undertaken  at  the  suggestion  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Gif- 
ford  and  other  prominent  members  of  the  denomi- 
nation. The  fruit  of  this  study  appeared  in  the 
two  volumes  of  "  Ecclesiastical  Researches"  and 
the  "History  of  Baptism,"  published  after  his 
death.  Excessive  labor,  with  unhappy  complica- 
tions in  his  private  affairs,  doubtless  undermined 
his  constitution  and  hastened  his  death,  which  took 
place  suddenly  June  8,  1790,  in  his  fifty-fifth  year. 
The  later  period  of  Robinson's  life  was  clouded  not 
only  by  private  sorrows,  but  also  by  his  aberration 
from  orthodoxy,  and  the  consequent  withdrawal 
from  him  of  many  attached  friends  and  brother 
ministers.  His  enthusiastic  devotion  to  liberty, 
civil  and  ecclesiastical,- attracted  to  him  many  per- 
sons of  skeptical  opinions,  whose  influence  was  in- 
jurious to  his  spiritdal  health.  His  most  recent 
biographer,  the  late  Rev.  William  Robinson,  also  a 
pastor  of  the  church  at  Cambridge,  says  in  a  me- 
moir published  in  the  "  Bunyan  Library"'  (London, 
1861),  "  He  was  one  of  the  most  decided  Unitarians 
of  the  age,  but  never  a  mere  Humanitarian.  No 
man  has  the  right  to  call  him  either  Socinian  or 
Arian.  He  held  apparently  the  indwelling  hypoth- 
esis to  the  end  of  his  Hie,  but  became  vague  and 
confused  in  its  application.  Tie  was  like  a  noble 
vessel  broken  from  its  moorings  and  drifting  out  to 
sea  amidst  fogs  and  rocks  without  a  compass  or  a 
rudder."  His  mind  may  have  been  somewhat  im- 
paired in  his  later  years.  A  current  tradition  re- 
ports that  on  one  occasion  when  he  was  preaching 
from  home  his  two  well-known  hymns  were  sung, 
"  Mighty  God,  while  angels  bless  thee,"  and 
"Come,  thou  fount  of  every  blessing."  After  the 
service  he  expressed  very  strongly  his  wish  that  he 


could  feel 'as  he  did  when  he  wrote  them.  A  me- 
moir of  Robinson  by  Mr.  George  Dyer  was  pub- 
lished in  1790,  and  another  by  Mr.  Benjamin 
Flower  in  1S04,  but  the  most  complete  and  trust- 
worthy account  of  this  remarkably  gifted  man  was 
given  by  the  late  Rev.  W.  Robinson  in  the  volume 
referred  to  above,  in  which  are  interesting  extracts 
from  the  church  book,  from  Robinson's  own  hand, 
and  a  large  collection  of  his  letters  arranged  chron- 
ologically, together  with  selections  characteristic 
of  his  genius  from  several  of  his  works,  including 
"  The  History  and  the  Mystery  of  Good-Friday," 
"  A  Sermon  on  a  Becoming  Behavior  in  Religious 
Assemblies,"  "Morning  Exercises,"  etc.  It  is  well 
known  that  the  celebrated  Robert  Hall  succeeded 
Robinson  as  pastor  of  the  church  at  Cambridge. 
Soon  after  his  coming  he  was  shown  the  copy  of  an 
epitaph  which  it  was  proposed  to  inscribe  on  a  tab- 
let in  the  meeting-house  at  Birmingham  where  Mr. 
Robinson  last  preached.  Dissatisfied  with  the  in- 
scription proposed.  Hall  consented  to  write  a  sub- 
stitute, and  produced  the  following  choice  eulo- 
gium :  "  Sacred  to  the  memory  of  the  Rev.  Robert 
Robinson,  of  Cambridge,  the  intrepid  champion  of 
liberty,  civil  and  religious.  Endowed  with  a  genius 
brilliant  and  penetrating,  united  to  an  indefatigable 
industry,  his  mind  was  richly  furnished  with  an 
inexhaustible  variety  of  knowledge,  his  eloquence 
was  the  delight  oi"  every  public  assembly  and  his 
conversation  the  charm  of  every  private  circle.  In 
him  the  erudition  of  the  Scholar,  the  discrimina- 
tion of  the  Historian,  and  the  boldness  of  the  Re- 
former were  united  in  an  eminent  degree  with  the 
virtues  which  adorn  the  Man  and  the  Christian. 
He  died  at  Birmingham  on  the  <Sth  of  June,  1790, 
aged  54  years,  and  was  buried  near  this  spot." 

Kobinson,  Rev.  Samuel,  was  born,  in  1801,  in 
Ireland  ;  settled  in  Charlotte  Co.,  New  Brunswick, 
in  1830.  Rev.  Thomas  Ainslie,  who  evangelized 
there  about  that  time,  saw  the  young  Irishman,  and 
intimated  that  God  designed  him  for  a  Baptist  min- 
ister. He  was  baptized  in  1831  by  Mr.  Ainslie: 
ordained  pastor  at  St.  George,  New  Brunswick. 
Aug.  4,  1832;  became,  in  1838.  pastor  of  the  Bap- 
tist church,  Germain  Street,  St.  John,  and  subse- 
quently pastor  of  Brussels  Street  church,  and  con- 
tinued in  this  position  till  he  died,  Sept.  19,  1866. 
^  Mr.  Robinson's  ministry  was  a  power  in  St.  John, 
and,  indeed,  in  New  Brunswick.  He  was  distin- 
guished for  urbanity,  administrative  ability,  symp- 
athy, tact,  indomitable  energy,  and  successful 
work. 

Robinson,  Rev.  William,  late  of  Cambridge, 
England,  was  commended  to  the  authorities  of  the 
Bristol  College  in  1826,  as  a  student  for  the  min- 
istry, by  the  Baptist  church  at  Dunstable.  After 
a  full  course  of  study  he  received,  in  1830,  an  in- 
vitation to  the  church  at  Kettering,  a  church  which, 


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through  its  connection  with  the  Missionary  Society 
and  Andrew  Fuller,  held  a  conspicuous  position  in 
the  denomination.  But  the  young  pastor  soon 
proved  his  fitness,  and  during  the  twenty-two  years 
of  his  ministry  at  Kettering  his  reputation  as  a 
scholarly  and  able  minister  was  fully  estahlished. 
In  1851  he  accepted  the  call  of  the  church  at  Cam- 
bridge, and  for  twenty-two  years  more  ministered 
in  the  pulpit  formerly  occupied  by  those  far-famed 
preachers,  Robert  Rol)inson  and  Robert  Hall.  He 
received  in  1S70  the  highest  honor  the  Baptist  de- 
nomination in  England  has  to  bestow,  when  he 
was  elected  president  of  the  Baptist  Union,  and  it 
was  a  significant  token  of  the  esteem  in  which  he 
was  held  by  the  public  that,  when  the  autumnal 
meeting  of  the  Union  took  place  in  Cambridge,  the 
Episcopalian  heads  of  several  of  the  colleges  of 
the  university  tendered  hospitalities  to  the  dele- 
gates. Mr.  Roljinson  was  a  man  wiio  had  the 
courage  of  his  convictions;  but  his  straightfor- 
ward plain  speaking  was  perfectly  blended  with 
courtesy  and  Christian  simplicity.  Pre-eminently 
an  expositor,  he  was  mighty  in  the  Scriptures,  and 
even  aimed  at  the  nicest  accuracy  in  stating  doctrine. 
His  studies  were  not  exclusively  Biblical  or  ecclesi- 
astical. Physical  science  was  specially  attractive 
to  him,  one  of  his  last  efforts  being  a  review  article 
on  Lyell's  arguments  concerning  the  antiquity  of 
man.  He  died  in  lov^a,  while  on  a  visit  to  his  chil- 
dren settled  in  that  State,  in  the  autumn  of  1S73. 
He  published  several  pamphlets  and  a  work  en- 
titled "  Biblical  Studies." 

Roby,  Z.  D.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  North  Caro- 
lina, Feb.  9,  1838.  Baptized  in  Georgia  in  1855; 
ordained  at  the  call  of  the  Second  Baptist  church 
of  Columbus,  Ga.,  in  l8tJ5  ;  was  pastor  of  that 
church  and  the  church  in  Girard,  Ala.,  dividing 
his  time  between  them.  In  1868  he  removed  to 
Salem,  Ala.,  and  became  pastor  there  and  of  neigh- 
boring churches.  At  the  beginning  of  1875  he 
accepted  the  call  of  the  church  in  Tuskegoe,  where 
he  still  resides  and  labors  among  an  intelligent 
people.  The  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him 
in  1879.  Dr.  Roby  ranks  with  the  best  preachers 
in  the  State. 

Rochester  Theological  Seminary  was  founded 

in  1850.  Up  to  this  time  the  only  Baptist  school 
for  literary  and  theological  training  in  the  State 
of  New  York  was  Madison  University,  situated  at 
Hamilton.  In  1847  many  friends  of  education 
throughout  the  State,  with  a  view  to  securing  for 
this  university  a  more  suitable  location  and  a  more 
complete  endowment,  sought  to  remove  the  institu- 
tion to  Rochester.  This  project  was  opposed  by 
friends  of  Hamilton,  legal  obstacles  were  discovered, 
the  question  was  carried  into  the  courts,  and  the 
plan  of  removal  was  finally  abandoned  as  imprac- 
ticable.    Not  so,  however,  the  plan  of  establishing 


a  theological  setniiiary  and  university  at  Rochester. 
Rev.  Pharcellus  Churcli,  D.D.,  and  Messrs.  John  N. 
•Wilder  and  Oren  Sage  devoted  much  time  and 
energy  to  awakening  public  sentiment  in  behalf 
of  the  new  enterprise.  A  subscription  of  $U>I),()()0 
was  secured  for  the  college.  Five  professors  in 
Hamilton — Drs.  Conant  <atid  Maginnis  of  the  semi- 
nary, and  Drs.  Kendrick,  Rayjnond,  and  Richard- 
son of  the  university — resigned  their  places,  and 
accepted  a  call  to  similar  positions  in  the  new  insti- 
tutions at  Rochester.  In  November,  1850,  classes 
were  organized  in  the  Rochester  Theological  Semi- 
nary as  well  as  in  the  University  of  Rochester, 
and  instruction  was  beguti  in  temporary  quarters 
secured  for  the  purpose.  Many  students  came 
with  their  professors  from  Hamilton.  The  first 
class  graduated  frotn  the  Theological  Seminary 
numbered  7  members,  and  the  first  published  cata- 
logue, that  of  1851-52,  enrolls  the  names  of  2 
professors  and  of  29  students. 

Although  the  early  history  of  the  Seminary  was 
intimately  connected  with  that  of  the  University 
of  Rochester,  and  the  two  institutions  at  the 
beginning  occupied  the  same  building,  there  has 
never  been  any  organic  connection  between  them, 
either  of  government  or  of  instruction.  While  the 
University  has  devoted  itself  to  the  work  of  general 
college  training,  the  Rochester  Theological  Semi- 
nary has  been  essentially  a  professional  school,  and 
has  aimed  exclusively  to  fit  men,  by  special  studies, 
for  the  work  of  the  ministry.  It  has  admitted  only 
college  graduates  and  those  who  have  been  able 
successfully  to  pursue  coui-ses  of  study  in  connec- 
tion with  college  graduates.  Beginning  with  the 
two  professorships  of  Theology  and  of  Hebrew, 
it  has  added  professorships  of  Ecclesiastical  His- 
tory, of  New  Testament  Greek,  of  Honiiletics  and 
Pastoral  Theology,  and  of  Elocution.  Besides  its 
two  original  professors, — Rev.  Thomas  J.  Conant, 
D.D.,  and  Rev.  John  S.  Maginnis,  D.D., — it  has 
numbered  in  its  faculty  the  names  of  John  H. 
Raymond,  Velona  R.  Ilotchkiss,  George  AV.  Nortb- 
rup,  Asahel  C.  Kendrick.  R.  J.  W.  Bucklaiul,  Ho- 
ratio B.  Hackett,  William  C.  AViikinson,  Howard 
Osgood,  Wni.  Arnold  Stevens,  T.  Ilarwood  Pattison, 
and  Benjamin  0.  True.  To  Rev.  Ezekiel  G.  Rob- 
inson, D.D.,  LL.D.,  however,  professor  in  the  semi- 
nary from  185.')  to  1872,  and  from  1868  to  1872  its 
president,  the  institution  probably  owes  more  of 
its  character  and  success  than  to  any  other  single 
man.  His  successor  in  the  presidency  and  in  the 
chair  of  Biblical  Theology  is  Rev.  Augustus  II. 
Strong,  D.D.,  who  has  now  (1881)  for  nine  years 
held  this  position. 

In  18,54  a  German  department  of  the  Seminary 
was  organized.  The  German  Baptist  churches  of  the 
country,  which  in  l8.50wereonly  tenin  number,  have 
now  increased  to  more  than  one  huntlred.    This  con- 


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stant  growth  has  occasioned  a  demand  for  ministers 
with  some  degree  of  training.'  The  German  depart- 
ment is  designed  to  meet  this  necessity.  In  1858, 
Rev.  Augustus  Kauschenljuschj  D.D.,  a  pupil  of  Xe- 
ander,  was  secured  to  take  charge  of  this  work,  arid 
in  1872,  Rev.  Hermann  M.  Schaffer  was  chosen  as 
liis  colleague.  The  course  of  studies  in  the  German 
department  is  four  years  in  length,  and  being  de- 
signed for  young  men  wiio  liave  had  little  pre- 
paratory training,  is  literary  as  well  as  theological. 
This  course  is  totally  distinct  from  the  regular 
course  of  the  Seminary,  which  is  accomplished  in 
three  years. 

When  the  Seminary  began  its  existence  it  was 
wholly  without  endowment,  and,  dependent  as  it 


erty  §653,000.  When  all  subscriptions  are  paid  in 
and  its  debts  are  cancelled,  the  institution  is  ex- 
pected to  have  a  productive  endowment  of  §450,000, 
an  amount  sufficient  to  maintain  its  operations  only 
upon  condition  that  the  churches  shall  continue  to 
provide,  as  they  have  hitherto  done,  by  annual  con- 
tributions for  the  support  of  students  preparing  for 
the  ministry.  This  comparative  prosperity  of  later 
years  has  been  due,  under  Providence,  to  the  wise 
and  liberal  gifts  of  a  few  tried  friends  of  the  sem- 
inary, among  whom  may  be  mentioned  the  names  • 
of  John  B.  Trevor,  of  Yonkers,  X.  Y.  :  Jaco'b  F. 
WyckofF,  of  New  York  City  ;  John  D.  Rockefeller, 
of  Cleveland,  0.  ;  William  Rockefeller,  of  New 
York ;    Charles    Pratt,   of   Brooklj-n :    Joseph   B. 


TREVOR    llAl.l,,    ROCHESTER    THEOLOGICAL    SEMIXARV. 


was  upon  the  churches  for  means  to  defray  its  cur- 
rent expenses  as  well  as  to  support  its  beneficiaries, 
the  raising  of  a  sufficient  endowment  in  addition 
was  a  long  and  arduous  work.  In  fact,  it  has  only 
now,  after  thirty  years  of  effort,  been  accomplished. 
The  sum  first  sought  to  he  secured  was  §75.000. 
This  was  not  obtained  until  after  ten  3-ears  had 
passed.  In  1868  the  funds  of  the  Seminary  had 
reached  §100,000  ;  in  1874,  including  subscriptions 
of  §100,000  yet  unpaid,  thoy  amounted  to  §281,- 
000;  in  1881,  including  subscriptions  of  §170,000 
yet  unpaid,  thny  amount  to  $512,000.  Adding  to 
this  sum  the  r(';il  estate  of  the  Seminary,  valued  at 
§123,000,  its  library  valued  at  §32,000.  and  other 
property  to  the  extent  of  $6500,  the  total  assets  of 
the  institution  may  now  be  stated  as  amounting  to 
$674,000,  from  which,  however,  is  to  be  subtracted 
an  indebtedness  of  §21,000,    leaving  its  net  prop- 


Hoyt,  of  Stamford.  Conn. ;  Charles  Sicdler.  of 
Jersey  City,  N.  J. :  William  A.  Cauldwell.  of  New 
York";  Mrs.  Eliza  A.  Witt,  of  Cleveland,  0. :  Jere- 
miah Milbank,  of  New  York  ;  and  others. 

The  Seminary  instruction  was  for  some  years 
given  in  the  buildings  occupied  by  the  University 
of  Roohe^tev.  In  1S69.  however,  the  erection  of 
Tj-evor  ILtU.  at  an  expense  of  $42,001),  to  which 
John  B.  Trevor,  Esq.,  of  Yonkers,  was  the  largest 
donor,  put  the  institution  for  the  first  time  in  pos- 
session of  suitable  dormitory  accommodations. 
The  gymnasium  building,  adjoining,  erected  in 
1874,  and  costing  with  grounds  §12.000,  was  also 
a  gift  of  Mr.  Trevor.  In  187H  RockofoUer  Hall, 
costing  §38.000,  was  built  by  John  P.  Rockefeller, 
Esq.,  of  Cleveland,  0.  It  contains  a  spacious  fire- 
proof room  for  library,  as  well  as  lecture-rooms, 
museum,  and  chapel,  and  furnishes  admirable  and 


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1001 


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ample  accommodation  for  the  teachinji;  work  of  the 
seminary.  In  addition  to  these  buildint^s  tiie  Ger- 
man Students'  Home,  piircliased  in  1874,  at  a  cost 
of  $20,000,  furnished  a  dormitory  and  lioardinj^- 
liall  for  tlie  German  department. 

The  library  of  the  seminary  is  one  of  <;reat  value 
for  tiieolo^ioal  investigation.  It  embraces  the 
whole  collection  of  Neander,  the  great  German 
church  historian,  which  was  presented  to  the  sem- 
inary in  1853  by  the  late  Hon.  Koswell  S.  Bur- 
rows, of  Albion,  N.  Y.  It  also  contains  in  great 
part  the  exegetical  apparatus  of  the  late  Dr.  Hora- 
tio B.  Ilackett.  V^ilnal)le  additions  have  l)een 
made  to  it  from  the  "  Bruce  Fund"  of  S'io.OUO,  sub- 
scribed in  1872  by  John  M.  Bruce,  Esq.,  of  Yonkers, 
and  further  additions  from  this  source  are  hoped 
for.  The  generous  subscription  in  1 879  of  $25,000, 
by  William  Rockefeller,  Es(j.,  of  New  York  City, 
has  furnished  means  for  extensive  enlargement,  so 
tliat  the  library  now  numl)crs  over  18,000  volumes, 
and  it  is  well  provided  in  all  the  various  departments 
of  theology.  In  1880  the  "  Sherwood  Fund,"  con- 
tributed by  the  late  Rev.  Adiel  Sherwood,  D.D.,  of 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  furnisiied  the  means  for  beginning 
a  Museum  of  Biblical  Geography  and  ArcliiBology, 
intended  to  provide,  in  object  lessons,  valuable  aids 
for  the  study  of  the  Holy  Land,  its  customs  and 
its  physical  features. 

Thus  the  Rochester  Theological  Seminary  has 
grown  from  small  beginnings  to  assured  strength 
and  success.  Its  early  years  were  years  of  trial 
and  financial  struggle;  but.  founded  as  it  was  in 
the  prayers  and  fiiith  of  godly  men,  it  has  lived  to 
justify  the  hopes  of  its  founders.  Of  those  who 
took  a  deep  interest  in  its  feeble  beginnings  should 
be  mentioned  the  names  of  Alfred  Bennett,  Wil- 
liam R.  Williams,  Justin  A.  Smith,  Zenas  Free- 
man, Alvah  Strong,  Friend  Humphrey,  E.  E.  L. 
Taylor,  E.  Latlirop.  J.  S.  Backus,  B.  T.  Welch, 
Wi'liiam  Phelps,  Lemuel  C.  Paine,  II.  C.  Fish,  A. 
B.  Capwell,  N.  W.  Benedict,  G.  C.  Baldwin,  G. 
1).  Boardman,  A.  R.  Pritchard,  Henry  E.  Robins. 
All  these  have  been  officers  of  the  New  York  Bap- 
tist Union  for  Ministerial  Education,  or  members 
of  its  l)oard  of  trustees.  The  financial  manage- 
ment of  this  board  has  been  such  that  no  loss  of 
funds,  of  any  significance,  intrusted  to  its  care  has 
ever  occurred. 

The  results  of  the  work  of  the  Seminary  can 
never  be  measured  by  arithmetic.  As  its  purpose 
has  been  to  make  its  graduates  men  of  thinking 
ability  and  of  practical  force,  as  well  as  students 
:md  preachers  of  the  word  of  God,  it  has  leavened 
the  denomination  with  its  influence,  and  has  done 
Miach  to  give  an  aggressive,  independent,  manly 
tone  to  our  ministry.  The  names  of  some  of  its 
former  students,  such  as  ,J.  H.  Castle.  J.  B.  Sim- 
mons. J.  V.  Schofield,  J.  1).  Fulton,  R.  J.  Adams, 
64 


P.  W.  Bickel,  G.  W.  Clarke,  B.  D.  Marshall,  E. 
Nisbet,  E.  J.  Fish,  J.  B.  Thomas,  Galushn  Ander- 
son, E.J.  Goodspeed.  E.  G.  Taylor,  C.  D.  W.  Bridg- 
nian,  Norman  Fox,  G.  VY.  Nortlirop,  A.  Kingman 
Nott,  J.  C.  Ilaselhuhn,  R.  M.  Nott,  C.  B.Crane,  J. 
S.  Gubelmann,  Lemuel  Moss,  Thomas  Rogers,  J.  C. 
C.  Clarke,  J.  II.  Griftith,  A.  A.  Kendrick.  Wayland 
Hoyt,  A.  J.  Sage,  H.  L.  Morehouse,  Wm.  A. 
Stevens,  J.  W.  B.  Clark,  S.  W.  Duncan,  A.  J. 
Rowland,  J.  F.  Elder,  T.  J.  Backus,  C.  J.  Bald- 
win, T.  J.  Morgan,  Wm.  T.  Stott,  AV.  R.  Bene- 
dict, R.  S.  Macarthur,  E.  II.  Johnson,  W.  C.  P. 
Rhoades,  R.  B.  Hull,  A.  J.  Barrett,  O.  P.  Gif- 
ford,  T.  S.  Barbour,  and  many  others,  are  enough 
to  show  that  its  training  has  combined  in  equal 
proportions  the  intellectual  and  the  spiritual,  the 
theoretical  and  the  practical.  During  the  thirty 
years  of  the  seminary's  existence,  and  up  to  the 
present  year  (1881),  745  persons  have  been  con- 
nected with  the  institution  as  students,  of  whom 
590  have  attended  upon  the  English  and  155  upon 
the  German  department.  Of  the  590  in  the  Eng- 
lish department,  444  have  been  graduates  of  col- 
leges, and  54  have  pursued  partial  courses  in  col- 
leges. Sixty-five  different  colleges  and  42  different 
States  and  countries  have  furnished  students  to 
the  seminary.  Three  hundred  and  sixty-nine  per- 
sons have  completed  the  full  three  years'  course, 
including  the  study  of  the  Hebrew  and  Greek 
Scriptures  ;  221  have  pursued  a  partial  course,  or 
have  left  the  seminary  before  graduating.  The 
average  number  of  students  sent  out  each  year  lias 
been  19.  The  number  of  students  during  the  last 
seminary  year  has  been  70,  of  whom  50  were  in 
the  English  department.  Of  its  former  students, 
41  have  filled  the  position  of  president  or  professor 
in  theological  seminaries  or  colleges;  31  have  gone 
abroad  as  foreign  missionaries  ;  and  25  have  been 
missionaries  in  the  West;  20  have  been  secretaries 
or  agents  of  our  benevolent  societies  ;  and  4  have 
become  editors  of  religious  journals.  With  such 
a  record  in  the  past,  and  in  the  present  more  fully 
equipped  than  ever  before  for  its  work,  there  seems 
to  open  before  tlie  seminary  a  future  of  tiie  utmost 
promise.  It  remains  only  to  state  that  the  Roches- 
ter Theological  Seminary  is  maintained  and  con- 
trolled by  the  New  York  Baptist  Union  for  Minis- 
terial Education,  a  society  composed  of  contributing 
members  of  Baptist  churches,  and  that  the  actual 
government  and  care  of  the  seminary  is  in  its  de- 
tails committed  to  a  board  of  trustees  of  thirty- 
three  members,  eleven  of  whom  are  elected  by  the 
Union  annually.  The  present  president  of  the 
board  of  trustees  is  John  H.  Deane,  Esq.,  of  New 
York,  and  the  corresponding  secretary  is  Rev. 
William  Elgin,  of  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

Rochester,  University  of.— This  institution  is 

situated  in    Rochester.  N.  Y..  a  city  of  90.0(10  in- 


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habitants,  on  the  Genesee  River,  six  miles  south  of 
Lake  Ontario.  It  has  no  preparatory  department, 
and  no  organic  connection  with  the  flourishini; 
theological  seminary  in  the  same  city  ;  nor  has  it 
as  yet  organized  schools  .of  law,  medicine,  or  stp- 
plied  science.  Its  purpose — so  far  as  that  purpose 
has  been  attained — is  simply  to  superinduce  upon 
the  instruction  given  in  the  academy  or  the  high 
School,  such  broad  and  generous  culture  as  is  essen- 
tial to  the  successful  pi'osecution  of  any  of  the 
learned  professions,  and  indisputably  useful  to  the 
merchant,  the  farmer,  or  the  mechanic. 


III.  The.  eclectic  course,  designed  for  students 
who  may  desire  to  receive  instruction  in  particular 
dejjartments  without  becoming  candidates  for  de- 
grees. Such  students  are  admitted,  provided  thev 
have  the  requisite  preparation  for  the  studies  of 
those  departments  and  become  subject  to  the  laws 
of  the  university.  This  arrangement  is  intended 
to  meet  the  wants  of  those  whose  age  or  circum- 
stances may  prevent  them  from  pursuing  either  of 
the  regular  courses,  but  who  are  desirous  of  ob- 
taining the  liberal  culture  which  the  studies  of  a . 
portion  of  the  course  will  give  them.     Special'care 


UNIVERSITV    OF    ROCHESTER. 


Three  courses  of  study  are  open  to  the  members 
of  the  university : 

I.  The  classical  coiirse,  extending  through  four 
years, — at  the  expiration  of  which  time  those  who 
have  satisfactorily  met  the  requirements  of  the 
faculty  are  admitted  to  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of 
Arts. 

II.  The  scientific  course,  extending  through  four 
years, — requiring  Latin  as  essential  to  the  success- 
ful prosecution  of  the  modern  languages  and  the 
mastery  of  scientific  terniinology  ;  but  prescribing, 
in  the  plaice  of  Greek,  a  more  extended  course  of 
study  in  the  physical  sciences.  Those  who  satis- 
factorily complete  this  course  are  admitted  to  the 
degree  of  Bachelor  of  Scievice. 


is  taken  to  give  such  pupils  the  instruction  which 
they  require. 

The  number  of  students  in  attendance  upon  the 
university  in  1S80  was  160,  of  whom  105  were 
pursuing  the  classical  course,  16  the  scientific 
course,  19  the  eclectic  course,  while  21  were  special 
students  in  the  department  of  chemistry.  These 
students  were  distributed  into  classes  as  follows: 
Seniors,  30  ;  Juniors,  26  ;  Sophomores,  32  ;  Fresh- 
men. 53.  Of  the  whole  number  of  students.  4''' 
were  from  Rochester  ;  S3  from  places  in  the  State 
of  New  York  outside  of  Rochester ;  while  the 
remaining  31  were  divided  among  14  different 
States,  as  follows:  Pennsylvania,  5  ;  Michigan,  4: 
New  Jersey,  4  ;  Illinois,  4 ;  Connecticut,  3  ;  Ohio, 


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3;  Maino,   Ma.ssac-liusetts,   Iowa,   Minnesota,  Cali- 
fornia, Wisconsin,  Kentucky,  Georgia,  1  each. 

The  faculty  of  instruction  includes  the  follow- 
ini;;  names,  twelve  in  number:  Martin  B.  An- 
derson, LL.D.,  President,  Hurhatik  Professor  of 
Intellectual  and  Moral  Philosophy;  Asahel  C. 
Kendrick,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Monro  Professor  of  the 
Greek  Language  and  Literature;  Isaac  F.  Quinby, 
LL.D.,  Harris  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Nat- 
ural Philosophy;  Samuel  A.  Lattimore,  Ph.D., 
LL.D.,  Professor  of  Cheinistry  and  Curator  of  the 
Cabinets  ;  Albert  II.  Mixer.  A.M.,  Professor  of 
Modern  Languages;  Josej)h  IL  Gilmore,  A.M., 
Deane  Professor  of  Logic,  Rhetoric,  and  English 
Literature;  Otis  II.  Robinson,  A.M.,  Professor  of 
Mathematics  and  Librarian  ;  William  C.  Morey, 
A.M.,  Professor  of  Latin  and  History;  Henry  F. 
Burton,  A.M.,  Assistant  Professor  of  Latin  ;  (Jeorge 
M.  Forbes,  A.M.,  Assistant  Professor  of  Greek  ; 
E.  R.  Benton,  Assistant  Professor  of  the  Natural 


adorned  and  well-kept  lot,  eniljracing  twenty-tbrce 
and  a  half  acres. 

The  principal  building,  Anderson  Hall,  was 
designed  almost  exclusively  for  recitation-rooms, 
although  it  affords  temporary  accommodations  f  .r 
tlie  chapel,  cabinets,  and  chemical  laboratory  of 
the  university,  and  includt^s,  in  the  l)asement,  ajjart- 
ments  for  the  janitor  and  ample  facilities  for  stor- 
age. It  is  a  severely  plain  but  very  suljstantial 
structure,  of  brownstone,  three  stories  in  height, 
and  ir)0  feet  in  length  by  GO  in  breadth.  The  cost 
of  the  Ijuilding,  which  was  completed  in  18G1,  was 
§3',t,()0(). 

Sibley  Hall,  the  gift  of  the  Hon.  Hiram  Sibley, 
of  Rochester,  is  a  strictly  fire-proof  building,  de- 
signed for  the  accommodation  of  the  library,  and 
capable  of  affording  shelf-room  for  '2r)0,000  vol- 
umes. It  is  125  feet  by  00,  with  a  projection  20 
feet  square  in  the  centre  of  the  front,  and  has  otily 
two  floors,  though  its  walls  are  J32  feet  in  height. 


SIBLEY    HALL,    U.NIVEKSITY    OF    KOCUESTER. 


Sciences:  Herman  K.  Phinney,  A.M.,  Assistant 
Librarian. 

Notices  of  President  Anderson  and  several  of 
his  colleagues  will  be  found  in  this  work,  under 
their  respective  names. 

The  buildings  of  the  University  of  Rochester  are 
situiit(>d  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  city,  about  a 
luile  from   the   business   centre,  on  a  handsomely 


The  material  is  brownstone,  with  white  trim- 
mings; the  style  of  architecture  is  somewhat 
ornate  ;  and  the  building  cost  about  §100,000. 
The  lower  story  is  at  present  all  that  is  needed  for 
the  accommodation  of  the  library,  and  the  upper 
story  will,  it  is  hoped,  soon  be  fitted  up  to  receive 
the  valuable  cabinets  of  the  university. 

On  the  university  campus  there  is  also  a  small 


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ROCHESTER 


building  erected  for  the  accommodation  of  the 
Trevor  telescope, — an  instrument  designed  mainly 
for  use  as  an  adjunct  to  class-room  instruction, 
though  sufficiently  powerful  for  purposes  of  special 
investigation.  And,  but.  a  fewr  steps  from  tlie 
campus,  on  a  plot  of  ground  four  acres  in  extent, 
is  the  president's  house,  which  was  presented  to 
the  university  by  the  citizens  of  Rochester  and 
others  in  1868. 

The  library  of '  the  university  has  been  acquired 
mainly  by  purchase,  and  includes  few  duplicates, 
and  still  fewer  trashy  and  ephemeral  publications. 
It  contains  more  than  18,000  volumes,  and  espe- 
cial care  is  taken  to  make  its  contents  practically 
available  by  a  card  catalogue,  and  by  indexes  of 
periodical  and  of  miscellaneous  literature,  all  of 
which  are  constantly  kept  up  to  date,  and  accessi- 
ble to  every  student.  Pi-ovision  is  made  for  the 
annual  increase  of  the  library  by  a  fund  of  $50,000, 
which  was  presented  to  the  university  by  Gen.  John 
F.  Rathbone  and  Lewis  Rathbone,  of  Albany. 

The  cabinets  of  geology  and  mineralogy  were 
collected  by  Prof.  Henry  A.  Ward  during  ten 
years  of  extensive  foreign  travel  and  during  many 
careful  visits  to  the  most  fruitful  American  locali- 
ties. They  were  purchased  by  the  citizens  of 
Rochester,  in  1862,  for  $20,000  (a  sum  far  less 
than  their  present  estimated  value),  and  presented 
to  the  university.  Dr.  Torrey,  of  Columbia  Col- 
lege, says  that  "  no  geological  cabinet  in  the 
United  States  can  compare,  in  magnitude  and 
value,  with  this  ;"  and  that  the  mineralogical  cab- 
inet, "although  it  is  not  the  best  in  the  United 
States,  is  excelled  by  "very  few,  and  is  admirabl}' 
selected  for  the  purpose  of  instruction.''  "For 
fullness  and  perfection  of  specimens,''  says  Presi- 
dent Loomis,  of  Lcwisburg,  "it  is  superior  to  any 
cabinet  that  I  have  ever  seen."  Prof.  Sillinian 
(Jr.)  characterizes  it  as  "the  most  extensive  geo- 
logical museum  in  the  United  States,"  and  pre- 
dicts that  "it  will  ultimately  attract  students  from 
all  parts  of  the  country,"— a  prediction  which  is 
already  realized.  Similar  opinions  have  been  ex- 
pressed by  Prof.  Hitchcock  (Sr.),  President  Win- 
chell,  and  Profs.  Agassiz,  Hall,  and  Orton. 

The  value  of  the  unproductive  property  of  the  uni- 
versity (including  land,  buildings,  library,  cabinets, 
and  apparatus)  was,  in  June,  1881,  $408, 405.05. 
The  interest-bearing  funds  were,  at  the  same  date,' 
$435,007.15.  The  expenses  of  the  university  for  tiie 
year  ending  June  5,  1881,  were  $30,616.84.  Its 
receipts  from  students'  tuition  were  $5485 ;  from 
other  sources,  $28,121.34;  making  a  total  of 
$33,507.83, — being  an  excess  of  income  over  ex- 
penses, for  the  last  acadenjic  year,  of  $2891.4',). 

Tiio  university  year  begins  twelve  weeks  after 
commencement-day,  which  occurs  on  the  second 
Wednesday  before  the  first  of  Jul}',  and  is  divided 


into  three  terms.  Each  student  is  charged,  for  tuition 
and  incidentals,  $25  a  term.  Forty  scholarships, 
yielding  free  tuition,  are,  however,  set  apart  for 
candidates  for  the  Baptist  ministry,  twelve  similar 
scholarships  for  graduates  of  the  Rochester  city 
schools,  four  similar  scholarships  (endowed)  for 
graduates  of  the  Brockport  State  Normal  School, 
and  six  similar  scholars.hips  (endowed)  for  indi- 
gent students  who  fall  under  neither  of  these  cate- 
gories. The  university  also  has  a  fund  of  S50,00t> 
(the  gift  of  John  H.  Deane,  Esq.,  of  New  York).* 
the  interest  of  which  is  available  for  the  assistance 
of  the  sons  of  Baptist  ministers, — preference  being 
given,  other  things  being  equal,  to  students  from 
the  States  of  New  York  and  New  Jersey.  In 
point  of  fact,  tuition  is  remitted  to  everj'  student 
of  promise  who  really  needs  such  remission,  and 
the  number  of  tiiose  who  do  need  it  is  about  one- 
third  the  whole  number  in  attendance.  The  uni- 
versity also  distributes  about  $300  a  year  in  prizes, 
the  most  important  of  which  is.the  Stoddard  medal, 
valued  at  $100,  for  proficiency  in  mathematics; 
and  there  are,  in  addition,  two  post-graduate  schol- 
arships,— the  Sherman  scholarship  in  the  depart- 
ment of  political  economy,  and  the  Townsend 
scholarship  in  the  department  of  constitutional 
law, — each  of  which  yields,  to  some  member  of 
the  graduating  class,  $300. 

The  University  of  Rochester  has  no  "  dormi- 
tories,"' its  custodians  regarding  them  as  of  ques- 
tionable value  so  far  as  economy  is  concerned,  and 
a  positive  detriment  to  the  student  physically, 
morally,  and  intellectually.  In  a  city  of  the  size 
of  Rochester  it  is  not  difficult  for  the  university  to 
find  suitable  accommodations  for  its  students  in 
Christian  homes;  and  they  are  taught  to  regard 
themselves  as  members  of  the  community  in  which 
they  temporarily  reside,  subject  to  its  laws  and 
amenable  to  its  usages.  The  price  which  the  indi- 
vidual student  pays  for  room  and  board  varies  from 
$3  to  $6  per  week,  making  his  total  expense,  on 
this  account,  for  the  forty  weeks  during  which  the 
college  is  in  session  fall  between  $120  and  $'240  a 
year.  The  students  of  the  university  are  addicted 
to  no  expensive  amusements,  and  are,  as  a  rule, 
economical  in  their  habits.  Some  of  them,  no 
doubt,  with  the  help  of  free  tuition,  get  through 
the  year  for  $250  apiece  ;  and  the  faculty  would 
regard  $500  as  a  liberal  allowance  for  any  one  of 
them.  Meanwhile,  students  for  the  ministry  re- 
ceive aid — in  some  cases  to  the  amount  of  $100  a 
year — from  the  "  Union  for  Ministerial  Education ;" 
and  in  a  city  whose  industries  are  so  numerous  and 
varied  as  those  of  Rochester,  frequent  opportunities 
for  remunerative  employment  that  will  not  seriously 
interfere  with  one's  studies  present  themselves. 

The  discipline  of  the  university,  which  is  ad- 
ministered by  the  president,  is  that  of  the  family 


ROCHESTER 


1005 


ROCHESTER 


rather  than  that  of  the  police  station.  Yotiiij!; 
men  are  put,  as  far  as  possible,  upon  their  honor, 
and  encouraged  to  become,  in  a  high  and  nohle 
sense,  a  law  unto  themselves.  They  are  encour- 
aged fully  to  communicate  with  the  members  of 
the  faculty  upon  all  matters  connected  with  their 
intellectual  and  religious  culture,  as  well  as  with 
reference  to  their  pecuniary  difficulties,  their  plans 
and  purposes.  The  necessity  for  discipline  is  thus 
very  largely  forestalled  by  establishing,  in  place  of 
the  time-honored  antagonism  between  teacher  and 
pupils,  relations  of  personal  friendship  wliich  will 
enable  the  instructor  to  exert  a  constant  influence 
for  good. 

The  discipline,  as  well  as  the  instruction  of  the 
university,  is  facilitated  by  the  fact  that  it  has  no 
*' tutors"  or  "'instructors;"'  that  each  student,  so 
soon  as  he  enters  the  university,  is  brought  in  per- 
sonal contact  with  men  who  have  ma<ie  the  disci- 
pline and  training  of  youth  a  life-study.  The 
time-honored  American  college  course — a  distinc- 
tive outgrowth  of  American  societ}',  whioli  has 
proved  its  usefulness  too  conclusively  to  be  lightly 
set  aside — forms  the  Ijasis  of  instruction  in  the 
university  ;  but  tlie  course  is,  in  accordance  with 
the  demands  of  the  times,  enlarged  in  the  direction 
of  the  modern  languages  and  the  physical  sciences, 
and  is  subject  to  some  variation,  to  adapt  it  better 
to  the  wants  of  the  individual  student  during  the 
Junior  and  Senior  years.  Special  encouragement 
is  given  to  the  best  men  in  each  class  to  pursue 
€Xtra  studies  under  the  immediate  supervision  of 
the  Faculty;  and  many  of  the  students,  in  this 
way,  practically  add  a  fifth  year  to  their  under- 
graduate course.  Great  freedom  of  discussion 
is  permitted  in  the  class-room,  and  the  utmost 
pains  is  taken  in  every  department  of  instruction 
to  trace  the  growth  of  principles  and  the  bearing 
of  conHicting  opinions  on  the  vital  questions  of  the 
present  day.  It  is  a  definite  purpose  with  the 
corps  of  instructors  not  merely  to  store  tlie  mind 
with  facts,  but  to  develop  the  capacity  to  accumu- 
late and  co-ordinate  facts,  and  give  expression  to 
the  principles  which  underlie  them.  Their  para- 
mount object,  however,  is  to  fit  the  students  in- 
trusted to  their  charge,  morally  as  well  as  intel- 
lectually, to  acquit  themselves  as  men  in  any  station 
that  they  may  be  called  to  fill  ;  and  it  is  believed 
that  the  graduates  of  the  University  of  lloi;liester, 
wherever  they  are  found,  evince  an  inde|>endence 
of  thought,  a  breadth  of  culture,  and  an  adapta- 
tion to  the  exigencies  of  practical  life  -with  which 
college  graduates  are  not,  as  a  class,  accredited. 

It  is  necessary  to  supplement  the  cursory  view 
that  has  been  taken  of  the  University  of  Rochester 
as  it  is,  by  an  outline  sketch  of  its  history,  which 
■will  still  further  illustrate  its  distinctive  character. 

As  early  as  1820  the   Baptists  of  the  State  of 


New  York  established  at  Hamilton,  in  Madison 
County,  an  institution  of  learning  which  '•  liad 
one  object  exclusively,  namely,  to  furnish  means 
for  the  education  of  young  men  who  shall  give 
evidence  of  a  call  to  the  Christian  ministry."  'J'he 
object  and  methods  of  instruction  at  Hamilton 
gradually  broadened  in  the  lapse  of  time,  but  not 
to  a  degree  commensurate  with  the  growing  inter- 
ests of  the  New  York  Baptists  in  general,  as  dis- 
tinguished from  distinctively  ministerial,  education. 
Meanwhile,  objection  was  made  to  Hamilton  as  an 
unsuitable  site  for  such  a  college  as  the  Baptists  of 
New  York  would  inevitably  demand,  and  attention 
was  called  to  the  fact  that  west  of  Cayuga  Bridge 
there  was  a  large  section  of  the  State — populous, 
intelligent,  wealthy,  and  rapidly  being  brought 
into  railroad  communication  with  Pennsylvania, 
Canada,  and  the  great  West — which  was  utterly 
destitute  of  collegiate  facilities. 

The  result  was  a  determined  effort,  which  took 
definite  shape  in  1847,  to  remove  Madison  Uni- 
versity to  Rochester,  give  to  its  course  of  study  a 
broader  and  more  generous  character,  and  secure 
for  it  an  .adequate  endowment.  Into  the  heated 
controversy  between  the  frien<ls  and  opponents  of 
removal  to  which  this  proposition  gave  rise  it  is 
not  necessary  or  desirable  to  go.  The  removal  of 
Madison  University  to  Rochester  was  authorized 
by  the  Legislature  of  the  State,  voted  by  its  board 
of  trustees,  and  approved  by  a  large  convention  of 
New  York  Baptists  assembled  at  Albany  in  1849, 
Legal  hindrances  were,  however,  thrown  in  the 
way  of  the  desired  change,  and  the  advocates  of 
removal  made  application  to  "  the  Regents  of  the 
University  of  the  State  of  New  York"  for  a  charter 
for  a  new  college  at  Rocdiester.  This  application 
was  granted  .Jan.  31,  18.iO.  subject  to  the  proviso 
that  §1.30,000  be  raised  for  the  new  college  within 
two  years.  On  the  2d  of  December,  in  the  same 
year,  satisfactory  proof  was  submitted  to  the  regents 
that  this  provision  had  been  complied  with  ;  and, 
Feb.  14,  1851,  the  regents  issued  that  charter  under 
which  the  university  is  now  organized. 

This  charter  did  not  vest  the  control  of  the  uni- 
versity in  any  religious  denomination.  It  simply 
created  a  self-perpetuating  board  of  trustees, — 
twenty-four  in  number, — who  hold  office  for  life, 
but  may  be  removed,  by  vote  of  their  associates, 
for  non-attendance  at  five  successive  annual  meet- 
ings. Twenty  of  the  trustees  named  in  the  charter 
were  Baptists,  and  the  Baptists  have  thus  main- 
tained an  efTective  control  over  the  university. 
Different  religious  denominations  have  always, 
however,  been  represented  in  its  board  of  trustees 
and  faculty  of  instruction  :  and  Methodists,  Presby- 
terians, Episcopalians,  Romanists,  and  .Tews  meet 
on  an  equal  footing, with  Baptists  in  its  chapel  and 
recitation-rooms. 


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]006 


ROCHESTER 


It  must  not  be  inferred  tliat  either  the  legal 
guardians  of  the  University  of  Rochester  or  its  corps 
of  instructors  regard  with  indifference  any  of  the 
truths  inculcated  in  the  Christian  Scriptures.  They 
simply  feel  that  the  colle;;e  class-room  is  no  place 
for  the  discussion  of  those  truths  respecting  which 
(Jhristians  themselves  are  unhappily  divided;  that 
the  true  aim  of  a  denominational  college  is  not  to 
proselyte,  but  to  protect.  Instruction  is  given  in 
every  department  from  a  Christian  stand-point, 
and  in  a  Christian  spirit;  and  it  is  the  aim  of  the 
faculty,  in  connection  with  the  discipline  of  the 
intellect,  to  inculcate  a  pure  morality  and  those 
truths  and  duties  respecting  which  all  evangelical 
Christians  are  agreed.  The  students,  whatever 
their  religious  proclivities,  are  expected  to  attend 
morning  prayers  in  the  university  chapel,  and  at- 
tendance upon  that  exercise  is,  in  point  of  fact,  as 
regular  as  at  any  other. 

The  University  of  Rochester  was  organizea.  under 
the  provisional  charter  granted  by  the  regents,  on 
the  first  Monday  in  November,  1850,  having  at- 
tracted to  itself  five  professors — Thomas  J.  Conant, 
John  S.  Maginnis,  A.  C.  Kendrick,  John  H.  Ray- 
mond, John  F.  Richardson — ami  a  considerable 
number  of  students  from  the  older  institution  at 
Hamilton.  The  first  catalogue  reported  8  instruc- 
tors and  71  pupils:  arid  in  July,  1851,  it  gradu- 
ated its  first  class  of  10.  In  1853,  Martin  B.  An- 
derson, LL.D.,  assumed  the  presidency  of  the  new 
institution,  and  its  ultimale  success  was  from  that 
time  assured.  Still,  it  has  passed  through  many 
periods  of  adversity,  during  which  its  very  exist- 
ence seemed  imperiled ;  and  those  periods  of  ad- 
versity have  corresponded  very  closely  to  our 
periods  of  national  depression  and  gloom.  In 
1856,  when  the  university  was  but  six  years  old, 
its  students  numbered  163,  and  it  seemed  destined 
speedily  to  take  rank  with  institutions  that  could 
boast  of  a  century's  grbwth.  Then  came  the  finan- 
cial crisis  of  1857,  attended  by  pecuniary  embar- 
rassment for  the  university ,v  and  a  diminution  of 
its  Freshman  class  from  47  in  1856  to  28  in  1858. 
In  1860  the  university  seemed  to  have  measurably 
recovered  its  lost  ground.  The  entering  class  num- 
bered 45,  and  the  whole  number  of  students  was 
168.  Then  came  the  civil  war.  The  first  two 
years'  regiment  raised  in  New  York  to  recruit  the 
Union  army  was  raised  and  commanded  l\y  Pro- 
fessor (afterwards  General)  Quin])y.  Of  the  198 
alumni  of  the  university  (including  the  class  of 
1861),  25,  or  about  one  in  eight,  entered  the  service, 
and  these  were  speedily  joined  by  29  of  the  lower 
classmen.  Three  undergraduate  members  of  the 
university  and  seven  of  its  alumni  died  of  wounds 
or  disease  in  the  service  of  their  country,  and  their 
names  are  commemorated  by  a  memorial  tablet  in 
the  university  chapel.     So  far  as  is  known,  only 


one  graduate  of  the  university  entered  the  Confed- 
erate army  ;  and  he  was  faithful  to  the  cause  that 
he  espoused,  and  sealed  his  devotion  ]>y  his  death. 
Not  only  were  the  classes  of  the  university,  but  the 
classes  of  the  preparatory  schools  on  which  it 
relied  for  students,  thus  depleted  by  the  civil  war: 
and  a  tendency  was  developed  among  the  young 
uien  of  the  country  towards  active  rather  than 
student  life,  which  has  hardly  yet  been  outgrown. 
As  a  natural  consequence,  the  entering  class  fell 
as  low  as  19  (in  1864),  and  the  whole  number  of  * 
students  as  low  as  100  (in  1866).  With  the  return 
of  peace  there  was  a  gradual  increase  in  the  num- 
ber of  students,  however,  until,  in  1873,  the  Fresh- 
man class  included  53,  and  the  whole  number  of 
students  in  attendance  was  173.  It  was  not  long 
before  the  financial  distress  of  the  nation  again  in- 
terfered with  the  pecuniary  prosperity  of  the  uni- 
versity, and  sensibly  diminished  the  number  of  its 
students,  who,  in  1878,  were  only  146,  though  there 
are  cheering  indications  of  returning  prosperity. 

During  all  these  vicissitudes  the  University  of 
•Rochester  has  been  sustained  by  the  devotion  of 
its  noble-hearted  president,  supported  by  a  Ijody 
of  friends  and  benefactors  of  whom  any  institu- 
tion of  learning  might  well  be  proud.  Prominent 
among  the  early  friends  of  the  university  stood 
John  N.  Wilder.  Pharcellus  Church,  and  Oren 
Sage,  of  Rochester  ^.AVilliam  L.  Marcy,  Ira  Harris, 
and  Friend  Humphrey,  of  Albany  ;  William  R. 
AVilliams,  Sewall  S.  Cutting,  and  Robert  and  Wil- 
liam Kelley,  of  New  York.  With  these  names  may 
properly  be  associated  that  of  William  N.  Sage, 
who  has  from  the  first  had  charge  of  the  finances 
of  the  university,  and  has  contributed  more  effi- 
ciently to  its  success  than  anj^  other  man  save  its 
first  and  onh'  president.  The  names  of  the  prin- 
cipal pecuniary  benefactors  of  the  univcrsity^  may 
b^  ascertained  from  the  following  list,  which  in- 
cludes the  names  of  all  persons  who  have  sub- 
scribed §10,000  or  more  to  its  funds.  The  sums 
affixed  to  their  respective  names  are  all  the  eulogy 
they,  require:  Hon.  Hiram  Sibley  (library  build- 
ing), $102,000:  John  B.  Trevor.  §113.000;  John 
H.  Deane,  SIOO.OOO;  Hon.  William  Kelley  and 
family,  §38,550 ;  Gen.  John  F.  Rathbone  (library 
fund),  §42.575  ;  Tracy  11.  Harris  (chair  of  Math- 
eipatics),  §30,2.50;  Joseph  B.  Iloyt,  §27.6tX): 
Charles  Pratt,  §25.500  ;  Jeremiah  Millbank, 
§25,000;  John  D.  Rockefeller,  §25,000;  State  of 
New  York  (Anderson  Hall).  §25,000;  Jacob  F. 
Wyckoff.  §22,000;  James  B.  Colgate,  §20.000: 
Gideon  W.  Burbank  (chair  of  Metaphysics),  §17.- 
500;  Lewis  Rathbone  (library  fund).  §12.500: 
Deacon  Oren  Sage  and  family.  §11,765;  Lewis 
Roberts.  §10,925  ;  John  N.  Wilder,  §10,000;  Hon. 
Azariah  Boody  (land).  §10,000. 

The  number  of  students  who  since  the  orcaniza- 


ROCHESTER 


1007 


ROCKWELL 


tion  of  the  university  have  completed  the  classical 
course  and  received  the  degree  of  A.B.  is  707.  The 
number  viho  have  completed  the  scientific  course 
and  received  the  degree  of  B.S.  is  39.  The  whole 
tuiinher  of  graduates,  down  to  and  including  1881, 
is  746.    Of  the  graduates  of  the  university,  ISl  had. 


a  college  that  should  educate  its  students  as  men, 
rather  than  as  ministers,  doctors,  or  lawyers  in 
embryo;  and  make  equal  provision  for  the  sons  of 
the  rich  and  the  sons  of  tlie  poor.  To  such  men 
as  the  Hon.  Henry  Strong,  of  Chicago ;  the  Hon. 
Moreau    S.   Crosby,   of   Grand    Rapids;    Isaac   E. 


in  1878,  entered  the  Christian  ministry,  including      Sheldon,  of  New  York;  P^dwin  0.  Sage,  of  Roitli- 


such  men  as  the  lamented  Kingman  Nott ;  Bridge- 
man,  MacArtluir,  and  Hull,  of  New  York;  Crane, 
of  Boston  ;  Fulton,  of  Brooklyn  ;  Goodspeed,  of 
Chicago  ;  Sage,  of  Hartford  ;  Telford,  Chilcott,  and 
Kreyer,  of  China  ;  Jameson,  of  Bassein  ;  and  Com- 
fort, of  Assam.  One  hundred  ami  nineteen  (repre- 
sented by  such  nieti  as  Judge  Bailey,  of  the  Appellate 
Court  of  Illinois;  Judge  Tourgee,  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  North  Carolina  ;  Judge  Maeomber,  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  New  York)  had  studied  law; 
19  had  studied  medicine;  18  (including  such  names 
as  Manton  Marble,  Joseph  O'Connor,  and  llossiter 


(^stcr  ;  Lieut.-Col.  Elwell  S.  Otis,  of  the  U.  S.  army  ; 
William  H.  Harris,  of  Cleveland  ;  George  F.  and 
William  H.  Davis,  of  Cincinnati,  the  university 
points  in  exemplification  of  the  practical  benefits 
of  the  culture  she  afiords.  Upon  them  she  con- 
fidently relies  for  the  means  to  do  more  and  better 
work  in  the  future  than  she  has  done  in  the  past. 

Rockefeller,  John  D.,  a  resident  of  Cleveland, 
0.,  and  one  of  the  most  successful  business  men 
of  the  day,  began  life  with  few  advantages  save 
honesty  of  purpose  and  a  determined  Christian 
character.     With   a   small   capital   he    commenced 


Johnson)  had  attained  to  a  prominent  position  as  1  business,  and  now  the  company  of  which  he  is  the 


journalists;  90 — or  nearly  one  in  seven  of  the  en- 
tire number  of  graduates — had,  as  professional 
teachers,  transmitted  the  spirit  and  methods  of  the 
University  of  Kochester  to  other  institutions  of 
learning.  Among  them  we  may  mention  Prof.  S. 
H.  Carpenter,  LL.D.,  of  the  University  of  Wiscon- 
sin ;  President  A.  A.  Brooks,  of  Goliad  College, 
Texas;  President  Lemuel  Moss,  D.I).,  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Indiana;  President  Galusha  Anderson, 
D.D.,  and  Prof.  A.  .J.  Howe,  of  the  University  of 


head  employs  thousands  of  men,  and  as  a  result  of 
his  skill  and  economy  Mr.  Rockefeller  has  amassed 
for  himself  a  very  considerable  fortune. 

In  his  business  success,  however,  Mr.  Rocke- 
feller has  not  forgotten  his  obligations  to  God.  He 
has  been  for  years  a  most  faithful  and  valued  mem- 
ber of  the  Euclid  Avenue  Baptist  church  of  Cleve- 
land, and  has  given  large  sums  to  this  body,  to 
missionary  and  other  benevolent  societies,  and  to 
educational   institutions.     One    of  his    latest   and 


Chicago;    President  Sylvanus  Taft,  of  California  most  princely  acts  of  beneficence  was  the  presenta- 

College;   Prof   Wm.   C.   Wilkinson,   D.D.,   of   the  tion  to  Rochester  Theological  Seminary,  at  a  cost  of 

Rochester  Theological  Seminary  ;  Prof.  Wm.  Wirt  about  S^40,000,  of  a  new  buihling  for  lecture-rooms, 

Fay,  of  the  United  States  Naval  Academy;  Prof,  library,  and  chapel,  which,  in  grateful  recognition 

Wm.  Harkness,  of  the  United  States  Naval  Obser-  of  his  services,  has  been  called  Rockefeller  Hall. 

vatory  ;  Prof  John  C.  C.  Clarke,  of  Shurtleff  Col-  '  Mr.  Rockefeller  is  in  the  prime  of  life,  and  is  con- 

lege  ;  Prof.  Norman   Robinson,  of  Bethel  College,  stantly  proving  himself  a  "good  steward"  for  the 

Ky. ;   Prof.  Norman  Fox,  of  AVilliam  Jewell  Col-  Master  of  souls. 

lege.  Mo.  ;  Prof.  1).  II.  Robinson,  of  the  University  Rockwell,  ReV.  Cortland  Butler,  the  pastor  of 

of  Kansas  ;  Prof.  John  C.  Overhiser,  of  the  Brook-  the  Baptist  church  in  Merton,  Wis.,  was  born  in  New 

lyn  Polytechnic  Institute;  Profs.  Otis  II.  Robinson  London,  Conn.,  Nov.  10,  1841.     Here  he  spent  his 

and  William  C.  Morey,  of  the  University  of  Roch-  early  life  until  about  nine  years  of  age,  when  his 

ester  ;  Prof.  Truman  -J.  Backus,  of  Vassar  College  ;  |  fiither's  family  removed  to  Rome,  Bradford  Co.,  Pa. 

Prof.  Carl  T.  Kreyer,  of  Kau-Chang  Mian  College,  |  Eight  years  afterwards  he  returned  with  his  parents 

China;  Prof.   Albert  '1'.   Barrett,   of  Mary  Sharpe  to  his  native  city.     He  obtained  a  ho|)e  in  Christ 

College, Tenn.;  Principal  Malcolm  McVicar,  LL.D.,  |  in  1854,  and  the  same  year  united  with  the  Baptist 


of  the  Potsdam  (N.  Y.)  Normal  School  ;  Principal 
William  J.  Milne,  of  the  Geneseo  (N.  Y.)  Normal 
School  ;  Principal  F.  B.   Palmer,  of  the  Frcdonia 


church  in  Rome,  Pa.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the 
war,  in  1861.  he  entered  the  U.  S.  navy,  and  served 
in  the  position   of  paymaster's   steward,  on   board 


(N.  Y.)  Normal  School;  Prof.  Frank  S.  Capen,  of  '  the  U.  S.  sloop  "  Granite,"  for  a  term  of  three  years. 


the  Cortland  (N.  Y".)  Normal  School ;  Principal  A. 
C.  Winters,  of  Cook  Academy  ;  Principal  Merrill 
E.  Gates,  of  the  Albany  Academy. 

About  one-third  of  the  graduates  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Rochester  have,  it  will  be  seen,  devoted 
themselves  to  active  rather  than  professional  life. — 


Mr.  RockwelTs  conviction  that  he  was  called  to 
preach  the  gospel  began  soon  after  his  conversion, 
and  it  was  only  after  a  struggle  extending  through 
years  that  he  became  obedient  to  the  call  of  God. 
In  October,  1867,  when  twenty-six  years  of  age.  he 
was  licensed  fiy  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  New 


a  fact  which  abundantly  vindicates  the  wisdom  of      London  to  preac-h   the  gospel.      Having  received  a 
its  founders  when  they  recognized  the  demand  for  i  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  cliurch  in  War- 


ROCKWOOD 


1008 


ROGERS 


renville,  in  the  town  of  Ash  ford,  Windham  Co., 
Conn.,  he  was  ordained  by  that  cliurch  Dec.  3,  1868. 
He  was  subsequently  pastor  of  Second  Woodstock, 
Eastford,  Union,  Plainfield,  and  East  Killingly, 
Conn.  In  1879,  having  received  a  call  from  tlie 
Baptist  church  in  Merton,  Wis.,  he  accepted,  and 
removed  to  Merton,  where  he  now  labors.  While 
in  Windham  Co.,  Conn.,  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Legislature  one  year  from  the  town  of  Eastford. 
Mr.  Rockwell's  riiinistry  has  been  marked  by  suc- 
cess. The  churches  have  been  strengthened  and 
many  souls  led  to  Christ  under  his  labors. 

Rockwood,  Rev.  Edwin  J.,  was  born  in  Rem- 
sen,  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  25,  1835  ;  baptized  in 
May,  1852.  He  was  educated  at  Rochester  Uni- 
versity, graduating  with  honors.  lie  was  ordained 
at  Waterloo,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  17,  1803.  From  Water- 
loo he  removed  West.  He  was  pastor  of  the  Bap- 
tist churches  in  Sioux  City  and  Logan,  Iowa,  Bel- 
levue  and  Hastings,  Neb.  At  the  present  time  he 
is  preaching  to  the  Glenville  Baptist  church.  Mr. 
Rockwood  has  labored  for  j'ears  under  great  disad- 
vantage, on  account  of  failing  health. 

Roe,  Charles  Hill,  D.D.,  who  died  at  Belvidere, 
111.,  June  20,  1872,  was  a  native  of  King's  County, 
Ireland,  where  he  was  born  Jan.  6,  1800.  He  was 
the  son  of  a  clei"gyman  of  the  Established  Church, 
and  was  educated  by  his  father  in  English  and 
classical  studies,  with'a  view  to  a  course  at  Trinity 
College,  Dublin,  and  to  orders  in  the  English 
Church.  When  he  was  fourteen  years  of  age  his 
father  died,  and  the  plan  of  study  thus  made  for 
him  was  interrupted.  Through  the  instrumental- 
ity of  an  Irish  Baptisfminister  he  was  converted, 
and  became  a  Baptist.  In  1822  he  entered  Ilorton 
College,  Bradford,  Yorkshire,  England,  then  under 
the  presidency  of  Dr.  Steadman.  Having  com- 
pleted his  course  there,  he  became  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Middleton,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Steadman 
having  become  his  wi^fe.  With  the  work  of  this 
pastorate  he  associated  e.'ctensive  preaching  tours 
in  the  surrounding  country.  This  service  brought 
hiin  so  much  in  contact  with  the  destitution  of 
right  religious  teaching  as  to  interest  him  greatly 
in  the  aims  and  measures  of  the  English  Baptist 
Home  Mission  Society.  In  1834  he  became  secre- 
tary of  that  organization,  and  remained  in  that 
office  until  1842,  when  he  became  pastor  of  an  im- 
portant church  in  Birmingham.  Here,  as  in  former 
spheres  of  service,  his  laljors  wei-e  richly  blessed. 
He  was  a  co-laborer  in  Birmingham  with  the  well- 
known  John  Angell  James,  who,  in  his  book  enti- 
tled '"Nonconformity  in  Birmingham,"  speaks  of 
th-e  700  new  members  added  to  the  church  under 
Mr.  Roe's  ministry,  of  the  1200  children  in  the 
Sunday-school,  and  of  the  various  organizations  of 
Christian  labor  which  had  been  formed  under  his 
guidance. 


In  1851, 'Mr.  Roe  came  to  this  country,  and, 
after  a  brief  stay  in  New  York  and  Milwaukee, 
settled  in  Belvidere,  111.,  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  there.  Here,  again,  his  work  was  fruitful, 
and  the  church  grew  not  only  in  numljers  but  in 
spirituality.  During  the  war  he  was  for  a  portion 
of  the  time  chaplain  of  a  regiment.  He  also,  later, 
visited  England  in  behalf,  of  the  educational  work 
among  the  freedmen.  Upon  his  return  to  this 
country  he  served  two  years  as  pastor  at  Wau- 
kesha, Wis.,  succeeding  Dr.  Robert  Boyd.  Two  • 
years  subsequently  were  spent  in  the  service  of 
the  University  of  Chicago,  of  which  he  was  one  of 
the  founders,  and  with  this  his  public  life  ended,  the 
final  close  coming  soon  after..  The  funeral  at  Bel- 
videre was  very  largely  attended,  the  sermon  being 
by  Dr.  J.  C.  Burroughs,  who  was  followed  in  an 
address  by  Gen.  S.  A.  Hulburt,  Gen.  A.  C.  Fuller, 
and  other  eminent  citizens  of  Illinois. 

Dr.  Roe,  while  beloved  for  his  Christian  virtues, 
and  as  a  spiritual,  eloquent  prejicher,  was  honored 
by  all  classes  of  men  for  his  sterling  manhood.  In 
•both  England  and  the  United  States  he  stood  among 
the  stalwart  men,  and  achieved  a  work  whose  I'ruits, 
in  the  long  succession  of  seed-sowing  and  harvest, 
must  be  permanent. 

Rogers,  Rev.  John,  was  bum  in  Ireland,  of 
English  parentage,  in  November,  1783.  He  was 
converted  in  his  seventeenth  year,  and  joined  the 
Presbyterian  Church,  of  which  his  parents  were 
members.  He  was  educated  for  the  ministry  in 
Edinburgh,  Scotland,  and  became  pasti)r  of  an  In- 
dependent church  near  Belfast  in  1807.  At  his 
first  baptism  his  mind  became  utisettled  on  that 
and  kindred  topics,  and,  after  a  long  investigation, 
he  embraced  the  views  of  the  Baptists,  and  c;in- 
didly  informed  his  people  that  he  could  not  admin- 
ister the  ordinances  according  to  their  mode.  The 
clvurch  invited  him  to  remain,  and  exchange  with 
other  ministers  when  those  rites  were  to  be  ad- 
ministered. In  1811  he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Mr. 
Cook,  and  resigned  his  chai'ge.  Sis  weeks  after- 
wards he  baptized  his  wife.  Some  other  members 
of  the  church  also  changed  their  views.  He  in- 
tended to  come  to  the  United  States,  but  the  war 
detained  him  until  1816.  Soon  after  reaching  New 
York  he  attended  an  Association  in  New  Jersey, 
which  led  to  his  settlement  with  the  church  at  New 
Willis  (now  Pemberton),  where  for  thirteen  years  he 
ministered,  greatly  to  the  increase  and  efficiency  of 
the  church.  In  1829  he  accepted  a  call  froiu  Scotch 
Plains,  where  he  remained  twelve  years,  during 
which  there  were  two  powerful  revivals.  Alter  a 
few  years'  pastorate  at  Perth  Amboy  he  removed  to 
Paterson,  where  he  "fell  asleep,"  Aug.  30,  1849. 

One  who  knew  him  well  has  described  Mr. 
Rogers  as  kind,  courteous,  hospitable,  free-hearted, 
an    excellent   sympathetic    pastor,    an    instructive 


ROGERS 


1009 


ROGERS 


preacher,  an  able  divine.  lie  was  a  warm  ailvo- 
cate  and  supporter  of  missionary  movements.  He 
always  maintained  the  dijinity  of  a  man,  a  Chris- 
tian, and  a  minister.  Ilis  son,  A.  W.  Roj;ers, 
M.l).,  still  livinj;  in  Faterson,  N.  J.,  is  not  only  a 
useful  and  beloved  physician,  but  is  a  licensed 
preacher,  and  a  liberal  j^iver  to  the  cause  of  God. 

Rogers,  Rev.  John,  was  for  a  time  rector  of 
Purlei^h,  in  England,  during  the  Parliamentary 
war,  then  lecturer  in  the  church  of  St.  Thomas 
the  Apostle,  in  London,  and  subsequently  minister 
of  Christ's  churcii,  I)ul)lin,  a  building  containing 
the  remains  and  monument  of  the  celebrated 
Strongbow,  and  attended,  during  the  ministry  of 
Thomas  Patient  and  John  Rogers,  by  the  Mte 
of  English  society  in  Ireland.  Mr.  Rogers  was  a 
Baptist.  His  wife,  whom  he  married  in  1649,  was 
the  daughter  of  Sir  Robert  Paine,  of  Huntingdon- 
shire. Mr.  Rogers  ad()))ted  the  principles  of  tiie 
Fifth-Monarchy  men,  and  li(>  became  very  unfriendly 
to  Cromwell's  government.  He  was  a  pupular 
speaker,  with  many  friends,  and  with  a  dangerous 
candor  in  expressing  his  sentiments.  He  would 
utter  petitions  like  this  in  his  public  prayers:  "O 
Lord!  hasten  the  time  when  all  absolute  power 
shall  be  devolved  into  the  hands  of  Ciirist;  when 
we  shall  have  no  lord  protector  but  our  Lord 
Jesus  Christ,  the  only  true  protector  and  defender 
of  the  faith  ;"  and  he  would  publish  such  doctrines 
by  the  printing-press.  The  result  was  the  impris- 
onment of  the  bold  Baptist.  It  could  not  be  other- 
wise in  the  case  of  a  man  possessed  of  such  influ- 
ence. Cromwell's  order  to  the  officer  who  arrested 
him  ran  :  "  Sir,  I  desire  you  to  seize  INIaj.-Gen. 
Harrison,  Mr.  Carew,  Portman,  and  such  as  are 
eminent  Fifth-Monarchy  men,  especially  Feah'e 
and  Rogers:  do  it  speedily,  and  you  shall  have  a 
warrant  after  you  have  done."'  The  form  of  this 
order  shows  the  powerful  influence  wielded  by  the 
two  Baptist  ministers,  and  it  proves  that  they  had 
inspired  the  great  Protector  with  alarm.  Brook 
says.  "After  Cromwell  had  deserted  these  sec- 
taries, he  took  umbrage  at  the  great  popularitv 
and  enterprising  spirit  of  Rogers;  and  was  little 
less  apprehensive  of  Feake,  wiio  was  also  regarded 
as  a  leader  of  that  party."'  Mr.  Rogers  was  the 
author  of  several  works.  These  were  issued  in  a 
thick  quarto  in  16.53. 

Rogers,  Rev.  Peter,  son  of  Peter,  a  descendant 
of  Joiin.  the  martyr,  was  born  in  New  London, 
Conn.,  in  17.')4.  In  the  early  jiart  of  the  Revolu- 
tion he  served  on  a  privateer,  later  he  entered  the 
army,  and  won  distinction  in  the  Washington  Life- 
(juard.  In  March,  1790.  he  was  ordained  pastor 
of. the  Baptist  church  in  Bozrah,  Conn.     His  first 


*  Brook's  Lives  of  thp  Puritans,  iii.  327,  328.    London,  1813. 
Evans's  Early  Englisli  Bapiists,  ii.  214.     London,  1846. 


wife  was  Miss  Green,  his  second  was  the  daughter 
of  Rev.  Zadoc  Darrow,  of  Waterford,  Conn.  He 
died  in  Illinois  in  1849,  in  the  Tiinety-si.\th  year 
of  his  age,  and  the  sixtieth  of  his  ministry. 

Rogers,  Lieut.  Robert,  was  born  in  Newport, 
R.  I.,  April  19,  IT-OS.  Converted  at  the  age  of  six- 
teen, he  joined  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Provi- 
dence. He  was  a  graduate  of  Brown  University 
in  the  class  of  177.'3,  and  a  member  of  the  corpora- 
tion for  nearly  forty-nine  years.  He  was  connected 
with  the  American  army  as  a  lieutenant,  and  fought 
for  the  liberty  of  his  country  during  the  Revolu- 
tionary war.  On  leaving  his  military  life,  he  de- 
voted himself  to  studies  congenial  with  his  tastes, 
and  conducted  for  many  years,  in  his  native  town, 
a  classical  school  of  a  very  high  character.  He  was 
intimately  connected  with  the  Redwood  Library, 
as  its  secretary,  treasurer,  and  librarian.  He  was 
a  most  devoted  member  of  the  church.  Respect('(l 
and  beloved  in  the  community  in  which  he  had  so 
long  lived,  he  died  Aug.  .5,  183.5. 

Rogers,  William,  D.D.,  was  born  in  New]iort, 
R.  I.,  July  22,  1751.  It  is  stated  that  he  was  the 
first,  .and  for  several  days  the  only  student  of  Rhode 
Island  College.  He  was  then  but  fourteen  years 
of  age.  He  graduated  in  1769.  A  comparison  has 
been  drawn  between  Archbishop  Ussher  and  Dr. 
Rogers  in  their  talents  and  in  their  relations  to  the 
universities  in  which  they  studied.  Ussher,  it  is  as- 
serted, was  the  first  student  of  Trinity  College,  Dub- 
lin. He  says  himself  that  he  was  "  among  the  first.'" 
The  archbishop  was  one  of  the  most  learned  men 
that  ever  lived  ;  and  Dr.  Rogers,  with  no  claim  to  his 
great  learning,  reflected  the  highest  honor  upon  his 
alma  mater.  In  1770  tiie  Saviour  revealed  his  par- 
doning love  to  him,  after  which  he  united  with  the 
Second  Baptist  church  of  Newport.  In  Jlay,  1772, 
he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
of  Philadelphia.  He  sustained  this  new  relatinn 
for  three  years,  with  great  advantage  to  the 
struggling  church  ;  its  congregations  were  largely 
increased,  and  men  like  Dr.  Benjamin  Rush  came  to 
hear  the  eloquent  young  preacher.  When  Pennsyl- 
vania raised  three  battalions  of  foot  for  the  Revo- 
lutionary war,  the  Legislature  appointed  Dr. 
Rogers  their  chaplain.  Afterwards  he  was  a 
brigade  chaplain  in  the  Continental  army.  For  five 
years  he  followed  the  fortunes  of  the  Revolutionary 
army  as  an  unwearie<l  and  honored  chaplain. 

His  relations  with  AVashington  were  intimate 
and  cordial.  Dr.  Reuben  A.  Guild  quotes  the  fol- 
lowing from  an  pjuglish  gentleman  who  visited 
Philadelphia  in  1793  :  "  After  traveling  through  an 
extremely  pleasant  country  we  arrived  in  Philadel- 
phia and  waited  on  Dr.  Rogers.  Dr.  Rogers  is  a 
most  entertaining  and  agreeable  man  :  we  were 
with  him  a  great  part  of  the  time  we  remained  in 
the  city,   and   were    introduced    by    him    to    Gen. 


ROSE 


1010 


ROSS 


Washington.  The  general  was  not  at  home  when 
we  called,  but  while  we  were  talking  with  his  pri- 
vate secretary  in  the  hull  he  came  in,  and  spoke 
to  Dr.  Rogers  with  the  greatest  ease  and  familiarity. 
He  immediately  asked  us  up  to  the  drawing-roorii, 
where  were  Lady  Washington  and  his  two  nieces." 

Dr.  Rogers  was  for  many  years  Professor  of 
Oratory  and  Belles-Lettres  in  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  a  position  which  was  never  more 
worthily  filled  by  any  of  his  honored  successors. 
His  popularity  in  Philadelphia  and  throughout  the 
country  was  remarkable,  and  it  was  limited  to  men 
of  no  special  opinions,  religious  or  political. 

He  belonged  to  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and  fre- 
quently addressed  his  brethren  on  public  occasions. 
He  was  in  the  General  Assembly  of  his  adopted 
State  during  the  sessions  of  181G  and  1817.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  various  societies  in  Philadel- 
phia which  existed  to  promote  knowledge,  relieve 
misery,  and  spread  gospel  light.        . 

A  gentlemau  of  refinement,  with  learned  attain- 
ments, a  large  heart,  and  an  unswerving  faith  in 
the  blessed  Redeemer,  Dr.  Rogers  necessarily  lived 
in  the  affections  of  all  that  knew  him.  And  when 
he  passed  away,  April  7,  1824,  it  was  univei-sally 
felt  that  our  country  had  lost  one  of  its  best  citi- 
zens, and  our  denomination  one  of  its  brightest 
ornaments. 

Rose,  Rev.  A,  T.,  was  a  graduate  of  the  Ham- 
ilton Literary  and  Theological  Institution,  and 
was  appointed  a  missionary  to  Burmah  in  October, 
1851.  He  sailed  for  the  place  of  his  destination 
Jan.  17,  1853,  arriving  in  Akyab  the  following 
May.  Before  him  was"  every  prospect  of  a  health- 
ful and  agreeable  residence,  bat  a  sad  cloud  was 
thrown  over  these  prospects  by  the  sudden  death 
of  Mrs.  Rose,  who  was  attacked  with  the  cholera, 
and  died  after  a  short  illness.  In  accordance 
with  his  own  request,  Mr.  Rose's  connection  with 
the  Union  in  1854  w'as  dissolved,  and  he  was  a 
government  school-teacher  until  1861.  He  was 
re-appointed  in  October  of, this  year,  and  com- 
menced his  laljors  in  the  Burmese  department  of  the 
Rangoon  Mission.  He  engaged  in  the  usual  rou- 
tine of  missionary  labor,  and,  judging  from  the  re- 
ports we  have,  he  was  successful,  by  the  living  voice 
and  the  printed  page,  in  reaching  a  large  number 
of  jiersons.  The  report  of  1867  speaks  encour- 
agingly of  his  excursions  in  various  directions 
from  Rangoon.  In  some  of  these  trips  he  was  ab- 
sent six  or  eight  weeks.  A  visit  of  this  kind  to 
Thongzai  is  spoken  of  as  one  of  great  interest. 
Such  labors  Mr.  Rose  speaks  of  as  ''  the  cream  of 
missionary  work,  both  as  to  usefulness  and  enjoy- 
ment."' AYIiile  on  one  of  these  tours  to  the  north 
in  1868,  he  contracted  a  fever,  which  so  enfeebled 
liim  that  he  was  obliged  to  return  to  this  country, 
where   he    remained    for  several    years.      A  part 


of  this  time  he  was  tiie  pastor  of  the  Jefferson 
Street  church  in  Providence,  R.  I.  Having  been 
re-appointed  by  the  Union,  he  i-eturned  to  Bunuaii 
in  1874,  and  resumed  the  work  of  former  j-ears. 
During  1875  he  was  absent  nearly  six  months  on  a 
missionary  tour  to  Northern  Burmah.  The  reports 
of  what  has  been  accomplished  the  last  two  years 
are  full  of  interest  and  hqpe.  Mr.  Rose  is  one  of 
the  busiest  and  most  active  of  the  missionaries  of 
the  Union. 

Rose,  Rev.  Frank  Bramwell,  was  bom  in 
Tuckerton,  N.  J.,  April  5.  1S36.  At  the  age  oT"six 
he  removed  to  Philadelphia,  receiving  a  puljlic- 
school  education,  finishing  at  the  High-School  in 
1852.  He  was  converted  at  the  age  of  twelve,  in 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  He  resigned  a 
responsible  position  in  a  bank  in  1859  to  enter  the 
ministry  of  the  Methodist  Church  :  was  ordained 
thereto  by  Bishop  Levi  Scott,  and  appointed  first 
to  Freehold  and  subsequently  to  St.  James'  church. 
New  Brunswick,  N.  J.  In  Sppteraber,  1862.  he 
was  appointed  by  Gov.  Olden,  of  New  Jersey. 
43haplain  of  the  14th  Regiment  N.  J.  Vols.,  serving 
as  such  for  three  years,  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
participating  in  the  battles  of  Locust  Grove,  Wil- 
derness, Spottsylvania,  Cold  Harbor,  Monocacy, 
Winchester,  Fisher's  Hill,  Cedar  Creek,  etc.  At 
the  close  of  the  war  he  announced  his  clear  convic- 
tion of  the  more  Scriptural  faith  and  practice  of 
the  Baptists,  and  received  baptism  on  profession  of 
faith,  in  the  winter  of  1865,  at  the  hands  of  Rev. 
AVilliam  S.  Hall,  in  the  Enon  church  of  Philadel- 
phia. The  same  year  he  was  duly  ordained  to 
the  ministry  by  direction  of  a  council  of  which  D. 
Henry  Miller,  D.D..  was  moderator,  and  accepted 
a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
of  Camden,  N.  J.,  serving  it  four  years.  In  1870 
he  was  appointed  by  President  Grant  chaplain  in 
the  U.  S.  navy,  and  has  since  served  in  the  South 
Atlantic  and  Pacific,  upon  the  flag-ships  "  Lancas- 
ter"' and  "  Pensacola,"  and  upon  the  "  Potomac"" 
and  "  Constitution.'"  Whilst  unassigned  to  active 
naval  duty,  in  1879-80.  he  served  the  Second  church 
of  Camden  as  pastor  for  eighteen  months.  Now 
(1880)  he  is  on  board  U.  S.  training-ship  "  Constitu- 
tion," the  "  Old  Ironsides''  of  the  war  of  1812,  Mr. 
Rose  is  a  cultured  and  talented  minister,  who  en- 
joys the  confidence  and  aft'ection  of  bis  Baptist 
brethren. 

Ross,  Rev.  Michael,  was  born  in  England.  In 
youth  he  was  thoroughly  instructed  in  the  ritual 
and  doctrines  of  the  Church  of  England.  Coming 
to  America  in  early  manhood,  he  was  converted  : 
entered  the  ministry  of  the  Baptist  Church  ;  served 
important  churches  in  Alabama  and  Mississippi 
many  years  with  signal  ability  and  success.  Re- 
moving to  Texas,  he  faithfully  served  the  Texas 
Baptist  State  Convention  as  general  agent.     He 


ROTHMAN 


1011 


ROTH  WELL 


was  pastor  of  the  Indppendence  cliurcli  froiii  1S58 
to  1804,  sorvinjr  the  church  aoceptiibly,  proving 
himself  to  he  a  woriorian  that  nccdeth  not  to  be 
ashaineil.  Few  men  liad  a  more  thorough  knowl- 
ediro  of  tlie  Holy  Scriptures,  or  could  quote  them 
more  accurately.  He  died  at  Independence,  Texas, 
in  December,  1865,  in  the  sixty-sixth  year  of  ids  age. 

Rothman,  Bernard.— See  article  Anahaptists. 

Rothwell,  Andrew,  was  l)orn  in  Ridley  town- 
ship, Delaware  Co.,  Pa.,  Nov.  11,  1801.     His  father 


ANDREW     ROTH  WELL. 

was  a  native  of  Cecil  Co.,  Md.,  whence  he  re- 
moved in  his  youth  to  Tinicum  Island,  Pa.  Mr. 
Uothwell's  mother  died  while  still  young,  leaving 
eight  small  and  helpless  children,  wlio  were  placed 
for  care  and  protection  in  several  families  of  their 
friends.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  resided  with 
Dr.  Henry  Paschall,  of  Kingsessing.  where  most 
of  his  time  was  occupied  with  farming,  spending 
only  three  months  in  the  year  at  school.  In  his 
seventeenth  year  he  entered  the  printing-office  of 
\Vm.  Frey,  Philadelphia,  remaining  five  years  and 
acquiring  an  unusually  accurate  knowledge  of  the 
l)usines8.  When  nine  years  of  age  he  became 
deeply  impressed  with  religious  convictions,  and. 
while  engaged  in  his  business  in  Philadelphia,  he 
was  converted  and  baptized  by  Dr.  Staughton,  be- 
coming a  member  of  the  Sansom  Street  church  in 
that  city.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  removed 
to.  Washington,  and  was  employed  in  the  office  of 
Gales  &  Seaton.  printers  to  Congress,  and  publish- 
ers of  the  Natioiiid  Intelliiicnrvr.  In  182S.  associ- 
ated with  T.  W.  Ustick.  he  commenced  in  Washinji- 


ton  the  public:ition  of  a  newspaper,  The  Washirif/loii 
Cily  (yiroiiic/e,  which  was  discontinued  after  a  few 
years.  In  1831,  Mr.  Rothwell  entered  the  service 
of  the  city  government  as  receiver  of  taxes,  which 
position  he  retained  for  nearly  twenty  years.  Sub- 
sequently he  occupied  for  a  number  of  years  a 
position  in  the  U.  S.  Navy  Department.  On  liis 
removal  to  Washington  he  became  a  member  of  the 
Second  I5aj)tist  church  (Navy-Yard),  with  wliich 
he  was  connected  for  a  long  time.  In  1842,  asso- 
ciated with  a  few  others,  he  took  a  leading  part  in 
the  formation  of  the  K  Street  Baptist  church,  where 
his  membership  still  is.  having,  during  the  entire 
period,  filled  important  offices,  including  that  of 
deacon.  He  has  done  much  for  this  church,  both 
by  his  labors  and  his  lil^eral  contributions.  Since 
the  year  18.35  he  has  been  continuously  a  member 
of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Columbian  College, 
portions  of  the  time  occupying  the  offices  of  secre- 
tary and  of  treasurer.  He  has  always  manifested 
a  deep  interest  in  tlie  college,  and  has  generdusly 
contributed  to  its  funds.  He  is  also  an  active  pro- 
moter of  various  benevolent  institutions,  and  has 
been  for  more  tiian  thirty  years  a  zealous  member 
of  the  board  of  inanagers  of  the  Washington  Bil)le 
Society.  In  183)i  he  pre|)ared  a  valuable  compila- 
tion of  the  laws  relating  to  the  city  of  Washington 
and  the  District  of  Columbia;  and  in  1867  he  pre- 
pared and  published  a  valuable  [lamphlet,  "History 
of  the  Baptist  Institutions  of  the  District  of  Col- 
umbia." 

Rothwell,  W.  R.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Garrard 
Co.,  Ivy.,  Sept.  li,  18,'j|.  He  was  the  son  of  the 
late  Dr.  John  Rothwell,  of  Callaway  Co.,  Mo.  His 
mother  was  China  Renfro.  Both  of  his  parents 
were  of  Virginian  birth  and  British  descent.  Ilis 
father's  family  removed  to  Missouri  after  his  birth 
in  1831.  He  graduated  in  1854  at  the  University 
of  Missouri  with  the  first  honors  in  a  class  of  ten 
members.  In  1874  his  alma  mater,  in  honorable 
recognition  of  his  distinction  as  a  man  of  letters, 
conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  D.D. 

Every  nioiiicnt  of  Dr.  Uothwell's  time  since  his 
graduation  has  been  one  of  intellectual  activity 
and  usefulness.  From  1854  to  1856  he  was  princi- 
pal of  Elm  Ridge  Academy.  He  was  the  first 
president  of  the  Baptist  Female  College  at  Colum- 
bia, Mo.  (now  known  as  Stephens  College),  and 
after  one  year  of  service  there  he  was  elected  to 
succeed  th<!  Rev.  Wm.  Thompson.  LL.D..  as  presi- 
dent of  Mount  Pleasant  College.  In  1860  he  was 
ordained  to  the  ministry  of  the  gospel,  and  was 
successively  pastor  of  the  Baptist  churches  at 
Huntsville  and  Kcytesville,  Mo.  During  the  years 
1871  and  1872  he  was  corresponding  secretary  of 
the  Baptist  General  Association  of  Missouri,  in 
which  position  he  acquitted  himself  with  marked 
ability.      His    letters    and    communications    while 


Roussr 


1U12 


ROWLAND 


corresponding  secretary  are  noted  as  being  among 
the  most  graceful  and  forcible  that  have  advocated 
the  interests  of  that  body.  In  1872,  Dr.  Rothvsrell 
was  unanimously  elected  Professor  of  Theology 
and  Moral  Philosophy  in  AYilliain  Jewell  College, 
a  place  whieii  he  still  fills  with  great  distinction. 

In  his  eight  years'  professorship  of  Theology  he 
has  instructed  for  a  longer  or  shorter  time  150 
young  ministers  of  Missouri  and  the  AVest.  Since 
1874  he  has  been  chairman  of  the. faculty. 

Dr.  Rothwell  is  in  the  prime  of  life  and  mental 
vigor.  He  is  one  of  the  most  modest  and  unas- 
suming of  men,  but  his  very  high  sense  of  duty 
always  impels  him  to  the  front  whenever  principle 
or  honor  calls.  He  is  a  "  scholar  and  a  ripe  one," 
of  elegiint  culture,  and  a  man  of  liberal,  expansive 
views.  Probably  no  man  in  the  State  stands  higher 
in  the  love  and  confidence  of  his  denomination. 

Roussy,  B,ev.  Louis,  was  born  in  the  canton 
de  Vaud,  Switzerland,  and  died  in  1,880  at  Grande 
Ligne,  province  of  Quebec,  in  the  sixty-ninth  year 
of  his  age.  Converted  when  very  young,  Mr. 
Roussy  early  in  life  felt  his  heart  drawn  out 
towards  the  cause  of  missions.  At  the  age  of  nine- 
teen he  commenced  the  work  of  colportage  in 
France,  which  he  carried  on  for  two  years.  But 
when  a  missionary  seminary  was  opened  at  Lau- 
sanne in  his  native  land,  the  object  of  which  was 
to  prepare  young  men  for  the  foreign  field,  he  dis- 
continued his  work  in  France,  and  was  one  of  the 
first  to  enter  the  seminary.  In  1835,  Mr.  Roussy 
accompanied  Madame  Feller  to  Canada,  arriving 
in  Montreal  on  the  31st  of  October,  1835.  After  a 
few  months  spent  in  the  work  of  French  Canadian 
evangelization  in  Montreal  and  St.  John,  province 
of  Quebec  (where,  especially  in  St.  John,  he  met 
with  violent  opposition),  he  Avent  to  Grande  Ligne. 
On  the  30th  of  June,  18.37,  he  baptized  four  con- 
verts, who,  with  himself  and  Madame  Feller,  were 
organized  into  the  first  French  Protestant  church 
ever  founded  in  Canada.  (For  fuller  information 
respecting  the  mission  whicb  Mr.  Roussy  assisted 
in  estal)lishing,  and  in  connection  with  which  he 
labored  forty-five  years,  see  article  Grand  Ligne 
Evangelical  Society.).  Courageous  and  courteous, 
patient  and  loving,  full  of  faith,  and  ever  zealous 
for  his  Master's  glory,  Mr.  Roussy  was  a  most  effi- 
cient and  devoted  missionary  of  the  Cross. 

Rowan,  Rev.  Thomas  J.,  tlie  youngest  of  nine 

children,  was  born  in  Copiaii  Co.,  Miss.,  Dec.  9, 
1854.  He  was  always  considered  a  pious  and 
model  boy,  but  was  not  converted  until  sixteen 
years  of  age.  Having  the  ministry  in  view,  he 
became  a  student  of  Centenary  College,  Jackson, 
La.,  under  the  care  of  Rev.  C.  G.  Andrews,  a  dis- 
tinguished Methodist  divine.  By  his  brilliant  in- 
tellect and  studious  habits  he  soon  won  the  esteem 
and  confidence  of  all  the  professors,  especially  the 


president,  who  invited  him  to  his  home  and  into 
his  family,  treating  him  more  like  a  son  or  com- 
panion than  as  a  pupil.  Possessing  as  he  does  an 
ardent  love  for  God's  Word,  regarding  its  teachings 
as  above  the  opinions  of  men,  and  knowing  that 
the  Master  whom  he  had  professed  to  love  pre- 
ferred obedience  to  sacrifice,  he  began  to  pass 
through  the  bitterest  and,  j-et  sweetest  experience 
of  his  life  when  he  undertook  a  prayerful  investi- 
gation of  the  subjects  of  baptism  and  communion. 
Here  he  had  to  pass  through  deep  waters,  which 
caused  an  illness  so  severe  that  it  took  montUs  to 
recover.  Deliberate  in  reaching  his  conclusion, 
he  asserted  his  indisputable  right  in  maintaining 
it;  and  in  his  eighteenth  year,  while  a  student 
of  Centenary  College,  he  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  at  Jackson,  La.,  and  was  baptized  by  Rev. 

5.  A.  Hayden.  By  the  same  church  he  was  or- 
dained. Revs.  S.  A.  Ilayden  and  Geurge  Ilayden 
constituting  the  Presbytery.  Alter  changing  his 
faith  he  entered  Mississippi  Qpllege.  His  deep 
toned  piety,  brilliancy,  eloquence,  and  modesty,  as 
jvell  as  manliness,  secured  for  him  the  admiration 
of  the  whole  school  and  community.  He  was 
elected  orator  for  his  literary  societj'  several  times, 
and  was  considered  its  brightest  star.  He  com- 
pleted the  A.B.  course  at  Mississippi  College  at 
the  age  of  twenty-one. 

Eider  Rowan  spent  three  years  and  a  half  in  the 
Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  com- 
pleting the  full  course,  except  a  small  portion  of 
the  Hebrew  and  Latin. 

His  sermons  are  noted  for  brevity  (scarcely  ever 
exceeding  thirty  minutes),  unity,  simplicity, — 
within  the  gi-asp  of  a  ciiild, — accuracy,  and  niuch 
thought  for  a  young  man. 

He  succeeded  Dr.  Landrum  as  the  pastor  of  the 
Central  Baptist  church,  ^Memphis,  Tenn.,  where 
his  labors  are  much  blessed,  and  a  hopeful  future 
is  opening  to  his  view. 

Rowden,  Philip,  M.D.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Eng- 
land in  1828.  In  early  life  he  came  to  New  York. 
He  w.as  converted,  and  joined  the  church  in  New- 
ark, N.  J.  He  was  pastor  in  Newark,  in  Bronson, 
Mich.,  and  in  Chili,  Ind.  The  churches  enjoyed 
many  genuine  revivals  during  his  pastorates.  He 
was  a  man  of  studious  habits  and  deep  research. 
At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  vice-president  of 
the  American  Anthropological  Association,  He 
died  at  his  home  in  Rochester,  Ind.,  April  4,  1875. 

Rowland,  A.  Judson,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Val- 
ley Forge,  Pa.,  Fob.  9,  1840 ;  was  baptized  at  Law- 
renceville.    Pa.,   by  Rev.  AV.   H.   II.   Marsh,  Jan. 

6,  1858;  entered  the  Sophomore  class  of  the  uni- 
versity at  Lewisburg  in  1859,  and  graduated  with 
first  honors  in  1862:  was  ordained  at  Lawrencc- 
ville,  October,  1802;  was  chaplain  of  the  175th 
Regiment  Pa.  Vols,  from  September,  1862,  to  July, 


ROWLAND 


1013 


ROY ALL 


1803  ;  entered  Rochester  Tlieoloj^iciil  Seminary  in 
the  (all  of  1S63,  and  coinjilete<l  the  full  course  of 
study  in  186t).  In  July,  1860,  became  pastor  of 
Mount  Auhurn  church,  Cincinnati,  0.,  which  po- 


A.  JL'DSON     ROWLAND,   D.I). 

Hition  he  resigned  in  1868  to  assume  the  presidency 
of  the  Mount  Auburn  Institute, — a  .school  of  high 
grade  for  young  women.  In  1870  he  ))ecame  pas- 
tor of  the  First  church.  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  In  1872 
he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Tenth  church,  Philadel- 
phia, where  he  still  remains.  He  has  for  years 
been  a  regular  correspondent  for  several  denomi- 
national journals,  and  has  published  a  number  of 
sermons  and  reviews.  In  1879  he  preached  the 
doctrinal  sermon  before  the  Philadelphia  Baptist 
Association.  He  is  a  member  of  various  educa- 
tional and  missionary  boards,  and  is  prominently 
and  actively  engaged  in  the  general  work  of  the 
denomination.  He  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  in 
1880  from  the  university  at  Lewisburg. 

Dr.  Rowland  is  a  man  of  superior  mind,  pleasing 
manners,  studious  habits,  extensive  learning,  and 
exemplary  piety.  As  pastor  of  a  large  and  influ- 
ential church,  he  magnifies  liis  office,  and  is  very 
highly  esteemed  in  love  for  his  work's  sake.  His 
sermons  are  rich  in  original  thought  and  Bible 
knovvledj^e,  clear  in  expression,  and  impressive  in 
delivery.  His  writings  show  enlarged  acquaint- 
ance with  books  and  men.  He  has  gathered  a  large 
library  of  choice  and  standard  works,  which  he 
utilizes  with  rare  ability.  He  is  the  first  and  the 
successful  editor  of  Our  Yoniii/  I'tojite,  a  very  able 
monthly  journal  for  the  older  scholars  in  our  Sun- 


day-schools. This  paper  deserves  the  great  circu- 
lation it  has  already  secured,  and  under  its  gifted 
editor  it  will  be  a  still  greater  power  among  the 
young. 

Rowley,  Rev.  Moses. — 'I'his  pioneer  mission- 
ary, now  residing  at  Mazomanie,  Wis.,  at  the  ad- 
vanced age  of  eighty-four  years,  is  a  native  of 
Swanton,  Vt.  He  was  born  again  and  baptiz('(l 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Bai)tist  church  in  (>ouv- 
erneur,  N.  Y.,  in  1817:  commenced  preaching  in 
1830,  in  Erie  Co.,  N.  Y.,  and  was  ordained  at  Kvans, 
N.  Y.,  in  1833.  He  has  been  in  the  active  work 
of  the  ministry  fifty-one  y<'ars.  lie  was  pastor  of 
twenty  churches,  none  of  which  was  able  to  sup- 
port him  when  settled.  As  soon  as  the  church  he 
served  was  able  to  give  him  a  competent  support 
he  resigned  his  pastorate,  after  having  provided  an 
acceptable  successor.  With  his  call  to  the  mitiis- 
try  he  had  clearly  indicated  to  hiin  that  his  work 
was  to  preach  the  gospel  to  the  feeble  churches  and 
to  collect  the  scattered  members  of  Christ's  Hock 
on  the  frontiers.  "  Christ  sent  me,''  he  writes, 
■■  not  to  baptize,  but  to  preach  the  gospel  to  his 
poor."  And  of  these,  multitudes  have  heard  the 
pure  gospel  of  Christ  from  his  lips.  He  gave 
thirty-two  years  of  his  life  to  strictly  itineraiit  and 
missionary  labor.  Of  these,  thirteen  years  he  was 
in  the  service  of  the  New  York  Baptist  Convention 
and  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society. 
He  organized  seventeen  churches,  nearly  all  on 
the  frontier,  and  baptized  about  400  persons.  He 
has  been  a  resident  of  Wisconsin  thirty-two  years. 
In  1876,  when  nearly  eighty  years  of  age,  he  went 
to  Nebraska  to  engage  again  in  the  work  to  which 
he  had  given  the  best  part  of  his  life, — to  preach 
the  gospel  to  Christ's  poor  and  gather  the  scattered 
believers  into  churches.  Thus  for  four  years  longer 
he  engaged  in  his  loved  work, — organizing  churches 
in  Hamilton  and  York  Counties,  and  providing  for 
them  houses  of  worship.  The  Lord  has  granted 
this  minister  of  the  gospel  a  long  and  very  useful 
life,  and  he  is  now  waiting  to  hear  the  Master  call, 
'"Give  an  account  of  thy  stewardship." 

Royal,  Rev.  Young  R.,  a  pioneer  preacher  in 
Arkansas,  was  born  in  North  Carolina  in  1812. 
He  professed  religion  in  1838,  and  in  1840  was  li- 
censed to  preach.  In  1842  he  removed  to  what  is 
now  Drew  Co.,  Ark.,  and  was  ordained  in  Missis- 
sippi the  following  year.  In  1848  he  was  one  of  a 
Convention  that  organized  the  Bartholomew  Bap- 
tist Association,  of  which  he  was  chosen  modera- 
tor, a  position  he  continued  to  hold  until  his  deatli. 
He  labored  very  assiduously  in  the  gospel,  and 
many  churches  were  gathered  through  his  instru- 
mentality. He  also  filled  one  term  of  clerk  of  the 
District  Court  of  Drew  County.     He  died  in  1807. 

Royall,  Wm.,  D.D.,  was  born  July  30,  1823, 
in  Edgefield  District,  S.  C.     From  six  to  thirteen 


ROY ALL 


1014 


RUGGLES 


resided  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  For  two  years  was  a 
pupil  of  Furnian  Institution,  Fairfield  District, 
S.  C,  then  under  charge  of  his  uncle,  Prof.  W.  E. 
Bailey.     Entered  South  Carolina  College,  Colum- 


WM.  ROVALL,  D.D. 

bia,  Sophomore  class,  when  fifteen  years  old,  and 
graduated  in  1841  in  a  class  of  sixty.  He  enjoyed 
the  rare  advantages  of  instruction,  under  Dr.  James 
H.  Thornwell,  in  logic-and  metaphysics;  Dr.  Wm. 
Hooper,  in  languages :  Bishop  Stephen  Elliott,  in 
evidences  of  Christianity  ;  and  Dr.  Francis  Lieber, 
in  political  economy ;  to  the  instructions  of  the 
last  named  he  has  ever  felt  most  deeply  indebted. 
After  graduating,  taught  as  an  assistant  in  a  high 
school  in  Charleston,, and  studied  law  two  years 
under  Hon.  Heni-y  Bailey,  attorney-general  of 
South  Carolina.  Trained  by  a  grandfather,  an 
elder  in  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and  taught  by 
Rev.  Charles  Lanneau,  in  a  Sunday-school  class 
out  of  which  came  six  preachers.  He  does  not  re- 
member the  time  when  he  was  not  the  subject  of 
religious  impressions.  In  the  great  rt^vival  of  1835, 
under  the  fervent  preaching  of  Richard  Fuller, 
D.D.,  he  became  a  subject  of  God's  saving  power. 
Always  satisfied  that  it  was  his  duty  to  preach,  he 
was  so  impressed  with  the  idea  of  ministerial  sanc- 
tity, as  illustrated  by  that  devout  and  eminently 
holy  man  of  God,  Basil  Manly,  Sr..  who  baptized 
him,  that  not  until  he  had  studied  law  two  years 
did  he  fully  dotcrminc  to  heed  the  i-all  to  preach. 
For  one  year  he  studied  theology  under  Dr.  W. 
T.  Brantly,  Sr.,  and  Dr.  Thomas  Curtis,  Sr.  He 
supplied  Dr.  Brantly's  place  each  Sabbath  morn- 


ing while  that  good  man  was  lying  on  a  bed  of 
death,  stricken  with  paralysis ;  was  ordained  in 
Charleston  in  1844 ;  preached  four  years  to  five 
different  churches  in  Abbeville  and  Edgefield  Dis- 
tricts, S.  C,  two  years  in  Georgia,  and  four  years 
in  Florida.  In  185.5  was  elected  to  a  professorship 
in  Furman  University',  and  continued  to  preach  to 
three  churches  for  five  years.  In  1859  was  elected 
Professor  of  Languijges  in  Wake  Forest  College. 
N.  C. ;  resigned  his  professorship  in  1872.  In  1872 
founded  Raleigh  Baptist  Female  Seminary,  and,  • 
when  his  health  failed,  transferred  it  to  his  soh-in- 
law,  Prof  F.  P.  Ilobgood,  under  whose  adminis- 
tration it  has  become  a  noted  seat  of  learning. 
During  the  war  served  for  fourteen  months  in  Vir- 
ginia and  North  Carolina  as  chaplain  of  55th  N.  C. 
Regiment.  lias  bnptized  over  1500,  of  these  about 
400  in  connection  with  one  church,  which  he  served 
ten  years,  in  North  Carolina,  named  Flat  Rock, — 
a  mother  of  churches ;  baptized  220  whites  and 
blacks  during  one  revival  in  Wayneville  church, 
Ga.,  which  he  served ;  was  pastor  of  twenty 
.churches,  for  terms  varying  from  two  to  ten  years; 
has  taught  successfully  in  the  seminaries  of  Bryan 
and  Calvert,  Texas,  and  since  September,  1875.  has 
been  president  of  Baylor  Female  College,  Inde- 
pendence, Texas.  As  a  scholar  and  a  preacher  he 
stands  in  the  first  rank.  Is  now  head  of  a  female 
seminary  at  San  Antonio,  Texas. 
Rucker,  James  Jefferson,  A.M.,  -was  born  in 

Randolph  Co.,  ^Io.,Jan.  liT,  1828.  After  receiving 
an  academic  education,  and  teaching  school  for  a 
while  in  Missouri,  he  entered  Georgetown  College, 
Ky.,  in  1852,  where  he  graduated  in  1854.  In  1855 
he  was  elected  Professor  of  Mathematics  in  George- 
town College,  and  has  filled  that  position  twenty- 
five  years.  lie  has  also  been  principal  of  the 
Georgetown  Female  Academy  since  1869.  He 
united  with  a  Baptist  church  in  his  youth,  and  has 
been  very  active  in  promoting  the  interests  of  his 
denomination,  especially  in  the  departments  of 
education  and  Suiubiy-scbools. 

Ruggles,  William,  LL.D. — In  the  list  uf  co- 
workers always  ranked  with  Baptists,  though  never 
having  made  a  public  profession  of  the  Christian 
faith.  Prof.  Wm.  Ruggles.  LL.D..  has  a  high  phice. 
He  was  born  in  Rochester,  Mass.,  Sept.  5,  1797. 
Of  quiet  and  studious  turn,  he  fitted  for  college 
under  the  parish  minister,  a  graduate  of  Brown  Uni- 
versity in  179l>,  whose  course  showed  that  Jlassa- 
chusetts  clergymen  of  the  "  standing  order"  ap- 
preciated the  Baptist  college,  since  not  only  many 
of  them,  but  many  pupils  educated  by  them  sought 
this  seat  of  non-sectarian  learning.  Entering  Brown 
at  the  age  of  seventeen,  young  Ruggles  gradu- 
ated in  1820.  In  1822,  with  his  life-long  friend. 
President  A.  Caswell,  LL.D.,  he  became  tutor 
at  Columbian   College,  Washington.  D.  C,  at  its 


RUGGLES 


1015 


RUN  YON 


opening,  lie  became  Professor  of  Mntheinntics 
and  Natural  Philosophy  in  1827,  remaining  at  tlie 
college  during  the  yearss  of  suspension,  when  all 
others  left  it  for  more  lucrative  fields.  In  1859,  at 
the  accession  of  its  fifth  president,  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  chair  of  Political  Science.  No  man 
oould  have  been  called  to  a  more  important  and  in- 
(lueiitial  post  at  so  critical  a  juncture.  An  unusual 
ruimber  of  students  from  the  Gulf  States,  as  well  as 
from  the  other  Southern  States,  were  thoroughly 
instructed  in  the  principles  and  history  of  the 
American  Constitution.  Absent  during  the  first 
year  of  the  war,  1861-62,  Dr.  Ruggles  returned 
in  1862,  and  retained  his  college  connection,  after 
the  accession  of  the  si.xth  president  in  1871,  as 
Professor  Emeritusy  up  to  the  time  of  his  death, 
Sept.  10,  1877,  at  the  ripe  age  of  eiglity  years. 

During  his  perhaps  unparalleled  life  of  fifty-five 
years  as  teacher  in  the  same  college.  Dr.  lluggles 
was  universally  esteemed  by  the  trustees,  faculty, 
and  pupils,  lie  was  ready  for  any  service.  'I'hree 
times  he  acted  as  president  ad  interim.  Though 
firm  in  his  opinions,  he  was  deferential  to  his  fel- 
low-officers, both  in  his  earlier  and  later  years. 
His  clear  analysis  and  his  wide  experience  during 
two-thirds  of  the  nation's  history  at  the  seat  of 
government,  gave  force  and  effectiveness  to  his 
later  instructions.  The  appreciation  in  which  he 
was  held  by  his  alma  mater  was  indicated  in  1852, 
when  the  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  upon  him 
by  Brown  University. 

Though  a  constant  attendant  on  religious  ser- 
vices, and  at  times  free  to  converse  on  his  own  re- 
ligious experience,  strong  convictions  as  to  the 
spirituality  of  the  Christian  faith,  and  high  con- 
•ceptions  of  Christian  integrity,  deterred  him  from 
an  open  profession.  His  contributions  to  every 
Christian  charity  were  numerous  and  unostenta- 
tious, his  gifts  to  Baptist  churches  and  missions 
liaving  the  first  place. 

Ilis  intimate  relations  with  Rev.  Dr.  Binney  and 
his  accomplished  wife  during  his  presidency  of 
Columbian  College,  from  1855  to  1858,  fixed  his 
special  attention  on  the  Karen  Theological  School, 
of  which,  in  1843,  Dr.  Binney  became  the  founder, 
and  to  which,  after  an  absence  of  five  or  six  years, 
he  returned  in  1858.  Dr.  Ruggles  was  the  virtual 
founder,  with  Dr.  Binney,  of  the  school,  as  he  gave 
<luring  his  life  nearly  §15,000  to  the  mission,  and 
left  at  his  death  a  legacy  of  $25,000, — about  one- 
half  his  estate.  lie  used  to  say  privately  to  those 
who  sought  large  donations  to  home  colleges,  that 
'•  to  mould  the  young  ministry  of  a  recently  Chris- 
tianized nation  was  the  most  comprehensive  work 
possible  for  any  man." 

During  his  summer  vacation,  spent  at  his  usual 
retreat  on  Schooley"s  Mountain,  N.  J.,  after  a  last 
and  lingering  visit  to  the  graves  of  his  vacation  as- 


sociates. Dr.  S.  II.  and  Mrs.  Cone,  Dr.  Ruggles  was 
prostrated  by  general  debility,  and  in  seven  days 
he  was  laid  beside  them.  Two  views  from  the 
Mountain  House  always  charmed  liiin, — the  "val- 
ley" and  the  "  sunset"  views.  His  first  words  to 
his  old  associate  and  executor,  who  visited  him  on 
his  death-bed,  were,  "  I  have  come  to  look  withiti 
the  last  few  weeks  on  the  future  world,  as  com- 
pared with  this,  in  a  very  different  light  from  what 
1  ever  did  before."  His  pilgrimage  of  fourscore 
years  made  the  "valley"  view  to  him  a  long  one, 
but  the  closing,  the  "  sunset"  view,  was  to  have  no 
end. 

Runyon,  Judge  Peter  P.,  was  born  at  Long 

Hill,  N.  J.,  May  19,  1787.     He  used  to  speak  with 


JUDGE    PETER    P.  RUNYO^f. 

much  affection  of  his  good  mother.  After  his  mar- 
riage and  a  brief  period  of  school-teaching  in  Plain- 
field  he  removed  to  New  Brunswick,  where  he  spent 
the  vigor  of  manhood  and  the  evening  of  his  life. 
His  character  and  abilities  could  not  be  hidden,  and 
his  fellow-citizens  honored  him,  while  he  honored 
the  offices  he  held.  As  alderman  and  recorder 
of  the  city,  justice,  freeholder,  and  for  thirteen 
years  judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  he 
sustained  a  high  reputation  for  fidelity,  sound  dis- 
cretion, legal  wisdom,  and  an  amiability  that  was 
often  brought  into  requisition  as  a  peace-maker. 
He  thought  he  was  made  a  subject  of  grace  when 
he  was  fifteen  years  old,  after  a  severe  season  of 
conviction  lasting  six  weeks;  but  he  did  not  join 
the  church  until  1811,  when  he  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  Thomas  Brown,  pastor  of  the  church  at  Scotch 


RUSSELL 


1016 


RUTHERFORD 


Plains.  When  he  removed  to  New  Brunswick  and 
united  with  the  church  there,  which  was  weak,  he 
was  constrained  to  use  his  gifts.  His  financial 
abilities  were  drawn  upon  during  his  forty-seven 
years  of  nienr})ership.  As  trustee,  church  treasurer, 
Sunday-school  superintendent  for  twenty-two  years, 
he  had  much  to  do  with  the  moulding  of  the  church. 
But  his  influence  reached  beyond  his  own  city. 
Sympathizing  most  heartily  with  the  work  of  the 
Baptist  State  Convention,  he  became  its  treasurer 
in  1830,  and  was  continued  by  the  suffrages  of  his 
brethren  for  the  remaining  forty-one  years  of  his 
life.  When  he  died  he  left  the  Convention  a  hand- 
some legacy.  His  business  promptness,  his  liberal 
sympathy  with  the  missionaries,  his  wise  counsels 
in  the  board,  were  very  valuable.  He  took  an  active 
interest  in  the  great  national  missionary  societies, 
while  he  loved  the  work  about  his  own  home.  He 
spent  his  eighty-fourth  birthday  attending  the  mis- 
sionary meetings  at  Chicago,  filled  Jnis  place  in  the 
meeting  of  the  board  of  managers,  after  his  return 
attended  an  educational  convention  in  Richmond, 
prepared  his  report  for  the  State, Convention,  but 
was  not  able  to  attend  its  meeting.  After  a  short 
illness  he  breathed  out  his  life  ;  his  last  words  were, 
"  The  bliss  of  dying." 

Russell,  Rev.  A.  A.,  was  born  in  Albany,  N.  Y., 
July  7,  1823,  and  baptized  in  1841  in  the  fellowship 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  that  city.  His  atten- 
tion having  been  already  directed  towards  the  work 
of  the  ministry,  he  was  soon  after  his  baptism  sent 
by  the  church  just  named  to  Hamilton.  His  term 
of  study  here  was  brief,  yet  subsequently  he  en- 
joyed good  educational  advantages  under  Profs. 
Walker  and  Canning  at  Stockbridge,  Mass.,  and 
before  his  conversion  his  school  privileges  had  been 
excellent  at  the  Albany  Academy,  under  Dr.  T. 
llomeyn  Beck.  lie  was  ordaiued  at  Austerlitz, 
N.  Y.,  Aug.  19,  1844.  He  has  had  one  pastorate 
in  Massachusetts,  fivcin  New  York,  two  in  Minne- 
sota, three  in  Illinois,  and  one  in  Iowa.  In  the 
spring  of  1854,  under  appointment  of  the  Home 
Mission  Society,  he  became  the  first  pastor  of  the 
First  church  in  Minneapolis,  Minn.  The  church 
then  had  11  members.  At  the  end  of  three  years 
he  left  tiiem  with  100,  with  Amory  Gale  for  his 
successor.  His  pastorates  have  all  been  successful, 
marked  to  an  unusual  degree  with  revival  influ- 
ence. Fifty  such  revival  seasons  he  has  been  per- 
mitted to  enjoy,  either  in  his  own  pastoral  labors 
or  when  assisting  his  brethren.  "  The  sermons  I 
have  preached" — these  are  his  own  words — "with 
most  satisfaction  to  the  people  and  to  myself  are 
those  which  have  presented  Christ  as 'all  and  in 
air  to  Christians,  and  the  all-suflicient  Saviour  for 
all  sinners." 

Rust,  Jacob  Ward,  an  active  and  efficient  edu- 
cator, was  born  in  Logan  Co.,  Ky.,  Feb.  14,  1819. 


His  early  opportunities  were  limited,  but  by  dili- 
gent and  constant  application  he  has  become  a 
scholar  of  considerable  reputation.  Teaching  has 
been  his  profession  from  his  youth,  and  he  has 
been  principal  of  Mount  Carmel  Academy,  .Spring- 
field Academ}^  Clarksville  Female  Academy,  and 
Lafayette  Female  Institute.  In  1864  he  was 
elected  president  of  Bethel  College.  This  institu- 
tion had  been  prostrated  during  the  war,  but  Mr. 
Rust  speedily  brought  it  up  to  as  high  a  degree  of 
prosperity  as  it  had  ever  attained.  In  18G8  he  re-» 
signed  on  account  of  impaired  health.  AfYer  a 
brief  rest  he,  with  Prof.  Dudley,  became  joint 
editors  and  proprietors  of  the  Western  Recorder. 
In  1871,  having  sold  his  interest  in  the  paper,  he 
became  financial  agent  for  the  Orphans'  Home  in 
Louisville.  The  next  year  he  was  elected  princi- 
pal of  Bethel  Female  College.  He  is  a  consistent 
Baptist,  a  man  of  great  energy,  and  rarely  fails  in 
any  enterprise  in  which  he  engages. 

Rutherford,  Rev.  A.  J.,  a  jiioneer  minister  of 
ability  in  Northwestern  Louisiana,  was  born  in 
-Vermont  in  1815;  taught  in  Alabama  from  1837 
to  1843  ;  practised  law  in  Arkansas,  and  became 
probate  judge  ;  ordained  in  1846,  removed  to  Lou- 
isiana in  1851,  and  settled  in  Caddo  Parish,  and 
founded  many  strong  churches ;  was  for  years 
moderator  of  Grand  Cane  Association ;  died  in 
1863. 

Rutherford,  Prof.  WiUiams,  of  the  State  Uni- 
versity of  Georgia,  a  most  worthy  deacon  of  the 
Baptist  church  at  Athens,  Clarke  Co.,  is  the  son 
of  Williams  Rutherford  and  Eliza  Boykin,  and 
was  born  near  Milledgeville,  Ga.,  Sept.  3,  1818. 
Until  sent  to  Franklin  College,  as  tlie  State  Uni- 
versity was  then  called,  he  was  educated  by  Rev. 
j  C.  P.  Beman,  a  famous  teacher  at  Midway,  near 
Milledgeville.  He  graduated  in  1838,  and,  after 
'  devoting  some  years  to  farming  and  railroad  busi- 
ness, opened  a  preparatory  school  in  Athens.  Ga. 
In  January,  1856,  he  was  elected  Professor  of 
Mathematics  by  the  trustees-  of  the  State  Uni- 
versity, which  position  he  still  holds. 

He  joined  the  Baptist  church  at  Milledgeville 
in  1836,  in  his  eighteenth  year,  when  C.  D.  Mal- 
lary  was  pastor,  and  just  after  a  sermon  preached 
by  Adiel  Sherwood,  relating  a  very  satisfactory 
experience  ;  and  from  that  time  forward  his  life 
has  been  as  the  sun  that  shineth  more  and  more 
unto  the  perfect  day.  He  began  at  once  to  labor 
in  the  Sabbath-school  as  a  superintendent,  and 
nearly  every  year  since  has  continued  to  occupy 
the  same  post  of  honor  and  usefulness. 

In  the  year  1856,  Gov.  Lumpkin,  then  a  deacon 
of  the  Baptist  churcii  at  Athens,  of  which  Prof 
Rutherford  was  aKso  a  member,  asked  to  bo  dis- 
charged from  the  duties  of  his  office,  on  account 
of  age  and  infirmities,  and  moved  that  Williams 


RUTLAND 


1017 


RYLAND 


Rutherford  be  appointed  to  the  deaconate  in  his 
place.  Tlie  church  consented  unanimously,  and 
Prof.  Rutherford  still  retains  the  office,  which  he 
has  filled  most  usefully  and  efficiently.  For  many 
years  he  has  thus,  as  clerk  and  deacon  of  the 
Alliens  church,  been  a  "livinj;  epistle,"  known 
and  read  of  all  men,  highly  respected  and  esteemed 
by  the  community  at  large.  For  twenty-four  years 
he  has  held  an  important  position  in  the  faculty  of 
the  State  University,  and  has  always  e.xerted  a 
marked  influence  in  the  religious  gatherings  of 
the  denominations  which  he  has  attended. 

lie  was  married  to  Miss  Laura  (Johb,  sister  of 
Gov.  Howell  Cobb,  in  1841,  a  lady  of  remarkable 
mental  powers  and  great  moral  excellence.  Noted 
for  his  piety.  Prof.  Rutherford  is  a  man  of  great 
humility,  and  the  length  of  time  he  has  retained 
his  professorship  argues  the  excellence  of  his 
scholarship. 

Rutland,  Judge  W.  E,.,  an  active  Baptist  and 
prominent  lawyer  at  Farmerville,  La.,  was  born  in 
1836.  He  took  an  irregular  course  in  Mount  Leba- 
non University,  La.,  which  was  interrujjted  by  the 
civil  war,  in  which  he  took  an  active  part,  being  a 
lieutenant  in  the  Confederate  army.  After  the  war 
he  studied  law,  and  has  since  distinguished  himself 
at  the  bar  and  on  the  bench.  Judge  Rutland  is  at 
present  doing  a  good  work  for  the  denomination  by 
writing  "Pen  Sketches"  of  useful  ministers. 

Ryals,  J.  G.,  D.D.,  was  Ijorn  in  the  southern 
part  of  Georgia,  April  3,  1824.  His  parents  came 
from  North  Carolina.  Mr.  Ryals  is  a  graduate  of 
Mercer  University,  taking  the  first  honor  in  the 
class  of  1851,  which  was  more  than  usually  bril- 
liant in  the  intellectual  ability  of  its  members. 
After  graduation  he  taught  school  one  year  in  Co- 
lumbus ;  then  ho  studied  law  for  one  year  under 
the  celebrated  lawyer.  Judge  Cone,  of  Greene 
County;  and  about  \^^i&  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  Cass  County.  He  practised  law  successfully, 
and  carried  on  farming  operations  for  some  seven 
or  eight  years  in  the  same  county.  In  1859,  after 
a  long  struggle,  ho  became  thoroughly  converted 
to  Jesus,  u!iited  with  the  church,  and  was  ba))tized 
by  Dr.  Thomas  Rambant.  In  early  manhood  Mr. 
Ryals  was  tinctured  with  skeptical  sentiments, 
which  were  obliterated  by  a  perusal  of  the  theo- 
logical works  of  Jonathan  Edwards,  which  also 
imbued  him  strongly  with  Calvinistic  sentiments. 
Two  or  three  years  after  his  union  with  the  church 
he  began  to  take  part  in  public  religious  exercises, 
and  his  efforts  were  so  blessed  that  he  became  pow- 
erfully impressed  with  the  conviction  that  it  was 
his  duty  to  preach  the  gospel.  He  lost  his  interest 
in  the  law.  and  soon  abandoned  its  practice  and 
devoted  himself  wholly  to  the  ministry.  In  1863 
he  succeeded  Dr.  Rambant  as  pastor  of  the  Cartors- 
ville  Baptist  church,  and  since  that  period,  as  the 
65 


pastor  of  several  churches  in  the  neiglibfirhood  of 
his  home,  he  has  been  very  useful  in  the  Master's 
cause.  In  order  to  educate  his  children  he  has 
been  compelled,  besides  preaching  and  farming,  to 
teach  school  in  Bartow  County.  He  has  long  been 
recognized  as  one  of  the  best,  strongest,  and  most 
inlluential  Baptist  preachers  in  (Jeorgia.  For  many 
years  he  has  been  the  moderator  of  tla^  Middle 
Cherokee  Association  and  a  member  of  the  board 
of  trustees  for  Mercer  University.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  the  State  Mission  Board  of  the  Georgia 
Baptist  Convention. 

Ryan,  Rev.  Joseph,  was  born  in  Fairfield  Dis- 
trict, S.  C,  Oct.  3,  1782.  A  soldier  in  the  war  of 
181'2,  as  was  his  father  in  the  Revolution.  He 
united  with  the  Baptist  Church  in  1814,  and  soon 
after  entered  the  ministry.  Came  to  the  Territory 
of  Alal)ama  and  settled  in  Greene  County  in  1815. 
He  originated  and  was  the  first  pastor  of  Siilom 
church,  near  Greensborough.  then  a  most  wealthy 
church  ;  he  was  its  pastor  for  twenty-one  years. 
Other  strong  churches  in  West  Alabama  grew  up 
under  his  eminent  ministry.  The  Cahaba  and  the 
Tuskaloosa  Assoi-iations  had  the  assistance  of  his 
wise  counsel  in  their  funiiation.  He  was  a  firm 
and  intelligent  advocate  of  the  cause  of  missions. 
In  1837  he  removed  to  Sumter  County,  where  his 
ministry  again  was  a  grand  success.  Many  great 
revivals  followed  his  preaching.  lie  educated  his 
seven  children  liberally.  One  of  them  is  an  able 
ministei'  of  the  gospel, — Rev.  J.  K.  Ryan,  of  Push- 
mataha, Ala.  The  father  died  in  1848,  leaving  a 
spotless  name  and  a  precious  memory. 

Ryland,  Rev.  Charles  Hill,  was  bom  in  King 

and  Queen  Co.,  Va.,  Jan.  22,  1836.  After  a 
thorough  training  at  Fleetwood  Academy,  he  en- 
tered Richmond  College  in  1854,  and  the  Southern 
Baptist  Theological  Seminary  in  185',!.  During  the 
war,  he  was  for  two  years  with  the  Confederate 
army  in  A^irginia  as  evangelist  and  colporteur,  and 
subsequently  the  depositary  and  treasurer  of  the 
Army  Colportage  Board.  He  was  ordained  iti  1863 
at  the  Bruington  church,  and  became  pastor,  after 
the  close  of  the  war,  of  Burruss's  church,  Mount 
Carmel,  succeeding  the  distinguished  preachers, 
Andrew  Broaddus  and  A.  M.  Poindexter,  in  that 
venerable  church.  In  1866  he  was  made  general 
superintendent  of  the  Sunday-schools  in  Virginia 
under  the  General  Association,  and  succeeded  in 
reorganizing  and  equipping  the  schools,  and  in 
bringing  their  work  to  a  high  degree  of  proficiency. 
In  1869,  when  the  first  National  Sunday-School 
Institute  was  held  in  St.  Louis,  under  the  Ameri- 
can Baptist  Pul)lication  Society.  Mr.  Ryland  took  a 
leading  part,  delivering  the  opening  address,  on 
'•  Our  Aims  in  this  Institute."  In  1869  he  became 
pastor  of  the  church  in  Alexandria,  Va.  ;  in  1874 
was  elected  financial  secretary  of  Richmond  Col- 


IIYLAND 


1018 


RYLAXD 


lege,  Va.,  which  position  he  still  holds.  He  is  a 
trustee  of  Richmond  College,  a  member  of  the  cor- 
poration of  the  Columbian  University,  and  the 
founder  of  the  Virginia  Baptist  Historical  Society, 
organized  in  1876.  Mr.  llyland  is  actively  identi- 
fied with  every  good  work  wiiich  the  denomination 
.  has  at  heart. 

Ryland,  Jolm,  D.D.,  was  bom  Jan.  29,  1753, 
at  Warwick,  England,  where  his  father,  the  able 
and  scholarly  John  Collett  Ryland,  was  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church.  The  study  of  Hebrew  was  his 
father's  ruling  passion  as  a  teacher,  and  Mr.  Ryland 
was  not  a  little  elated  at  his  child's  early  proficiency 
in  the  language,  for  when  only  five  years  old  he  was 
able  to  read  and  translate  the  twenty-third  psalm 
to  the  celebrated  Hervey,  with  whom  his  father 
was  intimately  acquainted.  When  he  was  about 
fourteen  years  old  his  religious  impressions  became 
fixed,  and  he  was  baptized  by  his  father  on  Sept. 
13,  1767.  He  was  recommended  to'preach  by  vote 
of  the  church  at  Northampton,  to  which  his  father 
had  removed  from  Warwick,  when  he  was  about 
eighteen  years  of  age,  and  was  fully  engaged  in  the 
villages  around  for  several  years.  During  this  time 
he  assisted  his  father  in  his  private  school,  which 
had  stood  high  under  Mr.  Ryland's  management. 
In  1781  the  church  invited  him  to  become  co-pastor 
with  his  father,  and,  five  years  later  sole  pastor, 
Mr.  Ryland,  Sr.,  having  removed  to  the  neighbor- 
hood of  London.  His  labors  at  Northampton  were 
greatlj'  blessed.  He  took  a  deep  interest  and  a 
leading  part  in  the  formation  of  the  Missionary 
Society,  and  at  the  close  of  his  life  he  became  its 
secretary.  In  April,  1792,  he  received  a  unani- 
mous invitation  to  the  two  offices  of  pastor  of  the 
Bi'oadmead  church,  Bristol,  and  president  of  the 
Baptist  college  in  that  city.  After  prolonged  con- 
sideration he  at  length  decided  to  accept  the  call, 
and  entered  upon  his  duties  at  Bristol  at  the  be- 
ginning of  1794.  For  upwards  of  thirty  years  he 
was  the  most  eminent  Baptist  minister  in  the  west 
of  England,  and  was  greatly  esteemed  by  men  of 
all  ranks  and  denominations.  The  college  flour- 
ished under  his  presidency,  and  for  a  long  time  he 
exercised  by  common  consent  a  kind  of  episcopal 
supervision  over  a  large  number  of  churches.  His 
cori'espondence  was  extensive.  An  ardent  Liberal 
in  political  and  ecclesiastical  principles,  he  felt  a 
lively  interest  in  American  matters,  and  had  fre- 


quent communications  witli  American  correspond- 
ents respecting  them,  and  also  concerning  mission- 
ary work.  He  wrote  and  published  a  considerable 
number  of  special  discourses  and  tractates  on  im- 
portant subjects,  and  also  several  hymns  now  in 
general  use  in  public  worship. 

John  Foster  says  of  him,  that  as  a  preacher  "  he 
excelled  very  many  deservedlj'  esteemed  preachers 
in  variety  of  topics  and  ideas.  To  the  end  of  his  life 
he  was  a  great  reader,  and  very  far  from  being 
confined  to  one  order  of  subjects,  and  he  would 
freely  avail  himself  of  these  resources  for  diversi- 
fying and  illustrating  the  subjects  of  his  sermons. 
The  i-eaders  of  the  printed  sketches  of  his  sermons, 
who  never  heard  him,  can  have  no  adequate  idea 
of  the  spirit,  force,  ar^d  compulsion  on  the  hearer's 
attention  with  which  the  sermons  were  delivered." 
He  died  at  Bristol  on  May  25, 1825,  in  his  seventy- 
third  year.  The  funeral  sermon,  preached  by 
Robert  Hall,  is  well  known  as  one  of  the  choicest 
specimens  of  pulpit  eloquence  in  our  literature. 

Hyland,  Hobert,  CD.,  a  distinguished  minister 
'and  educator,  was  born  in  King  and  Queen  Co., 
Va.,  March  14,  1805;  was  baptized  into  the  fellow- 
ship of  Bruington  Baptist  church  in  1824,  licensed 
to  preach  in  1825,  and  ordained  in  1827.  After 
studying  the  Latin  and  Greek  languages,  he  entered 
Columbian  College,  Washington.  D.  C,  where  he 
graduated  in  1826.  'The  nest  j^ear  he  became  pastor 
of  the  church  at  Lynchburg,  and  filled  the  position 
for  five  j'ears.  In  1832  he  took  charge  of  the  manual 
labor  school  at  Richmond,  Va.  This  institution 
developed  into  Richmond  College,  which  was  char- 
tered in  1844,  with  Dr.  Ryland  as  president.  In 
1866  he  resigned  and  was  made  pastor  of  the  First 
African  Baptist  chui-ch,  in  Richmond,  serving  it 
for  twenty-five  years,  during  which  time  he  bap- 
tized into  its  fellowship  over  3800  persons.  In 
1868  he  removed  to  Shelbvville,  Ky.,  where  he 
taught  a  female  school  and  preached  to  several 
country  churches.  He  has  since  been  similarly 
engaged  at  Lexington,  and  is  now  president  of  a 
female  seminary,  and  preaches  to  the  church  at 
New  Castle,  Ky. 

Dr.  Ryland  is  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
Baptist  ministei's  in  this  country.  His  services  to 
the  cause  of  truth  have  been  invaluable,  and  he 
occupies  an  affectionate  place  in  the  regards  of  his 
brethren  in  every  State  of  the  Union. 


A 


SACKETT 


1019 


SACRED 


S. 


Sackett,  Rev.  John  Buell,  was  born  in  Tobias, 
N.  Y.,  Jan.  S,  1S12;  under  the  labors  of  Dr.  Vin- 
ton, missionary  to  Burniah,  was  converted  and  bap- 
tized in  183 1  ;  studied  at  Hamilton,  and  entered 
the  pastorate  at  Kinjjsville,  0.,  where  he  continued 
with  j^reat  success  nine  years :  was  subsequently 
pastor  of  the  churches  at  Moant  Vernon,  Lan- 
caster, and  Fredericktown.  In  1862  he  became 
corresponding  secretary  of  the  Ohio  vState  Conven- 
tion, assuming  later,  in  connection  with  this  office, 
the  duties  of  superintendent  of  missions  and  finan- 
cial agent.  From  October,  1869,  to  October,  1870, 
while  retaining  the  office  of  corresponding  secre- 
tary, gave  most  of  his  time  to  the  struggling  church 
at  Oberlin,  but,  on  the  completion  of  their  house 
of  worship,  resumed  his  full  duties,  and  remained 
in  the  State  service  until  his  sudden  death,  at 
Clyde,  Dec.  24,  1870.  Mr.  Sackett  was  a  man 
of  sterling  worth,  and  has  left  the  impress  of  his 
genial  Christian  character  on  many  of  the  Ohio 
cluirches. 

Sacred.  Scriptures,  Inspiration  of  the.— In 

saying  that  the  Scriptures  are  inspired  we  mean 
the  Scriptures  in  the  languages  in  which  they  were 
originally  written.  We  do  not  claim  that  the  tran- 
scribers and  translators  of  the  original  Scriptures 
enjoyed  the  same  divine  protection  from  error 
which  controlled  the  original  writers.  It  is  well 
known  that  the  first  manuscripts  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment, for  instance,  have  all  been  lost.  It  is  also 
evident  that  the  work  of  transcribing  and  retran- 
scribing  subjected  the  text  to  possible  variations. 
No  supernatural  aid  was  given  to  shield  the  tran- 
scribers from  such  mistakes.  Then  any  transla- 
tion of  the  New  Testament  could  be  valuable  and 
accurate  only  in  so  far  as  it  reproduced  most  faith- 
fully the  language  and  spirit  of  the  original  text. 
No  one  will  claim  that  in  translating  the  Scrip- 
tures the  same  divine  aid  is  enjoyed  which  was 
given  to  holy  men  of  God  in  writing  them.  The 
fact  then  that  in  the  determination  of  the  original 
text  we  are  left  to  the  comparison  of  the  different 
transcriptions  yet  extant  with  the  ancient  versions 
and  quotations  that  give  them  support,  and  that 
more  perfect  translations  and  revisions  are  contin- 
ually needed,  does  not  in  the  least  militate  against 
the  doctrine  that  the  original  Scriptures  were  in- 
spired. 

Of  course  the  oldest  manuscripts  existing  have 
the    greatest    authority    in    determining    the    ac- 


curacy of  the  text.  There  are  several  manuscript 
copies  of  the  New  Testament  extant,  but  the  num- 
ber of  the  oldest,  and  consequently  the  most  valu- 
able, may  be  reduced  to  four. 

1.  The  Sinaitic  manuscript  (Codex  Sinaiticus), 
probably  the  most  ancient  of  New  Testament  man- 
uscripts, was  discovered  by  Tischendorf,  in  1859, 
at  the  convent  of  St.  Catherine,  near  Mount  Sinai. 
It  is  now  at  St.  Petersburg.  Tischendorf  thinks 
it  was  written  about  the  middle  of  the  fourth  cen- 
tury. 

2.  The  Vatican  manuscript  (Codex  Vaticanus) 
is  also  of  the  fourth  century.  It  is  in  the  Vatican 
library  of  Rome.  It  is  not  so  complete  as  the  Sina- 
itic  manuscript.  Schaff  judges  it  to  be  more  correct. 

3.  The  Alexandrian  manuscript  (Codex  Alexan- 
drinus)  was  ))ronglit  from  Alexandria  in  Egypt  by 
Cyril  Lucar,  patriarch  of  that  city.  It  was  pre- 
sented by  him  to  Charles  I.  of  England  in  1628. 
It  is  now  in  the  British  Museum.  It  is  of  the 
fifth  century  probably. 

4.  The  manusci'ipt  of  Ephraim  the  Syrian  (Codex 
Ephraimi  Syri).  The  name  of  this  manuscript  is 
derived  from  the  fact  that  the  divine  Word  was 
partly  erased,  and  that  some  of  the  works  of 
Ephraim  the  Syrian  were  written  over  it.  It  is 
of  the  fifth  century,  and  is  now  in  the  library  of 
the  Louvre  at  Paris. 

These  four  are  uncial  manuscripts, — that  is,  they 
are  written  in  capital  letters  of  a  large  size, — 
while  later,  or  cursioe,  manuscripts,  are  written  in 
a  running  hand  Greek. 

"  If  these  four  manuscripts  agree  in  support  of  a 
reading,  their  testimony  outweighs  that  of  all  the 
others." 

Granting  that  the  Scriptures  contain  a  divine 
revelation,  the  question  remains,  Are  these  Scrip- 
tures an  infallible  communication  of  that  revela- 
tion ?  It  is  not  enough  for  us  to  be  convinced  that 
God  revealed  himself  to  chosen  men,  and  that  these 
men  communicated  his  revelation  to  others  by  writ- 
ing. We  ask,  Did  they  communicate  it  correctly 
and  fully?  Did  they  enjoy  such  a  degree  of  divine 
aid  as  was  sufficient  to  preserve  them  from  all 
error,  and  to  render  their  communication  infallible 
and  authoritative?  The  question  is  not.  How  did 
the  sacred  writers  obtain  the  truths  they  record  ?  but. 
How  did  they  transmit  that  truth  to  their  fellow- 
men? 

We   hold    that  the   Scriptures   are    divinely  in- 


SACKED 


10:20 


SACRED 


spired, — tliat  is,  that  in  writing  them  the  sacred 
penmen  enjoyed  the  supernatural  influence  and 
guidance  of  the  divine  Spirit  in  a  measure  sufficient 
to  secure  its  end, — the  infallible  communication  of 
divine  truth.  This  is  what  we  mean  by  inspira- 
tion. Tlie  inspiration  of  the  Scriptures  has  to  do 
■with  its  writers  simply  as  the  recorders  of  the 
truth.  In  the  words  of  Dr.  Ilovey,  "The  sacred 
writers  were  moved  and  assisted  l)y  the  Holy 
Spirit  to  put  on  record  all  which  the  Bible,  apart 
from  errors  in  the  text,  now  contains."  We  hold 
such  assistance  liy  the  Spirit  to  have  been  neces- 
sary, because  without  it  it  would  be  impossible  for 
erring  man  to  give  us  an  infallible  record,  and 
without  an  infallible  record  we  could  possess  no 
reliable  authoritative  rule  of  faith  and  practice. 

In  determining  whether  such  supernatural  assist- 
ance was  given  to  the  writers,  we  refer  to  the  ex- 
alted character  of  the  "Word  of  God  and  to  the  tes- 
timony of  the  Scriptui'es  themselves* 

Apart  from  direct  Scripture  testimony,  there  are 
weighty  considerations  which  lead  us  to  expect 
that  God  would  provide  for  man  a  perfectly  infal- 
lible record  of  his  revealed  will.  The  very  fact 
that  God  has  given  a  revelation  to  man  furnishes 
presumptive  proof  that  he  has  secured  an  infallible 
and  perfect  record  of  it.  What  advantage  would 
there  be  in  a  revelation  imperfectly  transmitted  ? 
Could  it  demand  our  trust  and  obedience?  Would 
notsucharevelation  be  practically  worthless?  And 
can  we  believe  that  God  would  suffer  his  design  in 
giving  a  revelation  to  be  utterly  frustrated  by 
neglecting  to  provide  for  its  perfect  transmission  ? 
Are  we  not  compelled  to  believe  that  God  would 
complete  this  work  and  secure  to  us  its  perpetual 
benefits  by  means  of  an  infallible  record  ? 

Everything  that  goes  to  prove  that  the  Bible 
contains  a  revelation  from  God  furnishes  evidence 
of  the  completeness  of  its  inspiration.  There  is, 
we  claim,  no  rational  way  of  accounting  for  the 
wonderful  character  of  the  Scriptures  unless  they 
are  divinely  inspired.  Such  truths,  thus  written, 
must  have  been  not  only  divinely  given,  but  di- 
vinely recorded. 

As  regards  the  New  Testament,  it  is  plainly  prom- 
ised to  the  apostles  by  the  Master  that  through  the 
power  of  the  Holy  Spirit  they  would  be  enabled 
to  convey  the  divine  truth  given  to  them  in  an  in- 
fallible manner.  (Compare  Matt.  x.  19;  Luke  xii. 
12;  John  xiv.  26;  xv.  2(),  27;  xvi.  13;  xiii.  20; 
XX.  21-23.) 

In  relation  to  the  New  Testament  writers  who 
■\vere  not  apostles,  it  is  true  that  the  promise  of 
immediate  divine  guidance  was  not  primarily  given 
to  thom,  but  they  must  have  shared  in  it.  Their 
fellowship  and  intimate  intercourse  with  the  apos- 
tles lead  us  to  accept  the  generally-received  opinion 
that  they  wrote  under  the  direction  and  supervision 


of  apostles.   '  The  character  of  their  writings  proves 
their  equal  inspiration. 

Accepting  the  fact  that  the  New  Testament 
Scriptures  were  inspired,  the  inspiration  of  the 
Old  Testament  necessarily  follows.  The  Old  Tes- 
tament is  the  basis  of  the  New.  The  New  Testa- 
ment writers  constantly  refer  to  the  words  of  the 
Old  Testament  as  the  words  of  the  Spirit,  the  words 
of  God.  (Compare  Luke  i.-70;  Heb.  i.  1  :  1  Peter 
i.  10-12  ;  2  Peter  i.  21.)  In  2  Tim.  iii.  16,  the  tes- 
timony regarding  the  inspiration  of  the  Old  Testa- 
ment is  emphatically  asserted  by  Paul,  "  All  Scrip- 
ture is  given  by  inspiration  of  God."  Evidently  the 
apostle  here  refers  to  the  Old  Testament,  and  speaks 
of  it  as  inspired  of  God. 

But  what  is  the  nature  and  extent  of  that  in- 
fluence which  the  Holy  Spirit  exerted  over  the 
writers  in  producing  the  sacred  books?  What  is 
implied  in  a  guidance  s\ifficient  to  secure  its  end, — 
the  infallibility  of  the  record?  AVhat  kind  and 
amount  of  influence  are  needed  *to  secure  this  end? 

In  approximating  an  answer,  the  human  element 
In  Scripture  must  be  taken  into  consideration  and 
given  its  due  weight.  The  individualit}'  of  each 
Avriter  stands  out  plainly  in  his  writings.  Any 
theory  of  inspiration  which  ignores  this  fact  is 
defective. 

But  the  human  element  must  ever  be  held  in 
subordination  to  the  divine  element. 

Taking  both  points  into  consideration,  the  only- 
adequate  explanation  of  the  phenomena  before  us 
can  be  this, — that  while  the  writers  were  left  to- 
the  free  exercise  of  their  individual  faculties,  they 
were  at  the  same  time  so  influenced,  guided,  and 
controlled  in  the  use  not  onlj-  of  their  thoughts  but 
also  of  their  words,  that  their  writings  may  be- 
truly  said  to  be  the  word  not  of  men  but  of  God. 

If  the  Spirit's  work  in  regeneration  and  sanctifi- 
cation  does  not  restrict  the  free  exercise  of  our  own 
personal  activities,  why  should  it  do  so  in  inspira- 
tion? If  God  can  guide  minutely  and  absolutely 
our  purposes,  afi"octions,  and  destinj'  in  the  new 
birth  without  interfering  with  our  personal  freedom 
of  volition  and  action,  wh}-  should  we  conceive  it 
to  be  incredil)le  that  he  should  guide  men  minutely 
in  writing  his  revelation  without  such  an  interfer- 
ence ? 
■>If  preservation  from  error  is  to  be  secured  by 
inspiration,  it  is  absolutely  necessary  that  the  as- 
sistance, influence,  and  guidance  granted  b3'  the 
Spirit  should  extend  to  the  words  as  well  as  the 
thoughts  communicated.  Thought  is  clothed  in 
words,  langu.age  is  the  garment,  the  incarnation, 
so  to  speak,  of  thought.  How  can  they  be  sepa- 
rated? How  can  thought  be  infallibly  conveyed 
unless  it  is  clothed  in  infallible  language? 

The  very  idea  of  inspiration  involves  divine  as- 
sistance and  guidance.     A  divine  influence  which 


SAGE 


1021 


SAGE 


does  not  extend  to  the  hinguiij^e  is  not  sufficient 
to  secure  its  end, — the  perfect  infallihility  of  the 
Scriptures.  If  the  writers  had  been  left  to  them- 
selves in  tlie  choice  of  words,  it  does  not  appear 
how  they  couKl  have  l)een  preserved  froiti  error- 
AV'ithout  a  special  divine  protection  the  sacred 
writers  were  liable,  as  other  writers  are,  to  employ 
inadequate  and  erroneous  expressions.  Notiiing 
short  of  a  special  divine  interposition  was  sufficient 
to  preserve  them  from  all  such  errors  in  lan<;uaf;e. 
Either  the  divine  infliiCTice  exerted  was  sufficient  to 
protect  th(>  writers  from  all  error  in  languajfCjOr  it 
was  not  sufficient  to  do  this.  If  it  was  not  suffi- 
cient, we  have  no  assurance  that  the  record  is  reli- 
able; if  it  was  sufficient,  thou  the  inspiration  was 
verbal. 

The  apostle  in  2  Tim.  iii.  16,  speaks  of  the 
*'  Scriplni-e"  as  inspired, — that  is,  the  writiwf,  not 
the  thoui^hts  sim[ily.  We  have  to  do  then  with 
the  inspiration  of  a  hook,  the  inspiration  of  certain 
writimjn ;  but  the  inspiration  of  a  book,  the  in- 
spiration of  a  certain  writing,  necessarily  involves 
tiie  inspiration  of  its  language.  How  can  a  hook, 
a  writing,  bo  inspired  of  God  unless  its  words  are 
the  product  of  a  divine  influence  and  guidance? 
If  all  Scripture  is  given  by  inspiration  of  God  its 
written  words  are  inspired. 

Accepting,  then,  heartily,  the  fact  that  the  Scrip- 
tures do  not  only  contain  a  divine  revelation,  but 
that  they  are  the  infallible  record  of  that  revela- 
tion ;  that  both  as  to  thought  and  expression  they 
were  penned  under  the  guidance,  influence,  and 
protection  from  error  of  the  Holy  Spirit ;  that  they 
reveal  to  us  God's  thoughts  in  the  words  he  has 
chosen  to  convey  them  ;  that  though  the  Bible  is 
given  through  man  it  is  not  to  be  taken  as  the  word 
of  men.  l)ut,  as  it  is  in  truth,  the  word  of  God; 
holding  firmly  that  the  influence  exerted  by  the 
Holy  Spirit  in  recording  the  Scriptures  is  an  influ- 
ence ditlering  in  manner  and  degree  from  the  gen- 
eral influence  of  the  Spirit ;  that  it  is  a  special  and 
gracious  influence  restricted  to  the  sacred  writers 
exclusively  ;  we  l)elieve  that  we  have  in  these  Scrip- 
tures the  sole  and  sufficient  divine  authority  and 
rule  regarding  the  way  of  salvation,  and  regarding 
every  Christian  doctrine,  duty,  and  hope.  Chris- 
tians ask  no  other  standard.  No  human  authority 
can  for  a  moment  take  its  place.  What  it  teaches 
they  feel  bound  to  believe  ;  what  it  commands  they 
feel  bound  to  practice,  and  that  only. 

Sage,  Adoniram  Judson,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Massilloii,  G..  in  lS:itj;  removed  to  Granville;  in 
1844  settled  with  parents  near  Cincinnati ;  attended 
school  for  three  years  in  Covington,  Ky. ;  at  fifteen 
served  one  year  as  private  tutor  ;  gave  three  years 
to  teaching  school;  fitted  for  college:  entered 
Rochester  University,  and  graduated  in  I860;  en- 
tered Rochester  Theological  Seminary,  and  gradu- 


ated in  18G.3;  pastor  of  Shelburne  Falls  Hajitist 
church,  Mass.,  from  1863  to  1867;  supplied  Strong 
Place  church,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  four  months;  pastor 
of  Fourth  church,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  from   1868  to 


ADONIRAM    JIDSOX    SAOE,   D.D. 

1869;  supplied  Pierpont  Street  church,  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.,  five  months;  Professor  of  Latin  in  Roches- 
ter University,  1870-71  ;  settled  with  First  Baptist 
church,  Hartford,  Conn.,  in  1872,  where  he  is  still 
preaching  with  marked  success.  In  his  ministry 
thus  far  (1880)  he  has  Ijaptized  about  300  persons; 
wields  an  unusually  elegant  and  effective  pen  ;  has 
written  important  articles  for  The  Kxamincr  and 
other  leading  periodicals ;  delivered  addresses  at 
commencements;  is  president  of  Connecticut  Bap- 
tist State  Convention,  and  trustee  of  Connecticut 
Literary  Institution  ;  received  honorary  degree  of 
D.D.  from  Rochester  University  in  1872;  for  tal- 
ents, attainments,  and  character  honored  as  a  leader 
in  Connecticut  and  as  a  prominent  minister  out  of 
it. 

Sage,  Deacon  Oren,  son  of  Giles  Sage,  was 

born  at  Middlctown,  Conn.,  Dec.  25,  1787,  and 
died  at  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  12,  1866.  At  six- 
teen years  of  age  he  was  converted.  In  1809  be 
settled  at  Ballston,  but  in  1827  transferred  his 
business  to  Rochester,  \.  Y.,  where  he  periiui- 
nently  settled.  He  made  himself  felt  at  once  as  a 
Christian  and  a  Baptist.  To  him  more  than  to  any 
other  one  man  our  denomination  owes  its  success- 
ful start  and  career  in  Rochester.  His  growing 
means  gave  him  a  commanding  position,  which  lie 
faithfully  used  for  the  protnotion  of  religious  work 


SAGE 


1022 


SAKER 


in  general  and  his  own  loved  denomination  in  par- 
ticular. 

All  classes  of  men  in  the  city  knew  and  loved 
him.  In  his  own  church  every  member  was  his 
personal  friend.  During  the  pastorates  of  five 
successive  ministers,  through  a  period '  of  forty 
years,  Deacon  Sage  was  a  pillar  of  the  church. 

At  the  age  of  sixty-three  he  became  one  of  the 
prime  movers  of  the  project  of  establishing  the 
University  of  Rochester.  lie  appreciated  the  value 
of  education,  and  was  always  deeply  interested  in 
the  welfare  of  students.  The  Theological  Seminary 
of  Rochester  received  his  close  attention;  the  edu- 
cation of  the  ministry  was  always  near  to  his  heart. 

The  cause  of  city  missions  received  much  of  its 
best  support  from  him,  and  the  development  of  the 
Baptist  interest  from  one  to  six  churches  in  Roches- 
ter is  largely  due  to  the  impulse  which  he  gave  it. 

His  character  showed  a  remarkable  combination 
of  qualities.  Strength  and  sweetn ass,  justice  and 
mercy,  force  and  patience,  were  united  in  it.  His 
temperament  was  at  once  ardent  and  enduring. 
He  could  work  and  wait.  He  was  wise  and  also 
childlike.  The  spirit  of  the  Master  seemed  to  have 
possessed  him  wholly.  For  him  to  live  was  Christ, 
and  his  last  words  were,  "  As  forme,  I  am  going  to 
glorify  God." 

Sage,  William  Nathan,  second  son  of  Deacon 
Oren  Sage,  was  born  at  Ballston,  Saratoga  Co., 
N.  Y.,  July  15,  1819.  At  the  age  of  eight,  in 
1827,  he  removed  with  hi"S  parents  to  Rochester. 
He  was  converted  at  eleven,  and  united  with  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Rochester,  Jan.  2,  1831, 
and  was  identified  from  his  childhood  with  the 
growth  and  prosperity  of  that  church  ;  for  iifty- 
one  years  in  its  Sabbath-school  as  a  scholar,  secre- 
tary, teacher,  superintendent,  and  Bible-class  in- 
structor, for  forty-eight  .years  in  the  'church,  and 
for  nearly  twenty  years  a  deacon.  At  the  age  of 
twenty-one  he  graduated  from  Brown  University, 
in  the  class  of  1840,  with  Drs.  E.  Dodge,  II.  G. 
Weston,  W.  T.  Brantly,  J.  JJ.  Kendrick,  H.  Lin- 
coln, and  Franklin  AVilson,  and  a  number  of  others 
who  have  been  prominent  in  political  life.  He  was 
one  of  the  prime  movers  in  the  organization  and 
establishment  of  the  Rochester  Theological  Semi- 
nary and  the  University  of  Rochester.  lie  has 
lieen  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  latter  from  the 
commencement,  and  financial  agent  since  1850. 
These  trusts  he  has  filled  with  eminent  ability  and 
sagacity. 

In  1855,  Mr.  Sage  was  elected  for  three  years  as 
county  clerk,  and  altlioiigli  often  solicited,  after 
filling  that  office  with  great  credit,  to  accept  other 
political  offices,  he  has  firmh'  refused.  He  has 
often  been  honored  with  positions  of  high  trust, 
such  as  manager  of  the  House  of  Refuge,  a  State 
institution,  president  of  Rochester  Orphan  Asylum, 


president  of  the  Sage  Deposit  Company,  president 
and  trustee  of  the  Dime  Savings-Bank,  president 
of  the  Citizens"  Association,  executor  of  several 
estates,  president  of  the  Christian  Union  Associa- 
tion at  Martha's  Vineyard,  and  numerous  other 
responsibilities.  In  a  report  by  President  M.  B. 
Anderson  to  the  trustees  of  the  University  of 
Rochester  is  found  this,  testimonial :  "The  first 
twenty^  years  of  growth  and  prosperity  on  the  part 
of  this  university  have  been  greatly  due  to  the  skill, 
judgment,  and  self-sacrificing  labor  of  AVilliam  \.  ' 
Sage. 

Saker,  Rev.  Alfred,  for  more  than  thirty-seven 
years  a  missionary  of  the  English  Baptist  Mission- 
ary Society  in  Western  Africa,  will  in  after-ages  be 
remembered  with  Livingstone  and  Moffat  and  Mac- 
kenzie among  the  founders  of  African  Christian  civ- 
ilization. When  the  mission  to  Western  Africa  was 
commenced,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Saker,  then  members 
of  the  Morice  Square  church,  Devonport,  offered 
themselves  for  the  work.  It  vjas  the  purpose  of 
the  missionary  executive  to  use  a  small  steamer 
•in  connection  with  mission  work,  and  ^Ir.  Saker 
went  out  in  the  position  of  assistant  missionary, 
combining  with  that  the  duties  of  engineer.  This 
plan,  however,  was  not  carried  out,  but  Mr. 
Saker's  trained  capacity  found  ample  scope  in  the 
circumstances  of  the  mission.  Siiortly  after  his 
arrival  at  Fernando  Po,  the  headquarters  of  the 
Baptist  missionaries,  he  visited  the  tribes  on  the 
mainland  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cameroons  River. 
Here  he  built  a  house  suitable  for  the  work,  with 
his  own  hands,  and  gradually  acquired  acquaint- 
ance with  the  language  of  the  people.  AVithin  two 
years  of  the  commencement  of  his  labors  he  had 
reduced  their  language  to  writing  and  prepared  a 
lesson-book  for  the  school  which  he  had  formed. 
With  the  printing-press  and  material  sent  to  him 
by  the  church  at  Devonport.  he  printed  school- 
books  for  the  use  of  his  scholars  and  portions  of 
the  New  Testament.  In  18-19  the  church  at  Cam- 
eroons was  formed,  and  a  Christian  civilization  be- 
gan to  spread  itself  there  through  Mr.  Saker's 
efforts.  He  induced  the  people  to  labor  with  some- 
thing like  regularity  in  agriculture,  introducing 
various  plants,  such  as  bread-fruit,  mansioes,  or- 
anges, and  other  fruits  and  vegetables  for  daily 
sustenance.  These  productions,  moreover,  ena- 
bled  them  to  obtain  manufactured  articles  from 
the  ships  frequenting  the  river,  and  in  the  course 
of  a  few  years  a  civilized  community  was  estab- 
lished. He  taught  his  converts  the  industrial  arts, 
and  soon  found  himself  surrounded  by  artisans  of 
all  sorts, — carpenters,  smiths,  bricklaj'ers,  etc. 
The  more  forward  scholars  soon  became  helpful  in 
the  printing-office  work,  and  aided  in  the  transla- 
tion and  printing  of  the  Scriptures  in  the  Dualla 
tongue,  which  was  liis  life-long  task.     In  1851  the 


SALIN 


1023 


SALTER 


mission  was  reduced  by  death  to  such  a  degree 
that  not  a  sinitlo  fellow-hiborer  remained  of  tliose 
who  went  out  witli  him,  except  one  or  two  colored 
bretliren.  All  his  European  colleagues  were  gone, 
and  he  was  left  alone.  Hitherto  he  had  been  in  a 
subordinate  position,  but  now  from  necessity  he 
was  obliged  to  take  the  lead.  In  1853  the  Spanish 
government,  instigated  by  the  Jesuit  missionaries, 
insisted  on  the  departure  of  the  Baptists  from  Fer- 
nando Po,  and  suppressed  all  Protestant  worship. 
The  converts  resolved  to  accompany  their  teachers, 
and  the  whole  Baptist  community  removed  under 
Mr.  S-,ikor"s  guidance  to  Amboises  Bay,  on  the 
mainland.  He  purchased  a  tract  of  land  on  the 
coast  from  tlie  Biinl)ia  chief,  and  mapped  out  the 
new  colony  of  Victoria.  Under  his  energetic  super- 
intendence and  untiring  personal  labor  the  ground 
was  soon  covered  with  houses  and  gardens  for  the 
exiles.  Mr.  Saker\s  influence  upon  the  native  chiefs 
and  their  people  was  most  successfully  exercised  in 
suppressing  many  of  their  cruel  and  sanguinary 
customs.  Indeed,  if  he  had  chosen,  he  might  have 
made  himself  their  king  in  the  later  years  of  his 
residence  among  them.  Although  he  lived  so  long 
in  a  climate  deadly  to  Europeans,  he  suffered  greatly 
from  fever  and  debility.  Few  who  saw  him  when  oc- 
casionally visiting  England  to  recruit  his  strength, 
can'  forget  the  look  of  extreme  emaciation  which 
always  characterized  him.  But  his  soul  was  full 
of  indomita1)le  vigor,  and  it  was  not  until  1878 
that  he  finally  gave  up  the  work  and  returned  to 
England.  As  opportunity  offered,  he  visited  the 
churches  in  the  interest  of  missions  until  March, 
1880,  when  he  entered  into  rest,  aged  sixty-five 
years.     His  devoted  wife  yet  survives  him. 

Salin,  Rev.  Lewis  H.,  a  learned  and  talented 
Israelite,  was  born  in  the  kingdom  of  Bavaria, 
Germany,  July  2,  1S29,  and  is  the  son  of  Rablji 
Henry  B.  Salin.  lie  was  educated  in  his  native 
country.  He  came  to  the  United  States  a  young 
man,  and  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  in 
Cincinnati.  In  1852  he  was  converted  to  Christ, 
and  united  with  Longridge  Baptist  church  in  Owen 
Co.,  Ky.,  where  he  has  since  resided.  He  was  li- 
censed to  preach  in  1855,  and  ordained  in  1857. 
He  has  usually  been  pastor  of  four  country  and 
village  churches,  but  he  has  also  labored  exten- 
sively and  very  successfully  as  an  evangelist  in  the 
towns  and  cities  of  the  State. 

Sallis,  James  G.,  M.D.,  a  prominent  physician 
in  Attala  Co.,  Miss.,  deacon  in  the  Baptist  (^hurch, 
and  one  of  the  most  efficient  Sunday-school  work- 
ers in  his  part  of  the  State,  was  born  in  Alabama 
in  1825.     lie  has  resided  in  Mississippi  since  1848. 

Salter,  Lieut.-Gov.  Melville  Judson,  was  born 

in  Sardinia,  Wyoming  Co.,  N.  Y.,  June  20,  1834, 
and  was  one  year  old  when  his  parents  removed  to 
Battle  Creek,  Mich.     They  removed  again,  in  1S40, 


to  Marshall,  Mich.,  where  he  was  converted  at  the 
ago  of  sixteen,  and  unit('(l  with  the  Baptist  Churcli. 
He  is  a  self-educated  man.  He  removed  to  Cali- 
fornia, where  he  spent  some  time.     On  hearing  of 


LIEUT. -GOV.   MELVILI.E    JUDSON    S.M.TER. 

the  death  of  his  mother  in  Michigan,  he  took  pas- 
sage on  the  steamer  "  Cortez"  to  Nicaragua,  where 
the  vessel  was  seized,  and  the  whole  crew  came 
near  being  pressed  into  the  service  of  Gen.  Walker, 
and  but  for  the  prompt  action  of  Capt.  Collins  the 
object  might  have  been  accomplished.  At  Panama 
about  forty  of  the  passengers  stopped  at  the  "  Ocean 
House."  In  a  mere  freak,  Mr.  Salter  suggested  to 
a  comrade  that  they  board  a  train  just  leaving  for 
xVspinwall,  and  in  twenty  minutes  after  a  riot  broke 
out  in  which  every  American  guest  at  the  "Ocean 
House"  was  killed.  He  and  his  comrade  only  es- 
caped. In  1871  he  removed  with  his  wife  and 
three  sons  to  the  neighborhood  of  Thayer,  Neosho 
Co.,  Kansas.  In  1872  great  excitement  prevailed 
among  the  settlers  on  the  Osage  ceded  lands.  A 
protective  association  was  formed,  and  he  was 
elected  chief  counselor.  Here  his  executive  abili- 
ties were  demonstrated.  The  settlers  triumphed  in 
the  contest  for  their  homes.  In  1874  he  was  elected 
lieutenant-governor  of  Kansas,  and  in  1870  was 
re-elected,  and  also  appointed  regent  of  Manhattan 
College.  In  1877  he  was  appointed  register  of  Inde- 
pendence land-office.  He  is  also  a  deacon  of  the 
Baptist  church.  While  the  chui-ch  was  unable  to 
support  a  pastor  he  led  in  the  services  and  read 
sermons  on  the  Sabbath,  and  superintended  the 
Sunday-school  with  acceptance  and  success.    Lieut.- 


SAMSON 


1024 


SAMSOX 


Gov.  Salter's  religion  is  of  that  kind  that  will  bear 
transportation  without  yielding. 

Samson,  Rev.  Abisha,  was  born  at  Woodstock, 
Vt.,  Sept.  28,  1783.  He  was  hopefully  converted 
when  about  seventeen  yearsof  age,  and  joined  the 
Congregational  church  in  Halifax,  Mass.  '  In  the 
spring  of  1805,  finding  his  views  more  in  harmony 
with  those  of  the  Baptists,  he  united  with  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Providence,  R.  I.,  where 
he  was  then  residing.  In  1804  he  commenced  to 
study  with  Rev.  W.  Williams,  of  Wrenthani,  Mass. 
■with  the  intention  of  entering  the  Christian  min- 
istry. He  was  licensed  by  the  First  church,  in 
Providence,  in  April,  1805,  and  was  ordained  in 
June,  1806,  in  the  meeting-house  of  the  church  of 
which  he  was  a  member,  and  at  once  entered  upon 
his  work  as  pastor  of  the  church  in  Tisbury,  Mar- 
tha's Vineyard,  Mass.,  in  which  place,  and  in  ad- 
joining places,  his  ministry  was  very  successful. 
Circumstances  which  he  could  not  control  led  to  his 
resignation  and  acceptance  of  a  call  to  Harvard, 
Mass.,  in  1812.  where  he  remained,  a  most  useful 
pastor,  for  twenty  years.  In  1832  he  took  charge 
of  the  church  in  Southborough,  Mass.,  remaining 
there  for  eight  years,  when  he  removed  to  Worces- 
ter, Mass.,  and  after  four  years  to  Washington, 
D.  C,  to  reside  with  hi«  son.  Rev.  Dr.  Samson,  then 
president  of  Columbian'  College,  where  he  died, 
June  24,  1861. 

Samson,  George  Whitefield,  D.D.,  was  bom 

Sept.  29,  1819,  at  Harvard,  Mass.  His  father, 
Abisha  Samson,  was  the  sixth  in  descent  from 
Abraham  Samson,  who  came  to  Plymouth  among 
tiie  earliest  Pilgrims  :  and  his  mother,  Mehetable 
Kenrick,  was  the  sixth  in  descent  from  one  of  the 
earliest  Puritan  settlers  at  Boston,  Mass.  From 
the  age  of  eight  young  Samson  was  his  father's 
chief  reader, — his  eyesight  having  failed  entirely, 
— and  by  this  means,  before  he  was  thirteen  years 
old,  he  became  familialr  with  Scotfs  "Commen- 
tary," Gill's  "Divinity,"  Buck's '"  Theological  Dic- 
tionary," and  such  early  Andover  press-issues  as 
Jahn's"01d  Testament  Introduction,"  "Biblical 
Ai'chgBology,"  etc.  At  the  age  of  twelve,  during  a 
series  of  '"four  days'  meetings"  held  in  1831,  lie 
was  hopefully  converted,  and  was  baptized  by  his 
father  in  November  of  that  year.  The  reading  of 
the  memoir  of  the  first  INIrs.  Judson  led  him  to 
resolve  to  study  for  the  ministry,  having  in  view 
the  foreign  mission  work.  In  the  spring  of  1832 
he  began  to  prepare  for  college  under  the  Rev. 
Ch'as.  Train,  of  Framingham  ;  and  in  June,  1833, 
at  the  opening  of  the  AVorcestcr  ]\Ianual  Labor 
School,  under  the  charge  of  Silas  Bailey,  he  became 
one  of  its  first  pupils,  and  a  favorite  of  the  Hon. 
Isaac  Davis,  one  of  its  chief  patrons.  He  entered 
Brown  University  in  September,  1835,  and  gradu- 
ated in   1839.     In  the  mean  time   he  was  an  occa- 


sional correspondent  of,  and  reporter  for,  the  Chris- 
tian Waiihman.  Boston.  During  1839-40  he  was 
assistant  principal,  under  Prof  S.  S.  Greene,  at  the 
Worcester  Manual    Labor   School,    during  which 


GEORGE    WHJTEFIELD    SAMSOX,  D.D. 

time  he  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  First  Baptist 
church,  AVorcester.  He  entered  Xewton  Theologi- 
cal Seminauy  in  September,  1S40,  and  graduated  in 
1843.  jNIeanwhile  he  preached  in  the  summer  vaca- 
tion of  1841  at  Martha's  Vineyard,  and  in  the  spring 
and  summer  of  1842  at  Washington,  D.  C,  the  E 
Street  church  being  constituted  at  his  second  visit, 
Oct.  6,  1842,  with  twenty-one  memliers.  In  the  au- 
tumn of  1842  he  was  invited  by  the  Baptist  Gen- 
eral Convention  to  take  charge  of  the  Karen  Col- 
lege, about  to  be  organized,  but  circumstances 
prevented,  and  Dr.  Binney  accepted  the  appoint- 
ment. During  the  winter  of  1842-43,  Rev.  Jacob 
Knapp  was  preaching  fur  the  new  church  in  Wasli- 
ington,  and  ]\I.  B.  Ander;^on.  now  of  Rochester 
University,  and  at  tliat  time  tutor  in  AVaterville 
College,  was  with  the  ciiurch  during  December  and 
January.  At  the  solicitation  of  the  church,  Mr. 
Samson  spent  three  months  with  them  following 
up  the  work,  which  resulted  in  the  addition  of  120 
new  members.  Returning  to  Newton,  he  finished 
his  course,  and  graduated  in  1843.  and  was  ordained 
at  Washington  in  August.  After  four  j^ears  of 
arduous  labor,  having  specially  prepared  himself 
for  the  study  of  art  and  of  Biblical  archaeology, 
he  spent  a  year  in  the  East  and  in  Western  Europe, 
devoting  half  a  year  to  Goshen,  the  Desert  of  Si- 
nai, and  Palestine ;  following  the  route  of  Nape- 


SAMSON 


1025 


SANCTIFICATION 


leon's  engineers  in  1798-99  through  the  delta  re- 
traced by  Seetzen  in  1810,  and  personally  finding 
the  valley  east  of  Jebel  Mousa,  regarded  by  early 
Christians  as  the  place  of  Israel's  onoanipmcnt, 
and  since  his  visit  recognized  ])y  French  and  Ger- 
man scholars.  He  satisfactorily  identified  also  the 
sites  of  Christ's  birth,  baptism,  transfiguration, 
death,  ascension,  and  other  localities.  A  series  of 
letters  was  written  for  the  Watchman,  of  Boston  ; 
three  articles  on  Goshen  were  prepared  for  the 
Christian  Review :  one  on  Sinai  fur  the  Bihliotheca 
iSacra  ;  a  treatise  on  the  places  of  New  Testament 
Ijaptisms:  a  small  volume  on  spiritualism, — all  ap- 
pearing between  1848  and  1851.  Returning  to 
Washington,  he  remained  with  the  E  Street  church 
from  1848  to  1850.  when  he  became,  for  two  years, 
the  successor  of  Dr.  Hague  at  -Jamaica  Plain,  Mass. 
Returning  again  to  Washington,  he  continued  pas- 
tor of  the  church  for  eight  years,  having  among 
his  regular  hearers  Amos  Kendall.  Sam  Houston, 
W.  L.  Marcy,  Thos.  Corwin.  W.  A.  Graham,  Duff 
Green,  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  and  other  prominent 
statesmen.  In  1858  he  was  elected  president  of 
the  Columbian  College,  Washington,  I).  C,  and 
within  two  years  the  number  of  students  was  con- 
siderably increased,  many  donations  were  made, 
and  the  legacies  of  Prof.  R.  Elton,  D.D.,  John 
Withers,  and  James  ^NlcCutchen  given.  At  the 
opening  of  the  war  the  main  college  edifice  was 
rented  to  the  government  as  a  hospital,  and  it  was 
the  only  building  thus  occupied  ibr  which  a  written 
lease  was  given.  Prior  to  the  war,  as  early  as 
1845,  when  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention  was 
fnrmcd,  the  E  Street  church,  at  the  suggestion  of 
the  pastor,  voted  that  in  missionary  collections  all 
who  chose  might  designate  their  contributions, 
while  undesignated  funds  should  be  equally  divided 
between  the  North  and  the  South.  Dr.  Samson 
was  associated  with  the  boards  of  the  Northern  and 
the  Southern  organizations,  and  was  a  trustee  of 
the  Southern  Theological  Seminary  at  Greenville. 
Prior  and  up  to  the  opening  of  the  war.  the  most 
e.xtreme  political  partisans  met  at  the  communion 
table  in  his  church.  During  the  war  he  was  per- 
mitted by  President  Lincoln  and  his  cabinet,  and 
especially  by  the  Secretaries  of  State  and  of  AVar, 
and  by  the  Postmaster-General,  to  keep  alive  all 
possible  religious  and  missionary  exchanges  between 
the  North  and  the  South.  At  the  close  of  the  war 
everything  connected  with  the  college  needed  im- 
provement. W.  W.  Corcoran,  LL.D.,  since  a  most 
oiunificent  donor,  gave  a  building  for  the  medical 
department ;  a  law-school  of  marked  efficiency  was 
organized,  and  a  building  ])urchased  and  fitted  for 
the  purpose,  and  made  to  pjiy  for  itself;  the  college 
building  improved,  a  new  preparatory  school  built, 
and  a  theological  department  organized  for  voung 
men,  white  and  colored,   temporarily  residing   in 


Washington.  The  increasing  labors  and  cares  of 
President  Samson  led  him,  in  1871,  to  resign,  after 
twelve  years'  arduous  service  as  president,  and 
twenty-five  as  a  trustee,  in  order  to  accept  the  pres- 
idency of  Rutgers  Female  College,  New  York  City. 
In  1S73  he  accepted  the  ]>astorate  of  the  First  Bap- 
tist church,  Harlem,  now  Blount  Morris  Baptist 
church,  New  York,  though  retaining  his  connection 
with  Rutgers  College  as  president  up  to  1875,  and 
as  lecturer  on  art  up  to  the  present  time.  Dr. 
Samson  has,  notwithstanding  his  arduous  labors, 
written  much.  In  addition  to  the  writings  already 
mentioned,  he  published,  in  18C6,  "Elements  of 
Art  Criticism,"  and  in  18(18  an  abridged  edition  of 
the  same  ;  numerous  small  treatises  and  articles  in 
weeklies,  monthlies,  and  quarterlies,  especially  on 
the  subjects  of  "  Evolution''  and  the  '•  Future 
State."  A  small  volume  on  the  "  Atonement  His- 
torically Considered"  has  just  been  published,  and 
a  treatise  on  '"Wine  in  Religious  Uses"  has  been 
prepared  by  him  at  the  request  of  two  Conventions. 
No  Baptist  clergyman  in  tiu-  country  is  perhaps 
better  known  throughout  the  denomination  than 
Dr.  Samson. 

Sanctification. — Sanctification  [iytacuo^)  is  sep- 
aration from  the  world,  purity  of  heart  and  life, 
holiness. 

The  inspired  truth  of  God  is  the  instrument  by 
which  the  soul  is  sanctified,  and  the  Spirit  of  God 
is  the  author  of  that  blessed  work. 

It  commences  in  the  soul  when  the  Comforter 
gives  a  new  heart,  and  when  he  imparts  that  faith 
in  Jesus  which  enables  the  believer  to  shake  off 
the  allurements  and  power  of  sin. 

Its  nature  is  often  misunderstood  by  Christians. 
In  the  unconverted  man  there  is  but  one  bent,  one 
inclination,  and  it  always  points  to  some  form  of 
selfishness  or  sin.  He  forgets  God,  or  only  thinks 
of  him  to  resist  him.  And  though  his  conscience 
may  occasionally  remonstrate  with  him.  yet  he  has 
but  one  purpose  in  life.  The  Christian  has  ttco 
dis])')sit icnt.i :  the  controlling  one  is  governed  l>y 
love  to  Christ  and  hatred  of  sin  ;  the  inferior  one 
is  composed  of  the  remains  of  his  corrupt  nature, 
and  it  is  full  of  hatred  to  Jesus  and  a  holy  life. 
These  opposite  inclinations  are  found  in  some 
measure  in  every  regenerated  member  of  Christ's 
family,  from  the  most  perfect  disciple,  ready  for 
heaven,  to  the  most  defective  believer,  just  born  of 
the  Spirit.  There  never  was  a  true  believer  on 
earth  entirely  free  from  the  abiding  evil  of  which 
Paul  speaks  in  Romans  vii.  2^  :  ''  But  I  see  an- 
other law  in  my  members,  warring  against  the  law 
of  my  mind,  and  bringing  me  into  captivity  to  the 
law  of  sin  which  is  in  my  members."  This  law 
of  sin  needs  continual  watching,  and  it  needs  re- 
sistless grace  ;  and  it  only  perishes  in  a  child  of 
God  when  death  destroys   the    life    of   the  body. 


SANCTIFICATION 


1026 


SANDERS 


Sanctification,  after  it  is  commenced  by  the  new 
birth  and  a  firm  reliance  upon  Clirist,  consists  in 
a  constant  growth  in  faith  and  in  love  to  Christ ; 
these  developments  of  the  religious  life  impose  in- 
creased restraints  upon  our  evil  tendencies,  and 
give  additional  power  to  our  earnest  and' frequent 
prayers  for  grace  to  overcome  every  foe  of  Jesus 
within  and  around  us. 

We  should  aim  at  complete  consecration  to  God. 
The  Saviour  says,  "  Be  ye  perfect  even  as  your 
Father  who  is  in  heaven  is  perfect ;"  that  is,  ''  Be 
fully  developed  {rcTieioc)  or  complete  (in  the  graces 
of  the  Spirit)  as  your  Father  who  is  in  heaven  is 
complete  (in  all  the  grand  attributes  of  his  being)." 
Paul  says,  "  I  beseech  you  therefore,  brethren,  by 
the  mei-cies  of  God,  that  ye  present  your  bodies  a 
living  sacrifice,  holy,  acceptable  unto  God,  which 
is  your  reasonable  service."  When  any  creature 
was  given  to  a  Jewish  priest  to  be  offered  up  to 
God  in  sacrifice,  nothing  was  retained  by  the  wor- 
shiper, not  even  a  portion  of  the  hair  or  of  the  wool. 
A  Jewish  altar  must  be  built  not  of  hewn,  but  of 
whole  stones  (Joshua  viii.  31)  ;  the  priest  must  not 
be  deformed  or  injured  :  he  must  be  a  perfect  phys- 
ical man  ;  and  the  sacrifice  must  be  Avithout  blem- 
ish, and  must  be  given  whole  to  the  priest.  And 
we  are  required  to  present  our  bodies  a  living  sac- 
rifice, an  enduring  and  complete  oSering  to  God. 

Sanctification  is  n progressive  work.  Paul  says, 
"Leaving  the  principles  (rudiments)  of  the  doc- 
trine of  Christ,  let  us  go  oh  unto  perfection  ;"  that 
is,  unto  the  full  development  of  Christian  graces. 
An  intelligent  patriot,  in  a  time  of  war,  enlists; 
but  though  he  loves  his  country,  and  has  a  strong 
body  and  a  vigorous  mind,  he  needs  drilling  to 
make  him  useful.  Five  thousand  veterans  could 
chase  one  hundred  thousand  warriors  of  his  order. 
But  let  him  be  drilled- for  six  months,  and  pass 
through  two  or  three  battles,  and  he  is  fitted  for 
anything  which  the  experienced  and  brave  patriot 
can  achieve.  So  the  believer,  as  he  journeys  along 
the  narrow  way,  learns  mora  every  day  of  the  cun- 
ning and  perseverance  of  sin,  and  of  the  power  of 
grace  to  resist  it;  and  while  he  may  never  be  freed 
from  the  attacks  of  the  tempter,  nor  from  his  in- 
ternal weaknesses,  till  death,  yet  lie  may  become 
a  powerful  veteran  in  watching,  fighting,  and 
routing  sin  ;  and  he  may  become  strong  in  the 
Lord  and  in  the  power  of  his  might,  so  that  sin 
shall  never  have  dominion  over  him. 

A  holy  heart  and  life  give  the  richest  2)leasure. 
When  tiie  believer  falls  he  prepares  for  the  most 
miserable  doubts,  and  for  bitter  repentance.  Soon 
he  will  be  crying,  "  Has  God  forgotten  to  be  gra- 
cious?" "Cast  me  not  away  from  thy  presence 
and  take  not  thy  Holy  Spirit  from  me."  "  Restore 
unto  me  the  joys  of  thy  salvation  and  uphold  me 
with  thy  free  Spirit."     And,  besides,  the  chastis- 


ing hand  of  God  may  fall  heavily  upon  him  and 

his,  to  make  him  renounce  sin.  But  if  he  is  onh' 
faithful  to  Jesus,  grace  equal  to  every  trial  will  be 
given  him  ;  Jesus  will  walk  with  him  in  every 
furnace  of  affliction,  and  give  him  joy  when  the 
most  acute  anguish- shall  scourge  others.  So  Paul 
was  blessed  in  his  sorrows,  and  as  a  result,  he  sa\'s. 
"We  glory  in  tribulationiialso;"'  and  so  the  martyrs 
have  been  favored  as  their  bodies  were  subjected  to 
the  worst  woes  that  human  cunning  could  invent; 
the  Saviour  filled  them  with  his  love,  and  they  had 
overflowing  pleasures  in  their  agonies. 

Holiness  of  heart  pleases  God.  The  sin  of  the 
angels  drove  them  from  heaven.  The  guilt  of  our 
first  parents  expelled  them  from  Paradise.  The 
sinful  pride  of  ]Moses,  when  he  smote  the  rock  for 
water,  shut  him  out  of  the  earthly  Canaan.  We 
should  follow  after  holiness,  without  which  no  man 
shall  see  the  Lord,  and  without  which  our  prayers 
will  not  be  heard,  for  David  says,  "  If  I  regard  in- 
iquity in  my  heart  the  Lord  will  not  hear  me." 

It  gives  the  world  the  noblest  testimony  to  the 
power  of  Christ.  A  community  of  holy  persons 
attracts  the  attention  of  all  around  them.  Their 
purity  of  life  and  love  to  Jesus  become  proverbial, 
and  with  the  greatest  eloquence  and  success  they 
preach  the  Cross  of  Jesus,  even  when  they  do  not 
utter  a  word.  In  this  way  they  keep  the  Saviour's 
words,  "  Let  your  light  so  shine  before  men  that 
they  may  see  your  good  works,  and  glorify  your 
Father  who  is  in  heaven." 

Sanders,  Rev.  B.  M.,  was  born  in  Columbia 
Co.,  Ga.,  Dec.  2,  1789,  and  was  left  an  orphan  at 
an  early  age.  Previous  to  his  entrance  upon  college 
life  in  the  State  University  at  Athens,  in  1S06,  he 
studied  in  Kiokee  Seminary,  under  good  instructors. 
Leaving  Athens,  he  entered  the  South  Carolina 
College,  at  Columbia,  S.  C,  April  4,  1808,  and  was 
gr'aduated  Dec.  -4,  1809.  His  education  was  thus 
far  above  the  generality  of  the  young  men  of 
Georgia  in  that  day.  Returning  to  his  native 
State,  he  taught  in  the  Columbia  County  Academy 
two  years,  and  then  engaged  most  successfully  in 
the  occupation  of  farming  for  manj-  years.  Mr. 
Sanders  united  with  Kiokee  church  in  1810,  and 
was  baptized  by  Abram  Marshall.  He  was  licensed 
to  preach  by  Union  church,  Warren  Co.,  in  1823, 
at,  which  church  he  was  ordained  in  1825,  after  a 
call  by  the  AV^illiams  Creek  church,  the  Presbytery 
being  composed  of  Jesse  IMercer,  Malachi  Reeves. 
Joseph  Roberts,  John  II.  Walker,  J.  P.  Marshall, 
and  Elislia  Porryman.  In  1832  he  removed  to 
Penfield  to  take  charge  of  ISIercer  Institute,  the 
manual  labor  school  established  by  the  Georgia 
Baptist  Convention  in  January,  1833.  Under  his 
energetic  and  wise  administration  the  institute 
prospered  greatly.  Dr.  J.  II.  Campbell,  in  his 
volume  entitled  "Georgia  Baptists,"  says  of  Mr. 


SANDERS 


1027 


SANFORD 


Sanders,  "  He  was  not  merely  the  general  super- 
intendent of  the  seminary,  but  he  was  teacher, 
steward,  and  farmer.  lie  had  accounts  to  keep, 
buildinj^s  to  erect,  lands  to  clear,  fence,  and  culti- 
vate, financial  plans  to  evolve,  discipline  to  ad- 
minister, studies  to  review,  an  extensive  corre- 
spondence to  keep  up,  besides  preaching  to  the 
churches  around,  and  attending  to  his  own  ])rivate 
and  agricultural  interests.  lie  proved  himself  to 
be  the  very  man  for  the  position,  ami  in  all  his 
various  duties  he  sustained  himself  must  success- 
fully. God  smiled  upon  his  endeavors,  public  favor 
wiis  conciliated  for  the  institution,  the  number  of 
students  increased,  pecuniary  aid  flowed  in,  and 
precious  revivals  of  religion  were  enjoyed  from 
year  to  year.  Wiien  tiie  institute  was  elevated  to 
the  rank  of  a  college,  Mr.  Sanders  was  elected  its 
first  president,  which  position  he  accepted  only  on 
the  condition  that  the  trustees  would  procure  a 
successor  at  their  earliest  opportunity.  A  suc- 
cessor having  been  obtained,  he  resigned  at  the 
close  of  1839,  having  conducted  the  institution 
successfully  through  the  first  seven  years  of  its  ex- 
istence. Though  no  longer  the  president,  he  con- 
tinued, in  other  relations,  his  untiring  efforts  for 
its  prosperity.  lie  was  about  five  years  its  treas- 
urer, without  compensation  ;  and  he  was  a  member 
of  the  board  of  trustees,  and  secret.ary  of  that  board 
up  to  the  time  of  his  decease.  He  did  more  to  es- 
tablish the  universit}'  than  any  other  individual." 

AVith  all  these  duties  he  did  not  diminish,  but 
rather  increased  his  ministerial  labors,  preaching 
to  various  churches.  "  For  more  than  a  quarter 
of  a  century  he  was  a  burning  and  a  shining  light 
in  the  Georgia  Association,  was  its  clerk  for  several 
years,  and  for  nine  years  its  moderator.  For  many 
years  he  was  more  fully  identified  witii  all  the  im- 
portant measures  of  the  Georgia  Bajitist  Conven- 
tion, at  least  as  far  as  their  practical  execution 
was  concerned,  than  any  other  man  in  the  State." 
For  six  years  he  was  its  president,  and  for  a  series 
of  years  was  chairman  of  its  Executive  Committee. 
For  a  time  he  was  editor  of  the  Christian.  Index, 
and  generally  attentlcd  the  old  Triennial  Conven- 
tion, and  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  as  a 
delegate.  Decision  of  character,  punctuality,  in- 
domitable energy,  and  great  moral  courage  were  his 
distinguishing  characteristics.  During  his  whole 
Christian  life  he  seemed  to  make  but  one  contri- 
bution to  the  cause  of  human  happiness,  and  that 
was — himself.  He  will  long  be  held  in  honor  for 
the  distinguished  part  he  took  in  building  up 
the  Baptist  denomination  in  Georgia ;  and  by  the 
hundreds  of  young  men  whom  he  guided  so  faith- 
fully and  successfully  in  the  paths  of  education  and 
religion,  his  memory  is  cherished  with  the  highest 
esteem.  He  departed  this  life,  after  a  lingering 
illness,  which   ho  endured  with   cheerful   resigna- 


tion, on  the  12th  of  March,  18.52,  .and   his  remains 
very   apjiropriately   repose    in    the    grave-yard    at 
Penfield. 
Sanders,  Rev.  Henry  Martin,  pastor  of  the 

Warbiutdti  Avenue  Baptist  church,  Yonkers,  N.  Y., 
was  born  in  New  York  City,  Nov.  20,  1841).  His 
father  is  the  author  of  the  well-known  series  of 
school  books  of  that  name.  He  received  a  thorough 
common-school  education  in  the  public  schools  of 
New  York  City  ;  prepared  for  college  in  Homer, 
N.  Y.  ;  entered  Yale  College  in  1868,  and  gradu- 
ated in  1872.  While  in  college  Mr.  Sanders  was 
successful  in  taking  several  prizes  in  composition 
and  oratory.  After  graduation,  feeling  it  his  duty 
to  enter  the  ministry,  he  gave  a  year  to  wide  read- 
ing and  study,  entered  the  Union  Theological  Semi- 
nary, of  New  York  City,  in  1873,  and  graduated  in 
1876.  AYhile  in  the  seminary  he  received  a  call  to 
the  church  of  which  he  is  at  present  pastor,  and  in 
September,  1876,  was  ordained  to  the  gospel  min- 
istry at  that  church.  For  so  young  a  man  Mr. 
Sanders  has  a  wide  reputation  as  an  orator  and 
scholar,  and  is  destined  to  wield  a  great  power 
among  Christians  of  every  name. 

Sanderson,    Deacon   Daniel,    was   born    in 

Rindge,  N.  II.,  in  17y8.  He  was  left  an  orphan 
in  his  childhood,  and  was  obliged  to  work  his  way, 
by  his  own  energies,  through  the  world.  Having 
been  baptized  by  Rev.  Charles  Train,  he  united 
with  the  Baptist  church  in  Weston.  Mass.  He  was 
one  of  the  constituent  members  of  what  are  now 
the  flourishing  churches  in  Brookline  and  Jamaica 
Plain,  Mass.  Removing  from  the  latter  to  the 
former  place,  he  was  made  a  deacon  of  the  church, 
and  for  seventeen  years  was  one  of  its  most  ac- 
tive and  useful  members.  For  many  years  he  was 
on  the  board  of  the  Massachusetts  Baptist  Con- 
vention, and  for  two  years  was  its  president.  He 
was  also  for  several  years  one  of  the  trustees  of  the 
Newton  Theological  Institution,  and  a  member  of 
the  executive  committee  of  the  American  Baptist 
iNIissionary  Union.  In  all  these  relations  Deacon 
Sanderson  performed  good  service  for  bis  Master. 
He  died  July  2<'),  lS6a. 

Sanford,  Vincent. — This  truly  excellent  and 
godly  man  was  born  in  Loudon  Co.,  Va.,  in  April, 
1777  ;  when  about  twenty-six  years  old  he  was  con- 
verted, and  joined  the  Ketockton  church,  in  his 
native  State.  In  the  fail  of  ISIO  he  renioved  to 
Georgia  and  settled  in  the  town  of  Greensborougli, 
where  for  some  time  he  engaged  in  merchandising. 
At  that  time  he  was  a  member  of  the  Shiloh  church, 
seven  miles  distant,  there  being  no  Baptist  church 
in  Greensborougli :  but  in  1821  a  Baptist  church 
was  constituted  in  that  place,  largely  through  his 
influence,  in  which  cliurch  he  remained  until  his 
death.  He  was  elected  clerk  of  tiie  Inferior  Court 
in  1829,  and  soon  after,  clerk  of  the  Superior  Court, 


SANFORD 


1028 


■SAN  FRANCISCO 


which  position  he  retained  by  successive  elections 
as  long  as  he  lived. 

In  many  respects  Vincent  Sanford  v?as  a  remark- 
able man.  being  noted  chiefly  for  his  purity  of 
character ;  and  perhaps  no  public  man  ever  had 
more  friends  or  fewer  enemies.  "  Uncle  Vincent,'' 
as  he  was  familiarly  called,  was  a  general  favorite. 
To  singular  piety  he  united  extreme  and  unpre- 
tending modesty.  He  loved  to  pray,  and  he  loved 
the  house  of  prayer;  and  the  longer  he  lived  the 
nearer  to  God  did  he  approach.  "With  a  clear  in- 
tellect and  a  still  clearer  hope,  he  died  May  27, 
1859,  in  the  eighty-third  year  of  his  age.  He  was 
one  of  the  many  remarkable  laymen  of  Georgia 
whose  godly  influence  did  much  to  give  tone  and 
character  to  tiie  denomination  in  the  State. 

Sanford,  Rev.  J.  W.,  a  gifted  young  preacher 
in  Mississippi,  was  born  in  Ripley  Co.,  Miss.,  in 
1848.  After  thorough  preparation  in  Ripley  Male 
Academy,  he  entered  Mississippi  Gollege  in  1870. 
His  remarkable  gifts  as  an  orator  soon  attracted 
attention,  and  he  was  frecjuently  called  upon  to 
deliver  public  addresses.  lie  united  with  the 
church  in  1866,  and  was  at  once  licensed  to  preach. 
While  in  college  he  supplied  several  churches  in 
the  vicinity  of  Clinton,  and  after  his  graduation,  in 
1875,  he  became  .pastor  at  Corinth,  Miss.,  in  con- 
nection with  Baldwyn  in  the  same  State.  But, 
after  a  brief  and  brilliant  career,  he  fell  a  victim 
to  consumption  in  1877. 

Sanford,  Miles,  D.D.,~was  born  in  Connecticut, 
and  preached  for  a  time  in  the  Methodist  denomi- 
nation, but  changing  his  views,  he  became  pastor 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Chicago,  then  editor 
in  Detroit.  He  afterwards  returned  to  JMassachu- 
setts,  and  labored  in  the  pastoral  office  at  Boston, 
Gloucester,  and  North  Adams,  and  during  this  lat- 
ter pastorate  he  also  served  as  chaplain  in  the 
army.  Following  this  he  served  the  American  Bi- 
ble Union  as  financial'  secretary,  and  after  retiring 
from  this  position  he  accepted  the  pastoral  charge 
of  the  First  church  of  Salejji,  N.  J.,  where  he  la- 
bored for  about  two  years.  During  tiiis  period  he 
was  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  South 
Jersey  Institute.  He  had  fine  talents  and  high 
culture,  was  an  able  preacher  and  an  efficient  pas- 
tor, and  he  was  loved  and  honored  by  all  who  knew 
him.  He  died  at  Salem,  N.  J.,  while  pastor  of  the 
First  church,  Oct.  31,  1874. 

Sanford,  Prof.  S.  P.,  LL.D.,  a  professor  in  Mer- 
cer University,  at  Macon.  Ga.,  a  son  of  Vincent  San- 
ford. was  born  in  Greensboroun:h,  Ga.,  Jan.  2.'),  1S16. 
His  parents  were  natives  of  Loudon  Co.,  Va.  In 
1810  they  moved  to  Georgia  and  settled  in  Greens- 
borough.  His  grandfather,  .Jeremiah  Sanford,  was 
a  neighlior  .and  intimate  friend  of  George  Washing- 
ton, under  whom  he  served  at  the  siege  of  York- 
town,  witnessing  the  surrender  of  Lord  Cornwallis. 


Prof.  Sanford  took  a  full  course  in  the  State 
University,  graduating  in  1838,  sharing  the  first 
honor  with  Hope  Hull,  Isaiah  Irwin,  and  B.  M. 
Palmer.  While  the  languages  and  mathematics 
were  his  favorite  studies,  he  acquired  a  particular 
fondness  for  mathematics  under  the  tuition  of 
Prof.  C.  F.  McCay.  Three  months  before  his 
graduation  he  was  elected  tutor  in  Mercer  Uni- 
versity, in  which  institution  he  has  been  an  in- 
structor since  August,  1838.  He  was  elected  Pro- 
fessor of  Mathematics  in  1840,  a  position  he  still* 
holds.  As  an  educator  in  his  particular  depart- 
ment, he  prol>.abIy  has  no  superior  in  the  coun- 
try. Besides  instructing,  he  has  made  his  mathe- 
matical knowledge  generally  serviceable  by  the 
publication  of  a  series  of  arithmetics,  which  have 
a  very  extended  circulation,  both  North  and  South. 
He  has  lately  published  also  an  elementary  alge- 
bra for  schools  and  academies,  which  has  already 
secured  a  wide  circulation. 

Prof  Sanford  is  energetic  and  elastic  in  both 
mind  and  body.  Good-natured,  even-tempered,  vi- 
•vacious,  and  cheerful,  he  is  popular  with  students, 
whose  attention  during  recitation  he  never  fails  to 
arrest  and  hold.  For  more  than  forty  years  he 
has  been  either  a  Sundaj--school  superintendent  or 
teacher,  and  much  of  that  time,  also,  a  faithful 
and  useful  deacon.  The  degree  of  LL.D.  was  con- 
ferred upon  him  by  Mercer  University.  Outside 
of  his  particular  department  he  is  an  accomplished 
scholar,  and  has,  during  more  than  one  interreg- 
num, officiated  as  president  of  the  university. 

San  Francisco,  Cal.— The  First  Baptist  church 
of  San  Francisco  is  the  mother  of  120  churches 
in  the  State.  It  was  organized  July  6,  1849.  with 
six  members.     It  was  the  first  Protestant  church 


FIRST    BAPTIST    CUURCU,    SAN    FRANCISCO. 


edifice  erected  in  California.  In  size  it  was  30 
by  50  feet,  built  of  rough  joists  .and  sides,  roofed 
with  ship's  sails,  walls  .and  ceilings  of  cotton-cloth, 
and  cost,  with  the  ground,  §6000.  In  this  build- 
ing the  first  public  school  of  San  Francisco  was 
held.      The    cliurch    has   rebuilt   or   enlarged    its 


SAN  FRANCISCO 


1029 


SAU  QUALA 


houses  of  worship  four  times,  and  now  occupies  a 
beautiful  edifice  in  the  heart  of  the  city.  There 
are  now  five  Baptist  churches,  two  missions,  and  a 
Cliinese  mission  in  the  city.  The  number  of  Bap- 
tists is  1310.  (See  article  Metkol-omtan  Temi'm;.) 
San  Francisco,  Metropolitan  Temple  of,  is 

occupied  by  the  Metropolitan  churcii,  tiie  result  of 
a  union  in  1875  of  the  Second  and  the  Tabernacle 
churches.  In  five  years  the  number  of  members 
increased  from  231  to  563.  The  temple  was  com- 
pleted in  1877,  at  a  cost,  including!;  the  lots  (75 
by  100  feet),  of  S20l),{)0t).  It  is  mainly  the  bene- 
faction of  Deacon  Isaac  Lankcrsliini  as  a  free  place 
of  worship.  The  main  auditorium,  aiiipliitheatre 
in  form,  beautifully  finished  and  furnished,  ac- 
commodates 3000  hearers;  lecture-room  and  par- 
lors, 1000  persons.  It  has  eleven  other  rooms, 
for  pastor,  libraries,  classes,  etc.,  and  two  large 
stores.  The  church  meets  all  expenses  of  free 
public  worship.  Rents  of  stores,  and  the  hall  for 
concerts  and  lectures,  are  used  as  a  sinking  fund 
to  pay  for  the  building,  in  the  CKpectation  that 
all  will  be  eventually  paid,  when  the  property 
will  be  a  perpetual  source  of  revenue  for  mission 
purposes.  The  Sunday  evening  services  are  al- 
ways largely  attended ;  the  morning  congrega- 
tions are  from  600  to  1000.  This  churcli  is  now 
the  largest  Baptist  church,  and  its  congregation 
the  largest  Protestant  one  on  the  Pacific  coast. 
(See  article  Lankersmim.) 

Sarles,  John  Wesley,  L.D.,  was  born  in  Bed- 
ford, N.  Y.,  June  26,  1817;  became  a  member  of 
the  Oliver  Street  church.  New  York  ;  was  baptized 
by  Dr.  Cone,  April  5,  1835.  lie  pursued  the  full 
eight  years'  course  at  Hamilton,  graduating  in 
1847.  lie  became  pastor  of  the  newly-formed 
Central  church,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y..  and  remained 
there  for  thirty-two  years,  enjoying  an  unusually 
successful  pastorate.  It  was  supposed  that  he  was 
too  firmly  rooted  to  be  moved,  but  the  old  church 
at  Piscataway,  N.  J.,  gave  him  a  hearty  call,  and 
in  1879  he  accepted  it.  His  talents  and  piety  are 
well  adapted  to  the  important  position  which  he  is 
called  to  fill.  In  1860  Madison  University  gave 
him  the  degree  of  D.D.  lie  has  by  request  per- 
mitted several  able  sermons  to  })e  published,  and 
his  memorial  of  his  excellent  wife  has  been  widely 
circulated.  Dr.  Sarles  is  one  of  the  purest  and 
))est  ministers  in  the  Baptist  denomination. 

Saunders,  Eev.  Edward  Manning,  A.M.,  was 
born  Dec.  20,  1829,  in  Aylesford,  Nova  Scotia; 
taught  in  Milton  Academj',  Queen's  Co.,  Nova  Sco- 
tia; entered  Acadia  College  in  1854;  graduated 
therein  June,  1858;  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Berwick,  Nova  Scotia.  Dec.  15,  1858  ; 
subsequently  studied  theology  at  Newton  :  became 
pastor,  in  1867,  of  the  Baptist  church,  Granville 
Street,  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  where  he  still  minis- 


ters.    Mr.  Saunders  is  a  sound   iheologiati  and  an 
able  preacher. 

Sau  Q,uala  is  a  S'gan  Karen,  and  was  among 
the  earlier  converts  from  that  interesting  people. 
Euiinently  successful  as  he  was  in  the  commence- 
ment of  his  Christian  life  as  a  preacher  of  the  gospel, 
the  missionaries  thought  him  to  be  a  most  suitabli? 
person  to  be  ordained  to  the  work  of  the  Christian 
ministry  in  1846,  and  he  soon  came  to  be  regarded 
as  the  leading  Karen  minister  in  the  Tavoy  Mis- 
sion. At  a  meeting  of  an  Association  of  Karen 
churches,  held  at  Mata  for  several  days  in  Jan- 
uary, 1851,  we  find  that  "the  annual  sermon,  a 
pertinent  and  practical  discourse,  was  preached  by 
Sau  Qiiala  at  the  opening."  The  report  of  the  Ex- 
ecutive Committee  for  1852  alludes  to  a  remark  of 
one  of  the  Tavoy  missionaries,  who  is  speaking, 
without  douljt,  of  Sau  (Juala,  as  "a  good  man  in 
whom  people  repose  unliouiided  confidence.  They 
fear  they  can  do  nothing  without  him."  For  some 
time  he  was  pastor  of  the  church  at  Pyeekhya. 
The  true  missionary  spirit  was  in  Sau  Quala,  and 
he  yielded  to  the  strong  desire  he  felt  to  reach  his 
countrymen  in  other  parts  of  Burmah.  AVhen  Dr. 
Mason  commenced  the  mission  at  Toungoo,  being 
obliged  on  account  of  ill  health  to  be  absent  for  a 
time,  the  whole  responsibility  of  conducting  the 
mission  devolved  on  Sau  Quala  and  his  native  as- 
sistants. Dr.  Mason  had  great  confidence  in  him. 
lie  h.ad  been  his  teacher  in  Karen,  and  had  ren- 
dered him  aid  in  translating  the  Scriptures.  He 
commenced  his  work  at  Toungoo  with  apostolic 
zeal,  making  tours  into  the  adjacent  country,  and 
preaching,  in  connection  with  his  assistants,  so 
efi'ectually  that  at  the  end  of  their  first  year's  labors 
there  were  12  preachers,  14  churches,  and  741  mem- 
bers, besides  hundreds  who  had  asked  to  be  bap- 
tized but  had  l)een  advised  to  wait  for  a  season. 
The  tribes  of  Karens  among  whom  he  labored  were 
a  nation  of  drunkards  and  gamblers,  exceedingly 
quarrelsome  and  vin<lictive.  After  five  years  of 
evangelical  labor  with  these  savage  tribes,  as  the 
result  of  the  missionary  work  which  had  been 
done,  there  was  a  Christianizeil  population  of 
26,000  souls,  of  whom  nearly  4000  were  members 
of  churches.  Year  after  year  we  find  the  name  of 
Sau  Quala  among  the  list  of  native  preachers  in  the 
Toungoo  station,  and  we  know  he  did  good  work  in 
the  field  of  his  laliors.  During  all  the  troubles 
which  wrought  such  havoc  with  the  Karen  Chri.s- 
tians  in  the  Tavoy  station,  in  connection  with  the 
eccentric  movements  of  Mrs.  Mason,  he  was  not 
seduced  from  his  allegiance  to  the  cause  he  so  much 
loved.  Said  Dr.  Warren  in  his  appeal  to  the  Karen 
Christians,"  Sau  (^uala  stands  firitily  ;  follow  him." 
Mr.  Cross  says  of  him,  '"  Quala's  character  appears 
grandly  in  the  fires  of  this  furnace."  Among 
Mr.  Bunker's  "  First  Impressions"  we  find  the  fol- 


SAVAGE 


]030 


SA  WTELLE 


lowing:  "  The  good  old  Quala  is  here.  Were  there 
no  other  fruit  save  Quahi  for  a  fifty  years'  sowing, 
missions  would  be  a  glorious  success.  He  is  a 
monument  of  grace,  and  a  bright  example  of  God's 
love  and  the  elevating  influence  of  the  gospel."  In 
September,  1878,  Mr.  Carpenter,  in  giving  an  ac- 
count of  the  jubilee  to  commemorate  the  conversion 
of  Ko-Thah-Byu,  writes,  "  The  aged  Quala  had 
been  invited,  but  suffering  as  he  is  from  partial 
paralysis,  he  was  unable  to  come  so  far.  lie  wrote 
a  long  letter,  however,  telling  what  he  knew  of 
Ko-Thah-Byu  and  the  early  work  in  Tavoy,  which 
was  read  to  the  congregation  at  this  season." 

Savag€,  Rev.  Eleazer,  was  born  in  Middle- 
town,  Conn.,  July  28,  1800  ;  entered  Hamilton  in 
1820;  was  ordained  in  Rochester  in  1824;  was 
pastor  in  several  other  communities  in  New  York, 
in  which  he  baptized  more  than  400  souls  ;  pub- 
lished a  valuable  work  on  Church'  Discipline.  Mr. 
Savage  was  a  very  useful  minister,  awd  an  honored 
and  faithful  servant  of  Jesus;  one  of  his  daughters 
is  the  wife  of  the  able  president  of  the  Rochester 
Theological  Seminary. 

Savage,  Rev.  R.  R„  was  bom  in  Nansemond 
Co.,  Va.,  in  1835.  lie  was  fitted  for  college  at 
Reynoldson  Institute,  N.  C,  and  graduated  at  AVake 
Forest  College  in  1858.-  He  labored  for  some  time 
in  Halifax  Co.,  Va.,  but'for  inany  years  has  been 
one  of  the  wise  and  mighty  men  who  have  guided 
the  counsels  of  the  Chowan,  the  largest  Associ- 
ation in  North  Carolina.  He  is  a,  trustee  of  Wake 
Forest  College,  and  also  of  the  Chowan  Female  In- 
stitute.    He  is  a  man  of  great  worth. 

Savannah,  The  Baptist  Church  of.— In  1794 

the  few  Baptists  who  were  in  Savannah,  Ga.,  pro- 
posed the  erection  of  a  house  of  worship.  The  fol- 
lowing year,  by  the  assistance  of  general  contri- 
butions from  different  denominations,  a  house  50  by 
60  feet  was  erected  on  Franklin  Square,  under  the 
superintendence  of  Ebfenezer  Hills,  John  JMillen, 
Thomas  Polhill,  -John  Ilauiilton,  Thomas  Harrison, 
and  John  H.  llobai'ds  as  trustees.  There  seems  to 
have  been  some  sort  of  church  organization  in 
1795,  as  in  that  year  the  city  conveyed  a  lot  to  the 
church,  the  petition  for  which  was  drawn  by 
Robert  Bolton.  The  house,  in  an  unfinished  state, 
was  rented  to  the  Presbyterians,  who  had  lost  their 
church  edifice  by  fire.  They  completed  it,  and  occu- 
pied it  three  years.  In  1799,  while  the  house  was 
still  under  lease  to  the  Presbyterians,  Rev.  Henry 
Ilolcombe,  of  Beaufort,  S.  C,  was  chosen  pastor 
of  the  congregation,  then  consisting  of  different 
denominations.  His  salary  was  S'2000  per  annum. 
The  house  of  worship  was  dedicated  by  the  Bap- 
tists on  the  17th  of  April,  1800,  and  on  the  26tli 
of  November  in  the  same  year  the  oluirch  was 
fully  organized  and  constituted,  the  membership 
then  consisting  of  fourteen  persons. 


The  charter  of  incorporation  was  drawn  by  John 
McPherson  Berrien,  and  was  signed  by  Gov. 
Josiah  Tatnall,  in  the  year  1801.  Dr.  Henry  Hol- 
combe  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  new  church 
on  the  25th  of  January,  1802,  and  he  accepted  the 
invitation  on  the  24th  of  March  of  the  same  year. 
The  church  worshiped  on  Franklin  Square  till 
1833,  and  then  rcTnoved  t©  the  building  on  Chip- 
pewa Square.  In  1839  the  edifice  was  enlarged, 
during  the  pastorate  of  Rev.  J.  G.  Binney.  The 
improvements  cost  about  §40,000.  The  church 
still  worships  in  this  house. 

Pastors  of  the  First  church  from  1800  to  1847  : 
Henry  Ilolcombe,  D.D.,  Wm.  B.  .Johnson,  D.D., 
Benjamin  Screven,  -lames  Sweat,  Thomas  Meredith, 
Henry  0.  Wyer,  -Josiah  S.  Law,  Chas.  B.  Jones. 
•J.  G.  Binney,  Henry  0.  Wyer,  Albert  Williams. 

On  the  4th  of  February,  1847,  the  church  divided. 
Rev.  Albert  Williams  pastor,  after  which  the  two 
branches  were  known  as  the  First  and  Second  Ba]i- 
tist  churches,  though  the  first  never  changed  its 
name.  The  Second  Baptist  church  dissolved  on 
fclie  6th  of  February,  1859,  and  reunited  with  the 
old  church,  and  invested  its  improvements  on  the 
church  building  and  in  the  purchase  of  the  pastor's 
home. 

The  pastors  of  the  First  church  from  1847  to 
1859  were  Albert  AVilliams,  -Joseph  T.  Robert, 
Thomas  Rambaut,  -J.  B.  Stiteler,  and  S.  G.  Daniel. 
Of  the  Second  church,  the  pastors  for  the  .same 
time  were  Henry  0.  Wyer,  J.  P.  Tustin,  Henry  0. 
Wyer,  and  M.  Winston. 

After  the  reunion  the  church  called  Rev.  Syl- 
vanus  Landrum,  of  Macon,  Ga.,  in  November,  1859. 
and  in  the  December  following  he  settled  with  the 
church  as  pastor.  His  first  pastorate  terminated 
Oct.  1,  1871.  From  that  time  until  May  1,  1879, 
Timothy  Ilarley  was  pastor.  The  second  pastorate 
of  Dr.  Landruui  began  Sept.  1,  1879.  and  he  still 
occupies  the  position. 

The  deacons  now  acting  are  Wm.  II.  Stark,  .John 
B.  Howard,  Charles  W.  AVest,  Robert  N.  Reed, 
David  B.  Morgan,  and  AVm.  0.  Van  Vorst.  The 
membership  is  about  500.  Tiie  church  has  adopted 
the  New  Hampshire  Confession  of  Faith  and  the 
covenant  attached  to  it. 

Sawtelle,  Henry  Allen,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Sid- 
ncTj,  Me.,  Dec.  11,  1832.  Until  lie  was  sixteen  years 
of  age  he  lived  on  a  farm.  He  then  fitted  for  col- 
lege at  Waterville,  under  the  tuition  of  J.  IL  Han- 
son, LL.D.  He  entered  what  is  now  Colby  Uni- 
versity in  1850.  and  graduated  with  the  honors  of 
his  class  in  1854.  Immediately  on  graduating  he 
was  appointed  tutor  in  his  alma  mater,  and  held 
the  office  for  one  year,  at  the  end  of  which  he  en- 
tered the  Newton  Theological  Institution,  and 
graduated  in  regular  course  in  1858.  Soon  after 
leaving  Newton  he  was  ordained  and  became  pas- 


SA  WYER 


1031 


SA  WYER 


tor  of  tlie  church  in  liimcrick,  Me.  lie  reiiiainod 
here  but  one  year  when,  havin;:  received  an  ap- 
pointment from  the  Missionary  Union,  ho  resigned 
the  pastorate  of  the  Limerick  church,  and  sailed 
for  tli(!  field  of  liis  (histination  in  China,  Oct.  5, 
1859,  and  joined  the  mission  amon<r  tiie  Tie  Thin, 
established  near  Swatow.  Here  he  remained  until 
severe  illness  compellt:d  him  to  resign  his  ]:)osition 
in  the  fall  of  1861.  \n  1802  he  became  the  pastor 
of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  San  Francisco, 
and  in  this  and  the  Union  Scpiaro  Baptist  church 
of  the  same  city  he  pf'i-formed  a  continuous  pas- 
toral service  of  fourteen  and  a  half  years.  While 
living  in  San  Francisco,  besides  performing  his 
ministerial  duties,  he  edited  the  Evaiu/cl  for  three 
years  jointly  with  Rev.  D.  B.  Cheney,  D.U.,  and 
edited  and  published  the  Spm-e  Houi-  for  the  same 
length  of  time.  At  the  termination  of  his  minis- 
try in  San  Francisco,  Dr.  Sawtelle  returned  to  his 
Eastern  home  with  the  liigliest  testimonials  of  his 
ability  and  success  as  a  minister  of  Christ.  In 
1877  he  accepted  a  call  to  become  the  pastor  of  the 
Gary  Avenue  church  in  Chelsea,  which  position  he 
now  holds. 

Dr.  Sawtelle  has  made  diligent  use  of  his  pen 
during  his  ministerial  life.  Besides  the  numerous 
articles  lie  published  while  he  was  editing  the 
Evnwjcl  and  the  Spare  Hour,  he  issued  a  volume 
entitled  "  Things  to  Think  of,"  a  valuable  work 
in  theology  and  literature.  While  pursuing  his 
studies  at  Newton,  at  the  suggestion  of  Prof. 
Ilackett  he  prepared  and  published  in  the  Chris- 
iian  Review  an  extended  article  on  the  '•  Straussian 
Tiieory."  He  has  also  been  an  occasional  con- 
tributor to  the  Bibliotheca  Sacra  and  the  Baptist 
Quarterly,  and  is  one  of  the  writers  of  the  new 
Commentary  on  the  New  Testament  to  be  pub- 
lished under  the  supervision  of  Dr.  Ilovey,  by  the 
American  Baptist  Publication  Society. 

The  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was 
conferred  upon  Dr.  Sawtelle  by  Hillsdale  College, 
Midi.,  in  1S74. 

Sawyer,  Artemus  W.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  AVest 

Hanover,  Vt.,  and  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College 
in  the  class  of  1847.  He  pursued  his  theological 
studies  at  Newton,  gr.iduating  in  the  class  of  1853. 
He  was  ordained  in  December,  18.")3.  For  six  years 
he  was  professor  in  Acadia  College, — 1855-61  ; 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Saratoga,  N.  Y., 
three  years, — 1861-64.  Dr.  Sawyer  retired  from 
the  active  duties  of  the  pastorate  in  1864,  and  be- 
came principal  of  the  New  London  Literary  and 
Scientific  Institution,  which  position  he  held  for 
five  years, — from  1864  to  1869, — when  he  was  ap- 
pointed president  of  Acadia  College.  He  received 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  Coll)y  Uni- 
versity in  1807.  He  is  one  of  the  most  useful  men 
in  the  Maritime  Provinces. 


.\RTE.MUS    W.   SAWYER,   D.D. 

Sawyer,  Conant,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Monkton, 
Vt.,  May  23,  ISU.J  ;  converted  and  baptized  in  early 
life  ;  graduated  at  Hamilton  in  1826  ;  ordained  in 
1829  in  Keesville,  N.  Y.  ;  was  settled  as  pastor  in 
Jay,  Schenectady,  Lowville,  Canton,  Glovcrsville, 
and  Bedford,  N.  Y.,  and  in  llandidph,  Mass.  Large 
gatherings  of  souls  have  followed  his  ministrv.  In 
1869  he  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity. 
His  present  field  of  labor  is  Albion,  N.  Y. 

Sawyer,  Rev.  E.  H.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Mil- 
ford,  Oakland  Co.,  Mich.,  Dec.  18,  1843.  Professed 
religion  when  sixteen  years  of  ago,  and  was  bap- 
tized by  the  Rev.  John  Boothe.  He  was  mainly 
educated  at  Kalamazoo,  Mich.  :  graduated  at  La 
Grange  College,  Mo.,  in  1870,  and  from  the  Baptist 
Union  Theological  Seminary  of  Chicago  in  1873. 
He  was  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Kirkwood, 
Mo.,  and  he  is  now  pastor  at  Macon  City.  Mr. 
Sawyer  received  the  honorar^  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity  from  La  Grange  College  in  1879.  He  has 
just  been  appointed  vice-president  of  La  Grange 
College.  He  is  a  man  of  culture  and  talent,  and 
he  enjoys  the  confidence  of  all  who  know  him. 

Sawyer,  Rev.  Isaac,  was  bom   in  Hoosick, 

N.  Y.,  Nov.  22,  1770,  and  was  left  an  orphan  at  the 
a^e  of  fourteen.  In  1786  he  removed  to  Monkton, 
Vt.  The  whole  country  being  little  better  than  a 
wilderness,  lie  devoted  himself  to  the  toils  of  a 
pioneer's  life.  Here  the  young  man  lived  until 
he  was  twenty-one  years  of  age.  In  1793  he 
was  hopefully  converted.  All  his  relatives  were 
Congregationalists,    and     he    himself    had    been 


SAXTON 


1032 


SCAMMON 


sprinkled  in  infancy.  He  was  not  satisfied,  how- 
ever, with  receiving  a  traditional  faith,  and  after 
examining  tlie  subject  became  a  decided  Baptist, 
and  united  with  ten  others  in  the  formation  of  a 
Baptist  church,  of  whicii,  although  the  youngest 
member,  he  was  made  the  deacon.  In  1797  the 
church  of  which  he  Was  a.  memlier  urged  him  to 
enter  the  Christian  ministry.  lie  heard,  as  he  be- 
lieved, besides  the  call  of  the  church,  that  higher 
call  of  the  Spirit  of  God,  upon  which  our  Baptist 
fathers  laid  so  much  stress,  and  he  would  not  resist 
that  call.  Ilis  ordination  occurred  June  29,  1799, 
and  he  remained  the  pastor  of  the  church  in  Monk- 
ton  for  thirteen  years.  In  addition  to  his  liome 
work,  he  performed,  as  was  the  custom  of  the  min- 
isters of  his  day,  no  small  amount  of  missionary 
labor,  and  we  are  told  that  •'  many  of  the  large  and 
flourishing  churches  in  the  northern  counties  of 
New  York  were  gathered  through  his  instrumen- 
tality. He  was  generally  sent  out  by  the  Associa- 
tion to  which  he  belonged,  and  was  absent  from 
home  six  or  eight  weeks  at  a  time.  He  was  accus- 
tomed as  long  as  he  lived  to  revert  with  great  sat- 
isfaction to  these  missionary  labors  as  having  been 
among  the  most  pleasant  and  successful  of  his 
whole  ministry." 

Mr.  Sawyer's  pastorate  at  Monkton  closed  in 
1812.  Having  passed  a  year  in  Fairfield,  he  spent 
the  next  four  years  at  Orwell,  and  was  greatly 
prospered  in  his  ministry  there.  In  1818  he  be- 
came pastor  of  the  church  in  Brandon,  and  re- 
mained here  for  seven  years,  when  he  removed  to 
Bethel,  supplying  the  church  in  that  place  and 
acting  for  a  part  of  the  time  as  an  agent  of  the 
Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Institution. 
His  next  settlement  was  in  Westport,  N.  Y.,  where 
during  his  pastorate  of  six  years  he  baptized  1.50 
persons.  On  leaving  Westport  he  preached  in  sev- 
eral places,  being  but  a  short  time  in  any  one  of 
them.  His  death  occuVred  Sept.  30,  1847.  Up- 
wards of  1 100  persons  were  baptized  by  Mr.  Saw- 
yer during  his  ministry,  and  '•  tim on g  them  a  greater 
number  who  became  ministers  than  have  been 
baptized  by  any  other  pastor  in  Vermont."  Five 
of  his  own  sons  became  ministers  of  the  gospel. 
The  name  of  a  servant  of  Christ  so  active  and  so 
useful  deserves  to  be  held  in  everlasting  remem- 
brance. 

Saxton,  J.  B.,  B.B.,  was  born  in  Northumber- 
land Co.,  Pa. ;  baptized  in  December,  1S3;J.  and  was 
soon  after  licensed  by  the  Shamokin  church.  He 
entered  M.adison  University,  and  graduated  with 
honor  in  1845.  During  his  college  course  he  spent 
sixteen  months  at  Somerville,  N.  J.,  organized  a 
church  there,  and  built  a  house  of  worship.  He 
was  pastor  at  Towanda,  Pa.,  where  he  was  or- 
dained, at  Lancaster,  supply  to  the  Fourth  church, 
Philadelphia,   and   pastor  at   Ilightstown,   N.   J., 


until  1852.  'He  went  to  California  as  home  mis- 
sionar\',  arriving  at  San  Francisco  -Jan.  11,  1853. 
He  organized  and  was  pastor  of  the  churches  at 
Stockton  three  years,  Oakland  and  Brooklyn  four 
years,  Ilealdsburg  seven  years,  and  has  been  pas- 
tor at  the  seat  of  the  college,  at  Vacaville,  two 
years,  where  he  was  president  of  the  College  board 
and  librarian  for  the  college :  has  labored  at  Red 
Bluff,  and  is  now  pastor  at  Grand  Island.  He 
is  a  strong  preacher,  a  good  moderator,  having 
presided  over  the  San  Francisco  and  otiier  Asso- 
ciations. He  has  done  much  mission  work  in  Cal- 
ifornia, organizing  many  churches  and  building 
houses  of  worship.  In  war  times  he  collected 
§12,000  in  aid  of  the  Sanitary  Commission.  For  a 
considerable  time  he  edited  the  Esmeralda  Daily 
Union,  and  served  as  superintendent  of  public 
schools.  He  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Cal- 
ifornia College  in  1878.  Nearly  1000  persons  have 
been  converted  under  his  ministry,  600  having  been 
baptized  by  himself.  Few  men  jn  California  have 
done  more  hard  work  or  been  more  successful  than 
Dr.  Saxton. 

Scammon,  Mrs.  Rachel  T.,  a  native  of  Reho- 
both,  Mass.,  married  a  Mr.  Scammon,  of  Stratham, 
N.  IL,  about  1720.  She  was  a  decided  Baptist, 
and  cared  nothing  for  the  opposition  of  the  Pedo- 
Ijaptists  among  whom  her  new  home  was  located. 
Backus  says,  "  The  country  around  her  was  so  full 
of  prejudices  against  Baptist  principles  that  in  forty 
years  she  could  gain  no  more  than  one  person  to 
join  with  her  therein,  and  that  was  a  pious  woman 
in  the  neighborhood  who  traveled  fifty-five  miles  to 
Boston,  and  was  baptized  by  Elder  Bound." 

Mrs.  Scammon  had  such  a  desire  to  have  others 
enlightened,  that  having  obtained  Norcott"s  "Plain 
Discourse  upon  Baptism,"  she  carried  it  to  Boston 
with  a  design  to  get  it  reprinted  at  her  own  cost, 
buf  when  she  came  to  a  printer  about  it  he  in- 
formed her  that  he  had  then  1 10  copies  of  that  book 
on  hand  ;  wb.ereupon  she  purchased  them  all,  and 
came  home  and  gave  them  away  to  her  acquaint- 
ances and  to  any  persons  who  would  accept  them  ; 
by  which  means  they  were  scattered  through  the 
country  and  among  poor  people  in  new  plantations. 
»She  often  said  to  her  pious  neighbors  that  "she 
was  fully  ]iersuaded  that  a  church  of  Christian 
Baptists  would  be  formed  in  Stratham,  though  she 
might  not  live  to  see  it.  This  came  to  pass  soon 
after  her  death,  and  the  like  happened  in  other 
places."  (History  of  the  Baptists,  by  Backus,  ii. 
ll')7-69.     Newton.) 

Chiefly  through  one  of  Mrs.  Scammon"s  copies 
of  Norcott's  work  Dr.  Samuel  Shepard  became 
a  Baptist  and  a  Baptist  minister,  and  Baptist 
churches  were  formed  in  Stratham,  Brentwood,  and 
Nottingham,  of  which  Dr.  Shepard  became  the 
pastor ;  and  he  founded  branch  churches  in  more 


SCANDINA  VIAN 


1033 


SCARFF 


than  a  dozen  places  in  the  region  around,  and  at 
one  time  had  more  than  a  thousand  church  mem- 
bers under  his  care.  "  Tlius,"  as  Backus  says, 
"Mrs.  Scaiumon's  l)read,  cast  upon  the  water, 
seems  to  have  heen  found  after  many  days,  the 
books  that  she  freely  dispensed  being  jiicked  up 
and  made  useful  to  many." 

Had  Mrs.  Scammon  been  a  weak  woman  she 
would  have  sacrificed  her  Baptist  principles  and 
joined  some  Pedobaptist  community.  She  no 
doubt  regularly  attended  a  Congregational  church  : 
this  was  her  manifest  duty  ;  but  she  always  pro- 
tested against  their  infant  baptism  in  modest  Chris- 
tian words,  and  by  refusing  to  unite  with  them. 
And  though  her  arguments  seemed  to  bear  little 
fruit,  the  book  she  circulated  was  greatly  blessed 
of  God.  The  Baptist  church  of  Allentown,  Pa., 
was  founded  by  a  lady  a  member  of  the  Second  Bap- 
tist church  of  Pliiia(lol])hia,  who  for  a  time  wor- 
shiped with  the  excellent  Presbyterians  of  that 
town.  And  as  she  felt  that  she  could  not  and 
ought  not  to  sacrifice  her  Baptist  principles — her 
Saviour's  teachings — for  anything  under  heaven, 
she  enlisted  aid  and  commenced  a  Sunday-school, 
out  of  which  grew  a  flourishing  church,  from  which 
two  little  churches  sprang  and  set  up  their  banner 
in  Bethlehem  and  Catasauqua.  Many  Baptist 
women  have  honored  the  Saviour  in  tiiis  way. 

Scandinavian  Baptists  in  the  United  States. 

— In  1852  nine  Swedish  Baptists  arrived  in  Amer- 
ica. The  first  Swedish  Baptist  church  in  this 
country  was  formed  in  Hock  Island,  111.,  Aug.  13, 
1852;  it  had  only  three  members.  In  1855  Swe- 
dish churches  were  organized  at  Houston  and 
Scandia,  Minn.  In  1856  the  first  Danish  Baptist 
church  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic  was  established 
at  Raymond,  llacine  Co.,  Wis.  In  1857  a  Swedish 
church  was  gathered  atGalesburg,  111.  In  Chicago 
the  first  Swedish  church  was  founded  Aug.  19, 
186G-,  it  began  with  36  members,  and  it  now  num- 
bers nearly  3U0.  A  little  before  1866  the  first 
Danish  church  was  constituted  in  the  same  city. 
Small  churches  have  gradually  sprung  up  in  all 
the  States  in  which  a  Scandinavian  population 
exists. 

In  Minnesota  a  vigorous  State  Conference  was 
early  formed,  one  in  Illinois  followed,  then  one 
each  in  Eastern  Iowa,  in  Nebraska,  in  AVestern 
Iowa,  and  in  Dakota,  and  preliminary  steps  have 
been  taken  for  a  similar  organization  in  Kansas. 
Two  years  since  a  General  Convention  of  all  the 
Swedish  Baptists  in  America  was  established.  The 
Danish  and  Norwegian  Baptists  have  a  similar  in- 
stitution. 

In  1871,  Rev.  Dr.  J.  A.  Edgren  commenced  the 

publication  of  a  monthly  Swedish  Baptist  paper. 

About  the  same  time  Dr.  Edgren  began  a  course  of 

instruction  for  Scandinavian  ministers,  in  connec- 

66 


tion  with  the  Baptist  Theological  Seminary  of  Chi- 
cago, as  its  Scandinavian  department.  From  this 
school  twenty-nine  ministers  have  gone  forth,  rep- 
resenting Sweden,  Norway,  and  Denmark.  These 
brethren  have  been  faitiiiul  laborers,  and  some  of 
them  have  been  very  successful  in  winning  souls 
to  Jesus. 

Religious  tracts,  pamphlets,  and  books,  written 
by  Dr.  Edgren,  have  been  published  in  the  Swedish 
language.  A  Danish  graduate  of  the  department, 
N.  P.  Jensen,  has  done  excellent  service  to  the 
cause  among  the  Danes  as  a  translator,  ])ublisher, 
editor,  and  pastor.  The  Danish  monthly  is  edited 
by  Rev.  P.  II.  Dam,  and  the  Swedish  by  Rev.  E. 
Wingren. 

There  are  now  80  Scandinavian  churches  in  the 
United  States,  with  50()()  members.  These  churches 
are  located  as  follows  :  in  New  York  City.  1  ;  in 
Boston,  I  ;  in  Illinois.  6 ;  in  Michigan,  6  ;  in  Wiscon- 
sin, 10;  in  Minnesota,  38;  in  Iowa,  4;  in  Dakota, 
5 ;  in  Nebraska,  7  ;  in  Kansas,  4;  and  in  Missouri,  1. 
Of  the  5000,  3500  are  Swedes  ;  of  the  remainder, 
the  Norwegians  are  but  a  small  minority. 

The  Scandinavian  emigration  is  large,  and  new 
fields  for  nnssion  work  among  them  are  rapidly 
increasing;  the  demand  for  laborers  is  greater 
than  can  be  supplied.  Dr.  Edgren  is  the  distin- 
guished leader  of  these  pious  and  thriving  commu- 
nities. Other  brethren  of  talent  and  consecrated 
lives  are  working  nobly  for  the  Master,  and  the 
approval  of  Jesus  rests  conspicuously  upon  these 
godly  ministers  and  the  communities  of  which  they 
are  the  chosen  leaders. 

Scarboro,  Hon.  J.  C,  was  born  in  Wake  Co., 
N.  C,  in  September,  1842;  served  as  a  soldier 
through  the  war;  graduated  at  AVake  Forest  Col- 
lege in  1869  ;  has  taught  school  for  several  years, 
and  is  now  the  superintendent  of  public  instruc- 
tion, having  been  elected  to  that  office  in  1876. 

Scarff,  E.  H.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Virginia  in 
1821.  In  1841  he  entered  the  preparatory  depart- 
ment of  Granville  College,  0.,  and  graduated  in 
1847.  After  teaching  a  year  in  Jefferson.  0.,  he 
entered  the  theological  department  of  Madison 
University,  N.  Y.,  and  graduated  in  1850.  He 
was  ordained  at  New  Carlisle,  0.,  July  18,  1850. 
For  two  years  he  had  charge  of  Judson  College, 
West  Jefferson,  0.  lie  was  pastor  at  Gallipolis, 
and  afterwards  at  Delphi,  Ind.  In  18.54  he  came 
to  Iowa,  and  took  charge  of  the  academic  dc 
partment  of  the  Central  University  at  Pella.  The 
university  was  just  starting  into  life,  and  he  was 
its  first  teacher,  and  continued  his  labors  as  teacher 
for  over  twenty  years,  much  of  this  time  serving  as 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  that  town. 
He  still  resides  in  Pella,  disabled  in  Ijody.  but 
strong  in  mind,  patient  and  cheerful  in  suffering 
Gods  will,  and  awaiting  his  pleasure. 


SCHAEFFER 


1034 


SCHOFIELl) 


Schaeffer,  Prof.  Hennann  Moritz,  was  born 

Aug.  22,  1839,  in  Lage,  Lippe-Detmold,  Germany. 
He  graduated  at  the  rectoral  school  (academy)  in 
his  native  place.  In  his  fifteenth  year  he  enxi- 
grated  to  this  country.  Iii  Boston,  where  he  first 
fixed  his  abode,  he  pursued  studies  in  the  English 
.language  at  evening  schools,  while  following  a 
mercantile  career.  In  the  year  1857  he  was  con- 
verted and  bapti^sed  by  Rev.  Wm.  Howe,  joining 
the  Union  Baptist  church  at  that  place.  In  1858 
he  removed  to  New  York,  where  he  joined  the 
Second  German  Baptist  church.  Feeling  prompted 
to  devote  his  life  to  tlie  work  of  the  ministry  he 
went  to  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  in  1860,  and  pursued 
studies  at  the  University  of  Rochester,  and  in  the 
German  and  English  departments  of  Rochester 
Theological  Seminary.  After  preaching  for  the 
German  churches  in  Holland,  N.  Y.,  and  New 
Haven,  Conn.,  he  settled  as  pastor  of  the  First  Ger- 
man Baptist  church  in  New  York  *City.  During 
his  efficient  pastorate  the  church  erected  its  present 
excellent  house  of  worship.  After  six  years  of  pas- 
toral labor  in  New  York,  Mr.  Schaeffer  was  called 
to  the  chair  of  Biblical  literature  in  the  German 
department  of  Rochester  Theological  Seminary  in 
the  year  1872.  While  engaged  in  teaching.  Prof. 
Schaeffer  succeeded  in  procuring  the  present  Ger- 
man Students'  Home-at  the  cost  of  $20,000.  By 
his  energy  the  larger  proportion  of  that  sum  has 
already  been  obtained,  and  the  building  bids  fair 
to  be  free  from  debt  very  soon.  Mr.  Schaeffer  has 
also  been  very  active  in  establishing  a  German- 
American  Academy.  Perfect  in  health  and  un- 
tiring in  labor.  Prof.  Schaeffer  has  been  very  use- 
ful in  the  German  work  in  this  country,  and  his 
old  days  are  yet  before  him. 

Schism  Bill,  The. — See  Corporation  and  Test 
Acts. 

Schofield,  Rev.  Japies,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Penn 
Yan,  Yates  Co.,  N.  Y.,  -June  7,.  1801.  He  removed 
to  Chautauqua  County  when  eighteen  years  of  age  ; 
made  a  profession  of  religion  "in  1826  ;  was  ordained 
to  the  ministry  in  1835  ;  was  pastor  in  Sinclairs- 
ville  until  1842.  He  married  into  the  family  of 
John  McAllister, — Miss  Almira  for  his  first,  and 
Miss  Caroline  for  his  second  wife.  Of  these  mar- 
riages six  children  are  now  living, — Lieut.  C.  Scho- 
field,  Col.  G.  W.  Schofield,  and  Maj.-Gen.  J.  W. 
Schofield,  all  of  the  U.  S.  army,  and  two  of  them 
graduates  of  AVest  Point,  also  Rev.  J.  V.  Schofield, 
D.D.,  of  St.  Louis,  and  two  daughters.  The  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  removed  to  Illinois  in  1843; 
labored  for  many  years  in  the  cause  of  the  Home 
Mission  Society;  built  houses  of  worship  in  Free- 
port,  Galena,  and  Rossville,  111.  He  removed  to 
Missouri  in  1S67.  In  Southwest  Missouri  thirteen 
houses  of  worship  have  been  built  through  his  in- 
strumentality, one  of  which  is  in  Dallas  County, 


his  home,  called  Scliofield  chapel.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  board  of  the  Baptist  college  at  Bolivia,  Mo. 
He  is  now  in  his  eightieth  3'ear.  awaiting  his  ap- 
fiointed  time  till  the  change  comes. 

Schofield,  J.  v.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Chautauqua 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  4,  1825.    He  was  converted  in  1843, 


J.  v.  SCHOFIELD,  D.D. 

and  baptized  by  Rev.  Orin  Dodge  in  Lake  Chau- 
tauqua. In  1844  he  removed  to  Chicago,  and  by 
invitation  spent  two  years  in  the  family  of  Dr. 
L.  D.  Boone,  and  commenced  studying  for  the  min- 
istry. In  1847  he  entered  Madison  University,  and 
in  1850  Rochester  University,  where  he  graduated 
in  1852,  and  also  from  the  Theological  Seminary  in 
1854.  Dr.  Schofield  was  ordained  in  Louisville, 
Ky.,  in  1854,  and  was  the  first  pastor  of  the  new 
Chestnut  Street  Baptist  church  of  that  city.  In  the 
four  years  of  his  pastorate  181  joined  the  church. 
In  1858  he  became  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Quincy,  111.  In  his  four  years"  pastorate 
here  150  united  with  the  church.  In  1862  he  ac- 
cepted the  pastorate  of  the  Third  Baptist  church, 
S*.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  for  seven  and  a  half  years  was 
the  efficient  and  beloved  minister  of  this  church. 
It  was  a  critical  period.  Civil  strife  divided  fami- 
lies and  former  friends,  yet  under  his  wise  admin- 
istration the  church  prospered.  The  present  edi- 
fice was  built  at  a  cost  of  S50,000.  Dr.  Schofield 
inaugurated  the  movement,  and  raised  nearly  all 
the  money.  The  house  was  dedicated  May  12, 
1866.  During  his  pastorate  the  whole  amount  was 
nearly  paid  and  the  balance  provided  for,  and  the 
church  took  rank  with  the  first  churches  in  the 


SCHULTE 


1035 


SCOTT 


city.  In  ISG'J  ho  took  the  pastorate  of  tlie  Baptist 
oliurch  of  Des  Moines,  Iowa.  In  one  year  their 
house  of  worsiiip  was  completed  and  a  debt  of 
.?5000  provided  for,  then  a  revival  followed  for 
three  months,  in  which  eighty  were  baptized,  forty 
of  whom  were  heads  of  families. 

In  1S71  he  became  jiastor  at  New  Britain,  Conn. 
In  four  and  a  half  years  there  were  305  additions, 
225  by  baptism,  150  of  whom  were  immersed 
during  the  last  si.K  months. 

In  1JS76  be  removed  aj^aiii  to  St.  Louis,  and  Novem- 
ber G  became  pastor  of  the  Fourth  Baptist  church, 
his  present  field.  By  his  persistent  labors  much 
has  been  done.  The  edifice  has  l)een  thoroughly 
repaired,  debts  paid,  and  the  church  improved, 
financially,  socially,  and  spiritually.  In  May,  1880, 
La  Grange  College  conferred  on  him  the  honorary 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity,  and  June  24  of  the 
same  year  Chicago  University  conferred  ujion  him 
the  same  degree.  Dr.  Sehofield  is  a  clear  thinker 
and  an  able  preaclier,  he  is  an  earnest  and.  effi- 
cient pastor,  has  baptized  over  600  persons,  and  he 
has  held  many  successful  meetings  with  neighbor- 
ing pastors.  His  works  commend  him,  and  his  re- 
ward is  sure. 

Schulte,  Rev.  G.  A.,  was  born  in  Neustadtgo- 
dens.  East  Frisia,  Germany,  Nov.  30,  1838.  Ilis 
parents  were  pious  Lutherans,  who  instructed  him 
ill  the  way  of  salvation  from  his  earliest  youth.  In 
the  year  1850  he  came  to  this  country  with  his 
parents,  who  settled  near  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  When 
twenty  years  of  age  he  was  converted,  and  being 
baptized  in  April,  1858,  he  was  received  into  the 
fellowship  of  the  First  German  Baptist  church  in 
Buffalo.  Feeling  the  call  of  God  within,  he  entered 
the  German  department  of  Rochester  Theological 
Seminary  in  1860.  After  pursuing  theological 
studies  for  three  years,  he  yielded  to  an  urgent  call 
from  the  Second  German  Baptist  church,  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.  He  was  ordained  in  October,  1863.  After 
.serving  this  church  acceptably  as  pastor  for  eight 
years,  Mr.  Schulte,  by  the  choice  of  his  brethren, 
was  made  general  missionary  and  evangelist  of  the 
Eastern  German  Baptist  Conference.  After  filling 
this  responsible  position  faithfully  for  two  years 
he  returned  to  the  pastorate,  accepting  a  call  from 
tlie  First  German  church.  New  York  City.  Since 
then  he  has  been  it.s  efficient  and  loved  pastor.  Mr. 
Schulte  enjoys  the  esteem  and  affection  of  his  Ger- 
iiKUi  bretiiren  throughout  the  land.  He  is  closely 
identified  with  all  the  interests  of  the  German 
work,  being  the  active  secretary  of  the  Missionary 
Committee  of  the  Eastern  German  Baptist  Confer- 
ence. Ilis  presentations  of  the  gospel  are  clear, 
forcible,  and  instructive,  his  tact  is  admirable,  and 
his  services  in  the  general  work  make  him  one  of 
the  most  valuable  men  in  the  German  ministi'y. 
Scotch  Baptists. — See  E.nglisii  B.\ptists. 


Scott,  Rev.  Jacob  Richardson,  was  bom  in 
Boston,  March  1,  IS  15.  His  preparatory  studies 
for  college  were  pursued  at  South  Reading,  now 
Wakefield,  Mass.  He  entered  Brown  University 
in  1832.  After  his  gra<luation  in  1836,  he  spent 
two  years  in  teaching,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he 
became  a  student  at  the  Newton  Theological  Insti- 
tution. He  graduated  at  Newton  in  1842,  and  was 
immediately  ordained  and  became  the  pastor  of  the 
Market  Street  Baptist  church  in  Petersburg,  Va. 
i  For  several  years  he  was  the  minister  of  this 
:  church,  and  then  became  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Hampton,  Va.  Such  was  his  reputation 
as  a  preacher  that  he  was  chosen  chaplain  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Virginia,  and  had  the  honor  of  having  a 
re-election  to  the  office  at  the  close  of  his  one  year's 
service,  being  the  first  clergyman  who  for  a  second 
year  was  invited  to  fill  the  important  position.  At 
the  end  of  this  second  engagement,  ho  found  his 
health  so  shattered  that  he  concluded  to  return 
North.  He  had  the  charge  of  churches  in  Portland, 
Me.,  Fall  River,  Mass.,  Rochester  and  Yonkers, 
N.  Y.  During  all  this  period  his  health  was  pre- 
carious, and  he  concluded  that  it  was  his  duty 
to  give  up  the  ministry.  Accordingly  he  resigned 
ilis  office  as  pastor  of  the  church  in  Yonkers  and 
removed  to  Maiden,  Mass.,  where,  having  received 
an  appointment  as  superintendent  of  schools,  he 
performed  his  duties  in  that  capacity  until  the 
time  of  his  death,  which  took  place  Dec.  10,  1861. 
''In  every  part  of  his  career,"  says  Prof.  (Jammell, 
"he  won  the  confidence  and  respect  of  ail  with 
whom  he  was  connected,  and  proved  himself  a 
faithful  and  useful  minister  of  the  gospel.  His 
only  (uiblications  are  a  few  hymns  and  several 
articles  in  the  magazines  of  the  day.'" 

Scott,  Rev.  Kemp,  was  born  in  Washington  Co., 
Va.,  June,  17'Jl.  Ills  father  died  when  he  was  a 
child.  He  came  to  Kentucky  when  nineteen  years 
of  age,  and  lived  in  Barren  County.  In  1820  he 
confessed  Christ,  and  was  soon  after  ordained.  In 
1824  he  came  to  Missouri,  and  lived  in  Cooper 
County.  Then  there  were  30  ministers  in  the 
State  and  2000  members.  He  preached  east  and 
west  from  St.  Louis  to  Leavenworth.  He  was 
pastor  of  Mount  Pleasant  church  nineteen  yeai's. 
He  aided  in  constituting  fifteen  churches,  and  bap- 
tized about  1500  jiersons. 

In  1864  he  removed  to  Carroll  County,  and  was 
pastor  of  Bethel  church.  When  the  war  Ijroke  out 
he  arranged  to  have  a  meeting  at  his  own  house, 
and  he  preached.  All  his  children  had  professed 
faith  in  Christ,  and  one  was  a  successful  minister. 
At  this  meeting  a  grandson  was  converted,  and  the 
aged  grandfather  went  trembling  into  the  stream 
and  baptized  him.  Tliis  was  the  last  act  of  his 
life.    April  12,  1S64,  he  died. 

"  Soldier  of  Christ,  well  done  I" 


SCOTT 


1036 


SCRUGGS 


Scott,  Rev.  Winfield,  was  bom  in  West  Novi, 
Midi.,  Feb.  26,  1837  ;  son  of  Jas.  B.  and  Margaret 
E.  Scott;  converted  and  baptized  at  Farmer,  N.  Y., 
in  February,  1853  ;  graduated  at  Rochester  Uni- 
versity, N.  Y.,  in  1859,  and  from  Rochester  Theo- 
logical Seminary  in  1861  ;  ordained  as  pastor  of 
Second  church,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  in  December, 
1861;  raised  a  company  and  was  commissioned 
captain  in  U.  S.  Volunteers  in  1862,  and  was  in 
active  service  in  Second  Army  Corps  of  the  Poto- 
mac until  wounded  and  discharged,  in  October,  1864. 
In  1865  he  became  pastor  at  Leavenworth,  Kansas, 
building  there  a  house  of  worship  costing  §65,000. 
The  church  grew  under  his  six  years'  pastorate 
from  19  to  250  members.  lie  organized  three  other 
churches  near  Leavenworth,  built  three  meeting- 
houses, and  baptized  500  converts.  From  January, 
1872,  to  Septemljer,  1875,  he  was  pastor  at  Denver, 
Col.,  and  built  a  meeting-house  and  parsonage  cost- 
ing $20,000  ;  the  church  increased  fi'om  40  to  nearl}' 
300  members.  In  1875  he  removed  to  California, 
and  edited  the  Evangel  froin  Fel)ruary  to  October, 
1876,  when  he  resigned  this  work  and  became  pas- 
tor at  Los  Angelos  one  year,  during  which  50  were 
added  to  the  churcli.  In  1878  he  was  for  a  time 
associate  pastor  of  the  Metropolitan  church,  San 
Francisco.  lie  afterwards  supplied  the  Petaluma 
and  the  Central  Oakjand  churches,  and  in  Febru- 
ary, 1880,  became  pastor  at  San  Jos^,  where  in 
four  months  60  new  members  were  added  to  the 
church,  of  whom  48  were  baptized.  lie  is  an  earn- 
est worker,  a  faithful  preacher,  and  ready  writer, 
fully  devoted  to  the  cause  of  Christ. 

Screven,  Charles  0.,  D.D.,  son  of  Gen.  James 
Screven,  who  was  killed  in  the  Revolutionary 
war,  was  born  in  1774,  and  was  baptized  at  twelve 
by  Dr.  Furman,  at  Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was 
licensed  by  the  Charleston  church  in  1801,  and 
began  to  preach  at  Sunbury,  his  large  patrimony 
lying  in  Bryan  Co.,  Gia.  He  was  ordained  by  Dr. 
Furman,  Mr.  Botsford,  and  Mr.  Clay,  of  Savannah, 
in  1804,  and  from  that  time^  until  disabled  by  dis- 
ease, in  1829,  he  labored  faithfully  and  most  ably 
as  tlie  pastor  of  Sunbury  church.  Compelled  to 
resign,  on  account  of  cancer  in  the  eye.  May  16, 
1829,  he  expired  July  2,  1831,  at  the  age  of  fifty- 
seven.  He  did  a  vast  amount  of  good  during  his 
ministerial  life,  .and  his  name  is  still  held  very 
precious  in  the  region  where  he  lived. 

Screven,  Rev.  Wm.,  was  the  founder  and  first 
pastor  of  the  Charleston,  S.  C,  church.  "  lie  was 
a  native  of  England,  where  he  was  born  about  the 
year  1629.  AVhen  he  settled  at  Piscataway,  N.  II., 
cannot  be  ascertained.  The  sufferings  whicii  he 
and  his  brethren  endured  in  that  place  drove  them 
to  seek  an  asylum  in  the  more  tranquil  regions  of 
the  South.  After  his  removal  to  South  Carolina, 
the   Baptist  church  in  Boston  sent  for  him  to  be 


their  pastor.  His  answer,  dated  June,  1707.  con- 
tains this  passage.  '  Our  minister,  who  came  from 
England,  is  dead,  and  I  can  by  no  means  be  spared. 
It  is  a  great  loss,  but  the  will  of  the  Lord  is  done.' 
Aug.  6,  1708,  he  wrote  to  them  as  follows,  'Our 
society  are  for  the  most  part  in  health,  and  I  hope 
thriving  in  grace.'  He  wrote  'An  Ornament  for 
Church  Members.'  which  was  printed  after  his 
death.  In  the  latter  part  of  his  life  Mr.  Screven 
reanoved  to  Georgetown,  about  sixty  miles  to  the 
north  of  Charleston,  where  he  died  in  peace  in* 
1713,  having  arrived  at  the  good  old  age  of  eighty- 
four  years.  He  is  said  to  have  been  the  original 
proprietor  of  the  land  on  which  Georgetown  is 
built.''  Some  of  his  descendants  still  live  in  the 
lower  part  of  the  State. 

Scrivenor,  Rev.  Thomas,  a  noted  and  emi- 
nently useful  preacher  of  Southern  Kentucky,  was 
born  in  Rowan  Co.,  X.  C,  Feb.  25,  1775.  He  re- 
moved to  Kentucky  in  1796,  and-  the  same  year 
united  with  Tate's  Creek  Baptist  church,  in  Madi- 
son County.  After  residing  in  a  number  of  locali- 
ties he  settled  in  Barren  County,  where  he  was 
licensed  to  preach  in  1827,  and  in  1829  was  or- 
dained to  the  ministry  in  the  fifty-fifth  year  of  his 
age.  AVithin  less  than  a  year  after  his  ordination 
he  founded  three  churches,  all  of  which  he  served 
until  advanced  years  unfitted  him  for  pastoral 
work.  He  was  also  pastor  of  Dover  church,  near 
his  home.  Besides  ministering  to  four  churches, 
he  preached  among  the  destitute  and  the  feeble 
churches  in  his  own  and  the  adjoining  counties 
with  great  success.  Although  he  began  his  work 
late  in  life,  he  is  supposed  to  have  baptized  over 
2500  people.  He  was  moderator  of  Barren  River 
Association  fifteen  years.  He  resigned  iiis  pastoral 
charges  in  1858,  and  died  in  great  peace  July  16, 
1864. 

'  Scruggs,  Rev.  John,  was  a  citizen  of  ^lonroe 
Co.,  Tenn.,  and  for  many  years  pastor  of  Madison- 
ville  and  Mount  Harmony  churches,  and  others. 
He  was  a  good  pastor  and  a  man  of  education. 
He  was  a  close  Bible  student  and  a  fine  reasoner. 
He  had  many  able  and  learned  discussions  with 
Methodists  and  Presliyterians.  He  was  regarded 
by  the  Baptists  as  their  standard-bearer.  He  has 
been  dead  about  ten  years. 

,  Scruggs,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Scott  Co.,  Ky. 
Mr.  Scruggs  studied  at  Georgetown  and  Betliel 
Colleges,  Ky.,  and  at  William  Jewell.  Mo.  lie 
came  in  1855  to  ^Missouri  with  his  father,  and  set- 
tled in  Clay  County.  He  entered  the  Soutliern 
army  for  a  year.  He  came  to  St.  Louis  in  1871. 
lie  professed  religion  in  1873,  and  was  baptized 
by  Rev.  D.  T.  iSIorrell  into  the  fellowship  of  the 
Fourth  Baptist  churcli  of  St.  Louis.  He  has  ren- 
dered valuable  services  to  this  church  tiirough  his 
wise  counsels  and  generous  gifts.     His  integrity 


J 


SEA  GRA  VE 


1037 


SEARS 


and  business  capacity  give  liiin  high  standing  in 
circles  of  trade  ;  his  devotion  and  benevolence  give 
him  influence  as  a  Christian. 

Seagrave,  Rev.  Edward,  was  liorn  in  Chester, 

Yt.,  'July  IT),  IT'.ty.  lit;  was  a  graduate  of  Brown 
University  of  the  class  of  1822,  and  studied  the- 
ology under  Jlev.  Calvin  Park,  D.D.,  a  professor  in 
the  university,  and  was  ordained  at  Scituate,  Mass., 
March  30,  1830.  He  served  two  or  three  other 
churches,  and  for  several  years  performed  mission- 
ary labors  in  Kansas.  The  last  si.xteen  years  of 
his  life  were  passed  in  Pawtucket,  \\.  I.  As  a 
member  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  that  place 
he  greatly  endeared  himself  to  his  brt'thren  by  his 
unaffected  Christian  humility  and  his  readiness  to 
])erform  such  service  as  he  could  render  to  the 
cause  of  Christ.  lie  lived  to  a  good  old  age,  and 
departed  with  the  respect  and  love  of  all  who 
knew  him.  Ilis  death  occurred  in  Pawtucket, 
Aug.  18,  1877. 

Searcy,  Rev.  James  B.,  a  prominent  minister 
in  Arkansas,  was   born  in  Alabama  in   1838  ;  in 


^^m^ 


REV.  .lAMES    n.  SEARCV. 

18.57  removed  to  Bradley  Co.,  Ark.  :  was  ordained 
in  1800;  and  was  chaplain  of  the  26th  Ark.  llegi- 
iiient  in  the  Confederate  army.  In  1872-73  he 
traveled  over  the  State  as  superintendent  of  mis- 
sions and  ministerial  education  ;  has  filled  the  im- 
portant pastorates  of  Warren  and  Monticollo,  but 
liis- labors  have  been  mostly  confined  to  country 
cliurciies ;  wrote  for  Arkansas  Baptist,  and  at- 
tracted attention  as  a  vigoi-ous  writer  and  clear 
reasoner ;  wrote  one  year  for  Central  Baptist,  St. 


Louis,  Mo. ;  a  regular  contributor  to  The  Baptist, 
Memphis,  Tenn.,  for  ten  years ;  corresponding 
editor  of  Western  Baptist;  at  present  Arkansas 
editor  of  The  (Memphis)  Baptist.  lie  is  a  very 
able  minister  and  a  devoted  Ciiristian. 

Searle,  Rev.  David,  <>r  I'uritan  stock,  was  liom 

in  ^'t'rI^()llt  in  l"'.'"^.  lie  removed  to  Western  New 
York,  and  married  Emily,  daughter  of  Hon.  Jas. 
McCall.  His  family  were  Pedobaptists,  but  when 
converted  he  united  with  a  Baptist  church  in  Hush- 
ford  in  182').  In  1S30  he  was  licensed;  he  studied 
at  Ilamilto!!  Literary  and  Theological  Institu- 
tion; was  ordained  in  Rushford  in  1831.  He 
preached  in  Morrisville  and  vicinity.  Studied  and 
supported  himself,  .so  that,  though  a  husband  and 
father,  he  was  never  a  beneficiary.  He  graduated 
in  1833,  and  dedicated  himself  to  the  home  mission 
work  in  Western  New  York  ;  was  pastor  in  Spring- 
ville  and  Boston;  was  Sunday-school  agent,  then 
jiastor  again  in  Springville,  Portage,  Franklin- 
ville,  and  Arcade.  Afterwards  he  was  for  many 
years  agent  for  the  Home  Mission  Society,  his  field 
being  AYestern  New  York  and  Eastern  Ohio,  West- 
ern Pennsylvania,  Northwest  Yirginia,  and  Canada 
AVest.  In  his  declining  years  he  went  to  Missouri. 
He  died  suddenly  in  1801,  aged  sixty-three. 

Judge  Rowden,  of  Maries  Co.,  Mo.,  writes  :  "  He 
was  a  man  of  extensive  information.  His  argu- 
ments were  logical,  and  always  explanatory.  He 
was  a  devoted  Christian,  and  said  on  his  death-bed 
ho  had  long  been  ready  whenever  it  .should  be  the 
will  of  God  to  call  him  home." 

Sears,  A.  D.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Fairfax  Co., 
Va.,  Jan.  1,  1804.  In  1828  he  married  Annie  B. 
Bowie,  who  is  still  alive.  Two  years  ago  they 
celebrated  their  golden  wedding  in  Clarksville, 
Tenn.,  where  they  have  long  resided.  The  occa- 
sion was  one  of  festive  joy,  the  venerable  pair  re- 
ceiving many  attentions  and  valuable  presents. 
Tliey  are  both  in  good  health,  and  he  ministers 
regularly  to  the  Baptist  church  in  Clarksville, 
where  he  has  been  eminently  useful  in  building 
up  the  cause  of  Christ.  He  has  a  large  active 
membership,  who  greatly  admire  him,  and  give 
him  a  bountiful  support.  He  has  been  the  pastor 
of  but  three  churches, — one  at  Louisville,  IIop- 
kinsville,  and  Clarksville.  He  has  been  very  suc- 
cessful both  as  an  evangelist  and  pastor,  having 
baptized  about  2(H)0  persons.  He  took  charge  of 
the  church  in  Clarksville,  in  January,  ISOG.  It 
then  numbered  25  members.  It  now  numbers  225, 
or  more.  They  have  built  a  handsome  church  edi- 
fice at  a  cost  of  S2o,0()0. 

The  doctor,  though  seventy-six  years  old,  walks 
erect,  and  is  full  of  vigor  and  elasticity,  promising 
many  more  years  of  useful  service  in  the  .blaster's 
vineyard. 

Sears,  Barnas,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in  San- 


SEARS 


1038 


•    SECRETARY 


disfield,  Mas8.,  Nov.  19,  1802.  After  a  thorough 
preparation  in  the  best  schools  in  the  vicinity  he 
entered  Brown  University,  and  graduated  with 
the  highest  honors  of  the  cUss  in  1825.     He  en- 


K... 


BARNAS    SEARS,  D.D.,   LL.D. 

tered  upon  and  completed  his  theological  course  at 
the  Newton  Theological  Institution,  Mass.  After 
leaving  the  seminary  he  became  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  in  which  rela- 
tion he  remained  two  years.  In  1829  he  accepted 
a  professorship  in  the  Hamilton  Literary  and  Tlie- 
ological  Institution  (Madison  University),  where  he 
remained  until  1833,  when  he  went  to  Germany 
for  the  purpose  of  prosecuting  his  studies.  AVhile 
there  he  baptized  tlie  Rev.  Mr.  Oncken,  Avhose 
zealous  and  self-denying  labors  have  been  so  abun- 
dantly blessed  in  the  spread^of  a  pure  Christianity, 
and  in  the  gathering  together  of  so  large  a  Baptist 
membership.  On  his  return,  his  ripe  and  thorough 
scholarship  led  to  his  choice  as  a  professor  in  the 
Newton  Theological  Seminarj^,  of  which  he  was 
also  for  several  years  president'.  In  1848  he  was 
chosen  secretary  and  executive  agent  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts board  of  education,  in  which  position  his 
wide  and  varied  experience  of  methods  of  education 
in  Europe  made  him  especially  useful.  In  August 
of  1855  he  was  elected  president  of  Brown  Uni- 
versity, in  which  position  he  gave  new  life  and 
vigor  to  the  institution,  and  elevated  its  standard 
of  scholarship.  In  ]8()7  ho  l)ecanie  the  general 
agent  of  the  Peabody  education  fund,  which  re- 
sponsible position  he  held  until  his  death  in  18S0. 
Dr.  Sears  resided  for  a  number  of  years  at  Staunton, 


Va.,  greatly  beloved  b}'  all  who  knew  him.  In 
1841  Harvard  College  conferred  upon  him  the 
degree  of  D.D.,  and  Yale,  in  1862,  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  Dr.  Sears  published,  in  1844,  "  Ciceroniana, 
or  the  Prussian  Mode  of  Instruction  in  Latin  ;"  in 
1846,  "  Select  Treatises  of  Martin  Luther  in  the 
Original  German,"  with  valuable  philological 
notes ;  in  1850,  '•  Life  ef  Luther,'"  with  special 
reference  to  its  earlier  periods  and  the  opening 
scenes  of  the  Reformation  ;  and  in  1854  a  revised 
edition  of  Roget's  "Thesaurus."  He  also  edited* 
for  several  years  T7ie.  Christian  Review,  in  which 
may  be  found. some  very  valuable  papers  written 
by  himself  In  the  large  yearly  assemblies  of  the 
denomination  Dr.  Sears  rightfully  held  a  conspicu- 
ous place  in  view  of  his  wide  experience  and  his  at- 
tachment to  the  tenets  of  our  churches. 

Sebree,  Capt.  Uriel,  a  native  of  Orange  Co.. 
Va.,  was  born  July  15,  1774 ;  left  an  orphan  at 
the  age  of  ten  years.  Soon  after  the  death  of  his 
father  he  went  to  live  with  his  uncle.  Cave  John- 
son, in  Boone  Co.,  Ky.  He  commanded  a  com- 
pany in  the  war  of  1812.  He  was  in  the  disastrous 
battle  of  River  Raisin,  where  he  was  made  a  pris- 
oner. He  returned  to  Kentuckj-  and  served  several 
sessions  in  both  branches  of  the  Legislature.  In 
1819,  Capt.  Sebree  was  sent  on  an  expedition  to 
Council  Bluffs  with  government  stores,  which  duty 
he  performed  with,,  great  satisfaction.  He  was  ap- 
pointed to  similar  service  in  1820.  He  was  a  man 
of  great  skill  and  perseverance.  He  was  for  years 
receiver  of  public  moneys  in  the  land-office  at  Fay- 
ette, Mo.,  and  in  all  these  stations  he  had  the  rep- 
utation of  an  upright  and  efficient  man. 

As  a  Christian  he  was  marked  for  consistency 
and  usefulness.  He  became  a  member  of  the  Bap- 
tist Church  in  early  life,  and  for  more  than  forty 
years  took  an  active  part  in  all  the  interests  of  the 
denomination.  He  co-operated  in  the  organization 
of  the  General  Association,  frequently  was  its  mod- 
erator. His  house  was  a  home  for  his  brethren. 
He  died  May  18,  1853. 

Secretary,  Christian,  the  Baptist  weekly  pub- 
lished at  Hartford,  Conn.,  was  first  issued  Feb. 
2,  1822,  for  the  Connecticut  Baptist  Missionary 
Society;  in  1824  it  was  transferred  to  the  Con- 
necticut Baptist  State  Convention,  then  organized  ; 
iji  1829  it  was  given  to  the  Christian  Secretary 
Association,  which  conducted  it  till  July,  1837, 
Deacon  Philemon  Canficld,  publisher;  the  first 
editor  was  Rev.  Elisha  Cushman,  Sr.,  two  years; 
then  Rev.  Gurdon  Robins,  five  years  ;  then  Deacon 
Canfield,  the  acting  editor.  In  July,  1837,  it  was 
united. with  the  Gospel  Witness,  a  paper  of  New 
York,  wliicli  movement  gave  dissatisfaction :  in 
March,  IS.iS.  on  the  return  of  Rev.  E.  Cushm.an, 
Sr.,  to  Hartford,  it  was  resuscitated,  he  becoming 
editor  and  pioprietor,  and  on  his  death,  Oct.  26, 


SEDGWICK 


1039 


SEGER 


1838,  his  son,  E.  Cushman,  Jr.,  continued  it  till 
July,  1840.  Norniaml  IJurr,  in  cmnpany  with 
Waltnr  S.  Williams,  and  later  with  Almond  A. 
Smitli,  edited  and  published  it  till  1850,  when  Mr. 
Burr  became  sole  proprietor,  and  so  remained  till 
his  death,  Dec.  5,  1861.  Rev.  E.  Cushman,  Jr., 
who  in  July,  1861,  became  associate  editor,  on  Mr. 
Burr's  death  became  editor  and  propri(;tor,  and 
continued  such  till  his  death,  Jan.  4,  1876,  when 
S.  D.  Phelps,  D.D.,  succeeded  him  in  ownership  and 
editorship,  who  still  has  charge  of  the  paper.  It 
was  at  first  a  sheet  16  by  19  inches;  it  was  enlarged 
in  1824,  and  again  by  Mr.  Cushman,  Sr.,  in  1838, 
and  still  further  by  Dr.  Piielps  ;  it  now  measures 
28  by  42  inches ;  it  is  true  to  the  denomination 
and  holds  a  high  rank  for  aliility. 

Sedgwick,  Rev.  George  Cook,  was  born  in 

Calvert  Co.,  Md.,  Nov.  3,  1785.  Reared  in  the 
Church  of  England,  but  at  an  early  age  became  a 
Baptist.  Leaving  a  successful  business  to  enter 
the  ministry,  he  took  a  course  of  study  under  Dr. 
AVm.  Staughtoii ;  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Hart- 
wood  church,  Va.,  but  being  attracted  to  the  West, 
removed  to  Zanesville,  0.,  in  1820,  where,  in  1821, 
he  organized  the  First  Baptist  church,  and  re- 
mained its  past6r  for  sixteen  years.  During  this 
pastorate  he  taught  a  select  school,  and  published 
a  monthly  paper  called  The  liegular  Baptist  Mis- 
cellany, probably  the  first  Baptist  paper  published 
in  Ohio,  lie  was  also  instrumental  in  establishing 
the  Meigs'  Creek  Association,  and,  in  company  with 
his  brother,  William  Sedgwick,  and  with  brethren 
Dale,  McAvoy,  Spencer,  Calvor,  Rees,  Berkley,  and 
others,  traveled  most,  and  he  laid  the  foundation 
of  Baptist  churches.  The  Ohio  State  Convention 
was  born  in  his  church,  and  he  aided  largely  in 
the  establishment  of  Granville  College.  After 
leaving  Zanesville,  in  1837,  he  served  churches  in 
Kentucky  and  West  Virginia,  but  in  his  later  years 
returned  to  Ohio,  whore  he  died  Aug.  25,  1864. 
He  was  a  man  of  large  influence,  and  his  name  is 
widely  revered. 

Sedgwick,  Rev.  William,  A.M.,  brother  of 

George  Cnok  Sedgwick,  was  l)orn  in  Calvert  Co., 
Md.,  Feb.  7,  1790;  baptized  in  1812  by  Rev.  Jere- 
miah Moore.  Like  his  brother,  left  a  successful 
business  to  enter  the  ministry,  and  fitted  himself 
for  his  life-work  by  a  course  of  hard  study,  pur- 
sued under  the  greatest  difficulties.  Was  ordained 
pastor  of  Bethel  church,  Ya.,  Oct.  21.  1821,  to 
which  place  he  returned  after  a  short  pastorate  at 
the  Navy-Yard  church,  Washington,  D.  C.  In 
November,  1823,  went  to  Ohio,  and  took  charge 
of  a  largo  school  in  Cambridge,  where  he  organ- 
ized a  church,  and  preached  in  all  the  regions 
round  about.  In  1828  he  removed  to  Salt  Creek, 
Muskingum  Co.,  0..  jireaching  not  only  at  Salt 
Creek,  but  at  Brookfield  and  McConnellsvillc  and 


many  other  places.  In  1837  he  succeeded  his 
brother  George  as  pastor  of  the  First  church. 
Zanesville,  and,  after  two  years,  took  charge  of 
the  Adamsville  ciiurch,  where  he  labored  for 
eighteen  years. 

During  his  long  ministry  of  fifty-six  years,  forty- 
three  years  of  which  were  spent  in  Muskingum  Co., 
0.,  Mr.  Sedgwick  baptized  over  1000  persons.  He 
was  greatly  interested  in  the  missionary  and  educa- 
tional enterprises  of  Ohio,  and  assisted  in  the  organ- 
ization of  the  Meigs'  Creek  Association  in  1825  and 
the  State  Convention  in  1826.  He  died  Nov.  30, 
1871,  revered  and  mourned  by  old  and  young.  A 
son.  Rev.  G.  C.  Sedgwick,  of  Martin's  Feri-y,  0., 
succeeds  him  in  the  work  of  the  gospel. 

Seely,  Hon.  Alexander  McL.,  was  born  in 

St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  in  1812  ;  commenced  to 
attend  Baptist  preaching  in  1835;  was  subsequently 
converted,  and  was  baptized  with  eighteen  others 
at  Indiantown  liy  the  late  Rev.  Samuel  Robinson, 
March  25,  1842;  was  deacon  in  Portland  church, 
and  Germain  Street  church,  St.  John,  and  is  now 
deacon  in  Leinster  church  in  that  city.  Became  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  in  1854,  and  is  now 
president  of  the  popular  branch  of  the  New  Bruns- 

1  wick  Legislature.  He  is  conscienbious,  urbane,  and 
faithful  in  the  performance  of  all  his  church  and 

J  public  duties. 

SeemuUer,  Mrs.  Anne  Moncure,  daughter  of 

Wm.  Crane  and  Jean  Crane,  and  great-grand- 
daughter, on  her  mother's  side,  of  Thomas  Stone, 
a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  was 
born  in  Baltimore,  Jan.  7,  1838.  She  was  edu- 
cated with  superior  advantages  in  the  city  of  her 
nativity.  She  early  gave  herself  to  literary  com- 
position, contributing  to  the  Galaxy  and  other  pe- 
riodicals. Three  novels  of  remarkable  characteris- 
tics are  from  her  pen, — "  Emily  Chester,"  "Oppor- 
tunity,'" and  "  Reginald  Archer."  She  married  Mr. 
Augustus  SeemuUer,  of  New  York.  Her  health 
failing,  she  went  to  Stuttgart,  Germany,  where  she 
died  Dec.  10,  1877.  She  early  became  a  member 
of  Dr.  Richard  Fuller's  church  in  Baltimore,  and 
died  in  its  communion.  Her  remains,  as  well  as 
her  husband's,  repose  beside  her  father's,  in  Green 
Blount  Cemetery,  Baltimore. 

Seger,  Rev.  John,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1786. 

He  was  baptized  in  the  North  River,  in  April, 
1803 ;  licensed  to  ]n-each  by  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  New  York,  June  17,  1813.  He  took 
charge  of  the  Ilightstown  church  in  May,  1818. 
Here  he  spent  the  vigor  of  his  manhood.  For 
eighteen  j'ears  he  was  pastor  of  this  church ; 
during  part  of  this  time  he  was  also  the  pastor  of 
the  Hamilton  Square  church.  Great  spiritual 
awakenings  followed  his  ministry.  Many  were 
1  led  by  him  into  the  light.  Large  portions  of  New 
Jersey,  from  the  Delaware  to  the  coast,  were  trav- 


SELLERS 


1040 


SEMPLE 


ersed  by  him  in  preaching  Jesus.  He  was  moder- 
ator of  the  first  State  Convention  of  New  Jersey, 
held  at  Nottingham  Square,  in  1830.  He  was  set- 
tled for  a  time  at  Lambertville,  subsequently  on 
Long  Island.  From  this  time  'he  lived  in  retire- 
ment, among  the  people  of  his  first  love.  lie  was 
a  godly  man,  whose  life  was  made  beautiful  by  the 
Saviour's  presence.  He  died  in  a  good  old  age, 
Nov.  15,  1870,  leaving  the  heritage  of  a  blessed 
memory. 

Sellers,  Rev.  T.  G.,  principal  of  Starkville, 
Miss.,  Institute,  was  born  in  South  Carolina  in  1831 ; 
began  to  preach  in  Alabama  in  1850,  and  graduated 
at  Union  University,  Tenn.,  in  1854 ;  two  years 
pastor  at  Athens,  Ala. ;  since  1857  has  supplied 
the  church  at  Stax-kville,  Miss.  ;  has  been  several 
times  moderator  of  the  Columbus,  Miss.,  Associa- 
tion;  in  1869  established  the  Starkville  Female 
Institute,  which  ranks  among  the  first  schools  in 
the  State.  , 

Sample,  Robert  B.,  D.D.,  the  youngest  son  of 
John  Semple  and  Elizabeth  (Walker)  Semple,  was 
born  at  Rose  Mount,  King  and  Queen  Co.,  Va., 
Jan.  20,  1769.  His  father  dying  while  he  was  still 
an  infant,  he  was  left  to  the  faithful  care  of  his 
mother,  a  stanch  adherent  of  the  Episcopal 
Church.  He  was  educated  at  the  well-known 
academy  conducted  by  the  Rev.  Peter  Nelson,  and 
he  }nade  such  progrfess  in  his  studies  that  at 
the  age  of  sixteen  he  became  a  valuable  assist- 
ant teacher.  Having  finished  his  course  of  study 
here,  he  was  employed  as  tutor  in  a  private  family, 
and  at  the  same  time  entered  upon  the  study 
of  law.  At  this  period  he  was  troubled  with 
grievous  skeptical  views  as  to  religious  truth,  but 
through  the  prayers  of  an  humble  friend  who  was 
very  familiar  with  the  Bible,  and  with  whom  he 
held  many  conversations  and  protracted  arguments, 
he  was  led  to  realize  his  errors,  and  was  brought, 
by  the  grace  of  God,  to  feel  his  sinful  condition. 
Immediately  on  his  conversion,  he  felt  it  to  be  his 
duty  to  connect  himself  with  a  Baptist  church, 
although  the  denomination  in  his  neighl)orhood 
was  but  lightly  esteemed.  He  was  baptized  in  De- 
cember, 1789,  by  the  Rev.  Theodoric  Noel,  and 
joined  the  Upper  King  and  Queen  church.  He 
began  immediately  to  speak  for  Christ,  and  preached 
his  first  discourse  at  the  house  of  Mrs.  Loury,  Caro- 
line County,  December  24,  the  same  occasion  on 
which  the  Rev.  Andrew  Broaddus  made  his  first 
effort  at  preaching.  lie  gave  but  little  evidence  at 
that  time  of  any  special  "  aptness  to  teach."  He  per- 
severed, however,  in  his  efforts,  and  when,  in  1790, 
the-Bruington  church  was  constituted.  ISIr.  Soniple 
became  its  pastor,  having  been  ordained  Sept.  26, 
1790.  This  church  he  served  until  his  death,  a 
period  of  forty  years.  In  1793  he  married  Miss 
Ann  Loury,  daughter  of  Col.  Thomas  Loury,  of 


Caroline  County,  and  settled  in  King  and  Queen 
County,  on  a  farm  named  "  Mordington,'"  where 
for  many  years,  in  addition  to  preaching,  he  taught 
school.     Mr.  Semple  soon  became  one  of  the  most 


ROBERX  B.  SEMPLE,  D.D. 

useful  and  popular  men  in  the  State.  lie  made 
frequent  and  extensive  tours  throughout  lower 
Virginia,  strengthening  the  churches  and  proving 
a  great  blessing  to  the  people.  He  had  the  grat- 
ification of  baptizing  converts  frequently  and  in 
large  numbers.  He  was  an  active  member  of  the 
Dover  Association,  and  its  efficiency  was,  in  a 
great  measure,  owing  to  his  zeal  and  labors  in  its 
belvalf.  He  was  deeply  interested  in  the  cause  of 
missions,  and  was  one  of  the  first  in  Virginia  to 
advocate  their  claims.  He  enlisted  the  prayers  and 
labors  both  of  individuals  and  churches  in  them; 
attended  the  first  meeting  of  the  Baptist  General 
Convention  ;  was  an  active  friend  of  the  Richmond 
Foreign  and  Domestic  Society,  and  labored  for  the 
General  Association  of  Virginia.  Mr.  Semple  was 
also  an  ardent  friend  of  education.  At  a  very 
critical  period  in  the  varied  history  of  the  Columbian 
Cortege  he  was  persuaded  to  become  its  financial 
agent  and  president  of  its  board  of  trustees.  lie 
subjected  himself  to  numerous  inconveniences  in 
accepting  this  trust,  and  his  death  soon  after  frus- 
trated the  hopes  which  the  friends  of  the  college 
had  indulged  from  their  knowledge  of  I\Ir.  Semple's 
prudence  and  energy.  As  an  author,  he  won  the 
regards  of  the  denomination.  In  1809  he  published 
a  Catechism  for  the  use  of  children,  which  was  ex- 
tensively used  and  highly  commended.     In  1810 


SENTER 


1041 


Si'.l'AHATE 


his  "History  of  Virginia  Uiiptists''  was  published. 
This  work  iriust  have  cost  the  autlior  inuoh  time 
and  trouble,  but  it  conferred  an  important  benefit  on 
the  churches,  in  enaljlint;  them  to  l)Ccome  familiar 
with  each  other's  rise  and  proi^iess,  and  in  its  tend- 
ency to  bind  them  more  closely  together.  This 
is  an  invalual)le  volume.  He  also  wrote  a  biog- 
raphy of  the  lamented  Straughan.  He  was  fro- 
(juently  called  on  to  write  the  circular  letters  of  the 
I)over  Association,  all  of  \vhi<-h  were  marked  by 
rare  excellence  of  style  and  matter.  As  a  minister 
of  the  gospel  Mr.  Seinplo  was  eminently  success- 
ful. The  secret  of  his  usefulness  lay  in  his  great 
prudence  and  decision  of  character  ;  in  the  un- 
wearied diligence  with  which  he  discharged  his 
ministerial  duties,  and  in  the  marked  practical 
character  of  his  preaching.  No  one  knew  better 
than  he  how  to  counsel  persons  under  conviction 
of  sin,  or  how  to  advise  under  any  perplexing  cir- 
cumstances. His  congregations  were  always  large, 
because  he  never  failed  to  fill  his  appointments  ; 
while  his  discourses  were  remarkable  for  appro- 
priateness, and  were  alwaj-s  delivered  in  simplicity 
and  sincerity.  The  Kev.  Andrew  Broaddus,  who 
knew  him  intimately,  said  of  him,  "'  The  distin- 
guishing excellence  of  our  brother  in  his  minis- 
terial capacity  appeared  to  me  to  consist  in  a  fund 
of  knowledge  of  human  nature,  applied,  as  occa- 
sion called  for  it,  to  the  various  workings  of  the 
heart,  and  in  what  the  apostle  calls  '  instruction 
in  righteousness  ;'  or  an  exhibition  of  the  duty  and 
advantage  of  practical  godliness."  Mr.  Semple 
was  invited,  in  ISO'),  to  become  the  president  of 
Transylvania  University,  which  honor  he  declined. 
In  1815  Brown  University  conferred  on  him  the 
honorary  degree  of  A.M.  It  also  conferred  on 
him  the  degree  of  P.O.,  which  honor  was  also 
given  to  him  by  the  college  of  AVilliam  and  Mary, 
both  which,  however,  he  felt  constrained  respect- 
fully to  decline.  He  died  Dec.  25,  1831,  and  "in 
his  removal,"  says  his  biographer,  "  the  whole  de- 
nomination sustained  a  loss." 

Senter,  Deacon  James  M.,  of  Trenton,  Tenn.. 

was  born  in  Cumberland  Co..  N.  C.  His  father 
removed  to  Tennessee  in  1831.  He  professed  faith 
in  Christ  and  joined  Liberty  Baptist  church,  and 
was  baptized  by  Kev.  S.  P.  Clark  in  1846.  He 
united  with  the  Trenlon  church,  where  he  still  re- 
tains his  membership,  in  1858.  He  was  ordained 
to  the  deaconship  in  said  church  in  February,  1860, 
which  position  he  still  holds,  to  the  pleasure  and 
profit  of  both  church  and  pastor.  His  pastor,  Dr. 
M.  Hillsman,  one  of  our  ablest  ministers,  speaks  of 
him  always  in  the  most  complim(>ntary  terms.  It 
is  the  opinion  of  the  writer  that  he  has  bat  few,  if 
any,  equals  as  a  deacon.  He  is  the  deacons'  treas- 
urer. They  assess  the  membership,  the  amounts 
to  be  paid  quarterly,  the  sum  is  promptly  given, 


and  handed  over  to  the  pastor.  Everything  moves 
regularly  like  a  clock  ;  there  is  no  friction  in  the 
machinery.  If  all  our  churches  had  such  deacons 
our  ministers  would  all  fare  well.  Dr.  Hillsman 
has  no  fears  that  his  salary  will  fall  short.  Deacon 
Senter  is  a  man  of  much  prayer,  consequently  rea<ly 
for  every  good  word  and  work.  He  attends  our  ati- 
niversaries,  and  is  always  found  uj)on  important 
committees.  He  is  now  treasurer  of  the  Central 
Association.  He  not  only  works  and  gives  him- 
self, but  encourages  others  to  labor  and  give.  The 
churches  should  imjilore  the  Lord  from  day  to  day 
to  raise  up  more  such  deacons. 

Senter,  Deacon  William  M.,  was  liorn  at  Lex- 
ington, Henderson  Co.,  Tenn.,  April  11,  1831.  He 
was  converted  and  united  with  the  Baptist  church 
at  Bluff  Springs,  and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Jas. 
Hurt,  D.D.,  in  1850.  In  1854  he  united  with  the 
church  at  Trenton.  Tenn.  He  united  with  the 
Third  Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  in  1870. 
He  was  elected  trustee  in  1871,  and  deacon  in  1878. 
He  is  now  president  of  the  financial  board  of  the 
church,  composed  of  deacons  and  trustees;  has 
been  treasurer  of  the  executive  board  of  the  Gen- 
eral Associiition  of  the  State.  He  is  president  of 
the  Cotton  Compress  Company  of  St.  Louis.  By 
integrity,  energy,  and  skill  he  has  built  up  from 
small  beginnings  one  of  the  largest  establishments 
in  the  West.  He  is  a  man  of  admirable  social,  re- 
ligious, and  Ijenevolent  qualities.  Mr.  Senter  has 
given  thousands  of  <lollars  to  our  Baptist  cause, 
and  ho  is  a  pillar  of  strength  in  his  church  and  in 
our  denomination  in  the  city  and  State. 

Separate  Baptists. — When  George  Whitefield 
preached  in  New  England,  as  elsewhere,  many 
were  converted  to  God  ;  and  as  in  the  State  Con- 
gregational churches  religion  was  in  a  very  low 
condition,  the  new  disciples  were  regarded  as  a 
strange  element,  except  by  those  in  them,  ministers 
or  laymen,  who  had  been  blessed  with  new  hearts. 
These  persons  for  a  time  were  called  Newlights : 
))ut,  as  their  treatment  by  the  old  religious  commu- 
nities was  cold  and  sometimes  unfriendly,  and  as 
the  truth  was  fre(|nently  neither  loved  nor  preached 
in  the  churches  of  the  "  standing  order,"'  the  New- 
lights  established  religious  services  of  their  own, 
and  in  process  of  time  they  organized  churches, 
into  which  only  regenerated  members  were  re- 
ceived. These  communities  were  first  cstablislied 
about  1744,  and  they  were  pious  Congregational 
clnirches,  as  distinguished  frojn  the  formal  legal- 
ized bodies  of  the  State.  Baptists  and  Pedobaptists 
were  often  found  in  the  Separate  churches.  Isaac 
Backus  and  Shubal  Stearns  were  ministers  among 
them.  This  union,  however,  was  not  permanent. 
The  Baptists  did  not  care  to  see  a  chiUl  sprinkled 
in  a  church  to  which  they  belonged,  and  the  Con- 
gregationalists  were  not  hapjiy  when  one  of  their 


SEPARATE 


1042 


.SEVENTH-DAY 


believing  brethren  was  iniraersed.  Open  commu- 
nion, instead  of  fostering  charity,  promoted  dis- 
cord, and  ultimately  either  the  Baptists  or  the 
Congregationalists  witlidrew  from  the  church  which 
they  had  foriiied  and  organized  another  on  the 
basis  of  the  truth  as  they  held  it.  Mr.  Stearns 
was  ordained  among  the  Separates  :  and  after  he 
had  been  immersed  and  ordained  as  a  Baptist  min- 
ister, impressed  with  what  seemed  to  him  the  call 
of  God  to  remove  far  to  the  West  to  perform  a  great 
work  for  his  Master,  he  and  a  fevr  of  his  members, 
in  1754,  departed  from  Connecticut.  He  stopped 
on  the  way  before  he  reached  the  home  selected  for 
him  by  the  providence  of  God,  Sandy  Creek,  Guil- 
ford Co.,  N.  C,  when,  on  Nov.  22,  1755,  he  and 
his  companions  formed  a  church  of  sixteen  mem- 
bers. The  first  Separate  church  in  Virginia  was 
constituted  in  1760,  with  Button  Lane  as  its  pastor. 
Daniel  Marshall,  Button  Lane,  and  Col.  Samuel 
Harriss  enjoyed  extraordinary  success  in  their  min- 
istrations, converts  came  to  Christ  in  throngs, 
churches  were  constituted,  Associations  were 
formed,  the  first  of  which  was  established  among 
the  Separates  in  North  Carolina  in  1758.  In  1770 
there  were  but  two  Separate  churches  in  Virginia 
north  of  the  James  River,  and  about  four  south  of 
it ;  in  1774  there  were  thirty  south  and  twenty-four 
north  of  it  that  sent  letters  to  the  Association,  and 
there  were  probably  several  others  not  yet  identified 
with  the  Association.  The  ministers  traveled 
extensively  and  preached  everywhere.  Messrs. 
Harriss  and  Read  baptized  75  at  one  time  on  a 
preaching  tour,  and  in  one  of  their  journeys  they 
immersed  200.  Sometimes  the  floor  of  the  house 
where  the  meeting  was  held  was  covered  with  per- 
sons struck  down  with  conviction  of  sin,  and  fre- 
quently the  ministers  were  raised  up  at  night  to 
point  weeping  penitents  to  Jesus.  A  torrent  of 
saving  grace  descended  on  Virginia,  North  Caro- 
lina, and  other  States  through  the  labors  of  the 
Separate  Baptists,  which  has  never  been  exceeded 
in  saving  power  in  one  section  of  countrj^  since  the 
Saviour  ascended  into  heaven.  The  Separate  Bap- 
tists did  not  lay  so  much  stress  upon  an  educated 
ministry  as  their  Regular  brethren  ;  they  were 
unwilling  for  a  time  to  lie  bound  by  any  creed,  and 
finally,  only  with  explanations,  accepted  the  Phil- 
adelphia Confession  of  Faith  on  Aug.  10,  1787,  as 
one  of  the  terms  of  a  union  with  the  Regular 
Baptists,  consummated  at  tiiat  time,  after  which 
the  Baptists  of  the  Old  Dominion  were  known  as 
the  United  Baptist  churches  of  Virginia.  The  Sep- 
arate Baptists  had  some  leaders  who  were  strongly 
inclined  to  Arminianism,  though  generally  they 
were  sound  on  the  doctrines  of  grace  ;  and  they 
were  for  a  time  regarded  by  their  Regular  brethren 
as  somewhat  loose,  and  lacking  in  order  in  their 
religious  meetings.     AVe  heartily  approve  of  the 


old  Calvinism  of  the  Regular  Baptists  of  Virginia, 
and  as  heartily  commend  the  holy  fervor  and 
boundless  zeal  of  their  Separate  brethren.  United, 
they  have  planted  churches  all  over  Virginia, 
swept  out  of  existence  the  union  between  Church 
and  State,  and  secured  through  James  Madison  and 
George  Washington  the  religious  amendment  to  the 
United  States  Constitution.  The  Separate  Baptists 
had  for  a  time  a  distinct  and  vigorous  existence  in 
several  other  States  besides  Virginia,  and  wherever 
they  were  found  they  were  the  most  aggressive  and 
successful  body  of  Christians  ever  known  in 'our 
country.  No  efi'ort  or  sacrifice  stood  in  their  way 
where  souls  were  to  be  saved  or  Christ's  truth 
honored.  The  Separate  Baptists  were  divinely  pre- 
pared agents,  exactly  suited  to  the  people  among 
whom  they  labored  to  accomplish  a  gigantic  work 
for  God  and  for  the  Baptist  denomination  in  the 
Southern  and  Southwestern  States  of  this  country; 
and  whatever  may  have  been  their  deficiencies  as 
compared  to  their  Regular  brethren  of  their  own 
day,  or  to  the  Baptists  of  our  times,  they  are  worthy 
r)f  grateful  and  everlasting  remembrance  by  their 
present  successors  and  by  the  Saviour's  friends  of 
every  name. 

Long  since  the  chasm  between  them  and  the 
Regular  Baptists  has  been  bridged,  and  the  two 
bodies  everywhere  are  now  one  in  name  and  in 
religious  principles. 

Settle,  Judge  Thomas,  Sr.— For  a  series  of 

years  Judge  Settle  was  the  moderator  of  the  Beulah 
Association.  He  was  born  in  Rockingham  Co., 
N.  C,  March  10.  1789.  The  law  was  his  chosen 
profession,  though  he  was  a  politician  during  a 
part  of  his  life,  having  served  in  the  United  States 
Congress  in  1817,  and  also  in  1819,  when  he  de- 
clined re-election.  He  was  Speaker  of  the  House 
of  Commons  of  North  Carolina  in  the  sessions  of 
1&26-27,  and  in  1832  was  elected  a  judge  of  the 
Superior  Court,  which  office  he  filled  till  his  resig- 
!  nation  in  1854.  lie  died  Aug.  7,  1858.  His  last 
official  position  was  that  of  chairman  of  the  court 
of  his  county.  He  was  the  father  of  Hon.  Thos. 
Settle,  at  one  time  on  the  Supreme  Court  bench  of 
North  Carolina,  and  now  United  States  district 
judge  in  Florida,  and  of  Mrs.  Gov.  D.  S.  Reid. 

Seventh-Day  Baptists,  The,  are  distinguished 
from  the  Regular  Baptists  UKiiiil}-  by  their  views  of 
the  Sabbath,  They  believe  that  the  seventh  day  of 
the  week  was  sanctified  for  the  Sabbath  in  Paradise, 
and  was  designed  for  all  mankind  ;  that  it  forms 
a  necessary  part  of  the  Ten  Commandments,  and 
is  as  immutable  as  tiiey  ;  that  it  was  not  changed 
b}'  divine  authority  at  the  introduction  of  Chris- 
tianity ;  that  passages  in  the  New  Testament, 
speaking  of  the  first  day  of  the  week,  do  not  imply 
its  substitution  for  the  Sabbath,  or  its  appointment 
as  a  daj'  of  worship ;  that  early  Christians  con- 


SEVENTH-DAY 


1043 


SHAD R AC  H 


tinued  to  observe  the  seventh  day  as  the  Sabbath 
till  the  edicts  of  emperors  and  decrees  of  councils 
suppressed  it;  that,  finally,  "  The  seventh  day  of 
the  week,  and  not  the  first,  onjiht  now  to  ))e  ol)- 
served  as  the  Sabl)ath  of  the  Lord  our  God." 
Notices  of  people  lioldinji;  these  sentiments  are 
found  in  the  first  six  Christian  centuries,  also 
durinii;  the  dark  period  intervening  between  the 
establishment  of  papal  dominion  and  the  dawning 
of  the  Reformation.  In  the  seventh  century,  under 
Pope  Gregory  I.,  the  Sabbatii  was  much  discussed, 
a  class  declaring  '■  it  was  not  lawful  to  do  any  man- 
ner of  work  on  the  Satui-day,  or  the  old  Sabbath." 
In,  the  eleventh  century,  under  (iiregory  VII., 
the  same  was  preached.  In  the  twelfth  century 
there  existed  a  large  community  in  Loinhardy  who 
kept  the  seventh  day  as  the  Sabl)ath.  The  Ilefor- 
niation  introduced  a  new  era.  In  the  sixteenth 
century,  Baptists  who  kept  the  seventh  day  were 
quite  common  in  Germany.  In  the  beginning  of 
the  seventeenth  century  they  made  their  appear- 
ance in  England,  but  did  not  begin  to  organize 
churches  until  lf)50.  AVithin  fifty  years  from  the 
latter  date  there  were  eleven  Sal)l)atarian  churches 
in  Knghuiil.and  scattered  Sabbatii-keepers  in  many 
parts  of  the  kingdom.  Nine  of  the  eleven  churches 
have  become  extinct,  one  remaining  in  London  and 
otic  at  Walton,  near  Tewksbury.  They  enjoyed  the 
ministry  of  distinguished  Dissenters,  as  Francis 
Bamfield,  founder  of  Cripplegate  church  in  London  ; 
Edward  Stennett,  ancestor  of  the  famous  Stennett 
family  ;  -Joseph  Stennett,  author  of  the  reply  to 
Russen's  "  Fundamentals  without  a  Foundation, 
or  a  True  Picture  of  the  Anabaptists ;"  Joseph 
Stennett,  D.D.,  and  Samuel  Stennett,  D.D.,  of  the 
Little  Wild  Street  Baptist  church  in  London. 

Seventh-Day  Baptists  made  their  appearance  in 
America  in  the  latter  part  of  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury. The  first  church  was  organized  at  Newport, 
R.  I.,  in  1671.  With  this  church  for  many  years 
united  the  scattered  Sabbatarians  in  Rhode  Island 
and  Connecticut,  the  pastors  holding  meetings  in 
distant  i>laces.  In  170S  a  church  was  organized 
in  Ilojikinton,  R.  I.  ;  in  17S4,  another  in  Water- 
ford,  Conn.  There  are  now  eight  in  Rhode  Island 
and  two  in  Connecticut.  In  New  Jersey  the  first 
church  was  embodied  at  Piscataway  in  1705;  from 
this  sprang  the  church  at  Shiloh  in  1737.  Now 
there  are  four  churches  in  that  State. 

In  New  York  there  are  thirty-three  churches. 
The  church  at  Berlin  was  gathered  in  1780,  and 
formed  a  branch  in  Stephentown,  and  then  a  church 
at  Petersburg.  Then  followed  the  churches  at 
Adams,  and  at  Ilounsfield,  and  Brookfield,  in 
1797.  This  last  church  gave  rise  to  two  others  in 
the  same  town.  Then  there  are  churches  in  Ve- 
rona, Watson,  Preston,  Otsolie,  Lincklaen,  I)e 
Ruyter,  and   Truxton.     One    in    New    York  City, 


twelve  in  Allegany,  Steuben,  and  Cattaraugus 
Counties,  and  several  others  in  Western  New 
York.  Churches  are  now  found  over  the  South  and 
West;  4  in  Pennsylvania,  6  in  West  Virginia,  2  in 
Ohio,  7  in  Wisconsin,  8  in  Illinois,  2  in  Iowa,  1  in 
Missouri,  1  in  Kansas,  2  in  Nebraska,  4  in  Minne- 
sota, and  1  in  Dakota  Territory.  There  are  also  2 
in  England,  previously  named,  1  in  Holland,  and 
1  in  China,  which  report  to  the  General  Confer- 
ence. 

The  Yearly  Meeting  in  America  was  early  es- 
tablished, which  gave  rise  to  the  General  Confer- 
ence, held  annually  in  September.  In  connection 
with  this  are  held  the  Missionary,  Tract,  and  Educa- 
tion Societies.  In  1835  the  churches  organized  into 
Associations;  these  are  now  the  Eastern,  Central, 
Western,  Northwestern,  and  Southeastern.  The 
Missionary  Society  was  organized  in  1843,  oper- 
ating at  home  and  abroad.  Its  foreign  mission  is  lo- 
cated at  Shanghai,  China,  having  a  church,  chapel, 
and  dwelling-house.  The  foreign  work  is  conducted 
by  Rev.  David  II.  Davis  and  wife  and  Miss  E.  A. 
Nelson,  aided  by  two  native  preachers.  The  so- 
ciety has  a  charter  from  Rhode  Island,  and  is  lo- 
cated at  Westerly.  The  Tract  Society  manages 
the  denominational  issues,  and  publishes  the  weekly 
paper,  The  Sahhath  Recorder,  with  headquarters  at 
Alfred  Centre,  N.  Y.  The  Education  Society  is 
located  at  Alfred  Centre,  and  largely  aids  the 
Alfred  University  at  that  place  in  carrying  on  its 
classical,  mechanical,  and  theological  instruction. 
The  Sabbath  Recorder  was  established  in  1844. 
The  denomination  also  publishes  a  Sabbath-school 
paper.  Much  of  the  substantial  history  of  the 
churches  and  ministers  may  ])e  found  in  the 
Seventh- Day  Buj^tist  Memorial, — a  quarterly.  The 
literature  of  the  denomination  is  fairlj' represented 
in  the  volumes  pu))lished  liy  the  Tract  Society.  In 
revival  efforts  the  churches  and  ministers  very 
heartily  unite  with  the  laborers  of  other  evangelical 
denominations. 

The  fallowing  statistics  are  taken  from  the  re- 
turns of  1879:  Associations,  5  ;  churches,  90  ;  or- 
dained ministers,  105  ;  total  membership,  8605. 

The  above,  somewhat  condensed,  is  from  the 
pen  of  a  leading  member  of  the  Seventh-Day  Bap- 
tist denomination.  The  editor  gives  it  as  an  ex- 
pression of  the  opinions  of  these  brethren,  not  as  a 
declaration  of  his  views. 

Shadrach,  Wm.,  D.D.— This  name  is  a  house- 
hold word  among  the  Baptists  of  Penn.sylvania. 
If  fidelity  to  truth,  earnest  convictions,  impassioned 
eloquence,  and  active  zeal  through  half  a  century 
entitle  a  clergyman  to  peculiar  prominence  among 
his  brethren,  such  prominence  must  be  awarded 
this  veteran  minister. 

Dr.  Shall liirh  is  a  fine  specimen  of  the  Welsh 
people,  of  wliiiiii  there  have  been  not  a  few  highly 


SHAILER 


1044 


SHAILER 


distinguished  ministers  in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  born  in  Swansea,  Glamorganshire,  South 
Wales,  Dec.  4,  1804,  and  came  to  America,  landing 
at  Pictou,  Nova  Scotia,  when  fifteen  years  of  age. 
After  spending  some  time  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  he 
removed  to  Pennsylvania,  and  on  the  22d  of  May, 
1,825,  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Two 
Lick  Baptist  church,  Indiana  Co.,  by  Rev.  Thomas 
E.  Thomas.  He  received  ordination  Dec.  10,  1828, 
and  became  pastor  of  the  Mount  Pleasant  Baptist 
church,  Westmoreland  Co.  From  this  date  to  1837 
he  served  with  much  acceptance  and  signal  success 
the  churches  of  Mount  Pleasant,  Loyalhannah, 
Peters'  Creek,  and  Alleghany  City.  In  1837  he 
settled  with  the  New  Market  Street  church  (now 
Fourth)  in  Philadelphia. 

After  a  service  of  more  than  three  years  he  ac- 
cepted the  agency  of  the  Pennsylvania  Baptist 
State  Convention  (now  the  General  Association), 
and  labored  with  great  success  for 'three  years. 
After  a  brief  connection  with  the  Grant  Street 
church  in  Pittsburgh,  he  was  called  in  1844  to  the 
Fifth  Baptist  church,  Philadelphia,'  where  he  re- 
mained until  1847,  resigning  in  order  to  devote 
himself  to  the  work  of  assisting  to  found  the  uni- 
versity at  Lewisburg.  For  six  years  he  devoted 
himself  with  untiring  energy  and  eminent  success  to 
this  great  undertaking..  In  1853  he  was  chosen  cor- 
responding secretary  of  the  American  Baptist  Pub- 
lication Society,  and  continued  in  this  service  until 
July,  1860.  In  that  year  he  received  the  honorary 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  Madison  Uni- 
versity. In  1840,  and  also  in  1841  and  1846,  he 
was  elected  moderator  of  the  Philadelphia  Baptist 
Association. 

From  I860  to  the  present  date  Dr.  Shadrach  has 
led  an  active  life  as  a  pastor  of  several  important 
churches,  giving  also  portions  of  his  time  to  the 
interests  of  the  denomination  at  large  in  labor  for 
the  Publication  Society' and  the  university.  In  a 
serene  old  age  he  is  still  honored  as  the  devoted 
pastor  of  the  cliurch  in  the  county-town  of  Indiana, 
Pa.     Long  may  the  shades  of  niglit  be  deferred  ! 

Shailer,  Rev.  Nathan  Emery,  son  of  Rev. 

Simon  Shailer,  a  stanch,  old-time  representative 
Baptist  minister,  who  left  an  excellent  record  in 
Haddam,  Conn.,  Avhere  he  died,  was  born  in  Ilad- 
dam,  June  17,  1803 :  studied  in  Bacon  Academy, 
Colchester,  and  became  a  teacher  ;  converted  under 
the  preaching  of  Rev.  William  Bentley ;  com- 
menced mercantile  life,  but  yielded  to  the  ministry  •, 
studied  theology  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  under  Dr. 
Kendrick,  with  the  missionaries  Ilaswell  and  Vin- 
ton as  fellow-students;  ordained  in  New  Britain, 
Conn.,  in  the  autumn  of  1829,  and  remained  three 
years  ;  in  1832  l)ecame  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  Chesterfield,  which,  with  the  church  in  Volun- 
town,  he  served  three  years.     lie  then  settled  with 


the  church  in  Preston,  where  he  had  an  unusually 
happy  and  prosperous  pastorate  of  eight  years :  in 
1844  was  chosen  State  missionary  by  the  Connec- 
ticut Baptist  State  Convention,  which  responsible 
position  he  filled  with  admirable  tact,  fidelity,  and 
success  for  thirty  years,  visiting  annually  all  parts 
of  the  State,  and  laboring  with  feeble  churches  and 
in  destitute  regions;  held  protracted  meetings; 
organized  churches;  aided  ministers ;  collected 
funds  ;  and  settled  difficulties.  He  was  unwearied 
in  his  devotion;  genial  and  ready;  an  engaging 
preacher;  mighty  in  prayer;  wise  in  council ;  pure 
in  doctrine  and  in  life;  kind  to  all.  but  firm  as  a 
rock  for  the  truth  ;  the  co-laliorer  of  Cook,  Denison. 
Bailey,  Steward,  Ives,  Swan,  and  Turnbull ;  full 
of  honors  and  virtues  as  of  years,  he  died  July  10, 
1879,  aged  seventy-six. 

Shailer,  William  H.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Had- 
dam, Conn.,  Nov.  20,  1807.     Having  enjoyed  such 


WILLIAM    n.   SIIAII.ER,   D.D. 

advantages  as  could  be  secured  in  his  native  town 
for  obtaining  an  education,  he  began  to  teach  at 
the^early  age  of  seventeen.  Ilis  desire  was  to  fit 
himself  eventually  for  the  profession  of  law,  but 
having  become  a  hopeful  Christian  all  his  life-plans 
at  once  underwent  a  change.  He  was  baptized  into 
the  fellowship  of  the  church  in  Deep  River,  Conn., 
and  soon  after  completed  his  preparatory  studies 
at  Hamilton.  He  then  entered  Madison  University, 
and  graduated  in  the  class  of  1835.  AVhile  pursuing 
his  studies  at  the  Newton  Theological  Institution 
he  was  chosen  principal  of  the  Connecticut  Literary 
Institution  at  Suflield.     lie  commenced  his  labors 


SHALLENBERGER 


1045 


SffALLEXRERGER 


there  in  Deooiiiljer,  183'),  tcachinj:  duriim  tlie  week 
and  prcachinj;on  the  Sabbath.  lie  was  ordained  as 
an  evangelist  at  Deep  River,  Conn.,  Feb.  26,  183(). 
Ilavinj;  occupied  tlie  position  to  wiiich  he  had 
been  called  in  Siiffield  for  nearly  two  years,  he  ac- 
cepted an  itivitation  to  becoiiie  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Brookline,  Mass.,  and  begun  his  ministry 
there  Sept.  1,  18,37.  For  sixteen  years  and  a  iialf  lie 
continued  pastor  of  that  church,  though  frequently 
invited  and  urged  to  accept  other  and  seemingly 
more  important  positions.  During  that  period  he 
was  connected  with  various  denominational  organ- 
izations,— was  ten  years  secretary  of  the  .Massachu- 
setts Baptist  Convention,  tiiirteen  years  recording 
secretary  of  tlie  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union, 
nearly  eight  years  a  member  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee of  the  Union,  and  was  connected  with  the 
boards  of  several  other  denominational  institutions, 
attending  their  meetings  with  great  regularity. 

In  March,  18.")4,  Dr.  Shailer  became  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Portland,  Me.,  a  position  to 
which  he  had  been  invited  twelve  years  before.  In 
18')8  he  became  the  proprietor  and  editor  of  Zion's 
Adcoade,  of  which  paper  he  was  the  publisher  for 
more  than  fifteen  years,  in  addition  to  his  pastoral 
labors.  His  connection  with  the  church  in  Port- 
land continued  for  the  unusually  long  period  of 
twenty-three  and  a  half  years.  lie  resigned  his 
pastorate  in  1877,  his  resignation  taking  effect 
August  1  of  that  year.  It  thus  appears  that 
Dr.  Shailer  has  had  but  two  settlements  during 
forty  consecutive  years. 

Dr.  Shailer  was  a  trustee  of  the  Newton  Theo- 
logical Institutiiin  from  1848,  and  of  Colby  Uni- 
versity from  1855.  The  honorary  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Madison 
University  in  1853. 

He  resided  in  Portland,  active  in  various  ways 
in  promoting  the  cause  of  Christ  and  the  interests 
of  the  denomination  to  which  he  was  so  long  at- 
tached, and  enjoyed  the  respect  and  confidence  of 
his  brethren  and  friends  until  his  death,  which  oc- 
curred Feb.  23,  1S81. 

Shallenberger,  Aaron  T.,  M.D.,  oldest  son  of 
Abram  Shallenherger,  was  liorn  at  Mount  Pleasant, 
Westmoreland  Co.,  Pa.,  Feb.  20,  1825,  and  was 
baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  1842;  studied  medicine  in  the  office  of  W.  C. 
Reiter,  M.D.,  of  Mount  Pleasant,  and  gradiyited 
at  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia.  March 
20,  1846  :  married  Miss  Mary  Bonbright,  of 
Youngstown,  Pa.,  Sept.  1,  1846;  removed  to 
Rochester,  Pa.,  Jan.  7^  1847,  where  he  hSis  since 
resided  in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  lie  is  a 
member  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Rochester  and 
president  of  its  board  of  trustees.  He  has  been 
prominent  in  the  local  and  educational  interests  of 
the  county,  a  constant  reader  of  general  and  pro- 


fessional literature,  and  especially  interested  in 
scientific^  investigations  and  discoveries. 

Shallenberger,  Deacon  Abram,  was  born  in 

1797,  of  Swiss  ancestry.  He  was  baptized  in  early 
manhood  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Baptist  Churcii. 
He  marrii'(l  Kachel  Newmyer,  and  settled  in  Mount 
Pleasant,  Pa.,  where  he  carried  on  an  extensive 
business  (or  many  years  :  was  a  constituent  mem- 
ber of  the  Mount  Pleasant  Baptist  church,  and  was 
elected  its  first  deacon  in  November,  1828,  which 
office  he  filled  until  he  removed  to  Beaver  County 
in  1856.  Ho  passed  away  very  suddenly  in  De- 
cember, 1868,  drop])ing  dead  while  walking  home 
from  church  at  New  Brighton,  Pa.,  wliere  he  had 
greatly  enjoyed  a  communion  service, 

Deacon  Shallenherger  was  a  man  of  great  nat- 
ural endowment,  force  of  character,  and  informa- 
tion. He  found  time  for  mucdi  study  and  general 
reading.  He  was,  indeed,  mighty  in  the  Scrip- 
tures, and  had  a  reason  for  the  faith  that  was  in 
him.  He  was  a  terse  and  vigorous  writer,  contrib- 
uting occasionally  to  the  religious  weeklies.  He 
was  active  in  every  good  work,  a  shining  light  in 
the  church,  a  tender  and  affectionate  husband  and 
father,  universally  esteemed  for  the  purity  and 
proliity  of  his  character.  He  died  in  ^'le  triumph 
of  the  Christian's  hope. 

His  wife,  a  noble  Christian  woman,  survived  him 
a  year  and  a  half,  then  fell  asleep  in  Jesus.  Twelve 
children  were  l)orn  to  these  parents,  eight  of  whom 
are  still  living,  all  married,  teaching  their  children 
the  religion  of  Jesus. 

Shallenberger,  Hon,  William  S.,  was  bom  at 

ISIdunt  Pleasant,  Westmoreland  Co.,  Pa..  Nov.  24, 
1839:  received  his  education  at  the  university  at 
Lewisburg;  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of 
the  Mount  Pleasant  Bajitist  church  in  1S57;  en- 
listed, in  August,  1862.  in  the  NUth  Regiment  Pa. 
Vols.,  in  which  he  was  afterwards  appointed  adju- 
tant; was  wounded  slightly  at  Chancellorsville, 
and  severely  at  Gettysburg  and  at  the  AV'ilderness ; 
was  discharged  from  the  service  on  account  of 
wounds. 

Since  the  war  he  has  been  active  in  business 
pursuits.  He  is  a  deacon  of  the  church  at  Roches- 
ter, lie  was  the  first  president  of  the  Beaver 
County  Sunday-School  Institute.  He  has  been 
moderator  of  the  Pittsburgh  Association  for  the 
years  1877  and  1878,  and  he  gained  signal  reputa- 
tion for  his  judicious  rulings.  He  was  elected  to 
the  Forty-fifth  Congress  in  1876,  at  the  early  age 
of  thirty-seven,  from  the  twenty-fourth  district  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  re-elected  to  the  Forty-sixth 
Congress  in  1878. 

He  married  Josephine,  daughter  of  Gen.  Thos.  J. 
Power,  of  Rochester,  in  1864. 

A  Washington  journal  represents  him  as  pos- 
sessing "a  reputation  for  personal  integrity  that 


SHAN  A  FELT 


1046 


SHANS 


has  secured  for  him  the  esteem  and  confidence  of 
his  peers,  and  has  given  him  an  influence  with  the 
various  departments  of  the  government  that  has 
made  him  one  of  the  most  useful  members  of  the 


HON.   WILLIAM    S.  SHALLENBERGEK. 

House  of  Representatives.  ~  There  is  not,  we  ven- 
ture the  remark,  a  more  industrious  or  painstaking 
man  in  Congress  at  this  time  than  Mr.  Shallen- 
berger,  a  more  obliging  "representative,  or  a  more 
upright  Christian  gentleman." 

Shanafelt,  Rev.  A,  H.,  passed  from  labor  to  the 
refreshing  blessedness  and  the  unbroken  rest  of 
heaven  in  1875.  Mr.  Shanafelt  was  a  native  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  he  died  when  about  forty  years 
of  age.  He  had  a  vigorous  constitution,  and  looked 
as  if  designed  by  the  Creator  for  a  long  and  ardu- 
ous life. 

He  was  called  by  the  Spirit  into  the  kingdom  of 
grace  and  peace  in  early  life,  and  united  with  the 
Methodist  Church  ;  but  he  soon  learned  the  truth 
more  perfectly  about  free-will  and  tlie  ordinance 
of  baptism,  and  he  was  immersed  on  a  profession 
of  his  faitli.  lie  was  a  graduate  of  Lewisburg  Uni- 
versity. After  laboring  in  the  interior  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, he  settled  in  Chester  in  ISG7,  Avhere  his 
efforts  were  sanctioned  by  the  divine  Spirit,  and 
wheio  the  laborer  was  tenderly  loved.  Few  men 
enjoyed  in  a  greater  measure  the  confidence  of  his 
brethren,  and  few  men  so  richly  deserved  it. 

Shannon,  Rev.  James,  a  distinguished  scholar, 
a  graduate  of  Belfast  College,  Ireland,  who  came 
to  Sunbury,  Ga.,  to  assist  Dr.  McAV^hirr  in  the 
academy.     lie  became  a  candidate  for  the  ministry 


among  the  Presbyterians,  and   for  a  trial  thesis 

was  given  the  subject.  "  Did  John's  baptism  belong 
to  the  Jewish  or  Christian  dispensation?"  His 
examination  of  the  subject  of  baptism  led  to  his 
becoming  a  Baptist,  and  he  was  baptized  by  Rev. 
G.  0.  Screven,  D.D..  in  1822  or  1823.  He  became 
the  successor  of  the  elder  Brantly,  as  pastor  of  the 
Augusta  church,  in  May,  1826,  and  his  pastorate 
extended  through  three  and  a  half  j'ears,  his  ac- 
ceptance of  tlie  professorship  of  Ancient  Languages 
in  the  State  University,  at  Athens,  causing  his 
resignation.  During  his  pastorate — in  the  year 
1827 — there  was  a  powerful  revival  in  the  church 
at  Augusta,  and  Mr.  Shannon  baptized  many,  who 
became  faithful  and  useful  church  members.  "While 
at  Athens,  he  was  instrumental  in  the  organization 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  that  city,  on  the  31st  of 
January,  1830,  and  was  elected  pastor  on  the  20th 
of  March  following.  This  relation  existed  until 
1835,  when  he  removed  to  Jlissouri,  and  became 
president  of  William  Jewell  Cqllege  in  1841  or 
1845.  He  died  about  1853.  He  was  a  man  of  great 
zeal,  an  unblemished  reputation,  and  fine  scholar- 
ship ;  but  he  became  somewhat  erratic  before  his 
death,  and  joined  the  "  Campbellites." 

Shans,  Mission  to  the. — The  Shans,  with  their 
kindred  races,  are  spread  over  a  large  territory  of 
Burmah,  and  are  found  in  great  numbers  in  Siam, 
Cochin  China,  Assani^,  and  the  adjacent  countries. 
As  far  back  as  1836  they  were  supposed  to  be  ten 
times  as  numerous  as  the  Burmese.  Their  general 
character  is  regarded  as  much  superior  to  that  of 
the  Burmans.  In  religion  thej'  are  supposed  to  be 
Buddhists.  The  spiritual  wants  of  this  widely 
scattered  people  attracted  the  attention  of  the 
friends  of  missions  in.  this  country  more  than  forty 
years  since,  but  comparatively  little  was  done  to 
save  them  until  1859.  Rev.  ISI.  II.  Bixbj',  who  had 
been  a  missionary  among  the  Burmans  and  Talings, 
was  appointed  to  the  new  field  of  labor  among  the 
Shans.  The  most  encouraging  indications  met  Mr. 
Bixhy  from  the  very  outset  of  his  work.  Having 
made  Toungoo  his  headquarters,  he  commenced  to 
preach  and  make  himself  better  acquainted  with 
the  language,  and  many  inquirers  came  to  him  to 
learn  of  Jesus.  The  first  liighly  raised  expecta- 
tions were  not  met.  Various  causes  conspired  to 
hinder  the  progress  of  the  Avork.  In  1863  the 
prospect  seemed  more  encouraging.  Conversions 
occurred,  and  the  belief  was  strengthened  that  the 
blessing  of  heaven  would  largely  rest  on  the  labors 
of  the  missionaries.  On  Sunday,  the  22d  of  May. 
1864,  Mr.  Bixby  liaptizod  fifty-five  converts  in  a  deep 
gorge  between  two  mountains,  on  the  sides  of  which 
were  two  villages  of  the  Shans.  At  the  end  of  four 
years'  work  he  reports  one  hundred  baptisms  and 
the  formation  of  three  churches.  The  constant 
labor  of  so  many  years  at  last  so  undermined  the 


d 


SlfAhT 


1047 


SHARP 


health  of  Mr.  Hixliy  tluit  lie  rfturned  to  the  United 
States  in  the  summer  of  1S68,  and  the  care  of  the 
mission  devolved  on  Kev.  Mr.  Gushing,  who  was 
joined  by  Rev.  K.  D.  Kellcy  in  the  spring  of  1872. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gushing  returned  to  their  native 
countrv  in  1.S7').  During  the  at)sence  of  Mr.  Cusli- 
ing  the  mission  to  the  Shans  was  put  in  charge  of 
Kev.  Mr.  Eveletli.  On  his  return,  in  tin;  latter 
part  of  1877,  Mr.  Gushing  established  a  new  station 
in  U[iper  Burmah,  at  Bhamo,  where  he  could  come 
in  contact  with  many  of  the  Shans.  lie  was  hope- 
ful of  good  results  from  his  labors. 

Sharp,   Daniel,   D.D.,  was  an   Englishman   by 
birth,  the  phice  of  his  nativity  being  Iludderstield, 


DAN'IKI,    SIIAUI',    D.U. 

in  the  county  of  York.  lie  was  l)orn  Dec.  2.5,  17S.3. 
From  his  pious  j)arents  lie  received  a  religious 
education,  and  always  spoke  of  them  in  terms  of 
the  highest  artV(^tion.  Having  become  a  hopeful 
Christian,  he  joined  a  Gongrcgational  church,  but 
a  change  in  his  sentiments  having  taken  place  as 
to  the  proper  mode  and  subjects  of  baptism,  he 
united  with  a  Baptist  church.  Turning  his  atten- 
tion to  mercantile  pursuits,  he  was  sent  to.  this 
country  as  the  business  agent  of  a  large  firm  in 
Yorkshire.  On  reaching  New  York,  in  the  autumn 
of  180.0,  he  identified  himself  at  once  with  the 
church  under  the  pastoral  charge  of  Rev.  John 
Williams.  In  the  social  meetings  of  the  church  he 
developed  such  gifts  at  public  speaking,  and  showed 
such  a  love  for  the  work  to  which  he  devoted  the 
energies  of  his  life,  that  it  was  the  conviction  of 
liis  l)rethren  that  he  ought  to  prepare  for  the  Chris- 


tian ministry.  After  deliberating  prayerfully  over 
tiie  matter,  he  decided  to  obey  what  seemed  to  be  a 
call  from  the  Master,  and  without  delay  put  him- 
self under  the  careful  training  of  the  Rev.  William 
Staughton,  D.D.,  of  Philadelphia,  and  received  or- 
dination May  17,  1809,  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Newark,  N.  J.  For  nearly  three  years 
he  occupied  this  position,  when  he  was  invited  to 
take  the  pastoral  charge  of  the  ('harles  Street 
church  in  Boston.  The  services  of  his  recognition 
took  place  April  29,  1812. 

The  great  executive  talents  of  Dr.  Sharp  found 
a  larger  development  and  a  wider  sphere  within 
which  to  exercise  themselves  when  he  was  thus 
transferred  to  the  metropolis  of  New  England. 
Dr.  Baldwin  and  others  of  kindred  spirit  were 
laying  the  foundation  and  enlarging  the  usefulness 
of  organizations  which  have  since  become  a  power 
for  great  good  in  the  denomination.  He  interested 
himself  in  these  various  organizations.  For  a 
number  of  years  he  was  one  of  the  editors  of  the 
Amei-ican  Baptist  Magazine.  The  intelligence  that 
Rev.  Messrs.  Judaon  and  Rice  had  become  Baptists 
and  had  thrown  themselves  on  the  sympathy  and  aid 
of  the  churches  stirred  all  the  generous  impulses  of 
his  susceptible  nature,  and  he  was  among  the  fore- 
most and  the  most  earnest  of  his  brethren  to  re- 
spond to  the  call  made  upon  the  benevolence  of  the 
denomination.  In  April,  1814,  the  General  Con- 
vention of  the  Bajitist  denomination  in  the  United 
States  was  formed.  Almost  from  the  outset  he  was 
one  of  its  officers,  and  for  many  years  president 
of  its  acting  board.  Upon  the  formation  of  the 
American  Baptist  Missionary  Union  he  was  chosen 
its  first  president,  a  distinction  which  showed  in 
what  estimation  he  was  held  by  his  brethren. 

Dr.  Sharp  was  a  warm  friend  of  every  movement 
which  looked  to  the  education  of  the  ministry. 
With  others  he  took  the  incipient  steps  which  re- 
sulted in  the  formation  of  the  Northern  Baptist 
Education  Society.  The  Newton  Theological  In- 
stitution found  in  him  a  stanch  supporter.  For 
eighteen  years  he  was  the  president  of  its  board  of 
trustees.  His  long  pastorate  of  the  Charles  Street 
church,  extending  from  April,  1812,  to  June,  18.53, 
made  him  so  well  known  in  Boston  that  his  straight, 
commanding  form  and  dignified  bearing  were  held 
in  remembrance  by  citizens  of  all  classes  and  de- 
nominations long  after  he  had  passed  away. 

Dr.  Sharp  was  eminently  conservative  in  his 
tastes  and  habits.  His  long  experience  and  wide 
observation  made  him  suspicious  of  the  permanent 
results  of  those  spasmodic  religious  movements 
which  stir  whole  communities  from  their  profound- 
est  depths.  He  was  a  believer  in  the  worth  of 
steady,  every-day  work,  and  he  thought  more  of 
harmoniously  developed,  well-rounded  Christians 
than  of  those  whose  zeal  so.  often  outruns  a  wise 


SHAVER 


1048 


SHA  W 


discretion.  In  the  city  of  his  adoption  he  was 
known  and  respected  as  few  clergymen  of  any  de- 
nomination were  in  his  day.  Brown  University 
honored  him  by  making  him  a  Fellow  of  her  cor- 
poration, and  in  1811  by  conferring  upon  him  the 
honorary  degree  of  Master  of  Arts,  and  in  1828 
that  of  Doctor  of  Divinity.  He  was  one  of  not 
more  than  eight  or  ten  Baptist  ministers  in  the 
country  who  have  received  this  latter  degree  from 
Harvard  University,  which  conferred  it  upon  him 
in  1843,  at  a  time  when  he  -was  a  member  of  its 
board  of  overseers.  He  left  behind  him  a  stain- 
less Christian  reputation  and  an  honored  memory 
as  a  minister  of  that  gospel  which  he  preached  for 
more  than  forty  years. 

Shaver,  David,  D.D.,  late  editor  of  the  Chris- 
tian Index,  and  for  years  editor  of  the  Religious 


D.wiD  shaver;  d.d. 

Herald,  of  Richmond,  Va.,  was  born  in  Abingdon, 
Va.,  of  Presbyterian  parents,  in  November,  1820. 
He  professed  religion  early  in  life,  but  was  not 
permitted  to  unite  with  a  church.  At  sixteen  he 
joined  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church,  and  was 
licensed  to  preach,  and  entered  the  itinerant  min- 
istry when  nearly  twenty,  in  connection  with  the 
Virginia  Annual  Conference.  Previous  to  that 
time  he  had  read  theology  one  year  :  subsequently 
he  devoted  three  years  to  the  study  of  theology, 
suspending  the  active  discharge  of  ministerial 
functions  for  the  purpose. 

In  November,  1S44,  he  adopted  Baptist  senti- 
ments openly,  after  mature  investigation,  and  was 
baptized  at  Lynchburg  by  Rev.  James  C.  Clopton, 


and  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  of  the  Baptist  d^ 
nomination.  In  -June.  1845,  he  became  pastor  of  the 
Lynchburg  Baptist  church,  where  he  remained  until 
called  to  succeed  Dr.  Jas.  B.  Taylor  as  pastor  of 
the  Grace  Street  church,  Richmond,  Va.,  in  October, 
1846.  At  the  end  of  two  years,  on  account  of  throat 
disease,  lie  was  compelled  to  accept  an  agency  for 
the  Domestic  Mission  Boatd  of  the  Southern  Bap- 
tist Convention.  Again  entering  the  ministr3',  he 
served  the  Baptist  church  at  Hampton,  Va.,  from 
1853  to  1857,  when  he  became  editor  of  the  Religious 
Herald,  which  he  held  until  the  surrender  of  Rich- 
mond. In  1867-  he  went  to  Atlanta,  Ga.,  to  assume 
the.  editorship  of  the  Christian  Index,  from  which 
position  he  retired  in  1874.  He  then  took  charge 
of  the  Third  Baptist  church  in  Augusta.  In  1878 
he  was  elected  professor  in  the  colored  theological 
seminary,  now  in  Atlanta^  which  position  he  still 
holds.  This  institution  is  maintained  by  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society,  and  was 
removed  from  Augusta  to  Atlanta  in  1879. 

Dr.  Shaver  is  one  of  the  finest  scholars  in  the 
South,  and  possesses  a  mind  of  extraordinary  acute- 
ness.  As  a  sermonizer  he  perhaps  has  no  superior, 
and  his  acquaintance  with  the  whole  range  of  theo- 
logical investigation  renders  him  perfectly  at  home 
on  any  subject,  and  entitles  his  opinions  to  the 
highest  respect.  He  is  a  most  polished  writer  and 
an  excellent  editor.  <-0f  unquestionable  piety  and 
surpassing  abilities,  he  would  be  fitted  to  adorn  any 
ministerial  position  were  it  not  for  the  failure  of  iiis 
voice,  by  which  his  usefulness  as  a  public  speaker 
is  impaired. 

Shaw,  Benjamin  F.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Gor- 
ham,  Me.,  Oct.  26,  1815.  He  fitted  for  college  at 
the  academy  in  Yaruiouth,  Me.,  and  pursued  his 
collegiate  studies  at  Waterville  and  Dartmouth  Col- 
leges, graduating  from  the  latter  in  the  class  of 
1837.  He  spent  one  year  at  the  Newton  Theologi- 
cal Institution.  His  ordination  occurred  March 
16,  1843.  He  has  been  pastor  of  the  churches  in 
China,  Thomaston.  and  Waterville,  Me.  The  state 
of  his. health  has  obliged  him  during  his  life  to  re- 
tire altogether  at  times  from  ministerial  work  and 
devote  himself  to  more  active  pursuits.  In  differ- 
ent sections  of  his  native  State  he  has  performed 
missionar}'  labor  among  feeble  churches,  and  been 
successful  in  promoting  revivals  of  religion.  Colby 
University,  of  which  he  is  a  trustee,  conferred  on 
him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  in  1872. 

Shaw,  Rev.  J.  F.,  editor  of  the  Baptist  Iiuh.r. 
published  at  Texarkana.  Ark.,  was  born  in  Georgia 
in  1845;  was  ordained  in  Alabama  in  1866;  after 
filling  important  positions  in  North  Alabama  came 
to  Arkansas  and  founded  the  Arkadelphia  Baptist 
High  School,  and  supplied  the  church  in  that  place 
two  years;  in  1879  traveled  as  State  evangelist; 
in  1880  began  the  publication  of  the  Baptist  Indix. 


SHAW 


1049 


SHEARDOWN 


Shaw,  Rev.  John,  was  bom  in  Scotland  in 
1796,  and  converted  there  in  1812;  emigrated  to 
Prince  Edward  Island  in  1819,  and  was  baptized 
there  by  Rev.  T.  S.  Harding  in  1832;  ordained  at 
Three  Rivers,  Oct.  14,  1832.  Mr.  Shaw  evangel- 
ized mnch,  and  with  great  success,  particularly  in 
Cape  Breton  Island.     He  died  June  4,  1879. 

Shaw  University. — This  school  had  its  origin 
in  the  formation  of  a  theological  class  of  freedmen 
ill  the  old  (Juion  Hotel,  now  the  National  Hotel, 
in  the  city  of  Raleigh,  N.  C,  Dec.  1,  ISfir),  and 
taught  by  Rev.  II.  M.  Tiipper,  of  Massachusetts, 
in  the  employ  of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mis- 
sion Society  of  New  York.  The  following  year  it 
was  removed  to  a  large  wooden  building,  corner 
of  Blount  and  Cabanas  Streets,  where  it  continued 
as  the  Raleigh  Institute  till  1870.  Some  2000  men, 
women,  and  children  were  enrolled  on  the  books 
of  the  institute  from  its  commencement.  In  1870 
the  Barringer  property  was  bouglit  for  $15,000. 
In  1872  the  Shaw  building  was  finished  and  fur- 
nished, at  a  cost  of  $1.'),0()0,  and  in  1874  the  Esty 
building,  a  school  f)r  girls,  was  completed,  at  a 
cost  of  $25,000.  Mr.  Shaw,  of  Wales,  Mass.,  from 
whom  the  school  is  named,  has  been  one  of  its 
largest  benefactors,  having  given  $8000  towards 
the  original  purchase,  and  the  erection  of  the  Shaw 
building.  Towards  the  erection  of  the  Esty  build- 
ing the  J.  Esty  Company,  of  Brattleboro',  Vt.,  gave 
$8000;  George  M.  Morse,  of  Putnam,  Conn.,  gave 
$2000;  $5000  were  raised  by  the  North  Carolina 
Jubilee  Singers,  and  various  persons  in  the  North 
gave  smaller  sums.  About  $3000  a  year  have  been 
spent  in  the  erection  and  furnishing  of  buildings 
since  1870,  from  money  saved  out  of  the  receipts  of 
the  school.  From  1870  to  1874  about  000  pupils 
attended,  and  the  school  was  known  as  the  Shaw 
Institute.  In  1875  the  school  was  incorporated  as 
the  Shaw  University.  In  1879  the  university  hall 
was  completed,  at  a  cost  of  about  $0000,  all  the 
money,  except  $650,  having  been  saved  from  tuition 
and  the  boarding  department.  The  number  of 
pupils  enrolled  from  1875  to  1880  is  900. 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  board  of  trustees  a 
separate  theological  course  was  established  for  ad- 
vanced students,  also  a  medical  department,  which 
will  go  into  effect  Nov.  1,  1881.  Funds  to  erect  a 
medical  dormitory,  and  also  a  necessary  medical 
building,  have  recently  been  received,  and  this  de- 
(lartinent  will  be  known  as  the  Leonard  Metiical 
School,  named  in  honor  of  the  largest  donors,  the 
Leonard  family,  of  which  family  Mrs.  Tupper,  the 
wife  of  the  president,  is  a  member. 

The  students  pay  annually,  for  board  and  tui- 
tion., about  $6000  in  cash  and  $2000  in  work. 

The  school  has  five  dejiartments, — normal,  scien- 
tific, collegiate,  theological,  and  medical. 
It  will  be  seen  that  the  property  has  cost  more 
67 


than  $70,000,  and  that  great  good  has  been  done, 
and  will  be  accomplished,  by  its  establishment, 
and  it  is  proper  to  say,  that  while  much  credit  is 
due  to  the  friends  who  have  so  generously  aided  it, 
its  success  is  still  more  largely  due  to  the  energy, 
business  talents,  faith,  and  perseverance  of  Rev.  H. 
M.  Tup|ier,  the  founder  and  j)rosident  of  the  uni- 
versity. 

The  students  in  1880,  of  both  sexes,  numbered 
277  ;  these  were  under  the  care  of  fifteen  instruc- 
tors. 

Sheardown,  Rev.  Thomas  Simpson,  w  as  born 

Nov.  4,  1791,  in  the  County  of  Lincoln,  England  ; 
baptized  in  the  fall  of  1812,  settled  in  the  United 
States,  October,  1820,  and  was  ordained  in  Decem- 
ber, 1828. 

The  field  occupied  by  this  eminent  servant  of 
Christ  was  in  Northern  Pennsylvania  and  South- 
ern New  York.  Almost  his  entire  ministry  was 
spent  on  horseback,  gathering  churches  in  new 
settlements.  Necessarily  such  a  field,  in  its  rough- 
ness and  great  privations,  involved  much  self-de- 
nial. But  rewards  follow  great  sacrifices,  and  are 
correspondingly  great.  Revival  succeeded  revival. 
Churches  wore  organized,  and  others  built  up. 
The  number  baptized  by  his  own  hands  exceeded 
1400,  while  many  others,  converted  under  his 
labors,  received  baptism  at  the  hands  of  pastors  in 
whose  churches  he  labored  as  an  evangelist.  With 
the  single  exception  of  the  Troy  church,  in  Brad- 
ford Co.,  Pa.,  he  never  settled  over  a  church  formed 
by  other  men's  labors.  His  public  life  covered 
more  than  half  a  century,  and,  to  the  very  last  of 
his  long  career,  both  old  and  young  were  deeply 
attached  to  him,  and  even  venerated  him.  His 
name  had  become  a  household  word  in  the  entire 
field  he  occupied,  and  Father  Sheardown's  advice 
almost  became  a  law. 

The  writer  well  remembers  the  earliest  and  the 
latest  impressions  made  upon  his  own  mind  in  lis- 
tening to  his  earnest  and  glowing  utterances. 
Traveling  from  Hamilton  Seminary,  N.  Y.,  into 
Pennsylvania,  during  a  vacation,  he  reached  the 
waters  of  Crooked  Oeek,  in  Tioga  Co.,  Pa.  Dusty, 
footsore,  and  discour.aged  beyond  measure,  he  halted 
at  a  country  house,  where  a  crowd  had  assembled 
in  the  afternoon  of  a  very  hot  day.  Father  Shear- 
down  was  preaching.  The  theme  of  his  sermon 
was  the  familiar  words,  "Christ  is  all  and  in  all." 
Never  can  he  forget  the  glow  of  his  countenance  as 
he  held  spellbound  his  rustic  congregation.  Every 
eye  seemed  suffused  with  tears.  The  writer  forgot 
dust,  heat,  soreness  of  feet,  and  discouragements  in 
the  entrancing  picture  he  drew  of  the  moral  worth 
of  (jhrist,  and  each  man's  need  of  such  a  Christ. 
Years  after,  on  his  dying  bed,  he  said  to  him,  "  Do 
you  recollect  the  sermon  you  preached  on  Crooked 
Creek  when  the  writer  was  but  a  boy?"     He  re- 


SHEDDEN 


1050 


SHELDON 


ferred  him  to  the  text.  ''  No  ;  not  the  sermon,"  he 
replied,  "but  the  tlieine.  Why,  that  supported  me 
long  before.  It  has  ever  since,  and  never  more  than 
nov^,  while  on  this  bed,  a  mere  wreck  on  the  shore 
of  time.  '  Christ  is  allP  Preach  it,  brother  !"  In 
such  a  spirit  lived  and  died  this  man  of  power  with 
,  God,  and  this  prince  among  preachers.  Let  the 
pulpits  continue  the  blessed  theme,  "Christ  is  all 
and  in  all." 

Shedden,  Capt.  James,  whose  memory  is  dear 
to  the  Baptists  of  Western  Pennsylvania,  was  born 
in  the  County  of  Derry,  Ireland,  April  27,  1833. 
He  belonged  to  a  Scotch-Irish  family  which  for 
generations  had  held  high  positions  in  the  British 
army.  His  father  having  removed  to  this  country, 
died  when  James  was  yet  young,  thus  throwing 
him  upon  his  own  resources.  His  early  years  were 
spent  in  the  unsettled  life  of  a  riverman,  and  yet 
amid  the  busy  scenes  of  steam  and  gunboat  service 
the  teachings  of  a  pious  mother  were  not  forgotten. 
In  later  and  more  settled  life  these  instructions 
resulted  in  his  conversion.  In  the  year  1873  he 
was  baptized,  and  entered  into  fellowship  with  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Sharpsburg,  Alleghany  Co., 
Pa. 

His  life  knew  no  idleness.  At  his  death  he  held 
various  offices, — deacon,  trustee,  church  clerk,  treas- 
urer, and  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath-school. 
In  the  Association  he  also  held  the  office  of  treas- 
urer and  assistant  clerk.  At  the  same  time  he  was 
honored  in  being  vice-president  and  a  director  of  the 
Pittsburgh  Baptist  Social  Union.  His  fellow-citi- 
zens also  honored  him  by  his  election  as  a  school 
director,  and  by  constituting  him  burgess  of  Etna 
Borough.  Capt.  Shedden  died  suddenly  Aug.  23, 
1878.  His  prayer  has  been  answered,  that  when  it 
should  please  the  Lord  to  take  him  into  rest  the 
community  might  be  all  the  better  for  his  having 
lived  among  them. 

SheiReld,  Eev.  Charles  Smith,  was  born  at 

Jewett  City,  New  London  Co.,  Conn.,  Oct.  13,  1833. 
He  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Butter- 
nuts Baptist  church,  Gilbertsville,  Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y., 
April  24,  1853;  prepared  for  college  at  Gilberts- 
ville Academy  and  Collegiate  Institute ;  entered 
the  Freshman  class  of  the  University  of  Rochester, 
Sept.  10,  1856,  and  graduated  July  II,  I860;  en- 
tered Rochester  Theological  Seminary,  Sept.  13, 
1860,  and  graduated  July  2,  1863 ;  received  a 
unanimous  call  from  the  church  at  Newfune, 
Niagara  Co.,  N.  Y.,  and  was  ordained  at  Newfanc, 
Oct.  1,  1863,  Rev.  E.  G.  Robinson,  P.D.,  LL.D., 
preaching  the  sermon.  December,  1806,  resigned 
the  pastorate  at  Newfane,  on  account  of  throat  dis- 
ease, and  in  the  following  spring  became  teacher  of 
natural  sciences  in  Bull'alo  Central  School,  ■where 
he  taught  aljout  four  and  a  half  j'cars.  In  August, 
1871,  removed  to  Kansas  City,  where  he  taught, 


with  an  interval  of  one  year,  for  a  period  of  seven 

years,  most  of  the  t»me  as  principal  of  the  Kansas 
City  High  School.  On  Julj-  1,  1878,  he  became 
superintendent  of  public  schools  at  Atchison,  Kan- 
sas, and  served  in  that  capacity  for  two  )'ears.  In 
August,  1880,  became  president  of  Pierce  City  Bap- 
tist College,  of  Pierce  City,  Mo.  Since  resigning 
the  pastorate  he  has  pj-eached  occasionally  for 
various  churches,  acting  as  pastor  of  the  Pleasant 
Grove  Baptist  church  from  January,  1874,  for  one 
year,  and  supplying  the  Ottawa  Baptist  church  for  < 
some  months. 

Sheldon,  CUsson  P.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Ber- 
nardstown,  Mass.,  May  9,  1813  ;  pursued  academic 
studies  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  until  compelled  by 
diseased  eyes  to  discontinue ;  ordained  pastor  at 
Whitesborough.  Oct.  21,  1836,  where  he  remained 
seven  years.  He  then  re-entered  Madison  Univer- 
sity, where  he  graduated  in  1846.  During  the 
year  1845  he  served  as  pastor  of  the  First  church, 
Hamilton,  N.  Y.  Upon  his  graduation  he  settled 
with  the  Niagara  Square  church,  Buffalo,  which  he 
served  until,  in  1854,  he  became  a  second  time 
pastor  in  Hamilton.  In  1856  he  accepted  a  call  to 
the  Fifth  Street  church,  Troy,  N.  Y.,  which  church 
he  served  nearly  twenty  years,  during  which  it 
grew  in  numbers  and  influence  until  it  has  become 
a  leading  church  in  the  State.  Nov.  1,  1875.  at 
the  request  of  the  Anierican  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Society,  he  closed  his  pastorate  at  Troy  and  became 
district  secretary  of  the  society  for  New  York  and 
Northern  New  Jersey. 

His  life  has  been  that  of  a  preacher  and  pastor. 
He  has  written,  however,  a  number  of  excellent 
articles  for  newspapers  and  reviews,  among  them 
an  "  Historical  Sketch  of  the  Baptist  Missi(mary 
Convention  of  the  State  of  New  York."  lie  has 
frequently  served  the  State  Convention  as  corre- 
sjjonding  secretary,  as  a  member  of  its  board,  and 
as  president.  He  has  baptized  762  persons.  He 
is  a  hard  worker  at  whatever  he  undertakes,  and  a 
man  of  fine  judgment.  He  is  eminently  qualified 
for  the  important  office  he  now  fills.  He  still  re- 
sides at  Troy,  and  is  honored  as  one  of  its  most 
worthy  citizens. 

Sheldon,  D.Henry,  was  born  in  Union  Village, 
Washington  Co..  N.  Y.,  in  March,  1830.  At  the 
!jge  of  fourteen  he  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  Prattskill  Baptist  church  of  that  place.  Dr. 
Isaac  Wescott  being  the  pastor.  In  the  beginning 
of  his  course  of  study  lie  was  prepared  at  Roches- 
ter for  AVest  Point,  but  that  purpose  having  been 
changed,  he  removed  to  Racine,  Wis.,  in  1849, 
Avhere  he  went  into  business.  Still  having  his 
mind  upon  study,  he  returned  to  Rochester  in 
1854.  and  entering  the  Sopliomore  class  in  the 
university,  graduated  in  1857.  Having  chosen  a 
business  career,  he  went  first  to  St.  Louis,  where 


SH ELTON 


1051 


SH ELTON 


he  was  engaged  in  successful  pursuits  of  that 
nature  until  1801.  At  tliat  date  he  removed  to 
Chicago,  wliich  has  since  l)(!cn  his  home.  Mr. 
Sheldon  was  one  of  the  first  to  enlist  in  the  work 
of  fouiuliiig  a  theological  seminary  at  ('liicago,  was 
one  of  the  earliest  ciiosen  on  the  board  of  trustees, 
and  during  tiie  whole  history  of  the  institution  has 
been  one  of  its  induential,  generous,  and  judicious 
friends.  Ilis  donations  in  money  have  amounted 
to  $1U,000  ;  besides  which  he  gave  §20,000  more  in 
property.  In  other  relatiims  Mr.  Sheldon  has  been 
known  during  his  residence  in  Chicago  as  a  devout 
•Christian  and  the  zealous  friend  of  every  good 
cause. 

Shelton  College  is  located  at  St.  Albans,  in 
Kanawha  Co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  and 
Ohio  Railroad.  Steps  preliminary  to  its  establish- 
ment were  taken  by  th.e  Teays'  Valley  and  Guyan- 
dotte  Associations  in  1S71.  It  was  first  called 
•Coalsmoutii  High  School.  Rev.  J.  C.  Rice  was  the 
first  president,  and  Rev.  B.  Cade  the  first  financial 
agent.  Rev.  P.  B.  Reynolds  was  elected  principal 
•of  the  school  in  1872.  A  building  for  the  institu- 
tion was  begun  in  1873,  and  the  first  regular  ses- 
sion of  the  school  commenced  Oct.  1,  1875.  An 
■effort  was  made  in  1876  to  raise  an  endowment  of 
$50,000,  and  Rev.  W.  P.  Walker  acted  as  agent, 
but  owing  to  the  stringency  of  the  times  and  other 
■causes  the  effort  had  to  be  abandoned  after  securing 
$4000  or  §5000. 

In  consideration  of  gifts  by  Mr.  T.  M.  Shelton, 
amounting  to  about  §10,000,  tiio  name  was  changed 
to  Shelton  College.  The  institution  owns  property 
worth  from  $15,000  to  $20,000,  and  after  a  hard 
struggle  of  ten  years  is  nearly  out  of  debt,  and 
ready  to  begin  the  work  for  which  it  was  estab- 
lished. 

The  course  of  instruction  in  the  college  comprises 
mathematics,  modern  and  ancient  languages,  and 
■sciences.  Each  department  is  a  distinct,  complete 
school  in  itself,  under  a  competent  head,  with 
necessary  assistants.  There  is  also  a  practical  Bib- 
lical course  for  the  special  benefit  of  theological 
students.  A  number  of  very  useful  young  preach- 
ers have  been  educated  at  this  school. 

Shelton,  William,  D.D.,  son  of  James  and 
Xancy  Shelton,  was  born  in  Smith  Co.,  Tenn., 
July  -1,  1824.  In  his  youth  he  attended  the  com- 
mon schools  of  the  country,  in  the  vicinity  of.  his 
home,  until  he  acquired  the  rudiments  of  a  comnion- 
school  education.  In  tlie  fourteenth  year  of  his 
age  he  entered  a  high  .school,  then  taught  at  Big 
Spring,  Wilson  Co.,  Tenn.,  where  he  commenced 
the  study  of  Latin,  Greek,  and  mathematics. 

In  his  seventeenth  year  he  entered  the  Junior 
class  of  the  University  of  Nashville.  While  a 
student  in  that  institution  he  made  a  profession 
of  religion,  and  joined  the  First  Baptist  church  of 


Nashville,  and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  R.  B.  C. 
Howell,  1).D.,  then  pastor  of  the  church,  and  was 
soon  afterwards  licensed  to  preach.  In  1843  lie 
graduated  from  the  University  of  Nashville,  in  his 
nineteenth  year.  He  next  became  a  student,  in 
1844,  in  the  theological  department  of  Madison 
University,  N.  Y.,  from  which  he  graduated  in 
1846. 

Immediately  after  his  graduation  he  was  called 
to  the  pastoral  care  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Clarks- 
ville,  Tenn.  Having  accepted  the  call,  he  was  or- 
dained to  the  work  of  the  gospel  ministry  ;  the 
Presbytery  consisting  of  Rev.  R.  B.  C.  Howell, 
D.D.,  Rev.  Samuel  Baker,  D.D.,  Rev.  Reuben 
Ross,  Rev.  Robert  Williams,  and  Rev.  R.  W. 
Ni.Kon. 

In  1850  he  i-esigned  the  care  of  the  church  in 
Clarksville,  and  accepted  the  professorship  of 
Greek  and  Theology  in  Union  University,  Mur- 
freesborough,  Tenn. 

In  1851  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  that  place,  performing  the  double  work 
of  pastor  and  teacher.  He  continued  in  these  posi- 
tions till  1855,  when  he  was  offered  the  presi- 
dency of  Brownsville  Female  College,  and  was 
called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  in  that 
place.  Having  accepted  these  offices  he  removed, 
and  entered  upon  his  work.  Under  his  pastoral 
care  the  church  was  greatly  enlarged  and  strength- 
ened, and  under  his  administration  the  college 
grew  to  be  one  of  the  largest  and  most  flourishing 
schools  of  the  South  up  to  the  civil  war. 

Immediately  after  the  close  of  the  war  he  was 
elected  president  of  West  Tennessee  College,  Jack- 
son, Tenn.  Having  accepted  the  position,  he  re- 
moved with  his  family  to  that  city.  He  succeeded 
during  the  four  following  years  in  liuilding  up 
that  institution  to  a  high  degree  of  efficiency  and 
success.  In  1869  he  resigned  the  presidency  of 
West  Tennessee  College.  In  1873  he  became 
financial  agent  and  Professor-elect  of  Moral  and 
Intellectual  Philosophy  in  the  University  of  Nash- 
ville. 

At  the  organization  of  the  Southwestern  Baptist 
University,  in  1876,  he  was  elected  its  first  presi- 
dent. 

In  1878  he  was  elected  president  of  Ewing  Col- 
lege, HI.,  and  has  succeeded  in  imparting  to  it  a 
high  degree  of  prosperity.  His  home  is  still  near 
Nashville,  Tenn.,  si.x  miles  from  the  city. 

Dr.  Shelton  is  regarded  as  a  fine  educator,  and  a 
good  and  useful  preacher,  as  was  demonstrated  ir. 
his  pastorate  at  Brownsville,  Tenn.,  when  large  ac- 
cessions were  made  to  the  church.  At  one  pro- 
tracted meeting,  in  which  the  writer  assisted,  be- 
tween sixty  and  seventy  were  added.  His  son, 
Wm.  Shelton,  Jr.,  has  entered  upon  the  ministry, 
and  bids  fair  to  make  a  useful  preacher. 


SHEPARD 


1052 


SHEPPARD 


Shepard,  Rev.  Samuel,  M.D.,  was  bom  in 

Salisbury,  Mass.,  June  22,  1739.  He  studied  medi- 
cine, and  practised  his  profession  at  Brentwood, 
N.  II.,  and  rose  to  distinction  as  a  physician.  The 
perusal  of  "  Norcott  on  Baptism"  led  to  a  change 
of  sentiments,  and  he  left  the  Congregational 
Church  and  connected  himself  with  the  Baptists. 
Rev.  Ilezekiah  Smith,  of  Haverhill,  baptized  him 
in  June,  1770,  and,  soon  after  his  public  profession 
of  faith  in  Christ,  he  began  to  preach.  Within  a 
year  three  small  churches  were  formed  in  three 
different  but  neighboring  towns,  and  he  was  in- 
vited to  take  the  pastoral  oversight  of  them.  The 
number  of  members  in  the  three  churches  was 
small.  Dr.  Shepard  accepted  the  invitation,  and 
was  ordained  at  Stratham,  N.  H.,  Sept.  25,  1771. 
Blessed  with  a  good  physical  constitution,  and 
more  than  ordinary  intellectual  ability,  he  was 
able  to  accomplish  a  large  amoiint  of  ministerial 
work,  and  was  instrumental  in  advancing  the  in- 
terests of  religion  over  a  wide  extent  of  country. 
In  the  double  office  of  minister  and  physician,  he 
came  in  contact  with  a  large  number  of  families, 
and,  literally,  looked  after  the  cure  of  both  soul 
and  body.  As  illustrating  the  character  of  his 
work,  and  the  success  which  followed  his  labors, 
we  quote  an  extract  found  in  Sprague's  "  Annals," 
from  a  letter  written  by  Dr.  Shepard  to  Rev.  Isaac 
Backus  in  1781 : 

"  Some  hundreds  of  souls  are  hopefully  con- 
verted in  the  counties  of  Rockingham,  Strafford, 
and  Grafton,  in  New  Hampshire,  within  a  year 
past.  In  the  last  journey  I  made  before  my  be- 
loved wife  was  taken  from  me,  I  baptized  seventy- 
two  men,  women,  and  some  that  may  properly  be 
called  children,  who  confessed  with  their  mouths 
the  salvation  God  had  wrought  in  their  hearts  to 
good  satisfaction.  I  baptized  forty-three  in  the 
town  of  Meredith  in  one  day,  and  such  a  solemn 
weeping  of  the  multitude  on  the  shore  I  never 
before  saw.  The  ordinance  of  baptism  appeared 
to  carry  universal  eonvictioa  through  them,  even 
to  a  man."  He  then  goes  on  to  describe  the  great 
blessing  which  had  followed  the  outpouring  of  the 
Spirit  in  different  towns  in  New  Hampshire,  and 
the  glorious  results  in  the  formation  of  seven  Bap- 
tist churches  within  a  period  of  about  one  year,  and 
closes  by  saying,  "  There  appears  to  be  a  general 
increase  of  the  Baptist  principles  through  all  the 
eastern  parts  of  New  England." 

Dr.  Shepard  was  a  man  of  rare  executive  abil- 
ity, and  adoi)ted  a  plan  with  reference  to  churches 
gathered  in  a  sparsely  settled  country  worthy  of 
in'iitation  in  sections  similarly  situated.  Ilis  own 
home  was  where  he  commenced  his  professional  life 
as  a  physician, — Brentwood.  Of  the  Baptist  church 
in  this  place  he  was  the  pastor,  and  had  the  over- 
sight of  several  other  churches  which  were  branches 


of  the  Brentwood  church.  In  the  Ijest  sense  of  the 
word  he  was  a  bishop  without  Episcopal  consecra- 
tion. We  are  told  that  "  in  his  active  days  he  was 
accustomed  to  visit  all  these  churches,  making  a 
circuit  of  about  two  hundred  miles;  and  they  all 
looked  up  to  him  with  grateful  and  reverential 
regard." 

Dr.  Shepard  was  the  author  of  several  works, 
which  had  considerable  circulation  at  the  time  of 
their  publication.  These  were  "  A  Scriptural  In- 
quiry respecting  the  Ordinance  of  Water  Bap- 
tism," "  A  Reply  to  Several  Answers  in  Defense 
of  this  Inquiry,"  "  A  Scriptural  Inquiry  concern- 
ing what  the  Friends  or  Quakers  call  Spiritual 
Baptism,  being  an  Answer  to  a  Work  published  by 
Moses  Brown,  of  Providence,  R.  I.,"  "The  Princi- 
ple of  Universal  Salvation  examined  and  tried  by 
the  Law  and  the  Testimony,"  "  An  Examination 
of  Elias  Smith's  two  Pamphlets,  respecting  Original 
Sin,  the  Death  Adam  was  to  die  the  Day  he  eat 
of  the  Forbidden  Fruit,  and  thejinal  Annihilation 
of  the  Wicked." 

•  In  Sprague's  "Annals"  we  find  one  or  two  inci- 
dents which  are  worth  preserving,  as  illustrative 
of  the  character  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  :  "  He 
was  a  man  of  extraordinary  presence,  and  could 
almost  by  a  look  exert  great  power  over  other 
minds.  On  one  occasion  he  was  called  to  visit  a 
suffering  woman,  a, member  of  his  church,  whose 
husband,  wealthy  but  penurious,  did  not  allow  his 
family  necessary  comforts.  After  calling  for  dif- 
ferent things,  and  being  told  there  were  none  in 
the  house,  Dr.  Shepard  rose  upon  his  feet,  indig- 
nantly stamped  upon  the  floor,  and  said,  "  Jlr. . 

do  you  go  at  once  and  tackle  your  horse,  and  pur- 
chase the  articles,  and  a  tea-kettle."  The  man 
started  as  if  electrified  with  terror,  and  obeyed  the 
command,  to  the  great  comfort  of  his  sick  wife. 

'No  man  in  the  history  of  the  Baptist  denomina- 
tion in  New  Hampshire  stands  out  more  promi- 
nently to  our  view  than  Dr.  Shepard.  His  death 
occurred  at  Brentwood,  Nov.  4,  1815. 

Sheppard,  Rev.  Joseph,  was  born  in  Green- 
wich, N.  J.,  Jan.  9,  1786.  He  was  the  son  of  a  re- 
spectable farmer.  At  the  age  of*  eighteen  he  at- 
tended Dr.  Staughton's  school  at  Burlington.  He 
united  with  the  Burlington  church  May  1,  1804, 
was  licensed  to  preach  May  4,  1805,  and,  after 
studying  a  little  longer  with  Dr.  Staughton,  he  en- 
tered tihe  University  of  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
graduated  in  1808.  He  was  ordained  pastor  at 
Salem,  N.  J.,  April  19,  1809,  by  Wm.  Staughton. 
D.D.,  Wm.  Rogers,  D.D.,  and  Rev.  Henry  Smalley. 
He  labored  hard  and  successfully  there  for  more 
than  twenty  years,  baptizing  many.  In  1829  he 
became  pastor  at  Mount  Holly ;  he  also  supplied 
jNIarlton  every  third  Sabbath,  and  taught  a  private 
school.     Six   years    of  this  work  wore    upon  his 


SHERMER 


1053 


SHERWOOD 


health,  and  he  was  obliged  to  give  up  the  pastor- 
ate, but  he  supplied  churches  as  his  strength  per- 
mitted, and  engaged  in  evangelistic  labor.  On 
Dec.  9,  183S,  he  preached  at  Peinherton  three 
times,  and  walked  several  miles  visiting  the  sick. 
On  Tuesday  he  reached  his  home,  and  was  taken 
with  apoplexy,  from  which  he  died  on  Thursday. 
Preaching  was  his  delight,  and  he  was  very  fond 
of  instructing  youth.  He  was  faithful,  kind,  and 
lielovcd. 

Shermer,  Rev.  Henry  B.,  was  a  native  of 

Philadelphia,  Pa.,  who  graduated  at  Madison  Uni- 
versity in  1850,  and  from  Rochester  Theological 
Seminary  in  1852.  He  went  as  a  missionary  to  the 
Bassa  tribe  in  Africa  in  1852,  but  fell  a  victim  to 
the  African  fever,  and  was  obliged  to  return  to  this 
country  in  1854.  Though  in  broken  health,  he 
served  the  church  at  Newton,  N.  J.,  for  four  years, 
And  at  Schooley's  Mountain,  N.  J.,  for  five  years. 
He  died  in  triumph  there  on  March  22,  1869. 

Sherwood,  Adiel,  D.D.,  a  most  distinguished 
minister  and  educator,  a  mau  of  remarkable  [»iety. 


AniEI.    SHERWOOD,   D.D. 

^eal,  humility,  and  learning,  was  born  at  Fort  Ed- 
ward, N.  Y.,  Oct.  3,  1791.  -He  died  at  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  Aug.  18,  1879,  when  he  had  nearly  completed 
liis  eighty-eighth  year.  His  father  was  a  member  of 
the  New  York  Legislature,  a  Revolutionary  soldier, 
and  i\  personal  friend  of  Gen.  AV'ashington,  whom 
he  had  the  pleasure  of  entertaining  twice  after  in- 
dependence was  secured. 

Adiel  Sherwood  studied  three  years  in  Jliddlo- 
bury  College,  and  then,  after  an  honorable  dismissal, 


entered  Union  College,  Schenectady,  in  1816,  and 
was  graduated  in  1817.  The  following  fall  he  en- 
tered Andover  Theological  Seminary,  remaining 
one  year.  He  then  went  to  Georgia  for  his  health, 
where  he  resided  for  many  years,  taking  his  place 
side  by  side  with  Abram  Marshall,  Jesse  Mercer, 
Henry  Ilolcombe,  William  T.  Brantly,  Sr.,  Gov. 
Rabun,  Charles  J.  Jenkins,  Gov.  Lumpkin,  Thomas 
Stocks,  li.  M.  Sanders,  and  a  host  of  others  who 
built  up  the  Baptist  denomination  in  that  State 
and  gave  it  tone  and  direction.  Entering  at  once 
upon  evangelistic  labors,  he  became  one  of  the 
foremost  workers  in  the  State.  In  1820  he,  through 
the  clerk,  offered  a  resolution  which  led  to  the  for- 
mation of  the  Georgia  Baptist  Convention  in  1822. 
In  1823  he  attended  the  Triennial  Convention,  in 
Washington  City,  and  introduced  a  resolution  urg- 
ing all  the  States  to  form  Conventions,  which  was 
accomplished  in  a  few  years.  He  was,  also,  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  American  and  Foreign  Bible 
Society. 

His  pastorates  in  Georgia  were  many,  his  first 
being  that  of  Bethlehem,  near  Lexington.  It  was 
at  the  request  of  the  Bethlehem  church  that  he  was 
ordained  in  March,  1820,  at  Bethesda,  Greene  Co.. 
Mercer,  Reeves,  Roberts,  and  Matthews  forming 
the  Presbytery.  Afterwards,  during  a  period  of 
many  years,  extending  to  1865,  most  of  which  time 
was  spent  in  Georgia,  he  was  the  pastor  of  many 
churches  in  the  State,  a  mere  list  only  of  which  can 
be  given :  Freeman's  Creek,  Clarke  Co. :  Greens- 
borough  from  May  1821  to  1832  or  1833,  which 
church  he  and  Jesse  Mercer  organized  ;  New  Hope, 
Greene  Co. ;  Eatonton  from  1827  to  1837  ;  Milledge- 
ville.  1827  to  1834;  Macon,  1829  ;  Monticello,  1829  -. 
Indian  Creek,  1831-33;  Penfield,  1839;  Bethesda, 
Griffin,  Greenville,  and  others. 

In  1827  he  took  charge  of  the  academy  in  Eaton- 
ton,  Ga.,  becoming  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
also;  and  in  that  year  a  most  memorable  revival 
commenced  at  Eatonton,  spread  all  over  the  State, 
and  resulted  in  the  conversion  atul  baptism  of  many 
thousands,  during  the  two  years  it  lasted.  The 
numbers  may  be  surmised  when  it  is  stated,  in  his 
own  records,  that  16,000  persons  were  baptized  in 
three  Associations  only.  His  labors  may  be  com- 
puted when  it  is  stated  that,  besides  all  his  other 
official  and  ministerial  labors,  he  preached,  during 
1828,  333  sermons,  in  as  many  as  forty  counties.  At 
the  session  of  the  Georgia  Baptist  Convention,  in 
1831,  he  offered  the  resolution  in  favor  of  a  theo- 
logical institution,  that  resulted  in  the  establish- 
ment of  Mercer  Institute,  which,  finally,  merged 
into  Mercer  University.  He  himself  had  a  small 
theological  school  at  Eatonton  in  1831,  and  in  1832 
opened  a  manual  labor  school,  but  discontinued  it 
in  January,  1833,  when  Mercer  Institute  was  es- 
tablished at  Penfield. 


SHIRLEY 


1054 


SHORTER 


Elected  a  professor  in  Columbian  College,  AVash- 
ington,  D.  C,  he  spent  1837  and  1838  in  Washing- 
ton, but  returned  to  Georgia  to  accept  the  profes- 
sorship of  Sacred  Literature  in  .jMercer  University, 
in  which  institution  he  spent  1839,  1840,  and  1841. 
lie  was  then  elected  president  of  Shurtleff  College, 
Alton,  III.,  where  he  remained  for  years.  During 
1846  and  1847  he  served  as  secretary  of  the  Ameri- 
can Baptist  Indian  Missionary  Society,  and  during 
1848  and  1849  he  was  president  of  the  Masonic 
College,  Lexington,  Mo.  He  then  accepted  the 
charge  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Cape  Girardeau, 
Mo.,  where  he  remained  until  1857,  when,  on  ac- 
count of  rheumatism,  he  returned  to  Georgia,  and 
liecame  the  president  of  Marshall  College,  Grif- 
fin. This  position  he  filled,  while  serving  various 
churches,  until  the  war  commenced.  After  the 
war,  in  18G5,  he  returned  to  Missouri,  where  he 
resided  until  his  death,  on  Aug.  18,  1879,  preaching 
constantly. 

To  Dr.  Sherwood  much  of  the  credit  is  due  for 
the  high  position  in  point,  both  of  numbers  and  in- 
telligence attained  by  the  Georgia  Baptists.  He 
was  learned  and  eloquent,  an  earnest  and  incessant 
worker,  wise  and  prudent,  and  an  able  financier. 
He  did  much  to  elevate  the  standard  of  education 
in  Georgia ;  he  strenuously  promoted  unity  of 
action  in  the  denomination  ;  his  missionary  zeal 
was  second  to  that  of  none  ;  and  when  the  anti- 
missionary  and  antinomian  spirit  aroused  such 
bitter  dissension  in  the  State,  from  1827  to  1837, 
ending  in  division,  he  stood  side  by  side  with  those 
who  rolled  back  the  tide  and  made  Georgia  what 
she  has  been  nearly  ever  since, — the  banner  mis- 
sion State  of  the  South. 

All  his  life  Dr.  Sherwood  was  an  indefatigable 
•writer,  and  his  articles  and  sermons  have  appeared 
in  nearly  every  Baptist  paper  in  the  country.  His 
"  Gazetteer  of  Georgia"  is  a  valuable  book,  and  so  is 
his  "  Christian  and  Jewish  Churches,"  but  his  most 
important  work  is  his  "  Notes  on  the  New  Testa- 
ment," written  almost  entirely  while  confined  to  his 
bed  by  rheumatism.  In  his  preaching  he  was  S3's- 
tematic  and  concise,  and  in  his  young  days  very 
vehement  and  impressive.  His  character  was  alto- 
gether above  reproach,  and  his  spirit  much  resem- 
bled that  of  the  Master  he  served.  In  appearance 
he  was  tall  and  commanding,  with  noble  and  digni- 
fied features. 

Shirley,  Rev.  Philemon  Perry,  was  born  Dec. 
16,  1827,  in  Hancock  Co.,  Ind.  He  was  converted 
and  baptized  in  1840.  In  1841  his  parents  removed 
to  Iowa.  His  mother  died  in  1848.  Thirsting  for 
knowledge,  he  left  home  at  the  age  of  twenty-one, 
without  money  or  helper,  and  studied,  taught,  and 
preached  for  four  years  among  the  destitute.  With 
a  fair  knowledge  of  natural  sciences  he  entered 
Madison  University,  N.  Y.,  and  in  1854  became 


pastor  at  Grafton,  where  he  was  ordained.  A  year 
later  he  returned  to  Iowa,  and  labored  in  that  State 
and  in  Illinois,  preaching  for  many  of  the  impor- 
tant churches,  partly  as  a  pastor,  and  n)uch  of  the 
time  as  an  evangelist,  helping  other  pastors.  He 
has  baptized  about  1000  converts,  and  seen  many 
others  baptized  by  their  pastors,  with  whom  he  has 
labored.  In  1879  he  reuroved  with  his  family  to 
California,  and  became  pastor  of  the  church  at 
Petal uma  ;  but  poor  health  prevents  his  continuous 
work  in  the  pulpit.  He  is  sympathetic,  genial,  jind 
eloquent  whenever  he  is  able  to  plead  with  men, 
in  the  pulpit,  for  the  gospel  of  Christ. 

Shorter,  Alfred,  the  son  of  Jacob  Shorter  and 
Adelpha  Bankston,  was  born  in  Wilkes  Co.,  Ga., 
on  the  23d  of  November,  1803.  During  his  infancy 
he  lost  his  mother,  and  before  he  reached  the  age 
of  manhood  he  was  made  an  orphan  by  the  death 
of  his  father.  At  sixteen  he  found  employment  as 
a  clerk  in  Monticello,  Jasper  Co.,  and  developed 
such  extraordinai-y  business  quitlifications  that,  be- 
sides gaining  the  respect  and  confidence  of  the- 
communit}'',  he  became,  at  the  age  of  thirty,  one 
of  the  substantial  men  of  the  town,  noted  for  his 
honor  and  strict  integrity.  About  that  time  he  was 
fortunate  enough  to  secure  the  afi'ections  of  one- 
of  the  most  beautiful  and  charming  ladies  of  the 
State,  Mrs.  Martha  Baldwin,  who  became  his  wife. 
In  1837  he  removed  to  Rome,  Ga.,  where  he  has 
resided  to  the  present  time,  amassing  a  fortune 
sufficient  to  class  him  among  the  most  wealthy  men 
of  his  State.  For  the  past  fifty  years  he  has  been 
a  Baptist,  ever  most  liberal  in  his  contributions  to- 
charitable  institutions  and  benevolent  objects.  In 
1877  he  founded  the  Shorter  College,  of  Rome,. 
Ga.,  and  presented  it  as  "  a  gift  to  our  daughters," 
— a  deed  accompanied  by  a  degree  of  enlightened 
liberality  which  places  him  among  the  great  bene- 
factors of  the  day.  jNIr.  Shorter  is  a  gentleman  of 
modesty,  acknowledged  piety,  and  great  generosity. 
Since  the  death  of  his  wife,  which  occurred  in 
1877,  he  has  lived  quietly  and  alone  at  his  retired 
but  elegant  mansion  near  the  city  of  Rome,  Ga. 

Shorter  College. — This  Baptist  institution  of 
learning  for  young  ladies,  at  Rome,  Ga.,  was  organ- 
ized as  the  Cherokee  Baptist  Female  College,  in 
October,  1873.  In  1877  the  property  was  trans- 
feared  to  Alfred  Shorter,  whose  name  the  college 
now  bears.  He  paid  its  debts,  demolished  the  old 
buildings,  and  erected  others  larger  and  far  more 
elegant.  After  their  completion  he  selected  a  board 
of  trustees,  to  whom  he  committed  the  property  in 
trust  for  the  daughters  of  the  land.  The  buildings 
stand  upon  an  eminence,  and  command  views  of 
charming  landscapes  in  all  directions.  The  grounds 
have  been  laid  out  in  beautiful  walks  and  carriage- 
drives,  and  have  been  artistically  terraced.  The 
entire  premises  are  inclosed  by  a  beautiful  ironi 


J 


SHORTER 


1055 


SHORTER 


railing.  Tho  ])iiil(]iii!;.s  tliomselves  arc  magnificent 
structures  of  brick,  of  the  latest  and  most  approved 
style  of  architecture,  and  elaborately  finished.  The 
memorial  chapel,  with  its  windows  of  stained  glass, 
and  its  walls  and  ceiling  superbly  adorned  with 
fresco-paintings,  has  been  {)ronounccd  the  most 
elegantly  finished  room  in  tlie  Southern  States. 

Pennitigton  Hall,  the  principal  boarding-house, 
a  fire-proof  brick  edifice,  four  stories  high,  crowns 
the  summit  of  the  beautifully  terraced  hill.  Its 
large  apartments  arc  all  neatly  finished  and  thor- 
oughly warmed  and  ventilated,  and  are  supplied 
with  everything  necessary  for  tho  convenience  and 
comfort  of  the  inmates.  The  buildings  are  all  sup- 
plied with  gas-pipes  and  steam-pipes,  which  are 
used  for  lighting  and  heating  the  various  apart- 
ments. The  institution  is  furnished  with  an  ex- 
cellent chemical  and  philosophical  apparatus,  and 
with  a  cabinet  of  minerals  and  fossils. 

Though  young  in  years.  Shorter  College  is  already 
known  throughout  the  land  as  one  of  the  best  pub- 
lic institutions  of  learning  in  the  country,  and  is 
classed  with  the  first  colleges  for  females  in  Amer- 
ica. It  is  a  noble  monument  of  the  munificent 
liberality  and  enlightened  zeal  in  the  cause  of  ed- 
ucation of  him  whose  name  it  bears,  and  whose 
donations,  to  the  extent  of  more  than  a  hundred 
thousand  dollars,  have  made  him  one  of  the  great- 
est benefactors  of  Georgia. 

Shorter,  Col.  Eli,  was  a  leading  lawyer,  a  man 
of  the  first  order  of  culture,  a  memljer  of  the  United 
States  Congress  before  the  war,  colonel  of  a  Con- 
federate regiment  during  the  war,  and  prominently 
connected  with  Alabama  politics  since.  Col.  Shorter 
was  an  orator  of  a  high  order,  and  every  way  a  bril- 
liant man.  lie  was  a  brother  of  the  late  Gov. 
Shorter,  of  Alabama,  and  otherwise  honorably  con- 
nected in  family  relations.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Eufaula  church,  and  an  officer  of  the  Alabama 
Baptist  Convention.     He  died  in  1878. 

Shorter,  Gov.  John  GUI,  was  born  in  Jasper 
Co.,  Ga.,  in  181S,  and  graduated  at  the  university 
of  that  State  in  1837.  His  father  having  pre- 
viously removed  to  Eufaula,  Ala.,  the  son  followed, 
and  began  the  practice  of  the  law.  In  1842  he  was 
appointed  State's  attorney  for  a  circuit  composed 
of  nine  counties.  In  1845  he  was  elected  to  the 
senate,  and  in  1851  to  the  house.  In  1852  he  was 
appointed  by  the  governor  circuit  judge.  The  ap- 
pointment was  ratified  by  the  people,  and  Judge 
Shorter  continued  on  the  bench  nine  years.  He 
was  an  able  and  upright  judge,  administering  the 
law  feiirlessly  and  impartially,  exerting  a  healthful 
influence  on  the  bar,  and  creating  by  his  charges  to 
th.e  grand  juries  and  intercourse  with  the  people,  a 
sound  public  opinion.  The  law  in  Alabama  then 
required  alternation  of  circuits,  and  Judge  Shorter 
became  the  most  popular  man  in  the  State. 


When  the  troubles  between  the  North  and  the 
South  began,  he  was  appointed  commissioner  from 
Alabama  to  Georgia,  and  in  1801  was  appointed  by 
the  Convention  a  deputy  in  the  Provincial  Confod- 


Gov.  JOHN  gii.Ij  shorter. 

erate  Congress.  He  was  then  elected  governor,  and 
served  with  ability  for  two  years.  AVhen  he  re- 
tired from  public  life  he  resumed  the  practice  of 
the  law,  and  continued  in  it  until  May  29,  1872, 
when  he  died,  his  last  words  being 

" '  To  Cannan's  fair  and  happy  land, 
Wlierc  my  possessions  lie,' 

I  want  to  be  off." 

Gov.  Shorter  was  a  deacon  in  the  Baptist  church 
at  Eufaula,  the  moderator  of  his  Association,  a  lib- 
eral contributor  to  all  benevolent  enterprises,  and 
universally  beloved  as  a  man  of  God. 

The  death-bed  of  this  Christian  lawyer,  patriot, 
and  statesman  bore  clear  testimony  to  the  truth 
and  comforts  of  the  religion  of  Jesus.  It  was  il- 
lumined by  celestial  radiance.  The  atonement  of 
Christ  was  the  basal  truth  of  his  religious  creed. 
Repeatedly,  in  his  last  days,  he  said,  "  I  have  no 
fear,  nor  doubt,  nor  anxiety,  none  whatever.  The 
atonement  of  Christ,  oh,  it  is  a  rock,  a  refuge!" 
AV'ith  undimmed  faith,  he  said,  "There  is  a  truth 
in  religion  ;  it  is  all  true ;  and  a  power  in  the 
atonement  of  Christ.  It  is  a  reality,  a  glorious 
reality.  As  sure  as  the  sun  shines,  so  sure  is  my 
faith  in  the  plan  of  redemption  and  in  the  atone- 
ment of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  which  will  stand 
firm  as  the  everlasting  hills." 


SHOUSE 


1056 


SHUEY 


Shouse,  Daniel  Lewis,  was  born  in  Shelby  Co., 
Ky.,  April  5,  1827.  He  left  his  father's  home  at 
nineteen  years  of  age,  and  taught  a  district  school. 
Hetaughtalsoin  Shelby  Co.,  Ky.  He  united  with  the 
Baptist  church  in  Fisherville,  Ky.,  and  engaged  in 
business.  He  became  active  in  the  Sabbath-school, 
the  chief  work  of  his  life.  In  1855  he  removed  to 
Missouri,  and  became  a  resident  of  Kansas  City, 
where  he  lived  until  his  death.  At  first  he  was  a 
merchant,  then  cashier  of  the  Mechanics'  Bank  for 
several  years,  till  he  organized  the  Kansas  City 
National  Bank,  of  which  he  was  cashier  till  he 
died.  He  was  a  power  in  advancing  the  growth 
of  the  city,  its  banks,  schools,  and  churches.  His 
church,  the  Baptist,  owes  much  to  his  toils,  prayers, 
and  gifts.  The  Baptist  college  at  Liberty,  the  Gen- 
eral Association,  and  the  Sabbath-School  State  Con- 
vention, of  which  he  was  so  long  the  efficient  secre- 
tary, all  were  aided  in  no  ordinary  degree  by  him. 
For  years  he  was  the  efficient  and  4oved  superin- 
tendent of  the  Sabbath-school  in  Kansas  City. 
By  the  advice  of  his  physician  he  gave  up  its  care. 
In  peace  and  war  he  was  with  it,  and  it  was  the 
largest  and  best  in  the  city.  In  his  last  days  he 
was  patient,  waiting  for  the  Master's  call.  He  was 
cheerful  and  hopeful  in  the  darkest  hour.  Rarely 
has  a  death  produced  such  a  feeling  in  the  commu- 
nity as  Mr.  Shouse's.  The  influence  is  still  felt. 
Rarely  is  a  man  so  sincerely  and  universally  hon- 
ored and  loved  by  man,  woman,  and  child.  Truly 
"  a  good  name  is  rather  to  be  chosen  than  great 
riches." 

Shreveport  University,  Shreveport,  La.— In 

1870  an  association  of  gentlemen  at  Shreveport 
purchased  the  Helm  School  property,  with  seventy 
acres  of  land  attached,  in  the  suburbs  of  the  city, 
intending  to  develop  the  value  of  the  property, 
and  devote  the  proceeds  to  the  establishment  of  a 
university.  A  company  was  organized  to  extend 
the  street  railroad  to  'the  property.  An  arrange- 
ment was  made  with  the  Southern  Life  Insurance 
Company  by  whicb  policiesvwere  to  be  taken  in 
favor  of  the  university,  and  the  insurance  com- 
pany advanced  money  to  put  up  buildings.  A 
large  brick  edifice  was  erected,  and  nearly  com- 
pleted. The  school  was  opened  in  1871,  under 
Rev.  M.  S.  Shirk.  In  1872,  Rev.  W.  E.  Paxton 
was  elected  president.  But  in  1873  the  city  was 
ravaged  by  yellow  fever,  succeeded  by  a  financial 
panic.  The  insurance  company  failed,  the  prop- 
erty depreciated,  and  a  collapse  was  the  result. 

Shuck,  Rev.  J.  Lewis,  was  born  at  Alexiindria, 
Va.,  Sept.  4,  1812.  In  early  life  he  became  a 
Christian.  He  was  ordained  in  1835,  and  at  once 
went  as  a  missionary  to  China,  sent  by  the  Tri- 
ennial Convention.  In  1837  he  baptized  his  first 
convert  at  Macao.  In  1S40  the  agent  from  whom 
he  received  support  failed.      lie  removed  to  Hong- 


Kong  and  supported  himself  by  editing  a  paper, 
but  did  not  suspend  his  work  as  a  missionary.  In 
1843  the  church  he  had  organized  numbered 
twenty-six. 

His  wife  died  in  1843,  and  in  1845  he  returned 
to  the  United  States-  to  make  provision  for  his  chil- 
dren. In  1846  he  went  back  to  Shanghai,  China, 
under  the  patronage  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Con- 
vention, taking  his  second  \yife  with  him. 

He  returned  to  the  United  States  in  1853,  having 
lost  his  second  wife.  In  1854  he  was  sent  by  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention  as  a  missionary  to 
the  Chinese  in.  California,  taking  his  third  wife 
with  him.  Here  he  spent  seven  j'ears,  discharging 
the  double  duties  of  missionary  and  pastor  of  Sac- 
ramento church.  He  organized  the  first,  perhaps 
the  only,  Chinese  church  on  the  continent. 

Having  spent  twenty-five  years  in  laboring 
among  the  Chinese,  he  returned  to  Barnwell  Court- 
House,  S.  C,  in  1861,  where  he  spent  the  remainder 
of  his  life,  preaching  to  the  surrounding  churches. 
In  1863  he  rested  from  his  labors,  in  the  fifty-first 
year  of  his  age.  His  son.  Rev.  L.  II.  Shuck,  D.D., 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Charleston, 
received  the  mantle  of  the  ascending  father. 

Shuck,  L.  H.,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Singapore,  on 
the  Malay  Peninsula,  while  his  parents  were  on 
their  way  to  China  as  missionaries,  in  1836.  After 
the  death  of  his  mother,  in  li544,  he  was  sent  back 
to  his  grandfather.  Rev.  Addison  Hall,  in  Virginia, 
where  he  was  prepared  for  college.  He  graduated 
at  Wake  Forest  College,  X.  C,  from  which  he  re- 
ceived the  degrees  of  A.B.,  A.]\I.,  and  D.D. 

After  his  graduation  he  spent  a  year  as  professor 
in  the  Oxford  Female  College,  N.  C,  and  then  be- 
came principal  of  the  Beuhili  Male  Institute,  in  the 
same  State. 

On  the  death  of  his  father,  Rev.  J.  L.  Shuck,  the 
son  took  his  place  as  pastor  of  several  churches  in 
Barnwell  Co.,  S.  C.  He  was  next  chosen  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  at  Barnwell  Court-llouse. 
and  from  it  he  removed  to  Ciiarleston,  and  took 
the  pastoral  care  of  the  old  First  church,  in  1869, 
which  position  he  now  holds. 

Shuey,  Gen.  Martin,  was  born  in  Lebanon  Co., 
Pa.,  Sept.  28,  1785,  of  Lutheran  parents;  entered 
the  military  service,  passed  through  various  official 
grades,  until  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  brig- 
adier-general for  his  eminent  services.  In  1825  he 
entered  into  business  and  settled  in  Indiana,  and 
subsequently  in  Illinois,  and  upon  his  conversion, 
in  1S26,  examined  the  subioct  of  baptism  ;  became 
an  active  Baptist  and  liberal  supporter  of  all 
benevolent  and  church  enterprises.  In  1859  he 
crossed  the  plains,  and  settled  at  Brooklyn,  Cal. ; 
aided  in  organizing  the  church  there,  in  1860;  was 
its  first  deacon,  and  held  that  office  until  he  was 
over  ninety  years  old.    He  died  Feb.  12,  1876. 


SHURTLEFF 


1057 


SHUTE 


ShurtlefF,  Benjamin,  M.D.,was  bom  in  Boston 

in  1775.  lie  f^raduateii  in  1790,  and  commencod 
at  once  the  study  of  medicine,  llavinf;  received 
the  degree  of  M.D.,  he  was  appointed  to  a  situation 
in  the  medical  department  of  the  naval  service  of 
the  United  States.  lie  returned  to  Boston  after  a 
brief  period  of  service,  and  gave  himself  with  un- 
tiring energy  and  success  to  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession for  fifty  years.  lie  possessed  those  traits 
of  character  which  made  him  from  the  outset  a 
popular  and  acceptable  physician. 

In  1835.  Ur.  Shurtleff"  made  a  donation  to  Alton 
College,  111.,  of  $1U,(H)().  As  a  token  of  their  appre- 
ciation of  the  value  of  the  gift  the  trustees  named 
the  institution  Shurtleff  College.  His  death  oc- 
curred in  Boston,  April  12,  1847. 

Shurtleff  College. — The  first  suggestion  of 
Upper  Alton,  111.,  twenty-five  miles  north  of  St. 
Louis,  as  a  suitable  place  for  a  Ba[)tist  college 
seems  to  have  been  made  by  Dr.  Jonathan  Going, 
who  visited  it  in  1831.  Special  attention  had  only 
in  the  previous  year  been  directed  to  Alton  itself 
as  a  possible  commercial  centre,  and  the  two  towns, 
two  and  a  half  miles  apart,  were  then  in  their  in- 
fancy. The  suggestion  of  Dr.  Going,  however,  was 
received  with  approbation,  and  on  June  4,  1832, 
the  seminary  at  Rock  Spring  having  been  removed 
to  the  new  point,  seven  gentlemen  '•  formed  a  com- 
pact to  establish  a  college  to  be  under  the  super- 
vision of  Baptists,  and  engaged  in  a  written  obliga- 
tion to  advance  each  SlOO,  which  was  subsequently 
increased  to  $125,  and  to  become  jointly  obligated 
in  the  loan  of  S80U  more."  A\'e  quote  the  words  of 
Dr.  John  M.  Peck.  These  seven,  with  James  Lemen 
and  J.  M.  Peck,  added  in  1833,  were  the  original 
trustees  of  the  Alton  Seminary.  With  a  part  of  the 
sum  named  above  a  tract  of  122  acres  was  purchased 
adjoining  the  town  of  Upper  Alton  :  with  the  re- 
mainder and  added  donations  from  citizens  a  build- 
ing was  erected.  The  school  opened  with  twenty-five 
students,  with  Rev.  Hubbell  Loomis  as  principal, 
and  Rev.  Lewis  (^olby  as  professor  in  the  theological 
department.  The  college  charter  was  granted  by 
act  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1835.  In  its  original 
form  this  charter  forbade  the  establishment  of  a 
theological  department,  but  a  modification  of  it,  by 
act  of  the  Legislature  in  1841,  removed  that  restric- 
tion. The  institution,  at  first  called  Alton  College, 
received  the  name  it  now  bears  through  Dr.  Benja- 
min Siiurtleff,  of  Boston,  who,  in  1835,  made  to  the 
college  the  donation,  very  liberal  at  that  time,  of 
$1U,0()0. 

Instruction  in  theology  has  always  been  an  im- 
portant feature  of  the  college  work,  and  a  few  years 
since,  chiefly  through  the  liberality  of  Mr.  Elijah 
Gove,  a  theological  department  was  formally  or- 
ganized, with  Dr.  R.  E.  Pattison  and  Prof.  E.  C. 
Mitchell  as  instructors.     The  president  of  the  col- 


lege now  gives  instruction  in  Systematic  Theology. 
Justus  Bulkley,  D.D.,  is  Professor  of  Church  His- 
tory and  Church  Polity,  and  Rev.  J.  C.  C.  Clarke, 
Acting  Professor  of  Biblical  Literature  and  Inter- 
pretation. The  successive  presidents  of  the  college 
have  been  Prof  Washington  Leverett  (acting  presi- 
dent), 1836-40;  Rev.  Adiel  Sherwood,  D.D.,  1840 
-40  ;  Prof.  Washington  L(n'erett  (acting  president), 
1847-49;  Rev.  N.  N.  AVood.  D.D.,  1850-55;  Rev. 
Daniel  Read,  LL.D.,  1855-69  ;  at  which  last  date 
the  present  president,  Dr.  A.  A.  Kendrick,  came 
into  the  office.  Upon  the  faculty,  besides  those 
already  named,  are  Orlando  L.  Castle,  LL.D., 
Shurtleff  Professor  of  Oratory,  Rhetoric,  and 
Belles-Lettres  ;  Charles  Fairman,  LL.D.,  Hunter 
Lecturer  on  Chemistry,  Geology,  and  Mineralogy  ; 
J.  C.  C.  Clarke,  Gove  Professor  of  the  Latin  and 
Greek  Languages  and  Literature ;  Charles  Fair- 
man,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Natural 
Philosophy;  John  D.  Ilodge,  A.M.,  M.D.,  instructor 
in  Botany,  Zoology,  and  Physiology  ;  Charles  B. 
Dodge,  A.M.,  principal  of  the  preparatory  depart- 
ment. 

In  the  year  1876  a  centennial  fund  of  $100,000 
was  raised  for  the  college  by  Dr.  G.  J.  Johnson, 
which  has  greatly  relieved  the  college  liy  placing 
its  finances  upon  a  sounder  basis.  In  all  respects 
Shurtleff  College  is  a  prosperous  institution,  hold- 
ing a  high  rank  among  the  colleges  of  the  West. 
Its  past  record  is  one  for  which  any  institution  may 
cherish  abounding  gratitude  to  the  God  of  good- 
ness. 

Shute,  Samuel  M.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, Pa.,  Jan.  24,  1823;  prepared  for  college  in 
the  academy  of  Dr.  Wm.  Curran ;  entered  the 
Sophomore  class  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
in  1841  :  graduated,  with  the  degree  of  A.B.,  in 
1844,  and  received  the  degree  of  A.M.,  in  course, 
in  1847;  was  baptized,  in  the  fall  of  1845,  by  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Shadrach,  and  united  with  the  Fifth  Bap- 
tist church,  Philadelphia;  licensed  by  the  same 
church  to  preach,  Jul}'  26,  1847.  Prosecuted  his 
theological  studies  in  the  seminary  of  the  Re- 
formed Presbyterian  Church,  Philadelphia,  at  that 
time  under  the  supervision  (jf  the  Rev.  S.  B.  Wylic, 
D.D.,  vice-provost  of  the  University  of  Pennsylva- 
nia. Dr.  Crawford,  Dr.  Theo.  T.  Wylie,  and  others. 
AV'hile  engaged  in  his  theological  studies  he  was 
chosen  instructor  of  English  literature  in  the 
Sigoigne  (French)  Academy  for  young  ladies,  in 
Philadelphia,  which  position  he  held  for  several 
years,  until  his  ordination.  During  one  year  of 
this  period  he  also  served  as  assistant  editor  of  the 
Christian  Chronicle,  a  Baptist  religious  journal, 
published  in  Philadelphia,  under  the  auspices  of 
the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society,  and  con- 
ducted by  the  Rev.  Hcman  Lincoln,  D.D.,  and  the 
Rev.  W.  B.  Jacobs.     In  tlio  full  of  1852  he  received 


SHUTE 


1058 


■SICKLEMORE 


a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Pem- 
berton,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J.,  which  he  accepted, 
entering  on  his  labors  there  .Jan.  1,  18-53,  and  re- 
ceiving  ordination   on   the    17th  of  the  following 


SAMUEL    M,    SHUTE,  D.D. 

February.  He  reruairied  in~Pemberton  three  years, 
and  at  the  termination  of  that  period,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  ill  health  of  his  wife,  he  prepared  to 
remove  to  Alexandria,  Va.,  having  been  invited  to 
the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  that 
city,  on  the  resignation  of  Rev.  H.  11.  Tucker, 
D.D.  He  remained  here  three  years,  during  which 
time  a  beautiful  church  edifice  was  built,  and  about 
100  baptized  and  added  to  the  church.  In  the  fall 
of  1859  he  was  elected  to  the  chair  of  the  English 
Language  and  Literature  in  the  Columbian  Col- 
lege, which  position  Jie  accepted,  and  still  holds, 
having  given  the  institution  up  to  tins  time  a  con- 
tinuous service  of  twenty-two  years.  During  his 
connection  witii  the  college  he  has  spent  most  of 
his  Sabbaths  in  preaching,  although  having  charge 
of  no  churches,  except  for  siiort  periods,  and  while 
tiiey  were  endeavoring  to  secure  regular  pastors. 
In  addition  to  his  one  year  of  editorial  labors  in 
Philadelphia,  Prof.  Shute  has  written  quite  a  good 
deal,  having  contributed  frequently  to  monthly  and 
weekly  periodicals,  to  The  Xatioii,  of  New  York, 
and  occasional  articles  to  the  Suiifhcrn  lievicw  and 
to  the  Baptist  Qiiarterli/.  In  1865  lie  publisiied  an 
"Anglo-Saxon  Manual,"'  the  second  text-book  of 
the  kind  issued  in  this  country,  and  the  first  to 
reject  the  primai-y  English  methods  of  grammati- 
cal exposition  of  the  language,  and  to  base  it  on 


the  more  scientific  plan  of  Heyne  and  other  Ger- 
man scholars.  This  book  has  passed  to  a  third 
edition,  and  has  been  extensively  used  in  the  high 
schools  and  colleges  of  this  country.  Prof.  Shute,  at 
the  request  of  Rev.  Dr.  Cathcart,  the  editor  of  the 
"  Baptist  Encyclopaedia,"  has  prepared  the  bio- 
graphical sketches  contained  in  this  "work  of  the 
ministers  and  laymen  of  ^laryland,  Virginia,  and 
the  District  of  Columbia. 

His  first  wife,  who  lived  only  three  years  after 
their  marriage,  having  died  Ijefore  the  close  of  his 
pastoral  labors  in  Pemberton,  was  ]Miss  Phebe'II. 
Taylor,  of  Taylorsville,  Bucks  Co.,  Pa. ;  his  present 
wife  was  Miss  Jane  C.  Kerfoot,  daughter  of  Daniel 
S.  Kerfoot,  of  Fauquier  Co.,  Va. 

Tiie  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by 
Mercer  University,  Ga. 

Dr.  Shute  is  a  man  of  a  quick  and  penetrating 
intellect,  and  of  a  sound  judgment,  and  to  these 
gifts  of  nature  years  of  diligent  study  have  added 
a  wide  and  varied  culture.  He  bas  been  not  only 
a  successful  professor  of  tlie  Greek,  Latin,  Anglo- 
Saxon,  and  German  languages,  but  also  a  careful 
student  in  other  departments  of  knowledge,  and 
especially  in  English  literature  and  in  theology. 

As  a  professor,  in  the  branches  above  referred  to, 
as  well  as  in  rhetoric  and  in  kindred  studies,  he 
has  been  able,  faithful,  successful,  and  popular. 

As  a  writer,  he  is  forcible  and  chaste. 

As  a  preacher  of  the  gospel,  he  is  instructive,  and 
there  is  a  frequent  demand  for  his  pulpit  services 
in  Washington  and  in  the  neighboring  cities. 

Sibley,  Rev.  W.  L.,  a  pioneer  preacher  in  Lou- 
isiana, was  born  in  Georgia  in  1795:  settled  in 
Washington  Parish,  La.,  in  1825.  In  1847  here- 
moved  to  Sabine  Parish,  and  became  a  co-laborer 
with  Father  Braj-.  He  was  instrumental  in  build- 
ing up  many  churches  both  in  Eastern  and  AVest- 
eru' Louisiana.     He  died  Oct.  21,  1861. 

Sicklemore,  Rev.  James,  was  a  clergyman  of 

the  Episcopal  Cluirch  of  England,  and  became  a 
Baptist  about  1640. 

His  change  of  views  about  baptism  occurred  sin- 
gularly, and  yet  very  naturally.  He  was  rector  of 
Singleton,  Sussex,  and  in  catechising  the  young 
people  of  his  parish  he  took  occasion  to  speak  of 
the  promises  made  by  god  Others  and  godmothers 
on  behalf  of  children  at  their  baptism.  One  of 
those  who  were  present  inquired  if  the  Holy  Scrip- 
tures gave  authority  for  anything  he  said.  For 
the  moment  he  defended  himself  by  the  general 
practice  of  the  Christian  Church,  but,  after  exam- 
ining the  Word  of  God  and  other  ancient  Christian 
documents,  he  saw  that  infant  baptism  was  a  mere 
human  tradition,  without  the  authority  of  inspira- 
tion or  of  the  apostolic  age.  He  disapproved  of 
tithes,  and  gave  away  most  of  his  income  to  the 
needy.     He  was  "  famous  for  his  piety  and  learn- 


SIMMONS 


1059 


SINGING 


injj,"  and  under  God  ho  was  the  founder  of  the 
Baptist  chiirclies  of  Portsmouth  and  Chichester. 

Simmons,  James  B.,  D.D.,  was   born  in  the 

township  of  Nortlioast,  N.  Y.,  April  17,  1827.  He 
made  a  profession  of  faith  in  (Mirist  at  the  a<:e  of 
sixteen  years,  was  _i!:raduate<l  from  Brown  Uni- 
versity in  1S5],  and  in  Newton  Theological  Semi- 
nary in  1854.  He  was  pastor  of  First  Baptist 
church  of  Providence,  R.  I.,  three  years ;  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  four 
years  ;  and  of  the  Fifth  (old  Sansom  Street)  church 
of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  five  and  a  half  years.  In 
Indianapolis  he  established  a  mission,  which  has 
grown  into  the  South  church.  In  Philadelphia  he 
set  in  motion  the  celebrated  adult  "  Bible  schools" 
now  so  common  in  the  churches.  In  1867  he  was 
elected  corresponding  secretary  of  the  American 
Baptist  Home  Mission  Society,  in  which  capacity 
he  served  for  seven  years.  He  had  special  charge 
of  the  freedmen's  department,  establishing  seven 
schools  for  their  education.  He  received  the  degree 
of  D.D.  in  1870.  In  1877  he  accepted  the  pastor- 
ate of  Trinity  Baptist  church,  New  York,  which  he 
still  retains.  His  special  labor  for  the  salvation 
of  Chinamen  has  resulted  in  the  conversion  of  a 
few  of  them,  and  about  twenty  are  members  of 
his  Bible  schools.  He  is  the  author  of  several  tracts 
published  by  the  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society. 

Simmons,  Lockey,  was  bom  in  Montgomery 
Co.,  N.  C,  April  14,  1790:  baptized  by  Noah  Rich- 
ardson at  the  age  of  twenty-three ;  was  county 
surveyor  for  many  years;  accumulated  a  good 
estate,  and  was  a  great  friend  of  education.  He 
aided  several  young  ministers  in  their  studies.  He 
died  at  AYuke  Forest  College,  at  the  house  of  his 
son.  Prof.  \V.  G.  Simmons,  Jan.  2.3,  1880. 

Simmons,  Prof.  W.  G.,  was  bom  in  IMontgomery 
Co.,  N.  C,  March  4,  1830;  graduated  with  high 
honor  at  Wake  Forest  in  1852  ;  read  law  at  Chapel 
Hill  with  Judge  Battle  and  Hon.  S.  F.  Philipps ; 
came  to  Wake  Forest  College  in  1855  as  Professor 
of  .Mathematics  ;  is  now  Professor  of  Natural  Sci- 
ence in  the  same  institution  and  a  man  of  un- 
doubted learning. 

Simonson,  Rev.  George  A.,  is  of  Baptist  an- 
cestry. His  grandfather.  Rev.  George  Allen,  was 
pastor  iit  Burlington,  N.  J.,  and  his  father,  Rev.  P. 
Simonson,  at  Providence,  R.  I.  He  was  born  at 
Providence.  His  father  dying  early,  George's  boy- 
hood was  spent  in  Burlington,  N.  J.  Baptized  at 
twelve  years  of  age,  George,  by  the  loss  of  his 
mother,  was  an  orphan  at  thirteen,  passing  his 
three  following  years  in  a  boarding-school.  The 
rejuaining  years  of  his  youth  he  was  in  the  West, 
learning  practical  surveying  and  civil  engineering, 
tliough  he  afterwards  returned  and  graduated  at 
the  Polytechnic  College  of  the  State  of  Pennsyl- 


vania. He  then  resumed  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession as  division  engineer  on  the  Pittsburgh,  Fort 
Wayne  and  Chicago  Railroad.  In  1856  he  taught 
the  high  school  at  Indianapolis.  Here,  feeling 
called  to  the  ministry,  he  gave  up  teaching  to  take 
the  full  theological  course  at  Rochester,  graduating 
in  the  (;lass  of  1864.  The  seven  following  years 
were  given  to  incessant  labors  in  the  Western  min- 
istry, most  of  them  in  the  State  of  Illinois.  Leav- 
ing his  last  settlement  there  of  nearly  four  years 
in  Pontiac,  111.,  he  became  pastor  of  the  Windsor 
Avenue  church  of  Hartford.  Conn.,  in  1871.  Ho 
entered  upon  the  pastorate  of  the  Fifth  church. 
Newark,  N.  J.,  in  the  spring  of  1874,  since  which 
time  the  meeting-house  has  been  enlarged  and  beau- 
tified at  considerable  expense,  and  many  members 
have  been  added  to  the  church. 

Singing  in  Public  Worship.— In  the  end  of 

the  seventeenth  century  singing  was  introduced 
among  the  English  Baptists.  Probably  persecution 
had  much  to  do  with  its  general  omission  in  their 
religious  assemblies.  Nothing  more  useful  to  che 
informer  could  have  been  contrived  than  songs  of 
praise  from  a  large  congregation.  In  Benjamin 
Reach's  church,  for  some  years  before  the  happy 
revolution  which  placed  AVilliam  III.  upon  the 
throne  and  gave  the  Dissenters  restricted  religious 
liberty,  singing  was  practised  at  the  close  of  the 
Lord's  Supper,  even  when  it  was  used  as  a  guide 
to  the  informer.  It  is  thought  that  church  music 
was  first  employed  in  divine  service  among  the 
Baptists  in  Mr.  Reach's  meetings.  He  introduced 
it  among  his  people  gradually.  At  first,  after  the 
celebration  of  the  Supper;  and  they  had  no  singing 
but  this  for  six  years,  then  on  public  thanksgiving 
days,  and  this  continued  for  fourteen  years,  and 
then  the  church  solemnly  agreed  to  sing  the  praises 
of  God  every  Lord's  day.  But  some  of  his  people 
withdrew  and  founded  the  Maze  Pond  church  on 
the  principles  of  the  mother-church,  but  they  for- 
mally prohibited  singing  in  their  worship. 

In  1691,  Mr.  Keach  wrote  a  work  called  "The 
Breach  Repaired ;  or,  Singing  of  Psalms  and 
Hymns  and  Spiritual  Songs  proved  to  be  a  Holy 
Ordinance  of  Jesus  Christ.''  It  seems  strange  that 
such  a  book  was  necessary,  and  more  remarkable 
that  it  met  with  bitter  opposition  for  a  season. 

When  the  Second  church  in  Newport,  R.  I.,  was 
formed,  in  1656,  among  the  reasons  given  by  the 
twenty-one  persons  who  founded  it  for  leaving  the 
First  church  was  that  they  disapproved  of  psalmody 
which  the  parent  community  used.  Dr.  Guild, 
speaking  of  the  First  church  in  Providence,  R.  I., 
when  Dr.  Manning  settled  in  that  city,  and  of  .Mr. 
Winsor,  who  preceded  Dr.  Manning  as  pastor, 
says,  "  The  true  cause  of  opposition  to  Dr.  .Man- 
ning was  his 'holding  to  singing  in  public  wor- 
ship, which  was  highly  disgustful  to  Mr.  Winsor.' 


SIOUX 


1060 


SKINNER 


On  this  point  the  sentiments  of  the  Quakers  appear 
to  have  prevailed  in  the  church,  and  singing  was 
discarded  as  unauthorized  by  the  New  Testament." 
Mr.  Winsor  and  his  friends  seceded  from  the  church 
because  of  the  supposed  departure  of  Dr.  Manning 
and  the  church  from  the  six  principles  lard  down 
in  Hebrews  vi.  1,  2:  "Not  laying  again  the  foun- 
dation of  repentance  from  dead  works,  and  of  faith 
toward  God,  of  the  doctrine  of  baptisms,  and  of 
laying  on  of  hands,  and  of  resurrection  of  the 
dead,  and  of  eternal  judgment." 

Sioux  City,  Iowa,  with  a  population  of  7246, 
is  on  the  east  side  of  the  Missouri  River,  about  1000 
miles  above  St.  Louis.  It  is  the  county-town  of 
Woodbury  County,  and  the  largest  city  of  North- 
western Iowa.  The  Sioux  City  Baptist  church  was 
organized  in  1860,  but  remained  a  feeble  interest 
for  several  years.  In  1871,  when  Rev.  James  Sun- 
derland became  pastor,  there  were  only  14  mem- 
bers, but  in  1876  the  number  had  inareased  to  90. 
They  have  recently  enlarged  and  improved  their 
meeting-house,  and  now  have  144  meml)ers. 

Sisty,  Rev.  John,  was  born  March  26,  1783; 
baptized  July  4,  1802,  by  Rev.  Thomas  Ustick,  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa. ;  and  in  August,  1817,  he  began 
to  hold  meetings  at  Iladdonfield,  N.  J.,  which  i-e- 
sulted  in  the  organization  of  the  church  there  in 
1818.  He  continued  as  pastor  there  for  twenty- 
one  years,  and  was  greatly  prospered  and  beloved. 
He  was  instrumental  in  forming  the  Baptist  church 
at  Moorestown.     He  died  Oct.  2,  1863. 

Six-Principle  Baptists. — These  churches  of  the 
great  Baptist  family  hold,  as  their  distinguishing 
doctrines,  the  sis  principles  mentioned  in  Heb.  vi. 
1,  2.  They  claim  a  history  running  far  back  into 
the  past,  as  may  be  learned  from  Rev.  Richard 
Knight's  "  History  of  the  General  or  Six-Principle 
Baptists  in  Europe  and  .America,"  published  in 
1827.  In  this  country,  at  first,  they  did  not  di6fer 
from  the  Particular  or 'Regular  Baptists,  save  in 
the  matter  of  the  laying  on  of  hands  ;  but  later 
.they  swerved  to  Arminianism^  yet  remained  strict 
communionists.  They  were  once  comparatively 
strong  in  Rhode  Island,  being  among  the  first  to 
establish  themselves  in  the  soul-free  colony  :  and 
for  a  time  they  claimed  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Providence,  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  Newport, 
and  the  first  churches  in  many  of  the  towns. 
They  once  had  the  lead  in  thirteen  of  the  present 
thirty-six  towns  of  the  State.  Near  the  year  1700 
they  formed  a  Yearly  Meeting ;  indeed,  they  now 
<late  their  annual  meeting  from  1670.  This  Yearly 
Meeting  embraces  their  churches  in  New  England. 
In  1729  it  counted  twelve  churches  and  eighteen 
ordained  elders. 

As  a  people  they  flourished  until  aliout  the  period 
of  the  Revolution,  when  failing  to  manifest  a  proper 
degree  of  enterprise,  and  neglecting  education,  liter- 


ature, and  an  aggressive  spirit,  they  began,  prior  to 
1800,  to  decline  in  popularity  and  numbers,  and 
have  rapidly  decreased  within  the  last  sixty  years. 
A  number  of  their  once  strong  churches  have  be- 
come Regular  Baptists.  A  few  from  sheer  feeble- 
ness have  fallen  into  the  arms  of  the  Free-Will 
Baptists.  They  are  now,  as  they  have  always  been 
in  this  country,  without  ap  academy  or  college,  or 
periodical  organ  or  distinctive  literature,  or  mis- 
sionary society  for  home  or  foreign  work.  They 
seem  to  have  waned  on  account  of  their  inactivity; 
yet  they  have  ever  been  a  pure,  sincere  people.' 

At  present,  in  New  England,  they  count  less  than 
a  dozen  small,  expiring  churches,  and  a  roll  of 
hardly  more  than  a  thousand  active  members. 
They,  however,  maintain  a  Yearly  Meeting.  A 
small — very  small — Association  of  this  order  is 
reported  in  Pennsylvania  and  New  York,  where 
their  existence  is  like  a  flickering  lamp.  In  New 
England  we  can  find  at  present  (1880)  but  two 
churches  outside  of  Rhode  Island, — one  in  Connec- 
ticut and  one  in  Massachusetts. 

-  Skinner,  Deacon  Charles  W.,  was  born,  in 

1780,  in  Perquimans  Co.,  N.  C.  The  death  of  his 
first  wife  led  to  his  conversion,  and  he  is  said  to 
have  been  comforted  in  reading  the  fortieth  chapter 
of  Isaiah.  He  joined  the  Presbyterian  church  at 
Princeton,  N.  J.,  where  his  brother  Thomas  was 
studying  theolog}',  but  afterwards  connected  him- 
self with  Bethel  Baptist  church  in  Perquimans 
County,  and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Robert  F. 
Daniel.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Bap- 
tist State  Convention,  and  used  to  ride  hundreds 
of  miles  in  his  sulky  to  attend  its  sessions.  He 
was  one  of  the  first  and  best  friends  of  Wake 
Forest  College,  pledging  his  personal  property  for 
its  debts,  and  giving  it  at  one  time  as  much  as 
$5000. 

Mr.  Skinner  was  remarkable  for  his  benevolence, 
and  probably  gave  to  the  cause  of  Christ  more 
money  than  any  Baptist  who  ever  lived  in  North 
Carolina.  He  gave  S2000  towards  building  the 
church  at  Bethel ;  he  gave  S7000  towards  the  beauti- 
ful church  in  Hertford,  which  cost  $16,100 ;  he  gave 
S2000  to  erect  the  house  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
of  Raleigh,  and  he  probably  gave,  all  told.  SlO.OOO 
to  AVake  Forest  College.  It  has  been  said  that  he 
cave  not  less  than  $50,000  to  the  various  objects 
of  benevolence  in  North  Carolina.  His  brother, 
Thomas  II.  Skinner,  D.D.,  was  so  eminent  a  Presby- 
terian minister  that,  when  he  died  a  few  years  since 
in  New  York  City,  hundreds  of  ministers  attended 
his  funeral.  Pr.  Thomas  E.  Skinner,  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Raleigh,  is  Ids  son.  Deacon 
Skinner  died  April  15,  1877. 

Skinner,  Thomas  E.,  D.D.,  youngest  son  of 
Charles  AV.  and  Mary  C.  Skinner,  was  born  in  Per- 
quimans Co.,  N.  C,  April  29,  1825;  graduated  at 


SLACK 


1061 


SLATER 


the  University  of  North  Carolina  in  1847  ;  began 
life  as  a  planter  ;  was  baptized  at  Bethel  church, 
by  Rev.  Q.  II.  Trotinan,  Jan.  19,  1851  ;  graduated 
at  the  Union  Theological  Seminary,  N.  Y.,  May  8, 
1854,  his  uncle,  Dr.  T.  II.  Skinner,  being  a  profes- 
sor in  that  institution  ;  settled  as  pastor  in  Peters- 
burg, Va.,  in  November,  1854  ;  became  pastor  of 
First  Baptist  church,  Raleigh,  in  November,  1855; 
settled  as  pastor  of  First  Baptist  church,  Nashville, 
Tenn.,  November,  1867  ;  removed  to  Columbus,  Ga., 
in  November,  1870;  to  Athens,  Ga.,  in  August, 
1871  ;  to  Macon,  Ga.,  in  December,  1875,  being 
pastor  in  each  of  these  places;  and  in  September, 
1879,  became. pastor  the  second  time  of  the  First 
church  in  Raleigh,  being  both  the  predecessor  and 
successor  of  Dr.  Thomas  H.  Pritchard,  D.D.  Be- 
sides being  the  pastor  of  the  largest  and  most  in- 
fluential church  in  the  State,  Dr.  Skinner  is  the 
president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Wake  Forest 
College,  lie  was  made  a  D.I),  by  Furmun  Uni- 
versity, S.  C. 

Slack,  Mrs.  Mary,  was  born  in  New  Castle 
Co.,  Del.,  Nov.  18,  1809.  Died  in  Philadelphia. 
Pa.,  Sept.  12,  1878. 

She  commenced  business  in  a  limited  way,  in 
AVilmington,  Del.,  in  1840,  and  was  so  successful 
as  to  retire  in  1873  with  a  small  fortune. 

She  was  baptized  March  13,  1842,  upon  profes- 
sion of  her  faith  in  Christ,  by  Rev.  Sanford  Leach, 
then  pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church,  with 
which  church  she  united.  Witlidrew,  in  1865,  with 
others,  from  the  Second  church  to  form  the  Del- 
aware Avenue  church,  Wilmington,  Del. 

Rev.  Geo.  W.  Folwell,  first  pastor  of  the  Dela- 
ware Avenue  church,  and  her  pastor  for  some 
years,  says  of  her  :  "  I  believe  Sister  Slack  gave 
about  §10,000  to  the  Delaware  Avenue  Baptist 
chui-ch.  During  most  of  my  pastorate  she  rented 
two  of  the  most  expensive  pews  in  the  church,  for 
which  she  paid  $80  per  year.  This  she  did  not  only 
to  increase  the  revenue  of  the  church,  but  also  to 
have  the  privilege  and  pleasure  of  inviting  friends 
and  visitors  to  sit  with  her.  She  was  very  seldom 
absent  from  any  of  the  services  of  the  church. 
She  was  unostentatious  and  unobtrusive,  simple 
and  sincere  in  her  professions  and  practices,  and 
evidently  constrained  by  the  love  of  Christ.  On 
more  than  one  occasion,  when  offering  to  add  one 
or  more  thousand  dollars  to  her  contributions  to 
the  building  fund,  and  I  questioned  whether  or  not 
it  was  her  duty  to  do  so,  she  said,  '  I  was  awake 
nearly  all  night  praying  about  it,  and  1  believe  my 
heavenly  Father  wants  me  to  give  it.'  When  she 
thought  I  was  trying  to  check  her  liberality,  she 
said,  '  Do  you  want  to  rob  me  of  the  pleasure  of 
doing  good?'  " 

The  last  large  contribution  she  gave,  one  of 
$2000,  she  procured  by  giving  a  mortgage  on  her 


home  for  the  greater  part  of  it,  and  paid  the  interest 
herself. 

In  addition  to  her  larger  donations,  she  gave 
liberally  to  every  benevolent  object  presented  in 
the  church,  besides  giving  to  our  denominational 
societies,  sometimes,  one-fourth  of  the  church's  an- 
nual contribution.  She  was  decidedly  the  largest 
contributor  to  the  funds  of  the  Delaware  Avenue 
Baptist  cliurcii. 

The  number  and  extent  of  her  private  benefac- 
tions no  man  knows.  The  writer  fre((uently  heard 
of  them  as  he  visited  among  the  sick  and  poor.  Her 
pastor  and  his  family,  and  even  their  friends  who 
visited  them,  were  many,  many  times  refreshed  by 
her  gifts. 

Slack,  Rev.  W.  L.,  M.D.,  a  distinguished 
preacher  and  teacher  at  Pontotoc,  Miss.,  was  born 
in  Cincinnati,  0.,  in  1819.  His  father  was  an  emi- 
nent Presbyterian  minister,  and  president  of  Cin- 
cinnati College,  under  whose  careful  training  Dr. 
Slack  became  a  fine  classical  scholar,  and  in  1846 
received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  Miami  Univer- 
sity. Having  studied  medicine,  circumstances  di- 
verted him  from  his  original  plan,  and  he  engaged 
in  teaching  in  Tennessee.  While  giving  instruc- 
tion in  Greek  he  was  led  to  change  his  views  on 
baptism.  The  reasons  for  this  change  he  has  given 
in  a  little  work  entitled  "  Slack's  Reasons  for  be- 
coming a  Baptist,"  which  has  been  widely  circu- 
lated. He  united  with  the  Baptists,  and  was  or- 
dained in  1852,  at  Denmark,  Term.,  where  he  was 
teaching.  Subsequently  he  became  president  of 
Mary  Washington  College,  Pontotoc,  Miss.  The 
buildings  having  been  destroyed  by  fire  during 
the  war,  he  founded  the  Baptist  Female  College  at 
the  same  place,  with  which  he  remained  until  fail- 
ing health  compelled  him  to  desist.  He  has  also 
supplied  the  Pontotoc  church  twenty-five  years. 

Slade,  Rev.  T.  B,,  for  many  years  principal  of 
a  high  school  for  young  ladies  in  Columbus,  and  a 
distinguished  and  successful  educator,  was  born  in 
North  Carolina.  He  graduated  at  Chapel  Hill, 
taking  the  first  honor.  He  came  to  Georgia,  and 
opened  a  school  at  Clinton,  Jones  Co.  ;  helped  to 
organize  the  Wesleyan  Female  College  at  Macon  ; 
took  charge  of  a  female  seminary  at  Penfield,  and 
then  removed  to  Columbus,  about  1842,  where  he 
has  resided  ever  since.  Few  men,  if  any,  in  the 
State  have  sent  forth  into  society  more  well-edu- 
cated young  ladies  than  Rev.  Thomas  B.  Slade,  of 
Columbus.     At  present  he  is  an  octogenarian. 

Slater,  Rev.  Franklin  S.,  was  born  in  St. 
Lawrence  Co.,'  N.  Y.,  Feb.  11,  1823;  graduated 
from  Madison  University  in  1850;  had  l)rief  settle- 
ments in  Connecticut  and  New  York,  but  most  of 
his  ministerial  life  has  been  spent  in  New  Jersey. 
During  his  sis  years'  pastorate  at  Keyport  a  fine 
church  edifice  was  built,  and  at  Matawan,  where 


SLATER 


1062 


SMALL 


his  pastorate  has  extended  to  fifteen  years,  the 
church  has  grown,  and  the  name  of  the  good  pas- 
tor is  a  household  word  in  the  community. 

Slater,  Rev.  Leonard,  missionary  to  the  Ot- 
tawa Indians,  was  born  in  Worcester,  Mass.,  Nov. 
16,  1802;  was  converted  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  and 
studied  for  the  ministry  with  Dr.  Going.  He  was 
appointed  missionary  .to  the  Indians  by  the  board 
of  tiie  Triennial  Convention  in  1826.  After  reach- 
ing Detroit,  in  coiiipany  with  Mrs.  Slater,  he  trav- 
eled on  horseback  200  miles  through  the  woods  to 
Carey  Station,  near  where  Niles  now  is,  and  began 
his  missionai-y  work.  The  next  year  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  Thomas  Station  (now  Grand  Rapids), 
where  he  remained  nine  years,  teaching  and  preach- 
ing. He  learned  their  language  so  as  to  use  it  as 
readily  as  English.  The  progress  of  white  settle- 
ments made  necessary  a  change  of  residence  for 
the  missionary,  and  in  1836  he  removed  to  Barry 
County,  near  Prairieville,  and  contiaued  his  work 
among  the  Ottawas  for  the  next  sixteen  years. 
The  Indians  became  greatly  attached  to  him,  and 
many  of  them  were  hupefuUy  converted.  In  1852 
he  retired  from  active  missionary  labor,  with  a  con- 
stitution greatly  impaired,  and  resided  in  Kalama- 
zoo till  his  death,  April  27,  18G6.  A  firm  friend 
of  all  our  denominational  enterprises,  he  contrib- 
uted largely  of  his  earnings  for  their  promotion. 

Slaughter,  Gov.  Gabriel,  was  bom  in  Virginia 
in  1767.  He  was  an  early  settler  in  Mercer  Co., 
Ky.,  where  he  united  with  Shawnee  Run  Baptist 
church,  and  was  prominent  in  his  church,  his  As- 
sociation, and  all  the  enterprises  of  his  denomina- 
tion, as  well  as  in  the  Councils  of  state.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature  in  1799,  and  re-elected 
in  1800.  He  served  in  the  State  senate  from  1801 
to  1808,  and  was  during  the  following  four  years 
lieutenant-governor.  lie  held  a  colonel's  commis- 
sion in  the  war  of  1812-15.  In  1816  he  was  again 
elected  lieutenant-governor,  and,  on  the  death  of 
Col.  Madison,  the  governor-elect,  became  governor 
of  the  State,  in  which  capacity  he  acted  four  years. 
At  the  close  of  his  gubernatorial  term  he  retired  to 
his  farm  in  Mercer  County,  where  he  died  in  1830. 

Slocum  (Frances)  Mission.— In  the  year  1780 

a  little  girl  about  six  years  old,  Frances  Slocum, 
was  stolen  by  the  Indians  from  Wyoming,  Pa. 
Her  father  and  brothers  followed  as  far  north  as 
Niagara  Falls,  but  could  find  no  clue  to  her  where- 
abouts. Sixty  years  passed  away.  AVasliington 
Ewing,  a  member  of  Congress,  and  a  trader  among 
the  Indians,  stayed  one  night  at  the  house  of  one 
of  the  Indians,  near  Peru,  Ind.  He  saw  there  an 
elderly  white  woman.  He  inquired  about  her  his- 
tory. She  reinemliered  that  her  first  name  was 
Frances,  and  tiiat  she  was  taken  from  a  place 
called  Wyoming.  Within  about  one  year  it  was 
established  that  she  was  the  same  Frances  Slocum. 


She  was  wealthy,  but  said  she  never  could  again 
become  accustomed  to  civilized  life.  She  wished 
to  adopt  her  brother's  son.  He  and  his  wife  came 
to  the  settlement,  went  through  the  form  of  adop- 
tion, and  settled  near  their  aunt.  They  were  Bap- 
tists, and  began  Christian  work  on  behalf  of  the 
Indians.  Rev.  T.  C.  Townsend  assisted  them  in 
organizing  a  Sunday-schopl.  The  two  sons-in-law 
of  Frances  Slocum — Capt.  Bruillette  and  Peter 
Bundy — were  the  first  to  join  the  church  that  had 
been  organized.  A  church  house  worth  Sl.jOO  was 
built.  The  church  grew.  Bruillette  and  Bubdy 
were  licensed  to  preach.  A  general  revival  was 
enjoyed,  and  another  Baptist  church  was  formed. 
Christian  Indians,  of  their  own  accord,  went  as 
missionaries  to  their  people  in  Kansas.  In  1858 
the  Indiana  Baptist  State  Convention  resolved 
"  that  the  mission  heretofore  sustained  among  the 
Miami  tribe  of  Indians  by  the  board  of  the  Hunt- 
ington and  Weasaw  Associations  be  now  trans- 
ferred to  the  board  of  the  Sta^e  Convention,  and 
that  the  school,  mission-house,  land,  and  all  other 
property  belonging  to  the  mission,  be  henceforth 
under  their  patronage.'' 

By  removals  and  deaths  the  tribe  gradually  de- 
clined, and  the  mission  declined  also.  In  the  death 
of  George  Slocum,  in  1860,  the  mission  sustained 
a  great  loss. 

Small,  Rev.  J.  S,.,  was  born  in  Guilford,  N.  H., 
Aug.  16,  1826.  The  progress  which  he  had  made 
in  his  youthful  studies  is  shown  by  the  circum- 
stance that  when  he  was  but  fifteen  years  of  age 
he  began  to  teach  in  the  public  schools.  It  was 
his  early  ambition  to  be  a  lawyer,  and  with  this 
end  in  view  he  began  to  fit  for  coUege,  but  his 
health  failing  he  was  obliged  to  give  up  his  plan. 
His  hopeful  conversion  took  place  when  he  was 
twenty-three  years  of  age.  At  once  his  thoughts 
were  turned  to  the  Christian  iiiinistry,  and  he  be- 
came a  student  in  the  Fairfax  Institution,  Vt..  and 
was  graduated  in  the  class  of  185S.  His  ordina- 
tion took  place  at  Williamstown.  July  9,  1837.  In 
1S59  he  went  to  East  Wallingford,  Vt.,  where  he 
remained  about  a  year.  Wishing  to  pursue  still 
further  his  theological  studies,  he  returned  to  Fair- 
fax, where  he  remained  some- time  as  a  resident 
graduate.  He  preached  in  Montgomery,  Vt..  and 
Lowell,  Mass.,  in  1861.  and  was  settled,  July  15, 
1802,  at  Enosburg,  where  he  remained  four  years, 
leaving  his  pastorate  to  accept  a  call  to  the  Fairfax 
Institution,  to  act  as  president  after  the  removal 
of  Dr.  Upham.  This  position  he  occupied  about 
three  years,  when,  feeling  the  want  of  a  more 
thorough  intellectual  training,  he  decided  to  take 
a  full  college  course  of  study.  He  was  a  graduate 
of  Dartmouth  College  in  the  class  of  1872,  preach- 
ing more  or  less  during  his  four  years'  residence 
in  Hanover.     His  pastorates  after  leaving  college 


S  MALLET 


1063 


SMITH 


were  at  Bristol  and  Felclivillo,  Vt.  He  died  very 
suddenly,  after  preacliinjr  the  annual  sermon  before 
the  Woodstock  Association,  A't.,  Sept.  '22,  188U. 

Smalley,  Rev.  Henry,  was  born  in  Piseata- 
way,  N.  J.  lie  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Reune  Run- 
yon  in  1781,  at  the  ag(!  of  sixteen,  lie  studied  at 
Queen's  College,  New  lirunswiek,  and  at  the  Col- 
lege of  New  Jersey,  in  Princeton,  where  he  grad- 
uated in  1780,  In  1788  he  was  licensed;  in  1790 
he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Cohansey  Baptist 
church,  N,  J.,  where  he  exercised  an  able  and  suc- 
cessful ministry  of  forty-nine  years,  and  died  Feb. 
11,  1839,  in  his  seventy-fourth  year.  Mr.  Smalley 
was  abundant  in  labor,  adding  to  his  stated  preach- 
ing and  catechising,  services  in  neigiiborhoods  be- 
yond the  bounds  of  his  own  congregation.  His 
judgment  was  excellent,  his  success  in  peace- 
making and  settling  difficulties  was  prominent;  he 
rightly  divided  the  word  of  truth,  and  tiie  fruits 
of  a  judicious  and  long  pastorate  are  abundant. 

Smiley,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  bom  in  Dauphin 

Co.,  Pa.,  in  1759  ;  baptized  in  1792,  in  AVyoming 
Co,,  Pa. ;  licensed  December,  1796,  by  the  Braintrim 
church  ;  ordained  December,  1802,  wiien  forty-three 
years  of  age;  died  in  1832  in  White  Deer,  Lycom- 
ing Co.,  Pa.,  in  his  seventy-third  year.  In  two 
things  he  was  quite  distinguished, — controversies 
about  land  titles  in  the  northern  portion  of  the 
State  between  the  Pennymites,  as  they  were  called, 
and  the  Connecticut  claims,  and  in  his  fearless 
defense  of  the  cardinal  doctrines  of  the  AVord  of 
God.  No  minister  held  more  tenaciously  to  the 
doctrines  of  grace. ^  In  these  sentiments  he  had 
been  reared  from  childhood,  his  father  being  a 
rigid  Presbyterian  of  the  Scotch  Seceder  branch. 
In  his  day  the  conflict  between  Arminianism  and 
Calvinism  was  peculiarly  marked  and  bitter.  Elder 
Smiley,  as  he  was  generally  called,  held  to  the  less 
popular  side  of  both  questions,  and  wiiile  failing  to 
secure  applause,  he  nevertheless  won  for  himself 
in  his  advocacy  of  sovereign  grace  what  is  infinitely 
better,  the  plaudit  of  his  Lord  when  called  to  his 
rest.  His  work  as  a  minister  was  in  sowing  seed. 
The  harvest  came  in  due  time,  but  others,  tiie  writer 
included,  were  permitted  to  gather  it.  His  char- 
acter was  of  tlie  purest  type,  and  his  constant  and 
earnest  exhortations  to  practical  godliness,  as  well 
as  his  appeals  to  the  unconverted,  proved  him  to 
be  far  from  fatalism,  and  entirely  forbade  liis  rela- 
tion to  sncii  as  claim  him  for  saintship  in  the 
dogmas  of  "  old-schoolism."  His  advocacy  of  sov- 
ereign grace  in  election  was  pure  and  thoroughly 
Biblical 

Smith,  Hon,  Almerin,  died  on  the  31. st  of  June, 
18r)4,  at  Savanna,  111.,  at  the  age  of  seventy-one 
years.  He  was  a  native  of  Manchester,  Vt,,  and 
of  a  patriotic  ancestry,  his  father,  Maj,  Nathan 
Smith,  having  been  one  of  those  who  accompanied 


Ethan  Allen  in  his  memorable  expedition  against 
Ticonderoga,  He  himself,  immediately  upon  the 
breaking  out  of  the  war  of  1812,  joined  the  army, 
with  the  commission  of  lieutenant,  and  served  until 
the  close  of  the  war,  ciiiedy  in  tiie  northern  part 
of  the  State  of  New  York.  His  services  were  so 
highly  appreciated  tiiat  he  was  offered  a  desirable 
post  in  the  regular  army  at  the  close  of  the  war, 
which  he  declined,  as  he  had  other  aims  in  life. 
He  had  married  previous  to  the  breaking  out  of 
the  war,  and  upon  the  conclusion  of  peace  he  pur- 
chased a  farm  and  made  his  home  in  Ticonderoga, 
N.  Y.,  where  most  of  his  life  was  spent.  His  fel- 
low-citizens expressed  their  trust  in  his  ca|)acity 
and  integrity  by  calling  him  to  various  posts  of 
civil  service.  During  thirty  years  he  was  success- 
ively elected  justice  of  the  peace.  Various  county 
offices  were  given  him,  besides  one  term  of  service 
as  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature.  He  refused 
a  renomination  when  tendered  him,  as  a  political 
life  was  not  his  choice.  About  the  year  1850  he 
removed  to  Illinois,  and  there  died,  as  mentioned 
at  the  beginning  of  this  article.  In  his  earlier  life 
he  was  skeptical,  but  when  nearly  fifty  years  of  age 
he  became  convinced  of  the  truth  of  Christianity, 
and  sought  and  found  a  personal  participation  in 
its  benefits.  One  who  knew  him  well  says  of  him, 
"  In  the  army,  in  the  halls  of  legislation,  in  the 
courts  of  justice,  he  was  faithful,  wise,  impartial, 
and  capable.  Three  sons  survive  him  ;  the  eldest 
being  Dr.  J.  A.  Smith,  editor  of  the  Standard  ;  the 
others,  John  L.  Smith,  Esq.,  of  Omaha,  and  Prof. 
E.  C.  Smith,  of  Dixon,  111.  One  daughter  of  four 
is  left, — ^Irs.  Lucy  M.  Olin,  widow  of  J.  R.  Olin, 
Esq..  a  son  of  Hon.  Henry  Olin,  of  Vermont,  and 
brother  of  Dr.  Stephen  Olin,  so  well  known  as 
president  of  Wesleyan  University.  The  youngest 
daughter,  wife  of  Rev.  W.  W.  Ilarsha,  D,D,,  of 
Jacksonville,  111,,  died  a  few  years  since  ;  another, 
wife  of  Dr.  A.  Kendrick,  of  Waukesha,  Wis.,  died 
some  years  before;  while  the  second  daughter  has 
slept  during  more  than  a  generation  in  the  soil  of 
Vermont. 

Smith,  Dester  P.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Tully, 
N,  Y.,  Dec,  10,  ISIO;  entered  .Madison  University, 
N,  Y,,  in  1831,  and  remained  some  time  in  tlie 
theological  department  after  graduation.  He  liad 
consecrated  himself  to  the  foreign  mission  work, 
but  enfeebled  health  prevented  him  entering  upon 
this  service.  For  a  year  and  a  half  he  was  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  of  Manchester,  Vt.  He  was 
also  pastor  in  Strykersville,  N.  Y.,  where  he  bap- 
tized 200.  In  1845  he  came  to  Iowa  City,  Iowa, 
and  was  pastor  of  the  ciiurch  tiiere  until  1851, 
during  which  time  a  good  meeting-house  was 
erected  and  the  church  gained  a  commanding  posi- 
tion. From  18.51  to  18,^9  lie  was  the  general  agent 
for   Sunday-schools  for  the  State.     From   1858  to 


SMITH 


1064 


SMITH 


1861  he  served  as  financial  agent  of  the  Iowa  Bap- 
tist State  Convention,  and  for  a  number  of  years 
he  was  tlie  secretary  of  the  Iowa  Baptist  Union  for 
Ministerial  Education  He  still  resides  in  Iowa 
City,  where  for  thirty-five  years  he  and  his  honored 
wife  have  commanded  the  respect  of  thatcomniu- 
nity  and  exercised  a  saving  influence  over  many 
liearts.  Though  not  now  engaged  in  any  consecu- 
tive hibors,  he  is  doing' good  service  for  Christ  arid 
the  Baptist  cause  in  Iowa.  Conciliatory  in  spirit, 
earnest  in  purpose,  and  wise  in  counsel,  his  useful- 
ness continues  with  declining  years,  and  makes  his 
presence  an  impulse  and  power  in  the  deliberations 
and  plans  of  his  brethren  in  the  State. 

Smith,  Prof.  D.  Townsend,  was  born  on  Edisto 
Island,  near  Charleston,  S.  C,  Aug.  9,  1842.  He 
left  the  Junior  class  in  the  South  Carolina  College 
to  join  the  army  near  the  commencement  of  the 
late  war,  and  served  as  a  private  until  its  close. 
ilis  early  conversion  is  but  one  of  tli£  many  illus- 
trations of  the  truth  of  Solomon's  adage,  "Train 
up  a  child  in  the  way  he  should  go,  and  when  he 
is  old  he  will  not  depart  from  it." 

Soon  after  the  war  he  resumed  his  studies  in 
Furman  University.  On  the  death  of  Prof.  Ed- 
wards in  1867  he  took  the  lower  classes  in  Latin 
and  Greek.  lie  was  retained  after  his  graduation 
tlie  same  year  as  Professor  of  Languages,  and  has 
occupied  that  position  ever  since. 

Smith,  Eli  B.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Shoreham, 
Vt.,  April  16,  1803.  While  preparing  for  college 
he  was  hopefully  converted  at  the  age  of  fourteen, 
and  united  with  the  church  Feb.  3,  1817.  He 
graduated  at  Middlebui'y  College  in  1823;  spent 
two  years  at  Andover  in  theological  study  ;  and, 
as  a  member  of  the  first  class  at  Newton,  graduated 
from  that  institution  in  1826,  the  other  member  of 
the  class  being  Rev.  John  E.  Weston.  In  Septem- 
ber, at  the  meeting  of  the  Boston  Baptist  Associa- 
tion held  in  South  Reading,  he  was  ordained  as  an 
evangelist,  and  entered  at  once  upon  his  duties 
as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  chui;ch  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
At  this  time  it  was  a  small  church,  numbering  but 
a  little  over  thirty  members,  and  had  no  house  of 
■worship.  Under  his  energetic  efforts  a  meeting- 
house was  erected,  and  dedicated  in  the  summer 
of  1828.  Dr.  Smith  continued  with  the  church 
in  Buffalo  until  June,  1829,  when  he  resigned  and 
accepted  a  call  to  Poultney,  Vt.  He  had  the  satis- 
faction of  seeing  his  labors  blessed  in  that  place,  and 
large  numbers  were  converted  under  his  ministry. 
Dr.  Smith  was  called  away  from  this  happy  and  suc- 
cessful pastorate  to  take  charge  of  the  New  Hamp- 
ton Academy,  upon  the  resignation  of  its  principal, 
Rev.  B.  F.  Farnsworth.  He  entered  upon  the  duties 
of  his  office  in  May,  1834,  and  found  himself  asso- 
ciated with  teachers  wlio  stood  in  the  first  rank  of 
their  profession,  among  whom  were  Miss  Jlartha 


llazeltine,  for  twelve  years  the  lady  principal  of 
the  institution,  and  Miss  Sarah  Sleeper,  afterwards 
the  wife  of  Rev.  Dr.  Jones,  of  Siani,  and,  after  his 
decease,  the  wife  of  Rev.  S.  J.  Smith.  The  special 
department  which  came  under  the  supervision  of 
Dr.  Smith  was  that  of  theology,  and  in  conduct- 
ing that  department  he  performed  a  service  for  the 
churches  the  value  of  whjch  cannot  be  easily  esti- 
mated. 

President  Smith,  for  twenty  years,  gave  himself 
with  the  utmost  enthusiasm  to  the  great  work  to 
which  he  had  been  called.  The  discourageme'nts 
were  many,  owing  to  the  want  of  pecuniary  en- 
dowment, but  they  were  met  with  a  heroic  spirit 
of  sacrifice  for  the  cause  of  education.  In  the  fall 
of  1853  the  institution  was  removed  to  Fairfax,  Vt., 
and  it  seemed  as  if  its  future  prosperity  was  guaran- 
teed at  once  by  the  change  of  location.  Unexpected 
difficulties  arose,  and  new  burdens  came  upon  its 
presiding  officer.  Domestic  sorrows  also  added  to 
the  weight  of  his  cares.  He  resjgned  his  office  as 
president  of  the  New  Hampton  Institution  in  Octo- 
ber, 18G0.  He  died  Jan.  5,  1861,  at  Colchester,  Vt. 
In  summing  up  the  traits  of  character  which  were 
most  conspicuous  in  Dr.  Smith,  his  associate  in  of- 
fice, the  Rev.  Dr.  James  Uphara,  selects  the  follow- 
ing as  deserving  of  special  notice:  "his  fixedness 
of  purpose,  his  self-control,  his  wisdom  in  council, 
his  administrative  talent,  and  his  practicalness  of 
mind."  The  influence  he  exerted  directly  and  in- 
directly on  the  Baptist  churches  in  Vermont  and 
New  Hampshire  was  very  great.  He  left  the  mark 
of  his  own  sterling  mind  upon  a  multitude  of  others, 
who,  in  the  ministry  and  occupying  important  posts 
in  Church  and  State,  have  served  faithfully  their 
God  and  the  generation. 

Smith,  Rev.  Eliphalet,  was  the  minister  of  a 
Presbyterian  church  in  Deerfield,  N.  H.,  in  1770. 
At  "that  time  he  was  a  young  man.  distinguished  for 
talents,  piety,  and  success.  While  preaching  on 
the  words,  "  If  ye  love  me  keep  my  command- 
ments" (John  xiv.  15),  the  truth  about  baptism 
flashed  into  his  mind  so  clearly  that  he  felt  com- 
pelled to  proclaim  it  to  his  people ;  and  President 
Manning  says  that  "  he  convinced  the  church  of 
which  ho  Was  pastor  that  believer's  baptism,  by 
immersion,  oithj  is  a  divine  institution."  And  he 
further  states  that  "they  sent  a  messenger  to  him 
to  come  and  administer  the  ordinance  to  both  min- 
ister and  people,  the  most  of  whom  expected  im- 
mediately to  submit  thereto."  Dr.  Manning,  on 
account  of  the  distance,  requested  Dr.  Ilezekiah 
Smith,  of  Haverhill,  Mass.,  to  take  his  place.  On 
Thursday,  June  14,  1770,  Dr.  Smith  baptized  the 
pastor  and  a  portion  of  his  people ;  on  the  same 
day  a  church  was  formed,  and  two  days  later  the 
ex-Presbyterian  minister  baptized  seven  persons 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Baptist  church,  of  whidi 


S.VfTIf 


1065 


SMITH 


he  had  been  elected  the  pastor.  ElipliahU  Smith 
had  tlio  stron2;est  reasons  for  retaining  liis  ohl  faith, 
and  notliini;  hut  tlie  force  of  truth  can  account  for 
a  ehanf;e  so  reinarkahie.  In  other  denominations 
tiie  Lord  lias  trained  thron<:rs  of  IJaptist  ministers 
and  multitudes  of  Uaptists. 

Smith,  Rev,  Francis,  was  l.orn  in  what  is  now 
Wakefield,  but  was  formerly  South  Reading,  Mass., 
July  12,  ISI'2.  lie  graduated  at  Brown  University 
in  the  class  of  1S37,  and  at  Newton  in  the  class  of 
1840.  He  was  onhiined  as  the  pastor  of  the  Foui'th 
Baptist  ehureli  in  i'rovidenee.  R.  I.  For  thirteen 
years  he  continued  the  minister  of  the  church. 
Happy  in  his  residence  in  Providence  he  did  not 
remove  from  the  city,  but,  while  living  here,  sup- 
plied, one  after  another,  several  small  religious  so- 
cieties, and  for  about  two  years  the  church  in  Rut- 
land, Vt.  For  throe  year.s  he  was  the  district 
secretary  for  New  Fjugland  of  the  American  Bap- 
tist Publication  Society.  The  closing  part  of  iiis 
life  was  spent  in  the  most  acceptable  missionary 
labors  in  and  about  Providence.  He  died  Jan.  29, 
1S72. 

Smith,  Maj.-Gen.  Green  Clay,  was  born  at 

Richmond,  Ky.,  July  2,  18;i2.  After  attending  a 
preparatory  school  at  Danville,  he  entered  Transyl- 
vania University,  graduating  in  1850.  He  studied 
in  the  office  of  his  father,  Hon.  John  Speed  Smith, 
and  graduated  in  a  law-school  at  Lexington,  in 
1853.  After  a  partnership  of  several  years  with  his 
father,  which  terminated  in  1858,  he  commenced 
business  in  Covington.  In  1800  he  was  elected  to 
the  Kentucky  Legislature.  In  1801  he  entered  the 
army  as  a  private,  and  during  the  civil  war  attained 
the  rank  of  major-general.  In  1803  he  was  elected 
to  Congress,  and  served  two  terms.  At  the  close 
of  his  second  term  he  was  appointed  governor  of 
Montana,  in  which  [)osition  be  a(;ted  until  the  fall 
of  1868,  when  he  resigned  for  the  purpose  of  en- 
tering the  gospel  ministry.  He  united  with  a  Bap- 
tist church,  of  which  his  mother  (a  daughter  of 
(icn.  Green  Clay  and  sister  of  Hon.  Cassius  M. 
Clay)  was  a  member.  He  was  licensed  to  preach, 
and  ordained  in  1869.  He  was  called  to  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  Frankfort,  and  served  as  pastor  sev- 
eral years,  when  he  resigned,  and  engaged  in  the 
more  laborious  work  of  an  evangelist.  He  after- 
wards took  charge  of  the  Second  church  in  Frank- 
fort, to  which  he  now  ministers.  lie  was  ol(>cted 
moderator  of  the  General  Association  of  Baptists  in 
Kentucky  in  1879,  and  was  re-elected  in  1880.  He 
is  a  chaste  and  pleasing  orator,  has  been  very  suc- 
cessful in  his  holy  calling,  and  is  much  beloved  by 
his  brethren. 

Smith,  Hezekiah,   D.D. — Fortunately    for    the 

writer  of  this  sketch  of  Dr.  Smith,  tiie  materials  for 

doing  it  are  abundant  in  the  interesting  memorials 

furnished   by  Dr.  S.  F.  Smith   for   Dr.  Sprague's 

68 


"  Annals,*"  and  in  the  i;entennial  discour.se  of  the 
late  Dr.  Arthur  S.  Train,  of  Haverhill. 

The  birthplace  of  Hezekiah  Smith  was  Long 
Island,  N.  Y.  He  was  born  April  21,  1737.  His 
college  life  was  spent  in  Princeton,  N.  J.,  where  he 
graduated  in  1702,  under  the  presidency  of  that 
princ(!  of  pulpit  orators,  Rev.  Samuel  Davies.  He 
was  ordaincnl  at  Charleston,  S.  ('.,  but  assuiiiccl  n() 
pastoral  charge  at  the  South,  although  he  preachcil 
constantly  as  opjiortunity  presented.  In  1764  he 
came  to  New  England,  and  preached  for  some  time 
in  the  west  parish  of  the  town  of  Haverhill.  Mass.. 
to  a  Congregational  church,  where  his  labors  were 
greatly  appreciated  and  much  blessed.  As,  how- 
ever, he  was  a  most  conscientious  Baptist,  it  could 
not  be  e.\pected  that  he  could  long  sustain  such  a 
relation  as  this.  The  circumstance  which  led  him 
to  make  Haverhill  the  scene  of  what  proved  to  be 
a  most  snccc'ssfnl  ministry  is  thus  related  by  Dr.  S. 
F.  Smith  : 

''Mr.  Smith  now  resolved  to  return  to  New  Jer- 
sey, where  several  of  his  relatives  resided.  The 
day  was  fixed  for  his  departure  from  the  scene  of 
ills  lal)ors  and  successes.  In  the  morning  several 
young  persons  came  to  visit  hiiii,  deeply  affected 
by  the  prospect  of  losing  their  loved  and  levered 
teacher,  by  whose  instrumentality  they  had  been 
brought  to  believe  on  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ.  They 
exhibited  their  ardent  affection  towards  him,  and 
expressed  the  wish  that  he  would  bapti/.c;  them. 
Still  they  found  him  fixed  in  his  determination. 
Notwithstanding,  they  ventured  to  utter  their  con- 
viction that  he  would  soon  return  and  be  their 
minister.  He  replied,  •  If  I  return,  your  prayers 
will  bring  me  back.'  The  same  day  he  proceeded 
to  Boston,  and  the  day  following  commenced  his 
journey  to  Providence.  But  after  he  had  advanced 
eighteen  or  twenty  miles,  the  words  were  impressed 
with  unusual  weight  on  his  mind,  '  Strengthen  ye 
the  weak  hands,  and  confirm  the  feeble  knees. 
Say  to  them  tliat  are  of  a  fearful  heart.  Be  strong, 
fear  not:  behold,  your  God  will  come  with  ven- 
geance, even  God  with  a  recompense;  he  will  come 
and  save  you.'  Stopping  his  horse,  he  mused 
awhile  on  the  occurrence.  He  soon  proceeded,  but 
was  shortly  after  arrested  again  by  tiie  same  pass- 
age. Yielding  to  the  impulse,  he  turned  his  liorse, 
and  rode  baitk  to  Boston.  Here  he  found  two  per- 
sons, sent  by  his  friends  in  Haverhill  to  solicit  his 
return.  He  readily  accepted  their  invitation,  and 
went  back  the  next  day  to  Haverhill,  where  he 
was  received  with  many  expressions  of  aiTection 
and  gratitude." 

The  church  in  Haverhill  was  organized  May  9, 
1705,  and  its  pastor  publicly  recoirnized  Nov.  12, 
170f),  and  he  held  that  position  for  forty  years. 
Faithful  to  the  trusts  that  were  committed  to  his 
hands,  he  felt  it  to  be  his  duty  no  less  than   hia 


SMITH 


Km 


SMITH 


privilege  to  preach  the  gospel  in  the  regions  be- 
yond the  field  of  his  own  special  cultivation.  Ac- 
oordingly,  acting  under  the  direction  and  by  the  ad- 
vice of  his  church,  he  would  stiwt  out,  accompanied 
by  one  or  two  of  his  nieinTiers,  to  make  evangel- 
izing tours  through  destitute  sections  of  New  Ilaiup- 
■shire  and  the  district  of  Maine.  Returning  from 
these  towns,  he  would  call  the  church  together,  as 
the  apostles  did  in. primitive  times,  and  rehearse  the 
wonderful  things  which  God  had  wrought  by  their 
hands.  Persons  holding  Baptist  views,  but  living 
too  far  away  from  any  church  of  their  own  faith 
and  order,  would  be  brought  into  vital  relations 
■with  the  Haverhill  church.  In  the  course  of  time 
the  population  would  increase  in  the  places  where 
these  persons  lived,  and  there  would  be  encourage- 
ment to  form  Baptist  churches  out  of  these  scat- 
tered materials.  "Thirteen  churches"  we  are  told 
were  thus  established  by  the  action  of  the  Haver- 
hill church  and  the  evangelizing  labors  of  its  min- 
isters and  members. 

In  connection  with  such  friends  of  religious  free- 
dom as  Backus,  President  Manning,  his  friend  and 
college  classmate,  and  others  of  kindred  spirit,  he 
labored  incessantly  to  have  the  Baptists  delivered 
from  the  oppression  which  they  suEFered  from  the 
standing  order.  He  took,  moreover,  the  deepest 
interest  in  the  prosperity  of  the  new  college  which 
had  been  established  in  Rhode  Island,  and  at  one 
time  was  absent  nearly  ,nine  months  collecting 
funds  for  it.  When  the  war  of  the  Revolution 
broke  out,  he  was  appointed  chaplain  in  the  Amer- 
ican army.  Here  he  was  brought  into  terms  of  in- 
timate relations  with  Gen.  Washington,  and  enjoyed 
the  confidence  and  friendship  of  that  great  and  good 
man.  As  soon  as  he  could  be  released  from  his 
duties  in  the  army  he  gladly  returned  to  his  be- 
loved church,  and  took  up  his  ministerial  and  pas- 
toral work  where  he  had  laid  it  down.  Preaching 
in  the  sacred  desk,  and  from  house  to  house,  liter- 
ally "in  season  and  out  of  season,"  making  his 
evangelical  tours  through  difierent  sections  of  New 
England  ;  his  coming  was  everywhere  hailed  with 
delight,  now  in  the  "backwoods"  of  Maine,  now 
among  the  grand  old  hills  of  New  Hampshire,  and 
now  attending  the  meetings  of  the  corporation  of 
Brown  University  in  Rhode  Island  ;  such  is  a  pic- 
ture of  the  life  of  one  of  the  busiest  ministers  of 
his  times.  "He  often  expressed  the  wish,"  says 
Dr.  S.  F.  Smith,  "  that  he  might  not  outlive  his 
usefulness,  and  his  desire  was  graciously  fulfilled. 
He  preached  for  the  last  time,  among  his  people, 
on  the  Saljbath,  from  John  xii.  24  :  '  Except  a  corn 
of  wheat  fall  into  the  ground  and  die,  it  abideth 
alone;  but  if  it  die,  it  bringoth  forth  much  fruit.' 
The  sermon  was  unusually  impressive,  and  a  re- 
vival of  religion  followed,  to  which  it  seemed  intro- 
ductory.   On  the  Thursday  succeeding  he  was  seized 


with  paralysis,  and  spoke  no  more.  Ilis  life-work 
was  finished  and  its  record  complete.  He  lay  a 
week  in  this  condition,  and  died  Jan.  22,  1805,  in 
the  sixty-eighth  year  of  his  age  and  the  forty-second 
of  his  ministry." 

It  is  not  ditticult  to  assign  the  place  which  Ileze- 
kiah  Smith  will  always  be  regarded  as  having  held- 
ampng  the  Baptist  fathers  of  New  England.  It  is 
safe  to  say  that  no  man  did  more  than  he  to  give  char- 
acter to  the  denomination  which  had  to  fight  everv 
step  of  its  way  in  securing  for  itself  a  f.iothold^and 
at  last  a  permanent  home  in  the  Eastern  States. 
There  was  no  gOod  cause  in  which  he  did  not  take 
an  interest.  He  lived  a  most  useful  life.  Like  one 
of  kindred  spirit  who  came  after  him, — Dr.  Baldwin. 
— the  summons  to  depart  and  be  with  Christ  came 
suddenly,  but  found  him  prepared  for  it.  Devout 
and  loving  hands  laid  him  away  in  his  grave,  with 
many  of  his  own  parishioners  sleeping  by  his  side, 
and  his  own  dust  mingling  with  that  of  the  friends 
of  his  youth  and  the  co-workers  of  his  riper  years. 

Smith,  Rev.  James,  widely  known  as  the  author 
of  the  "  Daily  Remembrancer"  and  other  evangel- 
ical works  of  large  circulation,  was  born  Nov.  19, 
1802.  When  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age  he  was 
baptized  and  admitted  into  the  Baptist  church  of 
his  native  place, — Brentford,  England.  Manifest- 
ing gifts  of  utterance,  he  was  encouraged  to  preach ; 
but  he  was  slow  to  "yield  to  the  solicitations  of  his 
pastor  and  the  brethren.  In  1829  he  was  invited 
to  become  pastor  of  a  congregation  in  Cheltenham, 
to  which  he  had  preached  as  a  probationer  for 
several  months.  Soon  after  his  settlement  in 
Cheltenham  he  was  convinced  of  the  duty  of 
pointedly  addressing  the  unconverted,  to  which 
many  of  his  friends  vehemently  objected.  lie 
therefore  withdrew  from  the  edifice  where  he  had 
hitherto  ministered  and  organized  a  new  church 
in  1835.  His  ministry  was  remarkably  successful 
until  1S41,  when  he  removed  to  the  New  Park  Street 
church,  London,  now  the  Jletropolitan  Tabernacle. 
His  London  ministry  was  not  unsuccessful,  but  he 
never  felt  the  comfort  and  encouragement  he  had 
enjoyed  in  his  old  field.  Failing  health  at  length 
led  him  to  leave  London.  He  preached  at  Byrom 
Street,  Liverpool,  in  1850  for  a  short  time,  and 
subsequently  at  Shrewsbury.  At  length,  in  1852, 
he  returned  to  Cheltenham.  Here  old  friends  ral- 
lied around  him,  many  new  friends  were  raised  up, 
and  the  remainder  of  his  life  till  the  period  of  his 
final  illness  was  spent  in  building  up  a  large  and 
important  church,  and  in  every  good  word  and 
work.  A  new  edifice,  called  Cambray  chapel,  was 
built  and  opened  in  1855.  In  18G1  he  was  attacked 
by  paralysis,  and,  although  he  partially  recovered, 
and  his  life  was  prolonged,  his  public  labors  were 
ended.  He  died  Dec.  14, 1862.  Only  great  energy 
of  character  and  earnestness  of  purpose  could  have 


SMITH 


1007 


SMITH 


sustained  him  amidst  such  iiuiltifarious  exertions, 
and  doubtless  liis  constitution,  though  naturally 
vigorous,  succumbed  to  a  pressure  too  great  for  its 
strength.  II(!  had  the  f)en  of  a  ready  writer.  No 
fewer  than  forty  distinct  productions  were  given 
to  the  press,  and  he  was  a  constant  an<l  always 
acceptable  contril)utor  to  several  religious  periodi- 
cals. His  writings  are  characterized  by  great  plain- 
ness of  diction,  remarkable  felicity  of  Scripture 
quotation  and  illustration,  and  an  exuberant  ricli- 
ness  of  Christian  experience.  Cultivated  persons 
iif  all  ranks  as  well  as  unlettered  Christians  l)ought 
James  Smith's  little  books.  They  had  an  immense 
sale ;  but  as  he  wrote  mainly  with  a  view,  as  he 
said,  to  the  poor  of  the  Lord's  flock,  his  books  were 
published  at  a  very  cheap  rate,  and  the  author's 
profits  were  not  larg(>.  By  his  preaching  and  his 
pen  he  turned  many  to  righteousness,  and  few 
ministers  of  any  denomination,  who  were  contem- 
porary with  him,  were  worthier  to  be  con.sidered  a 
master  in  Israel. 

Smith,  Rev.  James  F.,  was  })oni  in  Jessamine 
Co.,  Ky.,  in  1811;  made  a  profession  of  religion 
when  twenty-four  years  of  age,  and  was  baptized 
by  Rev.  Jeremiah  Taylor,  of  .Marion  Co.,  Mo.,  who 
was  the  fir.st  pastor  of  the  Bethel  Baptist  church. 

Brother  Smith  was  ordained  in  IS43.  lie  h.as 
helped  to  organize  many  churches,  and  has  labored 
a  great  deal  in  revival  meetings.  Over  1200  per- 
sons have  been  baptized  by  Iutu  uj)!)!!  a  profession 
of  faith,  and  as  many  more  have  been  converted 
in  meetings  he  has  held  who  were  baptized  by 
other  pastors.  He  has  for  nearly  forty  years  been 
a  standard-bearer  of  the  Cross  in  North  Missouri, 
where  he  is  now  an  active  and  highly  esteemed 
Christian  minister. 

Smith,  James  "Wheaton,  D.D.,  was  born  at 
Providence,  K.  1.,  June  20,  18215.  His  father,  Hon. 
Noah  Smith,  served  the  State  in  both  branches  of 
the  Legislature,  was  a  member  of  the  governor's 
council,  secretary  of  state  in  Maine,  and  candidate 
for  governor,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1867, 
was  chief  legislative  clerk  in  the  United  States 
Senate.  His  mother's  maiden  name  was  Hannah 
D.  Wiieaton,  a  near  relative  of  Mr.  Henry  Wheaton, 
author  of  "  International  Law"'  and  "  History  of 
the  Northmen."' 

His  parents  removed  to  Calais,  Me.,  when  he  was 
ten  years  of  age.  He  was  baptiz(,'d  in  his  twelfth 
year  by  Rev.  James  Iluckiiis,  and  united  with  the 
Calais  church,  then  recently  formeil,  of  which  his 
father  was  a  deacon  and  his  mother  a  devoted 
member.  lie  was  one  of  sixty  children  baptized 
about  the  same  time  into  the  fellowship  of  that 
church.  Entered  Brown  University  in  1S44,  and 
graduated  in  1848,  receiving  the  "Jackson  pre- 
mium" for  the  best  essay  on  Moral  Philosophy  ; 
graduated  from  Newton  'J'heolojiical  Institution  in 


18.")!.  While  yet  a  student  at  Newton  was  ordained 
pastor  of  the  Worthen  Street  church,  Lowell,  Mass. 
In  1853  he  became  pastor  of  the  Spruce  Street 
church,   Philailelphia,  and   has  remained   in   con- 


JAMES    WHEATON    SMITH.   D.D. 

tinuous  pastoral  relations  with  that  people  to  the 
present  time.  In  1870,  under  his  efficient  leader- 
ship, a  colony  -went  out  from  the  Spruce  Street 
church  to  a  growing  and  important  centre  of  popu- 
lation and  organized  the  Beth  Eden  church,  whose 
beautiful  sanctuary  at  the  corner  of  Broad  and 
Spruce  Streets,  one  of  the  most  .attractive  church 
buildings  in  the  city,  was  recently  burned  down. 
In  this  new  field  of  labor  he  continued  in  pastoral 
service  until  1880,  when  his  impaired  health  in- 
duced him  to  tender  his  resignation  ;  whereupon 
the  church  immediately  elected  him  ''  Pastor  Emer- 
itus." He  continues  in  their  f'oliovvship,  and  his 
increasing  strength  gives  promise  of  many  years 
of  useful  labor.  He  received  the  degree  of  D.D. 
in  1802  from  the  university  at  Lewisburg. 

Dr.  Smith  has  been  long  and  prominently  identi- 
fied with  the  various  educational  and  missionary 
societies  of  the;  denomination,  and  has  frequently 
been  called  upon  to  aid  in  the  management  of  im- 
portant secular  and  religious  trusts.  During  what 
may  be  called  the  forcing  perioil  in  Philadelphia 
no  man  has  exerted  a  wider  influence.  It  was  often 
his  to  set  the  key-note  of  denominational  thought 
and  feeling,  and  shape  some  of  the  grandest  enter- 
prises in  the  State.  He  is  a  man  of  commanding 
presence,  and  is  possessed  of  rare  pulpit  talents.  His 
manners  are  easy   and  graceful,  and   his  diction 


SMITH 


1068 


{SMITH 


fluent  and  elegant.  He  preaches  without  notes, 
and  develops  his  subject  withlogical  clearness  and 
magnetic  power.  He  is  an  adept  in  polemics,  and, 
although  his  discourses  are  maa'ked  by  a  fullness  of 
catholicity,  he  is  nevertheless  quick,  forceful,  and 
tender  in  his  defense  of  "  the  faith  once  delivered 
to  the  saints."  He  has  been  a  frequent  contributor 
to  denominational  literature,  and  the  "  Life  of  John 
P.  Croicer,"  published  in  1868,  is  a  beautiful  prod- 
uct of  his  graphic  pen. 

Smith,  Judge  J.  B.,  an  eloquent  preacher  and 
distinguished  jurist  at  Clinton,  La.,  believed  to 
have  been  a  native  of  Virginia,  came  to  Louisiana 
in  1832  as  a  missionary  of  the  American  Baptist 
Home  Missionary  Society,  and  labored  in  the  Red 
River  region  ;  in  1836  he  aided  in  the  constitution 
of  the  church  at  Clinton,  La.  He  located  here  and 
engaged  successfully  in  the  practice  of  the  law, 
preaching  in  the  surrounding  country ;  was  district 
judge  for  one  or  more  terms  ;  fell  a  victim  to  yellow 
fever  in  1868. 

Smith,  J.  Byington,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Scroon, 
N.  Y.,  May  1,  1830.  He  was  baptized  by  Rev. 
John  Smitzer  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Baptist 
church  of  Elbridge,  N.  Y.,  in  1846.  He  was  gradu- 
ated from  the  University  and  the  Theological  Semi- 
nary of  Rochester,  He  labored  awhile  in  Dunkirk, 
where  he  was  ordained  to  the  work  of  the  ministry 
in  1854.  In  1855  he  settled  at  Fayetteville,  N.  Y., 
where  he  remained  five  years,  during  which  many 
additions  were  made  to  the  church  by  biiptisni. 

In  1860  he  settled  with  the  Farmerville  Baptist 
church,  where  his  pastorate  continued  six  years, 
during  which  a  fine  house  of  worship  was  built. 
From  1866  to  1869  he  filled  the  office  of  chaplain 
of  the  prison  at  Sing  Sing,  on  the  Hudson.  The 
other  officers  in  charge  said  he  was  the  most  suc- 
cessful chaplain  ever  chosen  to  fill  that  place. 

In  1869  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist 
church  of  Geneva,  N.  Y.,  which  continued  seven 
years.  He  then  spent  a  year  traveling  in  Europe, 
and  on  his  return  settled  as  pastor  of  the  church 
of  Peckskill,  N.  Y.  While  chaplain  in  Sing  Sing 
he  published  the  "Prison  Hymn  Book,''  a  selection 
well  adapted  to  prisoners,  which  is  still  in  use 
in  some  of  the  prisons.  He  is  also  the  author 
of  "  Sayings  and  Doings  of  Children,"  published 
by  U.  D.  Ward,  and  "  Sunday-School  Concert  Exer- 
cises." Several  of  his  sermons  and  public  addresses 
have  also  been  published. 

Smith,  Hon.  John,  the  first  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Ohio,  organized  at  Columbiii, 
near  Cincinnati,  in  1790.  Mr.  Smith  was  a  man 
of  fine  natural  abilities  and  most  pleasing  address, 
and  became  so  popular  in  the  new  State  that  he 
was  elected  a  United  States  Senator  during  the 
administration  of  Jefferson,  and  spent  the  rest  of 
his  life  in  political  and  public  affairs. 


Smith,  John  Lawrence,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  one  of 

the  most  distinguished  scientists  in  the  United 
States,  and  equally  distinguished  in  Europe,  was 
born  near  Charleston,  S.  C,  Dec.  16,  1818.     He 


^mlSSW^ 


JOHN    LAWRENCE    SMITH,  M.D..  I.L.D. 

was  educated  in  Charleston  College  and  in  the 
University  of  Virginia.  At  first  he  selected  civil 
engineering  for  his  profession.  After  devoting  two 
years  to  the  study  of  its  various  branches,  in- 
cluding geology  and  mining,  he  was  employed  as 
assistant  engineer. on  the  Charleston  and  Cincin- 
nati Railroad.  This  pursuit  pr(n'ing  uncongenial, 
he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine,  and  grad- 
uated in  the  medical  school  of  the  University  of 
South  Carolina,  and  then  pursued  his  education 
for  three  years  in  France  and  Germany.  Upon 
returning  to  the  United  States,  in  1844,  he  com- 
menced the  practice  of  medicine  at  Charleston,  and 
shortly  afterwards  received  the  appointment  of  as- 
sayer  of  bullion  for  South  Carolina.  At  the  re- 
quest of  the  sultan,  he  was  selected  by  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  in  1846,  to  instruct 
Turkish  agriculturists  in  the  methods  of  culti- 
vating cotton.  On  his  arrival  in  Turkey  he  was 
appointed  mining  engineer  to  the  Turkish  govern- 
ment, and  occupied  theposition  four  years,  made 
extensive  mineralogical  explorations,  and  published 
a  report  "  On  the  Thermal  AVaters  of  Asia  Minor" 
in  1849.  On  his  return  from  Turkey  he  was  instru- 
mental in  the  discovery  of  deposits  of  emery  and 
corundum  in  the  United  States.  Ho  invented,  in 
1851,  the  inverted  microscope,  and  in  that  year  was 
elected  Professor  of  Chemistry  in  the  University  of 


SMITH 


1069 


SMITH 


Virginiii.  He  was  married  to  the  d;uir!;htcr  of  Hon. 
Jaiiiesi  Guthrie,  of  Louisville,  Ky.,  and  settled  in 
that  city  about  1850,  and  was  appointed  to  the 
chair  of  CIuMiiistry  in  the  medical  department  of 
the  University  of  Louisville.  He  held  this  jidsitioii 
several  years,  and  then  resiirned  to  take  eharije  of 
tiie  scientific  department  of  the  Louisville  (Jaa- 
\Vorl<s,  which  position  lie  still  retains.  About 
l.'^.').")  he  mad(!  a  profession  of  reli;;iori,  and  united 
with  the  Walnut  Street  Baptist  church  in  Louis- 
ville, of  which  he  has  since  been  a  pious,  faithful, 
and  useful  member.  Addinit  his  own  fortune  to 
that  of  his  most  excellent  Christian  wife,  he  pos- 
sesses abundant  means  for  indulginj;  his  fondness 
for  study,  invcstij^ation,  and  scientific  labor.  He 
has  made  many  discoveries  and  inventions.  His 
original  researches  are  embraced  in  upwards  of 
seventy  papers,  a  list  of  which  has  been  published 
by  the  Ixoyal  Society  of  Kn^land.  He  is  a  meni- 
iber  of  the  American  National  Academy  of  Sciences, 
etc.,  inembre  corr6spondant  do  I'lnstitut  de  France 
{Academic  des  Sciences),  etc.,  meml)er  of  the  Chem- 
ical Society  of  Berlin,  of  the  Chemical  Society  of 
Paris,  of  the  Chemical  Society  of  London,  of  the 
Soci^te  d'I']ncournirement  pour  1"  Industrie  Na- 
tionale,  of  the  Imperial  Mineralogical  Society  of 
St.  Petersliurg,  corresponding  member  of  the  Bos- 
ton Society  of  Natural  History,  of  the  American 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  of  the  American 
Philosophical  Society,  American  Bureau  of  Mines, 
the  Society  des  Sciences  et  des  Arts  de  Ilainaut, 
etc.,  Ciievalier  de  la  Legion  d'llonneur,  member  of 
the  Order  of  Nichan  Iftahar  of  Turkey,  member 
of  the  Order  of  Mijiddeh  of  Turkey,  Chevalier  of 
the  Imperial  Order  of  St.  Stanislaus  of  Russia. 

Smith,  Rev.  Joseph,  was  born  in  Ilampstcad, 
N.  II..  Jan.  31,  ISOS.  lie  worked  on  his  father's 
farm  until  he  reached  theage  of  nineteen.  Feeling  it 
to  be  his  duty  to  prepare  for  the  Christian  ministry, 
he  commenced  his  studies  at  the  New  Hampton 
Academy,  and  then  repaired  to  the  Newton  Theo- 
logical Institution  with  the  purpose  of  completing 
them  there.  Impressed,  however,  with  theconviction 
that  it  would  be  wise  to  extend  his  course  of  study, 
he  wont  through  Brown  University,  graduating  in 
1S37.  On  leaving  college  he  was  ordained  pastor  of 
the  church  in  Woonsocket,  II.  I.,  where  he  remained 
until  1841,  when  he  removed  to  Newport,  11.  I., 
where  he  was  the  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
for  nine  years.  It  was  a  season  of  prosperity  with 
the  church.  He  resigned  his  pastorate  in  1850, 
and  after  two  years  he  became  pastor  of  the  church 
in  Grafton,  Mass.,  and  remained  such  for  five  years. 
After  a  brief  connection  witii  the  "Female  Colle- 
giate Institute,"  in  Worcester,  he  took  charge,  in 
1852,  of  the  church  in  North  O.xford,  Mass.,  where 
he  remained  until  his  death,  which  occurred  sud- 
denly, April  20),  1S66. 


Smith,  Rev.  Josiah  Torrey,  was  born  at  Wil- 
liauistown,  Mass.,  Aug.  4,  1815.  He  made  a  pro- 
fession of  faith  at  the  early  age  of  fourteen,  being 
baptized  in  December,  1829.  He  fitted  for  college 
at  Cummington  and  Williamstown,  and  graduated 
at  Williams  College  in  the  class  of  1842.  His  theo- 
logical studies  were  pursued  at  Newton,  and  he 
was  ordained  at  Lanesborough,  Mass.,  in  1845. 
Mr.  Smith  has  served  the  following  Baptist 
churches:  Lanesborough,  Sandisfield,  and  Hins- 
dale, in  Massachusetts;  Bristol,  in  Connecticut; 
Amherst,  Mass.,  Woodstock,  Conn.,  and  Warwick, 
K.  I.  Besides  performing  his  ministerial  and  pas- 
toral work,  h(!  hiis  found  time  for  the  preparation 
of  articles  for  some  of  our  leading  quarterlies,  and 
for  the  daily  secular  and  weekly  religious  press. 
He  has  written  for  the  Hihlic.dl  Repository,  the 
C'/in'.sii(iu  Review,  tlic  Cunfiregdlioaal  Review,  the 
Baptist  Qaarterbj,  and  the  Bapdist  Missionari/ 
Magazine.  He  has  also  contributed  to  the  Watch- 
man, the  Christian  Era,  the  Christian  Secretary. 
and  the  New  York  Examiner.  lie  has  published 
the  following  treatises  on  subjects  <;onnectcd  with 
Baptist  sentiments:  "Review  of  Peters  on  Bap- 
tism," "The  Covenant  of  Circumcision,  Consid- 
ered in  its  Relation  to  Christian  Baptism,"  "  New 
Testament  and  Historical  Arguments  for  Infant 
Baptism  Considered."  One  or  two  other  pam- 
phlets, the  production  of  his  pen,  have  been  pub- 
lished. The  present  residence  of  Mr.  Smith  is 
Warwick,  R.  I. 

Smith,  Justin  A.,  D.D.,  was  born  on  the  29th 
of  December,  1819,  at  Ticonderoga,  N.  Y.  His 
father,  Almerin  Smith,  was  a  man  of  influence 
and  ability,  and  encouraged  the  literary  tastes 
early  developed  in  his  .son.  At  the  age  of  fifteen 
he  studied  one  year  at  New  Hampton  Literary  and 
Theological  Institute.  Soon  after  his  return  home  he 
was  converted,  and  united  with  the  Baptist  church 
in  Ticonderoga.  After  three  years'  suspension  of 
study,  save  such  as  could  be  carried  on  privately, 
and  a  few  months  of  study  in  North  Granville 
Academy,  he  entered  Union  College,  Schenectady, 
N.  Y.,  graduating  in  1843,  Dr.  Alonzo  Putter  being 
then  acting  president,  although  Dr.  Nott,  so  famous 
in  his  time,  was  still  alive,  and  by  no  means  past 
service.  After  graduation  he  served  one  year  as 
principal  of  Union  Academy,  at  Bennington,  Vt. 
His  thoughts,  however,  had  been  directed  towards 
the  ministry,  and  at  the  solicitation  of  the  people 
he  preached  a  few  times  for  them.  The  church  of 
North  Bennington  having  urgently  called  him  to 
the  pastorate,  he  at  once  relinquished  his  project 
of  teaching,  and  assumed  the  pastoral  care  of  the 
church.  Here  he  remained  five  years.  From  it 
he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  where  he  labored  for 
five   more   years.     In    1853,   having   resigned    his 


SMITH 


1070 


SMITH 


charjfe  at  Rochester,  lie  removed  to  (Jliic;i;;o,  111., 
and  became  associated  with  Rev.  Leroy  Ciiuri-h  in 
the  editorship  of  the  Christian  Times.  Hero  lie 
found  the  sphere  of  labor  to  jvhich  his  tastes  and 


JUSTIN    A.  SMITH,    D.D. 

talents  most  adapted  him,  and  in  the  management 
of  this  paper  he  has  continued  up  to  the  present 
time.  Dr.  Smith,  after  twenty-eight  years  of  edi- 
torship, still  maintains  the  principal  editorial  con- 
trol of  the  paper,  now  called  the  Standard,  and 
with  no  less  vigor  and  ability  than  at  his  first  con- 
nection with  it. 

Besides  his  journalistic  labors  during  this  period, 
he  has  engaged  extensively  and  influentially  in 
churcli  work.  It  has  been  his  privilege  to  lead  in 
the  organization  of  three  Baptist  churches  of  the 
city  which  have  had  creditable  histories  :  the  North 
Baptist  church,  in  1857,  the  Indiana  Avenue,  in 
18G3,  of  which  he  was  pastor  five  years,  and  the 
University  Place  church,  which  he  served  for  Some 
months,  leaving  it  for  an  extended  European  tour 
for  travel  and  study,  and  also  in  part  for  attendance 
at  the  Vatican  Council  at  Rome  in  18G9. 

Not  a  few  c.'icellent  books  have  come  from  Dr. 
Smith's  pen,  the  best  known  being  the  "  INIemoir 
of  Nathaniel  (Solver,''  the  "  Shetland  Apostle,"  tiie 
"  Spirit  in  the  Word,"'  and  '"  Patmos  ;  or,  the 
Kingdom  and  the  Patience.''  One  or  two  other 
works  are  now  in  process  of  preparation.  He  has 
devoted  no  little  time  and  energy  to  the  educational 
interests  of  the  denomination,  having  been  con- 
nected as  a  trustee  with  the  University  of  Chicago 
and  the  Theological   Sominarv  from  their  founda- 


tion. He  Is  at  present  giving  two  courses  of  lec- 
tures each  year  in  the  seminary,  and  is  thus  en- 
abled to  n)eet  jiersonally  and  to  strongly  inlluence 
many  of  the  young  men  who  assume  the  care  of 
churches.  Ilis  writings  are  in  a  marked  manner 
chaste  and  elegant  in  diction,  comprehensive  in 
thought,  while  the  spirit  is  that  of  aii  humble  dis- 
ciple of  the  Master. 

Smith,  Rev.  Lewis,  was  born  in  Chester  Co.. 
Pa.,  July  20,  1820.  His  father  was  Rev.  Samuel 
Smith,  a  Baptist  pastor.  When  twenty  years  old* 
he  was  converted,  and  baptized  by  Rev.  A.  D.  Gil- 
lette ;  studied  at  Hamilton  ;  became  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Ilatborongh,  Pa.  ;  spent  several  years 
as  a  missionary  in  New  Mexico;  returned  in  1855. 
and  settled  with  the  First  church  of  Trenton.  In 
1858  he  became  pastor  of  the  large  and  prosperous 
churcli  at  Hightstown.  In  1864  his  failing  health 
warned  him  to  seek  a  change.  While  on  a  journey 
in  Minnesota  he  departed  to  his  rest  on  Aug.  24. 
1864.  He  was  an  eloquent  and  powerful  preacher. 
A  number  of  his  sermons  have  been  published  in 
a  memorial  volume.  Ilis  brotherly  affection,  out- 
spoken patriotism,  glowing  devotion  to  the  mis- 
sionary cause,  and  deep  personal  piety  were  well 
known  to  all  who  were  acquainted  Avith  him. 

Smith,  Rev.  Lucius,  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Verona,  Wis.,  is  a  native  of  Westmore- 
land, Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  born  in 
1830.  He  was  educated  at  Phillips  Academy,  Ex- 
eter, N.  II.,  and  ordained  to  the  work  of  the  Chris- 
tian ministry  at  Bristol,  Wis.,  in  1866.  In  April. 
1868,  he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Stoughton,  Wis.,  where  be  remained  five 
years,  developing  fine  aliilities  as  a  preacher  and 
pastor.  In  1873  he  was  called  to  the  vacant  pas- 
torate at  Verona,  Wis.,  and  his  second  pastorate 
still  continues.  He  is  an  earnest,  natural,  simple, 
;(nd  strong  preacher  of  the  gospel. 

Smith,  Lucius  E.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  ■\^  illiams- 
town,  Mass.,  Jan.  29,  1822,  and  graduated  at  Wil- 
liams College  in  the  class  of  1843.  He  read  law 
in  the  office  of  Hon.  D.  N.  Dewey,  of  Williams- 
town,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1845.  lie 
was  associate  editor  of  the  Hartford  Daily  Courant 
i  for  a  time,  and  editor  of  the  Free-Soil  Advocate  in 
1848.  In  1849  he  was  associated  with  Hon.  Henry 
}Vilson  in  editing  the  Boston  Repuhlican.  During 
the  years  1849-1854  he  was  assistant  in  the  secre- 
tary's department  of  the  American  Baptist  Mis- 
sionary Union.  The  next  three  years  he  spent  at 
N'cwton,  graduating  with  the  class  of  1857,  and 
was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Gro- 
ton,  Mass.,  in  1858,  continuing  in  office  until  1805, 
when  he  was  appointed  Professor  of  Rhetoric  and 
Pastoral  Theology  in  the  University  of  Lewisbiirg, 
Pa.,  which  position  he  held  nntil  1808.  During 
one  year  of  this  time  he  was  the  editor  of  the  Bap- 


SMITH 


1071 


SMITH 


fist  Quar/erlj/.  In  1808  he  entered  upon  his  duties 
as  litoriiry  editor  of  tlie  Kxaiiiiner  mid  C/nonide, 
and  held  that  offiee  until  ISTii,  when  he  was  called 
to  the  ciiair  of  editor  oF  the  Watchman,  which  place 
he  now  occupies. 

Dr.  Smith's  editorial  callinj;;  seems  to  be  the  one 
for  which  lie  has  s[)ecial  and  most  superior  qualifi- 
cations. His  experience  in  this  line  goes  hack  to 
his  student  days,  when  for  a  year  ho  was  editor  of 
the  WiUianis  Miscellany,  a  college  magazine.  Pres- 
ident Hopkins  said  at  the  expiration  of  that  year's 
work,  "  I  do  not  believe  you  are  done  with  editing. 
[  am  inclined  to  think  it  is  your  vocation."  The 
event  has  justified  the  correctness  of  his  confident 
assertions.  Besides  articles  contributed  to  reviews, 
magazines,  and  various  newspapers,  Dr.  Smith 
published,  in  1852,  "  Heroes  and  Martyrs  of  the 
Missionary  Enterprise,  with  an  Historical  Review 
of  Earlier  Missions."'  The  degree  of  D.D.  was 
conferred  upon  him  in  ISO'.)  by  Williams  College. 
Dr.  Smith  is  one  of  the  abl(;st  and  best  men  in  the 
denomination. 

Smith,  Martin  Henry,  A.M.,  present  piincipal 

of  the  Connecticut  Literary  Institution,  eldest  sou 
of  Henry  and  Lydia  Smith,  was  born  in  Suflield, 
Conn.,  Aug.  5.  183^5;  converted  at  the  age  of  six- 
teen ;  baptized  by  Dr.  Dwight  Ives  into  the  fel- 
lowship of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  SufBeld  ; 
urepared  for  college  at  the  Connecticut  Literary 
Institution;  entered  Williams  College  in  18r)3,  and 
graduated  in  1857  ;  for  two  subsequent  years  taught 
mathematics  in  Connecticut  Literary  Institution  ; 
in  1859  was  elected  principal  of  Maysville  Literary 
Institute,  at  Maysville,  Ky.,  a  high  school  chartered 
with  collegiate  privileges,  and  remained  until  June. 
1880,  when  he  was  elected  principal  of  the  Connec- 
ticut Literary  Institution  ;  was  prominently  iden- 
tified with  the  Baptists  of  Kentucky  ;  has  con- 
tributed valuable  articles  to  denominational  and 
educational  journals. 

Smith,  Judg'e  Perrin  M.,  was  born  in  Middle- 
bury,  N.  Y.,  in  1811.  At  the  Wyoming  Academy, 
at  the  age  of  nineteen,  he  was  converted,  and  joined 
the  Baptist  Church  ;  studied  law,  and  entered  upon 
its  practice  in  Leroy  ;  came  to  Centreville,  Mich., 
in  1849.  He  was  the  chief  supporter  of  the  church 
in  that  place,  and  a  brotherly  helper  in  all  the 
churches.  As  a  trustee  of  Kalamazoo  College,  he 
was  earnest  and  judicious,  expecting  great  things 
from  it,  and  attempting  great  things  for  it.  Added 
ti)  the  contributions  of  his  life  were  large  bequests 
for  the  college  in  his  will,  which,  unhappily,  failed 
of  realizing  his  designs  through  disastrous  litiga- 
tions. He  was  honest  and  manly  in  his  profession, 
and  incorruptible  upon  the  bench,  from  which  death 
suddenly  took  him  in  ISfifi. 

Smith,  Robert,  the  Martyr,  was  in  the  em- 
ployment of  Sir  Thomas  Smith,  provost  of  Eton 


College  in  1555.  Then  he  caine  to  the  Windsor 
College,  where  he  had  a  clerkship  of  ten  pounds  a 
year.  He  was  tall  and  slender  in  stature,  very 
active  in  his  labors,  and  invested  with  great  powers 
of  mind.  The  ferocious  Bonner,  bloody  Mary's  prin- 
cipal inquisitor  in  murdering  the  saints  of  Jesus, 
met  in  him  an  intellectual  giant,  who  could  expose 
his  sophistries  in  a  moment  and  <lefv  his  rage. 
When  he  found  Christ  precious  to  his  soul  he  was 
filled  with  a  glowing  enthusiasm  and  a  fearless 
courage  which  made  him  despise  danger  and  death. 
He  was  deprived  of  his  clerkship  by  Mary's  visit- 
ors, and  brought  to  Newgate  by  command  of  the 
council. 

He  was  led  in  due  time  ])efore  Bunner,  and  we 
give  a  few  of  the  <iuestions  and  answers  of  his  ex- 
amination : 

BoMNER. — "  How  long  is  it  since  you  confessed 
to  any  priest?" 

Smith. — "  Never  since  I  had  years  of  discretion. 
For  I  never  saw  it  needful,  neither  was  I  com- 
manded of  God  to  show  my  faults  to  any  of  that 
sinful  number  whom  you  call  priests." 

Bonner. — "  How  long  is  it  since  you  received  the 
sacrament  of  the  altar?" 

Smith. — "I  never  received  the  same  since  I  had 
years  of  discretion,  nor  ever  will  by  God's  grace; 
neither  do  I  esteem  the  sanie  in  any  point,  be- 
cause it  hath  not  God's  ordinance,  neither  in  name, 
nor  in  other  usage,  but  rather  is  set  up  to  mock 
God." 

Bonner. — "You  must  ))e  burne(i." 

Smith. — "You  shall  do  no  more  to  me  than  you 
havf!  done  to  better  men  than  either  of  us.  But 
think  not  thereby  to  quench  the  spirit  of  God,  or 
make  your  case  good  ;  for  your  sore  is  too  well  seen 
to  be  healed  so  privily  with  blood.  For  even  the 
very  children  have  all  your  deeds  in  derision  ;  so 
that  although  you  patch  up  one  place  with  author- 
ity, yet  shall  it  break  out  in  forty  to  your  shame." 

Bonner. — "  I  believe,  I  tell  thee,  that  if  they 
(infants)  die  before  they  be  baptized,  they  be 
damned." 

Smith. — "Ye  shall  never  be  saveil  by  that  belief. 
But  I  pray  j'ou,  my  lord,  show  me,  are  we  saved 
by  water  or  by  Christ?" 

Bonner. — "By  both." 

Smith. — "  Then  the  water  died  for  our  sins  ;  and 
so  must  ye  say  that  the  water  hath  life,  and  it 
being  our  servant  and  created  for  us,  is  our  Saviour. 
This,  my  lord,  is  a  good  doctrine,  is  it  not?"  (Acts 
and  Monuments,  vii.  pp.  .'548.  .352.     London,  1838.) 

The  protracted  examination  of  this  great  man 
shows  a  marvelous  acuteness  of  mind  and  lofty 
heroism  in  danger.  He  was  given  to  the  flames  at 
Uxbridge,  and  out  of  their  midst  he  discoursed  to 
the  s])ectators.  When  black  with  smoke  and  almost 
roas/ed,  draicn  into  a  shapeless  mass,  and  regarded 


SMITH 


1072 


SMITB 


as  dead,  he  suddenly  rose  up  before  the  people,  lift- 
ing the  stumps  of  his  arms,  and  clapping  the  same 
together,  he  told  them  of  his  ti'inmphant  joys,  and 
then,  bending  down  over  the  fire,  his  spirit  soared 
away  to  the  everlasting  glories  6f  heaven. 

Smith,  Samuel  Francis,  D.D.,  was  born  in 

Boston,  Oct.  21,  1808.     He  was  fitted  for  college  in 


SAMUEI,    FRANCIS    SMITH,   D.D. 

the  Boston  Latin  School,  and  graduated  at  Har- 
vard College  in  the  class  of  1829.  Among  his 
classmates  were  Judge  G.  T.  Bigelow,  Dr.  James 
Freeman  Clarke,  Judge  B.  R.  Curtis.  Oliver  Wen- 
dell Holmes,  M.D.,  Prof.  Benjamin  Pierce,  and 
Dr.  Chandler  Robbins.  Immediately  on  graduating 
he  went  to  the  Andovev  Theological  Seminary,  and 
completed  his  course  of  study  there  in  1832.  For 
the  next  year  and  a  half  he  was  tlie  editor  of  the 
Baptist  Missionary  Magazuic.  He  was  ordained 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  AVaterville,  Me.,  in 
February,  1832,  and  elected  at  the  same  time  Pro- 
fessor of  Modern  Languages  in  Watervilie  College. 
He  remained  in  Watervilie  eight  years,  and  then 
removed  to  Newton  Centre,  Mass.,  where  he  was 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  churcii  twelve  years  and  a 
half.  During  tliis  period  he  was  the  editor  of  tiie 
Christian  Review  from  the  commencement  of  the 
seventh  volume  to  the  close  of  tiio  thirteenth, 
writing  for  it  about  sixty  articles,  making  13S0 
pages.  In  addition  to  all  this,  he  prepared  nearly 
all  the  literary  notices  which  were  published  while 
lie  was  editor.  lie  has  been  editor  of  the  publica- 
tions of  the  American  Baptist  ]\Iissionary  Union 
for  about  seventeen  years. 


Dr.  Smith. was  the  author  of  tlie  national  hymn 
"My  Country,  'tis  of  Thee,"  and  of  the  mission- 
ary hymn  "The  Morning  Light  is  Breaking,'' 
;\nd  of  many  other  familiar  hymns.  In  connec- 
tion with  Rev.  Dr.  Baron  Stow,  he  compiled  the 
"  Psalmist,'"  which  for  many  j'ears  was  a  standard 
hymn-book  in  the  denomination  thr-oughout  the 
country.  He  has  also  published  "  Lyric  Gems" 
and  "Life  of  the  Rev.  Joseph  Grafton."  Dr. 
Smith  continues  to  reside  in  Xewton  Centre,  sup- 
plying a  neighboring  church,  and  occupied  with 
such  literary  work  as  he  finds  congenial  with* his 
tastes. 

Smith,  Prof.  S.  K.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Litch- 
field, Me.,  Oct.  17,  1817.  He  became  a  Christian 
early  in  life,  and  made  a  profession  of  religicm  in 
his  twentieth  year.  His  studies  preparatory  to 
college  were  pursued  at  the  Monmouth  and  Water- 
vilie Academies.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Watervilie 
College  in  the  class  of  1845.  Soon  after  his  grad- 
uation he  took  charge  of  Townsend  Academy,  Vt., 
where  he  remained  until  he  was  appointed  tutor  of 
Watervilie  College,  in  1846.  He  spent  one  year  at 
the  Newton  Theological  Institution,  and  then  be- 
came editor  of  Zlons  Advocate.  He  occupied  this 
position  two  years,  at  the  end  of  which  he  was 
chosen  Professor  of  Rhetoric  in  Watervilie  College. 
In  1872  he  was  ordained  as  a  minister  of  the  gos- 
pel, and  the  same  year  received  from  Colby  Uni- 
versity the  degree  of  D.D.  Dr.  Smith  is  still  con- 
nected with  Colby  University  in  the  chair  to  which 
he  was  called  in  1850. 

Smith,  Rev.  Thomas,  one  of  the  most  brilliant, 
popular,  and  consecrated  young  preachers  that  Ken- 
tucky has  ever  produced,  was  born  in  Henry  County, 
of  that  State,  in  June,  1827.  His  father  was  a  Bap- 
tist, and  a  man  of  great  wealth.  In  1845,  while 
studying  law  at  Georgetown  College,  he  professed 
religion,  and  joined  the  Baptist  Church.  He  grad- 
uated in  1846,  and  was  licensed  to  preach.  He 
spent  three  years  in  Princeton  Theological  Semi- 
nary. On  his  return  to  Henry  County  he  com- 
menced holding  meetings  in  the  churches  around 
him.  ■  He  labored  with  consuming  zeal  and  great 
power,  and  his  ministrations  were  blessed  in  the 
conversion  of  hundreds.  He  went  to  Louisville, 
united  two  small  churches,  formed  AVahnit  Street 
Baptist  church,  and  became  its  first  pastor.  After 
a  tew  months  of  labor  with  his  new  charge  his 
health  failed,  never  to  be  restored.  He  died  in 
Florida,  March  8,  1851 

Smith,  Gov.  "Wm.  E.,  was  born  in  Scotland  in 
1824.  His  parents  were  Alexander  and  Sarah 
Grant  Smith  ;  l)oth  are  dead.  He  came  with  them 
to  America  when  a  boy,  and  spent  his  youth  in 
New  York  and  Jlichigan.  He  was  married  to 
Mary  Booth  in  1849,  and  soon  afterwards  removed 
to  Wisconsin.    He  settled  at  Fox  Lake,  Dodge  Co., 


SMITH 


1073 


SMYTH 


and  enfjafjed  in  business.  Like  many  Wostern 
men  of  activity  of  liody  and  mind,  Mr.  Sinitii  took 
practical  hold  of  political  matters  as  soon  as  lie 
could  vote.     In  1851  he  was  elected  a  member  of 


GOV.  w'M.  E.  sMirn. 

the  Legislature  and  re-eiecteil  in  1S71,  when  he 
was  chosen  Speaker  of  the  house.  In  18.")S-59  lie 
was  State  senator  from  his  district,  and  he  occupied 
the  same  position  in  1864-()r).  He  was  elected 
State  treasurer  in  18GG,  and  held  the  office  for  four 
consecutive  years.  In  1858  he  was  appointed  by 
tiie  governor  of  the  State  a  member  of  the  board 
of  regents  of  normal  schools,  which  position  he 
held  until  lS7ti.  In  1874  he  was  appointed  a 
director  of  the  State  prison,  and.  retained  this 
position  until  1878.  Mr.  Smith  was  chosen  gov- 
ernor of  Wisconsin  in  1877,  and  entered  upon  the 
duties  of  his  office  in  January,  1<S78.  He  was  re- 
elected in  1879,  receiving  the  largest  majority  ever 
given  to  a  governor  in  Wisconsin.  In  addition  to 
these  public  trusts,  Gov.  Smith  has  often  been 
chosen  to  county  and  municipal  offices,  and  to  the 
position  of  director  in  banks,  insurance  companies, 
and  institutions  of  learning.  In  his  important  and 
responsil)lc  office  his  conduct  is  visible  to  all  men, 
and  it  is  without  reproach.  Ilis  intimate  friends, 
and  indeed  the  whole  people  of  the  State,  fully 
appreciate  the  rare  talents  which  he  so  ably  exer- 
cises in  his  administration.  Gov.  Smith  has  through 
his  many  years  of  public  service  not  only  nnvin- 
tained  but  increased  his  reputation  as  a  wise  and 
just  legislator,  and  faithful  and  conscientious  e.^c- 
ecutive  officer.      He    has   shown   in   all   Ids  public 


duti(^s  courage,  integrity,  justice,  and  a  steady  and 
untiring  industry.  Immediately  upon  his  settle- 
ment at  Heaver  Dam  he  united  with  the  Baptist 
church,  having  been  previously  converted  and  bap- 
tized. Of  this  church  he  was  an  active  and  useful 
member  until  his  removal  to  Milwaukee  in  1S71. 
Gov.  Smith  is  well  known  throughout  the  State  as 
an  exemplary  and  laborious  Christian,  a  practical 
and  consistent  temperance;  man,  and  a  gen(!rous 
giver  to  every  good  cause.  In  all  the  political  con- 
troversies of  his  day  no  attack  lias  been  made  upon 
his  ]n-ivate  character.  Few  men  in  his  position 
have  received  such  considerate  treatment  in  this 
respect  as  Gov.  Smith.  In  the  (!arly  history  of  the 
church  of  which  he  was  for  many  years  a  member 
lie  was  one  of  its  most  useful  men.  When  weak 
and  struggling  for  existence  he  was  its  sexton, 
usher,  Sunday-school  superintendent,  and  deacon. 
He  has  been  a  Sunday-school  teacher  nearly  all  his 
Christian  life.  In  the  early  educational  and  mis- 
sionary work  of  the  State;  he  has  taken  a  de(;p  in- 
terest. For  many  years  he  was  the  treasurer  of 
tlie  State  Convention,  and  has  always  been  a  mem- 
))or  of  its  board. 

Smyth,  Rev.  E.  T.,  was  bom  in  Lawrence  Dis- 
trict, S.  C,  June  .3,  1S2S  ;  removed  with  his  fiarents 
to  Calhoun  Co.,  Ala.,  in  1837,  where  he  has  resided 
ever  since;  was  bajitized  by  Rev.  W.  R.  Harris  in 
1843;  ordained  in  1849.  His  culture  is  of  a  highly 
useful  character.  The  first  ten  years  of  his  min- 
istry were  spent  with  village  and  country  churches, 
and  attended  with  gratifying  success.  For  twenty 
years  he  has  been  a  jiopular  past<ir  in  the  tlourisliing 
town  of  Oxford,  where;  he  lias  establislied  a  strong 
and  working  church,  gaining  for  himself  the  honor 
of  being  recognized  as  one  of  the  best  pastors  in 
the  State,  and  he  is  also  usefully  connected  with 
the  general  interests  of  tin;  denomination.  A  good 
preacher,  with  great  energy,  gifted  in  tin;  details 
of  pastoral  work,  and  distinguished  for  sound 
judgment  in  whatever  he  undertakes,  his  life  has 
been  eminently  successful. 

Smyth,  Rev.  John,  was  a  beneficed  clergyman 
of  tlie  Church  of  England,  holding  the  living  of 
Gainsborough,  in  Lincolnsiiire.  After  Robert 
Brown  gave  his  religious  doctrines  to  his  country- 
men, Mr.  Smyth  adopted  them,  and  he  became 
very  hostile  to  Episcopalian  ceremonies  and  pre- 
;  scribed  forms  of  prayer.  He  suffered  heavily  from 
the  persecuting  spirit  of  tlie  times,  and  to  escape 
its  evils  ho  and  a  great  company  of  his  followers 
fled  to  Holland  in  1606,  where  they  united  with 
the  English  Brownist  Ciinrch,  of  which  Mr.  John- 
son was  the  pastor,  and  Mr.  Ainsworth  the  teacher. 
Mr.  Smyth  adopted  sentiments  that  rendered  him 
liable  to  the  charge  of  Arminianism  :  and  lie  also 
rejected  infant  baptism.  The  Brownist  congrega- 
tion was  filled  with  agitation  about  him  ;  many  re- 


SNEED 


1074 


SOUTH  CAROLINA 


ceived  his  principles,  but  the  greatGi-  number  ex- 
pelled him  and  his  fi-icnds  ;  they  charged  him  with 
being  ''  a  murderer  of  the  souls  of  babes  and  suck- 
lings, by  depriving  tiiem  of  the  visiljle  seal  of  sal- 
vation." Several  works  were  written  against  Mr. 
Smyth's  real  and  imaginary  errors.  Mr.  Ains- 
worth,  teacher  of  the  Brownist  congregation  of 
Amsterdam,  wrote  one,  Mr.  Johnson,  the  pastor, 
published  another,  Mr.  Robinson,  minister  of  the 
Brownist  congreg'ation  of  Leyden,  issued  a  third. 
Even  the  good  bishop,  Joseph  Ilall,  printed  a  work 
against  him  and  other  Nonconformists. 

Mr.  Smyth's  enemies  bring  several  charges 
against  him  which  look  frivolous  and  ridiculous. 
The  most  important  one  was  that  he  had  baptized 
himself,  and  this  they  denounce  as  a  dreadful 
heresy.  We  see  no  evidence  to  substantiate  the 
charge. 

Mr.  Smyth  was  a  great  man  among  the  Dissent- 
ers of  his  day;  Bishop  Hall  bears ^mpiiatic  evi- 
dence on  tills  question ;  and  others  speak  with 
equal  foi'ce  about  his  prominence.  "  He  was  ac- 
counted," says  Ephraim  Paget,  "  one  of  the  gran- 
dees of  the  separation,  and  he  and  his  followers 
did  at  once,  as  it  were,  swallow  up  all  the  rest  of 
the  separation."  lie  was  the  author  of  four  works. 
He  died  in  1611. 

Sneed,  Rev.  Robert,  was  a  native  of  Virginia, 
and  removed  to  Tennessee  some  forty  years  ago ; 
was  then  a  deacon  of  the  Baptist  church.  He 
united  with  the  old  Sweetwater  church,  under  the 
pastorate  of  Rev.  Eli  Cleveland,  and  soon  after  this 
was  ordained  to  the  work  of  the  ministry.  He  was 
a  man  of  giant  mind.  "lie  preached  extensively  in 
East  Tennessee ;  was  a  good  pastor,  a  .fine  presid- 
ing officer,  and  for  many  years  was  moderator  of 
the  Sweetwater  Association,  and  also  of  the  Gen- 
eral Association.  He  was  doctrinal  in  his  style  of 
preaching.  His  influence  was  deeply  felt  in  his 
days  of  usefulness.  He  died  March  29,  1878,  in 
Knoxville,  Tenn.  He  labored  most  zealously  for 
the  salvation  of  men  until  the  last  few  years  of  his 
life,  during  which  he  suffered  great  affliction.  He 
fell  asleep  in  Jesus  in  the  full  assurance  of  the 
Master's  approbation.  His  last  words  were,  "  Glory 
to  God!" 

Snelling,  Rev.  Vincent,  was  the  first  Baptist 
niinister  (in  tlie  Pacific  coast.  He  was  born  March 
15,  1797,  in  Christian  (afterwards  Caldwell)  Co., 
Ky.,  of  Baptist  parents.  At  the  age  of  thirteen 
he  was  baptized,  suffering  much  ridicule  from  his 
companions,  some  of  whom  he  afterwards  led  to 
Christ.  Ho  was  ordained  in  Missouri.  In  1844 
he  removed  to  Oregon,  and  gave  himself  fully  to 
the  ministry.  Soon  after  his  arrival  he  organized 
a  church  at  West  Union, — the  first  Baptist  church 
west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  In  1846  he  organ- 
ized the  Yamhill  and  Lacreole  churches,  and  after- 


wards assisted  in  forming  several  others.  In  1848 
he  helped  to  organize  the  Willamette  Association, 
tlie  oldest  Baptist  Association  on  the  Pacific  coast. 
In  preaciiing  he  was  earnest  and  practical,  with 
doctrinal  tendencies.  He  was  a  thorough  pioneer 
Bible  Baptist,  and  .traveled  extensively  through 
Oregon  and  California,  convincing  men  mightily  by 
the  multitude  of  his  Scripture  proofs  and  his  posi- 
tiveness  in  stating  the  truth.  About  the  beginning 
of  1856  he  died  at  Yreka,  Cal.,  in  the  triumph  of 
Christian  faith.  The  AVillamette  Association,  at 
its  meeting  in  1856,  made  this  record  of  him  f  he 
was  "  a  pioneer  in  the  Baptist  cause  in  Oregon,  a 
strong  pillar,  and  active  co-laborer  in  the  cause  of 
Christ." 

Snyder,  Rev.  Frederick,  was  a  graduate  of 

Union  College,  N.  ¥..  and  pastor  of  the  First  church, 
Dayton,  0.,  from  1844  to  1851  :  subsequently  pas- 
tor of  churches  in  Terre  Haute,  Ind.,  and  Wil- 
liamsburg, N.  Y.,  where  he  died  July  2,  1853  ;  was 
buried  at  Dayton,  0.,  where  he  had  been  greatly 
successful  and  much  beloved. 

.  South  Carolina,  The  Baptists  of. — The  First 

Baptist  church  of  Charleston,  8.  C,  the  first  in  the 
colony,  was  probably  founded  in  Kittery,  Me.,  by 
Rev.  William  Screven,  Deacon  Humphrey  Churcii- 
wood,  and  eight  other  brethren,  with  some  sisters, 
in  September,  1682.  Persecutions  in  Maine,  it  i.s 
said  by  some,  dissolved  the  community,  and  it  is 
certain  that  they  drove  away  the  leaders  and  others 
from  that  territory.  In  the  same,  or  in  the  fol- 
lowing year,  Mr.  Screven,  with  a  number  of  his 
Kittery  brethren,  arrived  in  South  Carolina,  and 
either  regarded  their  Eastern  church  organization 
as  still  in  force  or  formed  a  new  one.  They  settled 
first  on  the  west  side  of  the  Cooper  River,  and  soon 
after  removed  to  Charleston,  then  a  village. 

The  second,  the  Ashley  River  church,  was  formed 
in'1736,  with  Rev.  Isaac  Ch.inler  as  pastor. 

The  thiid,  the  Pee  Dee,  now  the  Welsh  Neck 
church,  was  organized  in  1738.  James  James. 
Esq.,  was  the  leader  in  the  movement,  whose  son 
Philip  soon  after  became  the  pastor. 

The  fourth  church  was  the  Euhaw,  formed  in 
1746  as  an  independent  body,  having  for  some  years 
been  a  branch  of  tlic  Charleston  church.  The  old 
liuilding  was  burnt  during  the  war.  The  old 
barrel-like  pulpit  and  the  sounding-board  were  still 
preserved  because  Whitefield  had  once  preached 
there.  The  writer  saw  them  shortly  before  thoy 
were  consumed. 

THE   CII.4RLEST0N  BAPTIST  ASSOCIATION 

Vv.is  formed  in  1751.  the  first  meeting  being  held  in 
Charleston,  Oct.  21.  Rev.  Oliver  Hart  was  the 
moving  spirit.  They  obtained  from  the  Philadel- 
phia Association  Griffith's  "  Essay  on  the  Nature, 
Power,  and   Duty  of  an  Association"  as  the  basis 


HOUTH  CAROLINA 


1075 


SOUTH  CAROLINA 


of  union.  Tlio  oljjcet  was  declared  to  be  the  pro- 
motion of  tiie  Redeemer's  i<ingdoin  by  tlie  mainte- 
nance of  love  and  fellowship.  The  independence 
of  the  churches  was  asserted,  and  the  power  of  the 
body  restricted  to  an  advisory  council. 

MISSIONS. 
In  1755  they  bej^an  to  collect  funds  to  supply  the 
destitute  places  with  preaching  in  their  own  and 
in  the  adjoining  provinces,  and  the  next  year  Rev. 
John  Gano  was  sent  by  the  Philadelpliia  Associa- 
tion to  the  Yadkin  settlement,  in  North  Carolina, 
and  wherever  Providence  might  direct  his  steps, 
and  his  labors  were  eminently  successful. 

CONFESSION   OF   FAITH. 
In  1767  the  Association  adopted  the  Confession 
of  Faith   published   by  the   London    Assembly  in 
10S9.     That  year  there  were  8  ciiurches,  with  3'JO 
inenibers,  in  South  Carolina. 

CONTRIBUTIOXS. 

In  1774  a  resolution  was  adopted  by  the  Asso- 
ciation recommending  the  churches  to  contribute 
funds  for  the  Rhode  Island  College,  now  Brown 
University.  The  body  also  urged  the  churches  to 
send  funds  to  the  brethren  in  Massachusetts,  then 
suffering  for  rigiiteousness"  sake. 

The  Religious  Society  and,  afterwards,  the  Gen- 
eral Committee  were  the  agencies  through  which 
funds  for  missions  and  the  education  of  young  min- 
isters were  collected  and  disbursed.  Probably  nearly 
one  hundred  young  men  have  from  time  to  time 
shared  in  its  benefactions.  Among  these  were  the 
elder  Dr.  Brantly,  Rev.  J.  L.  Brooks,  the  venerable 
Jesse  Mercer,  and  the  writer,  who  most  gratefully 
acknowledges  his  obligation  to  the  same  source. 

KELIGIOUS  LIBERTY. 
It  is  pleasing  to  find  here,  as  everywhere  else, 
our  brethren  contending  for  complete  religious 
liberty.  In  1779  the  Charleston  Association  ap- 
pointed a  standing  committee  for  several  purposes, 
and  '■  particularly  to  treat  with  the  government  in 
behalf  of  the  churches''  for  complete  freedom  from 
political  control. 

NEW  ASSOCIATIONS. 
Churches  having  sprung  up  liere  and  there  in 
the  "  backwoods,"  the  distance  sometimes  traveled 
to  reach  the  Association,  and  the  want  of  facilities 
for  traveling,  led  to  the  formation  of  the  Bethel 
Association  in  1789.  In  1800  tlie  Broad  River 
was  constituted.  In  1802  the  Savannah  River,  the 
Saluda  in  1803,  the  Edgefield  in  1808.  and  the 
Moriah  in  1815.  Thus  did  our  Zion  "lengthen 
her  cords  and  strengthen  her  stakes,"  until,  in 
1819,  the  letter  of  the  High  Hills  church  suggested 
to  the  Charleston  Association  the  formation  of 


THR    SOUTH    CAROLINA    BAPTIST   STATE    CON- 
VENTION. 

From  their  settlement  in  South  Carolina  its  Bap- 
tist ]K"c)pIe  took  an  active  interest  in  ministerial 
education  and  missions.  In  colonial  times  they 
gave  a  large  sum  to  aid  in  establishing  Rhode 
Island  College,  now  Brown  University.  ''The  Riv 
ligious  Society''  was  founded,  in  1755,  in  the  First 
church  of  Charleston  to  aid  missions  and  minis- 
terial education.  This  society  rendered  efficient 
help  to  ministers  preaching  among  whites  and  In- 
dians, and  it  sustained,  in  whole  or  in  part,  a  num- 
ber of  candidates  for  the  ministry  who  were  under 
the  instruction  of  Rev.  Oliver  Hart  and  others. 

In  1819  both  the  Charleston  and  High  Hills 
churches  suggested  to  the  Charleston  Association 
the  propriety  of  forming  a  more  general  union  of 
the  churches  for  this  double  purpose.  The  plan 
had  been  drawn  by  Dr.  R.  Furman,  then  pastor  in 
Charleston.  This  led  to  the  meeting  of  delegates 
from  the  Charleston,  Savannah  River,  and  Edge- 
field Associations,  in  Columbia,  in  December,  1821. 
who  formed  the  Baptist  State  Convention.  Dr. 
Richard  Furman  was  its  first  president,  and  held 
that  position  until  his  death,  Aug.  25,  1S25.  His 
successors  have  been  W.  B.  Johnson,  Basil  Manly. 
J.  C.  Furman,  J.  B.  O'Neall,  E.  T.  Winkler,  J.  P. 
Boyce,  J.  L.  Reynolds,  J.  A.  Broadus.  No  Con- 
vention can  show  a  more  distinguished  list  of  pre- 
siding officers. 

The  Convention  founded  the  Furman  Theological 
Institute,  which  has  grown  into  both  Furman  Uni- 
versity and  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Semi- 
nary. 

The  State  Board  of  Missions  employed  last  year 
(1880)  about  thirty  missionaries,  and  n(jtonly  paid 
them,  but  reserved  sufficient  funds  to  pay  the  first 
quarter's  salary  for  1881  in  advance. 

There  are  now  twenty-eight  white  Associations 
in  the  State  co-operating  with  the  Convention. 

There  is  great  harmony  and  hearty  effort  in  sus- 
taining the  Convention. 

The  |)resent  officers  are  Col.  B.  W.  Edwards. 
President:  T.  P.  Smith,  Vice-President;  Capt.  A. 
B.  AVoodruft"  and  Rev.  Luther  Broadus,  Secretaries  ; 
and  Prof.  C.  II.  Judson,  Treasurer.  Executive 
Board :  Rev.  Charles  Manly,  D.D.,  President ; 
Rev.  A.  W.  Lomax,  Vice-President;  Rev.  W.  II. 
Strickland,  Corr(>sponding  Secretary  and  Treasurer. 

In  1880,  according  to  the  "Baptist  Year-Book," 
there  were  in  South  Carolina  44  Baptist  Associa- 
tions, 1 126  churches,  and  140,442  members.  The 
white  and  colored  Baptists  are  included  in  these 
statistics. 

South  Carolina,  Baptist  Journalism  in.— 

Rev.  Joseph  A.  Lawton  distinctly  remembers  that 
Rev.  W.  H.  Brisl)anc,  M.D..  was  publishing  a 
paper  in   Charleston   in   18;5t).      It  is  probable  that 


SOUTH  CAROLINA 


1076 


SOUTH  JERSEY 


Dr.  Manly  assumed  tho  editorship  when  Dr.  Bris- 
bane retired. 

There  are  now  two  copies  of  The  Soidhern  Watch- 
man and  General  IiUelligencev  in  existence,  dated 
Feb.  3  and  Feb.  10,  1837,  printed' in  Charleston  by 
James  S.  Burges,  and  edited  by  the  late  Basil 
Manly,  D.D.  These  numbers  belong  to  the  fourth 
volume.  The  terms  were  $3  in  advance,  $3.50  in 
six  months,  and  $4  afterwards. 

From  among  many  interesting  items  we  se- 
lect the  following  statistics  of  South  Carolina  Bap- 
tists for  1835:  Associations,  14;  churches,  336; 
ordained  ministers,  158;  licentiates,  55  ;  baptisms, 
1985  ;  members,  33,486.  There  is  an  extract  from 
the  Religions  Herald,  and  one  from  the  Mississippi 
Christian  Herald. 

Rev.  T.  W.  Haynes  published  a  monthly  in 
Charleston,  and  in  1843  he  began  the  Carolina 
Baptist,  which  was  published  for  some  years. 

The  Southern  Baptist  wa,s  first  published  in 
1846.  It  was  for  years  edited  by  a  committee  of 
brethren,  consisting  of  Rev.  J.  R.  Kendrick,  James 
Tupper,  Esq.,  and  others.  Nest  by  Rev.  E.  T. 
Winkler,  D.D.,  then  by  Rev.  J.  P.  Tustin,  and 
finally  by  Rev.  W.  B.  Carson.  At  the  beginning 
of  the  war  the  paper  was  suspended  on  account  of 
the  uncertain  future,  and  never  resumed. 


The  Baptist  Church  and  Sunday-School  Magazine 
(monthly),  edited  and  published  by  Rev.  T.  11. 
Gain<!s,  gave  us  a  tenfold  blessing.  The  latter  did 
not  continue  long.  In  about  three  years  Brother 
Walters  sold  the  su]iscription-list  and  good-will  to 
the  Religious  Herald,-  of  Richmond,  Va. 

After  an  interregnum  of  about  a  year.  Brother  T. 
R.  Gaines  began  to  puljlish.the  Working  Christian 
at  Ynrkville.  A  year  or  so  afterwards  he  removed 
to  Charleston,  and  then  to  Columbia.  He  sold  out 
to  Mr.  Junkin,  who,  again,  transferred  it  to  the 
present  proprietor.  Col.  James  A.  Hoyt.  Brother 
Hoyt  removed  it  .to  Greenville,  and  soon  after  ex- 
changed the  name  of  The  Working  Christian  for 
that  of  jTAe  Baptist  Courier,  and  placed  it  under 
the  editorial  management  of  Rev.  J.  C.  Iliden. 
D.D.  It  is  novr  edited  by  the  proprietor  and  Rev. 
J.  A.  Chambliss,  D.D.,  whose  classic  pen  is  cer- 
tainly not  inferior  to  any  of  its  predecessors. 

South  Jersey  Institute,  The. — The  idea  that 
gave  birth  to  this  noble  academy  was  first  seriously 
entertained  by  that  veteran  and  honored  pastor, 
tl>e  Rev.  R.  F.  Young,  of  Iladdonfield.  At  his 
suggestion,  when  settled  at  Salem,  in  1849,  a  con- 
vention of  churches  connected  with  the  West  New 
Jersey  Baptist  Association  was  held  in  his  meet- 
ing-house, at  which  resolutions  were  passed  com- 


SOl.'TII    JEItSEV    INblULll..    liUlDGETO.N,    N.  .J. 


It  was  succeeded  by  the  Confederate  Baptist, 
published  in  Columbia,  and  edited  by  that  accom- 
plished scholar  and  Christian  gentleman,  Rev.  J. 
L.  Reynolds,  D.D. 

Soon  after  tho  war  The  Sotith  Cai-olina  Baptist 
was  started;  it  was  edited  and  published  by  Rev. 
W.   E.   AV alters,  at    Anderson    Court-IIouse ;  and 


mending   the  project  for  establishing  a  first-class 
academy. 

The  church  at  Salem,  through  an  educational 
committee,  fitted  up  a  room  in  the  rear  of  their 
lecture-room  in  1S52,  and  secured  the  services  of 
the  Rev.  Samuel  Richards  and  his  wife,  of  Provi- 
dence,  to   take   charge  of    the   infant   enterprise. 


SOUTHERN 


1077 


SOUTHERN 


They  were  specially  qualified  for  tiie  work,  and 
their  success  was  in  the  highest  degree  flattering. 
But  Mr.  Richards  accepted  another  position  in 
Salem,  whicii  resulted  in  the  closing  of  the  school. 

On  Sept.  12,  1865,  the  We.st  New  Jersey  Baptist 
Association  appointed  a  couunittee  to  consider  this 
question  and  report  during  the  Association.  The 
coinuiittee  was  numerous,  earnest,  and  able,  and 
their  report,  wiiich  was  adopted,  recommended  im- 
mediate efforts  to  secure  a  suitable  building.  A 
committee  was  appointed  to  carry  out  the  decision 
of  the  Association.  They  selected  Bridgeton  as  the 
place  where  the  school  slmuld  he  located,  and  a 
first-class  academy  for  the  education  of  both  sexes 
as  the  institution  to  bo  founded. 

Bridgeton  lies  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  both 
sides  of  the  Cohansey  River.  It  contains  about 
8000  inhabitants.  It  has  two  Baptist  churches. 
The  character  of  its  fiopulation  specially  fits  it  to 
be  the  seat  of  a  large  academy.  The  scenery  around 
it  ischarming,  and  the  health  of  its  residents  makes 
it  peculiarly  desirable  for  those  who  wish  long  life. 
The  site  of  the  academy  is  one  of  the  most  beauti- 
ful, for  educational  purposes,  in  the  whole  country. 
Forests,  rich  farms,  and  the  winding  Cohansey  are 
spread  out  before  the  spectator  as  he  looks  down 
from  the  grounds  of  the  institute.  These  grounds 
were  given  by  H.  J.  Mulford,  Esq.,  of  Bridgeton  ; 
they  contain  about  ten  and  a  half  acres. 

The  structure  consists  of  a  central  building  43 
by  58,  with  an  east  and  west  wing,  each  57  by  41, 
making  the  entire  length  157  feet.  It  is  built  of 
brick,  lighted  liy  gas,  and  heated  liy  steam  ;  and  it 
is  five  stories  high.  Its  appearance  is  imposing, 
and  it  has  every  convenience  for  carrying  out  tiio 
aims  of  its  Christian  projectors.  It  is  fitted  to  ac- 
commodate one  hundred  and  twenty-five  boarders. 
It  was  opened  for  pu[)ils  in  October,  1870.  The 
buildings  and  grounds  are  valued  at  $75,000. 
Ladies  and  gentlemen  bearing  the  honored  name 
of  Mulford  have  on  various  occasions  given  §50,000 
to  the  institute.  Many  others  in  New  Jersey,  and 
some  friends  in  Pennsylvania,  have  contributed 
liberally  in  the  erection  of  the  building  and  in 
centennial  gifts. 

The  principal,  H.  K.  Trask.  LL.D.,  by  scholar- 
ship, talents,  and  experience  is  fitted  for  the  marked 
success  tiiat  has  attended  his  labors  in  the  institute. 
In  1S80  ten  instructors  assisted  the  principal  in 
training  one  hundred  and  fifty  pupils  for  the  toils 
of  coming  life. 

Southern  Baptist,  a  Baptist  paper  published  at 
Meridian,  Miss.,  by  Rev.  A.  Gressett.  Circulation 
encouraging. 

Southern  Baptist  Convention. — That  Adoni- 

ram  Judson  and  Luther  Rice  by  independent  study 
of  the  Scriptures  should  liecome  Baptists,  while 
voyaging  to  India,  was  a  singular  fact  in  tlie  his- 


tory of  missions.  This  change  of  opinion  neces- 
sitated their  support  by  the  Baptists  of  the  United 
States.  Luther  Rice  returned  to  America  to  arouse 
among  the  Baptist  cliurches  increased  missionary 
ardor.  Traveling  much  in  the  Soutii,  he  so  en- 
listed an  interest  in  behalf  of  the  work  of  missions 
that,  when  tiie  General  Missionary  Convention  w.is 
formed,  Southern  Baptists  participated  largely  in 
the  movement.  Dr.  Richard  Fiirman,  of  Soutli 
Carolina,  was  the  first  president.  Under  tlie  consti- 
tution and  proceedings  of  that  body,  for  thirty  years 
no  discrimination  was  made  in  favor  of  or  against 
cither  section.  Northern  and  Southern  Baptists 
acted  in  entire  harmony.  In  course  of  time  the 
anti-slaveholding  sentiment  became  so  strong  that 
the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  declared,  in  response 
to  a  demand  for  an  explicit  avowal  of  opinions  and 
purposes,  that  a  slaveholder  oSering  himself  as  a 
missionary  would  not  bo  appointed.  The  Home 
Mission  Society,  organized  for  domestic  mission 
work,  avowed  practically  a  similar  opinion,  and 
deelareil  in  favor  of  a  separate  missionary  organ- 
ization at  the  South  and  at  the  North. 

In  view  of  this  antagonism  of  opinion,  the  board 
of  the  Virginia  Foreign  Blission  Society  suggested 
a  convention  to  confer  on  the  best  means  of  pro- 
moting the  foreign  mission  cause  and  other  interests 
of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  the  South.  Au- 
gusta, Ga.,  and  Thursday  before  the  second  Lord's 
day  in  May,  1845,  were  suggested  as  a  proper  place 
and  a  proper  time  for  the  meeting  ;  on  May  8, 
1845,  310  delegates  from  Maryland,  the  District  of 
Columbia,  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South  Car- 
olina, Georgia,  Alabama,  Louisiana,  and  Kentucky 
met  at  Augusta.  Among  these  men,  who  came 
together  to  deliberate,  were  Fuller,  Manly,  Furman, 
Johnson,  Jeter,  Robinson,  Howell,  Curtis,  Brantly, 
Taylor,  Mell,  Crawford,  Dagg,  Lumpkin,  Ilillyer, 
Cooper,  Dockery,  Witt,  Hume,  Mallary,  Winkler, 
etc. 

Wm.  B.  Johnson,  D.D.,  of  South  Carolina,  was 
chosen  president.  A  resolution  was  unanimously 
adopted  that  "  To  accomplish  the  greatest  amount 
of  good,  and  for  the  maintenance  of  those  Scrip- 
tural principles  on  which  the  General  Convention 
of  the  Baptists  was  originally  formed,"  the  Con- 
vention should  organize  a  society  for  the  propivga- 
tion  of  the  gospel.  A  constitution,  precisely  that 
of  the  original  union,  was  adopted,  ''  for  eliciting, 
combining,  and  directing  the  energies  of  the  whole 
denomination  in  one  sacred  effort  for  the  propaga- 
tion of  the  gospel."  A  board  for  foreign  missions 
was  appointed  and  located  in  Richmond,  Va.,  and 
a  board  for  domestic  missions  at  Marion,  Ala. 

No  good  would  come  of  a  discussion  of  the  causes 
of  the  origin  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention. 
Property  in  slaves  has  now  happily  ceased  to  dis- 
turb politiral  and  religious  assemblages.     The  sep- 


SOUTHERN 


1078 


'SOUTHERN 


aration  was  reluctant  and  painful,  but  God  has 
brought  ^ood  out  of  apparent  evil.  A  separate 
organization  has  developed  the  resources  and  ener- 
gies of  Southern  Baptists,  quickened  a  sense  of 
responsibility,  and  trained  to  more  active  benefi- 
cence. Baptist  societies  for  the  spread  of  the  gos- 
(lel,  existing  in  different  portions  of  the  Union,  are 
now  working  without  jar  or  discord,  the  most  fra- 
ternal feelings  are  cherished,  and  few  desire  an  or- 
ganic union  co-extensive  with  our  territorial  limits. 
Southern  Baptists  have  contributed  for  foreign 
missions  from  1845  to  1879,  $939,377.23.  In  the 
last  seven  years  $284,010.99  have  been  given  for 
foreign  missions.  §72,000  more  than  the  whole 
amount  raised  during  the  thirty  years'  connection 
with  the  Triennial  Convention. 

The  Board  for  Foreign  Missions  had  J.  B.  Jeter, 
U.D.,  for  its  first  president,  and  James  B.  Taylor, 
D.D.,  for  its  corresponding  secretary.  J.  L.  M. 
Curry,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  is  the  present  president,  and 
II.  A.  Tupper,  D.D.,  the  corresponding  secretary. 

Dr.  Tupper,  the  scholarly  secretary,  has  recently 
published,  with  the  imprimatur  of  the  Publication 
Society,  a  very  valuable  book,  giving  full  informa- 
tion of  the  past  and  present  work  of  the  board. 

The  Home  iNIission  Board  at  Marion,  Ala.,  for- 
merly called  the  Domestic  Mission  Board,  has  E. 
T.  Winkler,  D.D.,  for  its  president,  and  W.  H. 
Mcintosh,  D.D.,  for  its  corresponding  secretary. 
This  board  seeks  to  remedy  religious  destitution  in 
the  Southern  States  and  among  the  Indian  tribes 
adjacent  to  its  territory.  It  has  also  a  mission 
among  the  Chinese  in  California.  During  the  war 
a  valuable  work  was  done  in  the  Confederate  army 
in  supplying  the  soldiers  with  the  Scriptures  and 
religious  literature,  and  in  supporting  seventy- 
eight  missionaries. 

In  1863  the  Convention  established  a  Sunday- 
school  board  at  Greenville,  S.  C,  and,  under  the 
efficient  secretaryship  of  C.  J.  Elford,  Esq.,  and  C. 
C.  Bitting,  D.D.,  did  active  and  valuable  service. 
In  1868  it  was  removed  to  Meiiiphis,  and  in  a  few 
years  was  discontinued. 

The  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  now 
at  Louisville,  Ky.,  while  not  under  the  control  of 
the  Convention,  is  regarded  with  peculiar  favor, 
and  receives  at  every  meeting  attentive  considera- 
tion. 

Since  the  war  the  Convention  meets  annually. 
The  boards  submit  to  the  Convention  reports  of 
their  operations,  receipts,  and  expenditures,  and 
the  officers  and  members  are  annually  appointed. 

Organized  to  ''  promote  foreign  and  domestic 
missions  and  other  important  objects  connected 
with  the  Redeemer's  kingdom,"  and  respecting 
fully  "the  independence  and  equal  rights  of  the 
churches,"  the  Convention  consists  of  members 
who  contribute  funds,  or  are  delegated  bv  religious 


bodies  contrib'uting  funds,  on  the  basis  of  one  dele- 
gate for  every  $100  given  within  the  twelve  months 
next  preceding  the  meeting  of  the  body.  To  bring 
the  Convention  into  still  closer  affiliation  with  State 
Conventions  and  General  Associations,  representa- 
tives from  those  bodifes  are  also  admitted  on  the 
basis  of  $500  expended  for  objects  similar  to  those 
in  the  promotion  of  which -the  Convention  is  en- 
gaged. 

Between  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention  and 
the  three  great  Baptist  organizations  at  the  North 
— the  Missionary  Union,  the  Home  Mission  So- 
ciety, and  the  Publication  Society — the  utmost 
harmony  and  fraternity  exist.  Each  working  in 
its  own  approved  way  has  the  good  will  and 
prayers  of  the  others. 

FOREIGN   MISSIONS  AND   MISSIONARIES. 

Brazilian  Missio.v. — This  mission  in  the  prov- 
ince of  San  Paulo,  adopted  in  1879,  has  a  church 
f)f  thirty  members  at  Santa  Barbara,  and  another  of 
twelve  members  at  "  Station.''  Rev.  E.  II.  Quillan 
has  been  teacher  and  preacher.  On  Jan.  13,  1881, 
Rev.  AV.  B.  Bagb}'  and  wife,  of  Texas,  were  sent  to 
reinforce  the  mission.  In  1859  the  Convention 
started  a  work  in  Rio  de  Janeiro,  under  Rev.  and 
Mrs.  T.  J.  Bowcn,  former  missionaries  to  Africa. 
The  mission  was  abandoned  in  1861,  on  account  of 
obstacles  that  do  not, now  exist  and  the  wrecked 
health  of  Mr.  Bowen.  The  present  outlook  is 
promising,  though  the  field  is  hard. 

Mexican  Mission. — The  Convention  had  but  re- 
cently accepted  as  their  missionary  Rev.  J.  0.  West- 
rup,  stationed  at  Muzquis,  in  the  State  of  Coahuila. 
when,  on  Dec.  21, 1880,  he  was  murdered  by  a  band 
of  Indians  and  Mexicans.  Another  missionary  will 
be  soon  appointed,  and  probably  stationed  at  Jlon- 
terey,  where  there  is  a  Baptist  Jlissionary  Society. 
Rev.'T.  M.  "Westru]),  of  Corpus  Christi,  brother  of 
the  murdered  missimiary.  writes,  Feb.  5,  1881  :  '"I 
sometimes  think  Catholic  fanaticism  or  national 
prejudice  had  more  to  do  with  the  case  than  ap- 
pears so  far."     This  blood  may  be  seed. 

Italian  Mission. — This  work  was  organized  in 
Rome,  in  the  fall  of  1870,  by  Rev.  AV.  N.  Cote, 
M.D.,  who  labored,  with  marked  success,  until 
1873,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  G.  B.  Taylor, 
D.D.^  Dr.  Cote  died  in  Rome  in  1877.  Rev.  J.  II. 
Eager  and  wife  joined  the  mission  in  1880.  The 
chapel  at  Rome  cost  some  $30,000.  To  build  one 
at  Torre  Pellice  $3000  have  been  collected.  This 
mission  has  prospered  from  the  beginning,  and  is 
in  a  flourishing  condition.  There  are  five  schools, 
with  some  150  pupils:  the  church  membership  is 
about  175.  The  stations  and  laborers  are  as  fol- 
lows: 

At  Rome,  G.  B.  T.aylor,  Mrs.  Taylor.  J.  II.  Eager, 
Mrs.  Eager,  and   Signor  Cocorda ;  Torre  Pellice, 


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Signer  Ferraris;  Milan,  Sij^nor  Pasclictto ;  Mo- 
dona  and  Carpi,  Signer  Martinelli ;  Naples,  Signer 
Colombo;  Bari  and  Harletta,  Signer  Volpi ;  island 
of  Sardinia,  Signor  Cossu  ;  Venice,  Signer  Bcl- 
londi ;  liologna,  Signer  Basile. 

A  sketch  of  Dr.  G.  B.  Tavloi'.  whose  praise  for 
ciuinent  wisdom  is  in  all  the  churches,  appears 
elsewhere  in  this  "  Encyclopaedia/' 

African  Missions. — Libcrian  and  Sia-ra  Leone 
Mission. — The  First  Baptist  church  nf  JMonrovia, 
Liberia,  w.is  organized  with  twelve  iiieinl)ers,  in 
IS2I,  in  a  private  dwelling  in  llichiiioiid,  Va.,  Feb. 
'1.  1840,  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention  having  resolved  to 
start  a  mission  in  Africa.  That  year  two  colored 
brethren,  Rev.  John  Day  and  Rev.  A.  L.  Jones, 
were  appointed  missi<iii;iries.  From  184G  to  1856 
many  ethers  were  appointed,  and  churches  and 
.><chools  were  established  in  fourteen  villages  of 
Lil)eria  and  two  in  Sierra  Leone.  In  1852  and  in 
1854  the  mission  was  visited  respectively  by  Rev. 
Eli  Ball  and  Rev.  John  Kingdon  in  the  interest 
of  the  board.  In  18IjU  there  were  24  stations  and 
churches,  18  pastors,  125S  members.  2lj  teachers, 
and  Cf)5  pupils.  During  our  civil  war  the  mission 
suspended,  and  resumed  in  1871.  under  Rev.  A.  D. 
Philips,  who  had  been  identified  with  the  Yoruban 
Mission  of  the  Convention.  Eight  stations  were 
established  in  Liberia  and  the  Beir  country,  and 
fifteen  missionaries  and  teachers  were  appointed. 
The  stations  in  Liberia  wore  pests  for  the  interior 
work  in  the  Beir  country,  through  which  it  was 
lieped  that  access  might  be  had  again  to  Yoruba, 
from  which  the  missionaries  had  been  driven  in 
1S67.  In  1873  the  missionaries  were  expelled  from 
the  Beir  country.  Our  country  being  under  a  fear- 
ful monetary  pressure,  the  missionaries,  e.xcept  the 
supervisors, — B.  P.  Yates  and  J.  J.  Clieeseman, — 
were  dismissed.  A  gratuity  of  .?500  was  distributed 
among  them.  They  acted  with  noble  Christian 
spirit.  Jan.  8,  1875,  Rev.  W.  J.  David  and  Rev. 
W.  W.  Colley  (colored)  sailed  for  Africa.  Finding 
Yoruba  reopened  to  missionaries,  they,  according 
to  instructions,  settled  all  accounts,  and  closed  the 
mission  in  Liberia,  and  in  October,  1875,  resumed 
work  in  Yoruba.  From  1845  to  1875  thousands 
had  been  converted  and  taught  through  the  Libe- 
rian  and  Sierra  Leone  Mission,  and  many  strong 
and  godly  men  and  women  of  the  African  race  were 
developed.  Among  the  colored  missionaries  pub- 
licly recorded  are  F.  S.  James,  who  left  in  liis 
churches  the  savor  of  a  holy  life ;  B.  P.  Yates,  J. 
II.  Clieeseman,  J.  J.  Cheeseman,  noted  respectively 
for  financial  ability.  s|iiritual  devotion,  and  uncom- 
nron  culture;  A.  P.  Davis,  B.  J.  Drayton,  J.  T. 
Richardson,  R.  E.  Murray,  J.  M.  Harden.  J.J.  Fitz- 
gerald, Lewis  K.  Crocker,  Jacob  Von  Brunn.  Mil- 
ford  D.  Herndon,  and  Josephine  Early.    John  Day, 


the  first  missionary,  was  born  at  llicksford.  Va., 
Feb.  18,  1797;  was  baptized  in  1820;  licen.sed  to 
preach  in  1821  ;  went  to  Liberia  in  1830;  resigned 
a ji!(lgeshi[),  and  waselectcd,  without  his  consent, 
lieutenant-governor,  in  1847.  In  1849  he  estab- 
lished a  manual  lal)or  si.'liool  of  fifty  pupils  at  Be.\- 
ley.  In  1854  he  became  i)astor  of  the  church  at 
Monrovia,  where  he  founded  and  presided  over  a 
high  school,  known  as  "  Day's  Hope,"  in  which 
were  departments  elementary,  classical,  and  theo- 
logical. As  sup(>rintendent  of  the  mission,  he  made 
extensive  preaching  tours,  and  reported  "a  Sun- 
day-school in  every  village,  and  the  AVerd  preached 
statedly  to  more  than  10,000  heathon."  'J'his  re- 
markable man  was  gathered  to  his  fathers  in  1859. 
Prof.  E.  W.  BIyden,  the  learned  African  linguist, 
in  pronouncing  an  eulogy  on  Mr.  Day,  considered 
his  subject  thus:  1.  His  love  of  metaphysics ;  2. 
His  burning  zeal  for  the  gospel  ;  3.  A  household 
word  ;  4.  As  judge  and  statesman  ;  5.  The  good 
physician  ;  6.  As  a  soldier ;  7.  His  moral  and  re- 
ligious character;  8.  As  educator  and  theologian; 
9.  His  life  and  death  a  legacy. 

The  Yori:ba  Mission  was  founded  in  1850  by 
Rev.  T.  J.  Bowen.  In  1853  it  was  reinforced  by 
Rev.  Messrs.  J.  S.  Dennard  and  J.  II.  Lacy,  with 
their  wives ;  in  1854  by  Rev.  W.  H.  Clarke;  and 
in  185G  by  Rev.  Messrs.  S.  Y.  Trimble,  R.  W.  Priest, 
J.  II.  Cason,  and  their  wives,  and  iSIr.  J.  F.  Beau- 
mont. Stations  were  opened  in  Lagos,  Abbeokuta, 
Ijaye,  and  Ogbomishaw.  Residences  and  chajiels 
were  built,  churches  and  schools  were  established, 
the  heathen  were  soon  preached  to  in  their  own 
language,  and  not  a  few  of  them  were  saved.  The 
labors  in  Africa  of  all  these  missionaries,  except 
Mr.  Bowen,  were  l)rief.  Rev.  Henry  Goodale,  who 
accompanied  Mr.  Bowen,  was  buried  at  (iolah,  be- 
fore Yoruba  was  reached.  Dennard  and  his  wife 
were  put  under  the  sod ;  Clarke,  Trimble,  and 
Beaumont  came  home  to  go  to  their  reward.  Priest 
and  Lacy  and  Cason  toil  on  in  their  native  land. 
In  1855,  Rev.  J.  M.  Harden,  a  colored  missionary, 
was  transferred  from  the  Liljeiiiin  to  the  Yoruban 
mission,  and  died  in  Lagos  in  18G4.  His  wife  is  now 
in  the  employ  of  the  board.  Rev.  A.  D.  Philijis  en- 
tered the  field  in  1855,  and  labored  with  signal 
success  until  18G7,  when  he  was  driven  out  of  the 
country  by  war  and  persecution.  He  retired  from 
the  service  of  the  board  in  1872.  and  preaches  in 
Tennessee.  Rev.  T.  A.  Reid  labored  at  Awyaw 
and  elsewhere,  and  was  devoted  to  the  work  from 
1857  to  1864.  Like  Mr.  Philips,  he  left  his  noble 
wife  a  sleeper  in  Afric  sands.  Rev.  R.  II.  Stone 
worked  from  18()3  to  1869.  He  is  a  faithful  min- 
ister in  Virginia.  As  has  been  stated,  the  mission 
was  reorganized  by  Messrs.  David  and  Colley  in 
1875.  They  found  a  number  of  the  native  Chris- 
tians steadfast,  and  overjoyed  at  the  answer  of  their 


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prayers  through  long  years  for  the  return  of  "  God's 
men."  A  chapel  and  residence,  at  the  cost  of  some 
§401)0,  have  been  erected  at  Lagos,  and  buildings 
put  up  at  Abbeokuta  and  Ogbomishaw.  The  last 
station  is  occupied  by  a  native  missionary,  Rev. 
Moses  L.  Stone.  Rev.  S.  Cosby,  missionary  of  the 
Colored  Baptist  Convention  of  Vii'ginia,  is  asso- 
ciated with  Mr.  David  in  the  mission.  Mr.  Colley 
was  recalled  by  the  board  in  li<79.  On  Dec.  22, 
1879,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  David  lost  their  infant  daughter. 
In  the  mission  there  are  60  scholars  and  SO  church 
members.  Some  further  record  of  Mr.  Bowen,  the 
founder  of  the  mission,  is  fitting,  lie  was  born  in 
Georgia,  Jan.  2,  1814;  was  a  gallant  soldier  in  the 
Creek-Indian  and  Texas  wars;  studied  law,  but 
abandoned  it,  in  1841,  for  the  ministry;  traveled 
extensively  in  Central  Africa,  and  was  the  soul  and 
inspiration  of  the  Yoruban  Mission  from  1850  to 
1856.  lie  married,  May  31,  1852,  Miss  L.  H. 
Davis,  of  Greensborough,  Ga.,  who  sttared  his  toils 
and  successes  in  his  second  missionary  caiiipaign 
in  Africa.  Mrs.  Bowen  resides  in  Greensborough, 
loved  and  honored  for  her  own  sake,  and  for  her 
good  and  great  husband.  He  entered  his  heavenly 
rest  Nov.  24,  1875.  He  Avas  the  author  of  an  ad- 
mirable work  on  "Central  Africa,"  and  a  quarto 
volume  on  the  Yoruban  language,  published  by  the 
Smithsonian  Institute., 

Chin.\  Missions.— CflHtoH  Mission. — Rev.  J.  L. 
Shuck  and  Rev.  T.  J.  Roberts,  missionaries  of  the 
Triennial  Convention,  transferred  themselves  to  the 
Southern  Convention  soon  after  its  organization. 
The  former  had  constituted  the  First  Baptist  church 
of  Canton,  and  traveling  in  this  country  in  1846 
with  a  native  convert,  Yong  Seen  Sang,  raised  for 
a  chapel  $5000.  This  chapel  fund,  with  the  consent 
of  the  donors,  was  transferred  with  the  missionary, 
in  1847,  to  Shanghai.  Mr.  Roberts  Jiad  preached 
six  or  seven  years  to  lepers  at  3Iacao.  In  1847  his 
chapel  was  destroyed,  arid  the  mission  property  of 
the  Missionary  Union  was  bought  ))y  the  Southern 
Convention.  Mr.  Roberts  rai-sed  much  money  on 
the  field,  and  published  and  distributed  large 
numbers  of  tracts  and  portions  of  the  Scriptures. 
In  1850  the  mission  had  been  reinforced  by  Messrs. 
S.  C.  Clopton,  George  Pearcy,  F.  C.  Johnson,  B. 
W.  Whilden,  and  Miss  H.  A.  Baker.  There  were 
three  preaching-j-.laces.  A  union  effected  between 
Mr.  Roljerts's  (Uettung)  church  and  the  First 
church  was  not  hr.ppy.  In  1852  "the  relation  l)e- 
tween  Mr.  Roberts  and  the  board  was  dissolved." 
He  liad  done  some  good  foundation-work.  He  re- 
mained an  independent  missionary  until  1866, 
wlien  he  returned  to  America.  He  died  of  leprosy, 
Deo.  28,  1871,  at  Upper  Alton,  111.  Mrs.  Roberts 
lives  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.  Mr.  Clopton  was  born  in 
Virginia,  Jan.  7,  1816.  fell  asleep  July  7.  1S47, 
lamented  as  a  choice  spirit.     Mr.  Pearcy  and  Miss 


Baker  were  transferred  to  the  Shanghai  Mission. 

Mr.  Johnson  went  as  "  Theological  Tutor  and  Mis- 
sionary," and  after  making  great  progress  in  the 
written  hinguage,  returned,  in  1849,  with  broken 
health.  He  resides  in  Marietta,  Ga.  In  1848  the 
native  assistants,  Yong  and  Mui,  went  to  Canton. 
In  18.50,  Mrs.  Whilden  died,  and  Mr.  Whilden 
brought  home  liis  childrert.  The  health  of  his  sec- 
ond wife  failing,  the}-  retired  from  the  field  finally 
in  J855.  Mr.  Whilden,  much  beloved,  resides  in 
his  native  State,  South  Carolina.  In  1854,  l§o6, 
1860,  Rev.  Messrs.  C.  W.  Gaillard,  R.  H.  Graves, 
and  J.  G.  Schilling  joined,  respectively,  the  mis- 
sion. In  1856,  iSIr.  Gaillard  reported '•  69  Sunday- 
school  scholars,  .32,200  tracts  and  Scriptures  dis- 
tributed;"  and  in  1860,  "40  baptisms  and  58 
church  members."  July  27,  1862,  he  was  killed  by 
the  falling  of  his  house  in  a  typhoon.  Mr.  Schil- 
ling made  "  good  progress  in  the  language,"  but 
after  the  death  of  his  wife,  in  1864,  came  home 
with  his  children.  He  prai'tiseS  law  in  West  Vir- 
ginia. Rev.  N.  B.  Williams,  whose  wife  is  the 
daughter  of  the  returned  missionarj',  Rev.  B.  W. 
AVhilden,  went  to  China  in  1872,  accompanied  by 
his  wife's  sister.  Miss  Lula  Whilden,  who,  sup- 
ported by  the  women  of  South  Carolina,  is  doing  a 
grand  work  among  the  women  of  Canton.  Mr. 
Williams  had  a  school  of  forty  pupils,  and  was  treas- 
urer of  the  mission.  In  1876,  Mrs.  Williams's 
failing  health  compelled  their  return  to  the  United 
States.  Mr.  Williams  preaches  in  Alabama.  In 
1874,  AVong  Mui  died.  Y'ong  Seen  Sang,  supported 
by  the  Ladies"  Missionary  Society  of  the  First  Bap- 
tist church  of  Richmond,  Va..  since  1846,  still 
labors  for  the  Master.  Rev.  E.  Z.  Simmons  and 
wife  arrived  in  Canton  Feb.  6,  1871,  and  are  doing 
good  work  for  the  Lord.  Miss  Sallie  Stein,  sus- 
tained by  the  Young  Ladies"  Missionary  Society  of 
the  First  Baptist  church,  Richmond,  Va.,  joined  the 
mission  in  1879.  Rev.  R.  II.  Graves.  D.D.,  was 
born  in  Baltimore,  May  29,  1833  ;  was  baptized  by 
Dr.  R.  Fuller,  Oct.  15,  1848;  graduated  at  St. 
Mary's  College  in  1851  ;  arrived  at  Canton  14th 
August.  1856.  For  twenty-five  years  he  has  been 
consecrated  to  his  mission,  in  which  he  has  achieved 
great  success,  and  has  won,  as  many  a  brother 
missionary  has  done,  a  name  for  purity  of  character 
and  ability  as  a  gospel  laborer  which  is  imperish- 
able. He  married  first  the  missionary  Gaillard's 
widow,  who  died  Dec.  12.  1864.  His  present  wife, 
daughter  of  G.  W.  Norris,  Esq.,  of  Baltimore,  has 
been,  since  1872.  a  self-sacrificing  and  successful 
missionary  worker  for  Jesus.  In  the  last  eight 
years  Dr.  Graves  has  published,  in  Chinese,  two 
hymn-books,  a  work  on  the  Parables  of  our  Lord, 
a  book  on  homiletics.  a  work  on  Scripture  geogra- 
phy, and  will  soon  pul)lisli  a  "  Life  of  Christ."'  In 
the  same  time  "  a  dwelling  has  been  built  in  Can- 


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1081 


SOUTHERN 


ton,  one  cliapel  finislied,  and  money  raised  for 
another  in  the  country,  six  country  stations  have 
been  opened,  and  two  native  brethren  ordained  to 
the  ministry.  The  Chinese  Native  Missionary 
Society  lias  also  a  station  and  two  assistant  preach- 
ers, supported  mainly  by  contributions  from  Chinese 
Christians  in  Deiuorara  and  the  United  States.'' 
The  results  of  the  preaching  and  Scripture  distri- 
bution and  holy  living  of  this  long  line  of  mission- 
aries in  the  city  of  Canton,  and  among  the  dense 
masses  of  the  interior  of  Southern  China,  can  never 
be  estimated.  The  statistics  reported  in  1880  are 
as  follows :  2  churches,  230  members,  52  baptized, 
S255  annual  contributions,  9706  tracts  and  Bibles 
distributed,  4514  medical  cases,  5  schools,  with  an 
average  attendance  of  121,  6  foreign  missionaries 
and  12  native  assistants,  S5585.3.J,  cost  of  house 
recently  built,  $4591.87  house  fund  in  Canton 
treasurJ^ 

The  Shanghai  Mission  was  started  in  1847  by 
Rev.  Messrs.  M.  T.  Yates,  J.  L.  Shuck,  and  T.  W. 
Tobey.  Mr.  Yates  was  the  first  on  the  ground. 
Nov.  6,  1847,  a  Baptist  church  of  ten  members 
was  founded.  Two  natives — Yong  and  Mui — were 
licensed  to  preach.  In  April,  1848,  a  gloom  over- 
spread the  infant  church  by  the  drowning  of  Dr. 
and  Mrs.  J.  Sexton  James,  who  were  daily  expected 
at  Shanghai.  Mr.  Pearcy,  from  Canton,  joined 
the  mission  in  November,  1848.  The  meetings 
were  attended  by  "  500  or  600  natives."  In  1849 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tobey,  very  useful  missionaries,  were 
forced  home  by  the  ill  health  of  the  latter.  In  May, 
1850,  a  mission  building  was  erected  at  Oo-Kah- 
Jack.  Mr.  Shuck  wrote,  "  Our  board  is  the  first 
Protestant  board  of  missions  in  the  world  which 
ever  held  property  and  gained  a  permanent  footing 
in  the  interior  of  China."  In  1851,  Mrs.  Shuck 
died.  Her  biography  was  written  by  Dr.  Jeter. 
Mr.  Shuck  returned  with  his  children  to  America. 
In  China  he  had  been  very  "faithful  and  effective." 
In  1854  he  went  to  California,  where  he  labored 
for  seven  years,  baptizing  sixteen  Chinese,  and 
organizing  a  Chinese  church.  He  died  in  Barn- 
well, S.  C,  Aug.  20,  1861,  aged  fifty-one.  His 
widow  resides  in  Charleston,  S.  C,  with  his  son, 
Rev.  L.  H.  Shuck,  D.D.  In  1852,  Rev.  and  Mrs. 
Crawford  and  Dr.  G.  W.  Burton  reinforced  the 
mission,  and  early  in  1853,  Rev.  and  Mrs.  A.  B. 
Cabaniss  arrived.  In  the  city  there  were  three 
schools  and  six  places  of  worship.  In  1854,  Miss 
II.  A.  Baker,  who  came  from  Canton  in  1851  and 
opened  a  boarding  school,  was  recalled  by  the  advice 
of  her  physician.  She  lives  in  California,  and  is 
the  author  of  the  "Orphan  of  the  Old  Dominion." 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pearcy,  on  account  of  his  shattered 
health,  returned  home  in  1855.  He  passed  away 
July  21,  1871,  "  mildly  and  grandly  as  the  setting 
sun."     That  year,  1855,  there  were  "  eighteen  pub- 


lic services  per  week,  with  an  average  attendance 
of  2500  souls ;  five  day  schools,  with  an  average 
attendance  of  100  pupils.  This  year  was  signal- 
ized by  the  first  baptism  of  a  Chinese  woman.  The 
board  reported,  "  The  gospel  has  won  glorious 
triumphs  in  China.  .  .  .  ."Multitudes  having  given 
evidence  of  saving  faith  in  the  Redeemer."  The 
next  year  the  board  commended  the  mission- 
aries as  performing  "almost  superhuman  labors  in 
their  wide-opened  field."  In  1859,  Rev.  and  Jlrs. 
J.  L.  Holmes  came  to  Shanghai,  and  the  next  year 
were  settled  in  the  Shantung  province.  In  1859, 
Rev.  J.  B.  lliirtwell  and  wife  arrived,  and  in  1800 
joined  3Ir.  Holmes  in  Siiantung.  In  1860,  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Cabaniss,  after  eminent  service,  returned 
home.  The  same  year  Rev.  and  Mrs.  A.  L.  Bond, 
assigned  to  this  mission,  were  lost  at  sea,  with  Rev. 
and  Mrs.  J.  Q.  A.  Rohrer,  assigned  to  Japan,  in  the 
ill-fated  "  Edwin  Forrest."  In  1863,  Rev.  and  Mrs. 
T.  P.  Crawford,  having  done  a  good  work  in  Shang- 
hai, went  to  Tung-Chow.  In  1861,  Dr.  Burton,  a 
great  benefactor  of  the  mission,  returned  to  Amer- 
ica, and  is  practising  his  profession  in  Louisville, 
Ky.  In  1865,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Yates  were  alone  in 
Shanghai,  and  have  remained  so  until  now.  To 
sum  up  the  labors  and  holy  influences  of  these 
missionaries,  and  of  this  great  man  and  his  noble 
wife,  would  be  impossible.     Dr.  Yates  wrote, — 

"Sept.  12,  1877. — This  is  the  thirtieth  anniver- 
sary of  our  arrival  at  Shanghai.  At  first  our  way 
was  in  the  dark  ;  but  every  successive  decade  has 
shown  marked  progress  in  our  work.  To-day  the 
missionary  influence  in  China  is  a  mighty  power. 
The  leaven  of  divine  truth  has  been  deposited  in 
this  mass  of  error  and  corruption,  and  its  irresist- 
ible force  is  beginning  to  be  seen  and  felt  far  and 
wide.  The  Bible  has  been  translated  into  the  liter- 
ary or  dead  language  of  the  whole  country,  and 
also  rendered  into  the  spoken  language  or  dialects 
of  many  localities, — a  style  in  which  the  Chinese 
have  not  been  in  the  habit  of  making  books.  Places 
of  worship  have  been  secured,  where  multitudes 
come  to  the  sound  of  the  church-going  bell  to  hear 
the  word  of  God.  Churches  of  living  witnesses 
have  been  established.  Tens  of  thousands  have 
been  convinced  of  the  truth  of  the  gospel,  who 
have  not  had  the  moral  courage  to  make  a  public 
confession  of  their  faith  in  Christ.  Thirty  years 
ago,  when  the  prospect  was  so  dark,  and  the  dark- 
ness seemed  so  impenetrable,  I  would  have  com- 
promised for  what  I  now  behold  as  my  life-work. 
Now  my  demand  would  be  nothing  less  than  a  com- 
plete surrender.  I  am  in  dead  earnest  about  this 
matter,  for  I  fully  realize  that  God  is  in  Christ 
reconciling  the  world  unto  himself,  and  has  com- 
mitted unto  us  the  word  of  reconciliation,  and  that 
he  has  commanded  us  to  make  it  known  to  all  na- 
tions.    I  not  only  do  not  regret  devoting  my  life 


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1082 


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to  the  mission  work,  but  I  rejoice  that  he  counted 
me  worthy  to  be  his  embassador  to  the  greatest 
empire  on  the  globe.  Now  my  one  desire  is  that 
he  would  give  me  wisdom  to  do  his  will  and  be  a 
faithful  steward.  The  Lord  be  praised  for  all  his 
goodness  and  mercy  to  us  in  our  hours  of  darkest 
;iffliction." 

Statistics,  1880 :  2 churches,  100  members,  $273.17 
contributions,  2  itnportant  out-stations. 

A  sketch  of  Dr.  M.  T.  Yates,  whose  reputation 
is  as  broad  as  the  earth,  is  found  on  another  page 
of  this  volume. 

The  Shantung  Mission  has  had  two  main  stations, 
viz.,  at  Chefoo  and  at  Tung-Chow.  In  1860,  Rev. 
and  Mrs.  J.  L.  Holmes  settled  in  the  former,  and 
Rev.  and  Mrs.  J.  B.  Ilartwell  in  the  latter.  The 
next  year  Mr.  Holmes  was  brutally  murdered  by 
the  rebels.  lie  was  born  in  Preston  County,  now 
in  West  Virginia;  was  graduated  from  Columbian 
College  in  1858.  In  "Our  Life  iif  China"  Mrs. 
Nevins  describes  him  as  "  handsome,  talented,  ar- 
dent, with  very  winning  manners,  and  peculiarly 
fitted  for  usefulness  among  the  Chinese."  Mrs. 
Holmes  removed  to  Tung-Chow,  where  she  is  still 
doing  heroic  work.  She  has  issued  several  editions 
of  "Peep  of  Day."  lu  1871,  Mr.  Ilartwell  re- 
opened the  station  in  Chefoo.  In  1872  he  located 
in  Chefoo,  which,  he  said,  had  "sextupled  itself" 
since  1860,  and  asked  the  board  "  to  appropriate 
§4000  for  a  residence  and  $4000  for  a  chapel."  He 
rented  a  commodious  dwelling,  where  he  had  "  at 
evening  family  prayer  a  company  of  twenty  Chi- 
nese," and  used  the  chapel  of  the  English  Bap- 
tist mission,  kindly  offered  by  Dr.  Brown  of  that 
mission.  In  1875  he  wrote,  "I  think  the  people 
are  receiving  the  ideas  of  the  gospel."  That  year 
lie  was  forced  home  by  the  ill  health  of  his  wife, 
who  died  Dec.  3,  1879,  in  California,  where  Dr. 
Ilartwell  has  a  mission  under  the  home  board  of 
the  Convention.  Dr.  Hartwell  was  born  in  Dar- 
lington, S.  C,  in  1835;  graduated  with  distinction 
from  Furman  University  in  1856.  In  1858  he  mar- 
ried Miss  Eliza  H.  Jewett,  of  Macon,  Ga.,  who 
died  in  China  in  1870,  greatly  lamented.  Ilis 
second  wife.  Miss  Julia  Jewett,  was  her  sister. 
With  sixteen  years'  experience  in  China,  Dr.  Hart- 
well  is  eminently  adapted  to  the  work  in  California, 
where  he  has  organized  a  Chinese  church.  The 
Doctorate  was  conferred  on  him  by  Furman  Uni- 
versity. 

Tung-Chow  Station. — Mr.  Ilartwell,  as  has  been 
stated,  located  there  in  18G0,  and  constituted  a 
church  of  eight  members,  Oct.  5,  1862.  It  was 
Known  as  the  North  Street  church.  In  1864  there 
were  eighteen  members.  Mr.  Crawford,  coming  to 
Tung-Chow,  took  charge  of  the  church,  while  jMr. 
Ilartwell  supplied  a  temporary  absence  of  jMr. 
Yates  from  Shanghai,  and  baptized  eight  converts. 


There  were 'two  schools  there,  and  some  "6000 
books  had  been  printed  and  distributed."  In  1866, 
Mr.  Crawford  constituted  a  second  church,  of  eight 
persons,  known  as  the  Monument  Street  church. 
In  1868  "a  deep  religious  revival"  arose  in  neigh- 
boring villages,  through  the  instrumentality  of  a 
native  baptized  by  Mr.  Ilartwell,  and  twenty  were 
baptized.  In  1869,  Mr.-  Ilartwell  reported  his 
church  contributions  to  be  SJ27.  In  1871  the  mem- 
bership was  fifty-six.  In  1870,  Woo  was  ordained 
a  native  pastor.  In  1872,  Mr.  Ilartwell  wrote, 
"  Woo  has*  managed  the  church  with  great  discre- 
tion and  propriet}'.  .  .  .  He  tells  tiiem  that  in- 
stead of  their  being  dependent  on  the  missionaries, 
the  missionaries  should  be  dependent  on  them." 
In  1873  the  statistics  were:  membership,  63;  con- 
nected with  the  church  from  the  first,  81  :  income 
of  church,  8224.  The  church  bears  its  own  ex- 
penses, except  chapel  rent.  In  1875  the  board  re- 
ported, "  Rev.  AVoo  is  pastor,  but  Brother  Hart- 
well,  though  living  in  Chefoo,*  kept  an  advisory 
relation  to  it,  and  aided  it  by  his  constant  counsel 
and  occasional  presence."  After  sundry  vicissi- 
tudes this  church  is  virtually  merged  in  the  Monu- 
ment Street  church. 

In  1871,  Mr.  Crawford,  greatly  encouraged, 
Avrote,  "  Christianity  gains  ground  day  by  day. 
The  government  and  people  all  feel  that  their 
ancient  stronghold*  are  giving  way."  In  1873  he 
built  a  chapel  for  S3000.  In  1872,  Miss  Edmonia 
Moon  joined  the  mission,  but,  after  remarkable 
progress  in  the  language,  she  had  to  yield  in  1876 
to  broken  health  and  quit  the  field.  In  1873  her 
sister,  Miss  Lottie  Moon,  a  woman  of  distinguished 
ability,  joined  the  mission,  and,  with  Mrs.  Crawford 
and  j\Irs.  Holmes,  is  teaching  in  the  cit}'.  and  tell- 
ing of  Jesus  Air  in  the  country-.  In  four  years  the 
ladies  made  1027  visits  to  country  villages.  In 
1^79  the  schools  numbered  56,  the  church  115.  In 
1880  "more  than  a  thousand  visits  were  made  for 
preaching  the  gospel  and  distributing  books  in 
villages  around  Tung-Chow."  Dr.  Crawford  adds, 
"  May  God  bless  the  seed  thus  sown  under  many 
difliculties !" 

T.  P.  Crawford  was  born  in  Warren  Co.,  Ky., 
May  8,  1821  ;  graduated  from  Union  University, 
Tonn.,  in  1851,  "at  the  head  of  his  class,  and  with 
tbe  first  honors  of  the  institution."  He  was  or- 
dained in  1851,  and  married  Miss  Martha  Foster, 
of  Alabama,  daughter  of  the  late  Deacon  J.  L.  S. 
Foster.  Tiie  same  year  he  was  appointed  a  mis- 
sionary;  labored  in  Shanghai  until  1862,  when 
he  went  to  Tung-Chow,  where  he  has  toiled  in- 
defatigably  ever  since.  Mrs.  Crawford  has  pub- 
lished several  books.  The  last  work  of  Dr.  Craw- 
ford's is  "  The  Patriarchal  Dynasties."  In  1879 
the  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Rich- 
mond College,  Va. 


SOUTHERN 


1083 


SOUTHERN 


RECEII'TS    AM)    EXPENDITURES. 

From  I84G  to  1881  the  Convention  lias  received 
and  expended  for  foreign  missions  $1,029,920.90. 

HOME    MISSION    I50.\RD. 

The  liome  mission  work  of  tiie  Baptists  of  the 
SiHitii  in  tlie  United  States  is  mostly  performed  by 
State  Mission  Boards.  Still,  a  large  measure  of 
general  evanirelical  lal)()r  has  been  accomplished, 
anil  is  still  beini;  performed,  by  the  Home  ]Mission 
Board  of  the  SoutherTi  Baptist  Convention.  This 
evangeii(!al  labor  may  be  divided  into  the  following 
departments:  ].  Home  mission  work;  2.  Indian 
missions;  3.  Chinese  Mission,  in  California;  4. 
Work  of  tiie  Bible  Board  ;  5.  AVork  of  the  Sunday- 
School  Board.  (See  articles  on  those  topics.)  Tlie 
Southern  States,  properly  speaking,  are  Maryland, 
Virginia,  North  Carolina,  Soutli  Carolina,  Florida, 
Georgia,  Alabama,  Mississip|)i,  Louisiana,  Texas, 
Arkansas,  Missouri,  Tennessee,  and  Kentucky. 
The  Southern  Baptist  Convention  and  its  two  mis- 
sion boards — domestic  and  foreign — were  formed 
at  Augusta  on  jSIay  8,  1845.  The  first  officers  of 
tiie  Domestic  Board,  as  it  was  then  called,  were 
Uev.  Basil  IManly,  Sr.,  President;  Rev.  J.  L. 
Reynolds,  Corresponding  Secretary ;  Rev.  M.  P. 
Jewett,  Recording  Secretary  ;  Thos.  Chilton,  Treas- 
urer ;  and  AVm.  N.  Wyatt,  Auditor.  The  board 
was  located  at  Marion,  Ala.  Owing  to  the  dis- 
tance of  his  residence,  Dr.  Manly  resigned,  and 
Dr.  Hartwell  was  elected  president.  Prof.  Rey- 
nolds also  declined,  and,  in  November,  Rev.  Rus- 
sell Ilolman  became  corresponding  secretary,  and 
Mr.  AVm.  Hornbuckle  was  elected  treasurer,  as  Jlr. 
Chilton  removed  from  Marion.  For  many  years 
Mr.  Holman  and  Mr.  Hornbuckle  filled  their  re- 
spective positions  witii  honor  to  themselves  ami  to 
the  satisfaction  of  their  brethren,  nobly  sustained 
by  a  board  of  managers  which  contained  sucli  men 
as  J.  H.  De  Votie,  E.  D.  King,  and  Wm.  N.  Wyatt. 
In  1851,  Mr.  Holman  resigned,  in  consequence  of 
feeble  health,  and  Rev.  Thomas  F.  Curtis  was 
elected  secretary  ;  but  lie  retired,  after  two  years' 
efficient  service,  and  was  succeeded,  in  1853,  by  Rev. 
•Joseph  Walker.  In  1855  the  American  Indian 
Mission  Association  of  Kentucky  transferred  its 
work  to  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  together 
with  a  iieavy  debt,  which  was  [)romptly  paid. 
Tiienecforth  tiie  Domestic  Board  was  designated 
us  the  Domestic  and  Indian  Mission  Board  until 
1874,  wiien  its  name  was  changed  to  Home  Board. 
This  union  and  transfer  gave  a  mighty  impulse  to 
the  work  of  the  board,  and  a  great  enlargement  to 
its  field.  Tiie  sj'mpathies  of  the  denomination 
were  strongly  enlisted,  and  its  liberality  largely 
increased.  At  the  close  of  185G,  Rev.  Josciih 
Walker  resigned  the  secretarysiiip,  a  position  he 
had  filled  with  eminent  ability,  and  Rev.  R.  Hol- 


man was  again  callc(l  to  the  position,  but,  after 
prosecuting  his  labors  with  much  consecration,  he 
was  compelled  by  ill  health  to  retire  in  1862.  Rev. 
M.  T.  Sumner,  who  had  entered  the  service  of  the 
board  as  financial  secretary  in  1858,  succeeded  Mr. 
Ilolman,  and  conducted  the  afiairs  of  the  Home 
Board  with  wonderful  ability  and  success  until 
1875,  whrn  he  resigned.  Wm.  N.  Hornbuckle. 
Treasurer,  and  Wm.  N.  AV'yatt,  Auditor,  both  effi- 
cient, faithful,  and  beloved,  were  respectively  suc- 
ceeded i)y  J.  B.  Lovelace  and  S.  II.  Fowlkes,  who 
have  given  their  valuable  services  to  the  present 
time.  Dr.  Basil  Manly,  Jr.,  was  elected  to  suc- 
ceed Dr.  Sumner,  but  declined,  and  Dr.  Wm.  II. 
Mcintosh,  the  present  most  able  and  efficient  sec- 
retary, was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy,  and  entered 
upon  his  duties  Oct.  1,  1875.  He  reported  the 
l)oard  almost  entirely  free  from  debt  in  1877,  and 
since  that  time  it  has  enlarged  its  work  to  the  full 
extent  of  the  means  furnished. 

The  Home  Mission  Board  has  sustained  mission- 
aries in  every  Southern  State,  has  planted  churches, 
and  fostered  interests  that  needed  support.  AVeak 
churches,  in  most  of  the  large  cities  of  the  South, 
have  been  assisted  by  it,  until  able  to  sustain  them- 
selves. Notably  among  these  cities  are  Baltimore, 
Washington  City,  Richmond,  Petersburg,  Freder- 
icksburg, Raleigh,  Augusta,  Atlanta,  New  Orleans, 
Galveston,  Houston,  Texas,  Mobile,  St.  Louis,  Mem- 
phis, Knoxville,  and  many  others.  Young  and  grow- 
ing cities  on  the  frontiers  have  contained  its  mission- 
ai"ies.  Especial  attention  has  been  paid  to  Texas, 
into  which  a  rapid  tide  of  population  from  other 
States  has  flowed  constantly.  Among  the  many 
missionaries  employed  in  that  State  may  be  men- 
tioned Rev.  Win.  M.  Tryon,  Rev.  James  Huckiiis. 
Rev.  R.  C.  Burleson,  Rev.  J.  W.  D.  Creatii.  Rev.  Z. 
N.  Morrell,  Rev.  Jesse  Witt,  and  Wm.  M.  Pickett; 
and  the  work  accomplished  by  tiiese  and  others  in 
Texas  is  now  seen  in  a  membership,  in  that  State, 
larger  than  that  claimed  by  any  other  denomina- 
tion, in  a  numerous,  devoted,  and  most  efficient 
ministry,  and  in  male  and  female  Baptist  colleges 
of  a  high  order.  The  board,  in  connection  with 
Associations  and  State  Conventions,  has  always 
labored  most  earnestly  and  energetically  in  be- 
stowing religious  instruction  upon  the  colored 
people.  It  has  ever  found  the  Christian  masters 
and  mistresses  keenly  alive  to  the  moral  responsi- 
bilities growing  out  of  tiieir  relations  to  their  ser- 
vants, and  ever  ready  to  aid  in  giving  them  gospel 
privileges.  Generally,  all  the  missionaries  of  the 
Home  Board  had  colored  interests  in  connection 
with  their  charges,  and,  in  many  instances,  rich 
blessings  crowned  their  labors  in  the  conversion 
of  colored  people.  The  wonderful  success  of  this 
evangelical  labor  among  tiie  colored  people  of  the 
South  is  clearly  demonstrated    by   the    existence. 


SOUTHERN 


1084 


SOUTHERN 


after  the  war,  of  hundreds  of  thousands  of  colored 
Baptists  in  those  States  where  emancipation  oc- 
curred, not  to  mention  the  numerous  colored 
church  members  of  other  denoipinations.  In  the 
State  of  Georgia  alone  thei-e  are  over  30  colored 
Associations,  about  900  churches,  and  110,000 
church  members.  During  the  war  the  work  of 
the  board  was  necessarily  suspended  in  many 
parts  of  the  country,  but  effective  service  was 
done  by  its  missionaries  among  the  soldiers  of  the 
Confederate  armies,  many  professing  conversion 
through  their  instrumentality.  During  the  war 
one  hundred  and  fifty-one  commissions  were  issued 
bj'  the  board  to  chaplains  and  missionaries  to  the 
armies  and  hospitals. 

Tlie  conclusion  of  the  war  left  the  board  pros- 
trate. Gradually  it  has  resumed  and  enlarged  its 
home  mission  work,  as  vigorously  as  its  means 
allowed,  adding  to  its  other  efforts  the  holding  of 
ministers'  institutes  for  the  benefit  of  colored  Bap- 
tist ministers.  Its  report  for  1880  shows  twenty 
missionaries  and  three  missionary  agents  in  the 
field,  as  follows :  six  in  Florida,  foUr  in  Arkansas, 
two  in  Georgia,  two  in  Texas,  one  in  California, 
three  in  Alabama,  one  in  Tennessee,  one  in  Vir- 
ginia, and  a  missionary  agent  and  evangelist  in 
each  of  the  States  of  North  Carolina,  Kentucky, 
and  Alabama.  It  also  kept  employed  one  white 
and  four  native  missionaries  in  the  Creek  nation, 
two  natives  in  the  Choctaw  nation,  one.  Rev.  A. 
Frank  Ross,  an  intelligent  educated  man,  one  white 
missionary  in  the  Chickasaw  nation,  and  a  Sem- 
inole Indian  missionary^ among  the  wild  tribes. 

CoNTKiBUTioxs. — Tiie  contributions  to  the  Home 
Board  from' 1845  to  1859,  inclusive,  §266,358.13. 
During  the  last  twenty  years  its  receipts  have  been 
§739,483.64,  so  that  the  total  receipts  from  1845  to 
1880,  inclusive,  were  §1,005,841.77. 

Generai,  Summary. — Since  its  organization  the 
Home  Board  has  issued  1893  commissions.  To  the 
year  1881  the  total  number  of  the  weeks  of  labor 
performed  by  its  missionaries  makes  a  period  of  506 
years.  The  number  of  baptisms  performed  by  its 
missionaries  is  36,874,  an  average  of  1053  annually. 
Five  thousand  and  fifty  churches  and  stations  were 
supplied  with  preaching,  and  many  churches  were 
constituted  and  Sunday-schools  organized. 

Indian  jMissions. — From  the  beginning  of  the 
century  Southern  Baptists  have  manifested  much 
interest  in  the  reformation  and  evangelization  of 
the  Indians.  Organized  efforts  were  made  first  in 
Kentucky  and  then  in  Georgia  for  their  education 
and  Christianization,  and  were  carried  on,  partly, 
through  the  Mission  Board  of  the  General  Conven- 
tion, at  Philadelphia,  until  1842,  when  a  Western 
Baptist  Convention  met  at  Cincinnati,  and  the  re- 
sult was  the  formation,  in  1843,  of  the  American 
Indian  Mission  Association.     This  association  es- 


tablished missions  in  the  Ciioctaw  and  Creek  na- 
tions, sending  as  missionaries  to  them  Rev.  Sidney 
Dyer,  Rev.  Joseph  Smedley,  Rev.  Ramsey  Potts, 
Rev.  A.  L.  Hay,  and  Rev.  II.  F.  Buckner,  who  was 
sent  in  1848,  and  who  is  still  laboring  successfully 
in  the  Creek  nation. '  These  missionaries,  aided  by 
faithful  native  preachers,  baptized  many  converts 
and  estaljlished  various  churches.  In  1854  the 
American  Indian  Mission  Association,  through  its 
Mission  Board  at  Louisville,  transferred  all  its  In- 
dian mission  work  to  the  Domestic  and  Indian 
i\Iission  Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention, 
which  accepted  the  charge  in  1855,  at  ^lontgomery, 
Ala,  Since  that  time  this  board  has  been  most 
earnestly  and  zealously  engaged  in  the  Indian  mis- 
sion work,  and  wonderful  success  has  crowned  its 
efforts.  From  time  to  time  the  board  has  sent  out 
various  missionaries  to  laljor  in  tlie  Indian  Terri- 
tory, among  whom  were  Rev.  R.  G.  Jloffatt,  sent 
in  1853  ;  Rev.  R.  J.  Ilogue,  sent  in  1858  ;  Rev.  A. 

E.  Vandivere,  in  1858  ;  Rev.  J.  A.  Slover,  in  1859 ; 
Rev.  Willis  Burns,  in  1859;  Rev.  J.  A.  Preston, 
in  1860 ;  Rev.  J.  S.  Murrow,  of  Georgia,  a  most 
efficient  and  faithful  missionar}',  was  sent  out  in 
1857,  and,  supported  by  the  Rehoboth  Association, 
has  continued  to  labor  most  efficientl}'  until  the 
present  time.     From  first  to  last,  however,  Dr.  II. 

F.  Buckner  has  remained  in  connection  with  the 
Convention,  and  hi*  laborious  faithfulness  consti- 
tutes him  the  "  Judson"  of  the  West. 

Among  the  missionaries  were  many  half-breed 
and  full-blood  natives,  whose  long  and  faithful  la- 
bors in  the  employ  of  the  board  have  aided  im- 
mensely in  making  the  Cherokees,  Creeks,  Choc- 
taws,  Chickasaws,  and  Seminoles  what  they  are 
to-day,  a  civilized,  .Christian  people;  and  their 
names  should  be  put  on  record, — Peter  Folsom, 
Simon  Hancock,  Lewis  Cass,  William  Cass,  John 
Jumper. 

A  few  figures  will  give  an  idea  of  the  number 
of  missionaries  employed,  the  amount  disbursed 
for  their  support,  and  the  nature  and  result  of  their 
labors  as  employes  of  tlie  Domestic  and  Indian 
iSIission  Board.  In  1856  and  1S57,  26  white  and 
native  missionaries  were  employed,  at  a  cost  of 
816,780.26,  among  the  Creeks,  Cherokees,  and 
Choctaws.  Several  schools,  also,  were  maintained 
in^uccessful  operation.  In  1858-59,  35  missionaries 
were  sustained, — 19  among  the  Creeks,  10  among 
the  Choctaws,  and  6  among  the  Cherokees, — and 
§18,019.77  were  expended.  The  amount  collected 
for  Indian  missions  in  five  years  was  §61,641.74. 
The  work  performed  was  the  supply  of  preaching 
to  135  churches  and  out-stations,  355  converts  bap- 
tized, 5  churches  constituted,  5  meeting-houses  built, 
4  Sabbath-schools  organized,  with  13  teachers  and 
1 17  pupils,  and  2  ministers  and  10  deacons  ordained. 
lu  1860  tand  1861,31  missionaries  and  8  interpreters 


i 


SOUTHERN 


1085 


SOUTHERN 


■were  employed,  at  a  cost  of  $23,835.  Diiriiii;  tlie 
two  years  171  churches  and  stations  were  supplied 
with  preaching,  20  churches  were  constituted,  23 
ministers  and  8  deacons  were  ordained,  3  temper- 
ance societies  were  formed,  and  4t)(l  persons  were 
baptized,  wiiiie  both  Sunday-sehools  and  secular 
schools  nourished. 

The  war  then  came  on,  and  finally  caused  a  total 
suspension  of  Indian  missions.  Previous  to  1870 
about  half  a  dozen  missionaries  only  were  kept  em- 
ployed. In  IS75  there  were  sixteen, — two  in  Nortli 
Carolina  anionj!;  tlie  Cherokees  in  that  State.  In 
1876  eleven  were  sustained  in  the  Indian  Territory  ; 
but  of  late  years  the  board  has  been  gradually  in- 
creasing its  operations  and  enlarging  its  field  among 
the  Indians. 

Results. — As  late  as  1845  the  Creeks  had  laws 
in  force  to  punish  ''praying  people,"'  and  in  that 
year  four  Cliristians  were  whipped.  Now,  the  Bap- 
tists alone  have  among  the  Creeks  2  Associations, 
32  churches,  with  17  Sunday-schools,  about  30 
native  preachers,  and  a  membership  of  1500. 
Among  tlie  Seniinoles  there  are  700  members  and 
several  native  preachers  ;  and  yet,  e.xccpt  for  a  few 
years  only,  II.  F.  Buckner  has  been  the  only  white 
missionary  of  the  board  to  these  two  tribes,  contain- 
ing a  population  of  14,500  Creeks  and  2500  Senii- 
noles. Among  the  Choctaws  and  Chickasaws  there 
are  2500  church  members.  The  Ciioctaw  and 
Chickasaw  Baptist  Association,  connected  with 
Southern  Baptist  Missions,  had  29  churches,  with 
1300  members,  and  16  Sunday-schools,  with  C26 
scholars  and  45  teachers,  in  1880.  Among  the 
Cherokees  there  is  a  Baptist  Association  compris- 
ing a  ineinbership  of  more  than  1000.  In  connec- 
tion with  its  Creek  mission  the  board  has  a  manual 
labor  school,  capable  of  educating  at  one  time  50 
girls  and  50  boys ;  and  it  has,  also,  a  church  with 
69  members  among  the  wild  tribes,  the  pastor  of 
which,  John  Jumper,  is  a  full-blooded  Seminole. 

Missio.v  TO  THE  Chinese  i.\  California. — In  No- 
vember, 1879,  the  Home  Mission  Board  sent  Rev. 
J.  B.  Ilartwell,  D.i)..  as  a  missionary  to  the  Chinese 
in  San  Francisco,  Cal.  Immediately  after  his  ar- 
rival Dr.  Ilartwell  entered  heartily  into  his  work, 
and  soon  baptized  a  convert.  He  employed  a  hall 
for  preaching,  and  he  opened  a  night  school  for 
the  Chinese.  His  labors  gradually  extended  suc- 
cessfully, and  he  at  length  united  the  (.^hinese  Bap- 
tist converts  into  a  church,  having  baptized  one 
woman,  who  is,  perhaps,  tiic  first  Chinese  female 
convert  ever  baptized  in  the  United  States. 

Rev.  J,  B.  Ilartwell  lias  fine  talents.  He  spent 
twenty  years  in  Northern  China;  but  being  com- 
pelled by  the  ill  health  of  his  family  to  return  to 
America,  he  was  thus  providentially  at  hand,  well 
prepared  for  this  important  mission  in  California. 
It  is  thought  that  it  will  assist  greatly  in  the  evan- 


gelization of  China  by  the  return  to  that  country 
of  converts  from  California. 

The  Bible  Board. — In  1846  the  Southern  Bap- 
tist Convention  constituted  its  two  boards  its  agents 
for  Bible  operations,  and  in  the  next  four  years 
§10,000  were  contril)utcd  and  disbursed  in  the  dis- 
tribution of  the  divine  AVord.  During  the  same 
time  the  Southern  Baptists  gave  more  than  twice 
as  much — that  is,  §20,308.89 — to  the  American  and 
Foreign  Bible  Society.  In  view  of  this  and  simi- 
lar circumstances,  the  Convention  organized  a  Bilile 
board,  in  1851,  for  the  purpose  of  more  effectually 
circulating  the  holy  Scriptures  at  home  and  abroad. 
The  four  great  objects  designed  by  the  origination 
of  the  board  were, — "  1 .  To  aid  our  Foreign  Mission 
Board  in  the  translation  and  distribution  of  the 
Scriptures  in  foreign  lands;  2.  To  co-operate  with 
the  Domestic  Mission  Board  in  the  home  distribu- 
tion of  the  Scriptures ;  3.  To  concentrate  and  de- 
velop the  liberality  of  the  Southern  Baptists;  4. 
To  supervise  and  provide  for  the  vast  moral  des- 
titution at  home  and  abroad." 

The  board  was  located  at  Nashville,  Tenn.  Its 
first  president  was  Dr.  Samuel  Baker.  The  other 
officers  were  W.  C.  Buck.  Corresponding  Secretary: 
W.  P.  Jones,  Recording  Secretary:  and  C.  A.  Ful- 
ler, Treasurer.  The  first  biennial  report,  in  1853, 
showed  over  §8000  collected  and  §6920  expended. 

The  report  of  1855  exhibited  §10,126.90  received 
and  .§8862.40  disljursed,  of  which  §3254  were  ex- 
pended in  sending  copies  of  the  Bible  to  foreign 
countries. 

In  the  mean  time.  Dr.  S.  Baker  had  resigned, 
and  W.  H.  Baylies  was  elected  President,  and  A.  C. 
Dayton  had  become  Corresponding  Secretary,  and 
J.  J.  Toon,  Recording  Secretary. 

The  third  biennial  report,  in  1857,  showed  an 
income  of  §33,135.27,  collected  and  disbursed 
partly  through  State  societies,  with  the  exception 
of  §2115.38  in  the  treasury.  The  report  exhibited 
the  existence  of  various  strong  and  active  State 
Bible  societies  in  different  States. 

In  1859,  Dr.  R.  B.  C.  Howell  was  elected  presi- 
dent of  the  board,  and  in  the  next  two  years  about 
§8000  only  were  collected,  due  partly  to  the  want 
of  a  corresponding  secretary  a  large  portion  of  the 
time,  and  partly  to  political  agitation.  The  re- 
port, rendered  at  Savannah  in  the  spring  of  1861, 
manifested  that  over  §8000  had  been  collected, 
Rev.  L.  W.  Allen  being  the  corresponding  secre- 
tary, and  the  successor  of  Rev.  Matt.  Hillsman  : 
and  although  Rev.  C.  D.  Mallary  brought  in  a 
special  report  advocating  a  continuance  of  the 
board,  and  although  the  secretary  made  a  strong 
report  in  favor  of  the  operations  of  the  Bible  Board, 
it  was  apparent  that  its  days  were  numbered. 

A  committee  was  appointed  to  arrange  some 
plan,    if   possiijle,    by    which   a    union    might   be 


SOUTHERN 


1086 


■  SOUTH/:  NX 


effected  between  the  Bible  Board  and  the  Southern 
Baptist  Pulilication  Society,  Jit  Charleston.  Many 
consultations  took  place;  but  before  any  arrange- 
ments could  be  effected  the  storm  of  war  fell  upon 
the  South,  the  corresponding  secretary  became  an 
officer  in  the  Confederate  army,  Nashville  fell  into 
the  hands  of  the  Federal  army  in  February,  1802, 
the  president  of  the  board  was  impi'isoncd,  and,  of 
course,  the  active  operations  of  the  board  ceased. 
It  had,  however,  by  means  of  stereotype  plates, 
which  had  "run  the  blockade,"  printed  20,000 
small  neat  Testaments,  14,000  of  which  had  been 
distributed  in  the  Confederate  armies,  chiefly  in 
Virginia,  Kentucky,  South  Carolina,  and  Georgia. 
Some  colportage  work  was  done  in  1861,  but  war 
disturbances  soon  caused  a  suspension  of  it.  It, 
however,  continued  to  hold  its  regular  meetings 
until  April,  18G3.  The  board  met  on  the  13th  of 
April,  1803,  and  made  a  report,  wiiich  was  sent  to 
Dr.  Fuller,  at  Baltimore,  to  be  forwarded  through 
the  lines,  but  it  did  not  reach  the  Convention  until 
its  session  at  Russellville,  Ky.,  in  1806.  In  the 
mean  time,  at  the  session  of  the  Southern  Baptist 
Convention  in  18G3,  in  Augusta,  Ga.,  a  committee, 
composed  of  James  P.  Boyce,  B.  Manly,  Sr.,  and 
A.  M.  Poindexter,  recommended  the  abolition  of 
the  board.  Their  report  was  adopted,  and  the 
churches  were  recommended  to  send  their  contri- 
butions for  Bible  distribution  to  the  two  boards  of 
the  Convention, — Foreign  and  Domestic, — accord- 
ing to  the  field  they  wished  to  supply. 

Of  this  action  the  board  remained  in  ignorance 
until  the  10th  of  April,  1800,  when  a  meeting  was 
called  by  the  president,  and  its  dissolution  was  an- 
nounced. Its  final  report  was  made  in  May,  1866, 
when  it  reported  §2148.74  in  tlie  treasurer's  hands 
to  the  credit  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention., 

Sunday-School  Board. -^In  1863,  at  the  session 
of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  held  at  Au- 
gusta, Ga.,  Dr.  B.  Manly,  Sr.,  chairman,  rendered 
a  special  report  strongly  advocating  the  creation 
of  a  board  of  Sunday-schools  of  the  Southern  Bap- 
tist Convention.  A  committee  was  appointed,  by 
whose  advice  the  following  officers  were  elected, 
besides  the  board  and  vice-presidents  :  Basil  Manly, 
Jr.,  President;  C.  J.  Elford,  Corresponding  Secre- 
tary ;  Rev.  Joim  A.  Broadus,  Recording  Secretary  ; 
J.  C.  Smith,  Treasurer;  and  T.  Q.  Donaldson, 
Auditor.  The  board  was  located  at  Greenville, 
S.  C.  Soon  Rev.  John  A.  Broadus  was  made  cor- 
responding secretary,  with  a  small  salary.  The 
board  witiiin  three  years  published  several  excellent 
little  question-l)ooks  and  catechisms,  works  by  Drs. 
Boyce,  B.  Manly,  Jr.,  and  Rev.  L.  II.  Shuck,  which 
still  retain  a  position  as  favorites  in  the  South.  In 
January,  1866,  the  board  began  the  publication  of 
a  small  monthly  Sunday-school  paper  called  Kind 
Words  for   the    Sundai/- School    Children,    at   the 


price  of  ten  cents  a  copy.  Its  first  editor  was 
Basil  Manly,  Jr.  In  the  year  1870  this  paper  was 
united  to  The  Child's  Delight,  purchased  from  S. 
Boykin,  of  Macon,  Ga.,  and  the  two  papers  united 
bore  the  name  of  Kind  Words,  which  now  main- 
tairts  a  vigorous  and  useful  existence  as  a  Sunday- 
school  paper,  and  which  still  remains  the  property 
of  the  Convention,  with  a,  wide  circulation.  Its 
editor  since  1872  has  been  Rey.  S.  Boj'kin.  During 
the  first  thi'ee  years  of  its  existence  the  Sunday- 
School  Board  collected  §47,684.10.  most  of  which 
was  expended  in  publishing  Kind  Words.  Tins 
was  in  Confederate  money,  however,  of  which 
§4583.45  remained  on  hand  in  Confederate  treas- 
ury notes  at  the  end  of  the  war.  In  the  fourth 
year  of  its  existence  the  board  collected  §7308,  in- 
cluding subscriptions  received  for  Kind  Words, 
which  had  reached  a  circulation  of  25,000.  It 
continued  to  publish  various  useful  catechisms, 
question-books,  and  a  Sunday-school  hymn-book. 
It  employed  several  evangelists,  who  organized 
many  Sunday-schools,  and  performed  evangelistic 
laJjors  in  Missouri,  North  Carolina,  Tennessee, 
and  Kentucky.  It  is  pleasing  to  record  that  in 
the  year  1866  the  American  Bible  Society  made 
the  board  a  grant  of  25,000  Testaments,  equiv- 
alent to  a  donation  of  §2025.16. 

The  fifth  3'ear  of  the  board's  existence  showed 
some  vitality  and  afforded  cause  for  encourage- 
ment, yet  the  States  manifested  comparatively 
little  interest  in  it.  Rev.  C.  C.  Bitting  had  become 
its  corresjionding  secretary,  and  served  with  great 
efficiency.  In  1868  the  board  was  removed  to 
Memphis,  Tenn.,  and  united  with  the  Southern 
Baptist  Sunda3'-School  Union.  In  1870,  with  Dr.  T. 
C.  Teasdale  for  its  corresponding  secretary,  new  life 
was  infused  into  this  board.  Its  receipts  ran  up  to 
about  §8000,  and  it  had  come  into  possession  of 
the  stereotype  plates  of  many  Sunday-school  books, 
through  its  consolidation  with  the  Southern  Sun- 
day-School Union.  It  consequently  soon  issued 
many  valuable  Sunday-school  books.  It  also  era- 
ployed  various  colporteurs  and  missionaries  in  dif- 
ferent States,  .and  appeared  to  enter  upon  a  grand 
and  good  work. 

Its  receipts  during  the  eighth  year  of  its  exist- 
ence were  §18,807.00,  tiie  monetary  contributions 
from  the  different  States  amounting  to  about  §8000. 
Still  it  was  found  that  the  board  was  in  debt  to  the 
amount  of  §4500,  Dr.  T.  C.  Teasdale  resigned  his 
position  Sept.  15,  187 1.  No  other  corresponding 
secretary  was  ever  secured,  but  the  business  affairs 
of  the  board  were  very  successfully  managed  by  S. 
C.  Rogers,  acting  corresponding  secretary  and  busi- 
ness manager.  The  receipts  for  1872  were  §14, 240.- 
65;  and  the  receipts  for  1873  were  §16,449.25,  of 
which  .§4551.27  were  general  contriluitions  from 
the  States,  and  §11,426.82  were  received  as  sulj- 


SOUTHER  N^ 


1087 


SOUTHERN 


scriptions  for  Kind  Words.  In  the  report  to  the 
Soiitliern  Baptist  Convention  for  tliut  year,  the 
editor  of  ^»id  Words,  S.  Boyiiiii,  wlio  was  acting 
as  corresponding  secretary  ^^ro  ton.,  made  sugges- 
tions whiuii  led  to  the  consolidation  of  the  Sunday- 
School  Board  with  tlie  Domestic  and  Indian  Mis- 
sion Board  of  the  Southern  B;if)tist  Convention,  at 
the  session  which  met  in  Mohile.  It  was  under- 
stood that  this  board,  now  called  the  Home  Board, 
should  continue  the  publication  of  Kind  Words, 
the  Sunday-school  paper  of  the  Convention,  which 
had  attained  a  very  largo  circulation.  The  [)aper 
was  removed  to  Macon,  Ga.,  in  1S73,  where  it  has 
been  published  ever  since,  and  has  been  of  valu- 
able assistance,  by  its  lesson  expositions,  to  the 
Baptist  Sunday-schools  of  the  South;  and  it  has 
l)ecn  beneficial  in  indoctrinating  the  Sunday-scliool 
children  of  the  Southern  States  in  I$aptist  princi- 
l)les,  and  in  inculcating  missionary  sentiments.  Its 
management  has  been  such  that  for  five  years  in 
succession  it  earned  $800  net  per  annum,  and  the 
contract  for  the  next  five  years  secured  for  the 
Convention  $1000  per  annum. 

The  Sunday-School  Board  of  the  Southern  Bap- 
tist Conventiim  was  greatly  needed  during  the  war. 
when  it  was  originated.  After  the  war,  the  neces- 
sity for  its  existence  was  not  generally  acknowl- 
edged, and  hence  it  was  not  adequately  sustained. 
The  field  of  operations  was  entirely  too  large  for 
the  instrumentality  employed,  and  it  was  discerne<l 
that  the  Sunday-school  work  should  properly  be 
left  to  the  denominational  machinery  of  each  State, 
Hence  the  State  Conventions,  Associations,  and 
churches  were  earnestly  exhorted  to  take  in  hand 
and  perform  a  work  far  too  great  for  any  one 
agency,  with  very  limited  means.  The  result  has 
been  tiiat  each  Southern  State,  through  its  State 
Mission,  or  Sunday-School  Board,  is  now  diligently, 
zealously,  and  prosperously  carrying  forward  the 
Sunday-school  work  within  its  own  borders. 

Southern   Baptist    Theological    Seminary, 

The,  at  present  located  at  Louisville,  Ky,,  was  first 
opened  at  Greenville,  S.  C,  the  first  Monday  in 
October,  1859,  with  four  professors, — James  P, 
Boyce  (chairman  of  the  faculty),  John  A.  Broadus, 
William  Williams,  and  B,  Manly,  Jr.  Twenty-six 
students  attended  the  first  session,  thirty-six  at- 
tended the  second  session,  but  the  war  diminished 
the  number  during  the  third  session,  and  the  .con- 
script act  of  the  Confederate  Congress  caused  the 
suspension  of  the  institution  until  the  close  of  the 
war.  Its  property  and  a  large  subscription  for  its 
support  were  rendered. almost  valueless  by  the  re- 
sults of  the  conflict.  At  the  close  of  the  war,  Oct. 
1,  1865,  the  seminary  was  reopened  with  a  full 
faculty  and  ei()ht  students.  It  was  largely  sus- 
tained for  a  time  ))y  the  private  fortune  of  Prof. 
Boyce.     In  186G  the  institution,  which  had  hitherto 


been  under  the  direction  of  the  board  of  an  educa- 
tional society,  sought  and  obtained  the  fostering 
influence  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention, 
From  this  period  till  1871  no  attempt  was  made  to 
raise  an  endowment.  The  institution  was  su|>ported 
by  annual  collections.  According  to  a  resolution 
of  the  board  of  trustees  at  that  date  bids  were  re- 
ceived for  a  new  location  for  the  seminary.  The 
Baptists  of  Kentucky  pledged  §300,000  fir  its  loca- 
tion in  that  State.  The  proposition  was  accepted, 
and  Louisville  selccte<l  for  its  home.  Nearly  the 
amount  pledged,  which  was  to  be  supplemented  by 
!:^200.001)  from  the  other  Southern  States,  was  raised 
in  stocks,  individual  bonds,  and  real  estate,  when 
a  financial  crash  again  blasted  the  prospective  en- 
dowment, and  the  institution  was  saved  from  de- 
struction only  by  a  prompt  subscription,  in  1874, 
of  $90,000,  to  be  paid  in  five  annual  installments 
for  its  current  expenses.  In  1879  the  last  of  what 
was  secured  of  this  subscription  was  exhausted, 
and  little  of  the  remains  of  tlie  prospective  endow- 
ment having  been  collected,  the  seminary  was  again 
brought  to  a  great  strait.  But  once  more  its  friends 
were  encouraged  by  the  endowment  of  a  professor- 
ship by  Gov.  Joseph  E.  Brown,  of  Georgia,  who 
donated  SoO,000  for  that  purpose.  The  board  re- 
solved to  put  forth  an  earnest  efibrt  to  add  to  this 
$150,000,  previous  to  June,  1881 ,  George  W,  Nor- 
ton, Esq.,  of  Louisville,  has  pledged  $10,000  of  this 
sum,  provided  the  whole  amount  shall  be  raised. 
This  accomplished,  an  endowment  of  at  least 
$500,000  will  be  speedily  completed.  Through  all 
its  struggles  for  existence  the  seminary  has  con- 
tinued to  hold  its  usual  sessions,  with  its  full  corps 
of  professors  and  a  regularly-increasing  number  of 
students.  It  was  removed  to  Kentucky,  and  opened 
its  first  session  in  Louisville.  Sept.  1,  1877.  Since 
that  time  it  has  had  an  average  attendance  of  about 
seventy-five  students.  Its  present  faculty  are 
James  P.  Boyce,  John  A,  Broadus,  B,  Manly,  and 
W.  H,  Whitsitt,  It  is  but  just  to  say  that  Dr. 
Boyce,  wiio  is  chairman  of  the  faculty,  treasurer 
of  the  board,  and  general  financial  agent  for  the 
semin.iry,  has  been  the  life-power  of  the  institution 
from  its  conception  t<>  the  present,  notwithstanding 
his  co-laborers  have  been  great,  good,  and  faithful 
men. 
Southern  Female  College,  The,  La  Grange, 

Ga,,  was  organized  in  1S4:>  by  Rev.  J,  E  Dawson, 
D,D.,  as  a  school  of  a  hiiih  order  for  the  education 
of  young  ladies,  Dr,  Dawson,  however,  was  shortly 
succeeded  by  Milton  E.  Bacon,  A.M.,  whose  first 
class  of  five  young  ladies  graduated  in  1845.  Under 
Mr.  Bacon's  adtniiiistration  the  college  rapidly  grew 
into  favor,  tiic  graduating  classes  and  the  attend- 
ance on  the  various  departments  of  instruction  in- 
creasing from  year  to  year.  L;irge  and  beautiful 
buildings  were  erected  for  the  various  departments 


SPAIN" 


1088 


SPALDING 


of  instruction  and  for  the  accommodation  of  the 
hoarders,  who  came  in  hirge  numbers  from  this  and 
adjoining  States.  President  Bacon  retired  from 
the  college  in  1855,  and  was  succeeded  by  John  A. 
Foster,  A.M.,  who,  remaining  in  charge  till  1857, 
was  succeeded  by  I.  F.  Cox,  A.M.,  the  ■  present 
president. 

During  the  administration  of  Mr.  Bacon  the 
"Western  Baptist  Association  purchased  a  half  in- 
terest in  the  property,  and  secured  tlie  appointment 
of  half  the  trustees,  the  otlier  half  remained  with 
the  president  and  proprietors  of  the  remaining 
half  interest.  The  college  buildings  were  destroyed 
by  fire,  but  President  Cox  with  persistent,  indom- 
itable energy  kept  up  the  organization  of  the  col- 
lege, in  spite  of  obstacles  that  seemed  insurmount- 
able, and  with  the  returning  prosperity  of  the 
country,  assisted  by  the  liberal  and  progressive 
citizens  of  La  Grange,  he  erected-  the  magnificent 
buildings  now  used  by  the  college,  ^nd  supplied 
the  various  departments — literary,  music,  and  art 
— with  an  outfit  commensurate  with  the  demands 
of  this  age  of  progress  and  intellectual  activity. 

The  college  for  nearly  a  qliarter  of  a  century  has 
been  under  its  present  management.  Its  influence 
extends  to  all  parts  of  the  South.  The  graduates, 
to  the  number  of  400,  are  found  in  every  part  of 
the  country,  filling  the  highest  social  positions,  and 
in  their  literary,  music,  and  art  training  beautifully 
illustrating  the  work  done  by  their  alma  mater. 

The  last  catalogue  of  tire  college,  for  the  year 
closing  in  June,  1880,  gives  the  names  of  148  pu- 
pils, with  unusually  large  classes  in  the  various 
styles  of  painting,  and  in  music  on  the  difierent  in- 
struments. The  advantages  for  music  offered  here 
are  believed,  by  the  best  critics,  to  be  unequaled  in 
the  South. 

Spain,  Mission  to.— In  the  latter  part  of  No- 
vember, 1869,  a  letter  was  received  from  Rev.  W. 
J.  Knapp,  asking  aid  of  the  Missionary  Union  in 
his  gospel  work  at  Madrid.  On  the  10th  of  Au- 
gust, 1870,  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Madrid  was 
constituted  with  a  membership  of  thirty-three  per- 
sons. The  enterprise  was  now  taken  under  the 
charge  of  the  Missionary  Union,  and  Rev.  John  W. 
Terry  was  appointed  as  the  assistant  of  iNIr.  Knapp, 
but  his  connection  with  the  mission  continued  for 
only  a  short  time.  Mr.  Knapp  labored  with  groat 
zeal  and  earnestness,  and  at  times  with  good  jn-os- 
pects  of  success.  Several  missionary  stations  were 
established,  conversions  took  place,  and  a  consider- 
able number  were  baptized.  Having  accomplished 
what  ho  regarded  as  his  special  mission  in  Spain, 
Mr.  Knapp  resigned  and  left  ^ladrid  late  in  the 
fall  of  1876.  The  Executive  Committee  of  the 
Union,  referring  to  his  work  in  Spain,  say,  "He 
labored  with  zeal  and  industry  to  plant  missions 
in  various  parts  of  the  country  ;  but  owing  to  the 


unsettled  state  of  Spain,  the  frivolous  character 
of  the  people,  and  the  inefliciency  of  the  native 
preachers,  one  promising  interest  after  another 
dropped  out  of  sight."'  Notwithstanding  the  dis- 
couragements connected  with  the  carrying  on  of 
the  mission  in  Spain,- the  Executive  Committee  have 
not  felt  justified  in  abandoning  the  field  at  present. 
The  work  is  now  carried  on  entirely  by  native 
agency.  There  are  four  churches,  three  ordained 
ministers,  and  140  church  members  in  Spain. 

Spalding,  Albert  Theodore,  D.D.,  pastor  of 
the  Second  Baptist  church,  Atlanta,  Ga.,  is  a  man 


ALBERT    THEODORE    SPALDING,   D.D. 

of  ability  and  administrative  capacity  ;  possesses 
great  courteousness  of  demeanor,  and  is  especially 
beloved  by  the  young.  He  is  a  very  ready^  speaker, 
has  a  fine  command  of  language,  and  his  pulpit 
manner  is  agreeable,  even  to  the  most  fastidious. 
He  was  born  in  Elbert  County,  Oct.  20,  1831,  his 
parents  being  Rev.  A.  M.  Spalding,  A.M.,  M.D., 
and  Lucinda  Burton.  Mr.  A.  T.  Spalding  was 
graduated  with  one  of  the  honors  of  his  class,  in 
ISdl,  from  Mercer  Universitv.  Impressed  with 
the  duty  of  preaching  the  gospel,  he  spent  two 
years  more  at  fiercer,  in  the  theological  depart- 
ment, receiving  instruction  from  Dr.  John  L.  Dagg 
and  Dr.  N.  ISI.  Crawford.  In  1854  he  was  ordained 
as  pastor  of  the  church  in  Aiken.  S.  C,  where  for 
two  years  he  was  pastor ;  then  he  was  pastor  at 
Madison,  Ga.,  for  four  years.  Called  to  the  charge 
of  the  Berean  church,  in  "\Test  Philadelphia,  he 
served  two  years,  and  returned  South  on  account 
of  the  civil  war,  then  in  progress.     His  services 


SPALDING 


1089 


SPEAR 


were  soon  put  in  requisition  at  the  South.  The 
Selina,  Ala.,  churcli  ualied  him,  and  had  iiis  labors 
for  four  years.  Mobile  then  demanded  his  time 
and  talents,  and  he  preached  for  tiie  St.  Francis 
Street  church  four  years.  A  call  by  the  Walnut 
Street  church,  Louisville,  Ky.,  drew  him  to  that 
large  church,  of  which  he  was  pastor  four  years, 
succeeding  Dr.  G.  C.  Lorimer.  His  native  State 
once  more  claimed  his  services,  and,  in  response  to 
an  invitation  of  the  Second  Baptist  church,  he 
moved  to  Atlanta  in  1871,  becoming  the  successor 
of  Dr.  AVm.  T.  Braiitiy,  who  had  been  called  to 
Baltimore. 

He  is  still  residing  in  his  elegant  home  in  that 
famous  city  of  the  South,  the  successful  pastor  of 
one  of  the  largest,  richest,  and  most  prominent 
Baptist  churches  in  the  country.  The  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  upon  him  l)y 
Georgetown  College,  Ky.,  in  ]8()!}. 

Dr.  Spalding  has  been  well  educated,  and  is  a 
fine  scholar.  lie  is  a  man  of  cultivated  tastes  and 
gentlemanly  instincts,  and,  as  a  preacher,  sustains 
a  good  reputation  admiraljly.  His  churches  always 
grow,  and  they  contribute  liberally  to  our  benevo- 
lent projects.  Wherever  Dr.  Spalding  has  laliored' 
his  natural  abilities,  force  of  character,  independ- 
ence of  spirit,  and  unflagging  zeal  have  enabled 
him  to  sustain  himself  well.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  State  Board  of  Missions  and  of  the  Georgia 
Baptist  Convention,  and  is  a  trustee  of  Mercer 
University.  Besides  being  an  able  preacher,  he  is 
the  author  of  a  work  called  "  The  Little  Gate,  an 
Allegory,"'  that  was  published  by  Gould  &  Lincoln, 
of  Boston. 

Spalding,  Rev.  Amos  Fletcher,  was  bom  in 

Boston,  Mass.,  Jan.  12,  1821.  His  intention  was 
to  devote  himself  to  mercantile  pursuits,  but  having 
been  called  of  God,  as  he  believed,  to  the  work  of 
the  ministry,  he  prepared  for  college  at  the  Worces- 
ter Academy,  entered  Brown  University  in  1843, 
and  graduated  in  1847.  Three  years  were  spent 
in  theological  studies  at  the  Newton  Theological 
Institution,  and  in  March,  1851,  he  was  ordained, 
and  settled  as  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Montreal,  Canada.  lie  remained  here  but  a  short 
time.  The  nest  eight  years  of  his  ministerial  life 
were  equally  divided  between  the  churches  in  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.,  and  Calais,  Me.  Having  been  called 
to  Warren,  R.  I.,  he  was  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
there  for  ten  years.  He  was  subsequently  pastor 
at  Norwich,  Conn.,  and  Needham,  Mass.  The  only 
thing  Mr.  Spalding  published  was  an  interesting 
centennial  discourse  on  the  history  of  the  Warren 
church,  to  which  reference  is  made  in  the  histori- 
cal sketch  of  this  church  found  in  this  volume. 
He  died  at  Chelmesford,  Nov.  30,  1877.  He  was 
one  of  our  best  ministers,  respected  and  beloved 
by  a  large  circle  of  friends. 


Spear,  Prof.  Philetus  B.,  D.D.,  was  born  at 

Palmyra,  N.  Y.,  May  23,  1811  ;  prepared  for  col- 
lege at  Ostrander's  Mathematical  School  and  Pal- 
myra High  School ;  came  to  Hamilton  Dec.  1,  1831 : 
entered  the  first  class  that  took  a  full  college  course ; 
graduated  from' college  in  1836,  and  from  the  theo- 
logical seminary  in  1838. 

He  became  classical  teacher  in  1835,  tutor  of 
mathematics  in  1837,  then  Professor  of  Hebrew, 
and  in  1850  Professor  of  Hebrew  and  Latin ;  has 
taught  over  forty  years;  was  punctual,  methodical, 
thorough,  inspiring  his  classes  with  high  motives, 
and  with  enthusiasm. 

After  the  charter  of  1846  he  was  a  sort  of  com- 
mittee of  ways  and  means  to  the  treasurer.  Two 
emergencies  outside  of  his  chair  taxed  severely  his 
energies : 

First.  The  removal  controversy,  in  the  midst  of 
the  highest  prosperity,  was  suddenly  sprung  upon 
the  university,  running  through  three  years,  with 
divided  counsels  and  legal  proceedings.  His  posi- 
tion was  moderate  but  firm :  "  That  a  ?iew  institution 
was  better  for  the  Western  field,  that  the  possibility 
of  removal  was  doubtful,  and  therefore  Madison 
University  should  be  let  alone."  He  inade  a  his- 
torical and  legal  "  Brief  that  became  the  basis  of 
all  the  injunctions  against  removal.  The  positions 
taken  in  it  were  sustained  by  the  courts,  and  a 
perpetual  injunction  issued.  Twice  he  stood  alone, 
once  when  the  "  compromise  scheme"  was  urged 
to  take  away  the  university  charter  and  leave 
"another  school."'  lie  insisted  that  it  meant  death 
to  the  Hamilton  enterprise,  and  that  the  charter 
must  stay  or  all  go.  Then  again,  when  all  other 
questions  were  settled,  and  by  deatiis  and  resigna- 
tions not  even  a  quorum  of  Hamilton  men  were 
left  on  the  university  board,  he  took  the  responsi- 
bility, pecuniary  and  otherwise,  of  "  negotiation 
and  adjustment,"  at  an  hour  when  all  that  had 
been  contended  for  might  have  been  lost  by  losing 
the  university  charter  and  board  ;  and  thus  the 
university  was  saved  by  passing  through  the  nar- 
rowest strait  possible,  there  being  but  a  bare  quo- 
rum to  act  in  the  adjustment. 

The  controversy  ended,  around  Drs.  Eaton  and 
Spear  rallied  the  old  enthusiasm  and  patronage, 
and  in  three  years  brought  back  more  than  the  old 
prosperity.  This  success  brought  large  accretions 
of  work  and  responsibility,  and  for  ten  years,  be- 
sides his  chair  of  Hebrew  and  Latin,  he  was  libra- 
rian, and  secretary  of  both  boards,  and  of  the  ex- 
ecutive and  provisional  committees.  This  outside 
work  he  discontinued  when  the  necessity  ceased. 

Second.  The  necessity  for  an  endowment  brought 
another  emergency.  Salaries  were  small,  income 
inadequate.  To  push  out  with  larger  plans  re- 
quired larger  means.  Hired  agencies  for  this  spe- 
cific work  had  nearly  proved  a  failure.     Forced  by 


SPEIGHT 


1090 


SPENCE 


the  logic  of  circuni.stances,  he  undertook  tliis  outside 
work.  He  liad  already,  in  1850,  engineered  the 
first  subscription  for  !?60.000,  then  near  the  close 
of  the  war  he  had  organized  and  started  the  Col- 
gate plan  for  $60,000  more..  Iii  1864  he  took  more 
earnest  liold  of  endowment  as  a  voluntary  and 
gratuitous  service,  bat  making  it  a  side-issue  for 
recreation.  The  first  year  §82,000  came  in  ;  for 
the  "Jubilee,"  1869-70,  $220,000;  for  the  "  Na- 
tional Centennial,''  1876,  $102,000;  and  other  sums 
straggling  in,  made  for  all  purposes  about  half  a 
million  in  cash  since  the  war.  This  should  be  said 
to  recognize  the  aid  of  those  whole-souled  men  and 
women,  without  whom  no  success  could  have  fol- 
lowed, namely,  the  Colgate  Brothers  and  a  tiiousand 
others,  Trevor,  with  Mrs.  Dr.  Somers,  and  many 
new-comers,  Mrs.  King,  D.  Munroe,  Cornell,  and 
scores  doing  equally  well. 

As  a  student  and  professor  he  has  kept  pace  with 
the  university  life  for  nearly  half  a  century,  having 
personally  known  every  member  of  the  fiiculty, 
and  being  familiar  with  the-different  phases  of  uni- 
versity history.  lie  has  used  his  pen  with  effect, 
especially  in  the  removal  controversy.  He  drew 
up  the  "Fraternal  Address"  to  Baptists,  issued 
June  9,  1849;  also  the  "Address  to  the  Albany 
Convention"  of  Oct.  4,1849;  and  then  the  "Answer 
to  Dr.  Williams's  Compromise  Scheme"  of  Oct.  22, 
1849, — all  of  which  did  much  to  settle  mooted  ques- 
tions, and  to  establish  the  old  devotion,  enthusiasm, 
and  patronage. 

Speight,  Gen.  Joseph  Warren,  was  born  in 

Greene  Co.,  N.  C,  May  31,  1825.  His  father,  Hon. 
Jesse  Speight,  was  a  member  of  Congress  from 
North  Carolina,  and  U.  S.  Senator  from  Mississippi. 
His  early  education  was  obtained  at  Stony  Hill 
High  School.  After  the  family  removed  to  Missis- 
sippi, which  occurred  when  he  was  twelve  years  old, 
he  completed  a  higher  course  of  study  under  the  tu- 
ition of  Rev.  K.  C.  Burleson,  then  teaching  in  Mis- 
sissippi. At  the  age  of  twenty  he  commenced  the 
practice  of  law  in  Aberdeen,  ^liss.,  and  continued 
it  with  profit  and  distinction  until  failing  health 
induced  him  to  turn  his  attention  to  farming.  In 
the  fall  of  1853  he  removed  to  Waco,  then  a  vil- 
lage in  McLennan  Co.,  Texas,  and  ever  since  has 
been  constantly  employed  in  agricultural  pursuits. 
His  connections  and  early  predilections  were  INIeth- 
odist,  but "  the  plain,  unmistakable,  and  irresistible 
force  of  God's  holy  truth  compelled  him  to  become 
a  Baptist."  Soon  after  his  baptism,  in  1857,  he 
was  chosen  a  deacon,  clerk  of  the  AVaeo  church, 
and  superintendent  of  the  Suntlay-school,  and  has 
continued  in  these  offices  up  to  this  time.  He  has 
served  as  moderator  of  Trinity  River  Association, 
twice  as  president  of  the  General  Association  of 
Texas,  and  ho  is  now  moderator  of  Waco  Associa- 
tion.    He  was  grand  master  of  the  Grand  Lodge 


of  Masons  ih  Mississippi  when  about  twenty-seven 
years  old.  His  father  named  him  Joseph  Warren 
from  a  twofold  admiration  of  the  distinguished 
general  who  fell  at  Bunker  Hill,  and  who  was  the 


GEN.  JOSEMI    W.\RREN    SPEIGHT. 

first  Masonic  grand  master  in  North  America.  The 
son  has  ever  been  a  prominent  Mason.  At  the 
opening  of  the  civil  war  he  raised  the  loth  Regi- 
ment Te.xas  Infantry,  and  was  appointed  its  C(»lonel, 
serving  with  it  exclusively  in  the  trans-Mississippi 
Department.  He  was  promoted  to  the  command 
of  a  brigade,  and  continued  to  be  its  general  until 
after  the  battles  of  Mansfield  and  Pleasant  Hill, 
La.',  at  the  latter  of  which  he  was  wounded.  His 
health  failing,  he  surrendered  his  brigade  to  Gen. 
Polignac,  and  was  relieved  from  field  duty  till  the 
war  closed.  From  its  origin  he  has  been  president 
of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Waco  University,  and 
perhaps  the  best  service  of  his  life  has  been  in  be- 
half of  that  important  institution,  in  whose  pros- 
perity he  manifests  all  a  father's  love.  Blessed  in 
his  married  life,  prosperous  in  secular  pursuits, 
and  in  the  prime  of  manhood,  the  church  and  the 
world  will,  Providence  favoring,  witness  yet  much 
work  for  man  and  his  Creator. 

Spence,  Rev.  George  Sumner  Goddard,  was 
l)orn  in  Boston,  Dec.  21,  1S19:  fitted  for  college  at 
the  academy  in  New  Hampton,  N.  II.  ;  graduated 
at  Brown  University  in  1839;  and,  after  teaching 
four  years,  went  to  th^  Newton  Theological  Semi- 
nary, where  he  graduated  in  1846.  He  was  or- 
dained as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  AVest 
AVrcntham,  March  31,  1847,  where  he  remained  a 


SPENCER 


1091 


SPRATT 


year  and  a  half,  and  then  became  pastor  of  the 
church  iti  Augusta,  Me.  Such  was  the  state  of  his 
health  that  he  was  obliged  to  give  up  the  ministry 
and  devote  himself  to  business  pursuits.  lie  died 
at  Salem,  Mass.,  Sept.  7,  1863. 

Spencer,  Rev.  David,  A.M.,  youngest  son  of 

Oliarles  W.  and  Mary  SpeiuH-r,  was  born  at  En- 
derby,  Leicestershire,  England,  May  23,  183<J. 
His  parents,  on  coming  to  the  United  States,  set- 
tled in  Gerniantown,  Philadelphia,  where,  in  1852, 
they  became  constituent  memljcrs  of  the  First  Ger- 
niantown church.  Into  the  fellowship  of  this  church 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  baptized  May  1,  1853. 
He  entered  upon  his  studies  at  the  university  at 
Lewisburg,  March,  1857,  and  remained  until  1862  ; 
was  licensed  to  preach  in  1859,  and  was  ordained 
at  Point  Pleasant,  Pa.,  Aug.  6,  1862,  where  he  en- 
tered upon  his  first  pastorate.  He  remained  until 
March  1,  1865,  when  he  IxH'aiue  pastor  of  the  Ilox- 
borough  church,  Philadelphia.  Here  he  continued 
in  abundant  and  fruitful  labors  until  Oct.  15,  1877, 
when  he  accepted  an  appointment  as  district  secre- 
tary of  the  Americati  Baptist  Missionary  Union. 
This  position  he  filled  with  remarkable  ability  and 
untiring  devotion  until  Sept.  1,  1880,  when  he  ac- 
cepted an  urgent  call  to  become  (lastor  of  the  Penn 
Avenue  church,  Scranton,  Pa.,  in  which  field  of 
labor  he  .still  remains.  He  served  the  Philadelphia 
Baptist  Association  for  eleven  years  as  clerk  or  as- 
sociate clerk,  and,  as  a  fitting  testimony  to  the 
value  of  his  services,  his  letter  of  declination  was 
placed  upon  the  minutes  of  that  body  for  1878. 
He  has  also  served  as  secretary  and  president  of  the 
Philadelphia  Conference  of  Baptist  ministers,  and 
has  been  constantly  and  zealously  engaged  in  pro- 
moting the  local  and  general  interests  of  the  de- 
nomination. He  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  in 
1868  from  the  university  at  Lewisburg. 

Mr.  Spencer  is  an  efl'cctive  preacher,  a  faithful 
pastor,  and  a  devout  Christian.  He  is  deeply  in- 
terested in  all  that  pertains  to  the  history  and  growth 
of  the  denomination,  and  in  1877  he  published  an 
interesting  volume  entitled  "The  Early  Baptists 
of  Philadelphia.-' 

Spencer,  E.ev.  James,  was  born  in  Cape  Bre- 
ton; was  baptized,  and  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  at  Sydney,  the  capital  of  that  island ;  or- 
dained pastor  at  Chester,  Nova  Scotia,  May  17, 
1853;  filled  useful  pastorates  in  Nova  Scotia,  at  j 
Lower  (iranvillc,  Digby,  Tusket,  and  Chebogue. 
Mr.  Spencer  is  now  seamen's  chajilain  in  St.  John, 
New  Brunswick. 

Spilsbury,  Rev.  John. — In  1616,  in  London, 
England,  a  Congregational  church  was  formed,  of 
wli-ich  Henry  Jacob  was  the  first  pastor.  His  suc- 
cessor was  John  Lathorp,  who  presided  over  the 
church  in  1633.  During  1633  several  persons,  dis- 
satisfied with  the  loose  way  the  church  held  its  dis- 


senting principles,  and  convinced  that  baptism 
should  be  administered  to  all  believers  and  to  no 
babes,  sought  and  obtained  the  authority  of  Mr. 
Lathorp's  community  to  found  a  distinct  church, 
in  accordance  with  their  own  principles.  The 
church  was  constituted  Sept.  12,  1633.  The  Rev. 
John  Spilsbury  was  elected  its  first  pastor.  Wil- 
liam Kiilin  and  others,  in  1638,  came  from  the  old 
Congregational  home  and  united  with  the  Baptist 
church.  This  was  a  Calvinistical  church,  and  by 
some  is  supposed  to  have  been  tlie  first  church  of 
the  Particular  Baptist  order  in  modern  England. 
This  view  lacks  evidence.  Mr.  Spilsbury  attained 
great  eminence  as  a  minister  of  our  denomination, 
and  was  long  the  honored  pastor  of  this  people.  He 
was  alive  in  1()6(). 

Spotts,  Rev.  John,  was  bom  Oct.  8,  1784.  He 
was  of  Gorman  descent,  and  lived  in  Lewisburg, 
Greenbrier  Co.,  "W.  Va.  At  the  age  of  thirty  he 
joined  the  Presbyterians,  and  became  a  zealous 
worker  in  the  church  and  Sunday-school.  It  is  a 
matter  of  record  that  twenty-one  of  the  young  men 
connected  with  his  Sunday-scliool  became  preach- 
ers, and  one  of  them.  Rev.  J.  L.  Shuck,  a  mission- 
ary to  China.  Upon  changing  his  views  on  the 
mode  of  baptism,  he  gave  up  bis  connection  with 
the  influential  and  popular  Presbyterian  church, 
and  became  a  member  of  the  small  Baptist  church 
in  Lewisburg. 

Not  long  after  this  he  was  licensed  to  preach, 
and  in  1832  was  ordained,  and  appointed  to  travel 
as  a  missionary. 

Mr.  Spotts  was  distinguished  for  his  ardent  love 
of  Christian  people,  and  for  earnest  piety  and  zeal 
in  his  work.  Though  called  home  in  the  very 
strength  of  his  manhood,  being  but  forty-four  years 
of  age,  yet  he  did  a  grand  and  glorious  work,  and 
many  will  rise  up  in  the  last  day  and  bless  God 
that  he  lived.  He  was  cheerful  in  his  work,  and 
when  the  summons  came  he  met  it  with  exclama- 
tions of  triumph.     "  Blessed  are  the  dead." 

Spratt,  George  M.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Quebec, 
Canada,  April  7,  1813;  was  converted  when  seven 
years  old;  entered  upon  his  studies  at  Hamilton, 
N.  Y.,  in  1830,  having  walked  all  the  distance 
from  his  home  in  Pennsylvania ;  was  afterwards 
ordained  as  a  missionary  in  Central  Pennsylvania. 
During  his  labors  he  organized  tiiree  churches, 
built  three  meeting-houses,  and  baptized  many 
converts.  He  subsequently  became  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Towanda,  Pa.,  where  he  remained  four 
years;  was  also  pastor  of  the  churches  at  Elmira 
and  Fairport,  N.  Y. ;  received  the  degree  of  D.D., 
in  1860.  from  the  university  at  Lewisburg.  In  the 
establishment  and  growth  of  this  institution  he  con- 
tributed a  large  measure  of  efficient  service.  In 
1851  he  was  nmde  corresponding  secretary  and 
financial  agent  of  the  Pennsylvania  Baptist  Educa- 


SPRATT 


1092 


SPCROEON 


tion  Society.  This  position  he  still  holds,  and  to 
the  work  of  ministerial  education  he  has  given  the 
best  years  and  energies  of  his  life.  His  name  and 
his  praise  are  in  all  the  churches.     He  has  labored 


GEORGE    M.    SPItATT,    D.D. 


long  and  well,  but  liis  eye  is  not  yet  diminod  nor 
his  natural  force  abated.  He  is  an  instructive  ami 
earnest  preacher,  and  carries  forward  iiis  work  witli 
intense  devotion  and  efficiency.  Ilis  daughter,  Miss 
Harriet  E.  Spratt,  was  for  several  years  before  her 
death  the  principal  of  the  University  Female  Insti- 
tute at  Lewisburg,  Pa. 

Spratt,  Geo.  S.,  M.D.,  was  born  in  Winchester, 
England,  July  8,  1787.  Jan.  II,  1811,  he  married 
Miss  Elizabeth  Main,  ^ind  three  days  after  set  sail 
as  a  medical  missionary  f)r  tiie  East  Indi<es.  Prov- 
idence, however,  guided  hin\  to  Quebec,  Canada, 
where  he  labored  as  pastor  of  an  "  Independent" 
church.  Removing  to  Philadelphia,  he  became 
thoroughly  convinced  of  the  truth  of  Baptist  sen- 
timents, and  received  not  only  Scrip.tural  baptism, 
but  also  ordination,  the  brethren  of  that  day  being 
unwilling  to  recognize  the  orthodoxy  of  an  alien 
administration  of  either  baptism  or  the  official  act 
of  consecration  to  the  functions  of  the  gospel  min- 
istry. His  first  pastorate  in  his  new  connection 
was  over  the  recently-formed  church  in  Bridgeton, 
N.  J.  Subsequent  labors  were  given  to  thecluirches 
ofShamokin  and  vicinity.  The  church  of  Coving- 
ton, Tioga  Co..  was  formed  through  his  labors  ;  Al- 
legliany  and  Mead  Corners,  churches  in  the  north- 
western portion  of  the  State,  shared  in  his  pastoral 
eflForts.     The  hist  church  lie  served  as  pastor  was 


the  Great  Valley,  in  Chester  County.  After  closing 
his  labors  here,  the  growing  infirmities  of  years 
precluded  any  change,  but  he  supplied  occasionally 
the  Valley  Forge  church,  until  his   sudden   death, 


GEORCTE    S.  SPR.\TT,   M.D. 

Jan.  28,  1863,  in  the  seventy-sixth  year  of  his  age 
and  the  fifty-third  of  an  acceptable  ministry.  "  A 
sinner  saved  by  grace"  was  the  memorial  he  or- 
dered in  his  will  to  he  engraved  on  his  tombstone. 
A  son,  the  corresponding  secretary  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Baptist  Education  Society,  and  a  grandson, 
John  Spratt  AVeightnour,  pastor  in  Pittsburgh, 
Pa.,  are  in  the  active  service  of  the  ministry. 

Spurden,  Charles,  D.D.,  was  born  May  25, 
1812,  near  London.  England,  where  he  was  con- 
verted in  1832;  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Edward 
Steane,  D.D.,  of  Camberwell :  studied  four  years 
at  the  Baptist  College.  Bristol,  under  the  presidency 
of  Dr.  Crisp;  ordained  in  1841  pastor  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  of  Hereford  :  became  principal  of  the 
Baptist  Seminary,  Fredericton,  Xew  Brunswick,  in 
1843,  and  continued  ably  to  discharge  the  duties 
ofjiis  office  till  his  resignation  in  18G7.  Eminently 
gentlemanly  and  Christian,  sound  in  theology, 
earnest  and  clear  as  a  teacher  and  preacher,  Dr. 
Spurden's  work  and  ministry  in  New  Brunswick 
proved  a  blessing  to  the  denomination  and  the 
public. 

Spurgeon,  Rev.  Charles  Haddon,  the  most 
widely-known  preacher  of  the  age.  was  born  ut 
Kelvedon,  County  of  Essex,  England,  June  19, 
1834.  At  an  early  age  he  was  removed  to  his 
grandfather's  house  at  Stambourne,  in  the  same 


SPURGEON 


1093 


SPURGEON 


county,  and  remained  there  several  years.  Ilis 
grandfather,  who  was  the  pastor  of  the  Independent 
church  of  that  place,  and  a  man  of  considerable 
note  for  his  lon''-continued  and  useful  labors,  was 


REV.  ClIAKLES    llAODON    Sl'LRGEOX. 

soon  impressed  with  the  child's  thoughtfulness  and 
keen  moral  perceptions.  Jlost  of  the  pious  people 
who  were  acquainted  with  the  family  seem  to  have 
anticipated  a  remarkable  career  for  him,  and  the 
well-known  Rev.  llichard  Knill,  when  visiting  at 
Stambourne  in  1844,  was  so  struck  with  the  boy's 
ability  and  character  that  ho  declared  to  the  as- 
sembled family  liis  '"  solemn  presentiment  that  this 
child  will  preach  the  gospel  to  thousands,  and  God 
will  bless  him  to  many  souls."  Having  received  a 
liberal  education  at  a  private  academy  at  Colches- 
ter, he  engaged  himself  in  his  fifteenth  j-ear  as 
assistant  in  a  school  at  Newmarket  conducted  by  a 
member  of  the  Baptist  denomination.  This  en- 
gagement led  to  his  first  associating  himself  with 
Baptists,  his  family  and  friends  being  all  Inde- 
pendents. At  this  time,  however,  he  had  not  found 
peace  in  Christ,  although  deeply  convinced  of  sin. 
About  the  close  of  the  year  1850  his  distress  of 
soul  greatly  increased,  and  he  attended  religious 
services  in  various  places,  seeking  salvation  in  vain, 
until  on  December  15  he  happened  to  go  into  a 
Primitive  Methodist  chapel  in  Colchester,  and  heard 
a  sermon  on  the  te.xt,  "  Look  unto  me,  and  be  ye 
saved."'  From  that  hour  he  rejoiced  in  salvation. 
He  now  felt  it  his  duty  to  make  a  profession  of  his 
faith  in  Christ,  and  to  unite  himself  with  the  Bap- 
tists. Although  this  step  was  not  altogether  pleasing 


to  his  family,  his  father  and  his  grandfather  being 
Pedobaptist  ministers,  they  at  length  yielded  to  his 
wishes,  and  he  was  baptized  May  3,  1851.  A  year 
afterwards  he  removed  to  Cambridge,  still  con- 
tinuing to  teach  as  an  usher,  or  assistant  master. 
Having  joined  the  old  Baptist  church  in  St.  An- 
drew's Street,  of  which  Robert  Hall  and  Robert 
Robinson  had  been  pastors,  he  soon  found  a  con- 
genial sphere  of  work  in  connection  with  '"Tlie 
Lay-Preachers'  Association."  He  became  a  wel- 
come visitor  at  the  thirteen  village  stations  sup- 
plied by  this  body,  and  in  1852  he  was  invited 
by  the  little  church  at  AVaterbeach  to  assume  the 
pastoral  charge.  His  family  and  friends  wished 
him  to  enter  a  theological  seminary,  and  steps 
were  taken  to  introduce  him  to  Dr.  Angus,  the 
distinguished  president  of  Regent's  Park  College. 
Through  a  misunderstanding  the  proposed  meet- 
ing did  not  take  place,  and  he  continued  at  Water- 
beach.  His  ministry  there  was  so  eminently  suc- 
cessful that  in  the  autumn  of  1853  the  deacons 
of  the  ancient  church  in  Southwark,  London,  the 
chui'ch  of  Benjamin  Keach,  Dr.  Gill,  and  Dr.  Rip- 
pon,  were  led  to  invite  him  to  supply  the  pulpit. 
For  some  time  the  congregation  there  had  been 
dwindling  away,  and  at  his  first  service  there  were 
only  200  attendants  in  a  building  capable  of  hold- 
ing 1200.  The  result  of  the  first  sermon  was  a 
great  increase  in  the  evening  attendance,  and  an 
invitation  to  come  again  as  soon  as  possible.  After 
three  more  Sundays  he  was  asked  to  supply  for  six 
months  with  a  view  to  a  permanent  settlement  as 
pastor.  He  agreed  to  come  for  three  months.  Be- 
fore the  three  months  had  passed  away  the  small 
minority  who  had  opposed  the  motion  to  call  him 
to  the  pastorate  were  absorbed  into  the  majority, 
and  on  April  28,  1854,  he  accepted  their  cordial  and 
unanimous  call.  His  metropolitan  ministry  was  a 
grand  success  from  the  start.  All  London  was  soon 
talking  of  the  youthful  Whitefield  who  had  been  dis- 
covered in  a  Cambridgeshire  village.  From  Lon- 
don his  fiime  spread  throughout  the  land.  'Within  a 
year  the  church  edifice  had  to  be  enlarged.  During 
the  alterations  Exeter  Hall  was  hired,  and  over- 
flowing congregations  in  that  spacious  and  central 
place  attracted  towards  him  the  attention  and  crit- 
icism of  the  press.  His  "  Exeter  Hall  Sermons" 
were  published  and  had  an  extensive  sale.  Invita- 
tions to  preach  flowed  in  upon  him  from  all  quar- 
ters, to  which  he  readily  responded.  In  ]85(),  the 
enlarged  chapel  having  proved  utterly  inadequate 
to  accommodate  the  crowds  who  flocked  to  hear 
him,  he  commenced  preaching  in  the  Music  Hall 
of  the  Surrey  Gardens,  an  immense  building,  which, 
although  capable  of  seating  7000,  was  always 
densely  crowded.  Here  notable  persons  of  all 
sorts  were  frequently  seen  curiously  studying  this 
pulpit   phenomenon.      But,   of  course,   the   Music 


SPURGE ON 


1095 


STANDARD 


Hall  could  not  be  the  home  of  a  cluircli,  and  in 
August,  1859,  the  foundation-stone  of  the  Metro- 
politan Tabernacle  was  laid.  The  structure  was 
completed  in  March,  18G1,  and  at  the  conclusion  of 
a  series  of  openinj:;  services  the  entire  cost,  jC.'5 1,000 
($150,000),  was  contributed.  Subscipientiniprovc- 
inents  haveenlarjred  the  acconunodatioiis,  and  there 
are  now  seats  for  550Q  persons,  and  standing-room 
for  1000  more.  It  is  well  known  that  the  confire- 
gations  always  fill  the  place  on  Sundays  when  Mr. 
.Spurgeon  preaches.  AVhen  the  church  took  pos- 
session of  the  Talternacic  there  were  1  178  members 
on  the  roll  ;  there  are  now  upwards  of  5500.  Mr. 
Spurgeon's  frequent  attacks  of  illness,  and  the 
great  increase  of  the  membership,  led  the  church, 
in  1868,  to  ap()oint  liis  brother,  the  Rev.  James 
Archer  Spui-geon,  as  co-pastor,  and  this  fellowship 
in  service  is  still  harmoniously  and  prosperously 
maintained.  Besides  his  jiulpit  labors,  Mr.  Spur- 
geon's pen  is  ever  busy.  His  contributions  to  the 
press  and  to  theological  literature  rank  him  with 
the  most  eminent  masters  of  style,  and  are  scarcely 
less  effective  than  his  preaching.  He  is  also  among 
the  most  active  leaders  in  philanthropic  work,  and 
|>rincely  in  his  gifts.  An  orphanage  for  boys  was 
commenced  in  18<')7,  and  one  for  girls  in  1880,  at 
Stockwell,  London.  In  these  buildings  500  or  600 
fatherless  children  are  received,  being  admitted 
between  the  ages  of  six  and  ten  years,  and  remain- 
ing until  they  are  fourteen.  The  most  needy  appli- 
cants are  generally  preferred  by  the  trustees,  with- 
out regard  to  sectarian  distinctions.  Mr.  Spurgeon's 
remarkable  faculty  of  administration  has  made  the 
Stockwell  Orphanage  famous  among  works  of  be- 
nevolence. Early  in  liis  ministry  he  commenced 
at  his  own  charge  the  cnterpri.se  which  has  devel- 
oped into  the  Pastors'  College,  from  which  institu- 
tion some  hundreds  of  students  have  gone  forth  as 
preachers  and  missionaries.  In  1865  he  started  a 
monthly  magazine,  the  Sword  and  Trowel,  pur- 
posing to  make  it  the  foster-parent  of  the  college 
and  orphanage,  and  the  project  has  proved  every 
way  successful.  A  Colportage  Association  and 
Mrs.  Spurgeon's  Book  Fund  to  provide  free  gifts 
of  books  for  poor  pastors,  are  valuable  adjuncts  to 
the  colossal  work  of  which  the  Tabernacle  is  the 
centre.  Week  by  week  for  upwards  of  twenty-five 
years  a  sermon  by  Mr.  Spurgeon  has  been  pub- 
lished, and  not  a  few  of  them  have  had  a  remark- 
ably large  sale.  They  have  been  translated  into 
several  languages,  and  their  entire  circulation  is 
probably  unparalleled.  Mr.  Spurgeon  has  two 
sons,  twins.  Both  are  preachers,  and  one  is  pastor 
of  a  Baptist  church  at  Greenwich,  near  London. 

Spurgeon,  James  Archer,  co-pastor   of  the 

Metropolitan  Tabernacle,  London,  and  only  brother 
of  the  senior  pastor,  studied  at  Regent's  Park  Col- 
lege, and  began  his  regular  ministry  at  Southamp- 


ton in  1859.  Subsequently  he  became  pastor  of  a 
church  at  Croydon,  near  London,  at  the  same  time 
assisting  in  tuttorial  work  at  the  Pastors'  College. 
In  1868  he  was  invited  to  his  present  position,  in 
which  he  has  won  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  the 
denomination. 

Stackelford,  Josephus,   D.D.,  was   born   in 

Portsmouth,  Va.,  Feb.  6,  1830  ;  baptized  by  Rev. 
Martin  Ball,  in  Mississippi,  in  1849;  graduated 
from  Mercer  University  in  1855,  and  ordained  the 
same  year  at  Pontotoc;  after  a  brief  missionary 
work  in  Memphis,  Tenn.,  he  accepted  the  presi- 
dency of  the  Ba]itist  F('m;ilo  College  at  Moulton. 
Ala.,  in  1856,  which  was  flourishing  until  broken 
up  by  the  war.  He  then  entered  the  army  of  the 
Confederate  States  as  captain  of  cavalry,  and  be- 
came chaplain  in  1863.  Retiring  from  the  arn)y  in 
1864,  he  reopened  his  school ;  constantly  had  charge 
of  churches  while  he  was  teaching.  In  1865  he 
commenced  in  Moulton  tb<'  publication  of  the 
Christ  in  a  Herald,  then  the  only  Baptist  paper  in 
the  State.  It  was  published  for  some  time  in  Tus- 
cumbia,  and  then  in  Nashville,  until  purchased  by 
the  proprietors  of  the  Chrintinn  Index.  He  was 
pastor  in  Tuscumbia  for  quite  a  number  of  years. 
In  1876  he  removed  to  Forest  City,  Ark.,  as  pastor, 
and  was  president  of  the  Baptist  College  in  that 
place.  Returned  to  Alabama  in  1879,  and  took 
charge  of  the  high  school  at  Trinity,  where  he  still 
presides,  having  charge  of  several  churches.  The 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  on  him 
by  the  Alabama  Agricultural  College  in  1872.  Dr. 
Stackelford  stood  for  many  years  as  our  most  dis- 
tinguished minister  in  North  Alabama. 

Stalling'S,  Rev.  J.  N. — The  son  of  a  useful 
Baptist  minister,  Mr.  Stallings  was  converted  at 
the  University  of  North  Carolina;  read  and  prac- 
tised law  for  several  years  before  he  began  to 
preach,  and  has  combined  in  himself  several  differ- 
ent pursuits  at  the  same  time.  Just  now  he  is 
pastor,  teacher,  and  editor :  for  many  years  he  was 
pastor,  attorney,  and  editor,  and  has  been  in  poli- 
tics somewhat,  having  represented  his  county,  Dup- 
lin, in  the  State  convention  of  1875.  He  is  prin- 
cipal of  the  Warsaw  High  School  and  a  very  useful 
man. 

Standard,  The. — In  the  year  185.3  the  subscrip- 
tion li>t  of  the  Watchman  of  the  J'rairies,  pub- 
lished at  Chicago,  was  juirchased  from  Rev.  Luther 
Stone  by  Rev.  J.  C.  Burroughs,  then  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Chicago.  The  new  paper. 
The  Christian  Times,  was  for  some  months  con- 
ducted by  Mr.  Burroughs,  in  association  with  Rev. 
H.  G.  Weston,  of  Peoria,  and  Rev.  A.  J.  Joslyn. 
of  Elgin.  In  November,  1853,  Rev.  Leroy  Church 
and  Rev.  J.  A.  Smith  became  joint  proprietors  and 
editors  of  the  paper,  the  proprietary  interest  of  the 
latter,  however,  being  soon    transferred  to  Rev.  J. 


STANFORD 


1096 


STAUGHTON 


F.  Child,  who  was  succeeded  in  tiie  proprietor- 
ship by  Edward  Goodman.  By  Messrs.  Church  & 
Goodman  the  paper  continued  to  he  published  until 
Jan.  1,  1875,  when  the  interest  of  Mr.  Church  was 
purchased  by  Dr.  J.  S.  Bickerson,  of  Boston,  who 
removed  to  Chicago  and  became  connected  with  the 
paper  as  joint  editor  and.  joint  proprietor.  Upon 
his  death,  in  March,  1876,  his  proprietary  interest 
passed  to  his  widow,  Mrs.  Emma  II.  Dickerson. 
His  eldest  son,  J.  Spencer  Dickerson,  has  since  be- 
come also  a  member  of  the  firm,  wliicii  is  now 
known  as  Goodman  &  Dickerson. 

During  the  twenty-seven  years  of  its  history  the 
paper  has  consolidated  with  itself  The  Illinois  Bap- 
tist, published  for  several  years  at  Bloom ington, 
111.,  by  Dr.  II.  J.  Eddy  ;  The  Witness,  at  Indian- 
apolis, by  Rev.  M.  G.  Clarke, — at  which  time  its 
name  was  changed  to  The  Christian  Times  and 
Witness, — and  The  Michigan  Christian  Herald,  of 
Detroit.  At  the  time  of  the  last-nsKiied  consolida- 
tion the  name  was  changed  to  The  Standard,  the 
name  by  which  it  is  now  known. 

The  Standard  is  the  denominational  organ  for 
Illir)ois,  Indiana,  Michigan,  Wisconsin,  Minnesota, 
Iowa,  Kansas,  Nebraska,  Colorado,  Dakota,  and 
Wyoming,  with  a  circulation,  also,  in  all  the  States 
and  Territories  of  the  Union  ;  its  circulation,  in 
fact,  having  beconiG  strictly  national.  It  now  ranks 
second  in  the  number  of  its  subscribers  and  read- 
ers in  the  list  of  American  Baptist  journals.  Rev. 
J.  A.  Smith,  D.D.,  has  Been  connected  with  the 
paper  since  1853  either  as  associate  editor  or  editor- 
in-chief,  in  which  latter  capacity  he  still  serves. 

Stanford,  John,  D.D.,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1754, 
in  Wandsworth,  Surrey,  England.  In  early  life 
the  Saviour  found  him,  and  revealed  himself  to 
him.  He  united  with  the  Baptist  church  in  Maze- 
Pond,  London.  He  was  ordained,  and  served  the 
church  at  Hammersmith  for  a  few  years  as  pastor. 
In  1786  he  arrived  in  Norfolk,  Va.,  but  soon  after 
sailed  for  New  York  ;  there  he  opened  a  seminary, 
and  he  received  the  patronage  of  many  respect- 
able families.  He  preached  for  the  Rev.  John  Gano 
and  others  with  such  power  that  his  time  on  Lord's 
days  was  continually  occupied  in  that  blessed  work. 
For  one  year  he  was  pastor  of  the  First  church  of 
Providence,  R.  I.,  to  their  great  satisfaction.  He, 
however,  felt  a  peculiar  call  to  preach  for  nothing, 
and  to  teach  for  a  living.  He  returned  to  New  York, 
and  carried  out  his  plan  for  thirty-six  years. 

In  1813  he  was  appointed  chaplain  of  the  alms- 
house and  city  hospital  and  of  the  State  prison  ; 
along  with  these  institutions  he  regularly  ministered 
at'  the  orphan  asylum,  the  penitentiary,  lunatic 
asylum,  debtors'  prison,  and  the  house  of  refuge. 
Several  of  the  benevolent  institutions  of  New 
York  were  largely  indebted  to  him  for  their  exist- 
ence.    His  influence  was  so  great   that  the  city 


authorities'and  the  citizens  generally  were  prompt 
in  carrying  out  his  plans.  He  was  justly  regarded 
as  '•  one  of  the  most  practical  and  distinguished 
philanthropists  of  modern  times."'  He  died  Jan. 
14,  1834.  In  1830  Union  College,  Schenectady, 
conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Di- 
vinity. 

Stapp,  Hon.  Milton,  was  born  in  Scott  Co., 
Ky.,  in  1793.  He  .studied  and  practised  law;  was 
for  a  number  of  years  a  member  of  the  Indiana 
Legislature,  and  was  Speaker  of  the  house,  first  at* 
Corydon  and  afterwards  at  Indianapolis.  He  was 
regarded  as  th^  leader  of  the  internal  improvement 
system  of  the  State.  lie  was  for  four  years  lieu- 
tenant-governor, and  was  the  first  fund  commis- 
sioner. He  was  for  several  years  internal  revenue 
collector  at  Galveston,  Texas.  He  was  for  a  num- 
ber of  years  mayor  of  Madison,  Ind.,  his  home. 
He  became  a  member  of  the  Madison  Baptist 
church  in  1844,  and  was  an  active  Christian.  He 
was  for  six  consecutive  years  president  of  the  In- 
diana Baptist  State  Convention,  and  was  president 
•  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Franklin  College  daring 
several  difiFerent  years.  He  was  sanguine,  and 
scarcely  ever  failed  in  accomplishing  what  he  un- 
dertook. "  He  did  more  for  his  citj'  and  county 
than  any  other  man  who  ever  lived  in  it." 

He  died  in  Galveston,  Texas,  in  1870,  in  his  sev- 
enty-seventh year,jind  his  remains  were  brought 
to  his  old  home  for  burial. 

Starkville  Female  Institute,  located  at  Stark- 

ville.  Miss.,  was  founded  by  Rev.  T.  G.  Sellers,  who 
is  principal. 

Staughton,  Wm.,  D.D.,  one  of  the  first  of 
American  preachers  and  educators,  was  born  at 
Coventry,  England,.  Jan.  4,  1770.  At  the  age  of 
twelve  he  wrote  poems  from  Goldsmith's  ''  Ani- 
mated Nature,"  which  were  published,  and  thought 
ttf  indicate  great  native  talent.  Having  been  bap- 
tized at  the  age  of  seventeen  by  Rev.  Samuel 
Pearce,  of  Birmingham,  he  turned  his  attention 
to  the  ministry,  and  took  a  thorough  course  of 
study  at  Bristol  College,  graduating  about  the  year 
1792.  At  this  time  he  was  called  to  succeed 
Dr.  Ryland  at  Northampton,  but  feeling  drawn 
towards  America,  he  left  England  in  1793,  and  be- 
came pastor  at  Georgetown,  S.  C,  where  he  re- 
m^ained  eighteen  months.  Becoming  dissatisfied 
with  the  Southern  climate  he  went  North,  and  be- 
came pastor  of  the  church  and  principal  of  the 
seminary  at  Bordentown,  N.  J.  This  was  followed 
by  pastorates  at  Jacobstown  and  Burlington.  N.  J., 
at  which  latter  place  he  remained  until  1805,  when 
he  became  pastor  of  the  First  church,  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  a  position  which  he  retained  until  1811,  when 
he  resigned  to  accept  the  pastorate  of  a  colony  from 
the  First  church,  called  the  Sansom  Street  church. 
In  this  latter  position  he  remained  with  wonderful 


d 


STEARNS 


1097 


STEARNS 


success  until  1823,  when  he  removed  to  AViisliinij- 
ton  to  assume  the  presidency  of  Coluniliian  College, 
to  which  he  had  been  elected  in  1S21.  Here  he 
continued  until  April  3,  1829,  when  he  resif^ned 
ills  connection  witli  the  college,  and  returned  to 
Philadelphia.  In  August  of  the  same  year  lie  was 
elected  president  of  Georgetown  College,  Ky.,  and 
in  October  started  for  this  new  field  of  labor.  At 
Washington,  D.  C,  he  was  taken  sick,  and  died 
Dec.  12,  1829,  in  the  sixtieth  year  of  his  age. 

Dr.  Staugliton  was  a  man  of  won(l<>rful  elo- 
quence. During  his  long  ministry  in  I'liiladclfiliia 
he  was  recognized  as  the  leader  of  his  profession, 
and  invariably  preached  to  crowded  houses.  He 
was  profoundly  interested  in  education.  Before 
coming  to  Pliiladcl{)hia  he  was  constantly  engaged 
in  teaching,  and  while  in  Philadelphia  was  princi- 
pal of  a  Baptist  theological  institution  for  the  train- 
ing of  ministers.  It  was  his  custom  also  to  deliver 
lectures  in  select  schools  on  various  subjects,  par- 
ticularly the  subject  of  botany,  in  which  he  was  an 
ade[)t.  He  was  the  first  corresponding  secretary 
of  the  American  Baptist  Board  of  Foreign  3Iis- 
sions,  and  through  his  whole  life  gave  much  time 
and  toil  to  the  missionary  cause.  lie  was  also  the 
father  of  the  Philadelphia  Bible  Society,  the  first 
female  Bible  society  in  the  world.  In  all  this 
varied  work  he  exhibited  a  zeal  and  industry 
which  made  him  the  admiration  of  his  time.  Tra- 
ditions of  his  eloquence  and  power  still  linger  about 
the  scenes  of  his  active  life,  and  keep  alive  the 
memory  of  his  name.     (See  portrait  in  Appendix.) 

At  the  early  age  of  twenty-eight  he  received  the 
degree  of  D.D.  from  Princeton  College.  He  was 
twice  married.  His  first  wife,  Maria  Hanson,  died 
in  January,  1823,  and  his  second  wife,  Anna  C. 
Peale,  who  survived  him,  in  1878.  A  memoir  of 
Dr.  Staughton  was  published  by  his  son-in-law, 
Rev.  S.  W.  Lynd,  D.D..  in  1834. 

Stearns,  Rev.  Harrison  William,  was  bom 

in  Conway.  Mass.,  in  October,  184S-,  educated  at 
Brown  University,  from  which  he  graduated  in 
18C7,  and  at  Newton  Theological  Seminary,  from 
which  he  graduated  in  1870,  and  was  ordained  the 
same  year.  He  was  settled  as  pastor  at  Minneaj)- 
olis,  Minn.,  two  years,  and  at  Clinton,  Wis.,  six 
years.  He  has  been  the  pioneer  church  and  Sun- 
day-school missionary  of  the  Wisconsin  Baptist 
State  Convention  two  years,  and  holds  the  jjosition 
now.  He  has  planted  a  number  of  churches  and 
organized  Sunday-s(;hools  in  the  new  settlements 
in  the  northern  portion  of  the  State.  He  is  giving 
his  best  sti-ength'to  the  mission  work  of  the  State. 
His  ideal  of  a  new  church,  founded  according  to 
the  New  Testament  model,  is  lofty  and  grand.  He 
delights  in  this  foundation  work,  and  he  is  pre- 
eminently fitted  for  it.  He  is  a  safe,  devoted,  and 
consecrated  servant  of  Jesus  Christ. 
70 


Stearns,  Prof.  John  William,  son  of  llev.  0. 

0.  Stearns,  of  Lodi,  \\  is.,  is  a  native  of  Sturbridge, 
Mass.,  where  he  was  born  in  1840.  In  1852  his 
father  removed  with  his  family  to  Racine,  Wis., 
and  assumed  the  pastorate  of  the  Bajitist  church 
in  that  place.  Here  young  Stearns  was  fitted  for 
college  at  the  Racine  High  School.  In  1854  he 
entered  the  Freshman  class  at  Harvard  University, 
Mass.,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1800. 
In  1865  he  received  the  appointment  of  Professor 
of  Latin  in  the  University  of  Chicago.  In  1874, 
having  been  tendered  the  position  of  director  of 
the  National  Normal  School  at  Tucuman,  in  the 
Argentine  Republic,  ho  resigned  his  professorship 
in  the  University  of  Chicago  to  accept  one  in  the 
National  Normal  School  in  the  Argentine  Republic. 
Returning  in  1878,  after  having  spent  some  months 
ill  Europe,  he  was  elected,  in  August  of  the  same 
year,  president  of  the  State  Normal  College  at 
Whitewater,  AV'is.,  the  oldest  and  most  important 
of  her  four  normal  colleges. 

Prof.  Stearns  published  in  the  North  American 
7?ey/e«r  for  July,  1800,  "Homer  and  his  Heroines;" 
in  the  Chrlsliaii  Rm'eio  for  18G4,  "The  Miltonic 
Deity  ;'"  and  in  the  Baptist  Quarterly,  "  The  Em- 
peror Marcus  Aurelius." 

Prof.  Stearns  is  a  fine  specimen  of  thorough 
scholarship  and  noble  character.  Ilis  rise  to  emi- 
nence is  the  result  of  hard  study  in  his  early  youth, 
laying  a  thorough  foundation  for  the  future  struc- 
ture, and  subsequent  intense  study  and  application. 
He  is  aesthetic  in  his  tastes,  refined  in  his  ideas, 
and  profoundly  consecrated  to  his  profession.  At 
the  age  of  forty  years  he  has  succeeded  in  taking  a 
place  in  the  front  rank  of  American  educators. 

Stearns,  Rev.  Myron  N.,  was  an  earnest,  able, 
and  evangelical  mis.sionarv,  pastor,  and  preacher 
in  Oregon.  He  was  born  at  Monkton,  Vt.,  .Jan.  I, 
1812,  and  was  baptized  at  the  age  of  seventeen  in 
Essex,  N.  Y.  Having  a  great  desire  to  preach  the 
gospel,  he  obtained  a  good  education  at  Brown 
University  and  at  Denison,  0.  He  served  for 
some  years  successively  the  churches  at  London- 
ville.  0.,  Jericho,  Vt.,  and  Plattslmrg,  N.  Y.  In 
1854  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Table  Rock  church, 
Oregon,  where  he  was  pastor  four  years.  In  1858 
he  accepted  the  position  of  principal  of  the  Rose- 
burg  Academy.  Two  years  later  he  settled  upon 
a  farm  in  order  to  support  his  family,  preaching 
nearly  every  Lord's  day  to  tiie  poor  in  the  desti- 
tute regions  of  tlie  State.  In  1864  he  settled  at 
Oregon  City,  and  gave  himself  wholly  to  the  work 
of  a  missionary  evangelist  until,  in  1867,  he  re- 
moved to  Santa  Clara,  Cal.,  and  was  jiastor  of  the 
church  in  that  city  until  his  death,  Dec.  29.  1808. 

Stearns,  Oakman  S.,  D.D.,  a  son  of  Rev.  Silas 
Stearns,  was  Imrn  in  IJatli.  Mc,  in  1818,  and  gradu- 
ated at  Watcrville  College  in  the  class  of  1840,  and 


STEARN'S 


1098 


STEARNS 


at  Newton  in  the  class  of  1846.  He  was  instructor 
in  Hebrew  at  Newton  one  year,  184fi-47.  Ills 
ordination  took  place  May  19,  1847,  and  he  became 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Southbridite,  Mass. 
The  relation  continued  for  seven  years.  For  one 
year  he  was  pastor  in  Newark,  N.  J.,  and  then  be- 
came pastor  of  the  churcii  at  Newton  Centre,  wiiere 
lie  remained  thirteen  years.  In  18G8  he  was  ap- 
pointed Professor  of  Old  Testament  Interpretation, 
which  position  he  now  holds. 

The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred 
on  Dr.  Stearns  in  18G3  by  Colby  University,  of 
which  he  is  a  trustee. 

Prof.  Stearns  has  eminent  qualifications  for  the 
position  he  occupies,  and  enjoys  the  grateful  love 
of  the  students,  to  whom  his  instructions  have 
been  of  priceless  value. 

Stearns,  Rev.  Orrin  Orlando,  is  a  native  of 
Monkton,  Addison  Co.,  Vt.,  where  he  was  ))orn  in 
February,  1810.  His  childhood  was'spent  in  and 
near  the  place  of  his  birth.  He  entered  Brown  Uni- 
versity in  1833,  and  graduated  in  the  class  of  1837. 
Having,  soon  after  his  conversion,  felt  it.  his  duty  to 
preach  the  gospel,  he  devoted  himself  to  the  work 
of  the  Christian  ministry.  Soon  after  graduating 
at  Brown  University  he  received  an  invitation  to 
the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Sturbridge, 
Mass.,  and  was  ordained  by  that  church  Sept.  2S, 
1837.  He  held  pastorates  in  New  England  at 
Stnrbridge,  Mass.,  and  at  Hancock,  Deerfield, 
Milford,  Manchester,  N.  H.,  and  at  Thomaston,  Me. 
In  these  pastorates  his  ministry  was  very  much 
blessed,  the  churches  were  strengthened  and  built 
up  in  doctrine  and  practice,  and  numerous  addi- 
tions were  made  to  tlie  membership.  Mr.  Stearns's 
ministry  in  New  England  was,  however,  several 
times  interrupted  by  ill  health,  requiring  him  to 
abandon  temporarily  the  work  of  preaching.  He 
employed  these  intervals  chiefly  in  teaciiing.  He 
was  principal  of  the  'Hancock  Literary  and  Sci- 
entific Institution  two  years,  and  of  the  Rock- 
ingham Academy  at  Hampton  Falls  two  years. 
While  principal  of  the  Hancock  Academy  he  also 
served  the  Baptist  church  in  llancocli  as  pastor. 
In  1854,  having  received  an  invitation  to  the  pas- 
torate of  the  Baptist  church  in  Racine,  Wis.,  he 
removed  to  that  State.  This  pastorate  continued 
four  years.  In  1858  he  became  the  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Winona,  Minn.  At  the  end  of 
three  years,  owing  to  the  failure  of  his  health,  he 
retired  to  his  farm  near  Lodi,  Dane  Co.,  Wis., 
which  has  since  been  his  home.  His  health  having 
improved,  in  1803  he  became  the  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Lodi,  and  remained  in  that  re- 
lation ten  years,  when  he  retired  from  the  active 
duties  of  the  ministry,  having  devoted  thirty-sis 
years  to  pastoral  work. 

Mr.  Stearns  has  always  taken  a  deep  interest  in 


the  work  of  education.  During  his  pastorate  in 
Racine  he  was  superintendent  of  schools,  and  has 
acted  in  the  same  position  in  Dane  County,  his 
present  place  of  residence.  One  of  his  sons,  Prof. 
J.  W.  Stearns,  is  president  of  the  Normal  College 
at  Whitewater,  Wis.-,  and  another  of  his  sons,  C. 
M.  Stearns,  is  a  professor  in  the  University  of 
Ciiicago. 

He  is  thoroughly  educated,  and  has  made  exten- 
sive acquirements  in  the  knowledge  of  God"s  Word. 
Although  the  full  results  of  his  ministry  cannot  be 
known  here,  enough  fruit  appeared  in  connection 
with  his  work  tp  attest  his  eminent  usefulness  as  a 
faithful  servant  of  God,  destined  to  be  crowned 
with  honor  in  the  day  of  his  Lord's  appearing. 

Stearns,  Shubal,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass., 
Jan.  28,  1706.  He  was  the  son  of  Shubal  Stearns 
and  Rebecca  Larriford.  About  1745,  Mr.  Stearns 
joined  the  New  Lights,  as  the  converted  Congre- 
gational communities  that  originated  from  the  min- 
istry of  George  Whitefield  in  I^'ew  England  were 
designated.  Called  of  God  to  proclaim  the  un- 
searchable of  Christ,  he  speedily  became  a  minister 
among  the  pious  New  Lights,  and  exercised  his 
gifts  among  them  until  1751.  At  this  time,  like 
many  of  his  brethren,  he  was  constrained  by  read- 
ing the  Scriptures  to  accept  believer's  immersion  as 
the  baptism  of  the  New  Testament;  and  after  re- 
ceiving this  conviction,  as  the  Saviour  alone  was 
his  Master,  he  came  out  boldly  as  a" Baptist.  He 
was  immersed  on  a  profession  of  liis  faith,  in  Tol- 
land, Conn.,  by  Rev.  AVait  Palmer,  in  1751,  and  on 
May  20tli  of  that  year  he  was  ordained  to  the 
Baptist  ministry  by  Mr.  Palmer  and  Rev.  Joshua 
Morse. 

Mr.  Stearns  received  an  impression,  as  bethought 
from  God,  that  there  was  a  great  work  for  liim  fo 
do  outside  of  New  England,  and  he  obeyed  what 
was  undoubtedly  a  divine  call,  and  started  in  1754 
for  his  expected  field  of  labor.  He  had  no  definite 
section  to  which  he  directed  his  steps,  but  expecting 
divine  guidance,  he  was  constantly  looking  out  for 
providential  openings.  He  stopped  for  a  time  at 
Opcckon  Creek,  Va.,  where  there  was  a  church 
under  the  pastoral  care  of  Rev.  S.  lleton.  Mr. 
Stearns  rested  for  a  short  time  at  Cacapon,  near 
Winchester,  but  anticipating  greater  success  in  his 
nnnistry  than  he  enjoyed  in  that  place,  he  removed, 
with  his  relatives,  to  Sandy  Creek,  N.  C.  There, 
as  soon  as  he  arrived,  he  constituted  a  Baptist 
church  of  sixteen  persons.  "  Shubal  Stearns  and 
wife,  Peter  Stearns  and  wife.  Ebenezer  Stearns  and 
wife,  Shubal  Stearns.  Jr.,  and  wife,  Daniel  Mar- 
shall and  wife,  Joseph  Breed  and  wife,  Enos  Stiinp- 
son  and  wife,  and  Jonathan  Polk  and  wife"  being 
its  constituent  members.  Shulial  Stearns  was 
elected  jiastor  of  the  infant  church.  These  devoted 
servants  of  God  immediately  built  a  meeting-house 


STEARNS 


1099 


STEARNS 


for  public  worship.  Daniel  Marshull  imd  Joseph 
Breed  were  appointed  to  assist  the  pastor  in  his 
ininisteriiil  duties. 

In  tiie  rei;ion  around  Sandy  Creek  the  pcoplt; 
knew  nothinjr  of  the  (Miristiaii  relijiion  except  what 
they  had  learned  from  Episcopal  clergyni(!n,  who 
in  that  section,  at  tiiat  time,  were  unconverted  men, 
and  their  irreli<;ious  darkness  was  dense.  The  new 
heart  to  them  was  an  unknown  mystery,  and  paltry 
and  commonly  unpractised  duties,  instead  of  the 
Saviour's  suiferings,  were  the  only  known  means 
of  salvation.  The  instructions  of  .Mr.  Stearns  and 
the  godly  lives  of  the  church  members  were  an 
astonishing  revelation  to  their  neighbors.  Soon 
some  of  them  were  called  by  the  Spirit  into  the 
liberty  of  the  gospel,  and  their  experience  filled 
their  acquaintances  with  even  greater  wonder.  A 
mighty  outpouring  of  the  Holy  Spirit  fell  upon  the 
truth  proclainie<i  by  the  pastor  and  the  licensed 
preachers  of  Sandy  Creek  church,  and  as  a  result 
throngs  of  converts  surrounded  the  gospel  banner, 
and  mission  communities  were  organized  far  and 
near.  The  parent  body  in  a  few  years  had  606 
members,  and  in  seventeen  years  from  its  origin  it 
had  branches  sou tii ward  as  far  as  Georgia,  east- 
ward to  the  sea  and  the  Chesapeake  Bay,  and 
■northward  to  the  waters  of  the  Potomac.  It  had 
become  the  mother,  grandmother,  and  great-grand- 
mother of  forty-two  churches,  from  which  1"J5  min- 
isters were  sent  out  as  licentiates  or  ordained  cler- 
gymen. And  in  after-years  the  power  that  God 
gave  Shubal  Stearns  and  his  Sandy  Creek  church 
in  its  early  years  swept  over  Virginia,  North  Car- 
olina, Georgia,  and  South  Carolina  with  resistless 
force,  and  brought  immense  throngs  to  Christ,  and 
•established  multitudes  of  Baptist  churches.  There 
are  to-day  probably  thousands  of  churches  that 
arose  from  the  efforts  of  Shubal  Stearns  and  the 
church  of  Sandy  Creek. 

Mr.  Stearns  traveled  extensively  in  his  own  re- 
gion, preaching  Jesus,  organizing  churches,  and 
giving  counsel  to  the  new  communities  which  were 
formed.  And  his  labors  in  every  department  of 
his  work  were  remarkably  blessed.  Through  him, 
in  1758,  three  years  after  the  Sandy  Creek  church 
was  formed,  the  Sandy  Creek  Association  was  or- 
ganized. For  twelve  years  all  the  Separate  Baptist 
churches  in  Virginia  and  the  Carolinas  were  mem- 
bers of  this  body.  All  who  were  able  traveled 
from  its  remote  extremities  to  attend  its  annual 
meeting-:,  which  were  condncted  with  great  har- 
mony, and  affordeil  such  edification  as  induced  them 
to  undertake  with  cheerfulness  long  and  laborious 
journeys.  By  means  of  these  meetings  the  gospel 
was  carried  into  mnny  new  places  where  the  fame 
of  the  Baptists  had  previously  spread.  As  great 
multitudes  attended  from  distant  places,  chiefly 
through  curiosity,   many   of  them   were   charmed 


with  the  piety  and  zeal  of  this  extraordinary  peo- 
ple, and  petitioned  the  Association  to  send  preach- 
ers into  their  neighborhoods.  In  these  Associational 
meetings  Shubal  Stearns  exerted  an  immensi*  in- 
fluence. Other  men  among  the  Se[)arato  iJaptists 
were  conspicuous  for  their  aiiility  and  usefuhu^ss. 
but  in  the  entire  body  in  the  several  States  Mr. 
Stearns  wielded  a  founder's  anthority.  Elder  James 
Read,  in  speaking  of  the  first  meeting,  says,  "  The 
great  power  of  God  was  among  us.  the  preaching 
every  day  seemed  to  be  attended  with  God's  bless- 
ing. We  can-ied  on  our  Association  with  sweet 
decorum  and  (ellnwship  to  the  end.  Then  wc  took 
leave  of  one  another  with  many  solemn  charges 
from  our  reverend  old  father,  S/nihal  Stearns,  to 
stand  fast  until  the  end."  Tliis  Association  con- 
ducted its  annual  meetings  without  a  moderator 
for  several  years  after  it  was  forme<I,  whicii  shows 
the  extraordinary  modesty  of  Mr.  Stearns  ;  its  har- 
mony, when  we  remember  that  its  members  and 
ministers  were  nearly  all  new  converts  without  ex- 
perience, proclaims  the  great  power  possessed  by 
Mr.  Stearns  in  its  deliberations. 

Tlie  founder  of  Sandy  Creek  church  "  was  of 
small  stature,  had  a  very  expressive  and  penetrating 
eye,  and  a  voice  singularly  harmonious;  his  ene- 
mies, it  is  said,  were  sometimes  captivated  by  his 
musical  voice.  Many  things  are  related  of  the  en- 
chanting sound  of  his  voice,  and  the  glance  of  his 
eyes,  which  had  a  meaning  in  every  movement." 
"  He  managed  his  voice  in  such  a  way  as  to  make 
soft  impressions  upon  the  heart  and  bring  tears 
from  the  eyes,  and  anon  to  shake  the  very  nerves 
and  throw  the  physical  system  into  tumults  and 
perturbations.  All  the  Separate  Baptists  copied 
after  him  in  tones  of  voice  and  actions  of  body." 
■'  When  the  fame  of  the  preaching  of  Mr.  Stearns 
reached  the  Yadkin,  where  I  lived,"  says  Mr.  Tid- 
ance  Lane,  "  I  had  a  curiosity  to  go  and  hear  him. 
Upon  my  arrival  I  saw  a  venerable  old  man  sitting 
under  a  peach-tree  with  a  book  in  his  hand  and  the 
people  gathering  about  him.  He  fixed  his  eyes 
upon  me  immediately,  which  made  me  feel  in  such 
a  manner  as  I  never  had  felt  before.  I  turned  to 
quit  the  place,  but  could  not  proceed  far ;  1  walked 
about,  sometimes  catching  his  eyes  as  I  walked. 
My  uneasiness  increased  and  became  intolerable. 
I  went  up  to  him  thinking  that  a  salutation  and 
shaking  hands  wnuld  relieve  me,  l)ut  it  happened 
otherwise.  I  began  to  think  that  he  had  an  evil 
eye,  and  ought  to  be  shunned,  but  shunning  him  I 
could  no  more  efiect  than  a  bird  can  shun  the  rat- 
tlesnake when  it  fixes  its  eyes  upon  it.  When  he 
began  to  preach  my  perturbations  increased,  so 
that  nature  could  no  longer  support  them,  and  I 
sank  to  the  ground."  Mr.  Lane  afterw:irds  became 
a  very  useful  Baptist  minister. 

It  is  related  on  the  best  authority  that  "  Elnn- 


STEARNS 


1100 


STEELE 


tluin  Davis  had  heard  that  one  John  Steward  was 
to  be  baptized  by  Mr.  Stearns  on  a  particular  da}', 
and,  as  Steward  was  a  large  man  and  Stearns  of 
small  stature,  he  concluded  tl^at  there  would  be 
some  diversion,  if  not  drowning.  Therefore  he 
gathered  about  eight  or  ten  of  his  companions  in 
.wickedness  and  went  to  the  spot.  When  Mr. 
Stearns  began  to  preach  EInathan  drew  near  to 
hear  him,  while  his  companions  kept  at  a  distance. 
He  was  no  sooner  among  the  crowd  than  he  per- 
ceived that  some  of  the  people  began  to  tremble  as 
if  in  a  fit  of  the  ague.  He  felt  and  examined,  to 
see  if  it  was  not  a  pretense.  Meanwhile  one  man 
leaned  on  his  shoulder,  weeping  bitterly.  EIna- 
than, perceiving  that  he  had  wet  his  new  white 
coat,  pushed  him  off,  and  ran  to  his  companions, 
who  were  sitting  on  a  log  away  from  the  congre- 
gation, to  one  of  whom,  in  answer  to  his  inquiry, 
he  said,  'There  is  a  trembling  and  crying  spirit 
among  them,  but  whether  it  be  the 'Spirit  of  God 
or  the  devil,  I  do  not  know.  If  it  be  the  devil,  the 
devil  go  with  them,  for  I  will  never  more  venture 
myself  among  them !'  He  stood  awhile  in  that 
resolution,  but  the  en<;h;intnient  of  Mr.  Stearns's 
voice  drew  him  to  the  crowd  once  more.  He  had 
not  been  long  there  before  the  trembling  seized 
him  also.  He  attempted  to  withdraw,  but  his 
strength  failing,  and  bis  understanding  being  con- 
founded, he,  with  many  others,  sank  to  the  ground. 
When  he  came  to  himself  he  found  nothing  in  him 
but  dread  and  anxiety,  bordering  on  horror.  He 
continued  in  this  situation  some  days,  and  then 
found  relief  by  faith  in  Christ."  Mr.  Davis  after- 
wards became  a  successful  minister  of  Jesus.  We 
mention  these  two  well-known  cases  as  illustrations 
of  the  extraordinary  power  attending  the  preaching 
of  Shubal  Stearns. 

That  he  had  a  remarkable  voice  and  eye  is  un- 
questionable;  but  he  was  eloquent,  wise,  humble, 
pathetic,  full  of  faith,  and  wholly  consecrated  to 
God,  and  few  men  ever  enjoyed  more  of  the 
Spirit's  presence  in  the  closec  and  in  preaching  the 
gospel.  He  was  undoubtedly  one  of  the  greatest 
ministers  that  ever  presented  Jesus  to  perishing 
multitudes,  and  one  of  the  most  successful  soul- 
winners  that  ever  unfurled  the  banner  of  Calvai-y. 
Had  he  been  a  Romish  priest,  with  as  flattering  a 
record  of  service  to  the  church  of  the  popes,  long 
since  he  would  have  been  canonized,  and  declared 
the  "  ])atron  saint"  of  North  Carolina,  and  fervent 
supplications  would  have  ascended  to  the  most 
blessed  of  American  intercessors  from  devout  Cath- 
olics, and  stately  churches  would  have  been  dedi- 
cated to  the  holy  and  blessed  St.  Shubal  Stearns, 
the  apostle  of  North  Carolina  and  the  adjacent 
States. 

Mr.  Stearns  died  Nov.  20,  1771.  and  his  remains 
were  interred  near  the  Sandy  Creek  church. 


Stearns,  Rev.  Silas,  was  born  in  Waltham, 
Mass.,  July  26,  1784.  In  the  year  1804  he  was 
baptized  by  Rev.  Dr.  Stillman,  of  Boston,  and, 
impelled  by  the  warmth  of  his  newly-found  love 
for  the  Saviour,  he  longed  to  preach  the  gospel 
and  win  souls  to  Christ.  He  spared  no  pains  in 
faithful  preparation  for  the  ministry,  devoting 
such  spare  time  as  he  could  secure  for  several 
years  to  earnest  study,  until,  in  the  judgment  of 
his,  friends,  he  was  deemed  to  have  made  sufHcient 
progress  to  justify  his  receiving  a  regular  license 
from  the  church  in  North  Yarmouth,  Me.,  to  do 
the  work  of  an  evangelist.  Having  done  good  ser- 
vice for  his  Master  in  Freeport,  Me.,  he  removed  to 
Bath,  then  a  pleasant  town  on  tiie  Kennebec  River, 
and  there  gathered  a  small  Baptist  church,  which 
was  recognized  Oct.  30,  1810.  For  over  thirty  years 
he  preached  to  the  church  in  Bath,  and  was  hon- 
ored and  loved  for  his  great  sincerity  and  un- 
wearied devotion  to  his  work.  It  can  with  truth 
be  said  of  him,  he  was  a  good  man  and  full  of  the 
Holy  Ghost  and  of  faith. 

'  Steele,  Miss  Anna,  was  the  daughter  of  a  Bap- 
tist minister  of  Broughton,  England.  In  early  life 
she  learned  to  cultivate  the  poetical  taste  with 
which  her  Creator  had  endowed  her.  and  she  suc- 
ceeded so  well  that  some  of  her  Inmns  have  been 
regarded  by  competent  judges  as  equal  to  the 
sacred  songs  of  Charles  Wesley  or  Augustus  Top- 
lady  ;  and  of  her  psalms  it  has  been  said  that  "in 
literalness,  smoothness,  and  evangelical  power  they 
may  almost  compare  with  those  of  Dr.  Watts."' 

The  first  lines  of  some  of  her  hymns  will  be  rec- 
ognized by  almost  every  Christian  who  speaks  the 
English  language, — "  The  Saviour !  oh  what  end- 
less charms,"  "  Come,  weary  souls,  with  sins  dis- 
tressed," "Jesus,  the  spring  of  joys  divine," 
'"Father  of  mercies,  in  thy  word."  "He  lives,  the 
great  Redeemer  lives,"  "  The  Saviour  calls,  let 
every  ear."  "Jesus,  in  thy  transporting  name," 
"  Comeye  thatlove  the  Saviour's  name,"  "  Stretched 
on  the  cross,  the  Saviour  dies,"  "  While  my  Re- 
deemer's near,"  "How  oft.  alas!  this  wretched 
heart,"  "  Ye  glittering  toys  of  earth,  adieu  !" 

While  her  productions  were  chiefly  devotional, 
she  composed  other  poems  of  great  beauty.  Miss 
Steele  possessed  talents  of  a  high  order,  and  has 
wielded  over  the  hearts  of  Christians  a  vast  influ- 
ence for  more  than  a  century;  and  such  are  the 
beautv  and  sweetness  of  her  sacred  songs  that  they 
will  guide  the  thoughts  and  afi'cctious  of  Christians 
while  the  Anglo-Saxon  tongue  is  spoken  by  mor- 
tals. She  died  about  1779.  Two  volumes  of  her 
poetry  were  published  during  her  life,  and  a  third 
soon  after  her  death. 

Steele,  Rev.  D.  A.,  A.M.,  was  born  in  Here- 
fordshire. England,  in  1S3S  ;  converted  and  bap- 
tized in  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  in  1857  ;  is  a  grad- 


^ 


STENNETT 


1101 


STENNETT 


nate  of  Acadia  C()llo<!;c;  ordained  June  20,  1865, 
at  Wolfville,  Nova  Scotia ;  pastor  at  Canso,  1865- 
67  :  became,  in  1867,  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
of  Amherst,  Nova  Scotia,  where  he  continues  to 
minister  with  ability  and  success. 

Stennett,  Rev.  Joseph,  was  l)orn  at  Al)inj:;don, 
<'onntv  (if  Hi'rks,  Eiiirland,  in  1663.  Ills  father, 
Ivlward  Stennett,  was  a  cleriryman  of  .«onie  dis- 
TJnction  and  of  considerable  suffering;  during  the 
Parliamentary  war.  With  the  blessing  of  God 
upon  the  prayers  and  efforts  of  his  pious  parents, 
Joseph  Stennett  was  born  again  in  very  early 
life. 

After  finishing  the  ordinary  branches  of  his  edu- 
cation he  mastered  the  French  and  Italian  lan- 
guages, acquired  a  thorough  knowledge  of  Hebrew 
and  other  Oriental  tongues,  and  successfully  studied 
philosophy  and  the  liberal  sciences. 

He  came  to  London  in  1685,  and  on  the  4th  of 
March.  1690,  he  was  ordaineil  pastor  of  the 
Seventh-Uay  Baptist  church,  meeting  in  Pinner's 
Hall.  He  preached  on  Sunday  to  other  Baptist 
churches,  but  he  remained  the  faithful  pastor  of 
the  Pinner's  Hall  church  till  his  death.  His  pol- 
ished manners,  ready  a<idress,  fine  intellect,  and 
extensive  learning  speedily  gave  him  a  high  posi- 
tion among  the  Baptists,  and,  a  little  later,  in  other 
denominations.  At  the  request  of  the  Baptists  he 
drew  up  and  presented  an  address  to  William  III. 
on  his  deliverance  from  the  "  Assassination  Plot." 
This  document  was  highly  commended.  AVlien  he 
publislied  his  thanksgiving  sermon  for  the  victory 
at  Ilochstedt,  in  1704,  a  nol)leman,  without  his 
knowledge,  presented  a  copy  of  it  to  the  queen 
(Anne),  with  which  her  majesty  was  so  pleased 
that  she  sent  a  gift  to  tlie  eloquent  and  patriotic 
minister.  He  composed  beautiful  hymns,  which 
are  still  used  in  the  churches,  which  drew  forth 
commendations  from  ISIr.  Tate,  the  poet  laureate. 
His  version  of  the  "  Songs  of  Solomon,''  and  his 
hymns,  secured  such  a  reputation  for  him  as  a  poet 
and  Hebrew  scholar  that  he  received  an  applica- 
tion to  revise  the  English  version  of  the  Psalms  of 
David.  Ur.  Sharj),  archbishop  of  York,  speaking 
of  this  proposition,  declared  that  "  he  had  heard 
such  a  character  of  Mr.  Stennett,  not  only  for  his 
skill  in  poetry,  but  likewise  in  the  Hebrew  tongue, 
that  he  thought  no  man  more  fit  for  that  work  than 
lie."  In  1702,  when  David  Ilussen  assailed  the 
Baptists  in  his  book  '•  Fundamentals  Without  a 
Foundation,  or  a  True  Picture  of  the  Anabaptists," 
Mr.  Stennett  was  invited  to  refute  the  work;  and 
he  accomplished  the  task  with  so  much  learning, 
such  solid  reasoning,  and  such  an  utter  rout  of  all 
the  forces  of  Mr.  Kussen,  that  he  was  satisfied 
never  again  to  meddle  with  the  Baptists.  The 
reputation  he  acquired  by  quieting  David  Russen 
prompted  his  friends  to  secure  his  services  to  write 


a  complete  history  of  Baptism.  He  intended  to 
comply  with  this  service  if  his  life  should  be 
spared,  and  for  some  years  he  collected  materials 
for  it,  l)ut  he  was  unable  to  carry  out  his  design. 

He  was  offered  preferment  in  the  Episcopal 
Church,  and  there  is  reason  to  believe  that  he 
could  have  reached  an  exalted  position  in  it,  ])ut 
the  conscience  of  Mr.  Stennett  was  not  for  sale, 
though  all  the  wealth  of  earth  had  been  offered  for 
it.  He  died  July  11,  1713.  His  works,  in  four 
octavo  volumes,  were  published  in  1732,  and  a 
fifth,  containing  his  reply  to  Mr.  Russen,  was  de- 
signi'(l  to  follow. 

Stennett,  Joseph,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Limdon, 

Nov.  6,  1692.  His  educational  advantages,  of 
which  lie  made  the  best  use,  were  of  the  highest 
order.  At  fifteen  he  gave  himself  to  the  Saviour, 
and  he  was  baptized.  At  twenty-two  he  entered 
upon  the  Christian  ministry  ;  twenty-three  years 
afterwards  lie  came  to  Ijondon  as  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Little  Wild  Street.  Dr.  Gill  preached 
one  of  the  two  sermons  delivered  on  the  occasion 
of  his  settlement  in  London.  At  that  time  he  was 
in  possession  of  splendid  powers,  matured  by  a 
wide  range  of  experience,  and  by  information  from 
all  ages  and  regions.  He  was  among  the  most 
eloquent  preachers  of  the  day,  and  soon  his  talents 
were  recognized  all  over  the  metropolis  of  Britain. 
He  was  on  agreeable  terms  with  Dr.  Gibson,  bishop 
of  London,  a  true  follower  of  Jesus.  He  was  per- 
sonally known  to  King  George  II.,  who  cherished 
a  warm  regard  for  him.  He  was  an  eloquent  de- 
fender of  the  doctrines  of  grace  against  Socinian- 
ism.  On  behalf  of  the  Dissenting  ministers  of  the 
"  Three  denominations  in  London  (Congregational, 
Baptist,  and  Presbyterian),  on  Oct.  3,  1745,  Mr. 
Stennett  presented  an  address  to  the  king,  con- 
gratulating his  majesty  on  his  return  to  England, 
on  the  triumph  of  his  arms  in  America,  and  on  his 
successes  on  tlie  continent  of  Europe."  The  ad- 
dress also  deprecated  "  the  present  unnatural  and 
rebellious  attempt  to  impose  upon  these  kingdoms 
a  papist  (Charles  Edward)  and  an  abjured  Pre- 
tender." 

The  University  of  Edinburgh,  in  1754,  created 
him  Doctor  of  Divinity  on  the  "recommendation 
of  his  royal  highness  the  Duke  of  Cumberland, 
their  chancellor,"  who  sent  Mr.  Stennett  the 
diploma  by  his  secretary'. 

Dr.  Stennett  died  Fob.  7,  1758,  in  the  sixty-sixth 
year  of  his  age.  His  funeral  sermon  was  preached 
by  Dr.  Gill,  and  in  it  he  stated  that  ''his  death 
was  a  public  loss,  particularly  to  the  whole  Dis- 
senting interest."  Dr.  Stennett  was  a  Seventh- 
Day  Baptist,  though  pastor  of  a  regular  Bajitist 
church.      He  was  the  autlmr  nf  eight  small  works. 

Stennett,  Samnel,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Exeter  in 
1727.   and   converted   and    baptizeil   when    young. 


STF.PHENS 


1102 


STEVENS 


Like  his  father,  he  was  a  man  of  superior  talenta 
and  of  f^reat  erudition.  Ivimey  says,  "  His  pro- 
ficiency in  Greek,  Latin,  and  the  Oriental  tongues, 
and  his  extensive  acquaintance  with  sacred  litera- 
ture, are  so  abundantly  displayed  in  his  valuable 
works  that  they  cannot  fail  to  establish  his  reputa- 
tion for  learning  and  genius."'  He  had  been  accus- 
'tonied  to  move  in  the  society  of  persons  of  refine- 
)nent,  and,  on  entering  upon  his  pastoral  duties  in 
London,  he  was  remarkable  for  the  ease  and  suavity 
of  his  manners,  for  the  good  breeding,  the  pol- 
ished language,  and  tiie  graceful  ways  of  the  true 
gentleman.  He  was  frequently  in  company  with 
persons  enjoying  the  highest  social  distinction,  and 
in  such  situations  as  gave  him  an  opportunity  to 
commend  Baptists  and  aid  Dissenters  of  all  denom- 
inations. In  1763  he  was  made  a  Doctor  of  Divin- 
ity by  King's  College,  Alierdeen.  Among  the  noble 
men  who  waited  upon  iiis  ministry  and  loved  him 
with  the  affection  of  a  friend  was  Johji  Howard,  the 
philanthropist.  In  a  letter  from  Smyrna,  written 
to  Dr.  Stennett  Aug.  II,  1786,  Mr.  Howard  says, 
"I  bless  God  for  your  ministry;  I  pray  God  to  re- 
ward you  a  thousandfold.  My  friend,  you  have  an 
honorable  work ;  many  seals  you  have  to  your 
ministry." 

The  meeting-house  was  rebuilt  during  the  min- 
istry of  Dr.  Stennett.  He  fell  asleep  in  Jesus  Aug.- 
24,  1795,  in  the  sixty-eighth  year  of  his  age.  He 
ministered  to  the  Little  Wild  Street  church,  as  as- 
sistant and  successor  to  his  father,  for  forty-seven 
years.  His  father,  Joseph  Stennett,  D.D.,  his 
grandfather,  Joseph  Stennett,  his  great-grand- 
father, Edward  Stennett,  his  brother,  Josepli  Sten- 
nett, and  his  son,  Joseph  Stennett,  were  all  Baptist 
ministers. 

Most  of  the  works  of  Dr.  Samuel  Stennett  were 
reprinted,  in  1784,  in  three  octavo  volumes.  In 
1772  he  published  a  work  entitled  "  Remarks  on 
the  Christian  Minister's  Reasons  for  Administering 
Baptism  by  Sprinkling."  This  was  a  duodecimo 
of  170  pages.  In  1775  he  issued  a  volume  of  300 
pages,  called  "An  Answer  to  the  Christian  Minis- 
ter's Reasons  for  Baptizing  Infants."  He  was  also 
the  author  of  two  productions  treating  of  appeals 
to  Parliament  by  Protestant  Dissenters  for  relief 
from  persecuting  enactments  ;  these  are  not  found 
in  his  collected  works. 

Stephens  College  is  located  at  Columbia,  Mo., 
and  has  for  years  ranked  among  the  first  ladies' 
schools  of  the  State.  Prof.  R.  P.  Rider  is  the 
principal. 

Tiie  literary  course  is  divided  into  seven  distinct 
schools.  Its  students  are  admitted  to  lectures  in 
the  State  University.  Teachers  of  ability  and  ex- 
perience are  employed.  In  1880  it  had  14  teachers 
and  170  students. 

Stephens,  James  L.,  was  bom  in  Garrard  Co., 


Ky.,  Nov.  17,  1815.  His  father  was  of  English  de- 
scent and  his  mother  of  Scotch.  His  father  re- 
moved to  Missouri  in  1819,  and  located  in  Boone 
County.  He  was  a  man  of  culture,  with  a  fine 
library.  His  son,  James  L.,  was  a  clerk,  in  1836, 
in  a  store  in  Columbia,  where  he  has  resided  ever 
since,  except  for  a  short  time.  J.  L.  Stephens  haf* 
been  a  leading  man  in  C.entral  Missouri  in  busi- 
ness, educational,  and  religious  interests.  He  was- 
active  in  securing  the  location  of  the  State  Univer- 
sity at  Columbia,  and  his  liberal  donation  caused  ' 
Stephens  College,  of  Columbia,  to  be  named  a'fter 
him.  He  also  contributed  generously  to  William 
Jewell  College,  at  Liberty.  He  was  nominated  for 
governor  of  Missouri,  and  made  an  honorable 
canvass. 

He  married  Amelia  Hockaday,  daughter  of  Judge 
J.  0.  Ilockadaj',  of  Fulton,  Mo.  Mr.  Stephens  and 
his  family  are  members  of  the  Baptist  Church,  and 
to  religious  and  educational  interests  he  gives  much 
of  his  time.  , 

Sterry,  Rev.  John,  son  of  Roger  and  Abby 
(Holmes)  Sterry,  was  born  in  Providence,  R.  1.,  in 
1766.  His  father  was  an  Englishman,  but  his 
mother  was  from  Stonington,  Conn.  Related  to 
Gov.  Fenner,  he  had  good  educational  advantages, 
and  studied  for  a  time  in  Brown  University.  He  and 
his  brother.  Consider  Sterry,  were  eminent  mathe- 
maticians, and  published  a  volume  on  mathematics, 
at  which  time  John  learned  the  printer's  trade. 
Near  1790  he  removed  to  Norwich,  Conn.,  where 
he  established  himself  as  a  printer,  book-binder, 
bookseller,  paper-maker,  author,  and  publisher. 
On  his  conversion,  after  settling  in  Norwich,  he 
became  a  Baptist,  and  in  1800  founded  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  tljat  city,  of  which  he  was  or- 
dained the  pastor  Dec.  25,  1800.  Under  his  min- 
istry were  revivals  of  power  in  1816,  1817,  and 
1819.  He  was  the  joint  author  with  his  brother  of 
two  mathematical  works,  "The  American  Yoiiths* 
Arithmetic  and  Algebra,"  and  "  Arithmetic  for  the 
Use  of  Schools  in  the  United  States,"  favorably 
noticed  in  England.  He  assisted  Mr.  Nathan  Da- 
boll  in  his  almanacs,  and  Rev.  William  Northup 
in  preparing  his  hymn-book.  He  invented  the  art 
of  marbling  paper,  and  an  improved  method  of 
bleaching  c6ttons,  that  was  adopted  in  Rhode 
Island.  He  was  the  chief  party  in  editing  and  pul>- 
lishing  T/ie  Trite  Jiejniblicaii,  a  paper  that  was 
strongly  Republican  in  doctrine,  and  did  service  ir» 
securing  the  full  recognition  of  religious  liberty  in 
the  constitution  of  Connecticut.  Mr.  Sterry  was  a 
strong  thinker,  able  writer,  logical  preacher,  de- 
voted Christian,  and  faithful  advocate  of  all  the 
interests  of  the  people.  In  his  day  he  was  an  effi- 
cient toiler  and  wise  leader.  He  died  in  Norwich, 
Nov.  5,  1823,  in  his  fifty-seventh  year. 
Stevens,  Rev.  Adoniram  Judson,  was  born  ftt 


STEVENS 


1103 


STEVEN'S 


Gaspereaux,  Nova  Scotia,  Dec.  26,  1848.  He  was 
converted  and  baptized  in  Wolfville,  Ndva  Scotia. 
He  was  a  graduate  from  Acadia  Collei^e  in  June, 
187-} ;  studied  theology  at  Newton  ;  was  ordained 
at  Kentville,  Nova  Scotia,  in  1873;  became  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church,  Fredericton,  New  Bruns- 
wick, in  1878,  whence  he  exchanged  a  useful  and 
happy  pastorate  for  higher  and  unwearying  service 
in  the  upper  sanctuary,  Marcli  15,  1880. 

Stevens,  Rev.  Carlos  W.,  was  born  in  Sun- 
bury,  Liberty  Co.,  Ga.,  Sept.  30,  1823.  His  parents, 
Oliver  and  Eliza  S.  Stevens,  were  members  of  the 
Baptist  Churcli,  and  were  distinguished  for  their 
many  Christian  virtues.  From  early  childhdod 
the  fruits  of  his  Christian  training  were  iniinifested 
in  Carlos's  exemplary  deportment  at  home  and 
among  his  schoolmates.  Truthfulness  and  consci- 
entiousness in  the  discharge  of  every  duty  were 
as  distinctive  characteristics  of  his  youthful  days 
as  of  his  manhood  in  all  the  varied  relations  of 
life.  About  the  fourteenth  year  of  his  age  he  ex- 
perienced converting  grace,  and  his  whole  subse- 
quent life  was  an  illustration  of  vital  godliness. 
He  was  prepared  for  college  at  the  Wasthourville 
Academy,  and  entered  Franklin  College,  where  he 
remained  two  years,  and  finished  his  course  prepara- 
tory for  the  ministry  at  Mercer  University. 

The  greater  portion  of  his  life  was  spent  in 
preaching  the  gospel  and  teaching,  in  each  of  which 
vocations  he  met  with  commendable  success.  As 
a' teacher,  his  discipline  was  mild,  yet  decisive  ;  as  a 
pastor,  he  was  indeed  the  good  shepherd,  and  he 
secured  the  love  and  admiration  of  all  with  whom 
he  associated,  and  by  whom  even  now  his  memory 
is  cherished  with  peculiar  tenderness.  Charity  in 
its  broadest  significance,  that  of  love  for  all,  was 
the  crowning  glory  of  his  life.  In  the  midst  of  his 
usefulness,  and  in  the  vigor  of  his  manhood,  after 
a  short  illness,  he  died,  at  Sparta,  Ga.,  Oct.  31, 
1866. 

Stevens,  E.  A.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Liberty  Co., 
Ga.,  Jan.  23,  1814.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Brown 
University  and  of  the  Newton  Theological  Institu- 
tion. Ilis  appointment  to  the  foreign  mission  field 
bears  the  date  of  June  27,  1836.  His  ordination 
took  place  at  lluckerville,  Ga.,  May  6,  1837,  and  he 
sailed  the  28th  of  the  October  following  from  Bos- 
ton for  the  East,  arriving  at  Maulmain  Feb.  19, 
1838.  While  studying  the  language  he  preached 
for  awhile  to  the  English  congregation  in  Maul- 
main. The  theological  school  for  native  assistants 
was  placed  under  his  charge,  and  was  reopened  on 
the  4th  of  March,  1839,  and  continued  in  active 
operation  until  August,  1841,  when  it  was  sus- 
pended for  want  of  funds  to  carry  it  on,  but  it  was 
reopened  in  the  summer  of  1844.  Dr.  Stevens 
edited  the  Heligious  Herald  for  several  years,  be- 
sides attending  to  all  his  other  duties  as  pastor, 


preacher,  and  teacher.  The  pastorate  of  the  Bur- 
man  church  was  transferred,  in  18;")!,  to  Dr.  AVade, 
thus  allowing  Dr.  Stevens  to  d(!Vote  himself  more 
closely  to  the  completion  of  the  Burmese  dicrtionary, 
which  was  left  unfinished  by  Dr.  Judson.  In  18')4, 
Dr.  Stevens  returned  to  bis  native  land.  He  had 
been  transferred  to  the  Rangoon,  Burnian,  mission 
previous  to  bis  departure,  and  on  his  return  to 
Burmah,  early  in  1857,  he  commenced  again  his 
labors.  A  brick  chapel  was  completed  and  dedi- 
cated Oct.  30,  1859.  Year  after  year  Dr.  Stevens 
prosecuted  iiis  work  with  untiring  industry  and 
zeal,  and  was  rewarded  by  seeing  the  al)undant 
success  of  his  labors.  In  the  early  part  of  1S()7 
ho  had  the  pleasure  of  welcoming  his  son,  llev.  K. 
O.  Stevens,  and  wife  to  be  bis  helpers.  In  1875 
he  once  more  returned  to  this  country  to  recuperate 
his  health,  remaining  here  until  the  fall  of  1877. 
He  arrived  in  Rangoon  Dec.  27,  1877,  and  once 
more  resumed  the  busy  life  ho  has  always  led  in 
Burmah. 

Stevens,  Rev.  George  Dana  Boardman,  the 

pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Blooniington,  Wis., 
is  a  native  of  South  Paris,  Me.,  where  he  was  born 
Sept.  5,  1838.  He  obtained  a  hope  in  Christ  at  tlic 
age  of  twenty,  and  united  with  the  Baptist  Church, 
lie  graduated  from  Colby  University  in  the  class 
of  1863.  In  January,  1868,  he  came  to  llicbland 
Centre,  Wis.,  and  engaged  in  teaching  as  the  prin- 
cipal of  the  public  school  in  that  place.  He  was 
made  superintendent  of  public  instruction  f(ir  Rich- 
land County,  which  position  he  lield  for  several 
years.  It  was  through  his  earnest  efforts  that  the 
Baptist  church — the  first  Baptist  organization  in 
the  county — was  organized  in  Richland  Centre,  and 
its  meeting-house  built.  Having  strong  convictions 
that  it  was  his  duty  to  preach  the  gospel,  he  aban- 
doned teaching  and  was  ordained  to  the  work  of 
the  Christian  ministry  by  the  Richland  Centre 
Baptist  cliurch,  April  6.  1871,  and  at  once  became 
the  pastor  of  the  church.  Dr.  Wm.  II.  Brisbane 
was  moderator  of  the  council,  and  Rev.  Joel  W. 
Fish  preached  the  sermon.  He  remained  pastor  at 
Richland  Centre  four  years,  building  up  the  church 
and  doing  an  immense  amount  of  pioneer  work  in 
the  county  and  surrounding  counties.  He  has  l)oen 
for  six  years  the  useful  and  highly  esteemed  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Bbiomington.  Wis. 

Stevens,  John,  D.D.,  for  nearly  half  a  century 
identified  with  the  leading  educational  and  mis- 
sionary movements  among  the  Baptists  of  Ohio, 
was  born  in  Townsend.  Mass.,  June  6,  1798.  At 
the  age  of  seventeen  he  was  taken  by  liis  father. 
Solomon  Stevens,  a  man  of  the  New  England  type, 
intelligent  and  strong,  to  Middlebury,  Vt.,  wJiere, 
in  1817,  he  entered  college,  and  graduated  in  1821. 
After  a  year  of  teaching  as  principal  of  the  Mont- 
pelier    Academy,    though    not    then    n    professing 


STEVENS 


1104 


STEVENS 


Christian,  he  entered  Andover  Tiieolo^fical  Semi- 
nary, where  he  greatly  enjoyed  the  instruction  of 
Moses  Stuart.  He  had  been  reared  a  Congrega- 
tionalist,  Ijut  being  convinced  of  the  truth  of  Bap- 


JOHN    STEVENS,    D.D. 

tist  doctrines  while  yet  in-  the  seminary,  in  1823, 
he  was  baptized  by  Dr.  Lucius  Bolles  at  Salem, 
Mass.  In  1825,  at  the  urgent  solicitation  of  Pres- 
ident Bates,  he  broke  ofif  his  theological  studies,  in 
which,  by  extreme  assiduity,  he  had  injured  his 
health,  and  became  classical  tutor  in  Middlebury 
College,  where  he  taught  with  great  success  for 
three  years.  For  another  three  years  he  was  clas- 
sical tutor  in  the  academy  at  South  Reading  (now 
Wakefield),  Mass.  Thi,s  position  he  resigned  to  go 
to  Ohio. 

His  first  service  in  Ohio  was  rendered  as  editor 
of  the  Baptist  Weeklj/  Journal,  a  new  religious 
newspaper  for  the  Mississippi  Valley,  established 
in  1831.  He  continued  in  this  position  seven  years, 
and  did  a  generally  successful  work  in  the  midst 
of  much  difficulty  and  opposition, — the  Ohio  Bap- 
tists of  that  day  numbering  less  than  10.000,  and 
a  large  proportion  of  them  being  opposed  to  Sun- 
day-schools, missions,  and  an  educated  ministry. 
In  1828  he  became  Professor  of  Moral  and  Intel- 
lectual Philosophy  in  Granville  College.  Dr.  Going 
was  at  that  time  president  of  the  college,  but  as  he 
was  expected  to  give  his  time  to  theological  instruc- 
tion and  juiblic  efforts,  the  main  duties  of  the  pres- 
idency fell  on  Prof.  Stevens.  Much  of  the  early 
success  of  the  college  is  therefore  due  to  him.  In 
1843   he  was   engaged   by  the   American   Baptist 


Missionary  IJnion  to  be  its  district  secretary  for 
Ohio  and  Indiana,  and  for  the  following  twelve 
years  he  continued  in  this  work,  raising  the  collec- 
tions for  foreign  missions  from  an  annual  average 
of  S962  to  nearly  8-5000. 

In  1834  a  society  called  the  Western  Baptist 
Education  Society  was  formed  at  Cincinnati.  Prof. 
Stevens  acted  as  the  secretary  of  this  society  until 
1856,  when  its  work  passed  into  the  hands  of  the 
Ohio  Baptist  Education  Society.  He  was  also 
largely  engaged  in  the  establishment  and  support 
of  the  Western  Baptist  Theological  Institute,  which 
was  opened  for  students  at  Covington,  Ky.,  in 
1845,  under  the  pi'esidency  of  Rev.  R.  E.  Pattison, 
D.D.,  and  subsequently,  when  disagreements  oc- 
curred and  a  separation  took  place,  in  the  founding 
of  a  similar  institution  at  Fairmount,  near  Cincin- 
nati. Throughout  all  this  period  he  was  unceas- 
ingly active  both  in  the  cause  of  education  and  of 
missions,  and  made  many  personal  sacrifices  of 
time  and  money. 

In  1859  he  was  made  Professor  of  Greek  and 
Latin  in  Denison  University.  In  1868,  the  two 
departments  having  been  separated,  he  took  the 
chair  of  Latin,  which  he  retained  until  1875. 
During  all  these  years  he  maintained  the  fresh 
zeal  and  enthusiasm  of  youth,  and  kept  himself 
fully  abreast  with  the  age.  His  hours  of  leisure 
and  his  vacations  were  spent  in  the  service  of  the 
Education  Society.  In  1875  he  resigned  his  pro- 
fessorship, but  by  the  unanimous  vote  of  the  trus- 
tees was  continued  as  Emeritus  Professor.  Two 
years  afterwards,  April  30,  1877,  he  died  at  the 
house  of  his  son  in  Granville,  after  a  single  day"s 
illness. 

Prof.  Stevens  was  ordained  in  the  Ninth  Street 
church,  Cincinnati,  in  1844.  In  1873  he  received 
the  degree  of  D.D.  from  the  Univei-sity  of  Roches- 
ter, He  was  married  in  1836  to  Mary,  daughter 
of  Deacon  Wm.  Arnold,  of  Charlestown,  Mftse.,  a 
woman  rarely  endowed  in  heart  and  mind.  He 
leaves  two  sons,  one,  George  E.,  in  business  in  Cin- 
cinnati, 0.,  and  the  other,  Wm.  A.,  professor  in 
Rochester  Theological  Seminary. 

Stevens,  Hon.  Thaddeus,  was  born  in  Peacham, 
Caledonia  Co.,  Vt.,  April  4,  1793.  He  graduated 
with  honor  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1814.  Here- 
moved  to  York,  Pa.,  where  he  practised  law.  and  soon 
bedame  a  prominent  man  in  the  public  affairs  of 
his  adopted  State.  He  came  to  reside  permanently 
in  Lancaster  in  1842.  He  was  elected  to  the  U.  S. 
House  of  Representatives  in  1848,  and  again  in 
1850.  He  was  i-e-elected  in  1858,  and  to  every 
subsequent  Congress  until  his  death,  which  oc- 
curred in  AVashington,  Aug.  11.  1868. 

Mr.  Stevens  was  for  some  time  the  leader  of  his 
party  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  its 
chief  man  throughout  the   free  States.     Since  the 


STEVENSON' 


1105 


STEWART 


days  of  Henry  tJlay  no  man  had  a  larjjer  or  more 
devoted  thron^i;  of  followers.  They  adniirinj^ly 
spoke  of  him  as  "  The  great  commoner." 

He  was  a  member  of  no  church,  but  he  was 
brought  up  in  the  principles  of  the  Baptists  by  his 
godly  mother,  and  to  his  latest  breath  he  pro- 
claimed himself  a  Baptist.  About  twenty  years 
before  his  death,  Mr.  Stevens  and  anotiier  gentle- 
man united^  in  purchasing  a  church  oditice  for  a 
small  Baptist  community  then  organized  in  Lan- 
caster. The  church  had  the  use  of  this  building 
free  until  they  disbanded.  In  his  will  he  left  SIOOO 
to  the  Baptists  to  assist  in  building  a  meeting- 
house in  Lancaster,  provided  the  work  should  be 
undertaken  not  later  than  five  years  after  his  de- 
cease. In  recording  the  bequest  he  declared  that 
the  gift  was  in  honor  of  his  mother,  to  whom  he 
was  indebted  for  his  attainments  and  usefulness. 
"To-day  there  stands  in  Lancaster  a  beautiful  and 
substantial  meeting-house,  largely  growing  out  of 
Mr.  Stevens's  bequest,"  and  within  its  walls  a  hope- 
ful Baptist  church  meets  to  worship  God. 

"  His  name  is  dear  to  the  people  of  Lancaster. 
He  was  very  liberal ;  it  is  commonly  reported  that 
he  never  refused  to  respond  to  the  appeals  of 
any  needy  person."  He  and  President  James 
Buchanan  sleep  in  cemeteries  within  a  few  rods 
of  each  other. 

Stevenson,  Rev.  Samuel,  a  distinguished  edu- 
cator and  friend  of  Sunday-schools  in  Arkansas,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in  1815,  and  took  an  irreg- 
ular course  in  Georgetown  College,  Ky.,  where  he 
graduated  in  the  English  course  in  1847.  He  came 
as  a  pioneer  educator  into  the  State  shortly  after  his 
graduation  and  established  at  Arkadelphia  the 
'•  Arkadelphia  Institute,"'  the  first  Baptist  school 
in  the  State  ;  was  present  and  participated  in  the 
organization  of  the  State  Convention  in  1848,  and 
became  an  active  promoter  of  missions  and  Sunday- 
schools  at  a  time  when  these  objects  were  but  little 
understood.  He  was  ordained  after  he  came  to  the 
State,  and  preached  occasionally.  After  the  war 
he  removed  to  Little  Rock,  and  engaged  in  busi- 
ness.    He  died  in  ISJS. 

Steward,  Rev.  Ira  R.,  son  of  Nathan  and  Dru- 
silla  (Rogers)  Steward,  was  born  in  New  London, 
Conn.,  April  3,  1795;  served  in  the  war  of  1812; 
was  converted  in  1816  ;  baptized  same  year  by 
Rev.  Francis  Darrovv,  and  united  with  First  Bap- 
tist church  in  Waterford,  Conn.  ;  ordained  deacon 
in  New  London  ;  ordained  in  same  city  to  the 
ministry  March  26,  1833  ;  assisted  Rev.  Roswell 
lUirrows,  ili  Groton ;  settled  in  Waterford  and 
Montville ;  succeeded  Rev.  R.  Burrows,  in  Groton, 
for  eleven  years  from  1837  ;  in  1842  received  260 
members;  also  labored  as  an  evangelist  at  Nor- 
wich ;  at  the  solicitation  of  Dr.  Spencer  H.  Cone 
and  others,  settled  with  the  Baptist  Bethel  in  New 


York  City,  and  labored  with  remarkable  success 
for  twenty  years,  and  became  known  over  the 
world  ;  having  in  early  life  been  at  sea,  and  know- 
ing sailors  and  human  nature,  and  having  a  deep 
Christian  experience,  his  ministry  in  New  York 
was  one  of  great  power  ;  "  previous  to  his  entering 
upon  the  ministry  he  had  memorized  the  entire 
New  Testament  and  a  largi;  part  of  the  Old  ;''  re- 
tired from  the  pastorate  in  1865,  and  died  I)ec.  26, 
1867,  aged  seventy-two  years :  was  buried  in  New 
London,  Conn. 

Stewart,  Rev.  Henry  Greene,  was  bom  in 

East  Clarendon,  Vt.,  April  25,  1811.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1839; 
studied  at  Newton  ;  accepted  a  call  to  the  Baptist 
church  at  Cumberland  Hill,  R.  I.,  where  he  re- 
mained for  about  nine  years.  He  became  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Seckonk,  Mass.,  in  1859. 
For  eight  years  he  was  in  the  service  of  the  Ameri- 
can and  Foreign  Bible  Society.  At  the  end  of  this 
period  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  church  in  Warwick. 
During  the  late  war  he  was  employed  by  the 
"  Freedmen's  Bureau,"  and  in  his  official  capacity 
made  extensive  tours  through  the  South  and  West, 
gathering  what  information  he  could  concerning 
the  condition  and  the  wants  of  the  colored  people. 
The  service  he  performed  was  arduous,  but  of  great 
value.  Returning  to  his  home,  he  acted  for  some 
time  as  the  missionary  of  the  Rhode  Island  Bap- 
tist Convention  in  the  destitute  sections  of  the  State. 
His  health  was  seriously  impaired  by  the  hard- 
ships he  had  passed  through  in  his  labors  for  the 
"  Freedmen."  Hoping  that  he  might  be  benefited 
by  a  residence  in  Nevada,  he  secured  an  appoint- 
ment which  took  him  to  that  State.  Scarcely  had 
he  reached  his  new  home  when  he  died,  July  6, 
1871. 

Stewart,  Rev.  J.  L.,  was  born  in  Mississippi 
about  the  year  1S33.  He  was  graduated  from  the 
University  of  North  Carolina,  read  law  at  Chapel 
Hill,  and  was  ordained  in  1864,  Rev.  N.  W.  Wil- 
son, D.D.,  Geo.  W.  Purefoy,  D.D.,  and  T.  II.  Pritch- 
ard,  D.D.,  forming  the  Presbytery.  He  removed 
to  Sampson  County  soon  after  his  ordination, 
where  ho  has  since  resided,  and  has  obtained  an 
enviable  reputation  as  a  lawyer  and  preacher,  both 
of  which  professions  he  has  successfully  prosecuted. 
He  has  been  for  years  moderator  of  the  Eastern 
Association,  and  is  one  of  the  best  presiding  officers 
in  the  State. 

Stewart,  William,  D.D.,  was  born  in  the  par- 
ish of  lladdaiii,  |)unifriessliire.  Scotland,  on  July 
27,  1835.  He  studied  at  Annan  Academy  and  the 
University  of  Glasgow,  at  which  latter  institution 
he  obtained  by  competition  two  of  the  highest 
scholarships.  Having  removed  to  Canada,  he  was 
engaged  for  a  time  in  teaching  a  high  school,  and 
when  the  Canadian  Literary  Institute  was  opened. 


STIFLE  It 


1106 


STILES 


in  July,  1860,  he  was  appointed  Professor  of  Clas- 
.sics.  In  the  same  year  he  was  admitted  to  an  ad 
euiidem  dejiree  in  the  University  of  liocliester.  He 
has  been  pastor  successively  of  the  First  Baptist 
church,  Brantford ;  of  the  Bond  Street  church, 
Toronto;  and  of  the  Park  Street  church,  Hamil- 
ton,— three  of  the  largest  churches  in  the  province 
of  Ontario.  He  was  also  for  three  years  editor, 
and  for  nearly  seven  years  editorial  contributor,'  to 
the  Canadian  Baptist.  In  1876  Knox  University 
conferred  on  him  the  deforce  of  D.D.  In  addition 
to  taking  an  active  part  in  the  societies  charged 
with  the  great  work  of  ministerial  education,  for- 
eign missions,  and  home  missions,  for  each  of 
which  he  has  at  times  been  secretary.  Dr.  Stewart 
has  published  several  pamphlets  and  discourses, 
among  which  area  prize  essay  on  the  ''Officers  of 
the  New  Testament  Church,"  and  a  sermon  on 
"  Future  Punishment."  At  present  (September, 
1880).  owins;  to  failing  health,  he  isjin  California. 

Stifler,  William  H.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Blair 
Co.,  Pa.,  in  1841,  and  left  home  in  1857  for  the 
West.  He  entered  the  preparatory  department  of 
Shurtleff  College,  Upper  Altim,  111.,  in  1858.  He 
was  converted  in  1859.  On  account  of  interrup- 
tions in  his  course  of  studies  by  time  spent  in 
teaching  and  in  the  United  States  service,  he  did 
not  graduate  until  1866  in  the  college  department, 
and  1869  in  the  theological  department.  He  was 
ordained  pastor  of  the  Pana  Baptist  church,  Pana, 
111.,  in  1869.  In  May,  1872,  he  became  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  at  Cedar  Falls,  Iowa.  In  May,  1876, 
he  became  pastor  at  Cedar  Rapids,  and  in  October, 
1879,  he  became  pastor  of  the  Calvary  Baptist 
church,  Davenport,  whei-e  he  is  now  laboring. 
During  his  ministry  in  Iowa  he  has  been  promi- 
nently connected  with  all  the  denominational  in- 
terests in  the  State,  and  has  rendered  efficient  ser- 
vice, especially  in  the  Sunday-school  work. 

Stiles,  Ezra,  B.D.^  a  Congregational  minister 
of  Newport,  R.  I.,  in  1763,  a  leader  of  distinction 
in  ills  denomination,  who  was  subsequently  presi- 
dent of  Yale  College,  had  much  to  do  with  the 
charter  of  our  first  American  college. 

Dr.  Manning,  the  first  president  of  Rhode  Island 
College,  now  Brown  University,  arrived  at  Newport 
in  July,  1763.  At  the  iiouse  of  Col.  Gardner, 
deputy  governor  of  the  colony,  and  a  Baptist,  a 
meeting  of  about  fifteen  Baptist  gentlemen  was 
held  to  arrange  about  framing  a  charter  for  the 
new  Baptist  college.  Dr.  Manning  was  reque.sted 
to  prepare  a  sketch  for  examination  on  the  follow- 
ing day,  when  the  brethren  present  should  again 
m«et.  At  the  next  meeting  Dr.  Manning's  "  rough" 
draft  was  reail,  the  tenor  of  which  was,  that  this 
institution  was  to  be  a  Baptist  one,  but  that  as 
many  of  other  denominations  should  be  taken  in 
08  was  consistent  with  the  said  design.     Hon.  Jo- 


sias  LyndoH  and  Col.  Job  Bennet  were  "  appointed 
to  draw  a  charter,"  with  a  petition  that  it  should 
be  approved  by  the  Legislature,  to  be  laid  Ijefore 
the  next  General  Assembly:  they,  pleading  inex- 
perience, requested  permission  to  solicit  the  assist- 
ance of  Dr.  Stiles.  Their  request  was  granted, 
and  the  whole  matter  was  left  to  Dr.  Stiles,  after 
he  was  informed  that  "  the  Baptists  were  to  have 
the  lead  in  the  institution,  and  the  government 
thereof  forever,  and  that  no  more  of  other  denomi- 
nations were  to  be  admitted  than  would  be  consist-  • 
ent  with  that." 

Dr.  Stiles  undertook  the  matter,  and  received 
soiiie  help  from  Mr.  William  Ellery.  The  day 
when  the  charter  was  to  be  read  to  its  Baptist 
friends  Dr.  Manning  had  to  sail  for  Halifax,  so 
that  he  could  not  remain  long  enough  to  see  that 
the  intentions  of  the  founders  of  the  proposed 
college  were  carried  out.  Besides,  the  document 
was  difficult  to  understand  without  careful  exami- 
nation. The  corporation  of  the  projected  college 
was  to  consist  of  trustees  and  fellows,  and  these 
.boards  were  "  to  sit  and  act  by  distinct  and  sepa- 
rate powers."  The  Baptists  thought  that  the  trus- 
tees were  "  the  principal  brancii  of  authority,  and 
as  it  was  provided  that  nineteen  out  of  thirty-five 
were  to  be  Baptists,  the  Baptists  were  satisfied," 
without  a  proper  examination  of  the  deceptive  docu- 
ment. But  Dr.  Stiles  had  so  '"  artfully  constructed 
the  charter  as  to  throw  the  power  into  the  fellows" 
hands,  whereof  eight  out  of  twelve  were  Presby- 
terians, usually  called  Congregationalists,  and  that 
the  other  four  might  be  of  the  same  denomination 
for  aught  that  appeared  in  the  charter  to  the  con- 
trary." 

When  the  charter  came  before  the  Assembly, 
and  a  vote  was  deiiianded,  Daniel  .Jenckes,  whose 
daughter  Rhoda  was  the  mother  of  Nicholas  Brown, 
and  who  was  afterwards  chief  justice  of  the  Provi- 
dence County  Court  for  nearly  thirty  yer.rs,  de- 
manded time  to  examine  it;  he  was  allowed,  after 
some  opposition,  to  take  it  home  while  the  Assem- 
bly was  at  dinner;  and  comprehending  the  real 
wickedness  of  the  charter,  he  went  to  consult  Gov. 
Lyndon,  who  w.as  a  Baptist,  and  the  governor 
understanding  its  character  immediately  called  on 
Dr.  Stiles  and  demanded  why  he  had  perverted  the 
design  of  the  charter.  His  answer  was,  "  I  gave 
you  timely  warning  to  take  care  of  yourselves,  for 
we  had  done  so  with  regard  to  our  society"  (de- 
nomination). He  finally  added  that  "  he  was  not 
the  rogue."  Mr.  Jenckes  succeeded  in  having  the 
charter  confirmation  postponed  for  that  session. 
"  noliritJi.ttandiiiir  the  attempts  of  Mr.  Ellen/  and 
others  of  the  Prcsliytcrians  to  the  rontran/."  Before 
the  l)reaking  up  of  the  Assembly,  by  order  of  the 
house,  at  the  request  of  Mr.  Jenckes,  the  Speaker 
gave  him  the  charter  on  his  promise  that  it  should 


S  TILLMAN- 


11U7 


UTILLMAN 


be  forthcoming  at  tlu'  next  inoeting  of  tlie  Assem- 
bly. 

Mr.  Jenckes  sliowed  the  charter  to  many,  and 
lojined  it  to  otliers  for  examination  ;  and  when  he 
needed  it  lie  sent  for  it  to  Dr.  Ephraim  Brown, 
who  had  borrowed  it  last,  and  then  to  Samuel 
Nij^htingale,  to  whom  he  had  loaned  it;  but  it 
could  not  he  found,  "  Xoitlier  do  I  know,"  says  JNIr. 
Jenckes,  "  to  tiiis  day  what  became  of  it."  The 
Baptists  prepared  another  charter,  and  when  it  was 
presented  to  the  next  Assembly,  it  was  warmly  op- 
posed by  the  Congregatioiialists  ;  the  charter  in- 
trusted to  Mr.  Jenckes  was  demanded,  and  when 
he  explained  the  way  in  which  it  was  lost  he  was 
rudely  charged  with  secreting  it,  and  with  being 
guilty  of  a  breach  of  trust ;  and  such  clamorings 
and  bickerings  came  from  the  enemies  of  the  Bap- 
tists in  the  Assembly  that  they  gave  up  their  ettbrts 
to  secure  the  confirmation  of  their  charter  for  that 
session.  In  the  mean  time  an  advertisement  was 
posted  up  in  the  most  public  places,  and  the  most 
diligent  eflForts  employed  to  secure  the  lost  charter, 
but  it  could  not  be  found  for  nearly  a  century. 
The  new  charter  was  granted  in  1764  '"  by  a  great 
majority,"  after  much  opposition  and  many  unjust 
reproaches  against  Mr.  Jenckes.  He  richly  de- 
served the  abuse  of  the  Congregationalists  of  Rhode 
Island;  for  when  they  and  their  religious  leader, 
Ezra  Stiles,  had  determined  to  "  corijiscate^'  by 
stealth  a  Baptist  college  charter,  he  saw  the  treach- 
ery and  frustrated  its  success. 

Strange  to  say,  the  lost  copy  of  Dr.  Stiles's  char- 
ter, for  the  failure  to  return  which  to  the  Assembly 
Mr.  Jenckes  suffered  so  unjustly  in  his  feelings  and 
reputation,  "was  recently  fuund,''^  Dr.  Guild  writes 
in  1864,  ^^  among  the  archives  of  Dr.  Stiles's  church, 
and  is  now  in  the  possession  of  the  universitif 
(Brown).  These  facts  are  taken  from  statements 
of  Dr.  Manning,  Daniel  Jenckes,  and  Dr.  R.  A. 
(luild  in  "  Life,  Times,  and  Correspondence  of 
James  Manning,"  pp.  46-49,  52-54,  56. 

Stillman,  Samuel,  D.D. — Among  the  honored 
names  tiiat  have  l)een  handed  down  to  us  in  the 
annals  of  the  eighteenth  century,  that  of  Samuel 
Stillman  is  not  the  least  worthy  of  mention.  Born 
of  respectable  parents,  in  the  city  of  Friends,  Feb. 
27,  1737,  and  spending  the  first  eleven  years  of  his 
life  in  the  atmosphere  of  that  city,  he  was  sur- 
rounded by  influences  that  were  conducive  to  both 
moral  and  intellectual  growth,  and  in  very  early 
childhood  these  influences  made  noticeable  impres- 
sions upon  his  character. 

In  his  eleventh  year  he  went  with  his  parents 
to  Charleston,  S.  C,  where  was  laid  the  foundation 
upon  which  he  afterwards  built  the  magnificent 
superstructure  of  his  life.  Ilis  teacher,  a  Mr.  Rind, 
was  celebrated  as  an  instructor,  and  under  his 
guidance   he   made  rapid  progress  in  his  studies. 


His  childhood  seems  to  have  been  not  uncommon. 
While  at  times  under  deep  religious  convictions, 
he  was  not  permanently  affected  by  them  until 
he    had    nearly   passed    out  of  his    boyhood.      A 


■"■».? 


SAMUEL     STILLMAN,    D.D. 


youth  of  earnest  character,  he  was  not  hasty  in  de- 
ciding the  great  question  that  troubled  him,  but, 
having  decided  it,  he  was  not  slow  in  obeying  the 
Word  of  God  and  the  voice  of  conscience.  He  was, 
therefore,  soon  received  by  baptism  into  the  church 
of  which  the  Rev.  Oliver  Hart  was  then  pastor,  and 
under  whose  preaching  he  had  been  converted. 

At  this  time  his  mind  was  directed  towards  the 
work  of  the  ministry,  and  he  determined  to  enter 
at  once  upon  the  preparation  necessary  for  that 
service,  which  seemed  to  him  of  all  others  most 
imperatively  to  demand  his  attention. 

His  theological  studies,  which  he  began  imme- 
diately upon  the  completion  of  his  classical  course, 
were  carried  on  under  the  direction  of  his  pastor, 
and  his  earliest  sermons  were  preached  in  the 
church  of  which  he  was  a  member.  The  first  of 
these  was  delivered  on  the  17th  of  February,  1758. 
One  year  later  he  was  ordained  to  the  work  of  an 
evangelist.  An  index  to  his  character,  and  the 
impression  he  had  made  at  this  early  date,  is 
given  in  the  recommendation  of  the  Charleston 
Association  of  1758,  wherein  they  speak  of  him  a.s 
'•  an  orderly  and  worthy  minister  of  the  gospel." 

Soon  after  his  ordination  he  took  charge  of  the 
church  at  James'  Island,  near  Charleston,  and, 
when  comfortably  settled,  he  visited  Philadelphia, 
and  took  back  with  him  to  his  Southern  home  a 


STILLMAN 


1108 


STILLMAN 


helpmeet  in  the  person  of  Miss  Morgan,  a  daughter 
of  Dr.  John  Morgan,  a  distinguished  surgeon  and 
professor  of  that  city. 

It  was  at  this  time  also  that  the  degi-ee  of  A.M. 
was  conferred  upon  him  by  the  College  of  Phila- 
delphia. He  received  the  same  honor  from  Har- 
vard University  in  1761. 

Upon  his  return  to  James'  Island  he  entered  with 
zealous  spirit  upon  the  duties  of  his  pastorate,  but 
his  labors  were  seriously  interfered  with  by  ill 
health.  After  a  year  and  a  half  of  unsatisfactory 
toil,  he  was  obliged  to  resign  his  charge,  and  went 
with  his  family  to  Bordentown,  N.  J.,  at  which 
place  he  preached  for  two  years.  In  October,  1763, 
he  received  an  invitation  from  the  Second  Baptist 
church  of  Boston  to  assist  their  pastor,  Rev.  James 
Bound,  whose  health  had  been  impaired  by  a  par- 
alytic affliction.  In  response  to  this  invitation,  he 
left  Bordentown,  became  Mr.  Bound's  assistant, 
and  continued  to  preach  for  the  Second  church 
until  November,  1764,  "v'hen  lie  accepted  an  in- 
vitation to  the  pastoral  offi€e  of  the  First  Baptist 
church,  made  vacant  by  the  resignation  of  Mr. 
Condy."  He  was  installed  pastor  of  this  church 
Jan.  9,  1765,  and  here  he  spent  the  remainder  of 
his  life.  Only  once  during  a  pastorate  of  forty-two 
years  was  he  away  from  his  church  for  any  great 
length  of  time.  "  During  the  occupancy  of  the 
town  by  the  British  troops,  in  1775,  the  church 
was  in  a  dispersed  condition,"  and  Dr  Stillman 
removed  his  family  to  -Philadelphia.  In  .June, 
1776,  however,  he  returned  to  his  post  of  duty, 
and  gathered  together  his  little  flock,  assembled 
them  in  their  house'of  worship,  and  continued 
regular  services  until  the  close  of  the  war.  During 
all  this  time  the  church  was  almost  the  only  one 
in  the  city  in  which  public  worship  was  held.  In 
passing,  be  it  observed,  that  this  meeting-house 
was,  in  1830,  "  taken  down,  removed,  and  rebuilt, 
with  a  new  find  neat  finish,"  and  became  the  prop- 
erty of  the  South  church. 

Dr.  Stillman's  ministry  ^yas  long  and  reniark- 
ably  successful.  Revivals  in  liis  church,  of  un- 
usual importance,  were  of  frequent  occurrence,  and 
became  the  subject  of  deep  interest  throughout  the 
country.  Especially  noticeable  were  the  outpour- 
ings of  grace  in  1804  and  1805,  and  the  Baptist 
Magazine  for  those  years  comments  upon  the  won- 
derful dignity  of  the  work. 

Throughout  his  long  pastorate  Dr.  Stillman  was 
not  at  any  time  a  hale,  hearty,  and  vigorous  man, 
and  yet  he  lived  to  be  the  last  of  his  contemporaries 
in  the  ministry  in  and  around  Boston.  For  a.  j'ear 
previous  to  his  death  he  had  looked  forward  to  that 
event,  and  even  desired  his  church  to  call  a  col- 
league, in  oi'der  that,  in  case  of  his  death,  they 
might  not  he  without  a  shepherd.  Nor  were  his 
apprehensions    groundless,    for   before    Mr.  Clay, 


whom  they  invited  to  assist  Dr.  Stillman,  had  com- 
pleted his  arrangements  for  leaving  his  church  in 
Georgia,  the  aged  warrior  passed  to  his  rest. 

Ills  last  sermon  was  from  Luke  xsiv.  50,  51,  and 
his  theme  was  "The  Saviour's  Ascension."  He 
had  preached  every- Sabbath  until  within  two  weeks 
of  his  death,  having  had  the  prayer  of  his  life  an- 
swered,— that  his  ministj-y  and  his  life  might  end 
together.  His  last  sickness  was  paralysis,  and  he 
lived  only  twelve  hours  after  receiving  the  stroke. 
He  died  on  the  12th  of  March,  1807,  and  on  the- 
Monday  following,  in  the  meeting-house  whefe  he 
had  preached  so  earnestly,  services  were  held  over 
his  remains,  at  which  his  old  and  dear  friend  and 
co-worker.  Dr.  Baldwin,  officiated.  The  last  words 
of  Dr.  Stillman  were,  "God's  government  is  infin- 
itely perfect." 

As  a  preacher,  Dr,  Stillman  had  few  peers  and 
no  superiors  in  New  England,  His  church  was 
frequently  visited  by  President  Adams.  Gen,  Knox, 
Gov.  Hancock,  and  men  of  like  .prominence.  While 
eminently  practical,  his  sermons  were  sound  in  doc- 
trine, ever  abounding  in  sketches  of  character  and 
striking  in  illustration.  "  Stirring,  eloquent,  pa- 
thetic, impassioned,  graceful,"  all  of  these  adjec- 
tives have  been  employed  by  his  friends  in  endeavor- 
ing to  describe  them. 

As  a  pastor,  he  was  untiring  in  his  devotion  to 
his  work,  declining  to  enter  upon  any  festivity  or 
social  pleasure  which  in  the  least  interfered  with 
his  duties  to  his  church.  His  own  private  interests 
were  ever  secondary  to  those  of  his  flock,  and  even 
for  persons  in  no  way  connected  with  his  ministry 
he  had  at  all  times  a  readj'  hearing  and  an  open 
hand. 

In  his  social  relations,  he  was  eminently  popu- 
lar, and  beloved,  afi'ectionate  in  his  manner,  of 
that  good-natured  temperament  which  never  fails 
to  win  the  hearts  of  others.  Attentive,  even  to  ex- 
cessive courtesy,  cultured  and  scholarly,  he  was  a 
man  of  whom  all  spoke  well  and  no  one  evil.  Dig- 
nified and  discreet,  he  was  yet  full  of  a  spiritual 
joyousness  that  was  exceedingly  refreshing  to  be- 
hold, and  he  was  never  out  of  the  reach  of  those 
who  claimed  his  interest  or  compassion. 

As  a  public  citizen,  he  had  at  heart  the  good  of 
his  country,  and  ho  was  never  deaf  to  the  calls  tliat 
were  made  upon  him  to  take  part  in  her  afl^airs, 
AVithout  being  a  partisan  in  bis  politics,  he  Wiis 
firm  in  his  convictions.  Among  his  numerous  ser- 
mons, published  at  diS'erent  times  from  1766  to 
1805,  may  be  mentioned  ''  A  Sermon  on  the  Repeal 
of  the  Stamp  Act."  1766;  ''A  Sermon  on  the  Gen- 
eral Election  in  Massachusetts,"  1779;  "Thoughts 
on  the  French  Revolution,"  1794;  all  of  which  re- 
veal the  deep  interest  which  the  author  felt  in  na- 
tional alTairs, 

It  may  be  said  of  Dr.  Stillman.  as  it  has  been 


STIMSON- 


1109 


STOCKBRIDGE 


siiiJ  of  few  men,  lie  showed  himself  "approved 
unto  God,  a  workman  that  ncedetli  not  to  be 
ashamed,  rightly  dividing  the  Word  of  truth." 

Stimson,  Samuel  M.,  D.D.,  was  horn  in  Win- 
chonilen,  Worcester  Co.,  Mass.,  Feb.  0,  1S15.  lie 
came  with  his  parents  into  Western  New  York  in 
1819.  He  was  baptized  in  1831,  and  became  a 
constituent  member  of  a  Free-Will  Baptist  church 
in  the  township  in  which  he  resided.  In  1834  he 
joined  the  Pendleton  Baptist  church.  He  was  li- 
censed to  preach  by  it  in  1840,  .and  at  once  set 
about  the  work  of  preparation.  Ho  studie<l  three 
years  in  the  best  schools  he  could  find  in  that  part 
of  the  country.  In  this  preparation  his  wife  was 
of  great  service.  He  w.as  ordained  by  the  Shelby 
Baptist  church  in  1843.  He  has  been  pastor  of  six 
diS'erent  churches, — Binghamton,  Batavia,  and 
Shelby,  N.  Y.,  Brighton,  Mass.,  and  Terro  Haute 
and  Vincennes,  liid.  He  was  in  IJatavia  eleven 
years,  in  Terre  Haute  eight  years.  At  the  close 
of  his  pastorate  in  Terre  Haute  he  took  an  e.xtended 
tour  through  Europe.  He  was  appointed  district 
secretary  of  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union 
in  1873,  which  oflBce  he  still  holds.  Ho  was  one 
year  president  of  the  Indiana  State  Convention. 
He  presides  with  ability,  and  is  attractive  in  his 
social  qualities. 

St.  Joseph  Female  College  is  located  at  St. 

Joseph.  Mo.  The  liuildiiig  cost  $100,()0().  It  is  on 
an  elevated  site  near  the  city,  and  the  location  is 
healthy.  The  course  of  instruction  is  thorough 
and  extensive.  T'he  president,  Rev.  E.  S.  Dulin, 
D.D.,  LL.D.,  is  a  man  of  large  experience,  and 
popular  as  a  teacher.  The  board  of  .trustees  is 
composed  of  leading  men  in  St.  Joseph,  and  in 
Missouri. 

St.  Louis  Seminary,  for  young  ladies,  is  lo- 
cated in  St.  Louis  County,  seven  miles  from  St. 
Louis.  Prof.  B.  T.  Blewett,  LL.D.,  is  principal. 
The  buildings  are  spacious  and  the  grounds  beau- 
tiful, overlooking  the  city  of  St.  Louis.  This  school 
is  a  Christian  home  for  young  ladies,  under  the 
management  of  most  experienced  teachers. 

St.  Louis,  the  Second   Baptist  Church  of, 

was  nearly  completed  when,  on  Jan.  3,  bST'J,  it  was 
destroyed  by  fire.  Not  discouraged  by  the  disaster, 
the  zealous  and  generous  community  for  whose 
worship  it  was  intended  immediately  commenced 
to  rebuild;  and  on  November  f)  of  that  y(>ar  their 
efi'orts  were  successful,  and  the  beautiful  structure 
was  solemnly  dedicated  to  the  worship  of  Almighty 
God. 

The  house  and  lot  cost  §218,000.  The  edifice 
scats  1300  persons.  The  building  is  free  from 
ddbt.  Dr.  AV.  AV.  Boyd  is  the  able  pastor  of  this 
intUunitial  church. 

Stockbridge,  John  Calvin,  D.D.,  was  born  in 

Yarn\()uth,  Me.,  June   14,    181S.     He  was  the  son 


of  Deacon  Calvin  Stockbridge,  of  the  firm  of  W. 
R.  &  C.  Stockbridge,  merchants,  doing  an  exten- 
sive business  in  Yarmouth,  and  warm  supporters 
of  the  Baptist  clinn^h  in  that  place.     He  was  fitted 


JOHN    CAl.VIN    STOC-KBIUDGE.    D.D. 

for  college  at  the  academy  in  his  native  village. 
Entered  Bowdoin  College  in  1833,  where  he  re- 
mained two  years,  and  was  out  of  college  part  of  a 
year.  He  became  a  member  of  the  Junior  class  in 
Brown  University  in  1836;  was  hopefully  con- 
verted in  his  Senior  year,  and  baptized  at  Yar- 
mouth in  August,  1838,  by  Rev.  Z.  Bradford  : 
graduated  September,  1838.  He  took  charge  of 
an  academy  in  Cuinmington,  Mass.,  for  six  months, 
and  then  became  principal  of  the  Ladies'  Seminary 
in  Warren,  R.  I.,  which  position  he  filled  for  two 
and  a  half  years.  In  the  autumn  of  1841  he  entered 
the  Newton  Theological  Institution,  and  took  the 
full  three  years'  course.  He  was  called  to  the  pas- 
torate of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Waterville, 
Me.,  in  September,  1844,  and  was  ordained  Jan.  8, 
1845,  Prof  J.  R.  Looinis,  now  ex-President  Loomis, 
late  of  Lewisburg  University,  being  ordained  at 
the  same  time.  He  remained  jiastor  of  the  Water- 
ville church  three  j'ears.  when  he  resigned  and  ac- 
cepted a  call  to  the  Baptist  church  in  Woburn, 
Mass.  His  ministry  in  this  place  was  greatly 
blessed,  and  large  accessions  were  made  to  the 
church.  At  the  end  of  five  years  he  was  invited 
to  take  charge  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.,  during  the  absence  of  its  pastor.  Rev. 
Dr.  Granger,  who,  with  I{ev.  Dr.  Peck,  had  been  ap- 
pointed as  a  deputation  to  visit  the  stations  of  the 


SECON 


D  BArnsT  cm  ucii.  st.  h< 


STOCKBRIDGE 


nil 


STODDARD 


Missionary  Union  in  the  i];ist.  He  entered  upon  iiis 
work  in  Septeuiljer,  lcSr)2.  Before  tlie  return  of  Dr. 
Grander  he  received  a  call  from  the  Charles  Street 
Baptist  church,  Boston,  to  take  the  place  made 
vacant  hy  the  death  of  Rev.  Dr.  vSharp.  He  ac- 
cepted it,  and  was  puhlicly  rccojinized  as  pastor 
Oct.  23,  isr)3.  He  reinainecl  in  tliis  position  until 
the  last  Sabbath  in  May,  IStH.  For  a  year  or  two 
lie  supplied  different  churches,  and  for  nearly  two 
years  was  pastor  of  the  Gary  Avenue  church  in 
Chelsea,  Mass.  Impaired  healtli  led  him  to  give 
up  all  ministerial  work  and  for  si.x  months  to  travel 
in  Europe,  lleturtiitij;  home,  he  accepted  a  call  to 
the  Free  Street  Baptist  church  in  Portland,  Me., 
and  he  commenced  his  labors  Nov.  i,  18G5.  In 
the  autumn  of  IStiT  he  removed  to  Providence,  to 
take  char<;e  of  a  young  ladies'  private  school,  of 
which  Prof.  J.  L.  Lincoln  had  been  the  principal 
for  eight  years,  and  continued  in  this  position  for 
ten  years,  preaching  nearly  the  wliole  of  this  time, 
and  acting  as  pastor  of  the  Third  Baptist  church 
in  Providence  between  two  and  three  years.  The 
honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  con- 
ferred on  Dr.  Stockbridge  by  Harvard  College  in 
1859.  He  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  corpora- 
tion of  Brown  University  in  l.Sob.  He  compiled 
the  memoirs  of  Rev.  Baron  Stow,  D.D.,  has  written 
articles  for  the  Christian  Review  and  the  Bihliotkeca 
Sacra,  and  has  been  a  constant  contributor  to  the 
religious  and  secular  press.  His  travels  in  Europe 
have  att'orded  him  themes  for  lectures,  which  he 
has  delivered  in  various  cities  and  villages  in  the 
United  States.  llis  residence  is  in  Providence, 
R.  I. 

Stockbridge,  Joseph,  D.D.,  U.S.X.,  was  born 

in  Yarmoutli,  .Mc,  in  hSll.  He  pursued  his  pre- 
paratory studies  at  the  academy  in  his  native  vil- 
lage, and  was  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin  College  in  the 
class  of  1830.  He  studied  law  at  the  Harvard  Law 
School,  and  practised  his  profession  for  a  few  years 
in  his  native  State,  and  then  took  up  his  residence 
in  New  York,  where  he  Ijecaine  a  Christian.  Having 
decided  to  enter  the  ministry,  he  spent  two  years 
at  the  Newton  Theological  Institution.  Among 
iiis  classmates  there  were  Rev.  Drs.  .V.  II.  (Jranger, 
G.  W.  Samson,  II.  G.  Weston,  and  President 
M.B.Anderson,  of  Rochester  University.  Having 
received  an  appointment  as  chaplain  in  the  U.  S. 
navy,  he  was  ordained  in  New  York  in  1X42,  tlie 
sermon  being  preache(l  by  Rev.  Dr.  William  R. 
Williams,  from  the  appropriate  te.xt.  Acts  x.xvii. 
24,  '■  God  hath  given  thee  all  them  that  sail  with 
thee."'  In  the  discharge  of  his  official  duties  Dr, 
Stockbridge  has  visited  many  parts  of  the  earth, 
and  occupied  several  stations  as  chaplain  on  land. 
He  has  also  had  intimate  connections  with  the 
public  press,  both  religious  and  secular.  As  a  cor- 
respondent of  The  Watrhman,  under  the  signature 


of  "  Mallah,"'  he  has  furnished  a  large  amount  of 
matter,  especially  in  the  form  of  interesting  and 
instructive  letters  from  foreign  lands.  He  has 
made  himself  especially  conspicuous  in  resisting 
the  tendency  to  appoint  so  many  cha|:)Iains  from 
the  clergy  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  claiming  that 
under  a  government  having  no  state  church  the 
leading  denominations  of  Christians  may  reasonably 
demand  a  proper  share  of  representation  among  the 
chaplains  of  the  navy.  In  18C8  he  received  the 
degree  of  D.l).  from  the  University  of  ^V'estern 
Pennsylvania.  He  is  now  ( 1S81)  in  Europe,  having 
been  placed  on  the  retired  list. 

Stocks,  Judge  Thomas,  a  most  useful  and  in- 
flu(Mitial  Baptist  deacon,  was  born  Feb.  1,  17<S6,  in 
an  Indian  fort  in  Greene  Co.,  Ga.  His  father  died 
ten  years  after,  and  he  was  brought  up  by  an  uncle. 
In  1807  he  married  and  settled  in  Greene  County. 
In  1813  he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Geor- 
gia, in  which  he  served  twenty  years,  eight  as  a 
representative  and  twelve  as  a  senator,  acting  as 
president  of  the  senate  for  eight  years.  For  thirty- 
two  years  he  was  judge  of  the  Inferior  Court  of 
Greene  Co.  He  was  converted  in  1826,  united  with 
the  church,  and  ever  after  continued  an  earnest, 
zealous,  liberal,  and  influential  Baptist.  He  was 
appointed  on  the  executive  committee,  in  1829,  to 
raise  the  money  for  founding  Mercer  Institute,  and 
was  largely  instrumental  in  its  establishment.  For 
ten  years,  from  1847  to  1856,  inclusive,  he  was 
president  of  the  Baptist  State  Convention  ;  for 
years  he  was  a  trustee  of  Mercer  University  ;  and 
few  men  in  tiie  denomination  did  more  than  he  to 
advance  education,  nnssions,  and  the  Baptist  cause 
generally  in  the  State.  He  died  at  his  old  home'n 
Greene  County,  greatly  beloved  and  highly  ven- 
erated by  the  whole  detumiination. 

Stockwell,  Deacon  E.  R.,  is  one  of  the  most 
widely  known  and  influential  Baptist  laymen  in 
California.  He  was  born  of  Baptist  parents,  Dec. 
13,  1814,  at  Jamaica,  Vt. ;  removed  to  Stockton, 
Cal.,  at  an  early  day  ;  united  with  tlis  church  by 
baptism  in  1857  ;  elected  deacon  in  1858  ;  has  been 
church  treasurer  and  clerk  many  years,  treasurer 
of  San  Francisco  Association  twelve  years,  sui)er- 
intendent  of  Sunday-school  and  deacon  of  cliurch 
twenty-one  years,  member  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee of  the  State  Sunday-School  Convention 
eleven  years,  and  is  a  generous  lienefactor  and 
helper  of  every  good  work.  He  has  ))een  a  mi  •- 
cessfiil  merchant,  and  endeavors  to  live  as  a  (a.ili- 
ful  steward.  It  is  his  great  delight  to  engage  in 
revivals  and  to  lead  sinners  to  Christ. 

Stoddard,  Rev.  I.  J.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  ls2it. 

in  Eden,  N.  Y.  ;  enteretl  the  preparatory  depari- 
ment  of  Madison  University  in  1839  ;  gradiiaied 
from  college  in  1845,  and  from  the  theological  de- 
partment in    1847.      He  and    his   wife  sailed   lor 


STONE 


1112 


STONE 


Assam  N*^/.  3,  1847.  They  were  assigned  to  Now- 
gong,  with  special  reference  to  the  educational  in- 
stitution there,  but  Mr.  Stoddard  also  preached  ex- 
tensively. Ill  liealth  compelled  a  return  to  America 
in  1856.  He  has  rendered. important  service  in  the 
West  to  foreign  missions,  and  also  to  the  Central 
University  at  Pella, .  Iowa,  where  Mrs.  Stoddard 
was  chosen  principal  of  the  ladies'  department  in 
1858.  In  186G,  leaving  their  children  in  America, 
they  sailed  again  for  Assam,  expecting  to  spend 
the  rest  of  their  lives  in  that  land.  They  were 
stationed  at  Gowahati,  but  when  that  wonderful 
work  commenced  among  the  Garos,  Mr.  Stoddard 
removed  to  Golvalpara,  where  he  gathered  many 
souls  to  Christ  from  that  wild  people,— a  work  not 
excelled  up  to  that  time  in  any  of  our  mission  fields. 
Ill  health  in  1S71  again  compelled  Mrs.  Stoddard's 
return  to  America,  and  for  the  same  reason,  a  few 
years  later,  Mr.  Stoddard  was  obliged  to  give  up 
his  work  and  retui-n  to  his  native  land.  Though 
in  feeble  health  he  continued  to  do  good  service  for 
the  cause  of  Christ.  He  resides  at  Pella,  Iowa, 
and  though  unable  to  engage  in  any  continuous 
labor,  he  feels  the  same  interest  in  the  foi'eign  mis- 
sion work  which  pi'Ompted  a  consecration  of  his 
life  to  it  nearly  forty  years  ago. 

Stone,  George  Marvin,  D.D.,  son  of  Marvin 
E.  and  Hannah  (West)  Stone,  was  born  at  Strongs- 
ville,  0.,  Dec.  10,  1^34 ;  converted  in  Cleveland, 
0.,  in  the  meetings  of  the  Second  Baptist  church, 
Rev.  J.  Hyatt  Smith,  pSstor,  and  "  Uncle  John 
Vassar,  missionary,"  in  1853;  studied  at  Williston 
Seminary,  Easthampton,  Mass.,  in  1854;  entered 
iMadison  University,  and  graduated  in  1858 ;  studied 
for  the  ministry  in  Hamilton  Theological  Seminary ; 
settled  in  Danbury,  Conn.,  and  was  ordained  in 
September,  1800;  served  this  church  seven  years, 
and  in  the  last  yea,r  baptized  more  than  ninety  per- 
sons ;  in  September,  1867,  settled  with  First  Bap- 
tist church  in  Winona,  Minn. ;  served  it  success- 
fully two  years  ;  in  1870  became  pastor  of  the  Jef- 
ferson Street  Baptist  church,  in  Milwaukee,  Wis.; 
was  prospered  for  three  and  a  half  years  ;  Septem- 
ber, 1873,  settled  with  First  Baptist  church  in  Tar- 
rytown,  N.  Y. ;  served  seven  years  with  marked 
honor;  made  public  Bible-reading  a  specialty  and 
a  power;  in  June,  1879,  settled  with  the  Asylum 
Avenue  Baptist  church  in  Hartford,  Conn. ;  re- 
ceived in  1872,  from  Chicago  University,  the  hon- 
orary degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity.  He  fills  most 
worthily  a  prominent  place  in  the  ministry. 

Stone,  James  R.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Westbor- 
ough,  jMiiss.,  in  ISIS.  Ilis  fatiier  was  of  Puritan 
stock.  His  mother's  father,  James  Ilawes.  was 
the  first  person  baptized  in  Westborougli.  When 
lie  was  three  or  four  years  old  his  father  removed 
to  Providence,  R.  I.  In  a  diary  kept  by  his  grand- 
mother may  be  found  this  entry,  made  while  he 


was  yet  a  'child  :  "  My  son  Thomas  and  his  wife 
and  children  are  with  us  to-night;  and  after  the 
little  ones  were  asleep  I  went  to  their  bedside,  and 
kneeling  down,  with  my  hands  on  their  heads, 
prayed  for  their  early  conversion  to  God,  and  that 
the  Lord  would  make  James  a  minister  of  the 
gospel."  Her  prayer  was  answered,  for  no  sooner 
did  he  give  himself  to  the  Master  than  he  began 
to  wish  that  he  might  become  a  minister.  He  was 
baptized  in  1833  by  the  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church,  Rev.  R.  E.  Pattison,  D.D.  His  purpose  ' 
was  to  complete  a  course  of  study  in  Brown  Uni- 
versity and  Newton  Theological  Seminary,  but, 
after  two  years'  study  at  Brown,  he  was  obliged  to 
leave. 

He  taught  a  select  school  in  Woonsocket,  R.  I., 
and  afterwards  went  to  Wickford.  R.  I.,  to  take 
charge  of  Washington  Academy.  While  here  he 
occasionally  supplied  the  church,  and  at  length  be- 
came the  pastor  of  the  Wickford  church.  He  was 
ordained  in  1839,  Rev.  John  Dowling,  D.D.,  preach- 
ing the  sermon.  Years  subsequentlj^  he  was  called 
•to  the  pastorate  of  the  Stewart  Street  church,  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.,  and  spent  several  years  in  the  work 
there. 

He  has  had  pastorates  in  Connecticut,  New  York, 
Pennsylvania,  and  Rhode  Island,  and  was  also  for 
two  years  principal  of  the  academy  at  Worcester, 
Mass.  In  1864  he  accepted  a  district  secretarj-ship 
from  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society  for 
AVest  Virginia,  Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Michigan,  and 
proved  himself  a  most  earnest  worker.  In  1869 
he  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Fort 
Wayne,  Ind.,  where,  '•  having  obtained  help  of  God, 
he  continues  unto  this  day." 

He  has  been  several  times,  and  is  now,  president 
of  the  Indiana  Baptist  State  Convention.  He  is 
also  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  for  the 
In'diana  State  University. 

Stone,  E.ev.  Luther,  is  a  descendant  in  the 
sixth  generation  from  Gregory  Stone,  who  came  to 
Massacliusetts  in  1634.  He  was  born  at  Oxford, 
near  Worcester,  Sept,  26,  1S15.  At  the  age  of 
sixteen  he  was  employed  as  a  teacher  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  own  town,  acquiring  meantime  con- 
siderable proficiency  in  such  studies  as  astronomy, 
natural  philosophy,  and  survej"ing.  About  this 
time  he  experienced  religion,  and  entering  Leices- 
ter Acadcnn%  began  his  preparation  for  college.  He 
entered  Brown  University  in  1835,  graduating  in 
1839.  Thence  he  went  to  Newton  Theological  In- 
stitution, where  he  graduated  in  1842.  Declin- 
ing the  offer  of  teacher  in  a  Southern  univer- 
sity, he  determined  to  becon)e  a  self-supporting 
missionary  in  the  great  Mississippi  Valley.  Re- 
ceiving ordination  Oct,  3,  1843,  he  started  for  the 
West,  and  reached  the  great  river  in  IMaj',  1844, 
Making  his  headquarters  at  Burlington,  Davenport, 


STONE 


1113 


STORRS 


and  Rock  Island,  he  preached  in  the  surrounding 
country,  travelinff  over  4U()I)  miles  to  meet  his  ap- 
pointments during  tlie  first  year.  The  second  year 
he  spent  on  Ilock  River  from  its  mouth  into  Wis- 
consin. There  being  great  need  of  a  Baptist  paper 
for  the  West,  he  determined  to  undertake  that 
enterprise,  and  Aug.  10,  1847,  he  began  the  issue 
at  Chicago  of  a  weekly  called  The  Watchman  of 
the  Prairies.  In  1853  he  transferred  the  proprie- 
torship of  the  paper  to  those  who  have  since  con- 
ducted it,  as  the  oldest  religious  weekly  in  the 
Northwest.  In  1863  he  was  an  original  trustee 
and  the  first  secretary  of  the  Baptist  Theological 
Union  at  Chicago.  Subsequently,  by  purchasing 
the  grounds  and  buildings  of  the  University  of 
l)es  Moines,  he  was  enabled  to  render  useful  service 
to  that  institution  at  a  time  of  a  financial  crisis  in 
its  affairs.  Tlie  years  lS()t)-(J8  he  spent  in  Europe, 
and  since  liis  return  devotes  himself  to  the  care  of 
his  personal  estate,  and  to  study  in  various  depart- 
ments of  religious  and  general  culture. 

Stone,  Marsena,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Homer, 
N.  Y.,  Jan.  Ii7,  1810;  converted  under  the  minis- 
try of  Rev.  Alfred  Bennett  in  1830,  and,  after  two 
years  of  hesitation  and  self-examination,  was  bap- 
tized at  Manlius,  N.  Y.,  by  Rev.  Charles  Morton  ;  he 
spent  some  time  at  Hamilton.  In  1837  he  entered 
the  ministry,  and  became  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Mendon,  N.  Y.,  where  he  remained  until  1840, 
when  he  went  to  Mount  Morris,  N.  Y'^.,  and  was 
pastor  for  five  years.  After  a  short  interval  spent 
in  the  service  of  the  New  York  Baptist  Education 
Society  and  in  supplying  the  church  at  Eaton,  in 
October,  1847,  he  went  to  Norwich,  N.  Y.,  and  was 
pastor  there  until  18r)"i,  when  he  was  called  to  take 
charge  of  the  English  course  in  Fairmount  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  Cincinnati,  0.  This  position  he 
resigned  in  1856,  and  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Lebanon,  0.,  where  he  remained  five 
years.  From  1861  to  1868  he  was  principal  of  the 
Young  Ladies'  Institute  and  Professor  of  Theology 
at  Granville,  0.  In  186S-6',),  through  the  munifi- 
cence of  Hon.  J.  M.  Iloyt  and  Mr.  E.  Thresher,  be 
spent  a  year  holding  ministers'  institutes  in  Ohio 
and  other  States.  From  1869  to  1872  he  was  pas- 
tor at  Marietta,  0.  In  1872  he  was  sent  South  by 
the  Home  Mission  Society  to  liold  institutes  among 
the  colored  preachers.  He  spent  one  year  at  Shaw 
University,  Haleigh,  N.  C,  and  two  years  at  Lelaiul 
University,  New  Orleans,  La.  In  1878  retired  to 
Lebanon,  0.,  where  he  now  resides. 

Dr.  Stone  has  done  much  hard  and  good  work, 
and  is  worthily  regarded  as  one  of  the  strongest 
men  of  his  adopted  State.  He  takes  an  active  part 
in  the  educational  and  other  work  of  the  denomina- 
tion in  Ohio,  and  is  ever  ready,  notwithstanding  the 
weight  of  years,  to  perform  his  full  share  of  service 
for  Christ. 

n 


Stone,  0.  B.,  D.L.,  was  born  at  Homer,  N.  Y., 
Sept.  24,  1823.  lii  the  fellowship  of  that  church 
he  was  baptized  while  still  l)ut  a  youth,  and  by  it 
also  he  was  licensed.  He  was  ordained,  in  1852, 
at  Xenia,  0.  Having  served  the  church  there  as 
pastor  some  two  years,  he  went  to  California,  under 
appointment  of  the  Home  Mission  Society.  Four 
years  he  was  pastor  at  Nevada  City  and  five  years 
at  San  Jos6.  Returning  East,  he  served  three 
years  as  district  secretary  of  the  Home  Mission 
Society  in  New  York.  His  sulisequent  pastorates 
have  been  three  years  at  LaCayette,  Itid..  two  years 
at  Rockford,  111.,  four  at  Marengo  and  four  at 
Bloomington,  in  the  same  State.  His  health  and 
that  of  his  wife  having  failed,  he  is  not  now  in  ser- 
vice, though  residing  at  Bloomington.  Dr.  Stone 
was  a  graduate  of  Madison  University  and  of  the 
Rochester  Theological  Seminary.  He  has  held 
important  positions  in  connection  with  educational 
organizations,  as  a  member  of  the  boards  of  the 
university  and  seminary  at  Chicago  and  of  Shurt- 
leff  College.  While  his  health  permitted  his  labors 
were  constant,  al)nndant,  and  fruitful.  As  preacher 
and  pastor  he  ranks  with  the  foremost  in  the 
West. 

Storrs,  Rev.  William,  now  of  Belmont.  Alle- 
gany Co.,  N.  Y.,  was  born  in  the  town  of  Worces- 
ter, Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  20,  1810.  He  obtained 
hope  in  the  Saviour  when  he  was  about  eight  years 
old.  In  his  eleventh  year  he  first  had  a  desire  to 
preach  the  gospel,  and  this  has  been  a  prevailing 
inclination  throughout  his  life.  In  April,  1827,  his 
father  removed  his  family  to  Franklinville,  Catta- 
raugus Co.  March  27,  1831,  he,  with  others,  was 
baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  EUicottville,  Cattaraugus  Co.,  by  Elder  Ebenezer 
Vining.  April  18,  1841.  he  received  a  license  from 
the  East  Worcester  church  to  preach.  He  com- 
menced the  work  of  his  life  that  spring  in  the 
meeting-house  in  East  Worcester,  where,  twenty 
years  before,  he  first  felt  a  desire  to  preach. 
March  8,  1843,  he  was  ordained  in  the  Baptist 
church  in  Cherry  Valley.  During  the  thirty-eight 
years  of  his  ministry  he  has  been  pastor  of  the  fol- 
lowing Baptist  churches:  Lodi,  Bern,  Knox,  Friend- 
ship, Humphrey,  Oramel,  Belfast,  Hermitage,  Rich- 
burg,  West  Almond,  N.  Y.,  and  Ulysses,  Pa.  He 
has  been  engaged  in  several  revivals,  in  some  of 
which  the  number  reclaimed,  with  those  wiio  pro- 
fessed conversion,  amounted  to  a  hundred  or  more. 
In  1861  he  joined  the  Union  army,  and  is  now  a 
chaplain  in  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.  He 
is  descended  from  Puritan  ancestors  in  England. 
In  consequence  of  religious  intolerance,  Samuel 
Storrs  came  to  Barnstable,  Mass.,  about  1663. 
About  1698  ho  removed  to  Mansfield,  Conn.,  and 
became  one  of  the  nine  constituent  members  of  the 
First   Congregatioiuil    church,    from    whom    there 


STOW 


1114 


srouT 


has  been  a  line  of  ministers  reaching. down  to  the 
present  time.  From  him  Mr.  Storrs  is  descended. 
Tliough  sprung  from  men  who  showed  their  loyalty  , 
to  Christ  in  times  of  trial  in  the  Old  World  and  in 
the  New,  and  who  exhibited  fidelity  to  patriotism 
at  Bunker  Hill  and  elsewhere,  he  glories  chiefly  in 
,  ills  sonship  to  God  through  the  blood  of  Calvary. 

Stott,  William  T.,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Vernon, 
Ind.,  March  22,  1830.  In  1861  he  graduated  at 
Franklin  College,  Ind.,  having  during  his  college 
course  supported  himself  by  his  own  exertions, 
wliile  maintaining  a  high  standing  in  his  studies. 
In  August,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  the  army,  and  was 
gradually  promoted,  until  he  became  captain  of 
Co.  I,  18th  Ind.  Vols.  He  took  part  in  fifteen  bat- 
tles, and  comm.anded  his  regiment  in  the  battle  of 
Cedar  Creek.  In  1865  he  entered  Rochester  Theo- 
logical Seminary  to  prepare  himself  for  the  Chris- 
tian ministry,  graduating  in  1868.  He  was  for  a 
year  pastor  of  the  church  in  Coluuibus,  Ind.  In 
1869  he  accepted  the  chair  of  Natural  Science  in 
Franklin  College,  and  in  1872  he  became  president 
of  this  institution.  In  the  several  positions  which 
he  has  held  he  has  exhibited  breadth,  clearness, 
fidelity,  perseverance,  and  a  high  moral  purpose. 
In  1873  he  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Kala- 
mazoo College,  Mich.' 

Stott,  Rev.  William  T.,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Wood- 
ford Co.,  Ky.,  in  1789.  He  was  converted  at  the 
age  of  thirteen,  and.  joined  the  Salt  River  Baptist 
church.  He  came  to  Indiana  in  1815,  and  was  one 
of  the  constituent  members  of  the  Vernon  church. 
He  was  pastor  of  this  church  about  fifty  years. 
He  always  took  a  deep  interest  in  the  civil  govern- 
ment, never  allowing  an  election  of  importance  to 
occur  without  depositing  his  ballot.  He  was  a  man 
of  great  social  power,  and  a  preacher  of  marked 
ability  in  his  prime.  He  was  very  familiar  with 
the  AVord  of  God,  and  hence  was  immovable  in  his 
religious  beliefs.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of 
1812.  He  and  Rev.  John  Vtiuter  surveyed  the  first 
road  laid  out  from  Madison  to  Indianapolis.  About 
1000  persons,  according  to  his  own  estimate,  were 
converted  under  his  preaching  and  baptized  by  hiui. 
He  was  unconscious  several  weeks  during  his  last 
illness,  but  he  had  one  hour  of  consciousness,  in 
which  he  related  his  Christian  experience,  gave 
cheering  words  to  each  one  that  stood  around  him, 
and  then  suddenly  lapsed  into  unconsciousness 
again.  He  died  April  14,  1877,  and  was  buried 
from  the  church  that  he  had  helped  to  constitute 
sixty-one  years  before. 

Stough,  Rev.  A.  S.,  was  born  in  Germany  in 
1827;  was  educated  for  the  Catholic  priesthood; 
was  baptized  in  Norfolk,  Va.,  in  1847  ;  read  the- 
ology for  two  years  with  Dr.  Geo.  AV.  Purcfoy  and 
began  to  preach  •,  is  a  successful  pastor  ;  has  been 
for  some  years  in  charge  of  the  church  at  Shelbj', 


and  moderator  of  the  King's  Mountain  Associa- 
tion. 

Stout,  Charles  B.,  was  bom  at  Flemington, 
N.  J.,in  1824;  spent  his  youth  in  New  Brunswick; 
became  an  active  member  of  the  Stanton  Street  Bap- 
tist church.  New  York;  has  been  for  years  connected 
with  the  First  or  with  the  Remsen  Avenue  church  in 
New  Brunswick.  He  is  the  author  of  several  books, 
which  have  had  an  extensive  sale ;  was  one  of  the 
first  to  use  the  blackboard  in  Sunday-schools,  and  is 
widely  known  in  the  Sunday-school  work  {\3  an 
able  speaker  and  contributor  to  the  magazines. 

Stout,  Rev.  David  Bishop,  was  born  in  Hope- 
well, N.  J.,  in  the  year  1810  :  was  ordained  a  min- 
ister, and  settled  in  a  joint  pastorate  over  the 
churches  at  Lambertville  and  Ilarborton  in  the 
year  1832.  After  five  years"  active  and  successful 
labor  on  these  fields  he  was  called  to  take  charge 
of  the  ancient  church  at  Middletown,  where  he 
settled  in  April,  1837,  and  where  he  remained  and 
labored  as  pastor  till  his  death*  a  period  of  thirty- 
eight  years.  The  forty-three  years  of  his  minis- 
'terial  life  and  labors  were  all  spent  in  his  native 
State,  and  in  two  pastorates.  Few  men  have  ever 
been  more  devoted  to  the  Lord's  work,  and  few 
have  received  larger  measures  of  success. 

Brother  Stout  was  a  constituent  member  of  the 
State  Convention,  being  present  at  its  organization 
in  1830,  and  was  axi  active  worker  and  wise  coun- 
selor in  all  its  operations  from  the  first  till  the  day 
of  his  death.  As  a  preacher,  he  was  eminently 
Scriptural,  trusting  to  the  Spirit  to  make  the  Word 
successful.  This  jn'inciple  of  his  ministry  made 
him  sound  in  doctrine,  able  in  counsel,  discreet  and 
wise  as  a  minister  of  Jesus  Christ  in  every  sphere 
of  life. 

He  died  jMay  17,  1S74,  having  baptized  during 
his  pastorate  of  the  oldest  Baptist  church  in  the 
State  639  professed  believers. 

Stout,  Rev.  John. — From  the  beginning  of 
Brother  Stout's  ministry,  at  Newberry,  S.  C,  in 
1870,  he  took  a  prominent  part  in  all  our  religions 
enterprises,  especially  State  missions.  For  several 
years  past  he  has  rendered  very  efficient  service 
in  organizing  and  conducting  Woman's  Mission 
Societies.  He  was  born  in  Mobile,  Ala.,  in  1842, 
being  a  son  of  Rev.  Piatt  Stout.  He  served  in  the 
Confederate  army  during  the  war,  -vvhich  much  re- 
tarded his  education.  After  the  close  of  the  war  he 
removed  to  Darlington  Co.,  S.  C,  where  he  learned 
to  know  Him  whom  to  know  is  life  eternal,  and  at 
once  determined  to  preach  the  unsearchable  riches 
of  Christ.  Preparatory  to  this  he  entered  Furraan 
University,  in  1867,  and  the  Southern  Baptist  The- 
ological Seminary,  then  at  Greenville,  S.  C,  in 
1868.  He  spent  three  years  in  the  seminary,  com- 
pleting the  entire  course  except  one  study.  lie 
pursued  this  afterwards,  and  received  a  full  dipknna 


STOrr 


1115 


STOW 


in  1872.  lie  became  pastor  of  the  Newberry 
church  during  his  SRininary  courso,  and  settled 
there  on  leaving  Greenville,  in  1871.  In  1S74  he 
removed  to  Darlington,  and  became  pastor  of  the 
old  Welsh  Neck  church,  and  still  occupies  that 
position.  There  iias  been  nothing  remarkable  in 
liis  life  except  regular,  consistent,  and  successful 
service  in  the  various  departments  of  the  Master's 
work.     A  star  is  better  than  a  meteor. 

Stout,  Rev.  Piatt. — For  want  of  facts  in  his 
life  the  writer  can  only  mention  the  name  of  Mr. 
Stout,  one  of  the  best  and  most  useful  ministers 
of  Alabama.  lie  lived  to  old  age,  and  died  in 
Wctumiika  several  years  ago.  lie  was  famous  for 
distinguished  piety,  burning  zeal,  wise  judgment, 
and  rare  ability.  The  gifted  Rev.  John  Stout,  of 
South  (/arolina,  is  his  son. 

Stout,  Rev.  Thomas  H.,  was  bom  at  Orange 
Court-llouse,  Va.,  July  2.'i,  1835;  baptized  in  Ken- 
tucky in  1852;  in  1854  he  began  to  preach,  and 
entered  Mercer  University,  Ga.,  as  a  student;  has 
spent  several  years  as  teacher  in  Georgia;  was  a 
soldier  and  a  chaplain  for  some  time  during  the 
late  war.  From  1862  to  1867  he  was  the  successful 
pastor  at  Blakely.  In  1867  he  became  president 
of  the  Baptist  Female  College  of  North  Georgia; 
at  the  same  time  he  was  pastor  of  various  churches. 
In  186!)  he  became  pastor  at  Lumpkin  ;  in  1872  at 
Thomaston  ;  in  1878  at  Talbotton  and  other  neigh- 
boring churches.  In  January,  1879,  lie  accepted 
the  pastorate  of  the  First  church  in  the  city  of 
Troy,  Ala.,  and  there,  as  in  Georgia,  his  labors  arc 
being  honored  with  success.  Six  years  he  was 
clerk  of  the  Rehoboth  Association,  and  seven  years 
of  the  Georgia  State  Convention.  He  received  th(! 
degree  of  A.M.  from  Mercer  University  in  1873. 
He  is  an  active  and  able  minister  of  Christ. 

Stovall,  Rev.  A.  T.,  a  useful  minister  in  North- 
east IMississippi,  was  born  in  Tennessee  in  1809; 
removed  to  Alabama,  where  he  began  to  preach  in 
1841  ;  during  his  stay  in  Alabama  he  served  the 
following  churches  near  his  home  in  Lawrence 
County,  viz. :  Town  Creek,  Moulton,  Macedonia, 
and  Courtland.  He  removed  to  Mississippi  in 
1852,  and  settled  near  Tupelo,  in  the  northejustem 
part  of  the  State,  where  he  spent  the  remainder  of 
Ills  life  preaching  to  churches  in  the  surrounding 
country.  He  aided  in  the  organization  of  Judson 
Association,  and  was  its  moderator  a  number  of 
years.  He  died  July  4,  1872,  much  respected  by 
those  among  whom  he  had  lived. 

Stow,  Baron,  D.D.,  one  of  the  most  eloquent 
and  successful  ministers  of  the  denomination  of 
which  he  was  so  distinguished  an  ornament,  was 
born'in  Croydon,  N.  H.,  June  IG,  1801,  and  spent 
his  early  youth  on  the  farm  of  his  father.  When 
but  a  child  he  began  to  show  what  his  tastes  were. 
By  the  roadside,  near  the  house  of  his  father,  was 


a  boulder,  which,  from  its  peculiar  construction, 

was  called  "  the  pulpit.'"  Taking  possession  of 
tills  pulpit,  the  })oy-preaclier  would  draw  around 
him  a  crowd  of  his  associates,  and,  as  our  fathers 


llARON    STOW,  D.D. 

were  wont  to  say,  "exercised  his  gifts"  quite  to 
tiie  admiration  of  his  listening  friends.  He  was 
fitted  for  college  at  the  academy  in  Newport,  N.  H., 
and  became  a  member  of  Columbian  College, 
Washington,  D.  (!.,  in  Sejitembcr,  1822,  where  he 
had  among  his  instructors  Dr.  Irah  Chace,  Dr.  Alva 
Woods,  Thomas  Sewell,  M.D.,  Dr.  R.  Babcock, 
Prof.  J.  D.  Knowles,  Prof.  T.  J.  Conant,  and  Dr. 
R.  E.  Pattison.  Close  attention  to  his  studies 
enabled  him  to  complete  the  entire  course  of  the 
prescribed  curriculum  in  a  little  more  than  three 
years.  Mr.  Stow  acted  as  editor  of  the  Columbian 
Star,  the  organ  of  the  Triennial  Convention,  during 
the  latter  part  of  his  college  course,  and  continued 
to  hold  that  position  for  more  than  a  year. 

He  received  a  call  to  become  the  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Portsmouth,  N.  II.,  and  was  or- 
dained Oct.  24,  1827,  his  ordination  sermon  having 
been  preached  by  Rev.  R.  Babcock,  then  pastor  of 
the  First  Baptist  church,  Salem,  Mass.  Ilis  min- 
istry in  Portsmouth  was  from  the  outset  eminently 
successful.  The  church  grew  in  numbers  and 
strength,  and  were  obliged  to  make  provision  for  a 
larger  house  of  worship,  and  their  present  edifice 
in  Middle  Street  was  built,  and  dedicated  Sept.  24, 
1828.  More  than  one  invitation  of  a  most  urgent 
character  was  extended  to  him  to  remove  to  what 
were  considered  more  inviting  fields  of  ministerial 


STOW 


1116 


STOWE 


labor,  l)ut  he  declined  all  such  overtures.  For  five 
years,  dating  from  his  ordination,  he  continued  at 
the  post  whicli  Providence  seemed  to  have  assigned 
to  liini. 

The  pulpit  of  the  Baldwin  Place  church  iti  Bos- 
ton having  become  vacant,  the  thouglits  of  tlie 
church  were  turned  at  once  to  Portsmouth,  and 
Mr.  Stow  received  a  hearty  invitation  to  l)ecome  its 
pastor.  Obeying  what  seemed  to  him  to  be  the  call 
of  his  Master,  he  decided  to  remove  to  Boston.  He 
was  installed  as  pastor  Nov.  15,  1832.  If  his  min- 
istry in  Portsmouth  had  been  followed  with  great 
success,  still  more  prosperous  was  it  atthe  North 
End  in  Boston.  At  the  close  of  the  year  1837  he 
preached  that  remarkable  sermon  from  the  text, 
"  Boast  not  thyself  of  to-morrow,  for  thou  knowest 
not  what  a  day  may  bring  forth,"  the  traditions  of 
the  wonderful  results  of  which  lingered  for  many 
a  year  in  Boston.  More  than  one  hundred  persons 
referred  to  tiiat  discourse  as  the  means  of  their 
awakening  and  conversion.  A  powerful  revival 
commenced  with  the  opening  of  the  year  1838,  the 
influence  of  which  was  felt  for  years.  During  the 
next  five  years  502  persons  were  added  to  the 
church  on  a  profession  of  their  faith  in  Christ. 
Meanwhile  his  interest  in  every  department  of 
Christian  work  increased,  as  his  zeal  for  the  pro- 
motion of  the  kingdom  of  Christ  grew  more  intense 
and  intelligent.  Ile'threw  his  soul  into  the  cause 
of  foreign  missions,  and  never  was  happier  than 
when,  by  his  pen  or  the  living  voice,  he  was  plead- 
ing for  that  cause. 

At  length  the  labors  of  the  ministry  began  to 
tell  on  his  nervous  strength,  and,  exhausted  by  long- 
continued  work,  he  was  forced  to  yield,  and  seek 
the  renewal  of  his  wasted  powers  by  change  of 
scene  and  the  gentle  excitements  of  foreign  travel. 
He  left  Boston  Dec.  1,  1840,  and  was  absent  several 
months  abroad,  traveling  in  England,  France,  Swit- 
zerland, and  Italy,  and  returned  to  his  home  in  tiie 
month  of  June.  He  took  up,  with  recruited 
strength,  the  work  which  he  had  laid  aside,  and 
again  preached  and  performed  iiis  pastoral  duties 
with  his  accustomed  zeal  and  acceptableness.  He 
shared  in  the  labors  and  the  ingathering  of  souls 
into  the  churches,  which  made  tlie  year  1842  so 
memorable  in  the  religious  history  of  Boston.  At 
the  close  of  the  twelfth  year  of  his  ministry  at 
Baldwin  Place,  during  two  of  which  he  had  been 
laid  aside  by  sickness,  he  makes  the  following 
record :  "  I  have  pi'eached  1237  sermons,  made 
8532  visits,  solemnized  482  marriages,  attended  58G 
funerals,  baptized  (J43,  added  by  letter  261,  dis- 
missed 394,  and  excluded  71."  These  figures  pre- 
sent us  a  picture  of  a  life  of  great  ministerial  ac- 
tivity and  success  as  an  ambassador  for  Christ. 

Dr.  Stow  was  the  pastor  of  a  church  situated  in 
that  part  of  Boston  which  more  than  any  other  sec- 


tion was  un(^ergoing  constant  social  changes  by  the 
influx  of  a  foreign  population.  The  weakening  of 
his  church  by  the  removal  of  some  of  his  best  fam- 
ilies proved  a  source  of  so  great  discouragement 
that,  in  1848,  he  felt  it  his  duty  to  resign  his  pastor- 
ate of  the  chur<;h  of  which,  for  sixteen  years,  he 
had  been  the  loving  and  beloved  under-shepherd. 
After  a  brief  period  of  relaxation,  during  which  he 
received  invitations  to  become  the  pastor  of  three 
ciiurciies,  he  decided  to  accept  a  call  to  what  was 
then  the  Howe  Street  church,  now  the  Clarendon 
Avenue,  and  began  at  once  to  reap  the  fruits  oi  his 
labors.  It  is  not  possible  to  sum  up  what  this 
mast  indefatigable  worker  did,  as  a  preacher  where 
the  standard  for  pulpit  service  was  so  high,  as  a 
pastor  of  the  warmest  sympathies  and  the  tenderest 
love,  as  a  member  of  the  Executive  Committee  of 
tlie  Missionary  Union,  where  he  performed  a  vast 
amount  of  work,  especially  with  iiis  most  graceful 
and  accurate  pen,  as  a  writer  of  books  and  for  the 
religious  press.  A  second  trip  to  Europe,  taken 
for  the  same  reasons  that  led  him  to  make  the 
first,  proved  serviceable  to  him,  and  no  doubt  pro- 
longed his  valuable  life.  His  pastorate  of  the  Rowe 
Street  church  ended  in  1867.  Forty  years  nearly 
he  had  been  in  the  ministry,  thirty  of  which  had 
been  spent  in  Boston.  The  roots  had  gone  down 
too  deep  into  the  soil  of  the  dear  old  city  to  be 
rudely  torn  up,  and  although  urged  to  occupy 
other  fields  of  labor  he  declined,  and  spent  the  re- 
mainder of  his  da^'s  in  performing  such  work  as 
his  Master  gave  him  to  do,  and  at  length  came  to 
the  end  of  his  days  on  the  27th  of  December,  1869. 

Dr.  Stow  takes  high  rank  among  the  best  preach- 
ers of  his  own  denomination  or  any  other  in  this 
country.  Amidst  the  exhausting  labors  of  his  pro- 
fession he  found  time  to  write  and  give  to  the  world 
the  productions  of  his  pen.  He  was  one  of  the  com- 
pjlers  of  the  "  Psalmist."  His  '•  First  Things," 
"Christian  Brotherhood,"  '"Daily  Manna,"  and 
"  Whole  Family  in  Heaven"  are  illustrations  of 
his  skill  and  ability  as  a  writer.  His  name  is  hal- 
lowed in  the  memory  of  many  who  loved  him,  and 
the  whole  church  of  God  may  be  thankful  that  its 
great  Head  gave  to  it  so  true  so  faithful,  a  servant 
of  the  Lord  Jesus  Ciirist  as  Baron  Stow.  • 

Stowe,  Rev.  Phineas,  was  born  in  Milford. 
Conn.,  March  20,  1812.  When  he  was  fifteen 
years  of  age  he  was  engaged  as  a  clerk  in  a  store 
in  New  Haven.  He  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Elisha 
Cushman,  July  2,  1831,  and  l)ecame  a  member  of 
the  First  Baptist  church  in  New  Haven.  Feeling 
himself  called  of  God  to  preach  the  gospel,  he 
spent  four  years  at  the  New  Hampton  Literary 
and  Theologiiral  Institution  in  fitting  himself  for 
his  work.  After  leaving  New  Hampton  he  was 
pastor  for  two  years  of  the  Baptist  church  at  South 
Danvers,  Mass.     But  his  life-work  was  to  be  per- 


STOWELL 


1117 


STRinUNG 


formed  in  anotlier  sphere.  Providence  l>ad  designed 
liiiu  to  be  a  preacher  to  seamen,  and  in  Boston  he 
found  a  field  of  labor  which  was  suited  to  him  and 
he  to  it.  "  He  was  adapted  to  his  work,"  says  Iiis 
friend  Dr.  Neale,  "and  liis  work  to  him.  It  fitted 
(ixactly  all  the  peculiarities  of  his  mind  and  heart, 
as  the  liquid  metal  takes  the  varied  features  of  the 
mould  into  which  it  is  cast.  It  filled  his  whole  soul, 
and  he  went  into  it  with  all  his  might."  A  period 
of  twenty  ye.ars  of  constant,  unremitting  laljor  pro- 
duced such  results  as  any  man  might  be  thankful 
to  have  accomplished.  The  monuments  of  his  zeal 
and  untiring  energy  may  be  found  in  different  sec- 
tions of  the  city  of  Boston,  and  especially  in  the 
better  characters  and  the  Christian  lives  of  hun- 
dreds and  thousands  of  sailors  in  all  parts  of  the 
world.  Ilis  intense  enthusiasm,  and  his  love  for 
the  work  to  which  he  had  given  the  best  years  of 
his  life,  at  last  touched  the  delicate  fibres  of  an 
over-sensitive  brain,  and  he  was  forced  to  spend 
his  last  days  in  one  of  those  retreats  which  the 
Christian  benevolence  of  our  modern  days  has 
provided  for  sufferers  like  him.  lie  died  at  the 
McLean  Hospital  for  the  Insane  at  .Somerville, 
Mass.,  Nov.  13,  iSdS. 

Stowell,  Rev.  Austin  H.,  son  of  Isaac  and 
Harriet  (Hall)  Stowell,  was  born  in  Starksborough, 
Vt.,  Oct.  6,  1818;  converted  in  Bristol  in  18.30; 
baptized  at  Brandon,  in  1830,  while  studying  to 
enter  Middlcbury  College;  licensed  by  the  Baptist 
church  in  Brandon;  ordained,  Dec.  11,  1839,  in 
Palmyra,  N.  Y. :  settled  in  Avon  and  Moriah ;  in 
Saratoga  five  years,  in  Proviilencc,  R.  I.,  si.K  years, 
in  South  Boston,  Mass.,  in  Peoria,  111.:  spent 
twelve  years  in  Chicago  in  general  gospel  work  ; 
published  two  sermons  to  young  men  in  18r)2,  and 
a  doctrinal  sermon  on  Baptist  polity  in  18(H). 

Stradley,  Rev.  J.  A.,  the  son  of  the  venerable 
mirrister,  Thomas  Stradley,  was  born  in  Asheville, 
N.  C,  March  17,  1832  ;  was  baptized  by  his  father  ; 
ordained  in  1854;  took  an  irregular  course  at 
Wake  Forest  College  on  account  of  ill  health,  and 
has  spent  most  of  his  professional  life  in  Granville 
County.  Mr.  Stradley  is  an  uncompromising  tem- 
perance advocate  and  a  strong  Baptist. 

Stradley,  Rev.  Thomas,  the  oldest  living  Bap- 
tist preacher  of  North  Carolina,  the  missionary  of 
the  mountains,  was  born  in  Woolwich,  England,  in 
1798  ;  landed  in  America  at  Charleston,  S.  C,  and 
settled  in  Buncombe  Co.,  N.  C,  in  1828.  He  was 
already  a  Baptist,  and  soon  began  to  preach,  and 
was  ordained  by  Revs.  Humphrey  Posey,  Dobbins, 
and  Alfred  Webb. 

Mr.  Stradley  attended  the  third  session  of  the 
Haptist  State  Convention,  held  at  Cartledgo's  Creek 
church,  Richmond  County,  in  1833,  and  had  the 
honor  to  be  appointed  the  first  missionary  of  that 
body.     Mr.  Stradley  became  an  excellent  and  use- 


ful preacher.  He;  is  what  is  termed  a  high-church 
Baptist,  a  great  temperance  apostle,  and  has  the 
distinguished  honor  not  only  of  founding  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  Asheville,  but  of  building,  almost 
unaided,  the  handsome  house  in  which  it  worships. 
Though  upwards  of  eighty,  ho  still  preaches  with 
great  pnw(^r. 

Straughan,  Rev.  Samuel  Lamkin,  was  born 

in  Northumberland  Co.,  V'a.,  July  30,  1783.  He 
spent  his  youth  on  his  father's  farm.  He  was  bap- 
tized in  April,  1803,  and  united  with  the  ]Moratico 
church.  He  immediately  began  the  congenial  work 
of  exhorting  the  impenitent,  and  his  labors  were  so 
successful  that  in  1806  he  was  ordained  to  the  work 
of  the  ministry.  His  first  pastoral  charge  was  that 
of  the  Wicomico  church,  the  membership  of  which 
at  the  beginning  was  only  24,  but  which  soon  in- 
creased to  nearly  300,  so -mightily  did  the  Word  of 
the  Lord  prevail  under  Mr.  Straughan's  faithful 
ministrations.  In  1807  he  accepted  the  pastorate 
of  the  Moratico  church,  which  also  became  one  of 
the  strongest  and  most  active  in  that  part  of  the 
State.  In  the  year  1814  he  was  chosen  by  the 
Missionary  Society  of  Richmond  to  travel  into 
certain  parts  of  Maryland,  where  there  was  great 
destitution  of  the  means  of  grace.  Here,  although 
at  first  received  with  great  coldness  and  some  op- 
position, he  secured  a  strong  hold  on  the  affections 
of  the  people,  and  was  the  means  of  accomplishing 
much  good.  These  visits  were  necessarily  only  oc- 
casional, since  he  had  his  own  churches  in  Vir- 
ginia to  supply  at  regular  times.  He  made  his  last 
visit  to  Maryland  in  1820,  at  which  time  the  pul- 
monary disease,  under  which  he  had  long  labored, 
grew  rapidly  worse,  and,  resting  awhile  at  Nanje- 
moy,  he  finally  reached  his  home  in  June,  fi-oin 
which  time  he  was  almost  wholly  confined  to  his 
house  until  his  death,  which  occurred  June  9,  1821. 
Mr.  Straughan  was  eminent  for  his  deep  piety.  In 
every  relation  of  life  he  was  a  model  man,  simple, 
modest,  grave,  courteous,  and  gentle  towards  all 
around  him.  He  had  a  ''good  report"  of  all  who 
knew  him.  As  a  preacher,  he  was  in  many  re- 
spects more  than  ordinary.  His  voice  was  sono- 
rous, his  style  always  strong  and  nervous,  and 
sometimes  elegant,  his  address  sincere  and  often 
animated,  and  his  countenance  remarkably  pre- 
possessing. His  discourses  were  marked  by  argu- 
ment and  Scriptural  illustrations  rather  than  by 
eloquence,  although  occasionally  he  rose  to  sub- 
limity of  style.  Mr.  Straughan  was  only  thirty- 
eight  years  of  age  at  his  death,  but  in  the  short 
time  he  was  permitted  to  live  and  labor  he  acconi- 
plishe<l  much  for  the  Master,  and  left  behind  him, 
for  the  admiration  of  the  church,  a  record  such  as 
many  whose  years  are  more  numerous  rarely  ac- 
complish. 
Stribling,  James  H.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Ala- 


STiniUANG 


1118 


STRONG 


bania  in  1822 ;  is  a  nephew  of  the  distinguished 
Coniniodore  Stribling  of  the  U.  S.  navy.  With 
his  father's  family  he  removed  to  Texas,  and  first 
located  in  Washington  County  ;  served  as  a  volun- 
teer in  the  Texan  army  in  the  Somerville  campaign 
designed  to  repel  the  Mexican  invasion  of  1842-43; 
professed  conversion  in  July,  1843,  and  was  bap- 
tized by  Rev.  Wm.  M.  Tryon  in  September  follow- 
ing ;  authorized  to  preach  about  one  year  afterwards ; 
(lursued  studies  in  Baylor  University  from  May, 
1846,  to  December,  1849  ;  ordained  at  Independence 
at  last  date.  In  1850  traveled  as  a  missionary  west 
of  the  Colorado  River,  traversing  a  large  scope  of 
country  from  the  sea-coast  to  the  mountains,  preach- 
ing in  a  log  cabin  or  private  dwelling,  under  live- 
oaks  or  in  regular  places  of  worship,  facing  north- 
ers and  drenching  rains  on  bleak  prairies,  swimming 
streams,  crossing  the  Indian's  war-path,  but  every- 
where received  kindly,  and  enjoying  many  happy 
seasons,  pointing  sinners  to  Christ,  and  witnessing 
the  triumphs  of  the  gospel.  Tra\4eled  this  year 
3000  miles  on  horseback  ;  served  from  1851  to  close 
of  1857  as  pastor  at  Gonzales,  and  preached  to  other 
churches  in  the  country.  Many  revival  seasons 
were  enjoyed,  and  hundreds  brought  into  the  king- 
dom of  Christ.  In  1858-59  ministered  to  old  Caney 
and  Wharton  churches,  enjoying  precious  seasons 
of  grace.  In  May,  1860,  assumed  the  pastorate  of 
tlie  First  church,  Galveston,  and  continued  until 
the  calamities  of  war  broke  up  this  happy  relation. 
In  1863  he  began,  and.  in  1873  closed,  a  successful 
pastorate  at  Anderson,  pr'feaching  at  Navisota  and 
other  churches  during  tiiis  period  ;  began  the  pas- 
torate at  Tyler,  which  he  now  holds,  in  September, 
1873,  and  ever  since  one  harvest  of  blessing  has 
been  enjoyed  by  pastor  and  people ;  served  two 
yeai's  as  moderator  of  Colorado  Association,  seven 
years  as  moderator  of  Union  Association,  four 
years  as  president  of  State  Sunday-School  and  Col- 
portage  Convention,  many  times  vice-president  of 
State  Convention  ;  for  three  years  past  has  been 
moder.ator  of  Cherokee  Association,  and  at  various 
times  has  been  a  prominent  njember  of  the  Southern 
Convention.  In  the  course  of  his  ministry  he  has 
preached  3000  sermons,  and  delivered  as  many 
lectures;  led  or  assisted  in  150  protracted  meet- 
ings, in  which  over  2000  professed  conversion  ; 
solemnized  200  marriages,  and  attended  a  larger 
number  of  funeral  services ;  baptized  over  800 
persons  ;  traveled  in  every  mode  20,000  miles  from 
the  Sabine  to  the  Nueces,  from  the  Gulf  to  the 
mountains ;  and  has  preached  to  gratified  audiences 
in  Mobile,  Louisville,  Baltimore,  and  otiier  cities; 
has  published,  1.  "  Sermon  on  Sunday-Scliools ;" 
2:  "  In  Memory  of  T.  J.  Jackson  ;"  3.  "On  Future 
Punishment;"  4.  "  Sketches  of  Travels ;"  5.  "Dis- 
cussion on  Human  Depravity  ;"  and  miscellaneous 
articles;  received  A.M.  in   1858  and  D.D.  in  1871 


from  Baylor  University.  Rev.  Z.  N.  Morrell,  in 
"  Flowers  and  Fruits  from  the  Wilderness,"  says, 
"  He  has  never  turned  aside  to  engage  in  any  secu- 
lar emploj^ment  for  a  year  or  a  month.  .  .  .  All 
love  him,  none  excel  him."'  lie  esteems  it  his 
highest  honor,  privilege,  and  blessing  to  sit  at  the 
feet  of  Jesus  and  learn  of  him. 

Strickland,  Rev.  C.  H.,  of  Knoxville,  Tenn., 
was  born  in  Lawrencevill,e,  Ga.,  Dec.  18,  1844.  As 
a  boy,  he  was  ambitious  to  excel,  faithful  and  true 
to  those  who  trusted  him,  and  passionately  fond  of 
reading.  He  was  prepared  for  college  at  the  Law-  • 
renceville  High  School. 

A  few  years  after  his  conversion  he  was  called 
of  God  to  preach  the  gospel,  and  was  ordained  by 
Bethel  church,  AValton  Co.,  Ga..  Jan.  30,  1870,  the 
Presbytery  consisting  of  Brethren  Bedford,  Lung- 
ford,  G.  A.  Nunnally,  Stillwell,  and  Loring.  He 
was  pastor  first  of  this  church,  afterwards  of 
churches  at  Farmington,  New  Hope,  Greens- 
borough,  and  Augusta,  Ga.,  and  Knoxville,  Tenn., 
his  Muster  giving  him  in  every  place  the  joy  of 
seeing  his  work  prosper  in  his  hands.  As  a  pas- 
-tor,  he  knows  his  people  ;  their  trials,  sorrows,  and 
bereavements  are  his,  and  so  perfectly  does  he 
know  them  all  that  not  one  can  be  absent  from  the 
public  services  that  he  does  not  miss.  Though 
still  young,  he  has  been  a  busy  worker,  and  h\ 
the  blessing  of  God  has  accomplished  much  good. 

Strickland,  Rey.  W.  H.,  was  born  in  Gwin- 
nett Co.,  Ga.  He  in  early  life  joined  the  Presby- 
terian Church,  to  which  his  parents  belonged,  but 
four  years  after  he  united  with  the  Baptists.  After 
preaching  some  years  in  the  C'luntry.  he  became 
pastor  of  Kallock  Street  church  in  Augusta,  Ga. 
In  1871-72  he  was  chaplain  of  the  house  of  rep- 
resentatives of  the. Georgia  Legislature.  He  has 
since  been  pastor  in  Darlington  and  in  xVnderson, 
S.  C. 

'On  the  1st  of  July,  ISSO.  he  became  correspond- 
ing secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  State  Mission 
Board  of  South  Camlina.  In  the  first  five  months 
he  collected  §6236. 90,  an  unprecedented  amount. 

His  power  in  the  pulpit  is  very  great,  and  he  is 
much  beloved  by  his  people  wherever  he  has  been 
pastor.  He  was  for  several  years  connected  with 
the  editorial  department  of  the  Baptist  Courier. 

Strong',  Augustus  H,,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Roches- 
ter, N.  y.,  Aug.  3,  ISoC).  His  father,  Alvali  Strong, 
was  a  journalist,  and  for  several  years  published 
the  Rochester  Daily  Democrat.  He  was  graduated 
from  Yale  College  in  1857.  He  was  converted 
while  in  his  Junior  year  in  college,  and  l)aptized 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  First  Bajitist  church 
of  Rochester.  After  leaving  Yale  College  he  en- 
tered the  Rochester  Theological  Seminary,  where  he 
closed  his  course  of  study  in  1859.  He  then  went 
abroad,  pursuing  his  studies  in  the  German  uni- 


SrUBBERT 


1119 


SUMNER 


versities,  and  traveling  in  Europe  and  the  East. 
For  ii  short  time  he  preaehcd  as  a  supply  for  the 
North  Baptist  church  of  Chicaf^o.  In  1801  he  set- 
tled as  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Ilaver- 


AUUUSTUS    H.   STRONG,    D.D. 

hill,  Mass.,  where  he  was  ordained.  In  186;3  he  ac- 
cepted the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
Cleveland,  O.  AVhile  there  he  received  the  honor- 
ary degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  Brown  Uni- 
versity. After  seven  years  of  successful  labor  there, 
liis  manifest  ability  as  a  preacher,  and  his  well- 
known  theological  learning,  secured  for  iiim  an 
election  as  president  and  Professor  of  Theology  in 
the  Rochester  Theological  Seminary,  which  posi- 
tion he  holds  at  the  present  time.  lie  is  the  author 
of  able  articles  on  "  Philosophy  and  Religion"  in 
the  Baptist  Quarterly,  also  "  Miracles  as  an  Attes- 
tation of  Divine  Revelation,"  and  on  "  The  Will 
in  Theology,"  besides  numerous  contributions  on 
theology,  church  polity,  and  education  in  the 
weekly  religious  journals  of  the  Baptist  denomi- 
nation, lie  is  a  man  to  whom  the  public  have 
acceded  a  remarkable  fitness  for  the  high  position 
which  he  fills.  The  young  men  who  come  out 
from  that  institution  show  his  training  hand  and 
the  careful  instruction  in  theology  so  much  needed 
by  the  ministry. 

Stubbert,  Rev.  John  Roman,  son  of  John  and 

Ann  Stubbert,  was  born  on  Boulardie,  island  of 
Cape  Breton,  April  8,  1838.  His  parents  were  at 
first  devout  members  of  the  Church  of  England, 
but  finally  became  distinguished  pioneer  Baj)tists 
on  the  island.     His  father,  at  first  an  opposer  of 


the  Baptists,  was  changed  in  views  and  feelings  by 
hearing  Rev.  John  Hull,  and  among  these  the 
once  despised  became  "  mighty  in  the  Scriptures 
and  in  prayer."  John  R.,  after  the  strictest  moral 
training  at  home,  began  his  studies  in  a  normal 
school,  and  then  for  three  years  alternated  between 
teaching  and  colportagc.  In  18()7  ho  cntei'ed  Aca- 
dia College,  and  graduated  in  1871,  preaching 
during  his  vacations;  entered  Newton  Theological 
Institution,  Mass.,  and  graduated  in  1874;  pro- 
posed to  be  a  missionary  in  China,  and  was  re- 
ceived by  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union, 
but  was  finally  in<luccd  to  settle  with  the  Second 
Baptist  church  of  Suffield,  Conn.,  and  was  ordained 
July  2,  1874;  in  the  following  winter  was  blessed 
with  a  powerful  revival,  and  liapti/.od  90  per- 
sons; was  elected  a  trustee  of  the  Connecticut  Lit- 
erary Institution,  and  also  a  trustee  of  the  Connec- 
ticut Baptist  State  Convention  and  of  the  Baptist 
Education  Society  ;  was  the  first  secretary  of  the 
Baptist  Centennial  Committee  in  Connecticut  in 
187") ;  has  licen  a  leader  in  temperance  societies. 

Sturgiss,  Rev.  C.  F.,  for  many  years  pastor  at 
Carlowvillc,  Ala.,  and  other  churches  of  that  part 
of  the  State,  was  distinguished  for  his  learning,  ex- 
tensive culture,  eminent  piety,  and  thorough  gospel 
preaching.  He  occupied  a  position  with  the  first 
men  of  the  State.  He  was  author  of  a  prize  essay 
on  "The  Duties  of  Masters  to  their  Servants." 
which  had  a  wide  circulation  in  book  form.  He 
died  only  a  few  years  since. 

Sumner,  M.  T.,  D.D,,  was  born  in  Massachu- 
setts, Sept.  6,  1815  ;  graduated  at  Brown  University 
in  the  class  of  1838  ;  removed  to  Virginia  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1840;  ordained,  by  request  of  the  Second 
Baptist  church  in  Richmond,  in  May,  1843.  From 
1840  to  1850  engaged  in  teaching  in  Richmond  and 
preaching  to  three  churches  in  the  country,  and  in 
1850  devoted  all  his  time  to  the  work  of  the  minis- 
try. In  January,  1854,  accepted  the  agency  of  the 
American  Tract  Society  for  Virginia  and  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia,  and  .Ian.  1,  1858,  entered  upon 
the  duties  of  corresponding  secretary  of  the  Domes- 
tic Mission  Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Conven- 
tion, at  Marion,  Ala.  In  1875  resigned  this  posi- 
tion and  entered  upon  the  duties  of  president  of 
Judson  Female  Institute,  which  he  held  for  one 
year,  and,  retiring  from  this  position,  he  occupied 
the  post  of  agent  for  the  Southern  Baptist  Theo- 
logical Seminary  about  two  years,  and  then  about 
the  same  length  of  time  he  acted  as  agent  of  the 
American  Baptist  Publication  Society.  April  1, 
1880,  he  resigned  all  agency  work,  and  accepted 
the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Athens, 
Ala.,  with  encouraging  prospects.  In  all  these  im- 
portant positions  the  la})ors  of  Dr.  Sumner  were  at- 
tended with  success.  During  the  seventeen  years 
that  he  had  charjie  of  the  home  mission  interest 


SUNDAY-SCHOOL 


1120 


SUNDA  Y- SCHOOLS 


of   Soutliern   Baptists  he  wielded  a  commanding 
influence  over  the  entire  South  on  this  subject. 
Sunday-School  Hymns.— "Let  me  furnish  a 

nation  with  its  songs  and  I  will  govern  it"  is  an 
aphoristic  expression,  and  history  furnishes  innu- 
merable instances  of  the  influence  upon  human 
tiiought  and  feeling  of  the  songs  and  ballads  of 
the  people.  From  the  earliest  periods  until  the 
present,  triumphant  hymns  or  solemn  requiems 
have  been  used  to  express  the  emotions  of  joy  or 
sorrow.  This  is  especially  true  of  the  Christian 
era,  and  the  Magnificat  of  Mary,  the  "Peace  on 
earth"  of  the  angels,  and  the  Te  Deum  have  en- 
joyed centuries  of  popularity,  and  the  followers  of 
Christ  thi'ough  all  the  ages  have  found  expression 
for  their  soul  exercises  in  psalms,  hymns,  and 
spiritual  songs.  To  the  chants  of  the  early  Chris- 
tians have  been  added  the  more  modern  productions 
so  largely  used  in  our  churches.  None  are  so  suscep- 
tible to  the  influences  of  music  and  poetry  as  chil- 
dren and  youth,  nor  so  long  retain  W;he  first  im- 
pressions conveyed  through  their  use.  The  songs 
of  childhood  often  last  for  life,  and  frequently  in 
after-years  they  are  the  means  of  expressing  the 
emotions  and  experiences  of  maturity.  They  thus 
have  an  incalculable  value  in  moulding  character, 
and  the  writers  of  the  best  hymns  for  children  have 
an  influence  that  cannot  be  overestimated.  Leaders 
of  the  young  have  rnore  fully  realized  this  since 
the  development  of  the  Sunday-school  movement, 
and  gradually  there  has  been  provided  a  literature 
especially  for  this  service.  ~  At  first  the  "  Hymns 
and  Divine  Songs  for  Children"  of  Dr.  Watts, 
with  its  quaint  little  wood-cuts,  was  extensively 
used,  and,  although  the  collection  is  now  laid 
aside,  such  hymns  as  "How  shall  the  j'oung 
secure  their  hearts?"  "  llow  doth  the  little  busy 
bee,"  will  continue  their  usefulness  for  years  to 
come.  These  simple  songs  have  been  gradually 
supplanted  by  the  songs  of  more  recent  writers, 
who  have  attempted  to  embody  Scriptural  truths  in 
a  rhythmical  form.  To  this  class  belong  "  There  is 
a  hapjiy  land,"  by  Andrew  Yoi\ng,  "  I  think  when  I 
read  that  sweet  story  of  old,"  by  Mrs.  Luke,  "  Little 
travelers  Zionward,"  Heber's  "  From  Greenland's 
icy  mountains,"  and  many  others  equally  well 
known.  More  recently  some  of  these  have  been 
partially  obscured  by  a  flood  of  productions,  many 
of  which  have  no  merit  either  of  doctrine  or 
poetry.  Tiieir  numbers  have  been  legion,  but  one 
after  another  has  faded  from  memory,  while  the 
worth  of  the  best  hymns  of  the  olden'and  present 
time  is  being  more  universally  recognized  and  ac- 
knowledged. Activity  in  the  production  of  Sunday- 
school  music  has  especially  manifested  itself  within 
the  last  twenty  years,  and  it  is  asserted,  upon  the 
authority  of  the  publishers,  that  five  books  pre- 
pared by  one  editor  attained  a  circulation,  up  to 


1868,  of  over  two  million  copies.  Since  that  date 
the  sale  of  -this  class  of  books  has  aggregated 
17,000,000.  Of  the  hymns  that  will  remain  from 
this  multitude  are  many  admirable  productions  of 
P.  P.  Bliss,  ]SIiss  Ilavergal.  the  Baptist  brethren 
Lowry,  Doane,  the  lie  v.  J.  II.  Gilmore,  and  others. 
The  beautiful  hymn  "  lie  leadeth  me,"  belonging 
to  this  class  of  authors,  was  composed  by  Prof. 
Gilmore  in  the  parlor  of.  the  venerable  deacon, 
Thos.  Wattson,  after  a  service  in  the  First  Baptist 
church,  Philadelphia. 

In  the  service  of  song  there  has  been  an  increas- 
ing desire  manifested  to  bring  the  Sunday-school 
into  closer  connection  with  the  worship  in  the  sanc- 
tuary. The  Gethsemane  Baptist  church  of  Phila- 
delpliia  has  recently  had  organized  from  their 
school  a  choir  of  several  hundred  voices,  which 
forms  a  chorus  in  the  public  services  of  the  church. 
Thus  the  work  of  the  teachers  may  be  directed  by 
a  faithful  Christian  minister,  and  joung  hearts 
may  be  led  to  sing  from  experience, 

"Tis  religion  that  c,in  give. 
Sweetest  pleasure  while  we  live." 

-Sunday-Schools, — The  origin,  in  some  form,  of 
Sunday-schools  may  be  traced  back  to  an  early  date. 
It  appears,  however,  that  from  the  time  of  the  Ref- 
ormation Christian  people  have  at  different  periods, 
though  withoutconcerted  action  or  organized  system, 
given  attention  to  Bible  instruction  for  the  young  on 
the  Lord's  day.  Thp  schools  of  Luther  were  held 
seven  days  in  the  week,  and  especially  provided 
for  religious  instruction  on  Sunday.  John  Knox 
introduced  into  Scotland  a  system  of  Sunday- 
schools,  and  C.  S.  Kafinesque  asserts  that  they 
have  existed  in  Itah'  for  centuries.  In  America, 
the  early  history  of  New  England  shows  the  re- 
ligious training  of  the  children  supplemented  by 
the  weekly  instruction  of  the  minister,  and  it  is 
asserted,  on  credible  authority,  that  in  1740  the 
German  Seventh-Day  Baptists  established  a  school 
at  Ephratah,  Lancaster  Co.,  Pa.,  which  continued  for 
nearly  forty  years.  A  very  great  impetus  was  given 
to  the  cause  by  the  organized  efforts  of  the  philan- 
thropist, Robert  Raikes,  17S0-17S5,  who  directed 
the  attention  of  Christians  to  its  importance  and 
formed  a  systematic  plan  of  teaching,  the  results 
of  which  are  apparent  to-day.  Scarcely  less  dis- 
tinguished than  Raikos  was  his  contemporary,  AVil- 
liam  Fox,  a  Baptist  of  London,  who,  at  the  same 
period,  established  a  Sunday-school  at  Clapham. 
and  who  was  greatly  encouraged  by  correspond- 
ence with  Mr.  Raikes.  The  Sunday-School  Society 
of  England,  which  is  still  a  useful  organization, 
was  the  result  of  the  labor  of  ]\lr.  Fox. 

The  plan  of  instruction  adopted  by  these  men 
included  paid  teachers  and  the  use  of  the  Bible  as 
a  text-book  in  reading.  The  movement  extended 
throughout   England    until,  in    1789,    there    were 


SUNDA  Y-SCHOOLS 


1121 


SUNDAY- SCHOOLS 


300,000  scliolara  enrolled  by  the  Sunday-School 
Society.  Tiie  influence  was  felt  on  this  side  of  the 
Atlantic,  and  led  to  the  formation,  in  January, 
17'J1,  of  the  l*iiiladel|)iiia  Society  for  the  Support 
and  Institutiiui  of  First-Day  or  Sunday-Scdiools. 
In  this  country,  as  in  England,  the  Baptists  have 
heen  abreast  with  their  brctiiren  of  other  denomi- 
nations in  proinotinjj;  the  cause  an<l  in  establishing 
schools.  Amonsi;  the  oldest  Baptist  schools  having 
an  unbroken  history  are  the  following  :  the  school 
of  the  Second  Baptist  church  of  Baltimore,  organ- 
ized in  1804;  of  the  First  Baptist  (ihurch  of  Piiila- 
delphia,  instituted  in  1815;  of  the  Charles  Street 
church,  Boston,  of  the  Oliver  Street  church.  New 
York,  and  of  the  Second  Baptist  church,  Philadel- 
phia, founded  in  ISlfi.  Two  Baptist  missionaries, 
Messrs.  Peck  and  Welch,  established  the  first  Sun- 
day-school west  of  the  Mississippi  River.  A  Baptist 
teacher,  Miss  Harriet  E.  Bishop,  gathered  the  first 
school  of  the  kind  in  the  extreme  Northwest,  in 
what  is  now  St.  Paul,  Minn.  From  these  early 
efforts  the  Baptist  schools  of  America  have  grown, 
until  they  number,  so  far  as  reported,  over  13,493, 
with  11(5.3').')  officers  and  teachers  and  1,000,000 
scholars.  Every  State  in  the  Union  is  represented 
in  this  grand  total,  and  who  can  estimate  its  steady 
influence  upon  society  in  its  inculcation  of  Chris- 
tian doctrine,  and  in  training  the  young  in  the 
path  of  virtue? 

The  system  of  insfriirlion  in  the  schools,  as  well 
as  their  increase  in  numbers,  has  been  the  result 
of  a  gradual  growth  and  develo|)inent.  From  the 
iirst  these  schools  were  supplied  by  voluntary  teach- 
ers, actuated  by  a  desire  for  the  promotion  of  the 
religious  education  of  the  young.  The  pupils  were 
boys  and  girls  who  understood  the  rudiments  of 
English,  and  the  text-books  wore  the  Old  and  the 
New  Testament,  supplemented  in  some  cases  by  the 
Catechism.  After  a  few  years  an  infant  class  was 
organized  for  those  of  tender  years,  and  still  move 
recently  an  adult  department  has  been  added  for 
men  and  women.  The  schools  are  in  most  cases 
attached  to  churches,  though  maintaining  a  volun- 
tary organization,  somewhat  informal  in  character, 
and  are  generally  managed  by  the  officers  and 
teachers  as  they  may  best  determine,  without  the 
formal  control  and  direction  of  the  church.  As  the 
first  schools  were  of  an  isolated  character,  there 
was  no  uniformity  in  the  manner  of  teaching  or 
in  the  selection  of  subjc^cts.  In  both  these  particu- 
lars a  very  great  change  has  been  graduallyefrectcd. 
The  infant  department  in  the  best  schools  is  now 
under  the  care  of  a  teacher  and  assistants,  who  de- 
pend largely  for  the  means  of  impressing  truths 
upon  the  hearts  of  the  little  ones  on  object  teaching. 
The  blackboard  and  printed  sketches  are  used  to 
depict  Bible  scenes  or  illustrate  Scripture  texts, 
and   these   are    suprilemented  by    the    singing   of 


sacred  songs  especially  intended  to  teach  important 
truths.  In  the  intermediate  department  the  young 
of  both  sexes  gather  in  little  groups  or  classes 
about  teachers  who  often  are  familiar  with  the 
cvery-day  life  of  their  scholars,  and  visit  them 
on  week-days  in  their  homes,  and  who  endeavor  to 
impress  more  deeply,  if  possible,  the  truth  learned 
on  the  Lord's  day,  by  the  influence  of  their  daily 
life.  The  adult  department  consists  of  men  and 
women  who,  either  in  classes  or  as  a  congrega- 
tion, are  led  in  Bible  study  by  a  person  of  their 
own  selection.  A  modern  Sunday-school  re[)re- 
sents,  and  frequently  contains,  an  entire  family 
studying  God's  Word. 

The  literature  of  the  school  has  been  created  to 
supply  the  demands  of  experience  in  the  service. 
Since  the  formation  of  the  American  Baptist  Pulili- 
catiori  Society  it  has  been  the  great  Sunday-school 
society  of  the  Baptist  denomination.  The  adoption, 
a  few  years  ago,  of  a  system  of  uniform  lessons  for 
the  use  of  all  the  Protestant  denominations  rendered 
it  possible  and  necessary  to  issue  periodical  litera- 
ture containing  the  best  thoughts  of  Biblical  stu- 
dents upon  the  selected  topics.  The  Baptist  Taaher, 
Lesson  Papers,  Our  Young  People,  Our  Little  Ones, 
and  other  publications  of  a  similar  character  are 
very  important  and  valuable  assistants  to  teachers. 
These  papers  are  not  merely  sold  to  schools  able 
to  purchase,  but  are  carried  by  the 'colporteurs  of 
the  society  and  freely  distributed  to  needy  schools 
in  destitute  localities.  The  volumes  reported  in 
the  libraries  of  the  Baptist  schools  of  America  in 
1879  amounted  to  905,000.  This  vast  aggregate 
may  contain  thousands  of  books  whose  influence 
may  be  of  a  negative  character,  and  to  remedy  this 
as  far  as  possible  the  Publication  Society  is  con- 
tinually issuing  works  especially  intended  for 
lil)raries,  and  furnishing  books  by  other  publishers 
that  have  been  examined  by  a  careful  committee. 
The  Baptist  Sunday-school  work  to-day  is  well 
organized,  and  engages  the  warm  sympathies  of 
thousands  of  men  and  women  who  are  looking 
forward  with  the  hopeful  anticipation  that  the 
Lord  may  greatly  increase  their  number  and  their 
usefulness,  and  liless  the  work  to  the  spiritual  ad- 
vantage of  the  people. 

Sunday-Schools,  Infant.— Previous  to  1829,  so 
far  as  can  be  ascertained,  no  regular  provision 
was  made  in  Sunday-schools  for  the  care  and  in- 
struction of  children  who  were  too  young  to  study 
lessons,  though  frequently  such  children  were 
present  with  older  brothers  or  sisters.  But  in  the 
latter  part  of  that  year  a  beginning  was  made, 
which  resulted  in  a  very  general  establishment  of 
infant  classes  in  connection  with  Sabbath-schools. 
It  happened  in  this  way.  A  year  or  two  previous 
two  infant  week-day  schools  were  opened  in  Boston, 
designed  for  children  from  two  to  five  years  old. 


SUNJJA  Y- SCHOOLS 


1122 


SUXDKRLAXD 


whose  mothers  were  employed  away  from  home 
during  the  day.  One  of  these  was  in  charge 
of  Miss  M.  V.  Ball,  who  is  still  well  known  in 
Boston  as  an  active  worker  for  the  Baptist  Bethel 


FIRST    INFANT    SUNDAV-SCHOOL,    P'IRST    BAPTIST    cftURCII,    BOSTON. 
CFac-siniile  of  the  original  engraving.) 

and  other  charities,  and  the  other  was  in  care  of 
Miss  Caroline  Blood,  now  wife  of  Rev.  Julius  A. 
Reed,  of  Columbus,  Neb;  The  exercises  consisted 
of  marching,  singing,  teaching  by  the  use  of  various 
objects,  including  pictures,  which  were  explained 
by  the  teachers,  and  questions  were  asked  which 
were  answered  in  concert  by  the  little  ones. 

A  printer's  apprentice,  Henry  J.  Rowland, 
having  occasion  to  visit  one  of  these  schools,  became 
interested  in  the  exercises,  and  being  at  the  time 
the  teacher  of  a  class  of  boys  in  the  First  Baptist 
Sabbath-school  in  Boston,  the  idea  occurred  to 
him  that  Scriptural  teaching  and  singing  would  in- 
terest young  children  in  the  Sabbath-school ;  and, 
having  borrowed  some  of  the  pictui-es,  he  explained 
tiie  matter  at  a  teachers'  meeting,  and  proposed  its 
adoption.  It  was  at  once  sanctioned,  and  Mr. 
Ilowland  was  appointed  to  form  and  instruct  the 
new  class. 

In  December,  1829,  t\\'enty  small  children  were 
led  to  the  gallery  of  the  First  Baptist  meeting- 
house in  Boston,  and,  with  the  aid  of  a  few  pictures 
representing  Bible  subjects,  the  attempt  was  made 
to  instruct  them.  As  no  lesson  book  adapted  to 
such  a  class  was  to  be  found,  the  exercises  con- 
sisted in  repeating  in  concert  simple  hymns,  sing- 
ing the  same,  listening  to  Bible  stories,  illustrated 
by  the  pictures,  and  answering  questions  relating 
to  them.  The  instruction  was  repented  till  each 
lesson  was  well  understood  by  the  children.  Men- 
tion was  made  of  the  new  system  in  the  Sunday- 
School  Treasuiij  and  other  publications,  and  manj' 


similar  classes  were  formed..  Inquiry  was  made 
for  lessons  and  pictures.  In  -lune  following  the 
lessons  prepared  bj'  Mr.  Ilowland,  with  brief  in- 
structions for  management,  were  published  in  Wor- 
cester, in  a  small  volume 
entitled  "Lessons  for 
Infant  Sabbath-Schools, 
witli  a  Plan  for  Conduct- 
ing an  Infant  Chis.s."  This 
is  l)elieved  to  have  been 
the  first  publication  of  the 
kind  in  existence.  A  sec- 
ond edition  was  called ^for 
the  following  winter, 
which  was  stereotyped, 
and  bore  on  its  title-page 
the  name  of  the  author. 
Eight  or  ten  editions  were 
printed  and  sold  before  it 
was  superseded  by  the 
numerous  lesson  books 
since  published.  The  plan 
of  instruction  asoriginally 
practised  by  ^Ir.  Rowland 
is  still  pursued  by  the  best 
primary  Sunday-school  in- 
structors, with  very  little  variation,  except  in  the 
vastly  improved  helps  that  are  now  so  numerous. 

It  is  interesting  to  know  that  the  man  who  com- 
menced this  glorious  work  among  the  little  ones  is 
a  Baptist,  and  that  lie  is  still  living  in  Worcester, 
Mass. 

Sunderland,  Rev.  James,  was  born  Dec.  16, 
1834,  near  llawortli,  Yorkshire,  England.  His 
father  emigrated  to  America  in  1844,  and  settled 
at  Busti,  Chautauqua  Co..  N.  Y.  A  few  years 
later  he  died,  leaving  his  family  with  exhausted 
resources.  There  were  five  children,  of  whom 
James  was  the  oldest.  Both  father  and  mother 
wepe  devout  Christians,  membei-s  of  the  Wesleyan 
Methodist  Church.  One  of  the  sons  is  now  Rev. 
J.  T.  Sunderland,  of  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  and  one 
of  the  daughters  is  Mrs.  J.  E.  Clough,  of  the 
Teloogoo  Mission.  James  Sunderland  was  con- 
verted in  18.'32,  and  baptized  by  Rev.  David  Ber- 
nard, lie  taught  school  part  of  the  time  from  1853 
to  1855.  In  the  spring  of  1853  he  went  West,  and 
settled  at  Strawberry  Point.  Clayton  Co..  Iowa, 
lie  engaged  mainly  in  teaching  and  mercantile 
pursuits  till  1860.  Among  his  pupils  was  J.  E. 
Clough,  now  of  the  Teloogoo  Mission.  In  the 
winter  of  1860  he  taught  in  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 

The  question  of  duty  in  regard  to  preaching, 
which  had  been  pressing  him  for  years,  was  de- 
cided while  still  engaged  in  teaching.  In  1862  he 
became  pastor  of  the  Strawberry  Point  church.  lie 
remained  on  the  field  till  November.  1866,  and  or- 
sianized  churches  at  Volga  City  and  York.    He  was 


SUSPENSION 


1123 


SWAIM 


pastor  of  the  Hapti.st  cluiruh  at  V^inton,  Iowa,  four 
yi'ars,  and  at  Sioux  City  three  and  a  half  years. 
While  at  Vinton  he  was  elected  secretary  of  the 
Iowa  Biiptist  Sunday-School  Union,  and  served  in 
tliat  position  for  six  years.  Impaired  health  com- 
j)elle(l  hiin  to  leave  the  active  pastorate  for  a  time, 
durinj^  which  ho  served  as  the  chaplain  of  the  Iowa 
State  I'onitentiary  at  Fort  Madison  forscivcn  months. 
In  the  spring  of  1875  he  became  pastor  of  the  bap- 
tist church  at  Ottumwa,  Iowa,  and  continued  to 
serve  the  church  five  years.  In  October,  1877,  was 
elected  secretary  of  the  Iowa  Baptist  State  Con- 
vention, and  is  now  giving  his  entire  time  to  the 
duties  of  that  position. 

Suspension  and  Excommunication.— The  two 

methods  of  treating  otTonders  in  Baptist  churches 
in  the  days  of  our  fathers  were  suspension  from 
the  privileges  of  the  (thurch — that  is,  from  the 
Lord's  Supper  and  from  voting  at  church  meetings 
for  a  limited  time — and  excommuiru^ation.  The 
former  was  resorted  to  tor  lighter  offenses  whicii 
brought  religion  into  disrepute,  and  it  was  regarded 
as  a  very  proper  form  of  Church  Discipline.*  It 
is  still  in  use  in  some  of  our  churches;  the  latter 
is  the  final  resort  of  a  gospel  churc^h  when  all  Chris- 
tian efforts  fail.  When  flagrant  dishonesty,  or 
adultery,  or  murder  is  the  crime  proved  against  a 
church  member,  no  amount  of  apparent  sorrow 
should  hinder  his  immediate  expulsion.  In  all 
iirdinary  cases,  preceding  excommunication,  the 
guilty  member  should  be  visited  by  representatives 
rif  the  church  and  urged  to  repentance,  and  when 
he  still  maintains  a  spirit  of  wicked  indiSerence  to 
the  claims  of  God,  he  should  be  cited  to  appear  at 
a  meeting  of  the  church  to  show  cause  why  he 
should  not  be  excluded,  and  at  it  he  should  be 
solemnly  excommunicated. 

Sutcliffe,  Rev.  John,  was  bt)rn  near  Halifax, 
England,  Aug.  9,  17r)2.  Under  the  ministry  of 
Dr.  Fawcett  he  was  led  to  the  Saviour  when  he 
was  about  seventeen,  and  he  united  with  the  church 
at  Ilebden  Bridge.  By  this  church  he  was  called 
to  the  ministry  and  sent  to  Bristol  College.  In 
177.')  he  became  pastor  of  the  church  in  Olney.  It 
was  on  his  motion  that  the  Northamptonshire  As- 
sociation set  apart  an  hour  in  the  evening  of  the 
first  Monday  of  every  month  for  special  prayer  for 
the  success  of  the  gospel.  In  1789  he  republished 
Jonathan  Edwards's  "  Humble  Attempt  to  Promote 
Explicit  Agreement  and  Visible  Union  among 
God's  People  in  Extraordinary  Prayer  for  the  Re- 
vival of  Religion.'"  This  work  at  that  time  gave 
great  help  to  the  convictitms,  which  resulted  in  the 
formation  of  the  English  Baptist  Missionary  So- 
ciety. In  a  sermon  preached  at  Clipstone  in  April, 
1791,  Mr.  Sutcliffe  fanned  the  kindling  missionary 

*  Treatise  on  Climcli  Discipline  in  tlie  Pliiladelpliia  Confession 
of  Faitli  of  174;!,  pp.  'JG,  i)7. 


flame  in  the  hearts  of  his  hearers.  From  the  for- 
mation of  the  society  in  1792  no  man,  ex(;(?pt  Ful- 
ler, rendered  it  nobler  service  until  his  d(!atl),  June 
22,  1814.  Fuller,  Ryland,  Sutcliffe,  and  Pcarce 
were  the  chief  friends  of  foreign  missions  in  Eng- 
land at  a  time  when  they  were  regarded  with  in- 
credulous contempt. 

Mr.  Sut(-liff"e  gatiiercd  a  large  and  valuable  li- 
brary, whicli  he  left  to  Ilorton  College.  He  was 
full  of  gentleness,  and  of  a  devotional  spiiit.  He 
was  among  the  best  men  that  over  lived. 

Sutton,  Revs.  David  and  John.— David  was  a 

native  of  New  Jersey,  and  received  his  early  edu- 
cation at  Hopewell  Academy.  Five  brothers  en- 
tered the  ranks  of  the  Baptist  ministry.  David  and 
John  removed  to  the  Red  Stone  country,  the  former 
settling  on  the  Ten-Mile  River  and  the  latter  in 
Fayette  County.  The  church,  formerly  known  as 
the  Big  Bethel,  now  Uniontown,' owes  its  origin 
and  very  much  of  its  subsequent  prosperity  to 
the  labors  of  John.  This  church  was  tin;  mother 
of  many  other  surrounding  churches.  David  was 
also  signally  blessed  in  his  ministry.  The  revivals 
under  the  ministry  of  both  men  comptire  favorably 
with  those  of  the  present  day,  and  in  depth  of 
feeling,  strength  of  conviction,  clearness  in  the 
evidences  of  a  sound  conversion,  combined  with 
permanent  growth,  are  even  more  marked.  A 
stalwart  class  of  Baptists  to  this  day  dwell  in  the 
region  once  swayed  by  the  teachings  of  Cor)>ley, 
Patton,  the  Suttons,  and  men  of  their  distinctive 
type  of  preaching. 

At  the  time  of  their  settlement  the  entire  region 
of  the  Red  Stone  country  was  a  wilderness  in  its 
moral  and  spiritual,  as  well  as  in  its  natural  as- 
pects. Great  changes  have  occurred  since  that  day. 
The  wilderness  fairly  blossoms,  and  we  trust  the 
fruits  of  righteousness  abound.  The  time  of  the 
decease  of  these  br(jthers  is  not  known  by  the 
writer,  but  the  report  is  that  it  was  "about  the 
year  1800." 

Suydam,  Asa,  was  born  near  Flemington,  N.  J., 
June  3,  lS2r);  baptized  by  Rev.  C.  AV.  Mulford  at 
Flemington,  in  January,  1848.  He  is  a  practical 
farmer,  a  Bible-class  teacher,  a  valuable  helper  in 
the  church,  and  devoted  to  public  denominational 
interests.  He  is  treasurer  of  the  New  Jersey  Bap- 
tist State  Convention. 

Swaim,  Samuel  Budd,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Pem- 

berton,  N.  -L.  .June  2:5,  ISD'.I.  .,\  part  of  his  pre- 
paratory studies  he  pursued  at  Washington,  D.  C, 
where  he  entered  (Columbian  College  in  1826.  He 
completed  his  college  course  at  Brown  University, 
graduating  in  the  class  of  1830.  He  went  through 
the  Newton  Theological  Institution,  and  was  or- 
dained in  Haverhill,  Mass.  Five  years  of  his  life 
were  spent  in  different  localities,  one  of  them  in 
Granville,  0.,  as  an  instructor  in  theology  in  the 


SWAIM 


1124 


SWAX 


college  in  that  place.  In  183S  he  was  called  to  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Worcester,  Mass.  He  was 
in  the  prime  of  his  life  and  usefulness,  and  the  six- 
teen 3'ears  of  his  pastorate  over  that  strong  church 
developed  and  ripened  his  own  powers,  while  they 
made  his  influence  largely  felt  in  the  community 
in  which  he  lived.  The  long  strain  upon  his 
nervous  system  compelled  him  to  resign  his  charge 
in  Worcester,  lie  accepted  a  call  to  the  Baptist 
church  in  West  Cambridge,  where  he  labored  for 
eight  years,  and  then,  in  1862,  he  acted  as  secre- 
tary for  New  England  of  the  American  Baptist 
Home  Missionai-y  Society.  Brown  University,  of 
which  he  was  a  trustee  for  eighteen  years,  con- 
ferred upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity  in  18.57.  Dr.  Swaim  died  in  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  Feb.  3,  18G5.  He  was  a  man  of  a  strong, 
vigorous  mind,  one  of  the  ablest  of  New  England 
Baptist  ministei's. 

Swaim,  Judge  Thomas,  was  born  Dec.  22, 

1783,  near  Piscataway,  N.  J.  (as  is  supposed)  ;  lost 
his  father  in  childhood  ;  spent  his  youth  at  Con- 
nellsville.  Pa.,  where,  at  eighteen,  he  was  baptized 
by  Rev.  Wm.  Parkinson,  of  New  York  City,  then 
on  an  evangelizing  tour  among  those  new  settle- 
ments in  AVestern  Pennsylvania.  At  twenty-one 
he  settled  at  Pemberton,  N.  J.  (then  called  New 
Mills),  began  business  for  himself,  and  united  with 
the  Baptist  church  there.  Here  he  resided  some 
fifty-five  years,  acquired  property,  became  a  prom- 
inent man  in  the  county  of  Burlington,  and  for 
about  thirty  years  was  one  of  the  judges  of  the 
County  Court, — for  a  large  part  of  the  time  its 
presiding  officer.  Ilis  decisions  were  seldom  re- 
versed. He  lived  to  see  the  beginning  of  the  civil 
war,  and  was  deeply  concerned  for  the  perpetuity 
of  the  Union  and  the  preservation  of  our  institu- 
tions. Being  a  devoted  and  earnest  Christian,  he. 
was  early  chosen  deacon,  and  held  that  office  till 
his  death.  Well  grounded  in  the  cardinal  truths 
of  the  gospel  under  the  pi'eaching  of  Daniel  Dodge, 
John  Rodgers,  and  other  prominent  ministers  of 
that  day,  a  positive  man  of  strong  convictions,  he 
''  contended  earnestly  for  the  faith  once  delivered 
to  the  saints."'  Through  life  his  house  was  a  wel- 
come stopping-place  for  ministers  of  the  gospel. 
He  took  a  leading  part  in  the  support  of  the  gospel 
at  home  and  in  the  benevolent  enterprises  of  the 
denomination.  He  ardently  espoused  the  cause  of 
faithful  versions  of  the  Bible,  and  was  a  warm 
supporter  and  vice-president  of  the  American  Bible 
Union.  After  su fieri ng  long,  he  died  triumphantly 
8ept.  15,  1861.  Ho  gave  two  sons  to  the  ministry, 
Samuel  Swaim,  D.D.,  long  a  pastor  in  Massachu- 
setts,' now  deceased,  and  Thomas  Swaim,  D.D., 
formerly  pastor  at  Flemington,  N.  J.,  and  now 
(1880)  district  secretary  of  the  American  Baptist 
Home  Mission  Society  at  Philadelphia. 


Swaim,  Thomas,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Pember- 
ton, N.  J.,  March  30,  1817;  entered  Brown  Uni- 
versity, but  graduated  from  Madison  University  in 
1844,  and  iVom  Hamilton  Theological  Seminary  in 
1846  ;  was  ordained  in  November,  1846,  and  settled 
with  the  church  at  Washington,  Pa.  After  fouryears 
of  successful  labor  he- accepted  the  agency  of  the 
American  Baptist  Missionary  Union  for  six  months, 
at  the  end  of  which  service  he  became  pastor  at 
Flemington,  N.  J.,  where  he  remained  for  sixteen 
years.  During  this  pastorate  nearly  300  were  bap- 
tized, and  a  new  and  larger  meeting-house  was  built. 
In  1867  he  accepted  the  financial  secretaryship  of 
the  New  Jersey  Classical  and  Scientific  Institute 
at  Ilightstown.  In  1868  he  became  district  secre- 
tary of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  So- 
ciety, with  headquarters  at  Philadelphia,  which 
position  he  now  holds.  The  degree  of  D.D.  was 
conferred,  in  1865,  by  the  university  at  Lewisburg. 

Dr.  Swaim  is  an  able  preacher  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment, and  strong  in  his  defense  of  Bible  doctrines 
as  held  by  the  denomination.  To  the  work  in 
which  he  is  now  engaged  he  gives  his  undivided 
energies,  and  zealously  labors  to  secure  for  the 
society  the  largest  share  of  the  sympathies  and 
contributions  of  the  churches. 

Swan,  Rev.  Jahez  Smith,  the  distinguished 
evangelist  of  Connecticut,  son  of  Joshua  and  Esther 
(Smith)  Swan,  was  born  in  Stonington,  Conn..  Feb. 
23,  1800;  had  good  early  advantages;  aided  as 
powder-boy  in  the  defense  of  Stonington,  Aug.  9 
and  10,  1814;  removed  with  his  parents  to  Lyme, 
Conn.,  about  1816:  converted  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
one, — a  deep  experience ;  baptized  by  Kev.  Wm.  Pal- 
mer; felt  called  to  ])reach  ;  licensed  in  May,  1822; 
studied  at  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Insti- 
tution, N.  Y.  ;  settled  with  Stonington  Borough 
Baptist  church.  Conn.,  and  was  ordained  June  20, 
1827;  began  as  an  evangelist:  settled  in  Norwich, 
N.  Y.',  in  1830;  greatly  blessed  in  preaching  far 
and  near ;  settled  with  Baptist  church  in  Preston, 
N.  Y.,  in  1837;  prospered  in  revivals  around; 
in  1840  settled  with  church  in  Oxford,  N.  Y., 
and  prospered ;  returned  to  Connecticut  in  1842, 
and  conducted  remarkable  meetings  at  Stonington 
Borough,  Jlystic  Bridge,  and  New  London,  also  in 
Albany,  N.  Y.  :  in  1843  settled  with  First  Baptist 
church  in  New  London,  Conn. ;  great  blessings 
followed  ;  preached  widely  as  an  evangelist,  going 
even  to  Charlestown,  Mass. ;  in  1848  settled  with 
High  Street  church  in  Albany,  N.  Y. ;  in  1849  re- 
turned to  New  London,  Conn.,  and  became  first 
pastor  of  Huntington  Street  church  ;  another  pow- 
erful revival :  labored  in  Providence,  R.  1. :  in  1858 
settled  with  Second  church  in  New  London  ;  al- 
ways going  out  as  an  evangelist;  began  in  1860 
as  a  State  missionary  with  Rev.  M.  E.  Shailer; 
greatly  blessed  through  the  State:  again  labored  as 


SWAN 


1125 


SWANZEV 


evangelist  in  New  Ynrk  State;  settled  with  Bap- 
tist cluirch  in  Waterford,  Conn. ;  suffeicd  from 
overwork  from  1842  down  to  his  last  charge;  pow- 
erful in  his  sermons  and  in  addresses  ;  a  mighty 


REV.    J  AUEZ    SMITH    SHAN. 

man  in  prayer;  stron;r  advocate  of  education  and 
missions;  the  most  powerful  preaciier  as  an  evan- 
gelist ever  known  in  Connecticut.  A  sketch  of  his 
"  Life  and  Labors,"  an  octavo,  was  published  in 
1873,  prepared  for  the  press  by  Rev.  F.  Denison  ; 
more  than  10,()0U  conversions  occurred  under  his 
ministry.    . 

His  son,  Kev.  Charles  Y.  Swan,  D.D.,  a  very  able 
and  successful  minister,  died  in  1880.  At  the  time 
of  his  decease  he  was  the  honored  pastor  of  South 
churcii  in  Newark,  N.  J. 

Swan,  Rev.  Thomas,  for  many  years  the  emi- 
nent and  successful  ]iastor  of  the  Cannon  Street 
churcii,  Birmingham,  England,  was  born  at  Man- 
chester, Jan.  5,  1795  ;  baptized  by  Rev.  Christopher 
Anderson  at  Edinburgh  in  1817  ;  he  was  called  to 
the  ministry,  and  entered  Bristol  College  in  1821. 
In  1825  he  proceeded  to  India  to  take  part  in  the 
work  of  Serampore  College,  but  returned  to  Eng- 
land l)y  way  of  America  in  1828.  lie  settled  at 
Birmingham  in  the  beginning  of  1829,  and  for 
twenty-eight  years  held  the  pastorate  of  the  Can- 
non Street  church.  During  that  period  he  baptized 
906  persons,  a  yearly  average  of  nearly  thirty-five. 
He  died  on  March  9,  1857,  and  was  buried  at  Bir- 
mingham amidst  a  large  concourse  of  friends  and 
fellow-citizens.  It  is  recorded  of  him  that  lie  al- 
ways read  his  sermons.     His  pastoral  care  of  the 


large  congregation  was  a  remarkable  characteristic 
of  his  career. 

Swanzey  Church  is  the  oldest  Baptist  church 
in  Massachusetts,  and  only  twenty-four  years 
younger  than  the  First  Baptist  church  in  I'rovi- 
denee,  R.  I., — the  one  having  been  formed  in  lti.39 
and  the  other  in  l(J()3.  Tiie  founder  of  the  church 
was  Rev.  John  Miles,  who  came  with  a  colony  froni 
Swansea,  in  Wales,  and  settled  in  a  section  of  what 
was  then  Rehoboth,  but  subsequently  was  set  off, 
and  received  the  tiame  of  Swanzey,  in  memory  of 
the  home  from  which  many  of  its  settlers  came. 

The  Swansea  church  of  Wales,  from  which  the 
meml)ers  of  the  Swanzey,  Mass.,  church  chiefly 
came,  bringing  the  old  church  records  with  them,  in 
IGC3,  was  founded  in  1G49,  and  at  one  time  was  in 
a  highly  prosperous  condition,  having  on  the  roll 
of  its  moiiibers  the  names  of  2(15  persons.  The 
'■  Actof  Uniformity,"  passed  in  the  reign  of  Charles 
II.,  in  1G02,  which  expelled  2000  ministers  from 
their  churches,  reached  the  somewhat  secluded 
Welsh  town  of  Swansea,  and  Mr.  Miles  went  into 
e.xile,  many  of  his  flock  following  him  to  this 
country,  and  settled,  as  has  already  been  said,  in 
what  is  now  known  as  Swanzey,  Mass.,  and  entered 
into  church  relations  there  in  1GG3.  He  took  a 
deep  interest  in  his  brethren  who  were  called  to 
suffer  persecution  for  their  religious  opinions.  It 
is  said  that  "  he  labored  frequently  with  his  ))reth- 
ren  in  Boston  in  the  time  of  their  trials,  and  at  one 
period  it  was  proposed  that  he  should  become  their 
pastor.  Beingonce  brought  before  the  magistrate  for 
preaching,  he  requested  a  Bible,  and  opened  to  these 
words  in  Job  :  "  But  ye  should  say.  Why  persecute 
we  him  ?  seeing  the  root  of  the  matter  is  in  me," 
which,  having  read,  he  sat  down,  and  such  an  effect 
had  the  sword  of  the  Spirit  that  he  was  afterwards 
treated  with  moderation  if  not  with  kindness. 
'•  What  few  sketches  have  been  preserved  of  his 
life,"  says  Dr.  Benedict,  ''go  to  show  that  he  bore 
an  excellent  character,  and  was  eminently  useful 
in  his  day."  He  died  Feb.  3,  1683.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded Vjy  Rev.  Samuel  Luther,  who  had  represented 
the  town  of  Swanzey  in  the  State  Legislature.  He 
was  ordained  pastor  of  the  church  July  22,  1685. 
'■  He  was  much  esteemed,"  says  Backus,  '*  both  at 
home  and  abroad."  His  ministry  continued  thirty- 
two  years,  his  death  occurring  in  1717.  For  thirteoii 
years  Rev.  Epliraiiii  Wheaton  had  been  a  colleague 
with  Jlr.  Luther,  and  on  the  decease  of  his  vener- 
able associate  he  became  sole  pastor  of  the  ciiurcii. 
His  ministry  was  much  blessed  to  the  spiritual 
prosperity  of  the  church.  It  was  ended  by  his 
death  in  1734.  Rev.  Samuel  Maxwell,  who  had 
been  colleague  with  iMr.  Wheaton  fur  a  few  months, 
took  his  place  on  his  decease :  but  becoming  a 
Seventh-Day  Baptist,  he  resigned  his  pastorate 
after  a  few  years.     The  next  pastor  was  Rev.  Ben- 


SWARTZ 


1126 


SWEDEN 


jainin  Iliin-ingtoii,  in  office  a  few  years,  and  left 
under  a  cloud  of  suspicion  restinj^  on  iiis  cliaracter. 
Rev.  Jabez  Wood  was  the  next  minister,  continu- 
ing in  office  aljout  thirty  years,  and  was  followed 
by  Rev.  Charles  Thompson,  a  sketch  of  whose  life 
will  be  found  in  this  volume.  Tlie  church  had  a 
large  number  of  pastors  and  supplies  for  quite  a 
term  of  years,  until  we  come  down  to  1836,  when 
Dr.  Abial  Fisher  was  chosen  pastor  and  held  the 
office  for  ten  years.  We  thus  bring  the  history  of 
this  ancient  church  down  to  1(S4G,  where  we  leave 
it.  Like  all  the  old  towns  in  the  eastern  section 
of  Massachusetts,  Swanzey  has  suffered  from  the 
reinoval  of  its  inhabitants  to  other  places,  but  still 
the  old  church  maintains  its  visible  existence,  and 
preserves  the  purity  of  its  ancient  faith  and  order. 
Swartz,  James  S.,  was  born  in  Montgomery 
Co.,  Pa.,  March  21,  1840;  was  baptized  at  Falls 
of  Schuylkill,  Philadelphia,  by  Rev.  N.  J.  Clark, 
March  21,  1858  ;  is  still  connected  with  the  church 
at  Falls  of  Schuylkill,  and  has  for  a  rtumber  of 
years  been  the  efficient  superintendent  of  the  Sun- 
day-school, lie  is  also  treasurer  of  the  Philadel- 
phia Baptist  Association,  and  prominently  con- 
nected with  the  management  of  city  and  State 
mission  work.  He  is  a  man  of  marked  integrity 
and  intelligence. 

Sweden,  the  Baptists  in.— A  young  Swedish 

sailor,  by  the  name  of  W.  Schroeder,  was  one  Lord's 
day  morning  led  to  the  Baptist  Mariners"  church  in 
New  York,  then  under  the  care  of  Rev.  I.  R.  Stew- 
ard. He  had  been  converted  during  his  voyage  to 
the  United  States.  On  that  Sabbath  morning  two 
sailors  were  baptized  by  Mr.  Steward.  It  was  the 
first  time  that  Mr.  Schroeder  ever  saw  the  ordinance 
of  baptism.  After  a  few  weeks  he  was  baptized 
Iiimself. 

On  his  return  to  Sweden  he  met  a  Swedish  sailor 
by  the  name  of  F.  0.  Nilson;  who  was  laboring  in 
that  country  as  a  missionary  among  sailors,  under 
the  patronage  of  the  Seamen's  Friend  Society  of 
New  York.  Through  a  remark  make  by  Mr. 
Schroeder  Mr.  Nilson  was  led  to  investigate  the 
subject  of  baptism.  In  July,  1847,  he  also  was 
baptized,  by  Rev.  J.  G.  Oncken  in  Hamburg.  On 
the  21st  of  September,  1848,  his  wife  and  four 
others  were  baptized  in  the  Kattegat,  near  Gotten- 
burg,  by  a  Baptist  missionary  from  Denmark,  and 
the  same  evening  the  first  Baptist  church  in  Swe- 
den was  organized.  It  consisted  of  six  members. 
Jlr.  Nilson  went  around  preaching  and  baptizing 
until  the  number  of  baptized  believers  was  fift}'- 
two. 

But  this  could  not  be  allowed  by  the  Lutheran 
Romanism  of  Sweden.  Consequently,  Mr.  Nilson 
received  sentence  of  banishment  in  July,  1851,  and 
was  obliged  to  seek  refuge  in  Denmark.  In  conse- 
quence of  bitter  persecution  the   majority  of  the 


church    emigrated    to   America  in   the  spring  of 
1853. 

The  Baptists  who  remained  sufiered  severe  per- 
secution, being  often  fined  and  brought  before  the 
Consistory,  the  Inquisition  of  the  Lutheran  Church 
in  Sweden,  on  a  charge  of  not  having  had  their 
children  baptized,  and'  of  falling  away  from  the 
orthodox  faith. 

While  these  efforts  were  made  to  crush  the  move- 
ment in  the  south  of  Sweden,- a  new  interest  was 
springing  up  in  the  northern  part  of  the  country. 
A  few  persons  in  Stockholm  who  had  been  brought 
to  a  saving  knowledge  of  Christ  had  begun  to  en- 
tertain doubts  as  to  the  validity  of  infant  baptism. 
Among  these  was  a  furrier  named  D.  Forsell.  Just 
at  this  time,  Andrew  Wiberg,  whose  name  is  fa- 
miliar to  American  Baptists,  was,  in  the  providence 
of  God,  led  to  Stockholm,  and  his  name  has  since 
then  been  identified  not  only  with  the  Baptist  move- 
ment in  Sweden,  but  with  all  Christian  work.  Born 
in  the  north  of  Sweden  in  1817,  he  commenced  his 
career  as  a  clerk  in  a  store,  but  his*  love  for  books 
soon  led  him  to  abandon  this  occupation  and  to 
devote  himself  to  study.  As  a  student,  he  embraced 
skeptical  ideas.  But  some  one  made  the  remark 
to  him  once  that  the  Bible  after  all  might  be  true, 
and.  if  so,  it  would  be  a  fearful  thing  to  fall  into 
the  hands  of  the  living  God.  This  remark  left  him 
dissatisfied  with  his  skeptical  views,  and  that  awful 
"  if"  haunted  him  night  and  day.  So  intense  were 
his  feelings  that  he  had  no  peace  until  he  found 
peace  in  Christ ;  this  took  place  in  1842.  In  the 
following  3'ear  he  was  ordained  as  a  clergyman  of 
the  Lutheran  Church,  and  he  remained  as  a  min- 
ister In  that  church  until  1849.  During  this  time 
he  preached  Christ  and  him  crucified  fearlessly  and 
faithfully,  not  only  in  the  pulpits  of 'the  state 
church,  but  in  obscure  villages  and  farm-houses  in 
the  country,  and  the  Lord  blessed  his  labors  to  the 
salvation  of  many.  But  the  relation  with  the  state 
church  troubled  him,  and  in  1849  he  resigned  his 
office.  In  1850  he  traveled  from  the  north  of  Swe- 
den to  Stockholm.  There  he  met  with  those  breth- 
ren who  were  exercised  on  the  subject  of  baptism. 
In  1851  he  accompanied  Mr.  Forsell  to  Hamburg, 
where  he  met  with  the  brethren  J.  G.  Oncken  and 
J.  Kijbner,  with  whom  he  entered  into  earnest  dis- 
cussions on  the  subject,  but  continued  firm  in  his 
belief  in  in(\int  baptism.  On  his  return  to  Stock- 
holm he  began  to  study  the  subject  thoroughly. 
The  result  was  that  he  became  convinced  that  the 
immersion  of  believers  was  the  only  Scriptural 
baptism,  and,  accordingly,  he  wrote  his  first  work 
on  baptism,  an  octavo  volume  of  320  pages,  which 
was  published  in  Upsala  in  1852. 

Ilis  health  having  failed,  a  sea-voyage  was' rec- 
ommended by  his  physician,  lie  left  Stockholm 
for  the  United   States,  July  17,  1852.     The  vessel 


SWEDEN 


1127 


SWEDEN 


stopped  at  the  island  of  Ainager,  near  Copeiiliai^en, 
and  here  Mr.  Wiberg  was  baptized  in  tiio  Baltic, 
on  July  2:i,  liy  F.  0.  Nilson.  He  remained  two 
years  in  America.  During  this  time  the  religious 
movement  was  making  considerable  progress  in 
.Sweden.  There  was  also  an  interest  awakened 
among  the  Christians  in  America  for  Sweden.  In 
August,  1855,  Mr.  Wiberg  received  an  appoint- 
ment from  the  American  Baptist  Publication  So- 
ciety to  labor  as  superintendent  of  missionary  work 
in  Sweden.  On  the  evening  of  Aug.  23,  1855,  a 
farewell  meeting  was  held  at  the  Fifth  church, 
iSansom  Street.  Philadelphia,  at  which  he  was  pub- 
licly set  apart  for  the  work,  and  at  the  same  time 
united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Caroline  Lintemuth, 
who  was  a  member  of  that  church  and  a  faithful 
laborer  in  the  Sunday-school.  During  her  twenty- 
tive  years  of  missionary  labor  in  Sweden.  Mrs.  AVi- 
berg  has,  under  many  dilliculties  and  hardships, 
faithfully  and,  we  may  also  say,  heroically  stood  by 
the  side  of  her  husband  as  a  true,  loyal  helper  in 
his  missionary  work. 

During  Mr.  Wiberg's  absence  from  Sweden  the 
work  there  had  increased  year  by  year.  The  treat- 
ise on  ])aptisni,  which  he  wrote  in  1S52,  had  been 
published  and  extensively  circulated,  and  created 
a  great  sensation.  By  reading  it  many  were  con- 
vinced of  the  truth  with  regard  to  baptism,  and 
wished  to  be  baptized.  As  there  was  no  one  to 
administer  the  ordinance.  Brother  P.  F.  Ilejden- 
berg  went  to  Ilamliurg  in  the  spring  of  1854,  and 
was  there  baptized  and  ordained.  On  his  return 
to  Sweden  he  baptized  in  different  parts  of  the 
country  a  number  of  believers,  and,  at  the  close  of 
the  year,  there  were  about  200  baptized  converts. 
The  following  year — 1855 — was  marked  by  a  still 
greater  increase,  so  that  at  its  close  the  number 
had  increased  to  500. 

But  the  state  church  could  not  allow  this  move- 
ment. Brother  Ilejdenberg  was  within  a  short 
period  summoned  sixteen  times  to  appear  before 
judicial  tribunals  to  answer  the  charge  of  having 
held  religious  meetings  contrary  to  law,  and  he  re- 
ceived eight  imprisonments,  each  lasting  from  two 
to  fourteen  days.  In  the  same  year  persecution 
was  carried  on  in  several  provinces  of  the  country. 
Thus,  e.g.,  Brother  D.  Forsell  was  sentenced  to  a 
fine  of  100  crowns  for  preaching  the  gospel,  and 
5  crowns  in  addition  for  violation  of  the  Sabbath 
in  preaching  on  Sunday. 

On  their  arrival  in  Stockholm,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Wiberg  found  a  little  band  of  24  baptized  be- 
lievers. The  first  Baptist  Sunday-school  in  Swe- 
den was  opened  with  22  children,  which  numl)er 
soon  increased  to  150. 

In  1856,  Mr.  Wil)erg  started  a  semi-monthly  re- 
ligious paper,  called  the  Evangelixt .  In  the  same 
year    the    Missionary    Union    of    Stockholm    was 


formed,  and  four  evangelists  sent  out  into  the 
field.  Great  good  has  been  done  through  this  and 
other  similar  societies  afterwards  formed  in  differ- 
I'nt  parts  of  the  country. 

At  the  close  of  1856  there  were  21  Baptist 
churches  in  the  country,  with  9GI  members  and 
24  preachers.  As  the  cause  progressed  persecu- 
tion grew  fiercer,  and  fines  and  imprisonments 
were  reported  almost  every  week.  Some  persons 
even  died  from  barbarous  punishment.  The  fol- 
lowing year  1292  were  baptized,  and  at  the  close 
of  the  year  we  had  2105  church  members,  45 
churches,  and  44  preachers. 

Even  in  this  year  severe  persecution  continued 
to  rage,  especially  in  the  south  of  Sweden.  There 
the  authorities  seized  upon  our  Baptist  preachers 
and  imprisoned  them  whenever  they  found  them 
outside  the  limits  of  their  own  parish.  Six  of  our 
brethren  were  at  one  time  imprisoned  in  solitary 
confinement  at  Ciiristianstad,  and  some  were 
treated  most  barbarously.  One  of  them,  a  blind 
evangelist,  was  confined  in  this  prison  eight  days 
for  having  circulated  religious  books  and  tracts. 
When  he  was  taken  from  prison  an  iron  chain  was 
attached  to  one  of  his  ankles,  and  he  was  then 
taken  in  a  prison-van  to  another  station,  where 
new  irons  were  put  ujion  him.  In  this  condition 
he  was  sent  back  to  his  home,  and  compelled  to 
pay  a  considerable  sum  of  money.  As  he  had  no 
money  of  his  own,  they  took  what  he  had  received 
from  the  sale  of  liooks,  and  also  a  watch  which  he 
wore,  but  which  was  not  his  own.  Another  evan- 
gelist and  colporteur  was  seized,  severely  beaten, 
stripped  of  his  clothing,  thrown  into  cold  water, 
had  his  h.air  cut  close  to  his  head,  was  dressed  in 
a  thin  prisoner's  dress,  and  then  cast  into  a  damp 
cell  in  the  cold  season  of  the  year.  There  he  was 
seized  with  an  illness,  from  which  he  never  fully 
recovered. 

In  the  following  year — 1858 — our  membership 
increased  to  3487  in  09  churches. 

At  this  time  a  young  nolilernan  by  the  name  of 
A.  Drake,  who  had  studied  for  the  ministry  at  the 
University  of  Upsala,  joined  our  denomination. 
He  has  since  proved  to  be  one  of  '•  the  excellent 
of  the  earth,"  working  most  faithfully  and  efii- 
ciently  as  an  editor  of  our  denominational  paper, 
The  Wer-khj  Post,  and  as  a  teacher  in  our  theologi- 
cal seminary,  not  to  mention  his  work  in  many 
other  branches  of  Christian  enterprise. 

As  the  meeting-house  of  the  Baptists  in  Stock- 
holm had  for  a  long  time  been  too  small  to  contain 
all  who  attended  worship,  and  as  the  church  in 
Stockholm  had  no  means  for  erecting  a  larger 
house,  Mr.  Wil)ertr  undertook,  in  the  year  1861,  a 
journey  to  Kngiand,  and  succeeded  in  collecting 
£1100.  But  as  this  sum  was  entirely  too  small  to 
'  justify  an  attempt  to  build,  he,  with  Mrs.  Wiberg, 


SWEDEN 


1128 


SWEET 


left  again  in  August,  1863,  for  America,  to  collect 
for  the  same  purpose.  Tliere  they  received  a 
hearty  welcome  in  many  places  and  from  many 
dear  Christian  friends,  who  took  a  lively  interest 
in  the  Swedish  Mission.  During  their  stay  in 
America  they  met  Mr.  K.  O.Broady,  a  Swede  by 
birth,  who  had  studied  for  the  ministry  at  Madison 
University,  and  afterwards  served  in  the  war. 
They  also  met  A.  E.  Edgren,  D.D.,  wlio  had 
studied  at  the  same  place,  and  served  in  the  war. 
These  brethren  were,  together  with  Mr.  Wiberg, 
appointed  missionaries  to  Sweden,  and  sailed  from 
America  the  16th  of  June,  1866.  Mr.  Broady  has 
since  then  been  laboring  as  superintendent  of  our 
theological  seminary,  established  the  same  year, 
and  also  as  a  prominent  preacher.  Dr.  Edgren  re- 
turned in  a  few  years  to  America,  and  has  done  a 
good  work  as  principal  of  the  Scandinavian  de- 
partment in  the  Baptist  Theological  Seminary  in 
Chicago. 

The  work  from  that  time  till  now  kas  wonder- 
fully increased,  so  that  the  Baptists  in  Sweden 
number  to-day  about  20,000,  united  in  300  churches. 
They  have  also  many  missionary  societies  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  country.  They  have  been  the 
pioneers  of  Sunday-school  work,  and  they  have 
about  17,000  scholars  in  their  Sunday-schools,  with 
2000  teachers.  We  have  also,  after  many  difficul- 
ties, recently  had  a  hymn-book  prepared  for  our 
denomination. 

But,  though  the  results  of  past  labors  are  thus 
far  encouraging,  very  much  "remains  to  be  done. 
The  country  at  large,  though  nominally  Protestant, 
is  still  sunk  in  ignorance,  superstition,  bigotry,  in- 
tolerance, and  vice.  The  'Baptists  in  Sweden  are 
poor.  Out  of  300  churches  there  are  only  five  or 
six  who  can  support  their  own  ministers,  and  the 
prospect  for  our  young  men  who  go  out  from  our, 
theological  seminary  is  certainly  not  very  bright. 
We  have  also,  as  yet,  the  same  opposition  and  the 
same  persecution  to  contend  against.  Only  a  few 
days  ago  a  young,  earnest,  and  good  Baptist  min- 
ister, in  the  south  of  Sweden,  \^as  sentenced  to  a 
line  of  100  crowns  for  having  preached  the  gospel 
to  the  people  against  the  prohibition  of  the  church 
council.  Only  three  years  ago  he  was  imprisoned 
fifty-one  days  for  the  same  cause,  and,  as  he  has 
no  money  to  pay  the  fine,  he  will  be  imprisoned 
the  second  time.  This  is  the  latest  addition  to 
the  black-list  of  similar  deeds  perpetrated  by  the 
Lutheran  State  Church  of  Sweden. 

Sweet,  Rev.  Joel,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1795,  in 
Burlington,  Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y.  His  father  was  an 
ordained  Baptist  minister,  who,  removing  to  Illinois 
about  1820,  died  near  Jacksonville,  in  that  State, 
in  1837.  The  son  Joel  having  experienced  a  change 
of  heart  in  1813,  was  baptized  in  1817,  uniting 
with  the  Baptist  church   at  Virgil  Corners,  Cort- 


land Co.,  N.  Y.  In  1825,  removing  to  Homer,  he 
came  under  the  personal  influence  of  Rev.  Alfred 
Bennett,  who  now  became  his  pastor,  and  under 
that  influence  found  his  convictions  of  duty  as  to 
the  Christian  ministry  much  strengthened.  Aljout 
two  years  later  he  decided  to  devote  himself  to  that 
work,  and  preached  his  first  sermon  at  Lisle,  in 
Broome  County,  to  which  place  he  had  in  the  mean 
time  removed.  An  interesting  revival  occurred  at 
this  place,  beginning  in  a  Bible-class  taught  by 
Mr.  Sweet,  and  in  this  revival  one  afterwards  well 
known  in  the  ministry  of  Illinois,  Rev.  F.  Ketchem, 
was  converted.  Mr.  Sweet  now  determined  to 
make  the  West  hi$  future  home,  and  Feb.  23,  1830, 
arrived  at  Diamond  Grove,  near  Jacksonville,  111. 
He  immediately  entered  with  great  energy  into 
Western  work,  becoming  especially  conspicuous  for 
the  vigor  with  which  he  assailed  the  anti-mission- 
ai'y,  anti-Sunday-school,  and  anti-temperance  influ- 
ences in  the  midst  of  which  he  found  himself;  his 
first  special  engagement  Ijeing  as  a  temperance  lec- 
turer under  the  appointment  of.  the  New  York 
State  Temperance  Society  ;  afterwards  agent  of  the 
American  Sunday-School  Union.  He  was  ordained 
at  Diamond  Grove  in  1833.  In  his  agency  work 
he  traveled  very  extensively  through  Central  Illi- 
nois, and  was  the  means  of  great  good  in  giving 
right  direction  to  public  sentiment,  founding  Sun- 
day-schools, and  encouraging  weak  churches.  He 
was  subsequently  engjiged  in  fruitful  missionary 
work  in  Springfield  and  Quincy  Associations.  He 
also  served  as  pastor  the  churches  of  Mount  Ster- 
ling, Meridian,  Barry,  Lamarsh,  and  Treville.  He 
died  at  the  house  of  his  son,  E.  D.  L.  Sweet,  Esq., 
in  Chicago,  May  8,  1857. 

Sweet,  Rev.  John  Davis,  was  born  in  Kings- 
ton, JNIass.,  Oct.  16,  183S.  He  received  his  early 
education  in  the  Lyman  School,  East  Boston,  and 
was  fitted  for  college  in  the  Middleborough  Acad- 
emy and  at  the  Cambridge  High  School.  In  these 
preparatory-  schools  he  took  the  first  rank  in  schol- 
arship, deportment,  and  attendance.  So  far  ad- 
vanced was  he  in  his  studies  that  he  was  able  to 
enter  the  Sophomore  class  in  Harvard  College  in 
1857.  Here  he  stood  very  high  in  his  class,  and 
was  prosecuting  his  work  with  success  when  failing 
health  compelled  him  to  abandon  study  for  a  time 
and  seek  restoration  by  travel  in  Europe.  lie  had 
become  a  hopeful  Christian  while  a. student  in  the 
Middleborough  Academy,  and  the  ministry  was  his 
chosen  vocation.  The  failure  of  his  health,  how- 
ever, compelled  him  to  lay  aside  his  plans  with 
reference  to  preaching.  About  the  commencement 
of  the  year  1862  he  embarked  in  business  in  old 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  connecting  himself  with  the 
Baptist  church  in  that  place,  and  becoming  one  of 
its  most  active  members.  His  health  improving, 
his  former  desire  to  enter  the  Christian  ministry 


1^ 


SWEET 


1129 


S  YD  NOR 


revived,  and  he  decided  to  give  up  his  business. 
He  was  ordained  in  October,  1^*63,  as  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Billcrica,  Mass.,  where  he  re- 
mained five  years.  lie  was  then  called  to  the  im- 
portant position  of  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Somorvillc,  Mass.,  i)ein<;;  installed  May 
4,  186.S.  In  tlic  midst  of  a  ciireer  of  j;reat  useful- 
ness he  died  at  the  early  age  of  thirty  years.  Not 
long  before  his  death  he  made  arrangements  for 
the  payment  of  $10,OUO  to  the  Missionary  Union 
at  his  decease,  subject  to  the  condition  that  the 
interest  on  this  sum  should  he  paid  to  his  wife 
during  her  life. 

Sweet,  Rev.  Sylvester  E.,  the  pastor  of  the 

Baptist  church  at  Klkhorn,  Wis.,  was  born  in  Leeds 
Co.,  Canada  West,  in  1<S39.  He  passed  his  early 
childhood  in  the  place  of  his  birth,  but  when  six 
years  of  age  be  bc(;ame  a  resident  of  Wisconsin. 
He  was  almost  at  the  same  time  thrown  upon  bis 
own  resources,  and  very  early  in  life  developed  that 
independence  of  character  which  has  signally 
marke<l  his  subsequent  career.  He  obtained  a  hope 
in  Christ  when  twenty-three  years  of  age,  and  a 
few  years  later,  in  18G7,  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  at  Lone  Rock,  Wis.  Having  determined  to 
prepare  himself  for  the  Christian  ministry,  he  began 
a  course  of  studies  with  a  view  of  fitting  himself 
for  that  work.  Having  finished  his  preparatory 
studies  at  Silsby's  Academy,  be  entered  Wayland 
University  in  187U,  and  completed  the  prescribed 
course  of  that  institution.  He  was  ordained  in 
1870  at  Marble  Ridge,  Sauk  Co.,  Wis.,  Rev.  Joel 
W.  Fish  being  moderator  of  the  council  and  preach- 
ing the  sermon.  He  has  been  pastor  at  De  Soto 
two  years,  Beaver  Dam  two  years,  Trempeleau 
three  years,  Monticello  Prairie  and  Albany  two 
years,  and  is  at  present  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
churches  at  Elkhorn  and  Sugar  Creek.  During  his 
ministry  his  labors  have  been  largely  blessed. 

Possessed  of  great  energy  and  decision,  com- 
bined with  fine  business  tact  and  devoted  piety,  be 
has  shown  himself  a  good  preacher,  a  good  pastor, 
and  a  successful  laborer  in  the  vineyard  of  the 
Master. 

Swinney,  Rev.  C.  P.,  M.D.,  a  prominent  and 
useful  minister  in  South  Arkansas,  was  born  in 
1837.  He  began  his  ministry  among  the  Method- 
ists, and  came   to  Arkansas  from  Mississippi  as  a 


Methodist  preaclier  just  before  the  late  war. 
A  careful  examination  of  the  action  and  sub- 
jects of  baptisiu  led  to  a  change  of  views,  and 
he  united  with  tiie  Baptists  at  Atlanta,  Ark.,  about 
1863,  and  was  soon  after  ordained  as  a  Bafitist 
minister,  and  enterc^d  upon  a  successful  work  in 
Columbia  Co.,  Ark.,  and  in  the  adjoining  f)arts  of 
Louisiana.  He  bad  many  converts,  some  of  whom 
have  become  useful  ministers.  For  some  years  past 
he  has  pursued  the  practice  of  medicine  in  connec- 
tion with  till'  ministry.      He  died  June,  1880. 

Sydnor,  T.  W.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Hanover 
Co.,  Va.,  June  1,  1816.  He  was  brought  up  a 
Presbyterian,  was  awakened  under  a  sermon 
preached  by  Dr.  W.  S.  Plumer,  and  baptized  in 
1831  into  the  fellowsliip  of  the  Second  Baptist 
churcii,  Richmond,  Va.  In  ]S,'')5  he  entered  the 
Virginia  Ba{)tist  Seminary  (Riciniiond  (Jollege), 
and  in  183.")  the  Columbian  College,  where  he  grad- 
uated in  1838,  afterwards  spending  two  years  at 
Newton  Theological  Seminary.  He  was  licensed 
to  preach  by  the  Second  Baptist  church  of  Rich- 
mond in  1.S36,  and  ordained  .at  Bruingti>n  church. 
King  and  (^ueen  Co.,  in  1841.  During  1841  sup- 
plied tiiat  church  ;  during  1842  was  an  agent  for  the 
Columbian  College  ;  during  1843  pastor  at  Farm- 
ville  ;  during  1844—4.5  was  agent  of  the  Baptist  Gen- 
eral Convention  fur  Foreign  Missions;  and  during 
1846  agent  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention. 
From  1847.  through  a  period  of  thirty  years.  Dr. 
Sydnor  preached  for  several  churches  in  Nottoway 
Co.,  Va.,  where  be  has  been  greatly  blessed,  having 
baptized  more  than  3000  persons.  In  1870  he  was 
appointed  county  superintendent  of  public  schools. 
He  has  been  in  the  employ  of  the  American  Bap- 
tist Publication  Society  in  Sunday-school  work 
among  the  colored  population.  He  is  connected 
with  several  of  the  boards  of  the  denomination, 
and  has  frequently  presided  as  moderator  in  Asso- 
ciations, and  is  a  trustee  of  Richmond  College.  He 
has  published  several  excellent  sermons,  and  is  a 
frequent  contributor  to  the  lieliijlous  Herald.  Dr. 
Sydnor's  first  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Chapin, 
of  the  Columbian  College.  A  very  promising  son 
of  his,  studying  for  the  ministry,  lost  his  life  in  the 
battle  of  Sharpsburg,  Md.  The  Columbian  College 
conferred  the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  on  Mr.  Sj'd- 
nor  in  1873. 


72 


TAFT 


1130 


TALBIRD 


T. 


Taft,   Sylvanus   Adon,   D.D.,   was   bom   at 

Mendon.  N.  Y.,  Jan.  6,  1825.  In  1S30  his  parents 
removed  to  AVashirtgton,  Mich.,  where  he  confessed 
the  Saviour,  and  was  immersed  at  Stoney  Creek, 
when  he  was  eleven  years  old,  by  Rev.  G.  D.  Sim- 
mons. He  was  educated  at  Romeo,  Rochester, 
Michigan  University,  Rochester  University,  and 
Rochester  Theological  Seminary  ;  was  ordained  at 
Stoney  Creek,  Mich.,  in  1845  ;  graduated  at  Roch- 
ester, N.  Y.,  in  1852.  He  was  pastor  at  Stoney 
Creek,  Mount  Vernon,  Ypsilanti,  and  Ilolley,  Mich. ; 
Webster,  N.  Y. ;  Quincy,  111. ;  Bethel,  Palmyra,  and 
Macon,  Mo. ;  Santa  Rosa  and  Vacavjlle,  Cal. ;  re- 
moving to  the  Pacific  coast  in  1875.  During  his 
pastorates  he  has  been  largely  engaged  as  an  in- 
structor. He  was  principal  of  Disco  Seminary  one 
year;  Oxford  Institute,  three  years;  Fenton  High 
School,  four  years;  president  of  the  Baptist  college 
at  Palmyra  three  years,  and  of  California  College 
one  year.  He  is  the  author  of  the  work  entitled 
''  An  Epitome  of  the  Gospel."  Dr.  Taft  is  a  clear 
thinker,  ready  speaker,  warm  in  his  sympathies, 
and  an  influential  and  honored  leader  in  the  de- 
nomination. 

Taggart,  Rev.  John  M.,  was  born  near  Phil- 
adelphia, Pa.,  Nov.  17,  1817,  of  Scotch-Irish  an- 
cestry. His  early  yearS  were  spent  in  that  city. 
Driven  by  the  crash  of  1837  to  seek  employment 
elsewhere,  he  went  to  the  city  of  Washington,  and 
remained  there  about  four  years.  Then  he  re- 
moved to  Kentucky,  where,  under  the  ministrations 
of  Elder  Wm.  Vaughan,  he  was  converted,  and  bap- 
tized at  Bloomfield,  Nelson  Co.  He  was  licensed 
to  preacii  by  the  Bloomfield  church  in  November, 
1843,  and  ordained  Dec.  27,  1845.  Removed  sub- 
sequently to  Illinois,  and  spent  several  years  at 
Jacksonville.  In  1855  removed  to  Nebraska,  just 
opened  for  settlement,  reaching  Omaha  about  May 
1.  -He  was  pastor  at  Nebraska  City  for  four  years, 
during  which  time  the  church  edifice  was  built. 
Since  that  time  he  has  labored  wherever  .God's 
providence  has  called  him.  Since  1871  he  has  re- 
sided at  Palmyra,  laboring  diligently  in  the  Mas- 
ter's cause,  and  waiting  the  signal  Aviiich  shall  in- 
vite him  to  rest  from  his  labors.  For  years  he  has 
been  the  honored  president  of  the  State  Conven- 
tiom. 

Talbird,  Henry,  D.D.,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1811, 
on  Hilton  Head  Island,  Beaufort  District,  S.  C. 
His  family  were  among  tlie  earliest  settlers  and 


most  prominent  citizens  of  the  State.  His  grand- 
father, John  Talbird,  was  a  commissioned  officer  in 
the  war  of  the  Revolution,  and  carried  to  his  grave 
marks  of  the  wounds  he  had  received  iu  battle. 

Henry  Talbird  was  educated  at  Madison  Unit'er- 
sith,  N.  Y.,  and  his  studies  embraced  a  full  col- 
legiate and  theological  course.  After  graduating 
from  the  theological  department  in  1841  he  was 
called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church,  Tus- 
caloosa, Ala.  At  the  close  of  his  first  j^ear's  ser- 
vice the  church  unanimously  invited  him  to  become 
its  permanent  pastor,  with  a  considerable  increase 
of  salary.  But  he  had  received  a  call  to  Mont- 
gomery, in  the  same  State,  anij  he  concluded  to 
remove  to  that  city,  where  he  remained  nine  years. 
.  In  these  two  pastorates  his  ministrations  were 
greatly  blessed,  the  churches  were  built  up  in  faith 
and  zeal,  and  largely  strengthened  in  numbers. 
At  the  time  of  his  resignation  of  its  pastorate  the 
church  in  Montgomery  had  become,  with  one  ex- 
ception, the  strongest  Baptist  church  in  Alabama. 

While  in  Montgomery  he  was  elected  to  tiie  pro- 
fessorship of  Theology  in  Howard  College,  Marion, 
Ala.,  and  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  office  in 
January,  1852.  At  the  close  of  the  first  year  he 
was  elected  president  of  the  college,  and  maintained 
that  relation  until  the  commencement  of  the  civil 
Avar,  in  1861.  In  1854  the  honorary^  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity  Avas  conferred  upon  him  by  the 
University  of  Alabama.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
war  he  tried  to  retain  his  students,  but  the  excited 
fee'lings  of  the  people  rendered  it  impossible,  and 
the  school  became  practically  empty. 

During  Dr.  Talbird's  administraticin  Howard  Col- 
lege was  prospered  as  it  had  never  been  before. 
Not  only  was  the  number  of  students  largely  in- 
creased, but  the  interest  of  the  Baptist  denomina- 
tion throughout  the  State  was  aroused,  and  the 
brethren  came  rcadilj'  and  promptly  to  its  assist- 
ance. So  that  in  less  than  six  years  the  endow- 
ment fund  was  increased  from  845,000  to  S225,000, 
besides  adding  to  its  possessions  property  to  the 
value  of  §79,000.  At  the  opening  of  the  war  it  was 
one  of  the  most  flourishing  institutions  in  the 
South. 

Dr.  Talbird  embraced  the  cause  of  the  Confed- 
erate States,  and  lent  all  his  energies  to  convert 
their  battles  into  victories.  In  1861  he  entered 
the  Confederate  army  with  the  rank  of  captain,  in 
the  7th  Alabama  Regiment.    At  the  close  of  the  first 


TALBOT 


1131 


TALIAFERRO 


campaign  he  became  a  colonel,  and  organized  the 
41st  Alabama  Kegiment.  While  in  the  army,  he 
was  engaged  in  a  number  of  battles  and  skirmishes, 
and  enjoyed  the  full  confidence  of  officers  and 
men.  After  nearly  three  years  -of  honorable  ser- 
vice he  was  compelled  to  resign  his  commission  on 
account  of  ill  health.  At  the  close  of  the  war  his 
health  was  still  feeble,  and  he  accepted  a  country 
pastorate,  where  his  labors  would  not  be  so  great 
as  in  the  charges  he  held  before.  lie  spent  two 
and  a  half  years  in  Carlonville,  Dallas  Co.,  Ala., 
making  a  faithful  and  successful  pastor,  and  win- 
ning the  warm  regards  of  his  people.  Ilis  health 
remaining  feeble,  he  concluded  to  spend  some  time 
in  traveling,  and  with  feelings  of  profound  regret, 
felt  compelled  to  I'csign  his  pastorate  and  leave  his 
people. 

At  the  close  of  some  six  months  he  received  and 
accepted  a  call  to  Henderson,  Ky.  Ilis  ministry 
here  was  marked  by  that  deep  devotion  to  the 
interests  of  religion  which  endears  the  pastor  to  his 
people,  and  the  church  was  greatly  strengthened. 
After  laboring  in  Henderson  three  years  and  a 
half,  he  received  a  call  to  the  First  Baptist  church 
of  Lexington,  Mo.,  and  in  April,  1872,  lie  entered 
upon  his  pastorate  there.  Over  nine  years  have 
elapsed  since  he  took  charge  of  this  church,  and 
the  affectionate  regards  of  his  people  make  his  resi- 
dence in  Lexington  very  happy.  He  is  possessed 
of  much  personal  magnetism,  that  attracts  men  to 
him.  He  has  been  elected  a  trustee  of  William 
Jewell  College,  and  president  of  its  board  of  edu- 
cation. He  is  held  in  high  esteem  by  the  faculty 
of  that  institution. 

He  is  polished  in  manners  and  address.  He  is 
devoted  to  study,  and  spends  a  large  portion  of 
his  time  in  his  well-selected  library.  He  preaches 
from  copious  notes,  but  the  greater  portion  of  his 
discourse  is  extempore.  His  preaching  is  sound 
and  practical,  his  logic  clear  and  convincing.  His 
sermons  exhibit  research  and  careful  preparation, 
and  always  command  the  attention  of  his  hearers 
from  the  beginning  to  the  end.  During  his  min- 
istry lie  has  baptized  over  2()U1)  persons.  Dr.  Tal- 
bird  exhibits  no  evidence  of  advancing  years  in  his 
pulpit  ministrations. 

Talbot,  Sansom,  D.D.,  was  born  near  Urbana, 
0.,  June  "JS,  1.S2S;  removed  with  his  parents  in 
183'J  to  McDonougii  Co.,  111.,  where,  in  1840,  he  was 
converted,  and  united  with  the  St.  Mary's  Baptist 
church.  Immediately  upon  his  conversion  he  de- 
cided to  study  for  the  ministry,  and  in  the  autumn 
of  1846  entered  Granville  College,  where  he  gradu- 
ated with  honor  in  18.')1.  After  spending  a  year 
as  tutor  at  Granville,  he  went  to  Newton  Theolog- 
ical Seminary,  where  he  took  a  full  theological 
course.  While  at  Newton  he  was  appointed  by 
the  Missionary  Union  as  a  missionary  to  Siam,  but 


circumstances  causing  delay  he  relinquished  liis 
purpose,  and  accepted  a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Dayton,  0.,  a  position  which 
he  held  from  1850  to  1803.  In  June,  1803,  he  was 
elected  president  of  Donison  University,  then  at 
a  very  critical  period  in  its  history.  Assuming  at 
once  the  duties  of  this  position  he  gave  it  all  the 
energies  of  his  nature,  and  the  aspect  of  things 
speedily  changed.  After  ten  years  of  most  suc- 
cessful but  exhausting  toil  he  died  at  Newton  Cen- 
tre, Mass.,  where  he  had  gone  for  rest,  June  29, 
1873. 

Dr.  Talbot  was  a  man  of  boundless  energy  and 
courage.  He  went  grandly  through  his  life  of 
study,  and  attained  a  scholarship  which  put  him 
in  the  front  rank  of  educated. men.  His  presence 
at  Denison  was  an  inspiration.  While  yet  a  student 
at  Newton  he  gave  valuable  assistance  to  Dr.  Sears 
in  his  preparation  of  Ilogct's  ''  Thesaurus."  His 
sermons  and  lectures  were  models  of  clearness  and 
conciseness.  His  early  death  was  an  occasion  for 
mourning  throughout  the  entire  country. 

Taliaferro,  Rev.  Robert  H.,  was  bom  in  Ken- 
tucky, Oct.  19,  1824.  Ilis  mother  dying  early,  lie 
was  trained  by  his  sisters ;  educated  at  Granville 
College,  0.,  and  the  Western  Baptist  Theological 
Serainiiry,  Covington,  Ky. ;  professed  religion  at 
Granville ;  ordained  to  the  gospel  ministry  at  Lubur- 
grund  church,  Montgomery  Co.,  Ky.,  Sept.  15, 1846; 
was  pastor  at  Galveston,  Texas,  several  years  ;  spent 
most  of  his  subsequent  life  at  Austin,  except  two 
years,  when  he  was  a  missionary  among  the  Choc- 
taw Indians.  His  labors  at  Austin  covered  nearly 
twenty-five  years,  and  were  largely  without  com- 
pensation, and  at  a  great  sacrifice  to  himself.  The 
first  church  in  AVilliamson  County  was  organized 
by  him,  when  there  was  not  a  glass  window  or 
plank  floor  in  the  county.  Ilis  labors  at  Bastrop, 
Webberville,  Round  Rock,  and  Chapel  Hill  were 
productive  of  great  good.  He  was  elected  and 
served  as  chaplain  of  the  senate  of  the  twelfth, 
thirteenth,  and  fourteenth  Legislatures  of  Texas, 
and  he  was  one  of  the  voluntary  chaplains  of  the 
constitutional  convention  of  1875. 

He  was  associated  with  Rev.  George  W.  Baines, 
Sr.,  either  as  editor  or  special  contributor  of  the 
Texas  Baptist  for  six  years.  Besides  contributions 
to  periodicals,  which  were  numerous  and  very  able, 
he  wrote  three  works  of  a  religious  character, — one 
on  "Infidelity,"  another  entitled  "  AV'liich  is  our 
Saviour,  Christ  or  the  Church?"  the  third  is  a 
"  Series  of  Sermons."  The  first  two  were  pub- 
lished, and  are  able,  exhaustive,  and  practical 
works.  The  third  has  not  been  published.  He 
died  Nov.  19,  1875,  leaving  a  wife,  one  son,  and 
four  ilaughtcrs  to  the  care  of  a  devoted  father  and 
grandfather.  He  was  remarkalile  for  his  indiO'er- 
ence  to  worldly  goods,  and  cared  little  for  secular 


TALLMADGE 


1132 


TAYLOR 


honors.  The  nuinher  of  sermons  wliich  lie  preached, 
tlie  number  of  persons  he  baptized,  and  the  number 
converted  under  his  ministry  must  lie  counted  by 
thousands.  No  purer,  abler,  more  devoteil,  self- 
sacrificing  minister  of  the  New  Testament  has  lived 
or  died  in  Texas.  Rev.  George  W.  Baines,  Sr., 
says  of  him,  '"that  he  was  the  man  who  did  more 
by  his  pen  to  establish  Bible  truth  in  the  minds  of 
Texas  Baptists  than  any  other  writer  in  the  State 
or  out  of  it." 

Tallmadge,  Judge  Matthias  B.,  was  bom  at 
Stamford,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  1,  1774; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  1795  ;  studied  law  with 
Chief-Justice  Spencer  at  Hudson,  N.  Y. :  practised 
at  Herkimer;  represented  his  county  in  the  State 
Legislature  and  tlie  western  district  of  New  York 
in  the  State  senate.  His  marked  abilities  and  as- 
siduity in  the  discharge  of  public  duties  brought 
him  to  the  notice  of  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  who  appointed  him  judge  of  the  U.  S.  Dis- 
trict Court  for  New  York.  This  reStilted  in  his 
removal  to  New  York  City,  where,  notwithstand- 
ing a  feeble  constitution  and  almost  constant  ail- 
ments, he  won  great  distinction  for'  the  masterly 
manner  in  which  he  performed  the  varied  and  dif- 
ficult duties  of  his  office.  It  was  during  this  period 
of  his  busy  life  that  he  gave  profound  study  to  the 
AV'ord  of  God,  and  while  spending  the  summer  of 
1811  at  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  made  a  profession  of 
faith,  and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Lewis  Leonards, 
then  pastor  there. 

Although  much  occupied  with  his  judicial  duties 
and  a  great  sufferer  from  periodical  attacks  of  fever, 
he  became  deeply  interested  in  all  the  missionary 
enterprises  of  the  denomination,  and  occupied  po- 
sitions of  high  trust  in  the  General  Baptist  Con- 
vention, and  on  its  executive  board.  His  illness  in 
his  latter  years  made  it  necessary  for  him  to  spend 
his  winters  in  the  Southern  States,  whore  he  im- 
proved his  opportunities  to  acquaint  himself  with 
the  leading  men  and  enterprises  of  the  denomina- 
tion, and  so  much  did  i)e  endear  himself  to  the 
Southern  people  thatthey  appointed  him  to  repre- 
sent their  churches  in  the  original  and  the  succeed- 
ing meetings  of  the  General  Convention.  In  1803 
he  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Clinton,  daughter  Of 
Hon.  George  Clinton,  then  governor  of  New  York, 
and  afterwards  Vice-President  of  the  United  States. 
He  died  Oct.  7,  1819,  in  the  forty-sixth  year  of  his 
age,  at  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y..  greatly  lamented  by 
his  family,  his  church,  and  the  nation. 

Tanner,  Robert  Lynn,  a  prominent  layman  in 
Louisiana,  was  born  in  South  Carolina  in  1793; 
came  to  Rapides  Parish,  La.,  in  1813.  He  was  a 
man  of  large  means,  which  he  liberally  employed 
for  the  Master's  cause.  For  many  years  he  sup- 
ported the  pastor  of  the  Chcrryville  Baptist  church, 
of  which  he  was  a  deacon  ;  was  often  elected  mod- 


erator of  the  Louisiana  Baptist  Association  and 
vice-president 'of  the  State  Convention. 

Tappan,  Lewis  N.,  a  New  Englander  by  birth, 
was  not  a  professor  of  religion  till  actively  engaged 
in  business.  When  he  became  a  Ciiristian  he  en- 
gaged in  religious  work  with  all  his  might.  Much  of 
his  time  was  spent  in  -the  Rocky  Mountains  anions: 
the  miners,  but  he  found  opportunities  for  attend- 
ing to  his  religious  duties, .and  shared  his  means 
in  helping  when  assistance  was  needed,  whether  at 
home  or  abroad.  He  was  a  natural  leader  and  a 
good  counselor.  He  died  in  1880  at  Leadville, 
Col.,  where  he  will  ))e  much  missed.  He  was 
widely  known  and  highly  esteemed. 

Tatum,  S.  0.— In  1S70  the  Baptists  of  North 
Carolina  were  called  on  to  mourn  the  loss  of  Mr. 
S.  0.  Tatum,  a  wise  and  good  man,  wiio  did  mucii 
to  develop  the  churches  of  his  part  of  the  State. 
He  was  Ijorn  in  Davie  Co.,  N.  C  and  at  the  age 
of  twenty-five  determined  to  o})tain  a  liberal  edu- 
cation, lie  graduated  at  Wake  Forest  CiJlege  in 
1852.  The  last  years  of  his  life.were  devoted  to 
teaching  and  to  the  improvement  of  the  churches 
of-  the  Yadkin  Association,  of  which  he  was  mod- 
erator. 

Taylor,  Rev.  Alfred,  a  minister  widely  known 
and  of  great  moral  worth,  was  the  son  of  Rev. 
Joseph  Taylor,  and  was  born  in  AVarren  Co.,  Ky.. 
July  19,  1808.  When  three  years  of  age  he  was 
taken  by  his  parents»to  Butler  County,  where  he 
grew  up  to  manhood.  He  attended  a  school  con- 
ducted by  Rev.  D.  L.  ]\Iansfield.  and  was  after- 
wards under  tiie  tutorship  of  the  distinguished 
Rev.  William  Warder.  He  was  for  many  years 
the  intimate  friend  and  fellow-laborer  of  Dr.  J.  M. 
Pendleton.  He  united  with  Sandy  Creek  Baptist 
church,  in  Butler  County,  in  1829;  was  licensed 
to  preach  in  1831.  and  ordained  in  183-4.  lie 
soon  became  '"pastor  of  four  country  churches.'" 
But'his  labor  embraced  a  much  larger  field.  He 
introduced  into  Gasper  River  Association  in  1837 
the  practice  of  holding  "  protracted  meetings.'' 
"  Within  less  than  six  months.'"  Rev.  Dr.  J.  S. 
Coleman  states,  "  he  baptized  over  800  persons."' 
From  this  time  he  labored  with  indefatigable  zeal 
for  more  than  twenty  years,  and  with  a  degree  of 
success  that  few  men  have  attained.  Of  the  mul- 
titude baptized  by  him  more  than  thirty  became 
mii^isters  of  tlie  gospel.  He  was  active  in  all  the 
benevolent  enterprises  of  his  denomination  in  the 
State.  His  sons.  J.  S.  Taylor.  J.  P.  Taylor,  and 
W.  C.  Taylor,  are  excellent  Baptist  ministers.  He 
died  Oct.  9,  ]8")5. 

Taylor,  B.  F.,  was  bom  in  Lowville.  N.  1".,  in 
1822.  He  was  educated  at  Madison  University, 
Hamilton,  N.  Y..  of  which  his  father  was  president. 
He  is,  and  has  long  been,  occupying  a  prominent 
]iosition  as  a  racy  descriptive  writer.     For  many 


TAYLOR 


1133 


TAYLOR 


years  he  w:is  literary  editor  of  the  Chicai/o  Evening 
Journal,  and  was  its  principal  army  correspondent 
during  the  civil  war,  following  the  headquarters 
of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland.  In  picturesque 
description  his  letters  surpassed  all  contemporaries. 
.Some  of  them  have  been  gatlitM-ecl  into  a  volume 
entitled  "  Pictures  in  Camp  and  Field,''  1S()7,  of 
wliicli  a  new  edition  has  recently  appeared.  He 
has  published  several  books,  among  which  are 
•' Attractions  of  Language,"  1845;  "January  and 
June.''  l.Sr).3;  "Three  November  Days,"  "The 
AVorid  on  Wheels,"  1873;  "Old  Time-Pictures 
and  Sheaves  of  Rhyme,"  1S74.  Numerous  edi- 
tions have  been  issued  of  all  his  books. 

lie  is  also  a  popular  lecturer  on  the  lyceum 
platform,  especially  in  the  AVest.  lie  resides  at 
La  Porte,  Ind. 

Taylor,  Prof.  Charles  E.— The  Rev.  James  B. 

Taylor,  D.I).,  of  blessed  memory,  gave  three  sons 
to  the  ministry.  The  oldest.  Dr.  Geo.  B.,  is  a  mis- 
sionary at  Rome,  Italy;  the  second,  James  B.,  is 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Wilmington, 
N.  C. ;  and  the  third,  Charles  E.,  has  been  for  ten 
years  the  Professor  of  Latin  in  Wake  Forest  Col- 
lege. Prof.  Taylor  was  born  in  Ilichiiiond,  Va., 
Oct.  12,  1842;  was  baptized  by  Dr.  J.  B.  .Jeter 
when  but  ten  years  of  age  ;  went  from  Richmond 
College  into  a  regiment  of  cavalry,  and  fought 
through  the  war  ;  then  spent  live  years  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Virginia,  graduating  in  most  of  the 
schools  of  that  famous  college;  made  a  trip  to 
Kurope  in  1870,  and  was  ordained  in  April,  1871, 
Drs.  AVingate,  AA^alters,  and  J.  B.  Taylor,  Sr.,  com- 
prising the  Presbytery,  lie  is  at  present  agent 
of  the  Board  of  Education,  as  well  as  professor  in 
AV^ike  Forest  College.  lie  has  been  pastor  of  the 
oiuirclios  in  Lewis), org  and  Oxford,  X.  C. 

Taylor,  Rev.  Dan,  was  born  Dec.  21,  1738, 
near  Halifax,  England.  His  mother  was  his  early 
teacher,  and  the  Bible  was  his  first  school-book. 
AVIien  three  years  old  he  could  read  so  well  that  he 
attracted  the  attention  of  all  that  knew  him.  He  first 
found  the  Saviour  when  about  lifteen  years  of  age. 
He  was  an  Arniinian  in  his  doctrinal  sentiments, 
and  could  not  obtain  baptism  from  Particular  Bap- 
tist ministers  ;  he  journeyed  on  foot  in  unpleasant 
weather  one  hundred  and  twenty  miles  to  be  baptized 
by  Air.  Thompson,  in  Boston,  Lincolnshire.  He  was 
pastor  at  Wadsworth,  near  Halifax,  in  Halifax 
ir>elf,  and  in  London.  He  founded  the  (ieneral  Bap- 
tist Academy  for  the  education  of  young  ministers, 
of  which  he  was  president  for  fifteen  years.  AVhen 
The  Genet'al  Baptist  Magazine  was  established  he 
became  its  first  editor.  He  was  the  author  of  more 
than  fifty  books  and  pamphlets,  the  chief  of  which 
is  an  ,admira))le  body  of  divinity,  except  its  .\rmin- 
ianisra,  entitled  "The  Christian  Religion." 

He  was    fifty-five    years    in    the    ministry,   and 


during  that  period  preached  nearly  twenty  thou- 
sand sermons;  he  traveled  extensively,  attending 
ordinations,  church  dedications,  and  Associations. 
He  was  a  man  of  undoubted  ability,  deep  piety,  and 
great  usefulness. 

Clergymen  of  all  denominations  regarded  him 
with  confiden(;e  and  affection  ;  and  the  Lord  of 
pastors  shed  abroad  much  of  his  love  in  his  heart. 
He  died  in  London,  Nov.  2(),  1816,  in  the  seventy- 
eighth  year  of  his  age. 

Taylor,  Elisha  E.  L.,  D.D.,  was  Iwm  at  Delphi, 

N.  Y.,  Sept.  •!:>,  181.'),  and  died  at  Brooklyn.  N.  Y., 
Aug.  20,  1874.  He  graduated  at  Madison  Univer- 
sity and  at  the  Theological  Seminary  at  Hamilton, 
N.  Y.  He  accepted  a  call  to  a  new  interest,  now 
the  Pierpont  Street  Baptist  church  in  Brooklyn, 
X.  Y.  After  nine  years  of  labor  with  it,  it  had 
grown  so  large  that  it  was  thought  best  to  colonize, 
and  he  went  out  with  others  and  formed  the  Stronjr 
Place  Baptist  church,  which  speedily  became  one 
of  the  strongest  churches  in  Brooklyn. 

In  1865  he  was  elected  to  the  secretaryship  of 
the  Church  Edifice  Fund  of  the  American  Baptist 
Home  Alission  Society.  Through  his  labors  a  fund 
of  several  hundred  thousand  dollars  was  accumu- 
lated, and  many  feeble  churches  on  the  AYestern 
borders  were  aided  in  building  houses  of  worship. 
He  has  entered  the  heavenly  rest  after  a  life  of 
great  usefulness. 

Taylor,  George  B.,  D.D.,  eldest  son  of  Rev. 

James  B.  'I'aylor,  D.D.,  and  Alary  AVillianis  Tay- 
lor, who  was  the  daughter  of  Elisha  AVilliams,  a 
Revolutionary  soldier,  and  aide  of  Gen.  Washing- 
ton, and  afterwards  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at 
Beverly,  Mass.,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1832,  in  Rich- 
mond, A'a.  He  was  educated  at  Richmond  College, 
and  graduated  Bachelor  of  Arts  in  1851,  after 
which  he  was  engaged  in  teaching  in  Fluvanna  Co., 
Va.  Subsequently,  he  entered  the  University  of 
Virginia,  and  after  .a  three  ycar.s'  course  graduated  in 
mostof  the  schoolsof  that  institution.  AVhile  a  stu- 
dent at  the  university  he  was  ordained  to  the  min- 
istry at  Charlottesville,  and  during  the  remainder  of 
his  university  course  served  as  pastor  of  two  country 
churches  in  the  vicinity.  After  leaving  the  uni- 
versity, he  became  the  first  pastor  of  the  Franklin 
.Square  Baptist  church,  Baltimore,  and  continued 
in  that  relation  two  years.  From  Baltimore  here- 
moved  to  Staunton,  A^a.,  and  became  pastor  of  the 
church  in  that  place,  where  he  remained  about 
twelve  years,  during  which  time  the  church  was 
greatly  prospered.  After  the  beginning  of  the  war, 
he,  with  the  consent  of  the  church,  acted  as  chap- 
lain in  (Jen.  Stonewall  -Jackson's  corps  during  the 
entire  campaign  of  1802,  and  subsequently  ofliciati'd 
both  as  pastor  and  cha[)lain  of  the  post,  until  the 
close  of  hostilities.  He  also  visited  the  Army  of 
Xorthern  Vin^inia  at  the  time  of  the  "  great  revi- 


TAYLOR 


1134 


TAYLOR 


val,'"  and  took  an  active  part  in  that  remarkable 
work  of  divine  grace.  In  1869  he  became  chaplain 
of  the  University  of  Virginia,  a  position  adorned  by 
some  of  the  ablest  clergymen  in  the  State,  and 
served  during  the  usual  period  qf  tveo  years,  at  the 
termination  of  which  he  was  recalled  to  the  pastor- 
ate of  the  Staunton  church.  He  returned  to  that 
place,  and  remained  until  1873,  when  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  Mission  Board  of  the  Southern  Bap- 
tist Convention  missionary  to  Rome,  with  the  spe- 
cial duty  of  administering  the  affairs  of  the  Italian 
mission. 

For  two  years  Dr.  Taylor  was  associated  with 
the  Rev.  F.  Wilson,  D.D.,  in  editing  The  Christian 
Review,  and  during  that  time  contributed  to  its 
pages  some  valuable  articles.  Since  January, 
1876,  he  has,  in  connection  with  the  evangelist, 
Sig.  Cocorda,  conducted  11  Seminatore,  a  monthly 
Baptist  magazine  in  the  Italian  language,  con- 
tributing frequent  leading  articles.  He  has  also 
added  several  volumes  to  our  popuhir  literature, 
having  written  the  '•  Oakland  Stories''  (four  juven- 
ile volumes),  published  by  Sheldon  &  Co.,  New 
York  ;  "  Coster  Grew"  and  "  Roger  Bernard"  (re- 
ligious stories  for  youth),  "  Walter  Ennis"  (a  tale 
founded  on  early  Vii-ginia  Baptist  history),  and 
"  Life  and  Times  of  James  B.  Taylor,"  besides 
several  smaller  volumes,  published  by  the  Ameri- 
can Baptist  Publication  Society.  He  was  one  of 
the  recording  secretaries  of  the  Southern  Bap- 
tist Convention  from  1856  to  1866.  In  1872  he 
received  the  degree  of  D.D.,  from  Richmond  Col- 
lege, and  also  from  the  University  of  Chicago.  Dr. 
Taylor  was  married  in  1858  to  Susan  Spotswood 
Braxton,  great-granddaughter  of  Carter  Braxton, 
one  of  the  Virginia  signers  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence. 

The  mission  at  Rome  is  one  that  lies  near  to  the 
hearts  of  all  Baptists,  and  especially  Southern 
Baptists.  Six  years  ago  serious  troubles  had  em- 
barrassed the  work  in  that  city.  It  was  necessary 
to  find  a  man  who  should  be  both  gentle  and  wise, 
to  whom  the  whole  managejnent  of  the  mission 
must  be  intrusted  if  any  permanent  good  was  to 
result  from  it.  Dr.  Taylor  was  thought  to  be  such 
a  man,  and  accordingly  he  was  urged  to  accept  the 
position.  This  he  did,  and  sailed  with  his  family 
from  New  York  in  July,  1873,  for  Rome,  where  he 
soon  won  the  confidence  of  the  evixngelists  and 
churches.  From  the  very  day  of  his  arrival  he 
made  himself  felt  as  a  prudent  and  persevering 
laborer  for  the  Master.  The  vexatious  troubles 
vanished,  and  the  mission  began  at  once  to  thrive, 
and  has  been  steadily  advancing  ever  since,  so 
much  so  that  the  Italian  mission  is  now  the  most 
flourishing  of  all  the  foreign  work  of  the  Southern 
Baptist  Convention.  A  convenient  chapel  has  been 
secured  at  the  cost  of  about  $25,000,  situated  in 


one  of  the  most  eligible  positions  in  the  city,  being 
a  few  steps  only  from  the  Pantheon  and  from  the 
University  of  Rome.  The  mission  comprises  10 
stations,  9  evangelists,  and  nearly  150  members ; 
and  churches  have  been  either  established  or 
strengthened  at  La  Tour,  Milan,  Modena,  Naples. 
Bari,  Barletta,  Venice,  and  in  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia. In  reference  to  Dr.  Taylor,  Dr.  Prime,  edi- 
tor of  the  New  York  Obsei-ve)-,  wrote  :  "  He  is  a  man 
of  decided  character ;  with  a  clear  and  vigorous 
intellect,  a  tender  and  glovfing  heart,  and  such  a 
sound  judgment  as  secures  for  him  the  respect  and 
confidence  of  all  who  represent  Protestant  missions 
in  Rome.  .  .  .  These  missions  form  an  important 
part  of  the  great  work  now  in  progress  for  the 
spread  of  evangelical  religion  in  this  land  of  papal 
darkness.  To  the  eye  of  unbelief  it  may  seem  the 
day  of  very  small  things.  But  it  is  enough  to  plant 
the  seed,  and  the  rains  of  heaven  will  descend  upon 
it  to  the  redemption  of  Italy.  Now  is  the  time  to 
sow  the  seed  of  the  Word.  Dr.  Taylor  is  able  to 
extend  his  missions  and  multiply  the  number  of 
laborers  just  as  fast  as  he  has  the  means  to  support 
them.  And  you  may  be  certain  that  he  is  judi- 
cious, careful,  and  wide-awake." 

Taylor,  Rev.  Isaac,  son  and  successor  in  the 
pastoral  office  of  Rev.  William  Taylor,  a  popular 
and  useful  minister  of  his  State,  was  born  in  Buf- 
falo, Va.,  in  1772.  He  was  taken  by  his  parents 
to  Kentucky  when  Jie  was  twelve  years  old.  In 
his  early  life  he  was  thoughtless  and  fond  of  pleas- 
ure. He  was  baptized  bj'  his  father,  and  united 
with  Cox's  Creek  church  in  ISOl  ;  was  licensed  to 
preach  in  1810,  and  ordained  in  1813.  He  became 
pastor  of  Cox's  Creek  and  three  neighboring 
churches,  and  baptized  a  great  number  of  persons, 
and  was  honored  by  all  classes  of  society.  He 
died  suddenly  on  his  vray  home  from  preaching, 
March  13,  1842.      . 

Taylor,  James  Barnett,  D.D.,  was  born  in  the 

village  of  Barton-upon-IIuniber,  England,  March 
19,  1804.  His  father  having  removed  to  this 
country  in  1805,  settled  in  the  city  of  New  York, 
and  in  1817  removed  to  Virginia.  At  the  age  of 
thirteen  young  Taylor  was  baptized,  and  united 
with  the  First  Baptist  church  of  New  York.  At 
the  age  of  sixteen  he  began  to  speak  publicly  for 
Christ,  and  in  1824  he  Avas  licensed  to  preach. 
Sqpn  after  he  was  appointed  l)y  the  General  Bap- 
tist Association  of  Virginia  to  labor  as  a  missionary 
in  the  lower  section  of  the  Meherran  district.  He 
was  ordained.  May  2,  1826,  nt  Sandy  Creek.  In 
1826  he  became  pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church 
of  Richmond,  Va.,  in  which  relation  he  continued 
sixteen  years,  during  which  the  church  was  greatly 
enlarged  and  strengtliened.  AVhile  here  his  labors 
were  indefatigable  in  developing  the  graces  of  the 
church,   in   organizing  Sunday-schools  and   Bible 


TAYLOR 


1135 


TAYLOR 


societies,  and  in  promoting  the  cause  of  education. 
Six  hundred  and  sixty  members  were  added  to  the 
church,  three  new  chui-ches  were  organized  by 
members  mainly  from  his  congregation,  and  ten  or 
twelve  of  those  whom  he  baptized  entered  the 
ministry.  lie  was  a  very  efficient  worker,  also,  in 
behalf  of  foreign  missions.  Dr.  Taylor  preached 
frequently  in  the  surrounding  country  and  in  the 
adjacent  cities.  As  the  result  of  his  labors  in  Bal- 
timore, in  connection  with  the  Kev.  John  Kerr, 
the  Calvert  Street  Baptist  church  was  formed.  In 
1838  he  traveled  West  as  agent  of  the  Virginia 
Baptist  General  Association.  In  1839  he  was 
elected  chaplain  of  the  University  of  Virginia, 
where  his  labors  among  the  students  and  in  the 
community  resulted  in  great  good.  In  1840  he 
became  pastor  of  the  Third  Baptist  church  (Grace 
church),  Richmond,  and  through  his  labors  their 
beautiful  church  edifice  was  built.  In  1844  he 
traveled  South  with  the  missionary  Kincaid,  stim- 
ulating the  churches  to  greater  zeal  in  the  cause  of 
missions,  and  collecting  large  sums  of  money  for 
the  Northern  board.  Soon  after  the  organization 
of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention  Dr.  Taylor 
became  its  corresponding  secretary,  which  respon- 
sible position  he  held  until  his  death,  a  period  of 
twenty-six  years.  His  labors  while  secretary  were 
exceedingly  onerous.  He  traveled  constantly; 
preached  three  times  on  almost  every  Sunday : 
addressed  letters  of  encour.agement  to  mission- 
aries, and  of  exhortation  to  churches  and  individ- 
uals; edited  several  journals,  and  accomplished  an 
amount  of  good  of  which  his  immediate  associates 
alone  were  cognizant.  For  thirteen  years  during 
his  secretaryship  Dr.  Taylor  was  pastor  of  the 
Taylorsville  church,  but  at  the  opening  of  the  war 
he  resigned  his  pastorate,  and  labored  during  the 
contest  in  camps  and  hospitals  as  colporteur  of  the 
Virginia  Sunday-School  and  Publication  Board; 
and  for  three  years  as  Confederate  post-chaplain. 
At  the  close  of  the  war  the  missions  of  the  South- 
ern Baptist  Convention  were  in  a  disorganized 
condition,  with  a  debt  of  $10,000  hanging  over 
them.  The  secretary  immediately  undertook  the 
task  of  liquidating  the  debt,  which  he  succeeded  in 
doing,  at  the  same  time  stimulating  the  churches  to 
new  vigor  and  efforts  in  behalf  of  the  imperiled 
missions.  He  was  also  greatly  interested  in  the 
welfare  of  the  freedmen  so  suddenly  removed  from 
all  their  old  relations  ;  and  he  was  appointed  to 
confer  with  the  secretary  of  the  Freedmen's  Bureau 
with  regard  to  the  best  plans  for  assisting  them. 
His  last  sermons  were  preached  in  Alexandria  to 
colored  congregations,  and  his  interest  in  the  mis- 
sion in  Africa  was  manifested  on  his  death-bed. 
This  faithful  servant  of  God,  having  diligently 
served  his  generation,  fell  asleep  Dec.  22,  1871. 
As  a  preacher.  Dr.  Taylor  was  impressive  and  in- 


structive, simple  in  style,  and  solemn  in  manner. 
As  a  pastor,  he  had  but  few  equals,  moving  among 
his  people,  as  well  as  in  the  community  generally, 
as  a  constant  messenger  for  good.  As  a  writer,  he 
has  done  much  for  the  literature  and  history  of  the 
denomination.  He  was  for  a  short  time  editor  of 
i\\Q  Keliyious  Herald ;  he  originated  the  Son //urn 
Baptist  Missionary  Journal  and  Home  and  Foreif/n 
Joxirnal.  He  wrote  a  "  Life  of  Lot  Cary,"  a  "  Life 
of  Luther  Rice,"  and  two  volumes  of  the  "Lives 
of  Virginia  Baptist  Ministers,"  containing  more 
than  a  thousand  pages,  a  most  valuable  work,  the 
materials  of  which  were  collected  only  after  vast 
toil  and  innumerable  hindrances.  He  also  began 
a  "  History  of  Virginia  Baptists,"  for  which  he 
was  specially  fitted,  but  which  he  did  not  live  to 
complete.  In  addition  to  all  these  literary,  pas- 
toral, and  official  labors  as  secretary  of  the  board, 
he  wrote,  as  editor  of  the  Foreign  Mission  Journal, 
articles  that  would  fill  many  volumes.  Dr.  Poin- 
dexter,  who  was  associated  Avith  him  for  some  time 
in  the  secretaryship  of  the  board,  says  of  him,  as 
illustrating  the  pressure  of  his  labors,  "  He  was  at 
the  same  time  corresponding  secretary,  financial 
manager,  general  traveling  agent,  and  editor  of  the 
board."  In  the  various  walks  of  life.  Dr.  Taylor 
quietly  and  perseveringly  accomplished  the  high 
and  holy  purposes  which  filled  his  soul.  Remem- 
bering the  fact  that  he  was  not  physically  strong, 
few  have  left  a  more  abiding  impress  on  the 
churches  and  the  great  denominational  agencies 
which  they  employ  than  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 

Taylor,  Rev.  James  B.,  Jr.,  the  second  sou  of 

Dr.  J.  B.  Taylor,  was  born  in  Richmond,  Va.,  Oct. 
22,  1837 ;  was  baptized  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Jeter,  Dec. 
19,  1852;  and  was  a  student  at  Richmond  College, 
the  University  of  Virginia,  and  the  Southern  Bap- 
tist Theological  Seminary.  While  pursuing  his 
theological  course  the  war  commenced.  He  joined 
the  army,  and  was  appointed  a  chaplain  in  Gen. 
W.  II.  F.  Lee's  command,  in  which  position  he  was 
very  useful.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  was  called 
to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Culpeper, 
which  position  he  held  for  ten  years,  and  where  a 
large  harvest  was  reaped  for  the  Master.  At  the 
beginning  of  his  labors  there  the  church  numbered 
only  28  ;  at  its  close  320  had  been  added  to  its 
membership,  besides  which  500  conversions  had 
taken  place  in  protracted  meetings  in  which  he 
had  assisted.  The  ravages  of  the  war  had  left  the 
church  edifice  in  Culpeper  almost  in  ruins  ;  but  in 
a  little  while,  through  the  exertions  of  Mr.  Taylor, 
it  was  so  repaired  as  to  become  one  of  the  most 
commodious  and  beautiful  buildings  in  that  part 
of  the  State.  In  October,  1875,  he  accepted  an  in- 
vitation to  become  pastor  of  the  church  in  Wilming- 
ton, N.  C,  which  position  he  still  holds.  He  has 
pul)lished  an  exceedingly  popular  little  pamphlet 


TA  YLOR 


1136 


TAYLOR 


entitled  "  Simple  Truths,"  a  catechism  for  infant 
classes,  wiiicli  has  passed  to  a  third  edition,  and 
which  has  been,  or  is  to  be,  translated  into  the 
Yoruban  tongue  and  the  Italian  lanj^uage,  requests 
to  that  effect  having  been  inade  by  the  missionaries 
at  those  stations.  Mr.  Taylor  h'as  also  delivered 
some  very  popular  addresses  at  literary  commence- 
ments. 

Taylor,  Prof.  Jas.  M.,  A.M.,  was  born  in  Ilolm- 
del,  N.  J.,  Sept.  IQ,  1843  ;  graduated  at  Madison 
University  in  1867,  and  Hamilton  Theological  Semi- 
nary in  1869;  was  principal  for  several  years  of 
the  grammar-school,  now  Colgate  Academy,  at  the 
present  time  he  is  Professor  of  Pure  Mathematics 
in  Madison  University;  a  man  of  great  ability  and 
Christian  integrity. 

Taylor,  Rev.  John,  a  distinguished  pioneer 
preacher  and  writer,  was  born  in  Fauquier  Co.. 
Va.,  in  1752.  He  united  with  the  Baptists  in 
his  twentieth  year.  He  began  to  preach  almost 
immediately  after  he  joined  the  churgh,  and  con- 
tinued with  great  success.  He  located  in  Kentucky 
in  1779.  The  first  religious  revival  in  that  State 
commenced  under  his  preaching  in  Woodford 
County  in  1785.  In  that  year  he  raised  up  Clear 
Creek  church,  to  which  he  ministered  about  ten 
years.  In  1795  he  removed  to  Boone  County, 
where  he  and  several ,  others  had  constituted  a 
small  church  called  Bullittsburg  the  year  before. 
Here  he  ministered  about  seven  years,  during  which 
time  113  persons  were  baptized  into  that  church. 
In  1802  he  settled  in  Trimble  County,  where,  t«'o 
years  before,  he  had  gathered  Corn  Creek  church, 
to  which  he  ministered  about  fifteen  years.  In 
1815  he  i-emoved  to  Franklin  County,  where  he 
aided  in  constituting  a  church  in  Frankfort  in  1816, 
to  which  he  also  ministered.  In  1818  he  formed 
Buck  Run  church,  and  was  the  pastor  for  a  num- 
ber of  years.  He  traveled  and  preached  very  ex- 
tensively, and  probably  performed  more  labor,  and 
was  more  successful,  thanany  other  pioneer  preacher 
in  Kentucky.  He  was  a  strong  and  pointed  writer. 
He  published  "The  History  of  Ten  Churches," 
"Thoughts  on  Missions,''  and  several  brief  biogra- 
phies, which  are  of  great  value  to  the  Baptist  his- 
torian of  Kentucky,  lie,  also  wrote  much  that  was 
valuable  for  the  periodical  press.  He  died  at  his 
residence  near  Frankfort  in  the  winter  of  1836. 

Taylor,  Col.  Joseph,  was  born  in  O.xford  town- 
ship, Philadelphia  Co.,  Pa.,  March  15,  1791.  He 
was  baptized  in  his  fifteenth  year  into  the  fellow- 
ship of  the  Second  Baptist  church,  Philadelphia, 
of  which  he  remained  an  honored  member  until 
his  death,  in  1869.  In  early  life  he  was  colonel  of 
tlie  79th  Regiment  Pa.  Militia.  He  was  a  mcnilicr 
of  the  General  Assembly  of  Pennsylvania  in  1829- 
30,  and  of  the  senate  from  1830-34.  During  his 
residence  in  New  Jersey  he  served  in  the  Assembly 


of  that  State,  and  he  was  its  Speakei*  in  the  session 
of  1843-44.  .He  was  a  member  of  the  common 
council  of  Philadelphia,  and  subsequently  of  the 
select  council.  He  was  treasurer  of  the  Philadel- 
phia Baptist  Association,  and  president  of  the 
Philadelphia  Bilile  Union,  and  the  first  layman 
that  ever  presided  over  the  Philadelphia  Baptist 
Association,  though  in  1849,  when  he  was  modera- 
tor, the  Association  was  in  its  one  hundred  and 
forty-second  year. 

Col.  Taylor  was  a  gentleman  of  culture  and 
courtesy,  an  honor  to  the  church  with  wliich  he 
was  so  long  connected,  and  to  the  denomination 
whose  principles  were  so  dear  to  him,  and  which 
he  was  so  competent  to  defend  and  so  gratified  to 
comibend.  In  public  life  his  honor  was  never  ques- 
tioned ;  as  a  Christian  he  was  without  reproach. 

Taylor,  Stephen  "W.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in 
Adams,  Berkshire  Co.,  Mass.,  Oct.  28.  1791  ;  Ijap- 
tized,  in  1810,  at  Edmeston,  Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y. : 
graduated  at  Hamilton  College  in  1817,  being  the 
valedictorian  of  his  class;  entered,  in  1818.  on  his 
life  profession  of  educator,  as  principal  of  Lowville 
Academy,  and  under  his  administration  no  acad- 
emy in  New  York  stood  higher.  In  1834  accepted 
the  principalship  of  the  academic  department  of 
Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Institution. 
The  department  being  greatly  demoralized.  Dr. 
Taylor  distinguished  himself  b}'  effecting  a  most 
admirable  discipline  and  by  organizing  a  high 
grade  of  instruction.  In  1838  he  accepted  the 
chair  of  Mathematics  and  Natural  Philosophj'  in 
Madison  University,  which  he  resigned  in  1845  and 
went  to  Lewisburg.  Pa.,  where  he  founded  the  uni- 
versity at  Lewisburg,  and  was  its  president  five 
years.  (See  Lehisdirg  Universitv.)  In  1851  was 
called  to  the  presidency  of  Madison  University. 
(See  Madisox  U.viversitv.)  His  accession  was  a 
most  happy  event  in  the  history  of  the  university. 
occiMPring  when  it  did.  at  the  close  of  the  removal 
controversy.  Trusted  in  the  greatest  degree  by  the 
denomination,  tiie  effect  was  to  restore  confidence 
in  the  fortunes  of  the  university.  During  the  first 
year  of  his  presidency  tiie  number  of  students  in- 
creased from  33  to  84,  and  during  the  three  following 
years  the  number  reached  216,  a  number  larger  than 
that  of  the  students  in  attendance  at  the  beginning 
of  the  controver.sy.  At  the  end  of  the  first  year  the 
college  received  an  endowment  of  SGO,000.  On 
Jan' 6,  1856,  Dr.  Taylor  died  of  a  long-continued 
and  painful  illness.  Dr.  Taylor  was  pre-eminently 
a  man  of  will.  By  nature  and  culture  a  poet,  he 
"  suppressed"  this  rare  gift,  and  made  himself  one 
of  the  best  mathematicians  of  his  day.  He  would 
have  been  acknowledged  as  a  master  in  any  de- 
partment, and  his  choice  of  the  vocation  of  teacher 
was  the  result  of  iiis  conscientiousness.  For  this 
high  calling  he  trained  himself  with  the  greatest 


TAYLOR 


1137 


TEA SD ALE 


care,  and  gave  to  it  day  by  day  the  ripest  eff'orts  of 
his  life.  He  left  two  sons  and  a  daughter,  wiio  in- 
herited much  of  their  father's  genius.  One  of  the 
sons,  B.  F.  Taylor,  is  widely  known  }>y  his  ]ioenis 
and  his  other  writings. 

Taylor,  Thomas  A.,  Esq.,  was  ijorn  in  Jenkin- 

town,  Pa.,  in  1S|4.  His  father,  who  died  in  18212, 
was  a  man  of  intelligence,  and  the  year  of  his  death 
he  had  every  prospect  of  being  elected  to  the  Con- 
gress of  the  United  States.  The  education  of 
Thomas  A.  Taylor  was  lil)eral.  In  mercantile 
pursuits  in  Philadelphia,  to  which  his  life  was 
hirgely  devoted,  he  secured  an  aiii|)io  competency, 
and,  finding  himself  in  comfortable  circumstances, 
he  retired  from  business  in  1856. 

He  was  forty-si.x  years  a  member  of  the  Second 
Baptist  church  of  Philadelphia.  For  a  long  period 
lie  was  tlie  treasurer  of  the  Phihidclphia  Baptist 
Association.  He  was  a  Christian  of  large  atfec- 
tions,  whose  gifts  bountifully  blessed  almost  every 
good  cause.  Never  had  Bible  truth  a  warmer 
friend,  or  the  church  a  more  faithful  member. 

Taylor,  Rev.  William,  a  distinguished  pioneer 
preaciier,  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in  17o7.  In  his 
childhood  his  parents  removed  to  Virginia,  where 
he  riMnaincd  until  he  was  twenty-one,  and  then  re- 
turned to  his  native  State.  Here  he  united  with  the 
Baptists,  and  commenced  preaching.  After  a  short 
time  spent  in  New  Jersey,  he  removed  to  Buffalo 
(now  Bethany),  Va.,  and  thence  to  the  soutiieastern 
part  of  Ohio,  where  he  remained  eight  years.  In 
1784  he  located  in  Nelson  Co.,  Ky.,  where  he 
founded  Cox's  Creek  church.  In  the  fall  of  1785 
he,  with  others,  constituted  Salem  Association. 
In  addition  to  iiis  pastorate  he  was  very  active  in 
preaching  among  the  new  settlements,  and  was  in- 
strumental in  raising  up  churches  in  Nelson  and 
the  adjoining  counties.  He  died,  greatly  lamented, 
in  September.  ISO',). 

Taylor,  Rev.  William,  a  native  of  New  Hamp- 
shire, was  among  the  earlier  ministers  in  Michigan. 
His  home  was  at  Schoolcraft,  where  he  devoted  his 
life  to  the  care  of  the  churches  and  to  Christian 
educational  interests.  With  lung  persistent  labor, 
and  a  liberal  use  of  his  means,  lie  established  an 
academy  called  the  Cedar  Park  Female  Seminary, 
the  operation  of  which  was  very  useful  for  a  num- 
l)er  of  years,  and  the  property  avails  of  which  arc 
still  serving  the  education  of  young  women  in 
Ivalama/.oo  College.  He  also  gave  liberally  to  the 
Baptist  Convention  for  its  theological  and  other 
work.  He  peacefully  met  the  end  of  the  righteous 
June  7,  1852,  and  is  remembered  by  many  with 
gvatenil  Inve. 

Teague,  E.  B.,  D.D.,  was  liom  in  Soutii  Caro- 
lina in  1S'20;  came  with  his  parents  to  Alabama, 
and  located  in  Shelby  County  when  a  child  ;  grad- 
uated in  the  University  of  Alabama  in  1840.  under 


Dr.  Manly.  In  his  early  ministry  he  vras  pastor 
of  some  strong  and  wealthy  churches  in  the  west- 
ern part  of  the  State,  and  professor  in  the  Southern 
Female  College,  after  which  he  was  called  to  La 
(i range,  Ga..  where  he  was  pastor  for  ten  years, 
embracing  the  period  of  the  late  war.  He  next 
became  jiresident  of  the  Fast  Alabama  Female 
College  at  Tuskegee,  and  pastor  of  the  church  in 
that  place  for  one  year,  after  which  he  was  pastor 
of  the  church  in  the  city  of  Sehna  for  six  or  eight 
years.  His  principal  pastorates  wci-e  Fjagrange 
and  Selma,  two  of  our  strongest  Southern  churches, 
and  his  connection  with  them  was  a  success.  For 
about  four  years  past  he  has  been  residing  on  his 
beautiful  farm — "Red  Lawn" — in  Shelby  County, 
and  preaching  for  the  churches  in  (^oluml)iana. 
.Montevallo.  Fayetteville,  and  Wilsonville.  Supe- 
rior in  scholarship,  profound  in  tiieological  re- 
search, eloquent  in  the  presentation  of  thought,  he 
stands  second  to  no  man  in  the  State  as  an  instruc- 
tive preacher.  Gifted  beyond  measure  in  conversa- 
tion, thoroughly  read  in  classic  and  historical  liter- 
ature, and  possessed  of  a  devout  Christian  spirit, 
combined  with  a  rich  flow  of  agreeable  anecdotes, 
he  is  one  of  the  most  companionable  men.  One 
seldom  parts  with  him  without  feeling  that  he  has 
enjoyed  a  rare  social  and  religious  treat.  The  de- 
gree of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  on  liim 
by  Howard  College. 

Teale,  Rev.  Josiah  Harris,  was  born  Jan.  16, 

1846.  in  Coshocton  Co..  0.  ;  spent  his  early  ye.ars 
on  a  farm  ;  was  converted,  in  186G,  while  at  Wes- 
leyan  University,  Delaware,  0. ;  baptized  and  joined 
the  Rock  Run  church  in  1867  ;  dedicated  his  life 
to  the  ministry  ;  graduated  at  Denison  University 
in  1874;  was  licensed  in  1873  by  the  Pleasant 
Hill  church,  O. ;  went  to  California  in  1875; 
was  ordained  at  Santa  Cruz  in  1876  ;  preached  as 
pastor  at  Napa,  Santa  Cruz,  and  Saint  Helena :  was 
pastor  at  Victoria,  British  Columbia,  from  Septem- 
ber, 1877,  to  January,  1879,  when  he  accepted  a 
call  to  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Oregon  City, 
Oregon,  where  he  is  now  laljoriiig  with  success, 
and  is  numbered  among  the  influential  preachers 
of  Oregon. 

Teasdale,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  New  Jersey. 
Nov.  \'2,  18(K).  He  was  converted  at  twenty,  and 
baptized  by  Rev.  Leonard  Fletcher.  He  was  soon 
licensed  to  preach,  and  entered  JIadison  Univer- 
sity, N.  Y.  After  four  years  of  study  he  left  on 
account  of  feeble  health.  He  became  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  at  Newton,  N.  J.  Mr.  Teasdale 
removed  to  Virginia  in  1836,  and  for  four  years 
was  pastor  at  Fredericksburg.  In  1 842  he  returned 
to  New  Jersey,  and  took  charge  of  the  Schooley's 
Mountain  church.  In  1850  he  removed  to  Alton. 
III.,  and  was  an  efficient  agent  of  the  Alton  College. 
A  new  liuilditiir  was  erected,  and   funds  raised  for 


TEAS!)  ALE 


1138 


TELOOGOOS 


the  endowment.  He  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of 
the  Third  Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis.  In  a  year 
a  good  chapel  was  built  and  additions  to  the  church 
were  made.  While  in  the  midst  of  this  good  work 
his  days  were  ended  by  the  terril)le  catastrophe 
at  tiie  Gasconade  bridge,  on  the 'Pacific  Railroad,' 
where  uiany  prominent  citizens  of  St.  Louis  lost 
tlieir  lives. 

Teasdale,  Jos,  H.,  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in 
1817  ;  removed  to  Virginia  when  twenty  years  of 
age  ;  made  a  profession  of  religion  at  eighteen, 
and  removed  to  St.  Louis  in  1847.  Mr.  Teasdale 
was  one  of  tlie  constituent  members  of  the  Third 
Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis,  and  for  many  years 
has  been  a  deacon,  and  a  generous  supporter  of 
the  church.  His  brother,  Rev.  John  Teasdale, 
was  its  pastor,  and  Thomas  C.  Teasdale,  D.D.,  and 
Deacon  Martin  Teasdale,  a  member  of  the  Second 
Baptist  cinircli,  are  his  brotiiers.  His  Ciiristian 
character  and  influence  are  acknowledged  in  St. 
Louis  and  in  Missouri.  , 

Teasdale,  Thomas  Cox,  D.D.,  was  born  in  the 

township  of  Wantage,  Sussex  Co.,  N.  J.,  Dec.  2, 
1808.  He  is  the  second  son  of  the  late  Hon. 
Thomas  Teasdale.  His  grandfather.  Rev.  Thos. 
Teasdale,  was  an  earnest  Baptist  minister,  who 
emigrated  from  England  to  this  country  when  his 
oldest  son,  Thomas,  the. father  of  Dr.  Teasdale,  was 
fourteen  years  old.  Not  long  after  his  arrival 
Elder  Teasdale  settled  i'n  the  northern  part  of  Sus- 
sex Co.,  N.  J.,  and  took  charge  of  a  church  which 
is  known  as  tlie  Hamburg  church.  In  the  autumn 
of  1826  it  pleased  God  to  impress  young  Teasdale 
most  deeply  with  a  sense  of  his  need  of  salvation. 
He  felt  it  to  be  his  duty  to  identify  himself  with 
the  people  of  God,  and  accordingly  related  the  ex- 
ercises of  his  mind  to  the  ciiurch,  and  on  a  bleak 
November  Sabbath  in  1826  was  baptized  by  Elder 
Leonard  Fletcher. 

For  a  time  after  his  baptism  his  mind  was  greatly 
exercised  in  regard  to  the  work  of  the  ministry. 
He  finally  decided  to  obey  the  call,  and  in  the 
spring  of  1828  he  was  licensed  to  preach  by  his 
church.  May  of  the  same  year  lie  entered  the 
theological  seminary  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.  In  the 
autumn  of  1830  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  pastorsite 
of  a  church  in  East  Bennington,  Vt.,  and  was  or- 
dained on  the  16th  day  of  Decemljer,  1830. 

In  the  spring  of  1832  lie  removed  to  the  city  of 
Pliiladelpiiia,  Pa.  He  spent  four  years  in  Phila- 
delphia and  vicinity,  devoting  most  of  his  time  to 
evangelical  labors,  which  were  eminently  success- 
ful. In  tlie  spring  of  1836  he  was  invited  to  take 
charge  of  the  high  school  in  Newton,  N.  J.  The 
First  and  Second  Baptist  cluirches  of  Newton — 
one  located  in  the  village  of  Lafayette  and  theotiier 
in  the  town  of  Newton — also  requested  his  ser- 
vices as  their  pastor.    He  removed  to  this  field,  and 


remained  in  it  four  years,  and  his  efforts  in  awaken- 
ing a  deeper ,  interest  in  education  and  religion 
were  highly  gratifying. 

Mr.  Teasdale  served  as  pastor,  after  this,  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  New  Haven,  Conn.  He  was  next 
pastor  of  the  Grant  Street  church,  Pittsburgh,  Pa., 
after  this,  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Springfield, 
111.,  then,  of  the  E  Street  church,  Washington,  D.  C. 
It  was  during  his  pastorate  in  AVashington,  in 
1852,  that  he  received  the  honorar}'  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity  from  Union  College,  Schenectady, 
N.  Y. 

In  1858,  Dr.  Teasdale  removed  to  ColumbHs. 
Miss.,  and  took  charge  of  the  church  at  that  place. 
He  had  held  a  protracted  meeting  there  six  montlis 
previous  to  this  removal,  which  resulted  in  the 
conversion  of  some  four  hundred  persons. 

In  1863  he  resigned  the  care  of  the  church  in 
Columbus,  and  preached  to  the  Confederate  sol- 
diers until  the  close  of  the  war.  Dr.  Teasdale  was 
for  a  time  corresponding  secretary  of  the  Sunday- 
School  Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention. 
which  flourished  during  his  terra  of  service. 

,In  1873,  Dr.  Teasdale  was  elected  to  the  chair 
of  Rhetoric  and  Elocution  in  the  University  of 
Tennessee,  at  Knoxville,  where  he  now  resides. 
His  life  has  been  one  of  great  activity  and  useful- 
ness. 

He  has  baptized  over  3000  persons  :  witnessed 
the  profession  of  some  15,000  persons  under  his 
ministry;  published  several  pamphlets  and  books, 
the  principal  of  the  latter  of  which  is  a  volume 
of  his  "Revival  Discourses ;"  contributed  mate- 
rially in  building  up  institutions  of  learning ;  as- 
sisted in  establishing  the  "Orphans'  Home,''  in 
Mississippi.  His  work  on  "  Baptism  and  Com- 
munion" is  of  rare  merit,  and  so  are  his  "Revival 
Discourses." 

Teloogoo  Theological  Seminary,  Ramapa- 

tam. — This  institution  is  known  as  Brownson 
Theological  Seminary.  While  Mr.  Clough  was  in 
America,  in  JNIarch,  1872,  and  in  January,  1874 
he  secured  an  endowment  of  §50.000  for  this  school 
At  the  close  of  1879  there  were  five  natives  and  Mr 
AVilliams,  a  missionary,  in  the  faculty  of  the  semi 
nary,  and  152  students  were  under  their  care 
Tlie  course  of  iristruction  embraces  the  purely  theo 
logical  training  of  similar  seminaries  in  this  coun- 
try, with  church  history.  Sermonizing  is  not  neg- 
lecfed. 

The  teachers  and  students  take  charge  of  the 
region  for  ten  miles  around  the  school,  conducting 
worship  and  Sunday-schools' regularly  in  thirty- 
five  towns  and  villages.  In  this  way  instruction 
and  practice  are  constantly  united  in  the  experi- 
ence of  tliese  candidates  for  the  lioliest  of  offices. 

TeloogOOS, — The  country  of  the  Teloogoos  is 
on  the  western   coast  of  the   Bay   of  Bengal.     It 


TELOOGOOS 


1139 


TEMPERANCE 


stretches  north  and  south  some  600  or  700  miles, 
and  extends  inhind  from  the  coast  from  300  to  400 
miles.  The  latest  estimate  makes  the  population 
of  this  country  not  far  from  18,000,000.  While 
the  territory  thus  referred  to  contains  the  larger 
portion  of  Teloo;;oos,  they  are  found  in  no  small 
numhors  in  all  the  towns  and  cities  of  Southern 
India.  Tlie  rcliu;ion  of  the  Telooiroos  is  Brah- 
manism,  with  its  accompanying  caste  system. 

The  attention  of  American  Baptists  was  called 
to  this  interesting  people  in  1835  by  Rev.  Amos 
Sutton,  who  urged  upon  tiiem  the  desirableness  of 
establishing  a  mission  among  them.  Influenced 
by  his  suggestion,  the  board  sent  out  in  September 
of  that  year,  in  company  with  missionaries  who 
were  to  occupy  other  stations.  Rev.  S.  S.  Day 
and  liis  wife.  who.  for  a  time,  resided  at  Vizaga- 
patam.  one  of  the  chief  cities  of  the  Tcloogoo  coun- 
try. Subsequently  he  removed  to  a  suburban  vil- 
lage of  Madras,  called  Wonara[)etta.  Four  years 
were  passed  in  this  locality  with  but  little  visible 
fruit.  Mr.  Day  decided  that  tiie  interests  of  the 
mission  would  be  better  promoted  by  removal  to  a 
ditt'erent  locality.  Accordingly  he  selected  Nellore 
as  a  suitable  place  for  the  establisiiment  of  a  mis- 
sion station,  and  removed  with  his  family  to  that 
place.  At  the  time  of  writing  this  sketch  there  are 
seven  stations  among  the  Teloogoos,  to  wit :  Nel- 
Inre.  Ongole.  Ramapatam,  Secunderabad,  Kurnool, 
Madras,  and  Ilanamaconda. 

1.  The  mission  at  Nellore,  as  has  already  been 
said,  was  commenced  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Day.  Shortly 
after  their  arrival  at  Nellore  they  were  Joined  by 
Rev.  Stephen  Van  Huscn  and  wife.  The  first 
Teloogoo  convert  was  baptized  by  Mr.  Day  in 
September,  1S40.  For  several  years  there  was  but 
little  apparent  success  in  the  conversion  of  the 
Teloogoos  at  Nellore.  It  was  emphatically  a  time 
for  seed-sowing,  and  faith  and  patience  were  tried 
to  their  utmost  in  waiting  for  results.  There  was 
no  other  baptism  until  1843,  when  a  solitary  indi- 
vidual submitted  to  the  rite.  Mr.  Van  Ilusen  was 
obliged  to  leave  the  field  of  his  labor  in  1845  and 
go  home  to  America,  never  to  return.  Mr.  Day 
followed  in  184G.  The  question  of  abandoning  the 
Teloogoo  Mission  was  seriously  discussed.  The 
Nellore  station  remained  in  the  hands  of  native 
assistants  until  the  return  of  Mr.  Day,  who,  in 
company  with  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jewett,  sailed  from 
the  United  States  Oct.  10,  1848,  and,  arriving  in 
due  time  at  the  place  of  their  destination,  began 
their  work  with  new  zeal  and  courage.  But,  for 
five  years,  the  fortunes  of  the  mission  were  any- 
thing but  encouraging,  and  again  the  question  of 
abandonment  was  discussed,  and  decided  in  the 
negative.  In  1853,  Mr.  Day  having  returned  to 
this  country,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jowett  were  left  alone 
to  carry  on  the  mission.     Rev.  F.  A.  Douglass  and 


wife  joined  them  in  1855.  Amid  trials  and  encour- 
agements the  work  has  been  carried  on  for  more 
than  a  score  of  years  since  this  date,  and  now  the 
Nellore  station  reports  3  missionaries,  6  native 
preachers,  3  churches,  and  3()f)  members. 

2.  At  the  Ongole  station  work  was  commenced 
by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jewett  and  one  of  the  native  Chris- 
tians named  Jacob,  in  1853.  Ongole  is  seventy-seven 
miles  north  of  Nellore,  and  is  a  town  made  up  al- 
most wholly  of  Teloogoos.  Amidst  the  most  dis- 
couraging circumstances  the  mission  was  carried 
on  for  years,  and  in  1802,  l\Ir.  Jewett,  broken  down 
in  health,  was  obliged  to  retire  from  the  field  and 
go  home  to  the  United  States.  Again  the  question 
of  giving  up  the  Teloogoo  Mission  was  seriously 
discussed.  But  Mr.  Jewett  pleaded  earnestly  for 
its  continuance  and  reinforcement,  and  his  pleas 
were  not  in  vain.  Mr.  Clough  returned  with  Dr. 
Jewett  to  the  Teloogoo  country,  and  the  station  at 
Ongole  came  under  his  special  supervision  in  1866, 
and  on  the  1st  of  January,  1867,  a  little  church  of 
eight  persons  was  organized.  Years  of  earnest  work 
passed.  The  seed  sown  has  sprung  up  into  a  most 
bountiful  harvest,  and  tidings  of  the  most  tiirilling 
character  come  to  us  of  tiie  wonderful  outpouring 
of  the  Spirit  of  God  ujion  the  people,  and  the  hope- 
ful conversion  and  baptism  of  thousands  of  the 
Teloogoos  of  Ongole.  The  report  of  the  executive 
board,  presented  in  May,  1880,  gives  the  following 
statistics  concerning  that  station  :  5  missionaries, 
22  native  preachers,  1  church,  with  13,106  mem- 
bers. 

3.  Ramapatam,  the  third  station  among  the  Teloo- 
goos, established  in  1869,  is  also  in  a  prosperous 
condition.  There  are  here  2  missionaries,  10 
native  preachers,  3  churches,  with  1853  members. 

4.  The  fourth  station,  Secunderabad.  established 
in  1875,  reported  in  May  2  missionaries,  3  native 
preachers,  1  church,  with  56  members. 

5.  The  Kurnool  station,  established  in  1876,  has 
3  missionaries,  3  native  preachers,  2  churches,  with 
270  members. 

Madras  has  4  missionaries,  2  native  preachers, 
and  1  church,  with  a  membership  of  9. 

Ilanamaconda  has  2  missionaries. 

The  Teloogoo  Mission  has  been  wonderfully 
blessed  of  God,  and  attracts  to  itself,  in  a  remark- 
able degree,  the  attention  of  the  whole  Christian 
world.  On  it  rests  in  a  large  measure  the  benedic- 
tion of  heaven. 

Temperance. — "  Wine  is  a  mocker,  strong  drink 
is  r.'iging,  and  whosoever  is  deceived  thereby  is  not 
wise."'  This  divine  testimony  is  abundantly  illus- 
trated in  daily  life.  No  habit  is  so  deceptive  as 
that  of  using  alcoholic  beverages.  Slowly  but  cer- 
tainly it  rivets  its  fetters  upon  its  victim,  who  too 
frequently  only  realizes  its  power  when  the  attempt 
is  made  to  break  it. 


TEMPERANCE 


1140 


TENNESSEE 


With  many  the  struggle  is  unsuccessful.  He 
only  is  the  victor  who  trusts  not  in  his  own 
strength  hut  daily  seeks  divine  help. 

Careful  investigation  has  proved  that  the  use  of 
alcoholic  stimulants  is  not  needful  to  tlie  enjoy- 
ment of  the  highest  health  ;  that  it  does  not  secure 
greater  strength  for  either  bodily  or  mental  effort, 
and  that  it  tends  to  shorten  life.  Surely  he  acts 
wisely  who  follows  the  divine  CDUiinand,  "  Look 
not  thou  upon  the  wine  when  it  is  red,  when  it 
giveth  his  color  in  the  cup,  when  it  moveth  itself 
aright;  at  the  last  it  biteth  like  a  serpent  and 
stingeth  like  an  adder."' 

Intemperance  brings  disgrace,  privation,  and 
poverty  upon  the  drunkard  and  his  ftiinily,  and  in- 
jures society  by  the  increased  burdens  imposed  by 
the  crime  and  pauperism  resulting  from  it. 

Intemperance  deadens  the  conscience,  hardens 
the  heart,  and  leads  men  to  dishonor  God.  It  is 
Satan's  most  successful  weapon  against  the  church 
and  the  truth,  and  for  the  destruction  t)f  immortal 
souls. 

Among  the  obstacles  to  the  temperance  reform 
needing  thoughtful  consideration  by  Christians 
are.  First.  The  manufacture  of  domestic  wines,  not 
for  sale,  but  for  home  use.  These  are  claimed  to 
be  unintoxicating,  and  consequently  harmless. 

Analysis,  however,  has  shown  that  they  contain 
from  four  to  twelve  per  cent.,  or  more,  of  alcohol, 
and  therefore  tend  to  create  the  appetite  for  stronger 
drink. 

Second.  The  medical  use,  without  the  special 
advice  of  a  conscientious  physician,  of  alcoholic 
liquors. 

Ezra  M.  Hunt,  M.D.,  in  a  very  able  paper  read 
before  the  International  Medical  Congress,  held  in 
connection  with  the  Centennial  Exhibition,  at  Phil- 
adelphia, says,  "We  cannot  conceal  from  ourselves 
as  physicians  that  thousands  with  sincerity  indulge 
in  the  use  of  alcoholic  stimuli  because  they  enter- 
tain the  idea  that  health  requires  it.  Some  phy- 
sician had  advised  a  little  wine  or  brandy  or  ale  for 
a  special  ailment,  and  the  patient  continues  the 
prescription,  or  renews  it  repeatedly,  because  '  his 
constitution  requires  it.'  We  have  been  saddened 
to  find  those  pledged  to  total  abstinence  thus  using 
the  beverage,  and  really  deceiving  themselves.  So 
exceptional  is  the  need  of  alcoholic  liquors  in  any 
chronic  ailment,  that  no  one  who  claims  to  be 
using  them  as  medicines  should  forget  to  consult 
his  physician  vcri/  freqiieiitli/  about  the  necessity 
for  their  continuance.  If  such  were  the  rule,  and 
if  physicians  were  truly  conscientious,  thousands 
who  now  use  them  medicinally  would  cease  to 
touch  them." 

The  position  of  the  Baptist  denomination  on  the 
temperance  reform  is  indicated  by  the  repeated 
action  of  leading   Associations  declaring,   in   em- 


phatic terms,  their  approval  of  total  abstinence. 
No  Baptist  church  in  the  Northern  States  would 
receive  or  retain  in  its  membership  any  one  en- 
gaged in  the  manufacture  or  sale  of  these  beverages, 
neither  would  it  accept  as  a  member  the  house- 
owner  who  rented  his  property  for  such  purposes. 
Let  Christians  live  in  the  practice  of  tfjtal  absti- 
nence from  all  intoxicating  liquors,  discounte- 
nancing their  use  on  wedding  and  other  private  or 
public  occasions,  and  mayGod  hasten  the  abolition 
of  their  manufacture  and  use  throughout  the  whole 
earth ! 

Ten  Brook,  Rev.  Andrew,  was  born  in  Elmira. 

N.  Y.,  Sept.  21,  1814.  lie  received  his  educa- 
tion^preparatory,  collegiate,  and  theological — at 
Hamilton,  finishing  the  course  in  1841.  In  October 
of  that  year  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  First 
church  in  Detroit,  and  remained  in  this  position 
three  years.  The  University  of  Michigan  was  then 
beginning  its  work  of  instruction,  and  3Ir.  Ten 
Brook  was  placed  in  the  chair  of  Moral  Philosophy. 
He  held  this  professorship  till  185k  For  two  years 
he  was  associated  with  the  late  Alexander  M.  Bee- 
bee  in  the  conduct  of  the  New  York  Baptist  Begis- 
ter,  and  had  the  chief  editorial  responsibility.  In 
1856  he  was  appointed  U.  S.  consul  at  Munich. 
Bavaria,  and  held  the  office  till  18G2.  Returning 
to  the  United  States,  he  became  librarian  of  the 
University  of  I\Iichigan,  and  remained  in  that  posi- 
tion till  1877.  In  1S75  he  published  an  octavo 
volume  entitled  "American  State  Universities  and 
the  University  of  Michigan."'  While  pastor  in 
Detroit  he  was  also  editor  of  the  Michigan  Chris- 
tian Herald. 

Tennessee,  The  Baptist  of.— This  paper,  first 
called  The  Baptist,  came  into  existence  at  Nash- 
ville, Tenn.,  at  some  time  between  tlie  years  1830 
and  1835.  Rev.  R.  B.  C.  Howell,  D.D.,  was  its  first 
editor.  For  some  j'cars  its  circulation  was  quite 
limited,  and  when  it  came  under  the  editorial  su- 
pervision of  Rev.  J.  R.  Graves,  in  1844,  its  list  of 
subscribers  numbered  only  1005.  For  a  time  the 
increase  was  slow  but  steady.  The  name  was 
changed  to  The  Tennessee  Baptist,  and  in  the  course 
of  a  few  years  it  became  the  pronounced  .advocate 
of  what  has  since  been  termed  '"  Old-Landmark- 
ism."'  Its  circulation  rapidly  increased,  and  its 
editor  became  very  influential.  On  May  15,  1858. 
its  eijitors  were  announced  as  follows:  J.  R.  Graves, 
J.  M.  Pendleton,  and  A.  C.  Dayton.  The  two 
brethren  last  named  h.ad  been  for  some  years  special 
contributors.  The  increase  in  the  number  of  sub- 
scribers was  constant  and  rapid,  so  that  at  the  be- 
ginning of  the  war  its  circulation  was  said  to  have 
been  larger  than  that  of  any  Baptist  paper  in  the 
world.  The  publication  of  the  paper  was  sus- 
pended during  the  war,  but  was  renewed  after  the 
return    of  peace.     The    place   of   publication  was 


TENNESSEE 


1141 


TENNESSEE 


changed  from  Nasliville  to  Memphis.  The  t)ame 
of  the  State  was  dropped  from  the  title,  and  it  has 
appeared  since  as  The  Baptist,  a  quarto  of  sixteen 
patjes.  Dr.  Graves  has  been  since  the  war  its  sole 
editor,  and  he  wields  now  (1881)  as  able  a  pen  as 
at  any  period  of  his  eventful  life,  and  his  paper  is 
a  power  in  a  lari^e  section  of  our  country. 

Tennessee  Baptists, — Tennessee  is  naturally 
divided  into  three  sections  by  the  Cumberland 
Mountains  and  the  Tennessee  lliver,  both  of  which 
cross  the  State  north  and  south,  known  as  East, 
Middle,  and  West  Tennessee,  and  in  this  order  tliov 
were  originally  settled.  The  people  in  these  divis- 
ions have  always  been  as  distinct  in  their  pursuits 
and  interests,  and  in  their  social  and  religious  in 
tercourse,  as  if  they  lived  in  different  and  distant 
States.  In  sketching  the  history  of  the  Baptists  it 
will  therefore  in  some  measure  he  necessary  to  follow 
this  order,  though  sometimes  their  proceedings  will 
appear  blended. 

EAST   TENNESSEE. 

Some  of  the  northeastern  counties  of  this  section 
began  to  be  occupied  previous  to  1770.  and  among 
the  settlers  there  were  some  Baptists,  emigrants 
from  North  Carolina  and  Virginia.  The  country 
at  this  time  was  a  wilderness  infested  with  wild 
i)easts,  and  the  settlers  were  subject  to  murderous 
incursions  froui  hostile  Indians.  Though  the  Bap- 
tists do  not  seem  to  have  been  numerous,  they  were 
among  the  first,  if  not  the  first,  to  proclaim  the 
gospel  in  Tennessee  territory.  In  1781  they  had 
si.x  organized  churches  holding  associated  relations 
with  an  Association  in  North  Carolina.  These, 
with  one  or  two  others,  were  formed  into  the  IIol- 
ston  Association  in  1780.  Among  the  pioneer  min- 
isters at  this  time  in  the  country,  and  through 
whose  labors  the  Baptist  denomination  was  estab- 
lished, may  be  mentioned  James  Keel,  Thomas 
Murrell,  Matt.  Talbot,  Isaac  Barton,  Wm.  Murphy, 
and  John  Chastine  from  Virginia,  and  Tidence 
Lane,  Jonatiian  Mulky,  and  AVm.  Reno  from  North 
Carolina.  These  ministers  brought  with  them 
man}'  of  their  brethren,  and  in  one  or  more  in- 
stances regular  organized  churches.  They  gener- 
ally settled  on  farms  and  made  their  support  by 
tilling  the  soil  or  teaching  school,  and  preached  on 
Sundays  or  at  night  in  private  houses  and  in  school- 
houses,  or  in  rude  l)iiildings  improvised  for  worship, 
and  sometimes  under  the  shade  of  trees.  They 
were  pious,  thoroughly  read  in  the  Scriptures,  and 
gave  evidence  that  "  they  had  been  with  Jesus." 
They  lived  among  the  people  who  heard  their  mes- 
sages gladly,  and  the  pleasure  of  the  Lord  pros- 
pered in  their  hands.  According  to  Asplund's 
"Register"  for  1790,  the  Ilolston  Association  had 
a  membership  of  889  members,  and  Ijy  the  begin- 
ning of  the  next  decade  they  had  increased  to  37 


churches  and  2500  members,  keeping  pace  with  the 
increasing  population  of  the  country.  In  1802  the 
Tennessee  Association  was  formed  in  a  central 
territory  immediately  surrounding  Knoxville,  the 
capital  of  the  new  Stat(>.  Some  of  the  ministers 
(ionnected  with  this  organization  were  Duke  Kini- 
brough,  Elijah  Rogers,  Joshua  Frost,  Amos  lluidin. 
Daniel  Layman,  William  Bellew.  In  1M7  it  sent 
out  a  colony  of  twelve  churches  and  as  many  min- 
isters to  form  the  Powell's  Valley  Association. 
And  again,  in  1822,  another  colony  east  of  the  Ten- 
nessee lliver  was  organized  into  the  lliwassee  As- 
sociation, consisting  of  ten  churches,  which  in- 
creased its  membership  and  enlarged  its  territory 
until  1830,  when  it  divided  and  formed  the  Sweet- 
Water  Association,  with  17  churches  and  1100 
members. 

The  year  1833  may  be  regarded  as  the  Iteginning 
of  a  new  era  in  the  history  and  progress  of  the  Bap- 
tists of  East  Tennessee,  and  the  whole  State  as  well. 
Up  to  this  time  they  had  made  commendable  prog- 
ress, having  maintained  internal  harmony,  and  kept 
well  up  with  the  growth  of  the  population  :  but  the 
labor  of  evangelizing  had  been  voluntarily  per- 
formed by  the  ministry  at  their  own  convenience  and 
expense.  An  extensive  and  general  revival  of  re- 
ligion, which  began  about  this  time  and  continued  for 
two  or  three  years,  suggested  the  importance  of  a 
united  and  organized  plan  for  supplying  the  desti- 
tute with  the  gospel,  and  extending  the  influence 
of  their  denominational  principles.  The  initiative 
of  an  organization  was  taken  in  Middle  Tennessee 
by  Elders  Garner  McConnico,  James  Whitsitt,  and 
Peter  S.  Gayle,  who  called  a  meeting  at  Mill  Creek, 
near  Nashville,  in  Octo))er,  1833,  and  organized  a 
Baptist  State  Convention.  Conforming  to  the  pecu- 
liar formation  of  the  State,  the  Convention  appointed 
three  boards  to  conduct  its  affairs,  one  in  each  di- 
vision of  the  State.  This  plan  continued  for  only 
a  year  or  two,  when  it  was  found  impracticable  to 
unite  the  churches  on  a  General  Convention,  when 
the  East  Tennessee  brethren  withdrew  and  organ- 
ized the  General  Association  of  East  Tennessee. 
The  leading  ministers  engaged  in  this  enter[)rise 
were  Samuel  Love,  James  Kennon,  Elijah  Rogers, 
Charles  and  Richard  II.  Taliaferro,  Robert  Sneed, 
and  William  Bellew.  This  movement,  while  it 
caused  the  secession  of  a  few  thousands  of  anti-mis- 
sion Baptists,  imparted  new  life  to  the  ureat  body 
of  the  churches,  and  inspired  the  ministry  with  a 
fresh  zeal,  which  gave  increased  momentum  to  de- 
nominational progress.  In  1847  the  Baptists  in 
East  Tennessee  had  increased  to  13,390,  and  6573 
anti-mission,  or  those  who  stood  aloof  from  the 
(ieneral  Association,  making  a  Baptist  population 
of  19.963.  In  1858  they  had  increased  to  19,103 
regulars,  and,  supposing  the  anti-missionaries  to 
have  maintained  their  strength  of  6573,  to  an  ag- 


TENNESSEE 


1142 


TENNESSEE 


gregate  of  25,070.  In  1880  their  reports  give  about 
45,000  regular  white  Baptists,  2000  colored,  and 
5000  anti-mission,  or  a  fraction  over  52,000  in  East 
Tennessee.  At  present  the  Baptists  are  numerically 
much  the  largest  denomination  in  this  section  of 
the  State.  Although  the  General  Association  has 
contributed  much  moral,  and  some  pecuniary,  sup- 
port in  producing  these  results,  they  are  due  largely 
to  the  zeal  and  voluntary  labor  of  ministers,  and 
to  missions  supported  by  Associations. 

In  1850  a  college  was  chartered  under  the  patron- 
age of  the  General  Association,  known  at  present 
as  Carson  College,  located  in  a  beautiful  and  fertile 
valley  in  Jefferson  County,  near  the  town  of  Mossy 
Creek,  on  the  East  Tennessee  and  Virginia  Railroad. 
It  received  its  name  from  Hon.  James  H.  Carson, 
who  bequeathed  to  it  $15,000,  the  interest  of  which 
was  to  be  used  in  the  education  of  young  ministers. 
Mr.  Carson  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  institu- 
tion. The  college  has  no  endowment,  but  has 
maintained  its  existence  for  thirty  years  from  the 
tuition  fees,  with  a  regular  faculty  of  four  profes- 
sors. It  has  trained  in  whole  or  in  part  nearly  one 
hundred  young  men  for  the  ministry,  and  has  done 
much  in  the  general  cause  of  education.  The  Rev. 
N.  B.  Goforth,  D.D.,  is  its  popular  president. 
There  is  a  Female  College  at  Bristol,  Rev.  D.  C. 
Wester  president,  which  is  doing  a  good  work  in 
the  education  of  young  ladies.  There  is  also  a 
private  institution  at  Tazewell  under  the  direction 
of  Rev.  Mr.  Manard,  that  is  accomplishing  much 
in  the  cause  of  education  among  the  Baptists.  A 
religious  paper.  The  Baptist  Beacon,  is  published 
at  Knoxville,  and  supported  chiefly  by  the  Baptists 
of  this  section. 

MIDDLE  AND  WEST  TENNESSEE. 
The  middle  division  of  the  State  began  to  be 
settled  in  1780,  and,  as  in  the  eastern  division, 
among  its  pioneers  there  were  Baptists  and  Bap- 
tist ministers.  The  first  church  known  to  have 
been  formed  was  in  1780,  on  Red  River,  by  Rev. 
Joseph  Grammer,  and  In  1791  apother  was  founded 
on  the  Sulphur  Fork  of  the  same  river  by  Rev. 
Ambrose  Dudley  and  John  Taylor,  who  visited 
this  region  as  missionaries  from  Kentucky.  The 
first  Association  was  organized  in  1790  ;  Init,  owing 
to  internal  diflBculties  which  sprung  up,  it  was  in 
a  few  years  dissolved,  and  in  1803  the  Cumber- 
land Association  was  instituted  partly  of  some 
of  its  churches.  This  latter  community  had  for 
many  years  considerable  prosperity,  and  had  also 
some  of  the  best  churches  and  ablest  ministers 
in  the  country  ;  but  it  is  now  only  a  small,  declin- 
ing, anti-mission  body,  a  very  different  organiza- 
tion from  the  Cumberland  Association,  with  which 
are  connected  three  of  the  Nashville  churches  and 
the  church   in   Clarksville,  of  which   Rev.  A.  D. 


Sears,  D.D.,  is  moderator.  In  1810  the  Concord 
Association  was  formed,  its  territory  embracing 
Nashville  as  its  centre.  In  1812  there  was  a 
very  general  revival  within  its  wide  territory,  and 
it  had  an  increase  of  over  800  by  baptism  that 
year.  Its  prosperity  continued  until  its  territory 
was  divided  and  the  Salem  formed,  in  1822,  with 
twenty-seven  churches.  Among  the  ministers  who 
had  borne  the  heat  and  burden  of  the  day  up  to 
this  time  may  be  mentioned  Joseph  Dorris,  Daniel 
Brown,  James  Whitsitt,  Garner  ]McConnico,  John 
AViseman,  Joshua  Lester,  Jolin  Bond,  and  Jesse 
Cox. 

About  the  year.  1824  the  denomination,  which 
had  been  harmonious  and  prosperous,  began  to 
meet  with  reverses  from  internal  discord.  The 
doctrine  of  election  and  the  extent  of  the  atone- 
ment became  topics  of  bitter  discussion,  and  re- 
sulted in  a  division  of  churches  and  Associations, 
and  two  non-affiliating  bodies  of  Baptists;  the 
seceding  party  were  called  Separate  Baptists,  wiio 
built  up  several  flourishing  Associations.  Im- 
mediately following  this  division  came  Alexander 
Campbell  and  his  so-called  reformation.  The 
church  in  Nashville,  which  had  grown  to  be  a  large 
and  flourishing  community,  with  between  three 
and  four  hundred  members,  had  for  its  pastor  Rev. 
Philip  Fall,  a  talented  and  popular  young  pastor, 
who  came  under  the  influence  of  Mr.  Campbell, 
embraced  his  sentiments,  and  carried  with  him  the 
whole  church  except  twelve  or  fifteen  members, 
who  adhered  to  the  Baptist  faith.  Mr.  Campbell's 
influence  was  felt  more  or  less  throughout  the 
denomination  in  this  State,  resulting  in  the  loss 
of  other  ministers  and  members,  and  from  bitter 
controversies  gathering  much  of  its  force.  This 
was  followed  in  1833  by  the  secession  of  the  anti- 
mission  party  and  renewed  strife.  But  there  was 
compensation  for  these  last  divisions  in  the  new 
zeal  inspired  by  the  organization  of  the  Baptist 
State  Convention,  and  a  reconciliation  and  re- 
union with  the  Separate  party,  who  were  quite  as 
numerous  and  more  intelligent  and  progressive 
than  the  anti-mission  people.  The  few  brethren 
who,  in  the  wreck  of  the  church  in  Nashville,  ad- 
hered to  the  Baptist  faith  reorganized,  and  had 
Elder  P.  S.  Gayle  for  their  pastor,  and  began  again 
to  build  up.  Mr.  Gayle  resigning  in  1833,  Rev. 
R.  B.  C.  Howell,  of  Virginia,  was  called  to  the 
pastorate,  who  with  enthusiasm  and  zeal  entered 
into  his  work,  and  with  such  success  that  within  a 
few  years  the  Baptists  had  almost  regained  their 
lost  ground  ;  and  from  those  faithful  few.  as  the 
germ,  the  four  flourishing  churches  in  the  city  have 
grown  up.  Dr.  Howell  also  entered  enthusiastic- 
ally into  the  general  interests  of  the  denomina- 
tion at  large,  and  commenced  the  publication  of 
T/ie  Baptist,  which  he  edited  for  many  years,  by 


TENNESSEE 


1143 


TERR  ILL 


which  lie  did  much  in  difl'iising  iiifonuation,  pro- 
moting harmony,  and  furthering  the  l)enevolent 
work  of  the  Convention.  Tiie  paper  thus  started 
still  exists,  and  has  had  a  wide  circulation  for 
thirty  years,  with  Rev.  J.  R.  Graves  as  its  editor 
and  proprietor.  But  it  has  been  removed  from 
Nashville  to  Memphis,  on  the  western  border  of 
tlie  State,  and  T/ie  Baptist  Rcfiectar  has  taken  its 
place  at  Nashville,  with  Revs.  J.  B.  Chevis  and  R. 
B.  Woniack  as  editors  and  proprietors. 

East  and  West  Tennessee  having  witlidrawn 
from  the  Convention  and  formed  independent  or- 
ganizations, the  Middle  Tennessee  brethren  dis- 
continued the  name,  and  substituted  for  it  General 
Association  of  Middle  Tennessee,  and  afterwards 
North  Alabama  was  added.  In  addition  to  its 
evangelical  work,  the  General  Association,  with  the 
co-operation  of  the  other  divisions  of  the  State,  es- 
tablished at  Murfreesborough  Union  University. 
an  institution  of  a  high  order,  and,  until  wrecked 
by  the  exigencies  of  the  civil  war,  one  of  the 
most  prosperous  denominational  institutions  of 
learning  in  the  Southwest.  Rev.  J.  II.  Eaton,  D.D., 
had  been  its  popular  president  from  its  foundation 
until  his  death,  a  few  years  before  the  war,  and 
Rev.  J.  M.  Pendleton,  D.D.,  now  of  Upland,  Pa., 
its  excellent  theological  professor.  After  the  war 
the  institution  was  reorganized,  and  it  struggled 
on  for  existence  for  several  years,  with  sunshine 
and  clouds  alternately,  until  it  was  forced  to  sus- 
pend. A  Convention  of  Baptists  of  the  State  was 
called  at  Murfreesljorough  in  1873  to  consider  what 
should  be  done.  The  result  which  followed  the 
proceedings  of  that  Convention  was  its  final  sus- 
pension, and  the  establishment  of  the  Southwestern 
Baptist  University,  at  Jackson,  in  the  western  part 
of  the  State,  wliich  has  now  been  in  successful 
operation  for  five  years.  It  has  a  medical  depart- 
ment in  Menipiiis.  ^liddle  Tennessee  Baptists 
have  the  Mary  Sharpe  Female  College,  at  Win- 
chester, which  has  had  for  twenty-five  years  un- 
paralleled prosperity  under  the  administration  of 
Rev.  Z.  C.  Graves,  LL.D. 

Thnugli  AV'est  Tennessee  began  to  be  settled  in 
1820,  and  Baptist  ciiurches  and  Associations  were 
soon  after  formed,  their  progress  is  not  mai-kcd 
with  any  special  interest  until  about  1833.  The 
West  Tennessee  Convention  was  formed  in  1835, 
since  which  the  denomination  has  made  good  prog- 
ress, and  has  had  some  of  the  most  liberal  and 
progressive  brethren  in  the  State.  Some  of  those 
who  may  be  regarded  as  their  ablest  pioneer  min- 
isters, nearly  all  of  whom  have  passed  away,  are 
Jerry  Burns,   Thomas  Owen,  P.  S.  Gayle,  C.  C. 

Conner,  N.   G.    Smith,  Collins,   George    N. 

Young,  J.  M.  Hart,  and  David  Ilaliliurton.  The 
West  Tennessee  Convention  estal)lislied  the  IJrowns- 
ville  Female  College,  which  has  done  a  good  work 


in  female  education.  In  187()  Middle  and  West 
Tennessee  dissolved  their  separate  organizations, 
and  with  some  East  Tennessee  churches  again 
formed  a  State  Convention,  which  now  gives  hope 
of  a  successful  union  of  the  whole  denomination 
in  its  missionary  and  educational  interests.  The 
results  of  the  hundred  years  of  labor  of  the  Bap- 
tists in  the  State  may  be  given  from  oHicial  docu- 
ments, with  a  few  estimates,  as  follows :  East 
Tennessee,  19  Associations  and  45,000  members; 
Middle  Tennessee,  10  Associations  and  22,000 
members ;  West  Tennessee,  7  Associations  and  a 
fraction  under  20,000  meraljers  ;  making  in  the 
State  87,000  regular  Baptists.  Besides  these,  there 
are  estimated  to  be  8000  anti-mission  Baptists 
and  20,000  colored  Baptists. 

COLORED  BAPTISTS. 

It  is  difficult  to  get  correct  statistics  of  the 
colored  Baptists.  There  is  an  increase  of  intel- 
ligence in  their  preachers  as  they  become  edu- 
cated in  the  common  .schools,  access  to  which 
they  now  have  all  over  the  State.  The  excellent 
institution  at  Nashville,  under  the  direction  of  Rev. 
Dr.  Phillips,  established  by  the  American  Baptist 
Home  ^Mission  Society,  is  doing  much  to  give  them 
an  educated  ministry,  the  beneficial  results  of 
which  are  already  visible.  With  their  present 
progress,  and  their  desire  for  improvement,  their 
future,  religiously  and  as  citizens,  may  be  regarded 
as  decidedly  bopelul.  With  judicious  and  intelli- 
gent leaders  they  will  become  a  liberal  and  pro- 
gressive ]jeople. 

Terrill,  Prof.  Anderson  Wood,  was  bom  in 
Randolph  Co.,  Mo.,  Dec.  20,  LSJO.  His  early  life 
was  spent  in  the  country.  After  a  thorough  pre- 
paratory course,  in  which  he  excelled  as  a  scholar, 
he  entered  Mount  Pleasant  College,  of  which  his 
brother,  J.  W.  Terrill,  was  jiresident,  and  graduated 
before  he  attained  iiis  majority.  For  four  years  he 
was  a  member  of  the  faculty  of  that  institution. 
lie  finally  left  Mount  Pleasant  College  to  accept 
the  presidency  of  Hardin  College,  at  Mexico,  Mo. 
In  character  he  is  positive.  His  purposes  are  firm 
and  his  plans  sure  to  be  executed.  In  manners  he 
is  mild,  and  he  possesses  a  personal  magnetism 
which  attaches  his  pupils  to  him  strongly.  He  is 
a  Baptist  in  religious  sentiment,  and  a  member 
of  that  church.  His  wife,  a  gifted  and  cultivated 
lady,  is  associated  with  him  as  a  teacher. 

Terrill,  Rev.  Benjamin,  was  born  May  8, 1811, 
in  Boone  Co.,  Ky.  \\k  was  converted  at  fourteen, 
and  baptized  by  Elder  Absalom  Graves.  He  set- 
tled in  Missouri  in  1836,  and  was  ordained  by  Rev. 
■Jesse  Terrill.  His  home  was  near  Moberly.  He 
was  a  man  of  good  native  talent  and  preached  the 
truth  clearly.  Ten  churches  were  established  in 
Central  Missouri  chiefly  through  his  instrumental- 


TERRILL 


1144 


TEXAS 


ity.  He  died  at  the  residence  of  his  son,  President 
A.  AV.  Terrill,  of  Mexico,  June  17,  1877,  and  was 
buried  at  his  old  home  near  Moherly,  Mo. 

Terrill,  Edward,  the  founder  of  the  Baptist 
college  at  Bristol,  Engliind,  was  born  in  163").  He 
conducted  for  several  years  a  flourisliing  school  in 
that  city,  and  joined  the  Broadniead  church  about 
1659.  He  was  soon  called  to  the  office  of  preaching 
elder,  and  served  the  cliurch  with  great  acceptance 
for  many  years.  In  coninion  with  many  other 
members  of  the  same  church,  he  was  cast  into 
prison  several  times  for  the  crime  of  nonconformity 
to  tiie  established  religion.  The  Broadniead  rec- 
ords show  that  Mr.  Terrill's  death  took  place  in 
1685-86,  for  on  July  25,  1686,  the  church  met  "  at 
sister  Terrill's  to  choose  a  ruling  elder  in  the  place 
of  dear  brother  Terrill,  deceased."  Himself  a  man 
of  learning,  and  being  deeply  impressed  with  the 
necessity  of  ministerial  education,  he  left  a  portion 
of  his  estate  in  tfust  for  the  pastor  of  the  Broad- 
mead  church,  for  the  time  being,  undeivthe  follow- 
ing conditions  :  "  Provided  he  be  an  holy  man,  well 
skilled  in  the  Greek  and  Hebrew  tongues,  in  which 
tiie  Scriptures  were  originally  written  ;  and  devote 
tiiree  afternoons  in  the  week  to  the  instruction  of 
any  number  of  young  students,  not  exceeding 
twelve,  who  may  be  recommended  by  the  churches, 
in  the  knowledge  of  the  original  languages,  and 
other  literature.''  This  bequest  became  available 
about  1717,  and  has  been  ever  since  a  source  of 
permanent  income  for  the  objects  contemphited  by 
the  testator,  under  the  name  of  Terrill's  Fund. 

Terry,  Rev.  A.  J.,  the  efficient  pastor  at  Bayou 
de  Glaise,  La.,  was  born  in  Mississippi  in  1846; 
began  to  preach  in  1866 ;  removed  to  Louisiana  in 
1871. 

Terry,  Rev.  Nathaniel  G.,  an  eloquent  and 

eminently  successful  minister  in  the  Green  River 
Valley,  was  born  in  Barren  Co.,  Ky.,  Nov.  17,  1829. 
He  took  an  academic  course  at  Glasgow,  in  his  na- 
tive county,  and  finished'  his  education  at  Centre 
College,  Danville,  Ky.,  after  which  he  took  charge 
of  the  Masonic  Female  College,  in  Glasgow.  He 
united  with  Salem  Baptist  church,  near  his  birth- 
place, in  1841.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  in  Au- 
gust, 1858,  and  ordained  in  December  of  the  same 
year.  Soon  after  his  ordination  he  was  called  to 
the  Baptist  cliurch  at  Glasgow,  where  he  labored 
witii  success  for  fourteen  years.  He  then  removed 
to  iiis  farm  near  Caverna.  Hart  Co.,  Ky.,  where  he 
has  since  resided,  being  pastor  of  four  country  and 
village  churches.  Ho  has  baptized  over  1100  per- 
sons, and  has  been  moderator  of  Liberty  Association 
eleven  years.  He  has  been  engaged  in  two  oral 
debates,  in  which  he  proved  himself  a  skillful  po- 
lemic, and  he  is  regarded  as  the  ablest  defender  of 
Baptist  principles  in  his  region  of  the  State. 
Test  Act. — See  CoRPOHATiox  .\nd  Test  Acts. 


Texas  Baptist. — Before  the  war  a  paper  by 
this  name  was' issued  from  Anderson,  Grimes  Co., 
edited  by  Rev.  George  AV.  Baines,  Sr.  On  Jan.  3, 
1874,  Rev.  II.  C.  Buckner  commenced  the  issue  of 
tiie  Baptist  Mensenyer  at  Paris,  Texas.  In  1875 
he  removed  to  Dallas,  thence  issuing  the  Messenger. 
On  -Jan.  13,  1879,  he  changed  the  name  to  Texas 
Bujjtist,  and  he  has  built  up  a  good  publishing 
house,  and  secured  an  encouraging  list  of  suIj- 
scribers.     The  paper  is  exertin;;  a  wide  influence. 

Texas  Baptist  Educational  Society.— Organ- 
ized in  1845;  suspended  from  1861  to  1872;  reor- 
ganized in  the  latter  year.  It  has  aided  more  than 
100  young  men  in  obtaining  an  education  for  the 
ministry.  It  has  a  small  sum  (S500),  donated  by 
Rev.  J.  AA''.  D.  Creath,  bearing  interest,  which  is 
annually  incorporated  with  collections,  and  appro- 
priated to  beneficiaries.  Rev.  J.  AA".  D.  Creath  is 
paying  an  additional  §500  in  annual  installments 
of  §50  per  annum.  Rev.  Henry  L.  S.  Graves  is 
president.  Rev.  AV.  Carey  Crane  is  corresponding 
secretary,  and  C.  R.  Breedlove,  E^..  is  treasurer. 
The  society  meets  annually  with  the  State  Con- 
vention. 

Texas  Baptist  Herald. — Under  the  direction 
of  the  Texas  Baptist  State  Convention,  on  May  31, 
1865,  one  number  of  the  Texas  Christian  Herald 
was  issued,  edited  by  AVm.  Carey  Crane  and  Hor- 
ace Clark.  No  other  number  was  issued  under 
that  name.  On  Dec.  \,3,  1865,  the  books,  printing 
paper,  and  about  §60  in  gold  were  turned  over  to 
Rev.  J.  B.  Link,  who  undertook  to  issue  the  Texas 
Baptist  Herald  on  that  day,  with  the  understand- 
ing that  all  existing  enterprises  in  Texas  should 
be  sustained.  Indefatigably  laboring,  Rev.  J.  B. 
Link,  aided  by  strong  friends,  has  won  success. 
The  journal  thus  started  has  grown  in  usefulness, 
until  now  it  has  an  encouraging  list  of  subscribers, 
with  a  strong  office,  and  ranks  .among  the  first  Bap- 
tist newspapers  in  the  Union.  Rev.  J.  B.  Link  and 
Rev.  0.  C.  Pope,  editors;  Rev.  Jones  Johnston, 
business  manager;  imblished  at  Houston. 

Texas  Baptist  State  Convention  was  organ- 
ized Sept.  8,  1848,  at  Anderson,  Grimes  Co.,  Texas. 
Its  objects  are  home  missions,  foreign  missions,  ed- 
ucation, and  such  other  measures  as  will  promote 
the  unity  and  harmony  of  the  whole  denomination 
and  extend  the  gospel  in  the  State.  During  its 
existence  about  §75,000  for  the  support  of  mission- 
aries in  destitute  places  in  the  State  have  been 
raised,  and  thus  have  laid  the  foundations  of  a 
large  number  of  churches.  It  has  raised  and  for- 
warded about  §18,000  for  foreign  missions,  and  has 
aided  all  tiie  general  benevolent  enterprises  of  the 
day.  It  has  fostered  Baylor  University  and  Baylor 
Female  College,  whose  trustees  it  appoints  annu- 
ally. It  comprises  over  one-half  of  the  State  in  its 
present  operations,  allowing  the  Gener.al  Associa- 


TEXAS 


1145 


THARP 


tion  and  the  Eastern  Convention  the  remainder  of 
the  State.  Its  presidents  have  been  Henry  L. 
Graves,  James  Iluckins,  J.  W.  D.  Creath,  R.  E.  B. 
Baylor,  Rufus  C.  Burleson,  Ilosea  Garrett,  Wni. 
Carey  Crane,  and  C.  C.  Chaplin.  Hon.  0.  II.  P.  Gar- 
rett has  held  the  oflSce  of  recording  secretary  most 
of  the  time  since  1.S48.  No  other  organization  has 
exerted  a  grander  influence  on  the  State  than  this 
State  Convention.  Besides  its  officers  and  direc- 
tors it  has  a  board  of  trustees,  chartered  by  the 
Legislature,  to  which  is  committed  the  charge  of 
all  bequests  and  trusts.  This  board  have  §1100 
loaned  out,  the  bequest  of  Mrs.  Mary  Vickers, 
bearing  ten  per  cent,  interest,  vyhich  interest  is 
annually  appropriated  to  domestic  missions  in  the 
State. 

Texas  Baptist  Sunday-School  Convention, 
organized  at  Independence  in  November,  18i)0, 
has  sustained  a  depositary  and  a  general  mission- 
ary during  nearly  all  its  existence.  Its  mission- 
aries, charged  with  the  work  of  organizing  new 
Sunday-schools  and  infusing  life  into  old  ones, 
have  been  Rev.  S.  S.  Cross,  Rev.  M.  V.  Smith, 
Rev.  W.  II.  Robert,  Rev.  II.  L.  Graves,  and  Rev. 
W.  D.  Powell,  the  present  incumbent.  In  1877-78 
seventy  new  Sunday-schools  were  organized.  W. 
R.  Howell,  Esq.,  President ;  Rev.  J.  M.  Carroll, 
Corresponding  Secretary  :  P.  Hawkins,  Esq.,  Re- 
cording Secretary,  Anderson,  Grimes  Co.,  Texas. 

Texas  Baptists  in  1880, — Whole  number  of 
coiiuuiinicants.  lo7.r)7S  ;  cliurches,  1910  ;  Associa- 
tions, 81  ;  Sunday-schools,  .'150;  colleges  and  uni- 
versities, 4 ;  newspapers,  3  ;  value  of  college  prop- 
erty, $200,000  ;  Anti-Missionary  Baptists  number 
1000  communicants. 

Texas,  Eastern  Baptist  Convention  of,  was 

organized  at  Overton,  Texas,  in  1877.  It  proposes 
to  sustain  missions  in  that  part  of  Texas  chiefly 
lying  between  the  Trinitv  and  Sabine  Rivers.  Its 
managers  are  men  of  ability,  influence,  and  piety, 
and  much  good  will  unquestional^ly  result  from 
their  efforts. 

Texas,  Freedmen's  College  of. — The  Baptists 

of  this  country  are  making  extraordinary  efforts  to 
educate  their  white  and  colored  ministers.  No 
community  in  the  United  States  has  done  more  in 
this  department  of  benevolence,  and  within  the  last 
fifty  years  no  other  denomination  has  done  as 
miicii. 

In  October,  1880,  a  ton-acre  lot  was  [jurchased  in 
Marshall,  Texas,  at  a  cost  of  l^^oOO,  and  paid  fur  by 
the  colored  Baptists  and  their  friends  living  on 
the  field.  Tiie  lot  is  for  Bishop  Baptist  College. 
It  is  on  the  west  side  of  the  city,  beautifully  orna- 
mented with  shade-trees.  In  the  centre  of  it  stands 
a  two-story  brick  mansion,  40  feet  wide  and  60 
feet  long.  On  the  17th  of  June,  1881,  ground  was 
broken  fur  a  new  building,  to  cost  $10,000,  to  be 


erected  by  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Society.  The  college  will  open  in  the  autumn  for 
the  higher  education  of  colored  ministers  and 
teachers  in  the  Southwest,  where  more  than  one- 
tenth  of  the  colored  population  of  the  United  States 
resides. 

Texas,  General  Association  of,  was  organized 
;  in  1807.  It  lias  had  the  same  objects  in  view  as 
the  State  Convention,  and  has  sustained  mission- 
aries in  destitute  regions  of  the  State.  It  has  raised 
nearly  §20,000  for  various  objects  since  its  organi- 
zation, and  has  exercised  no  little  influence  over  all 
Northern  Texas.  Its  presidents  have  been  Gen. 
James  E.  Harrison,  Gen.  Jos.  W.  Speight,  Rev.  A. 
E.  Clemmons,  D.D.,  and  llev.  Rufus  C.  Burleson, 
D.D. 
Texas  Union  Association  w.as  organized  at 

Travis,  Austin  Co.,  republic  of  Texas,  Oct.  8,  1840. 
It  was  the  first  in  Texas,  composed  of  3  churches 
and  45  communicants.  First  moderator,  T.  W. 
Cox;  J.W.Collins,  Clerk;  R.  E.  B.  Baylor,  Corre- 
sponding Secretary.  It  has  now  51  churches  and 
3142  communicants.  Out  of  it  have  sprung  all  the 
organizations  and  institutions  in  Texas. 
Tharp,  Benjamin  Franklin,  D.D.,  one  of  the 

most  able  and  respected  ministers  of  Georgia,  and 
;i  resident  of  Perry,  Houston  Co.,  was  born  Sept. 
IG,  1819,  in  Twiggs  County.  His  grandfather, 
Rev.  V.  A.  Tharp,  from  Virginia,  was  one  of  Mar- 
ion's men  towards  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary 
war.  He  removed  to  Georgia  and  settled  in  AVar- 
ren  County  after  the  Revolutionary  war.  Wm.  A. 
Tharp,  Dr.  B.  F.  Tliarp"s  father,  sent  him  to  Mer- 
cer Institute,  in  which  and  in  Mercer  University 
he  remained  six  years,  graduating  in  1841,  and 
then  repairing  to  Newton  Theological  Seminary  to 
prepare  for  the  ministry.  His  father  dying  before 
his  theological  course  was  completed,  he  returned 
home  and  engaged  in  farming.  Nevertheless  he 
entered  the  ministry  immediately,  and  took  charge 
of  some  of  the  most  important  churches  in  South- 
western Georgia,  including  those  at  Perry,  Ilayne- 
ville,  and  Jeffersonville.  For  at  least  thirty-five 
years  he  lias  been  actively  engaged  in  the  ministry, 
having  served  several  churches  more  than  a  quar- 
ter of  a  century.  He  lias  risen  to  prominence 
among  the  Baptist  ministers  of  Georgia  both  as  a 
preacher  and  a  scholar,  and  stands  equally  high  in 
the  estimation  of  the  public  and  in  tlie  affections 
of  his  brethren.  In  the  Rehoboth  Association  his 
influence  is  unsurpassed,  and  he  has  taken  tiie  lead 
in  that  benevolent  body  in  promoting  its  missions  in 
Central  Africa  and  among  the  Indians  of  the  West. 
'  Always  wealthy,  he  has  been  able  to  preach  much 
I  to  poor  churches  without  compensation.  Among 
'  the  colored  people  he  has  labored  largely  and  with 
'  much  success,  and  when,  after  the  war,  the  colored 
I  members   of    the   white   churches   withdrew    and 


THARP 


1146 


THOMAS 


formed  churches  of  their  own,  with  pastors  of  their 
own  color,  Dr.  Tharp  turned  over  to  the  colored 
pastor  of  the  new  colored  Perry  church  1000  mem- 
bers. To  these  he  had  for  years  preached  faith- 
fully, and  among  them  he  had  established  Sunday- 
schools,  which  had  long  been  taught  by  the  younger 
male  and  female  members  of  the  white  church  at 
Rerry. 

Since  1851,  Dr.  Tharp  has  been  a  trustee  of 
Mercer  University.  During  the  war  he  was  a  vol- 
untary evangelist  in  the  army,  and  for  two  years 
he  was  an  agent,  without  salary,  for  Mercer  Uni- 
versity, and  increased  its  endowment  $20,000.  He 
is  a  strong  preacher,  a  decided  Baptist,  and  a  man 
who,  by  his  intellectual  appearance,  would  attract 
attention  anywhere.  Ilis  piety  is  undoubted,  and 
his  liberality  is  great.  The  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity  was  conferred  on  him  by  Mercer  Univer- 
sity in  1873. 

Tharp,  Rev.  Vincent,  was  born  in  Virginia  in 
1760,  fought  in  the  Revolutionary  war,*and  removed 
to  Georgia,  where  he  was  converted  and  joined  the 
Brier  Creek  church,  Warren  County,  by  which  he 
was  licensed  and  ordained  in  1800.  He  served 
several  churches  in  Burke  County,  afterwards  mov- 
ing to  Twiggs  County.  He  was  pastor  of  Stone 
Creek  church.  His  labors  were  blessed  to  the  sal- 
vation of  many.  For  years  he  was  moderator  of 
the  Ebenezer  Association,  and  was  very  highly  es- 
teemed by  his  brethren.  He  died  in  the  triumphs 
of  faith  in  1825.  Many  of  his  descendants  are 
among  the  most  respectable  and  wealthy  citizens 
of  Georgia,  among  whom  may  be  mentioned  Rev. 
Charnick  Tharp,  a  son,  and  Dr.  B.  F.  Tharp,  a 
grandson. 

Thearle,  Rev.  F.  G.,  was  bom  in  London, 
England,  Oct.  24,  1828.  Coming  to  this  country 
in  1850,  he  first  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits, 
but  afterwai'ds  studied  litw,  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  the  courts  of  his  adopted  State, — Wis- 
consin. His  conversion  occurred  in  the  year  1858, 
and  he  was  baptized  at  Darlington,  February  14 
of  that  year.  Becoming  convinced  of  his  duty  to 
preach  the  gospel,  he  entered  the  ministry,  and 
became  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Tafton, 
Wis.,  wiiere  he  was  ordained  in  October,  1859.  In 
April,  1865,  he  removed  to  Decatur,  111.,  having 
accepted  the  call  of  .the  Baptist  church  in  that 
place,  and  there  continued  until  forced  by  failure 
of  health  to  resign,  in  1868.  After  about  one  year 
and  a  half  he  was  appointed  district  secretary  of 
the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society  for  the 
Northwest,  his  field  including  Northern  Illinois, 
Wisconsin,  Michigan,  Minnesota,  and  Dakota  Ter- 
ritory. This  immense  district  was  cared  for  by 
him  in  the  interest  of  his  society  with  marked 
efficiency  until  his  transfer  to  the  business  depart- 
ment, as  depositary,  of  the  society's  branch  house 


at  Chicago,  March  15,  1879,  which  place  he  still 
holds. 

Thickstun,  Rev.  Thomas  F.,  was  born  in 
Crawford  Co.,  Pa.,  July  3,  1824 ;  was  educated  in 
the  common  schools  of  his  native  county  and  at 
Kingsville  Academy,  0.  Afterwards  for  a  time 
studied  medicine,  and  attended  a  course  of  lectures 
in  Cleveland,  0.  After  further  consideration  he 
devoted  himself  to  teaching,  and  for  twentj'-three 
years  he  pursued  that  profession.  He  taught  in 
Kingsville  Academy  and  the  Geauga  Seminary, 
0.,  Meadviile  Academy,  Pa.,  and  the  Baptist  Insti- 
tution, Hastings,  Minn.  He  was  ordained  in  1861, 
and  in  1865  commenced  his  first  pastorate  at  Wa- 
verly,  Iowa,  where  he  remained  three  years,  build- 
ing a  good  meeting-house  and  placing  the  church 
in  a  vigorous  condition.  In  1868  he  became  pastor 
of  the  newly-organized  church  at  Council  Bluffs. 
A  good  meeting-house  was  built,  and  a  position  of 
strength  and  hope  gained.  He  has  served  the  Iowa 
Baptist  State  Convention  as  secretary  two  years, 
one  year  giving  his  entire  time  ta  the  work  of  the 
Convention. 

•Thomas,  Rev.  Arthur  G.,  was  bom  in  New 

Columbia,  Pa.,  Feb.  23,  1827 ;  ordained  to  the 
work  of  the  ministry  in  Freeport,  111.,  March  18, 
1858.  He  has  also  served  as  pastor  with  much  ac- 
ceptance in  the  following  places:  Baltimore,  Md. ; 
Mount  Holly,  Camden,  and  Jacobstown,  N.  J. ;  and 
in  Chester,  Pa.  During  the  civil  war  he  served  as 
chaplain  in  the  U.  S.  army  hospitals.  Mr.  Thomas 
is  a  diligent  student.  He  has  traveled  extensively 
in  Europe  and  in  the  East.  As  an  author,  he  has 
contributed  to  the  Sabbath-school  literature  of  the 
present  day  a  valuable  and  interesting  volume  en- 
titled "  The  Fields  of  Boaz." 

Thomas,  Rev.  Benjamin,  the  father  of  the 
Rev.  B.  D.  Thomas,  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  was 
born  near  Meidrym,  Carmarthenshire,  Wales,  in 
the'year  1792.  Having  been  found  an  acceptable 
preacher  by  the  Baptist  church  in  that  vicinity,  he 
was  induced  to  enter  Horton,  now  Rawdon,  Col- 
lege, under  the  presidency  of  Dr.  William  Stead- 
man.  .  At  the  close  of  his  college  course  he  accepted 
the  pastorate  of  the  infant  church  at  Narberth, 
Pembrokeshire,  where  he  ministered  with  fidelity 
and  acceptance  for  a  period  of  forty  years.  At 
the  commencement  of  his  ministry  the  English- 
speaking  portion  of  Pembrokeshire  was  in  great 
spiritual  destitution.  By  reason  of  his  incessant 
labors,  and  the  active  lieip  of  others,  the  wil- 
derness was  made  to  bloom  with  a  new  and  spir- 
itual life.  Witnin  the  period  of  his  ministry 
churches  grew  up  and  flourished  in  every  part  of 
that  once  neglected  region.  He  was  for  many 
years  their  apostle  and  quasi-l)ishop,  while  at  the 
same  time  giving  the  necessary  attention  to  the 
demands   of  one  of  the  largest   churches   in  the 


THOMAS 


1147 


THOMAS 


county  as  pastor.  lie  died  July  6,  1SG2,  but  his 
name  and  itK^uory  are  fragrant  in  all  that  region 
of  cnunt7-y  still. 

Thomas,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  late  president  of 

Judson  University,  Ark.,  was  Ijorn  in  South  Wales 
in  1823.  AViien  (juite  young  he  removed  to  the 
State  of  Ohio.  He  was  educated  at  Denison  Uni- 
versity, 0.,  and  ordained  in  1846.  Besides  teach- 
ing in  Vermilion  College,  he  has  filled  the  following 
pastorates  in  Ohio :  Mansfield,  Moni'oeville,  First 
church  in  Zancsville,  Brookfield,  and  Newark,  be- 
sides performing  much  evangelistic  labor.  Subse- 
quently he  removed  to  Bloomington,  111.,  and  be- 
came Western  secretary  of  the  American  Bible 
Union.  Having  tilled  other  important  positions 
in  Illinois,  he  came  to  Arkansas  in  18G4,  and  be- 
came president  of  Judson  University,  which  posi- 
tion he  held  until  recently.  During  the  war  he 
served  as  a  soldier  in  the  Federal  army,  and  be- 
came brevet  colonel. 

Thomas,  Rev.  Benjamin  D.,  was  bom  near 
Narberth,  Pembrokeshire,  AVales,  in  January,  1843. 


REV.  B.    D.   TH0M.\S. 

His  father  was  pastor  of  the  church  in  Narberth 
for  forty  years.  Spent  four  years  in  Graig  House 
-Vcademy,  Swansea,  and  graduated  at  ILiverford- 
West.  His  first  and  only  pastorate  in  AV'ales  was 
at  Neath,  Glamorganshire,  where  he  labored  for 
.six  years.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in  the 
fall  of  1868,  and  soon  afterwards  entered  upon  the 
pastorate  of  the  church  in  Pittston,  Pa.,  where  he 
remained  nearly  three  years.  lie  then  accepted  a 
call  to  his  present  field  of  labor,  the  Fifth  church, 


Philadelphia,  and  entered  upon  his  duties  Oct.  1, 
1871.  He  is  a  man  of  tine  personal  appearance, 
of  a  modest  and  retiring  disposition,  and  of  unaf- 
fected simplicity  of  manners.  As  a  preacher,  he 
brings  forth  things  new  and  old  from  Bible  treas- 
ures, and  presents  thom  to  his  hearers  in  "  thoughts 
that  breathe  and  words  that  burn."  He  has  con- 
tributed 0(-casionally  to  religious  journals,  and  has 
recently  published  a  little  volume  of  rare  merit  en- 
titled "  Popular  Excuses  of  the  Unconverted."  He 
labors  earnestly  to  win  souls  to  the  Saviour,  and 
has  greatly  endeared  himself  to  an  appreciative 
and  devoted  people. 

Thomas,  Rev.  Cyrus,  a  native  of  Sudbury, 
Rutland  Co.,  Vt.,  where  he  was  born  Aug.  15, 
1846;  was  converted  and  baptized  when  eighteen 
years  of  age  by  Rev.  C.  A.  Thomas,  D.D.,  of  Bran- 
don, Vt. ;  educated  at  Middlebury  College,  Vt.,  and 
at  Alton  Theological  Seminary,  Alton,  III. ;  or- 
dained at  Upper  Alton,  111.,  in  July,  1869;  has 
been  pastor  of  three  churches, — Bellville,  111.,  East 
St.  Louis,  and  New  Lisbon,  Wis.,  where  he  has 
been  settled  six  years,  and  where  he  now  resides. 
During  the  late  war  Mr.  Thomas  entered  the  U.  S. 
service  in  the  1st  Vermont.  Heavy  Artillery,  in 
which  he  was  commissioned  a  lieutenant.  He 
was  twice  wounded  while  in  battle,  and  he  is  dis- 
abled for  life.  He  was  twice  promoted  for  gallant 
conduct.  His  ministerial  record  is  excellent,  and 
he  is  highly  esteemed  for  his  work's  sake. 

Thomas,  Danford,  LL.B.,  was  born  in  Win- 

throp.  Me.,  Sept.  '20,  1817.  After  taking  a  pre- 
paratory course  at  Kent's  Hill  and  Waterville,  Me., 
he  entered  Colby  University,  where  he  graduated 
in  1838.  The  next  year  he  was  appointed  tutor  in 
Colby  College.  In  1840  he  was  elected  to  the  chair 
of  Ancient  Languages  and  Literature  in  George- 
town College,  Ky.,  a  position  he  has  now  occupied 
forty  years.  He  united  with  a  Baptist  church 
in  his  native  State  in  his  fourteenth  year,  and  has 
been  a  liberal  contributor  to  the  benevolent  enter- 
prises of  his  denomination.  He  takes  special  in- 
terest in  literary  and  theological  education,  and 
has  for  some  time  lieen  president  of  the  Baptist 
Sunday-School  Board  in  Kentucky. 

Thomas,  Rev.  David,  A.M.,  of  whom  Dr.  R.  B. 

Seni])le  says,  "  There  wore  few  such  men  in  the 
world  in  his  day,"  was  born  at  London  Tract.  Pa,, 
Aug.  16,  1732.  lie  was  educated  at  Hopewell,  N.  J., 
under  the  famous  Isaac  Eaton,  and  received  the 
degree  of  A.M.  from  Rhode  Island  College  (now 
Brown  University).  He  was  ordained  to  the  min- 
istry at  about  the  age  of  eighteen  years.  In  1751 
he  went  with  John  Gano  and  James  Miller  us  a  mis- 
sionary from  the  Philadelphia  Baptist  Association 
to  Virginia.  During  a  preaching  tour  in  Fauquier 
County  he  formed  the  Broad  Run  church,  and  be- 
came its  pastor  about  1762.    Immense  crowds  were 


THOMAS 


1148 


THOMAS 


attracted  by  his  ministry,  and  people  traveled  from 
fifty  to  a  hundred  miles  to  hear  him.  In  1763  he 
went  to  Culpeper  County  to  preach,  but  the  mob 
anticipated  and  prevented  him.  He,  hovrever,  en- 
tered Orange  County,  and  was  more  successful. 
This  was  the  first  time  any  Bapti'sts  had  preached 
in  that  part  of  Virginia,  and  he  met  with  much 
rude  treatment,  at  one  time  being  dragged  from 
the  pulpit  and  treated  in  a  brutal  manner.  In 
spite  of  opposition  he  continued  his  labors  with  un- 
abated zeal,  until  many  churches  were  formed  in 
Northern  Virginia.  During  the  Revolutionary  war 
he  gave  his  influence  and  the  power  of  his  great 
eloquence  to  the  cause  of  the  colonies.  A  poem 
of  his,  denouncing  the  union  between  the  Episco- 
pal church  and  the  state  in  Virginia,  had  much  to 
do  with  the  destruction  of  that  unholy  relation. 
Thomas  Jefferson  held  him  in  high  esteem,  and 
Patrick  Henry  cherished  a  warm  regard  for  him. 
In  1788  he  removed  to  Berkeley  County,  and  took 
charge  of  Mill  Creek  church,  to  which  he  min- 
istered about  eight  years.  In  1796  he  removed  to 
Kentucky,  and  was  settled  over  Washington  church 
in  Mason  County.  After  a  short  time  he  located  in 
Jessamine  County,  and  united  with  East  Hickman 
church.     He  died  about  1801. 

Thomas,  Rev.  D.  B.,  an  efficient  Louisiana 
minister,  was  born  in  Tennessee  in  1804 ;  ordained 
in  1850,  and  was  some  time  a  missionary  of  Ouach- 
ita Association,  La.  ;  died  Jan.  22,  1872. 

Thomas,  Rev.  Evan  J.,  was  born  in  South 
Wales,  March  16,  1821.  He  came  with  his  parents 
to  the  United  States  in  1832,  landing  in  Philadel- 
phia. At  the  age  of  thirteen  he  experienced  con- 
version, and  was  baptized  at  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  by 
Rev.  Peter  Lloyd,  pastor  of  the  Welsh  Baptist 
church  in  that  city.  In  1846  he  was  ordained  as  a 
Baptist  minister  in  Miami  Co.,  0.  His  pastorates 
since  have  been  in  that  State  and  in  Indiana,  Mich- 
igan, and  Illinois  ;  at  Atlanta,  in  the  last-named 
State,  he  is  now  living.  ,His  name  has  stood  upon 
the  lists  of  the  Illinois  Baptist  ministry  for  nearly 
thirty  years,  and  he  retains  undiminished  the  love 
and  confidence  of  his  brethren.  Four  of  Mr. 
Thomas's  brothers  have  been,  or  are.  Baptist  min- 
isters,— John  E.  Thomas,  David  E.  Thomas,  Daniel 
Thomas,  and  Benjamin  Thomas,  D.D.  The  last 
named  is  still  in  the  work,  the  others  have  finished 
their  course  and  gone  to  their  reward.  All  five 
of  these  brothers  have  been  successful  in  their  min- 
istry to  a  marked  degree,  having  baptized  thou- 
sands of  converts,  of  whom  many  are  now  in  the 
ministry.  A  son  of  Mr.  Thomas,  Rov.  J.  B. 
Thomas,  graduated  at  the  seminary  in  Chicago  in 
the  class  of  1880,  and  is  now  pastor  at  Dubuque, 
Iowa. 

Thomas,  John,  M.B.,  was  born  at  Fairford.  in 
England,  May   16,    1757.     He   first  practised   his 


profession  in  London,  but  subsequently  became 
physician  to  iifx  East-Indiaman.  He  was  converted 
through  a  sermon  preached  by  the  celebrated  Dr. 
Samuel  Stennett,  from  John  vi.  27.  In  1783,  when 
he  reached  India  by  the  "  Oxford,"  he  was  very 
desirous  of  meeting  with  serious  Christians,  Euro- 
peans, of  course,  but  he  could  find  none.  In  1785 
he  was  baptized  in  London  by  the  venerable  Abra- 
ham Booth,  and  he  began  to  preach  in  different 
places  soon  after.  The  next  year  when  he  reached 
India  he  established  a  prayer-meeting  and  some- 
times preached.  From  1787  to  1792  Dr.  Thomas 
remained  in  India,  and  labored  earnestly  to  lead  Hs 
perishing  people  to  Jesus,  with  the  awakening  of 
a  few  Hindoos. 

Dr'.  Thomas  came  again  to  England  to  take  his 
family  to  India,  that  he  might  devote  himself 
wholly  to  mission  work.  To  his  joyful  surprise 
he  learned  of  the  Baptist  Missionary  Society,  just 
formed,  and  of  the  intention  of  William  Carey  to 
labor  among  the  heathen.  They  both  went  to  India. 
Dr.  Thomas  preached  with  some  success,  and  then 
for  a  time  became  insane.  He  died  of  brain  fever 
inCalcutta  in  September,  1800. 

He  was  imprudent,  but  full  of  zeal  for  souls,  and 
full  of  faith  in  the  triumph  of  truth. 

Thomas,  Rev.  J.  A.  W.,  is  an  exception  to  the 
general  rule  that  "  a  prophet  is  not  without  honor 
save  in  his  own  country."  He  has  spent  his  life 
in  Marlborough  Co.,  S.  C.  He  was  born  Dec.  31, 
1822,  baptized  in  his  fifteenth  year,  licensed  to 
preach  in  1848,  and  ordained  in  1849.  He  has 
been  pastor  of  the  Bennettsville  church  from  that 
time  to  the  present. 

He  was  in  the  war  three  years  and  a  half  as  a 
captain.  He,  however,  preached  almost  as  regu- 
larly as  at  home,  and  bajitized  seventy  soldiers. 
Since  his  ordination  lie  has  baptized  about  lOiX) 
persons,  and  preached  5000  times. 

Thomas,  Jesse  B.,  D.D.,  was  bom  at  Edwards- 
ville.  111.,  July  29,  1832.  He  is  the  son  of  the  late 
Hon.  Jesse  B.  Thomas,  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Illinois.  He  was  graduated  at  Kenyon  College, 
0.,  in  1850,  and  commenced  preparation  for  the 
profession  of  the  law.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  Illinois  in  1855.  In  1852  entered  Rochester 
Theological  Seminary  to  prepare  for  the  ministry, 
but  ill  health  obliged  him  to  leave  after  a  short 
period.  For  a  time  he  was  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits  in  Chicago.  In  1862  he  gave  himself 
wholly  to  the  work  of  the  ministry,  and  became 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Waukegan,  111.  In 
1864  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Pierpont  Street  Bap- 
tist church,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  He  subsequently  set- 
tled as  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  San 
Francisco.  Cal.,  of  the  Michigan  Avenue  Baptist 
church,  Ciiicago,  and  in  1874  he  took  charge  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Brooklyn.     After  the  First 


THOMAS 


1149 


THOMAS 


church  edifice  was  burned  its  members  held  united 
services  with  the  Pierpont  Street  church,  which  re- 
sulted in  the  union  of  the  two  churches  and  the 
erection  of  tlie  fine  edifice  wliicfi  tliey  now  occupy. 
Dr.  Tlioniiis  i.s  by  nature  an  orator.  IIi«  voice, 
his  manner,  his  wit,  and  his  earnestness  captivate 


^:x 


JESSE    li.  THOMAS,   D.D. 


and  arouse  his  audiences  to  an  unwonted  degree. 
He  is  also  a  scholar  in  the  broadest  sense.  His 
lectures  on  the  theories  of  modern  skeptics  have 
been  pronounced  as  equal,  if  not  superior,  to  those 
■of  Dr.  Joseph  Parker,  by  their  accuracy  of  state- 
ment, faultless  rhetoric,  and  resistless  logic.  They 
have  been  received  by  learned  assemblies  with  de- 
light. As  a  lecturer,  he  uses  brief  notes,  simply 
indicating  the  lines  of  thought.  As  a  preacher, 
he  employs  none,  yet  his  ideas  are  always  clothed 
in  appropriate  expressions,  and  the  repetition 
and  redundancy  of  ordinary  extemporaneous  speak- 
ers never  mar  his  discourses,  lie  is  genial  and 
unassuming,  with  great  powers  of  persuasion 
and  a  strong  intellect.  He  never  discusses  the 
minor  differences,  but  seeks  by  all  means  to  bring 
men  to  Christ,  and  to  strengthen  the  faith  of  the 
cluirch  in  its  divine  Teacher.  He  is  sometimes 
borne  away  by  the  strength  of  his  emotions,  and 
indulges  in  impassioned  picturings  of  the  realm  of 
thought  he  is  exploring.  His  audiences  seem  to 
be  witnessing  a  drama  where  the  towers  and  giants 
of  error  and  doubt  are  falling  on  every  side.  If 
his  life  is  spared,  for  which  we  devoutly  pray,  he 
will  be  the  most  influential  minister  in  America, 
■with  a  reputation  as  wide  as  Anglo-S.axondom. 


Thomas,  Rev.  J.  D.,  was  born  in  Lower  Prov- 
idence, Montgomery  Co.,  Pa.,  Feb.  22,  1836. 
During  student-life  in  the  university  at  Lewisburg 
he  made  a  profession  of  faith,  and  united  with  the 
Uaptist  Church.  Subsequently  he  entered  the 
I  mini.stry,  and  settled  as  a  missionary  pastor  over 
several  feeble  churciies  in  Huntingdon  Co.,  Pa. 
For  the  space  of  eleven  years  he  faced  the  winter's 
storm  and  endured  the  summer's  heat,  and  faith- 
fully performed  a  noble  work  on  a  field  which  few 
are  found  to  covet.  But  forbidding  as  was  tlie  toil 
of  travel  and  the  care  of  tiiree  feeble  churches,  he 
joyfully  accepted  his  allotted  work,  and  continued 
in  it  until,  in  Nnvember,  1878,  he  was  suddenly 
called  to  his  final  rest. 

Thomas,  Robert  S.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Scott 
Co.,  Ky.,  .June  20,  l.'SO.").  Ho  was  converted  at  tlie 
age  of  sixteen,  and  baptized  by  .Jeremiah  V^arde- 
inan,  in  Paris,  Ky.  He  was  ordained,  in  1830,  in 
Columbia,  Mo.,  and  was  pastor  there  for  years. 
He  labored  as  an  evangelist;  introduced  Sabbath- 
schools  into  Missouri.  In  1835  he  aided  in  organ- 
izing the  General  Association,  and  was  an  honored 
member  of  it  for  twenty-five  years.  His  wisdom, 
ability,  scholarship,  and  successful  labors  gave 
liim  a  high  place  in  the  denomination  in  Missouri. 
He  was  Professor  of  Languages  and  Moral  Science 
in  the  State  University.  In  1853,  president  of 
William  Jewell  College.  His  last  days  were  spent 
in  organizing  a  church  in  Kansas  City,  and  in  la- 
boring successfully  as  its  pastor  until  his  death, 
June  12,  1859.  In  all  relations  he  was  a  model 
man.  His  monument  is  of  a  spiritual  character, 
and  it  will  last  forever. 

Thomas,  Rev.  Smith,  a  popular  and  eloquent 
pastor  and  evangelist,  was  born  in  AVashington 
Co.,  Ky.,  Sept.  4,  1810.  He  united  with  Hardin's 
Creek  Baptist  church,  near  his  birthplace,  in  his 
seventeenth  year,  and  was  licensed  to  preach  at 
the  age  of  twenty-two,  and  soon  afterwards  or- 
dained. He  was  several  years  pastor  of  Cox's 
Creek  and  other  churciies  in  Nelson  and  Shelby 
Counties.  Upon  the  death  of  his  wife,  in  1854,  he 
gave  himself  almost  wholly  to  the  work  of  an  evan- 
gelist in  Kentucky  and  Missouri.  During  his  min- 
istry he  baptized  about  1300  persons,  chiefly  into 
the  churches  of  which  he  was  pastor,  and  about 
2000  others  were  brought  into  the  churches  under 
his  labors,  and  baptized  by  pastors,  while  he  was 
acting  as  an  evangelist.  Of  those  who  were  con- 
verted under  his  ministry,  thirty-four  became 
preachers  of  the  gospel.  He  made  his  home  in 
Louisville  during  the  latter  years  of  his  life,  and 
was  about  twelve  years  moderator  of  Long  Run 
Association.     He  died  March  27,  1869. 

Thomas,  Thomas  E.,  Benjamin  H.,  St.,  Ben- 
jamin H.,  Jr. — This  group  eiubraces  father,  son, 
and  grandson,  the    latter  now  preparing    for   the 


THOMAS 


1150 


THOMPSON 


ministry.  The  father  was  liorn  in  Wales,  and  pos- 
sessed more  than  the  usual  amount  of  Welsh  fire, 
and  was  on  this  account  deservedly  popular  wher- 
ever he  labored.  He  died  in  November,  1854,  aged 
seventy-six.  The  son  inherits  his  excellent  traits,, 
with  the  added  advantage  of  culture,  and  both 
father  and  son  have  for  a  long  succession  of  years 
filled  the  pulpit  of  Zion  church,  Clarion  Co.,  Pa. 
To  the  son  we  are  indebted  for  the  founding  of  the 
Reid  Institute  in  Reidsburg,  Clarion  Co.,  Pa. 

Thomas,  William  H.,  D.D.,  was  born  June  6, 
1806,  in  Franklin,  Ky.  He  was  converted  in  1822. 
Spent  seven  sessions  at  school,  under  the  tuition 
of  Spencer  Clark,  at  Bloomfield.  lie  was  ordained 
in  1832.  He  has  preached  ever  since,  and  is  now 
advanced  in  years.  Many  have  made  a  profession 
of  faith  under  his  preaching,  and  have  been  bap- 
tized by  him.  His  talents  were  more  than  or- 
dinary; his  writings  on  various  subjects  are  clear 
and  scholarly.  He  is  honored  and  loved  by  the 
people  to  whom  he  ministers. 

Thompson,  Rev.  A.  D.,  was  converted  in  Char- 
lotte Co.,  New  Brunswick,  where,  in  1831,  he  was 
baptized  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Ainslie ;  was  or- 
dained, in  1834,  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  the 
parish  of  St.  Andrew's,  New  Brunswick,  and  con- 
tinued in  that  relation  until  a  short  time  before  his 
death,  in  1874.  Possessed  of  a  deeply  earnest  spirit, 
and  gifted  with  a  ready  and  powerful  eloquence, 
Mr.  Thompson's  ministry  was  very  useful  in  these 
provinces,  particularly  in  New  Brunswick. 

Thompson,  Rev.  Charles,  was  born  in  Amwell, 

N.  J.,  April  14,  1748.  Having  completed  his  pre- 
paratory studies,  he  repaired  to  Warren,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  first  class  that  entered  Rhode 
Island  College  under  the  presidency  of  Dr.  Man- 
ning, and  graduated  in  17G9  with  the  highest 
honors  in  a  class  of  seven.  These  seven  students 
"were,"  in  the  words  of  Dr.  Guild,  "young  men 
of  unusual  promise.  Some  of  them  were  destined 
to  fill  conspicuous  places  in  the  approaching  strug- 
gle for  independence  ;  others  were  to  be  leaders  in 
the  church  and  distiriguished "educators  of  youth. 
Probably  no  class  that  has  gone  forth  from  the 
university,  in  her  palmiest  days  of  prosperity,  has 
exerted  so  widely  extended  and  beneficial  an  influ- 
ence, the  times  and  circumstances  taken  into  con- 
sideration, as  this  first  class  that  graduated  at 
Warren." 

President  Manning's  removal  to  Providence  with 
the  college  dissolved  his  connection  with  the  church 
in  Warren,  and  Mr.  Thompson  was  chosen  his  suc- 
cessor. For  three  years  he  acted  as  chaplain  in  the 
American  army  during  the  war  of  the  Revolution. 
As  will  be  seen  in  the  historical  sketch  of  the  AVar- 
ren  church,  his  home  and  the  niceting-house  of  the 
church  were  burned  by  the  British  and  Hessian 
troops.     At  the  time  he  was  there  with  his  family. 


He  was  made  a  prisoner  of  war,  and  taken  to  New- 
port, where  he  was  placed  in  confinement  on  board 
a  guard-ship,  where  he  remained  a  month,  and  was 
then  released.  He  subsequently  became  the  pastor 
of  the  church  in  Swanzej',  where  he  had  a  success- 
ful ministry  of  twentj'-three  years.  From  Swanzey 
he  was  called  to  the  Baptist  church  in  Charlton. 
Mass.  Although  he  accepted  the  call,  he  never 
entered  upon  the  performance  of  his  duties  there. 
He  fell  a  victim  to  the  dreaded  disease  which  car- 
ries off  so  many  in  New  England, — consumption, — 
and  died  the  4th  of  May.  1803. 

Mr.  Thompson  was  an  honor  to  his  profession, 
courteous  and  dignified  in  his  manner,  a  true 
Christian  gentleman,  a  ripe  schol.ar.  and  a  most 
diligent  woi'ker  as  a  preacher  of  the  gospel  and  a 
teacher  of  young  men  who  were  placed  under  his 
tuition.  His  memory  is  still  revered  in  the  section 
where  he  passed  so  many  years  of  a  useful  life. 

Thompson,  Rev.  Ivy  F.,  an  earnest,  eloquent, 
and  effectual  preacher  in  Eastern  Louisiana,  was 
born  in  Mississippi  in  1820;  distfnguished  himself 
as  a  lawyer;  labored  ten  years  in  the  ministry  at 
GTreensburg,  La. ;  four  years  moderator  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi River  Association.     He  died  in  1860. 

Thompson,  William,  LL.D.,  was  bom  in  Edin- 
burgh, Scotland,  Sept.  10,  1821.  Came  to  America 
with  his  parents  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  and  settled 
near  Washington,  D.  C.  lie  attended  school  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  Caprtol  for  several  years,  and  at 
twenty-one  returned  to  Scotland  and  entered  the 
University  of  Edinburgh,  where  he  devoted  him- 
self with  great  energy  to  his  studies,  usually  spend- 
ing half  and  often  the  entire  night  with  his  books. 

He  graduated  with  distinction,  and  returned  to 
America  and  studied  law.  He  removed  to  Illinois 
and  began  a  lucrative  practice,  and  about  this  time 
became  deeply  interested  in  the  subject  of  religion, 
and  was  hopefully  converted  to  God. 

He  felt  it  his  duty  to  preach  the  gospel,  but 
stifled  his  convictions  until  meeting  with  a  very 
dangerous  accident.  Upon  his  recovery  he  deter- 
mined to  enter  the  ministry.  He  preached  for 
some  time  in  Illinois  with  varying  success,  and 
came  to  Missouri  about  the  year  1S55,  and  settled 
in  the  central  part  of  the  State,  where  he  preached 
with  remarkable  power,  and  baptized  hundreds. 

His  matchless  eloquence  and  scholarly  attain- 
ments soon  attracted  the  attention  of  the  denom- 
ination. 

In  1856  he  was  elected  president  of  Blount  Pleas- 
ant College  at  Huntsville,  Mo.,  his  name  and  rep- 
utation attracting  a  large  number  of  students.  In 
1S57  the  trustees  of  William  Jewell  College  called 
him  to  its  presidency.  The  institution  immediately 
took  on  a  new  life,  and  m.ade  rapid  advancement  in 
all  the  elements  of  success  until  the  breaking  out 
of  the  civil  war,  \vhich  caused  the  closing  of  the 


THORP 


1151 


THRESHER 


college.  lie  went  to  Sidney,  Iowa,  where  he  had 
just  opened  a  school  with  flattering  prospects  when 
through  disease,  aggravated  by  ills  which  his  sen- 
sitive nature  could  not  bear,  he  sank  to  rest  April 
12,  1865,  to  rise  in  that  coming  day  with  a  glory 
all  the  more  resplendent  for  the  trials  and  sufferings 
endured  here. 

He  was  eminently  successful  as  an  educator. 
Ilis  learning,  geniality,  and  kindness  gave  him 
great  influence  with  the  students. 

The  rich,  mellow  tones  of  his  voice,  his  masterly 
command  of  language,  his  perfect  elocution,  his 
gracefulness  of  manner,  the  imagery  with  which 
his  imagination  clothed  every  thought,  his  impas- 
sioned earnestness,  and  deep  spirituality  made  him 
the  most  attractive  and  popular  preacher  in  the 
Southwest.  lie  died  "  honored  for  his  greatness 
and  loved  for  his  goodness." 

Thorp,  Elder  William,  was  born  in  Virginia  in 
1772.  He  removed  to  Kentucky  in  early  manhood 
with  an  uncle,  Thos.  Thorp.  He  was  converted 
when  twenty  years  of  age.  He  removed  to  Missouri 
in  1809,  and  settled  in  Boons  Lick  country.  He 
organized  the  first  Baptist  church  in  Central  Mis- 
souri, Mount  Pleasant,  and  traveled  over  much  of 
the  State.  He  was  a  man  of  good  talents.  He 
aided  in  organizing  the  Mount  Pleasant  Associa- 
tion, the  first  in  Upper  Missouri.  He  died  in  1853, 
eighty-one  years  of  age. 

Thresher,  Ebenezer,  LL.D.,  was  born  in  Staf- 
ford, Conn.,  Aug.  Ml,  1798.  When  eighteen  years 
old  he  began  to  seek  an  education.  At  this  time 
also,  through  the  prayers  of  his  mother  and  others, 
he  was  led  to  Christ.  In  the  spring  of  1818  he  went 
to  New  Haven,  where,  while  employed  in  a  store,  he 
was  afforded  more  time  for  the  improvenient  of  his 
mind.  Finding  a  small  Baptist  church  at  New 
Haven,  he  cast  in  his  lot  with  it,  and  labored 
earnestly  and  successfully  to  secure  its  growth. 

In  1820,  having  accumulated  a  few  hundred  dol- 
lars, he  gave  up  business  and  entered  upon  a  course 
of  study.  Going  on  foot  from  New  Haven  to  Worces- 
ter, Mass.,  he  entered  the  family  of  Dr.  Jonathan 
(joing,  and  under  the  instruction  of  that  noble  man 
began  his  life-work.  From  Dr.  Going's  he  wont  to 
the  school  of  Rev.  Abiel  Fisher,  at  Bellingham, 
Mass.,  and  subsequently  to  Amherst  Academy, 
where  he  prepared  for  college.  The  first  three 
years  of  college-life  were  spent  in  Columbian  Col- 
lege, Washington,  D.  C,  and  the  last  in  Brown 
University,  where  he  graduated  in  1827,  a  member 
of  the  first  class  under  Dr.  Wayland. 

During  his  college  course  Dr.  Thresher  was 
unceasingly  active  in  Christian  work.  One  vaca- 
tion was  spent  with  Baron  Stow  traveling  on 
horseback  among  the  churches  of  Northern  Vir- 
ginia. In  Providence  he  was  superintendent  of 
the  first  Baptist  Sunday-school,  and  during  a  year 


of  post-graduate  study  taught  a  Bible  class  of  mar- 
ried women.  In  1828  he  accepted  a  call  to  become 
the  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Portland,  Me., 
where,  on  December  8  of  the  same  year,  he  was  or- 


EBENEZER    THRESHER,   LL.D. 

dained.  This  charge  he  resigned  in  1830  on  ac- 
count of  sickness  in  his  family  and  failure  of  voice. 
Fearing  again  to  take  a  pastorate,  he  accepted  the 
secretaryship  of  the  Northern  Baptist  Education 
Society,  which  position  he  retained  until  1845  with 
much  ability  and  success.  While  engaged  in  this 
work  he  associated  with  it  other  means  of  useful- 
ness. He  raised  §20,000  for  founding  two  tem- 
porary professorships  for  Newton  Theological 
Seminary,  and  subsequently,  in  1843,  becnme  the 
treasurer  of  that  institution.  In  1834  he  became 
editor  of  The  Watchmnn,  though  his  name  did  not 
appear  in  connection  with  the  paper  until  1836, 
when  he  purchased  the  proprietorsiiip  from  Wil- 
liam Nichols,  and  held  this  three  or  four  years. 

In  1845,  his  health  having  become  seriously  im- 
paired. Dr.  Thresher  removed  to  Dayton,  0.,  where 
he  engaged  in  business.  In  1850,  in  company  with 
E.  E.  Barney,  he  established  the  Dayton  Car-Works, 
now  the  largest  enterprise  of  the  kind  in  the  country. 
In  1858  he  began  the  business  of  manufacturing 
varnish  in  Dayton,  and  this  also  proved  a  great 
success.  In  1873  he  retired  from  business,  and 
since  that  time  has  been  enjoying  the  leisure  to 
which  his  years  entitle  him. 

Dr.  Thresher  has  been  of  great  service  to  the 
Ohio  Baptists.  The  college  at  Granville,  the  State 
Convention,  and  the  Educational  Society  have  all 


THUIiMAN 


1152 


TICHENOR 


shared  in  his  bounty.  He  has  contributed  many 
articles  to  the  denominational  press,  and  is  pro- 
foundly interested  in  and  generous  towards  Baptist 
enterprises  at  home  and  abroad.  He  is  one  of 
the  most  valued  members  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Dayton,  and  his  counsel  is  everywhere 
souglit  throughout  the  State.  The  honorary  de- 
gree of  LL.D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Denison 
University. 

Thurman,  Rev.  David,  a  distinguished  min- 
ister and  an  able  theologian,  was  born  of  Baptist 
parents,  in  Woodford  Co.,  Ky.,  Aug.  12,  1792.  In 
his  nineteenth  year  lie  united  with  Good  Hope 
Baptist  church,  in  Green  County,  and  was  ordained 
to  the  ministry  in  1814.  He  spent  some  time 
in  the  study  of  theology  under  Rev.  Nathan  Hall. 
In  1818  he  settled  in  La  Hue  Co.,  Ky.,  and  joined 
Nolin  church.  He  became  pastor  of  this  and  several 
other  churches  in  Salem  Association.  In  this  field 
he  labored  sixteen  years  with  unflagging  zeal  and 
energy,  and  eminent  moral  and  intellectual  power. 
Besides  his  almost  irresistible  appeals  to  the  un- 
converted, lie  earnestly  urged' ou  the  churches  the 
claims  of  higlier  education,  and  home  and  foreign 
missions.  The  whole  .Association  was  greatly 
enlarged  by  his  too  brief  ministry.  He  died  of 
typhoid  fever,  Aug.  25,  1834. 

Thurman,  Rev.  Robert  Livingston,  son  of 

Rev.  David  Thurman,  was  born  in  Washington 
Co.,  Ky.,  Nov.  19,  1815.  He  united  witii  Nolin 
church,  being  baptized  by  his  father  in  1828.  He 
entered  Georgetown  College  in  1839,  and  graduated 
in  1842.  In  1843  he  was  ordained  pastor  of 
Severn's  Valley  Baptist  church  in  Elizabethtown, 
Ky.,  where  he  preached  seven  years,  and  about 
half  of  that  period  conducted  the  Elizabethtown 
Female  Seminary.  In  1850  he  was  appointed  col- 
lecting agent  for  Indian  missions,  and  the  same 
year  became  co-editor  of  The  Baptist  Banner.  In 
1851  he  was  appointed  financial  agent  for  George- 
town College,  and  in  1853  was  called  to  the  pas- 
torate of  the  Baptist  church  in  Austin,  Texas.  He 
succeeded  in  collecting  money ,\  with  which  a  good 
house  of  worship  was  built  for  this  church.  In 
1855  he  accepted  an  agency  for  the  Board  of  For- 
eign Missions  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention, 
in  Kentucky,  and  has  continued  in  this  work  to  the 
present  time,  except  during  the  late  civil  war,  when 
he  was  agent  for  the  General  Association  of  Bap- 
tists in  Kentucky.  He  has  proved  himself  a  supe- 
rior agent,  and  has  been  of  immense  service  to  the 
cause  of  missions.    His  home  is  at  Bardstown,  Ky. 

Thurston,  Rev.  Gardiner,  was  born  in  New- 
port, R.  I.,  Nov.  14,  1721.  He  made  a  profession 
of  faith  in  Christ  when  he  was  not  quite  twenty 
years  of  age,  and  soon  exhibited  such  gifts  as  a 
speaker  that,  in  due  time,  he  was  licensed  to  pi-each 
by  the  church,  and  acted  as  assistant  to  his  pastor, 


Rev.  Nicholas  Eyres.  The  death  of  Mr.  Eyres  in 
1759  led  to  h'is  being  invited  to  become  his  suc- 
cessor in  the  pastoral  office.  This  position  he  held, 
to  the  great  acceptance  of  his  church,  until  about 
three  years  before  his  death,  which  occurred  May 
23,  1802. 

Mr.  Thurston  was  regarded  as  among  the  ablest 
ministers  of  his  denomination  in  the  times  in  which 
he  lived.  His  colleague,  Rev.  -Joshua  Bradley,  says 
of  him  that  "he  enjoyed  a  much  more  than  com- 
mon degree  of  popularity  as  a  preacher ;  he  had  a 
great  thirst  for  knowledge,  and  never  lost  any  op- 
portunity for  acquiring  it ;  every  one  regarded  him 
as  a  fine  example  of  a  tried  Christian  character." 
To  the  testimony  of  Mr.  Bradley  may  be  added 
that  of  Rev.  Benjamin  Pitman,  who  says  that  the 
manners  of  Mr.  Thurston  "were  in  a  very  higii 
degree  amiable  and  winning.  He  mingled  with 
great  ease  and  familiarity  in  the  social  circle,  and 
had  the  faculty  of  making  all  around  him  feel  per- 
fectl}'  at  home.  He  was  undoubtedly  a  man  of 
much  more  than  ordinary  powers  of  mind.  I  think 
few  men  were  his  superiors  in  what  is  usually  called 
common  sense.  There  was  no  tendency  in  his  mind 
to  extremes,  nothing  of  what  at  this  day  is  called 
ultraisvi.  Hence  he  had  the  respect  and  confidence 
of  the  whole  community."' 

Tichenor,  Isaac  Taylor,  D.D.,  was  born  in 

Spencer  Co.,  Ky.,  Nov.  11,  1825.  Feeble  health 
while  growing  up  interfered  to  some  extent  with 
his  education.  He  was  baptized  in  1838  by  Rev. 
Will.  Vaughan,  of  Bloomfield.  Entered  the  min- 
istry at  Taylorsville  in  1846.  Shortly  after  that 
he  became  pastor  at  Columbus,  Miss.,  in  Januarj-, 
1849.  Returning  to  Kentucky  in  18.50.  in  1851 
he  was  pastor  at  Henderson  in  that  State.  He 
accepted  the  call  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Montgomery,  Ala.,  in  1852,  where  he  labored  until 
October,  1860,  when  failing  health  caused  his  resig- 
nation. He  entered  the  Confederate  army  as 
chaplain  at  the  beginning  of  the  war  between  the 
States,  in  which  service  he  continued  until  called 
back  to  his  old  Montgomery  charge,  in  Januarj', 
1863.  .Became  pastor  of  the  First  church  in  Mem- 
phis, Tenn.,  in  1871.  Accepted  the  presidency  of 
the  Agricultural  and  ^Mechanical  College  of  Ala- 
bama at  Auburn  in  1S72,  a  position  which  lie  still 
holds. 

D5.  Tichenor  possesses  a  striking  combination 
of  the  higher  traits  of  intellectual  power.  Gov. 
Watts,  his  intimate  friend,  once  expressed  the  opin- 
ion that  he  was  endowed  with  the  best  intellect 
with  which  he  ever  came  in  contact.  He  is  thor- 
oughly acquainted  with  theology,  history,  and 
science,  and  is  a  clear  and  independent  thinker,  a 
gifted  writer,  a  most  eloquent  and  powerful 
preacher,  and  as  nearly  the  perfection  of  a  plat- 
form  speaker  as  one  will   meet  in   this  countrv. 


TICKNOR 


1153 


TIMMONS 


Tliesc  qualities  iiave  given  him  a  national  reputa- 
tion, lie  is  a  fascinating  companion,  having  in 
social  life  the  pleasant  quality  of  Christian  sim- 
plicity. 

Ticknor,  William  D.,  founder  of  the  well- 
known  Boston  pui)lishing  house  of  Ticknor  & 
Fields,  was  born  in  Lelianon.  N.  II.,  in  the  year 
1810.     When   l)ut  a  hul   he  came   to  Boston  and 


M'lI.I.IAM    I).  TICKNOR. 

began  business  life  in  his  uncle's  brokerage  office, 
beingsubsequently  engaged  in  the  Columbian  Bank. 
But  his  predisposition  was  for  occupation  of  a  higher 
caste,  and  he  soon  entered  upon  the  business  which 
he  so  greatly  developed,  and  which  he  followed  as 
long  as  he  lived.  His  love  of  books,  his  genial 
manners,  his  excellent  judgment,  and  his  perfect 
integrity  brought  him  into  nearer  than  merely  mer- 
cantile relations  with  many  of  the  great  American 
and  English  authors  whose  works  were  published 
by  his  house,  and  his  connection  with  Nathaniel 
Hawthorne  was  especially  intimate  and  tender. 
From  his  youth  he  was  a  member  of  the  Federal 
Street  (now  Clarendon  Street)  Baptist  church.  He 
was  superintendent  of  its  Sunday-school  for  nine- 
teen years,  and  he  rendered  the  society  such  emi- 
nent services  as  treasurer  during  a  long  and  crit- 
ical period,  that  in  1854  a  service  of  silver  plate 
was  presented  to  him  in  recognition.  His  official 
position  and  his  personal  character  bound  him  in 
close  association  with  tiie  various  pastors  of  the 
church  during  his  time,  and  he  was  a  particular 
personal  friend  of  Howard  Malcom,  William 
Hague,  and  Baron  Stow.     He  was  also  for  many 


years  treasurer  of  the  Massachu.setts  Baptist  Con- 
vention, holding  that  office  at  the  time  of  his  sudden 
death,  which  took  place  at  the  Continental  Hotel, 
in  Pliiladelphia,  April  10,  1864. 

Tillinghast,  Rev.  John,  son  of  Deacon  Pardon 
and  Alary  (Sweet)  Tillinghast,  was  born  in  West 
Greenwicii,  It.  I.,  Oct.  3,  1812;  a  descendant  of 
Rev.  Pardon  Tillinghast,  an  early  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Providence;  was  converted  at 
the  age  of  fourteen  ;  was  studious  and  industrious ; 
began  preaching  soon  after  he  was  twenty-one; 
was  ordained  pastor  of  the  WcstGre(Miwich  Baptist 
church  Oct.  8,  1840,  and  remained  such  till  his 
death  ;  an  energetic,  practical,  powerful  preacher 
in  Western  Rhode  Island  ;  honored  by  Dr.  Wayland 
and  all  ministers  ;  represented  his  town  in  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  in  1854  and  1855;  after  preaching 
to  his  church  more  than  forty  years  he  died  in  the 
ministry,  March  2S,  IS78,  aged  si.xty-six  ;  one  of 
the  best  of  men.  His  son,  Hon.  Pardon  E.  Til- 
linghast, resides  at  Pawtucket,  R.  I. 

Tilly,  Rev.  James,  was  a  native  of  Salisbury, 
in  England,  but  was  called  and  ordained  by  the 
church  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  We  next  find  him 
laboring  acceptably  and  successfully  in  the  vicinity 
where  Euham  church  was  afterwards  organized,  in 
Beaufort  District.  He  afterwards  settled  on  "Ed- 
isto  Island,  where  he  resided  until  the  time  of  his 
death,  which  happened  April  14, 1744,  in  the  forty- 
sixth  year  of  liis  age."  Rev.  Isaac  Chanler  said 
of  him  in  his  funeral  sermon,  "  As  a  minister,  he 
was  alile  and  faithful  to  deliver  unto  you  the  whole 
counsel  of  God."'  Many  whose  names  have  partly 
or  wholly  perished  from  the  earth  liave  a  glorious 
and  eternal  "  record  on  high." 

Timmons,  Rev.  E.  B. — Florida  has  drawn  more 
largely  upon  South  Carolina  than  any  State  for  her 
population  and  ministry  in  past  years,  and  one  of 
the  working  and  useful  ministers  furnished  the 
Baptists  of  Florida  by  that  State  is  Elijah  Benton 
Timmons,  son  of  Rev.  Samuel  Timmons,  a  worthy 
minister  of  South  Carolina.  The  subject  of  this 
notice  was  born  in  Marion  District,  May  21,  1813. 
From  early  childhood  he  was  the  subject  of  reli- 
gious impressions,  but  was  not  baptized  until  1832. 
Elder  J.  M.  Timmons,  a  cousin,  immersed  him  at 
Elim  church,  in  Darlington  District. 

Removing  to  Florida,  he  arrived  at  or  near  his 
present  location  Dec.  26,  1856,  since  which  time  he 
has  labored  almost  without  cessation  as  a  minister, 
his  work  being  mostly  in  Putnam  and  Clay  Coun- 
ties, and  mainly  by  his  eflforts  have  the  churches  in 
that  section  been  raised  up.  Blessed  with  a  com- 
petency, he  was  able  to  labor  without  compensation. 
He  has  baptized  some  1400  persons,  and  thinks  at 
least  1000  of  them  have  been  in  Florida. 

He  is  a  decided  Baptist,  a  man  of  catholic  spirit, 
sound   in   doctrine,   but  of  a  conservative  mind. 


TIPTON 


1154 


TOLERATION 


He  preaches  with  a  pathos  that  gives  a  minister 
influence  with  Southern  people,  whose  feelings  are 
ardent.  Elder  Timmons  is  at  this  time  the  mod- 
erator of  the  North  St.  John's  River  Association, 
and  has  been  elected  moderator  several  times  of 
the  Santa  Fe  River  Association,'  and  was  during 
one  or  two  sessions  president  of  the  State  Conven- 
tion. He  is  a  thorough  missionary,  a  devoted 
friend  of  Sunday-schools,  and  a  warm  advocate  of 
temperance. 

Advanced  in  years  now,  and  at  times  infirm,  yet 
he  attends  the  Union  and  Associational  meetings, 
preaches  to  one  church  as  pastor,  and  makes  mis- 
sionary tours  in  his  Association.  During  the  year 
1879  he  traveled  almost  constantly  as  a  missionary 
in  the  North  St.  John's  Association,  and  labored  in 
the  most  destitute  sections,  and  nurtured  declining 
and  new  churches. 

Tipton,  Hon.  John,  was  born  in  Tennessee  in 
1785.  He  came  to  Indiana  in  1806.  He  was  from 
the  first  an  active,  large-minded  citizQo.  He  was 
often  engaged  in  repelling  the  encroachments  of 
hostile  Indians.  He  was  a  soldier  of  decided  cour- 
age. He  was  elected  to  Congress  in  1833,  and  re- 
mained in  it  until  his  death,  in  1839. 

He  was  made  chairman  of  the  Committee  of  In- 
dian Affairs.  He  was  one  of  the  projectors  of  the 
Wabash  and  Erie  Canal..  Hon.  C.  Smith  speaks  of 
him  as  a  most  faithful  Senator, — evading  no  issue 
and  always  in  his  seat' ready  for  the  business  of 
the  hour.  He  died  of  apoplexy,  and  was  buried  in 
Logansport,  Ind.  TiptOn  County,  and  the  town  of 
Tipton,  in  Indiana,  were  named  in  honor  of  him. 
Mr.  Tipton  was  a  Baptist. 

Titcomb,  Rev.  Senjamin,  the  founder  and  first 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Portland,  IMe., 
was  born  in  Falmouth,  near  Portland,  Me.,  in  July, 
1761.  For  some  time  he  and  his  wife  were  mem- 
bers of  the  Congregational  Church,  but  a  change  in 
their  sentiments  led  to  their  joining  the  Baptists. 
He  was  ordained  to  the  work  of  the  Christian 
ministry  in  1801.  The  few  brethren  and  sisters 
in  Portland  now  felt  strong  enough  to  band  to- 
gether and  form  a  church.  Mr.  Titcomb  was  in- 
vited to  become  their  pastor.  He  accepted  their 
call,  and  for  three  years  ministered  to  them.  He 
then  removed  to  Brunswick,  Me.,  the  seat  of  Bow- 
doin  College,  and  was  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  that  pleasant  village  from  1804  to  1827. 
A  remarkable  revival,  which  dated  its  origin  from 
a  sermon  preached  by  Dr.  Baldwin,  of  Boston,  July 
22,  1816,  resulted  in  adding  to  Mr.  Titcomb's 
church  152  persons.  A  new  church  having  been 
formed  in  the  village,  Mr.  Titcomb  became  its  pas- 
tor, and  continued  such  for  seven  years.  He  died, 
full  of  years  and  ripe  for  heaven,  Sept.  30,  1848, 
at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-seven. 

Tobey,  Rev.  Zalmon,  was  born  in  1792;  grad- 


uated at  Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1817; 
was  ordained 'as  a  Baptist  minister,  and  settled  first 
in  Bristol,  R.  I.,  and  subsequently  in  Providence 
and  Pawtuxet.  The  latter  part  of  his  life  was 
spent  in  Warren.  He  died  Sept.  17,  1858.  "  He 
was  a  good  scholar  and  a  useful  and  estimable 
man.'" 

Toby,  Thomas  W.,  D.D.,  was  for  several  years 
a  missionary  to  China;  aftej-wards  pastor  in  North 
Carolina;  Professor  of  Theology  in  Howard  Col- 
lege, and  professor  in  Judson  Female  Institute; 
professor  in  Bethel  College,  Russellville,  Ky. ; 
pastor  at  Union  Springs,  and  then  at  Camden,  Ala". ; 
and  now  principal  of  the  Collegiate  Institute  in 
Eufaula.  Dr.  Toby  is  one  of  the  ripest  scholars  in 
the  South,  a  graceful  writer,  a  devout  Christian,  an 
earnest  minister,  and  an  accomplished  gentleman. 

Todd,  Rev.  Simpson,  was  born  in  Lancashire, 
England,  Aug.  15,  1812;  died  Dec.  31,  1878,  at 
Brant,  Wis.  He  was  ordained  to  the  work  of  the 
Christian  ministry  in  1842;  supplied  churches  in 
Bacup  and  Rochdale,  in  Lancashire,  England,  with 
much  success.  He  was  pastor  of  the  churches  in 
Sbeboygan  Falls,  Sheboygan  City,  and  Brant,  Wis. 
He  was  a  sound  gospel  preacher,  and  entirely  con- 
secrated to  the  work  of  the  ministry. 

Todd,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  born  in  Ireland.  He 
was  converted  and  baptized  in  St.  John,  New 
Brunswick,  and  joined  Germain  Street  Baptist 
church.  He  was  successively  pastor  of  the  follow- 
ing Baptist  churches  in  New  Brunswick:  Wood- 
stock, Sackville,  Moncton,  and  the  church  at  St. 
Stephen,  where  he  still  preaches.  Mr.  Todd  has 
also  rendered  valuable  service  as  a  missionary  and 
agent  for  missions  in  New  Brunswick. 

Toleration  Act,  The.  —  When  AVilliam  and 
Mary  ascended  the  throne  of  England,  made  vacant 
by  the  flight  of  James  II.,  tlieir  warmest  friends 
were  the  Protestant  Dissenters  of  Great  Britain 
and  Ireland.  Episcopalians  of  the  thorough  loy- 
alty of  Bishop  Burnet  were  not  numerous,  though 
many  of  that  community  rendered  a  measure  of 
allegiance  to  William  III. 

On  March  16,  1669,  the  king,  in  his  speech  to 
the  House  of  Commons,  made  an  appeal  to  that 
body  for  a  modification  of  the  oaths  taken  by  men 
in  the  service  of  the  government,  so  that  there 
would  be  "room  for  all  Protestants  willing  and 
able  to  serve''  (their  sovereigns).  To  carry  out 
the  royal  request  a  bill  was  introduced  into  the 
House  of  Lords  to  change  the  obnoxious  oaths. 
One  clause  of  this  bill  "  took  away  the  necessity 
of  receiving  the  sacrament  (in  the  Episcopal 
Church)  in  order  to  make  a  man  capable  of  enjoy- 
ing any  office,  employment,  or  place  of  trust."' 
This  clause  was  rejected.  After  this  another  clause 
met  with  the  same  fate,  by  which  it  was  provided 
that  all  persons  should  be  sufficiently  qualified  for 


TOLERATION- 


1155 


TOLERA  TION 


any  office  "  who  within  a  year  before  or  after  their 
admission  did  receive  the  sacrament,  either  accord- 
ing to  the  usage  of  the  Church  of  England,  or  in 
any  Protestant  congregation,  and  could  produce 
a  certificate  under  the  hands  of  the  minister,  and 
two  other  credible  persons,  members  of  such  a  con- 
gregation." The  proposition  in  the  same  House 
to  remove  the  necessity  "  of  kneeling  at  the  sacra- 
ment," and  using  the  sign  of  "  the  cross  in  bap- 
tism," was  rejected.  The  liberality  of  King  Wil- 
liam was  far  in  advance  of  the  tyrannical  Episcopal 
Church  and  Legislature  of  England.  Soon  after  a 
bill  for  the  "Toleration  of  Protestant  Dissenters" 
was  passed,  and  became  the  law  of  AVilliam's  em- 
pire. When  this  act  was  under  discussion  it  was 
proposed  to  limit  its  duration  to  a  brief  period,  that 
"  the  Dissenters  might  demean  themselves  so  as  to 
merit  the  continuance  of  it  when  the  term  of  years 
should  end;"  but  it  was  passed  without  this  inso- 
lent restriction.  The  full  title  of  this  celebrated 
act  is,  "  An  Act  for  Exempting  their  Majesties' 
Protestant  Subjects,  Dissenting  from  the  Church 
of  England,  from  the  Penalties  of  Certain  Laws." 
It  has  eighteen  clauses. 

By  this  law,  when  certain  conditions  were  com- 
plied with.  Dissenters  were  freed  from  the  more 
outrageous  persecuting  enactments  of  Queen  Eliza- 
beth, James  I.,  and  Charles  II. 

Clause  VII.  says,  "  No  person  dissenting  from 
the  Church  of  England  in  holy  orders,  or  pretended 
holy  orders,  or  pretending  to  holy  orders,  nor  any 
preacher  or  teacher  of  any  congregation  of  dissent- 
ing Protestants,  that  shall  make  and  subscribe  the 
declaration  aforesaid,  and  take  the  said  oaths,  at 
the  general  or  quarter  sessions  of  the  peace  to  be 
held  for  the  county,  town,  parts,  or  division  where 
such  person  lives,  which  court  is  hereby  empow- 
ered to  administer  the  same  ;  and  shall  also  declare 
his  approbation  of,  and  subscribe  the  articles  of  re- 
ligion mentioned  in  the  statute  made  in  the  thir- 
teenth year  of  the  reign  of  the  late  Queen  Elizabeth, 
except  the  34th,  35th,  and  3Gth,  and  these  words  of 
the  20th  article  ("The  Church  hath  power  to  de- 
cree rites  or  ceremonies,  and  authority  in  contro- 
versies of  faith,  and  yet"),  shall  be  liable  to  any  of 
the  pains  or  penalties  mentioned  in  an  act  made 
in  the  seventeenth  year  of  the  reign  of  King 
Charles  II.."  etc. 

Clause  IX.  says,  "  Whereas  some  dissenting 
Protestants  scruple  the  baptizing  of  infants,  be  it 
enacted  by  the  authority  aforesaid,  that  every  per- 
son in  pretended  holy  orders,  or  'pretending  to 
holy  orders,  or  preacher  or  teacher,  that  shall  sub- 
scribe the  aforesaid  articles,  except  before  ex- 
cepted ;  and  also  except  part  of  the  27th  article, 
teaching  infant  baptism  ;  and  shall  take  the  oaths, 
and  make  and  subscribe  the  declaration  aforesaid, 
in  manner  aforesaid,  every  such  person  shall  enjoy 


all  the  privileges,  Ijenefits,  and  advantages  which 
any  other  dissenting  minister,  as  aforesaid,  might 
have  or  enjoy  by  virtue  of  this  act." 

Clause  XII.  exempts  Quakers  from  the  penal- 
ties of  the  same  persecuting  laws,  on  special  con- 
ditions. 

Clause  XVI.  declares  "  that  neither  this  act,  nor 
any  clause,  article,  or  thing  herein  contained,  shall 
extend,  or  be  construed  to  extend,  to  give  any  ease, 
benefit,  or  advantage  to  any  Papist  or  Popish  re- 
cusant whatever,  or  any  person  that  shall  deny,  in 
his  preaching  or  writing,  the  doctrine  of  the  blessed 
Trinity,  as  it  is  declared  in  the  aforesaid  articles  of 
religion." 

Clause  XVIII.  asserts,  "  that  no  congregation,  or 
assembly  for  religious  worship,  shall  be  permitted 
or  allowed  by  this  act,  until  the  place  of  such 
meeting  shall  ))e  certified  to  the  bishop  of  the  dio- 
cese, or  to  the  archdeacon  of  that  archdeaconry,  or 
to  the  justices  of  the  peace  at  the  general  or  quar- 
ter sessions  of  the  peace  for  the  county,  city,  or 
place  in  which  such  meeting  shall  be  held,  and 
registered  in  the  said  bishop's  or  archdeacon's 
court  respectively,  or  recorded  at  the  said  general 
or  quarter  sessions,"  etc. 

Clause  IV.  affirms  that  any  dissenting  assembly, 
held  for  religious  worship,  with  "  the  doors  locked, 
barred,  or  bolted,"  shall  receive  no  benefit  from 
this  law,  "that  every  person  that  shall  come  to, 
and  be  at  such  meeting,  shall  be  liable  to  all  the 
(lains  and  penalties  of  all  the  aforesaid  laws  recited 
in  this  act."* 

Such  are  the  chief  features  of  the  famous  Tol- 
eration Act,  by  which  our  Baptist  fathers  in  Eng- 
land obtained  freedom  to  worship  God,  fettered  by 
some  restraints  and  hardships,  and  by  which  in 
Virginia  our  brethren  were  frequently  shielded 
from  persecution.  The  lion.  John  Blair,  deputy 
governor  of  Virginia,  commenting,  in  a  letter  to 
the  king's  attorney  in  Spottsylvania,  on  the  arrest 
of  John  Waller,  Lewis  Craig,  and  James  Childs  for 
preaching  Christ,  says,  "Tiie  Act  of  Toleration  has 
given  them  a  right  to  apply,  in  a  proper  manner, 
for  licensed  houses,  for  the  worship  of  God  accord- 
ing to  their  consciences. "t  This  letter  was  written 
in  1768.  Dr.  R.  B.  Semple,  who  has  preserved  Mr. 
Blair's  letter,  says,  "Though  the  Toleration  Law 
(Act)  is  not  believed  to  have  been  «/)•(>%  obliga- 
tory in  Virginia,  yet.  as  was  frequently  the  case  at 
that  period,  it  was  acted  under  in  many  instances  ;" 
that  is,  it  gave  protection,  when  its  provisions 
were  complied  with,  from  magisterial  and  other 
persecutions. 

We  abhor  the  insulting  assumption  of  the  word 
toleration.     Nevertheless,  tlie    Toleration  Act  pro- 


*  Nenl'a  History  of  tlio  Puritans,  It.  4%,  508-15.     DtibliD,  1755. 
t  Sample's  History  of  the  Virginia  Baptists,  pp.  16,  32. 


TOLMAN 


1156 


TOMBES 


tects  our  brethren  in  England  now,  as  it  shielded 
our  fathers  in  Virginia  more  than  a  century  ago. 

Tolman,  Rev.  C.  F.,  was  born  at  Meridian, 
N.  Y.,  Oct.  25,  1832.  The  family  having  in  the 
mean  time  removed  to  Illinois,  he  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  Morgan  Edwards  into  the  'Pavilion  Baptist 
church,  in  the  northern  part  of  that  Scate,  in  1844. 
He  was  educated  at  Shurtleif  College  and  Madison 
Urtiversity ;  entering  the  former  as  Freshman,  iu 
1850,  and  graduating  at  the  latter  in  1856,  and' 
from  the  seminary  there  in  1858.  In. November  of 
the  last-named  year,  witii  his  wife,  Mary  R.  Bron- 
son,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  M.  Bronson,  tlie  veteran 
missionary,  he  sailed  for  Assam,  under  appointment 
of  the  Missionary  Union.  In  six  months  after  his 
arrival  at  Nowgong  he  preached  his  first  sermon 
in  Assamese,  having  acquired  the  language  with 
remarkable  rapidity.  In  1859  he  commenced  the 
interesting  mission  among  the  Mekirs,  I'educing  to 
writing  the  language  of  that  tribe,  and  preparing 
in  it  a  catechism  and  vocabulary.  The.fever  of  the 
country,  however,  made  such  ravages  in  his  consti- 
tution that,  under  medical  direction,  he  was  com- 
pelled soon  to  leave  his  work  and  return  to  this 
country,  arriving  in  July,  1861.  The  voyage 
having  in  some  degree  restored  his  health,  he  en- 
tered the  pastorate  at  Lawrence,  Mass.,  where, 
however,  his  health  again  fiiiled  after  two  3'ears  of 
liappy  and  fruitful  service,  in  which  he  baptized 
nearly  every  month  when  able  to  preach.  His  next 
settlement  was  at  Fort  Madison,  Iowa,  in  1864; 
from  which  he  was  called  to  the  service  of  the 
Missionary  Union,  as  assistant  to  Dr.  S.  M.  Osgood, 
the  district  secretary  for  the  AVest.  Entering  this 
work  in  1866,  he  continued  in  association  with  Dr. 
Osgood  until  the  death  of  the  latter,  in  1875,  when 
the  entire  charge  of  the  district  devolved  upon 
himself.  During  six  years  he  has  occupied  this 
laborious  post,  meeting  its  demands  with  the  utmost 
self-devotion,  and  as  a  reward  of  his  well-directed 
service  having  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  the  contri- 
butions from  his  field  every  year  increasing. 

Tolman,  Rev.  Frank  W.,  a  son  of  Hon.  Phi- 
lander Tolman,  of  Harrison,  Me.,  was  born  in 
Worcester,  Mass.,  Aug.  13,  1842.  He  was  a  grad- 
uate of  Colby  University  in  the  class  of  1866.  He 
spent  one  year  at  Newton,  and  two  years  as  a  stu- 
dent in  the  theological  department  of  Sliurtleff  Col- 
lege. His  ordination  took  place  at  Farmington, 
Me.,  May  18,  1870.  For  two  years  and  a  half  he 
was  pastor  and  supply  for  this  church,  and  then 
removed  to  Campton  village,  N.  II.,  where  he  was 
pastor  of  the  church  nearly  three  years.  He  sub- 
sequently had  pastorates  in  Dexter,  ISIe.,  and  South 
Hampton,  N.  II.,  in  which  place  he  died  July  14, 
1877. 

Tolman,  Rev.  Jeremy  F.— During  twenty 
years  of  his  later  life  this  good  minister  of  Jesus 


Christ,  who  died  at  Sandwich,  111.,  in  1872,  was 
made  nearly  helpless  by  paralysis  of  his  lower 
limbs,  so  that  he  was  unable  to  walk,  continuing, 
however,  to  the  last,  useful  in  various  relations  as 
a  writer  and  a  counselor  among  the  churches.  He 
was  born  in  Needham,  Mass..  Dec.  17,  1784.  He 
was  of  Congregationalist  parentage,  but  upon  his 
conversion  became  a  Baptist  through  independent 
and  careful  study  of  the  New  Testament,  lie  was 
licensed  to  preach  in  1814,  at  Dana,  Mass.,  and 
was  ordained  in  1819,  at  Junius,  N.  Y.  He  labored 
chiefly  at  Junius  and  in  Cato,  Cayuga  Co.,  until 
1834,  when  he  removed  to  Illinois,  under  appoint- 
ment of  the  Home  Mission  Societ}'.  At  Long  Grove, 
in  the  northern  part  of  the  State,  at  Upper  Alton,  in 
the  southern,  he  served  as  pastor,  until  the  paralysis 
of  which  we  spoke  above  closed  his  pastoral  con- 
nection with  the  latter  church,  April  27,  1850. 
From  this  time  until  his  death  he  was  mostly  laid 
aside  from  active  labor.  Among  the  contributions 
of  his  pen  during  that  period  may  be  especially 
named  his  "  History  of  the  Fox  Riser  Association," 
published  in  1859.  He  was  to  the  close  of  life  a 
student,  not  only  of  the  Bible  and  theology,  but 
of  science  and  politics.  Though  he  gave  away  all 
his  library  in  his  early  sickness  to  young  ministers, 
he  afterwards  collected  another  of  considerable  size. 
He  is  well  remembered  by  those  who  knew  him  in 
tliese  last  years  of  his  life  for  his  cheerful  spirit, 
and  bright,  vigorous  intellect,  and  his  wide  informa- 
tion, embracing  whatever  related  to  current  ques- 
tions of  every  sort.  Among  the  children  who  sur- 
vive him  are  Rev.  J.  N.  Tolman,  now  of  New 
York,  Rev.  C.  F.  Tolman,  Chicago,  and  Mrs.  N.  M. 
Bacon,  of  Dundee,  111. 

Tombes,  John,  B.D.,  was  born  at  Bewdley, 
Worcestershire,  England,  in  1603.  At  fifteen  years 
of  age  he  entered  Magdalen  Hall,  Oxford.  At  col- 
lege he  made  such  good  use  of  his  opportunities, 
and  acquired  such  a  reputation  for  learning,  that 
upon  the  decease  of  his  tutor  in  1624  he  was  chosen 
to  succeed  him  in  the  catechetical  lecture,  when 
he  was  but  twenty-one  years  of  age.  This  position 
he  held  for  seven  years. 

While  he  was  parish  clergyman  of  Leominster 
he  preached  a  sermon  on  the  reformation  of  the 
church,  which  was  published  subsequently  by  the 
House  of  Commons.  It  was  a  sermon  of  great 
power.  At  the  commencement  of  the  Parliament- 
ary war  in  1641,  he  was  driven  out  of  his  home  by 
the  forces  of  the  king,  and  everything  he  had  was 
carried  away  on  account  of  it. 

Jlr.  Tombes  in  1637  began  to  entertain  doubts 
about  infant  baptism.  AVhile  in  Bristol  he  was 
almost  persuaded  that  the  practice  had  no  Scrip- 
tural authority.  When  he  came  to  London,  in  1643, 
he  determined  to  consult  the  most  learned  Pedo- 
baptists,  that  the  question  might  be  settled  forever 


TOMBES 


1157 


TOMKIES 


in  his  mind.  The  celehrated  Westminster  As- 
sembly of  Divines  beinj;  at  that  time  in  session, 
and  Mr.  Tombes  having  learned  from  one  of  its 
members  that  it  had  a  committee  on  infant  bap- 
tism, drew  up  a  paper  in  Latin,  containing  his 
chief  reasons  for  doubting  the  lawfulness  of  that 
custom,  and  he  sent  it  to  Mr.  Wliitaker,  the  chair-  | 
man  of  the  committee,  that  his  Dbjections  might  be  j 
removed.  But  the  only  notice  the  Assembly  took 
of  his  paper  was  to  try  and  hinder  his  settlement 
in  London.  At  Bewdley,  three  miles  from  Kid- 
derminster, where  Richard  Baxter  preached,  Mr. 
Tombes  became  the  minister  of  the  parish  ;  and 
thinking  it  hopeless  to  reform  the  ciiurch,  he 
formed  a  separate  community  holding  Baptist  sen- 
timents, and  of  this  church  he  was  pastor,  while 
he  still  ''continued  minister  of  the  parish." 

Mr.  Baxter,  the  leading  Presbyterian  minister 
in  England,  felt  dee()ly  moved  by  this  fountain  of 
heresy  almost  at  his  own  door,  and,  like  a  good 
soldier,  he  determined  to  attack  Mr.  Toinl)es.  The 
battle  took  place  on  the  1st  of  January,  1650,  in 
the  church  at  Bewdley ;  it  lasted  seven  or  eight 
hours.  Baxter  showed  a  determination  to  secure 
tiie  victory  oven  at  the  expense  of  some  malice 
and  considerable  indecency.  And  the  good  man 
thought  that  he  had  succeeded,  though  all  unpre- 
judiced persons  were  of  a  different  opinion.  After 
this  controversy  Mr.  Tombes  was  regarded  as  a 
champion  by  the  Baptists  ;  and  he  held  public  dis- 
cussions with  Mr.  Tirer  and  Mr.  Smith  at  Rosse, 
with  Mr.  Cragg  and  Mr.  Vaughn  at  Abergavenny, 
and  with  some  one  else  at  Hereford  ;  and  many 
who  differed  from  his  views  believed  that  "  he  had 
the  advantage  of  his  opponents  in  learning  and 
argument." 

After  the  Restoration,  when  he  was  about  sixty 
years  of  age,  lie  retired  from  tiic  ministry,  the 
duties  of  which  lie  could  only  perform  at  the  risk 
of  his  liberty,  his  property,  and  his  life.  Among 
Ills  friends  were  Lord  Clarendon,  the  lord  chan- 
cellor, and  Bishops  Sanderson,  Barlow,  and  Ward. 
Mr.  Baxter  descril)es  him  as  "  the  chief  of  the  Ana- 
baptists, tiie  greatest  and  most  learned  writer 
against  infant  l)aptism." 

The  narrow-minded  Neal,  author  of  the  "  His- 
tory of  the  Puritans,"'  a  Congregationalist,  says, 
"  Mr.  John  Tombes,  B.D.,  was  educated  in  the 
University  of  Oxford  ;  he  was  a  person  of  incom- 
parable parts,  well  versed  in  the  Greek  and  He- 
brew languages,  and  a  most  excellent  disputant."' 
He  was  made  a  trier  in  165.3,  whose  duty  it  was, 
with  others  of  a  committee,  to  examine  candidates 
for  the- ministry  in  the  national  church,  and  in- 
vestigate the  character  of  "  ignorant  and  scandal- 
ous" incumbents,  with  a  view  to  their  removal. 
After  the  Act  of  Uniformity  expelled  him,  in 
1662,  from   his  parish,  he  was  offered  positions  of 


honor  and  profit  in  the  National  Church,  l)ut  no 
persuasions  could  move  him  to  serve  at  the  altars 
of  the  Anglican  Establishment  as  an  Episcopalian. 

Mr.  Tombes  was  a  man  of  great  learning  in 
every  department  of  literature.  He  had  a  power- 
ful intellect;  he  was  a  ready  speaker  in  piil)lic 
discussions;  he  was  universally  known  by  his 
writings.  He  was  the  author  of  twenty-eight  pub- 
lications, and  in  his  day  he  was  efficient  bc^yond 
most  men  in  securing  the  extension  of  the  Baptist 
denomination.  He  died  at  Salisbury,  May  2'), 
1676. 

Tombes,  J.  B.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Albany,  N.  Y., 
in  liS21  ;  (:onverte<l  and  baptized  at  the  age  of  six- 
teen ;  studied  for  the  ministry,  and  graduated  at 
Madison  University  in  1847;  became  pastor  of  the 
Fourth  church  in  Richmond,  Va.,  where  ho  was 
ordained  in  1848;  was  principal  of  Meadsville 
Academy,  Va.,  from  1854  to  l8.J9,  M-lien  he  took 
charge  of  Liberty  Female  College,  Mo.,  and  held 
his  position  there  until  1864,  when  he  removed  to 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  ;  was  pastor  of  the  North  Baptist 
church  of  that  city  for  some  time,  then  of  the  Berean 
church  at  Cai'bondale,  Pa.,  when  he  removed  to 
Ohio;  was  pastor  at  Tiffin,  and  also  at  Delaware, 
and  president,  in  1870,  of  the-  Ohio  Baptist  Minis- 
ters' Conference.  In  1871  he  became  associate 
editor  of  The  Baptist  Record,  published  at  Charles- 
town,  W.Va.,  and  in  1873  became  president  of  Carle- 
ton  College,  Meigs  Co.,  O.,  but  was  compelled  to 
yield  his  position  on  account  of  ill  health.  In 
1869  he  gave  a  series  of  articles  in  the  Journal 
and  Messenger  on  "  The  Writings  and  Teachings 
of  the  Apostolic  and  Christian  Fathers,"  and  in 
1873  held  a  public  discussion  with  the  Central 
Methodist,  Ky.,  on  "The  Mode  of  Christian  Bap- 
tism." He  is  the  author  of  a  very  useful  book 
on  "  The  Christian  Rite  of  the  One  Only  Baptism.'' 
In  the  pastorate  he  has  had  much  success  in  win- 
ning souls  to  Christ.  While  at  Carbondale,  Pa., 
he  baptized  over  100  converts.  In  1875  he  re- 
moved to  Anaheim,  Cal.,  for  his  health.  He  occu- 
pies a  leading  position  in  the  Baptist  ministry  of 
Central  and  Southorii  California. 

Tomkies,  Rev.  J.  H.,  was  born  in  Hanover  Co., 
Va.,  Nov.  18,  18.'i9.  His  fatiier  has  devoted  him- 
self to  teaching,  for  which  he  is  well  qualified,  and 
is  a  faithful  member  of  the  Ashland  Baptist 
church,  Va. 

When  a  boy  he  consecrated  his  life  to  the  Lord, 
and  soon  gave  indications  of  his  future  occupation. 
He  was  impressed  early  in  life  with  an  earnest  de- 
sire to  preach  the  gospel,  and  that  it  was  his  duty  to 
fit  himself  for  the  work  ;  for  this  purpose  he  entered 
Richmond  College  when  about  nineteen,  where  he 
remained  two  sessions,  and  prosecuted  the  study 
of  mathematics,  French,  German,  and  English. 
With  an  intense  desire  to  engage  in  jircaclung,  lie 


TOMKIES 


1158 


TOPPING 


left  college,  returned  to  Ashland,  and  was  there 
ordained.  Just  before  the  late  war  he  removed  to 
Florida,  and  first  located  at  Madison,  where  he 
taught  school  and  preached.  Remaining  there  a 
year,  he  went  to  Gainesville,  and  taught  in  the  East 
Florida  Seminary,  and  preached  to  the  few  Baptists 
there. 

At  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  he  enlisted  as  a 
private  in  the  7th  Florida  Regiment.  His  general 
deportment  was  such  that  in  one  year  he  was 
elected  by  his  comrades  chaplain  of  the  regiment. 
He  served  in  this  capacity  to  the  close  of  the  war, 
and  so  maintained  his  character  for  integrity, 
faithfulness,  and  piety  that  one  of  his  comrades 
says  of  him,  "Let  him  but  speak,  and  all  were 
prepared  to  hear  and  be  influenced  by  his  words." 

Returning  to  his  adopted  State  after  the  war 
closed,  he  settled  in  Gainesville  again,  preaching  in 
the  town,  and  to  Fort  Clark,  Wacahoota,  and  Staf- 
ford's Pond  churches  for  two  years,  From  1868  to 
1870  he  preached  at  Fernandina.  From  1870  to 
1875  he  served  Elim,  Eliam,  Providence,  and 
Pleasant  Grove  churches.  While  preaching  to  the 
First  church,  Gainesville,  in  1875,  and  others 
around,  his  health  failed,  and  his  decline  was 
rapid,  and  Aug.  15,  1878,  he  died  at  his  house  in 
Gainesville,  to  which  place  he  had  returned. 

He  was  open  and  generous.  He  was  excessively 
modest  and  retiring,  except  with  his  intimate 
friends. 

As  a  preacher,  he  was  doctrinal  and  practical. 
The  Saviour,  in  his  office,  work,  and  word  was  his 
theme,  and  him  he  constantly  exalted.  He  was  a 
clear  thinker  and  writer.  He  was  "  learned  in  the 
Scriptures,"  and  confirmsd  the  faith  of  saints,  and 
was  able  to  contend  with  error.  He  met  in  public 
debate  the  champion  of  Campbellism  in  his  sec- 
tion, and  so  completely  overpowered  him  that  he 
left  that  region. 

During  its  existence  he  was  a  warm  supporter  of 
the  Florida  Baptist,  and,  its  corresponding  editor. 
He  was  frequently  moderator  and  clerk  of  the  Santa 
F6  River  Association,  and  he  was  president  and 
secretary  of  the  State  Convention  at  different 
times,  and  at  his  death  was  its  president.  He 
never  sought  civil  office,  and  reluctantly  accepted 
the  office  of  county  treasurer  when  unable  any 
longer  to  preach,  which  position  he  held  at  his 
death. 

Probably  no  man  of  his  age  and  short  residence 
in  the  State  held  a  more  prominent  position  in  the 
denomination.  As  might  be  expected,  his  death 
was  peaceful  and  triumphant.  His  family  and 
some  friends  were  assembled  at  his  house,  and,  as 
they  gathered  about  him,  he  repeated  the  23d 
Psalm  and  the  hymns,  "How  firm  a  foundation,"' 
etc.,  and  "Jesus,  lover  of  my  soul,"  and  then 
asked  that  they  would  all  pray  with  him  that  he 


might  be  fully  resigned.  Repeatedly  he  said,  "I 
shall  soon  be  at  rest." 

Tommie,  Rev.  Joel  C,  a  pioneer  preacher  in 
Bradley  Co.,  Ark.,  was  a  native  of  Georgia,  where 
he  became  a  preacher.  He  settled  on  L'Aigle 
Creek,  in  Bradley  Co.,  Ark.,  in  1850,  and  soon  after 
gathered  the  Bethel  church,  about  four  miles  south 
of  the  present  town  of  Edinburg,  in  Dorsey  Co. 
Mr.  Tommie  was  very  faitiiful,  often  walking  five 
or  six  miles  to  preach  after  the  labors  of  tiie  day  on 
his  little  farm.  Wherever  he  could  get  a  few  per- 
sons together  he  always  preached.  It  was  re- 
marked not  long  ago  by  one  who  knew  him  wall, 
"It  seems  to  me  that  when  Brother  Tommie  was 
the  only  preacher  in  the  country  we  had  more 
preaching  than  now  when  we  have  plenty  of 
preachers."  He  laid  the  foundations  of  a  number 
of  churches.     He  died  in  1871. 

Topping,  Charles  Henry,  a  well-known  Baptist 

layman  of  Delavan,  Wis.,  a  native  of  Charleston, 
Montgomery  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  born  May 
22,  1830.  He  is  the  oldest  son  of  the  late  Rev. 
Henry  Topping,  one  of  the  first  pioneer  ministers 
of  Wisconsin.  Charles  H.  spent  his  earlj' youth  in 
Leesville,  Schoharie  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  his  father 
began  his  labors  as  a  Christian  minister.  When 
he  was  nine  years  of  age  his  father  removed  to 
Wisconsin,  reaching  Delavan,  Walworth  Co.,  in  the 
autumn  of  1839.  I\Ir.  Topping  became  the  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  which  had  just  been  organ- 
ized. His  son  selected  the  calling  of  a  merchant  as 
his  vocation,  and  for  several  years  he  was  in  a  store 
perfecting  his  knowledge  of  and  becoming  a  first- 
class  business  man.  In  1851,  Mr.  Topping  began 
business  for  himself  as  a  merchant  in  Delton,  Wis. 
In  1857  he  returned  to  Delavan,  and  engaged  suc- 
cessfully in  mercantile  pursuits  until  1864,  when, 
owing  to  the  total  loss  of  his  health,  he  was  obliged 
to  retire  for  a  time.  From  1864  to  1874  he  resided 
in  Sputhern  Illinois  and  in  Ottawa,  Kansas,  seeking 
by  change  of  clim.ate  and  out-door  exercise  the  res- 
toration of  his  health.  This  being  secured,  he  re- 
turned, in  1874,  to  Delavan,  and  again  commenced 
business.  He  is  now  at  the  head  of  one  of  the 
largest  houses  in  the  county,  and  ranks  among  its 
best  business  men. 

But  it  is  as  a  devoted  Christian  that  Mr.  Topping 
is  best  known.  At  the  age  of  eleven  he  obtained 
a  hope  in  Christ,  and  was  baptized  by  his  father 
into' the  fellowship  of  the  Delavan  Baptist  church. 
For  nearly  forty  years  he  has  been  one  of  its  most 
active  and  useful  members.  While  residing  in  Il- 
linois, Mr.  Topping  was  a  member  of  the  board  of 
the  Illinois  Industrial  Universitj',  and  he  has  sev- 
eral times  been  a  member  of  the  board  of  the  Wis- 
consin Baptist  State  Convention,  and  in  its  earlier 
history  a  member  of  the  board  of  Wayland  Acad- 
emy. 


TOPPING 


1159 


TOY 


Topping,  Rev.  Henry,  was  a  tiativo  of  Charles- 
ton, N.  Y.  lie  was  born  in  1804.  Both  liis  parents 
were  pious,  and  took  great  pains  with  his  early  re- 
ligious education.  Converted  at  nineteen  year.s  of 
age,  he  made  a  profession  of  religion,  and  united 
with  the  Baptist  church  in  his  native  place.  Or- 
dained to  the  work  of  the  ministry  at  the  age  of 
thirty,  he  was  first  settled  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Leesville,  where  he  remained  five  years. 
Extensive  revivals  of  religion  attended  his  minis- 
try, lie  was  eminently  fitted  for  an  evangelist. 
AVhile  })astor  at  Leesville  he  held  special  meetings 
at  Charleston,  Scotville,  and  Argusville,  where  his 
labors  were  blessed  in  turning  many  to  God.  In 
1839  he  removed  to  Delavan,  Wis.,  and  became  the 
first  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church,  which  had  just 
been  organized,  which  grew  rapidly  under  his 
labors.  He  planted  the  gospel  in  all  the  region 
around,  and  was  most  untiring  in  his  missionary 
and  itinerant  labors.  Churches  at  Walworth,  Sugar 
Creek,  East  Troy,  and  Turtleville  (now  Clinton) 
were  founded  as  the  results  of  his  labors.  The 
church  at  Delavan,  organized  forty  years  ago,  and 
of  which  he  was  the  first  {)astor,  is  now  the  largest 
church  in  the  State.  His  two  sons,  Charles  H. 
and  Marshall  Topping,  and  his  daughter,  IMrs. 
Hattie  La  Bar,  are  active  members  of  the  church. 
Owing  to  the  failure  of  his  health  he  was  obliged 
to  retire  from  the  active  work  of  the  ministry  about 
twenty  years  before  his  death,  but  he  preached 
occasionally  until  he  went  to  receive  his  crown. 
He  was  a  man  of  unblemished  character,  of  gentle 
and  retiring  disposition,  and  highly  esteemed  in 
all  the  region  where  ho  labored  for  his  Master. 

Toronto,  The  Jarvis  Street  Church  of,  is  the 

most  intiuential  Baptist  church  in  Canada.  Until 
within  a  few  months,  for  a  number  of  years  it  was 
under  the  pastoral  care  of  the  distinguished  Dr.  J. 
II.  Castle,  beloved  and  honored  in  the  United  States 
as  well  as  in  Canada.  He  built  a  splendid  church 
edifice  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  during  his  pastor- 
ate the  Jarvis  Street  church  was  erected.  It  cost 
§100,000.  It  has  sittings  for  1.300  persons,  and  it 
was  dedicated  Dec.  3,  1875.  It  is  one  of  the  finest 
churches  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic.  (See  cut  on 
the  following  page.) 

Torrance,  Rev.  John,  M.A.,  was  born  of  Pres- 
byterian parents  Deo.  tj,  ISo9,  in  Kilmarnock, 
Ayrshire.  Scotland.  He  came  to  Canada  in  1849. 
Until  thirteen  years  of  age  he  enjoyed  the  best 
school  advantages.  At  seventeen  he  entered  upon 
school-teaching,  and  taught  five  years,  working  his 
way  up  from  the  third  to  the  first  class  in  his  pro- 
fession; About  the  age  of  twenty  he  joined  the 
Baptists,  and  commenced  preaching.  For  four 
years  he  preached  to  the  churches  of  Woodville 
and  West  Line  of  Brock,  Ontario,  and  taught 
school.     During  this  period  he  was  ordained,  but 


at  its  close  he  entered  the  Canadian  Literary  Insti- 
tute as  a  theological  student,  and  remained  two  full 
academical  years.  For  the  three  years  following 
he  was  pastor  of  the  church  in  Mount  Elgin,  On- 
tario. At  the  beginning  of  186G  he  accepted  a  call 
to  the  Cheltenham  and  Edmonton  churches  in  the 
same  province.  During  the  last  four  of  the  six 
years'  continuance  of  this  relation  he  took  the 
Arts  course  in  the  University  of  Toronto,  at  the 
same  time  performing  his  pastoral  duties.  He  gradu- 
ated B.A.  in  1872,  and  took  the  M.A.  degree  in  the 
year  following.  At  his  graduation  lie  was  Silver 
Medalist  in  ]Mctaphysics,  and  jirizeman  in  Oriental 
Languages.  In  the  fall  of  1872  he  settled  over  the 
church  in  Yorkville,  a  suburb  of  Toronto.  At  the 
New  Year  of  1875  he  accepted  the  chair  of  New 
Testament  Exegesis  in  the  theological  department 
of  the  Canadian  Literary  Institute  at  Woodstock. 
In  1878,  on  the  death  of  llev.  Dr.  Fyfe,  he  was 
chosen  principal  of  the  same  department,  and  in 
the  beginning  of  1881  he  became  principal  of  the 
literary  department  also.  As  an  expository  preacher 
and  as  a  scholar  and  educator,  Principal  Torrance 
has  few  equals.  Recently  he  was  appointed  to  a 
professorship  in  the  new  Theological  Seminary  at 
Toronto,  but  before  he  entered  upon  its  duties  he 
fell  asleep  in  Jesus. 

Towle,  Francis  W^  A.M.,  was  born  in  New 
London,  N.  II.,  Nov.  21,  1835;  graduated  from 
Madison  University.  At  present  he  is  the  prin- 
cipal of  Colgate  Academy,  in  which  he  is  per- 
forming a  noble  work  for  those  who  are  enjoying 
the  advantages  of  the  institution. 

Towner,  Rev.  Enoch,  was  born  in  Newbury, 
Conn.,  in  1755;  awakened  under -Idseph  Dimock's 
preaching  in  Lower  Granville,  Nova  Scotia,  in  1790 ; 
converted  subsequently,  and  baptized  by  Rev.  Thos. 
Ilandley  Chipman  ;  ordained,  in  1799,  pastor  of 
Digby  church  ;  was  present  at  the  formation  of  the 
Baptist  Association,  June  23, 1800 ;  evangelized  in 
Argyle  in  1806,  and  baptized  120  converts.  Mr. 
Towner's  labors  were  highly  useful  in  Digby 
County;  died  in  November,  1827,  aged  seventy- 
two  years. 

Toy,  Crawford  H.,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Profes.sor  of 

the  Semitic  Languages  in  Harvard  University, 
and  late  Professor  of  the  Interpretation  of  the  Old 
Testament  in  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological 
Seminary,  was  born  in  Norfolk,  Va.,  JWirch  23. 
183G.  From  1847  to  1852  he  was  at  the  Norfolk 
Academy.  He  entered  the  University  of  Virginia 
in  October,  1852,  and  took  the  degree  of  Master  of 
Arts  in  June,  1856.  From  October,  1856,  to  June, 
18.59,  he  taught  for  Mr.  John  Hart,  in  the  Albe- 
marle Female  Institute,  Charlottesville,  Va.  In 
1859  he  was  apjiointed  a  missionary  to  Jajian  Ijy 
the  Foreign  Mission  Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist 
Convention,  and  studied  in  preparation  for  that 


JAKVIS    STliEET    BAPTIST    (.lURCIl.    TORONTO.    CANADA. 


TOZER 


1161 


TRAIN 


work  at  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary 
in  its  first  session,  in  185'J-OO.  lie  was  baptized 
at  Charlottesville,  Va.,  by  Rev.  John  A.  Broadus, 
in  April,  1854,  and  was  ordained  at  the  same  place 
in  June,  1800.  From  Soptomljor  to  December, 
I8G(),  he  was  engaged  in  a  tour  tiiroiigh  tiie  Ports- 
mouth Association,  which  body  had  agreed  to  siup- 
port  him  in  his  missionary  work  in  Japan.  The 
breaking  out  of  the  war  making  it. impracticable 
to  go  to  Japan,  he  went  to  Richmond  College  in 
January,  18G1,  as  Professor  of  Greek,  and  thence, 
the  May  following,  to  Norfolk,  where  he  supplied 
tiie  pulpit  of  the  Cumberland  Street  Baptist  church. 
In  March,  1801,  he  went  into  the  Army  of  Virginia 
as  a  private,  became  chaplain  in  January,  1863, 
and  was  made  prisoner  at  Gettysburg,  and  was  in 
Fort  Mcllenry  from  July  to  November,  1803.  lie 
was  n[)pointed  Professor  of  Physics  and  Astronomy 
in  the  University  of  Alaliama,  at  Tuscaloosa,  in  Au- 
gust, 1864.  He  returned  to  Virginia,  and  taught 
from  October,  1865,  to  May,  1860.  lie  studied  at 
Berlin,  Prussia,  from  August,  1866,  to  July,  1868, 
returning  to  America  in  September,  1868.  In  Jan- 
uary, 1809,  he  was  appointed  Professor  of  Greek 
in  Fuvman  University,  Greenville,  S.  (L  In  May, 
1809,  he  was  appointed'Professor  of  Old  Testament 
Interpretation  in  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological 
Seminary,  which  position  he  held  until  his  resigna- 
tion in  May,  1879.  His  inaugural  address  deliv- 
ered Sept.  1,  1809,  was  published,  and  is  entitled 
"The  Claims  of  Biblical  Interpretation  upon  Bap- 
tists." He  has  also  contributed  several  articles  to 
the  Baptist  Quarterly. 

In  June,  1880,  he  was  elected  to  the  chair  of 
Semitic  Languages  in  Harvard  University. 

He  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Wake  Forest 
College  in  1870,  and  that  of  LL.D.  at  a  later  pe- 
riod. 

Tozer,  Rev.  Edward,  was  bom  in  the  city  of 
Bristol,  England,  Nov.  7,  1815,  and  died  very  sud- 
denly Jan.  1,  1878,  at  Fort  Ann,  Washington  Co., 
N.  Y.  Converted  at  sixteen,  he  came  to  tiiis  coun- 
try five  years  later,  and  spent  four  years  at  Auburn, 
N.  Y.,  in  preparatory  study  for  the  work  of  the 
ministry.  He  was  ordained,  in  1840,  at  Fayette, 
Seneca  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he  labored  several  years 
as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  ;  also  ministered  at 
Geneva  and  Naples  some  fourteen  years,  and  spent 
four  years  as  collecting  agent  for  the  American 
Bible  Union.  In  the  spring  of  1805  he  settled  with 
the  Fort  Ann  Village  church,  where  he  continued 
tiie  remainder  of  his  life.  During  eight  years  he 
also  supplied  the  church  at  Kingsbury  with  an 
afternoon  service  until  1873.  He  led  this  people 
to  renovate  their  house  of  worship  in  1870,  and  in 
1874  he  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  a  neat  and  sub- 
stantial brick  sanctuary,  costing  $17,000,  dedicated 
to  the  worship  of  God  as  the  fruit  of  the  joint 
74 


labors  and  sacrifices  of  pastor  and  people.  He  was 
a  sound  and  able  preacher  and  a  good  pastor.  He 
died  very  much  lamented  by  the  wliole  coiiiinunity. 
Tracy,  Rev.  Leonard,  was  born  in  Tunbridge, 
Vt.,  ill  1S(J'2.  As  preacher  and  pastor  lie  served  six 
or  si!veii  good  churches  in  three  of  the  New  England 
States,  and  in  the  communities  in  which  he  labored 
he  was  respected  iis  a  man  who  honored  his  pro- 
fession by  great  purity  of  life,  showing  earnestness 
of  purpose  and  conscientious  fidelity  to  every  trust. 
He  died  at  East  Botlu'l,  Vt.,  Nov.  21,  1869. 

Train,  Arthur  Savage,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Fraiiiingham,  Mass.,  Sept.  1,  1812.  He  was  the 
elder  son  of  Rev.  Charles  Train,  who  fitted  him 
for  Brown  University,  where  he  graduated  in  the 
class  of  1833.  He  was  tutor  for  two  years  in  his 
own  college,  pursuing  his  theological  studies  during 
this  time  with  Dr.  AVayland,  receiving  also  such 
aid  in  his  preparatory  work  as  his  father  could 
give  him.  He  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Haverhill,  Mass.,  in  October, 
1836,  and  for  twenty-three  years  was  the  beloved 
minister  of  a  people  for  whom  he  lived  and  labored 
with  a  zeal  and  success  which  are  seldom  equaled, 
certainly  not  surpassed.  Ho  resigned  his  pastorate 
to  accept  an  appointment  in  the  Newton  Theologi- 
cal Institution  as  Professor  of  Sacred  Rhetoric  and 
Pastoral  Duties.  Dr.  Train  brought  to  his  work 
the  results  of  a  long  experience,  and  well-defined 
conceptions  in  his  own  mind  of  what  was  needed 
to  make  an  efficient  and  useful  ministry.  He  re- 
signed his  position  at  Newton  in  1866,  after  having 
held  it  for  seven  years.  The  remainder  of  his  life 
was  passed  in  his  native  town,  officiating  for  the 
church  of  which  his  father  had  for  so  many  years 
been  the  minister.  He  was  a  trustee  of  Brown 
University  from  1845  to  his  death,  which  occurred 
Jan.  2,  1872. 

Train,  Rev.  Charles,  was  born  in  Weston, 
Mass.,  Jan.  7,  1783.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he 
entered  Harvard  University,  where  he  graduated 
in  1805,  delivering  a  llelirew  oration  on  the  occa- 
sion. Having  decided  to  enter  the  ministry,  he 
was  licensed  by  the  church  in  Newton.  In  1807 
he  commenced  his  labors  in  Framinghain,  Mass., 
which  was  destined  to  be  his  home  for  the  re- 
mainder of  his  life.  He  was  not  ordained  as  the 
fiastor  of  the  Baptist  church  until  Jan.  30,  1811. 
For  several  years  he  su|)plicd  two  cliurches, — that 
of  Weston  and  that  of  Framinghain.  For  tliirtenn 
years  he  confined  his  labors  to  the  Framinghain 
church.  He  resigned  his  pastorate  in  1839.  He 
had  seen  the  little  band  of  disciples  grow  into  a 
vigorous,  active  church.  The  Master  had  riciily 
blessed  his  labors.  He  was  honored  as  few  nieji 
are  in  the  community  in  which  he  had  lived  for 
so  many  years,  and  when  he  died,  Sept.  17,  1849, 
he    was    borne   to   the   grave    amidst   the   sincere 


TRASK 


1162 


TBEMONT 


lamentations  of  a  generation  he  had  served  most 
faithfully. 

Mr.  Train  was  for  several  years  a  member  of  the 
Legislature  of  Massachusetts,  both  in  the  lower  and 
in  the  higher  branch.  "  He  had  the  honor  of  being 
the  first  to  move  in  the  plan  of  forming  a  legisla- 
tive library,  as  well  as  in  the  yet  more  important 
matter  of  a  revision  of  the  laws  relating  to  common 
scbools.  He  had  much  to  do  also  in  obtaining  the 
charter  of  Amherst  College."  He  left  several  pub- 
lished writings  in  the  form  of  orations  and  dis- 
courses. 

Trask,  Rev.  Enos,  was  born  in  Jefferson,  Me., 
April  22,  1794.  He  was  converted  at  the  age  of 
sixteen,  but  was  not  baptized  till  March  10,  1823, 
Rev.  William  Burbank  administering  the  ordi- 
nance. For  most  of  the  thirteen  years  between 
his  conversion  and  his  baptism  his  spiritual  life 
was  not  very  encouraging ;  but  at  that  time  a 
variety  of  peculiarly  trying  experiences  added 
weight  and  force  to  a  conviction  he  Jiad  felt  for 
over  five  years,  that  it  was  his  duty  to  enter  the 
gospel  ministry.  At  the  same  time  he  deeply  felt 
his  unworthiness  for  the  sacred  calling.  At  last 
an  affliction,  deep  and  sad,  which  he  recognized  as 
from  God  for  the  purpose  of  impressing  him  for- 
cibly in  reference  to  his  duty,  mastered  his  resist- 
ance. 

He  united  with  the  Third  Jefferson  church,  or- 
ganized in  1824,  and 'was  immediately  chosen 
deacon.  At  this  time  his  brethren,  like  himself, 
felt  impressed  with  the  thought  that  God  was  call- 
ing him  into  the  ministry,  and  in  less  than  a  year 
after  the  organization  of  the  church,  after  being 
closely  questioned  as  to  -his  own  impressions,  he 
was  unanimously  licensed  for  the  work  to  which 
he  had  been  called.  The  First  Baptist  church, 
Whitefield  (now  King's  Mills),  called  a  council  of 
churches,  and  he  was  oi-dained  as  an  evangelist 
May  23,  1827. 

The  First  and  Second  Palermo,  Windsor,  First 
Vassalborough,  China  Village,  South  China,  Bruns- 
wick, Sidney,  Alna,_  Damariscotta,  with  other 
churches,  enjoyed  his  labors  as  an  evangelist  pre- 
vious to  his  call  to  Nobleborough.  He  enjoyed 
revivals,  and  baptized  many  into  all  these  churches, 
and  also  baptized  in  New  Brunswick,  when  there 
as  a  messenger  from  the  Association  to  which  he 
belonged  to  the  Association  there. 

In  1836  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  pastorate  ot  the 
First  Baptist  church,  Nobleborough,  as  successor 
to  Rev.  Pliineas  Pillsbury,  and  for  thirteen  years 
faithfully  and  successfully  labored,  baptizing,  it  is 
said,  more  than  1000  persons  in  this  locality. 
During  his  ministry  here  the  church  at  Damaris- 
cotta Mills  was  formed,  mainly  from  members  of 
the  First  church.  After  he  had  resigned  the  pas- 
torate, brethren,  in  a  section  of  the  church  called 


West  Neck,  invited  him  to  hold  a  series  of  meet- 
ings there,  at. a  time  when  tiie  church  was  pastor- 
less.  He  consented,  and  with  great  power  did  the 
work  go  on  ;  many  were  converted,  and  for  a  short 
time  he  supplied  the  church. 

Many  other  places  after  this  were  blessed  with 
his  labors,  among  them  the  Second  Nol)leborough, 
South  Thomaston,  and  one  or  more  of  the  St. 
George  churches.  His  labors  were  continuous  for 
over  fifty  years,  and  in  that  time  he  had  baptized 
more  than  2200  persons. 

He  was  decided  in  his  convictions.  His  preach- 
ing was  thoroughly  evangelical.  He  was  bold  aild 
fearless,  while  tender  and  loving  in  his  presenta- 
tion of  the  stern  doctrines  of  the  inspired  volume. 
The  terrible  denunciations  against  unrepented  sin. 
which  our  Saviour  so  often  uttered,  he  never  shrank 
from  proclaiming.  To  him  all  truth  in  the  Word 
of  God  was  real.  He  died  full  of  peace,  Dec.  19, 
1880. 

Travis,  Eev.  Alexander,  one   of  the  most 

widely  useful,  and  one  of  the  mojt  famous  of  the 
fathers  of  fifty  years  ago.  His  ministry  was  de- 
voted mainly  to  the  planting  and  building  up  of 
churches  and  Associations  in  Southern  Alabama. 
He  was  a  pioneer  for  the  times,  eminenth'  suited 
to  the  work.     He  left  a  most  fragrant  memory. 

Tremont  Temple,  Boston,  Mass.,  was  pur- 
chased early  in  1843  by  Timothy  Gilbert,  S.  G. 
Shipley,  Thomas  Gould,  and  William  S.  Danwell 
for  $55,000.  It  had 'been  the  Tremont  Theatre. 
The  deed  was  executed  in  June,  1843.  The  object 
for  which  the  edifice  was  bought  by  these  gentle- 
men was  to  secure  a  place  of  worship  for  the  Tre- 
mont Street  Baptist  church,  where  the  seats  should 
be  free,  that  there  might  be  free  seats  for  the  poor, 
and  for  strangers  coming  to  the  city  to  seek  employ- 
ment, whose  means  would  not  allow  them  to  rent 
pews  in  other  churches. 

The  purchasers,  on  their  own  responsibility,  re- 
modeled the  interior  of  the  building,  and  arranged 
the  halls,  stores,  and  other  rooms  in  a  manner  con- 
venient for  the  purposes  designed.  They  also  fur- 
nished the  edifice.  Tliese  changes  required  an  ad- 
ditional outlay  of  824,284.  The  main  audience- 
room  of  tiie  Temple  was  90  by  80  feet,  and  seated 
2000  pei-sons. 

It  was  used  as  a  place  of  worship  until  March  31, 
1852,  when  it  was  destroyed  by  fire.  On  the  25th 
of  May,  1853,  the  foundations  of  the  present  build- 
ing were  laid,  and  on  tlie  25th  of  December  follow- 
ing the  church  held  tiie  first  meeting  for  public 
worship  in  the  main  hall.  The  new  building,  with 
all  its  furniture,  cost  §126.814.26.  The  Evangeli- 
cal Baptist  Benevolent  and  Missionary  Society  was 
formed  May  11,  1858,  and  the  property  was  trans- 
ferred  to  it  on  Nov.  30,  1858.  A  lease  was  exe- 
cuted on  June  9,  1859,  granting  the  Tremont  Street 


TKKMdN'l'     lEMI'LK,     ItllMdN,     M.\>S.        AMJIKMK     KdllM     l\V     IIIF.     IKIiMllNT    STKKKT     IIAI'TIST    ClUItrll. 


TREMONT 


1164 


TRIENNIAL 


Baptist  churcli  and  society  the  use  of  the  gjeat  hall, 
witli  its  organ  and  furniture,  during  the  daytime 
on  Sundays,  as  a  place  of  public  worship,  and 
basement  rooms  ''  for  vestry  and  Sabbath-schools," 
on  condition  that  the  church  should  always  main- 
tain public  worship  on  the  Sabbath  with  free  seats, 
and  support  a  good  and  efficient  pastor. 

On  the  night  of  Aug.  14,  1879,  the  Temple  was 
destroyed  by  fire.  The  directors,  however,  took 
immediate  and  effective  steps  to  rebuild  it,  and 
the  denomination  now  has  aa  edifice  worthy  to 
stand  beside  any  of  the  splendid  structures  that 
adorn  the  city  of  Boston,  where  the  Word  of  life 
is  regularly  dispensed  to  listening  thousands. 

The  ol)jects  which  the  Evangelical  Baptist  Be- 
nevolent and  Missionary  Society  aims  to  accom- 
plish are,  the  maintenance  of  evangelical  preach- 
ing in  the  Tremont  Temple,  the  employment  of 
colporteur  and  missionary  laborers  in  Boston  and 
elsewhere,  the  furnishing  of  suitable  rooms  in  the 
Temple  for  other  missionary  and  benewlent  socie- 
ties, and  generally  to  provide  for  the  spiritual  wants 
of  the  destitute. 

The  Tremont  property  is  valued  at  $230,000.  It 
brings  in  a  large  income  for  the  benevolent  objects 
for  the  promotion  of  which  the  society  exists.  The 
church  worshiping  in  the  Temple  has  a  membership 
of  1500,  and,  under  the  able  ministry  of  F.  M.  Ellis, 
D.D.,  one  of  the  largest  congregations  in  the  United 
States.  It  is  known  and  designated  as  the  head- 
quarters of  New  England  Baptists.  The  Missionary 
Union,  the  New  England  departments  of  the  Home 
Mission  Society  and  the  Publication  Society,  the 
Woman's  Baptist  Home  and  Foreign  Missionary 
Sociieties,  and  tiie  Watcliman  have  rooms  in  the 
Temple.  The  Baptist  Social  Union,  composed  of 
representatives  of  the  churches  in  Boston  and  its 
vicinity,  holds  its  meetings  in  the  Temple.  It  is 
the  grand  gathering-place  of  Boston  Baptists,  and 
the  home  of  New  England  Baptist  institutions. 
The  conception  of  the  plan  which  resulted  in  the 
Temple  enterprise  was  a  magnificent  effort  of  con- 
secrated genius.  Its  execution  was  worthy  of  the 
capital  of  New  England,  and  its  success  deserves 
the  devout  gratitude  of  Baptists  everywhere.  There 
should  be  a  Tremont  Temple  in  every  large  city  in 
the  world.  Timothy  Gilbert,  S.  G.  Shipley,  Thomas 
Gould,  and  William  S.  Danwell  are  worthy  of  the 
affectionate  remembrance  of  the  friends  of  truth 
everywhere.  The  following  are  the  present  officers 
of  the  Evangelical  Baptist  Benevolent  and  Mission- 
ary Society  in  which  is  vested  the  ownership  of  the 
Temple  estate : 

President,  James  W.  Converse  ;  Secretary,  Solo- 
mon '  Parsons ;  Treasurer,  Joseph  II.  Converse  ; 
Directors,  J.  Warren  Merrill,  J.  W.  Converse, 
George  W.  Chipman,  Joseph  Story,  Cyrus  Carpen- 
ter, Joseph  Sawyer,  Lucius  B.  Marsh,  Charles  S. 


Kendall,  S.  S.  Cudworth,  George  S.  Dexter,  Joseph 
Goodnow,  Charles  S.  Butler,  Moses  C.  Warren. 

Trestrail,  Rev.  Frederic,  many  years  one  of 
the  secretaries  of  the  English  Baptist  Missionary 
Society,  was  born  at  Falmouth,  England,  in  1803. 
'  and  became  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church  there 
in  his  youth.  The  house  of  his  parents  was  the  re- 
sort of  ministers  and  missionaries  visiting  the  port, 
and  a  zeal  for  missionary  work  was  enkindled  in 
his  heart  from  very  early  years.  In  his  twenty- 
sixth  year  he  entered  Bristol  College,  liaving  been 
called  by  the  church  to  ministerial  work  some 
years  previously.  At  the  end  of  his  course  of 
study  he  supplied  the  church  at  Little  Wild  Street, 
London,  for  six  months.  Subsequently  he  l)ecame 
pastor  of  the  church  at  Clipstone,  whence  he  re- 
moved, after  three  years'  service,  to  Newport,  Isle 
of  Wight,  where  he  remained  five  years.  At  the 
request  of  the  Baptist  Irish  Society  he  labored  in 
Ireland  four  years,  and  when  tlie  secretaryship  fell 
vacant  he  received  the  appointment.  On  Dr. 
Angus's  retirement  from  the  secretaryship  of  the 
Foreign  Missionary  Society,  3Ir.  Trestrail  was  re- 
quested to  take  the  office  in  conjunction  with  E. 
B.  Underbill,  LL.D.  After  twenty-one  years  of 
distinguished  service  Mr.  Trestrail  retired,  and 
has  since  sustained  the  pastoral  relation  to  the 
church  at  Nevrport,  of  which  he  was  pastor  nearly 
thirty  years  ago.  He  has  received  significant  tokens 
of  the  high  appreciation  of  his  services,  among 
which  was  the  present,  in  1871,  of  a  cheek  for 
£1350. 

Triennial  Convention,  the  common  name  of 

the  "  Baptist  General  Convention  for  Missionary 
Purposes." 

Origin. — In  1813  American  Baptists,  who  till 
then  had  been  chiefly  confined  to  home  missionary 
work,  without  any  general  organization,  were 
aroused  as  to  their  duty  in  respect  to  foreign 
missions  as  by  an  electric  shock.  News  arrived 
that  Mr.  and  ^Irs.  Judson  and  Mr.  Rice,  part  of 
the  first  company  of  missionaries  sent  out  by 
the  American  board,  after  leaving  this  country, 
through  the  stud}'  of  God's  Word  had  embraced 
Baptist  sentiments,  had  been  baptized  at  Seram- 
pore,  and  now  appealed  for  support  to  their  Baptist 
brethren  in  the  United  States.  A  profound  senti- 
ment was  awakened.  A  local  society  was  formed 
at  Boston  immediately,  which  assumed  the  support 
of  Jlr.  and  Mrs.  Judson.  Mr.  Rice  soon  returned 
to  America.  On  the  18th  of  'Slwy.  1814,  a  conven- 
tion of  thirty-three  delegates  "  from  missionary 
societies  (of  which  many  had  been  formed)  and 
other  religious  bodies"  of  American  Baptists,  most 
of  them  eminent  men,  assembled  at  the  First 
church  in  Philadelphia  and  organized  "'the  Gen- 
eral Missionary  Convention  of  the  Baptist  denomi- 
nation iu  the  United  States  of  America  for  Foreign 


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1165 


TRIENNIAL 


Missions."  Its  constitution  provided  for  triennial 
ineetini^s,  for  two  deleijates  from  each  society  or 
other  religious  body  which  should  contribute  an- 
nually $100,  and  for  a  board  of  managers  to  be 
called  the  "  Baptist  Hoard  of  Foreign  Missions  for 
the  United  States."  Tlie  board  appointed  Mr.  Rice 
as  a  missionary  agent  to  raise  funds  in  America, 
and  adopted  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Judson  as  its  mission- 
aries to  Burmah,  tiiey  having  been  providentially 
guided  to  llangoon,  wiiere  they  had  settled. 

History  of  the  Convention. — Triennial  meetings 
of  the  Convention  and  annual  meetings  of  the 
V)oard  were  regularly  lield.  Tlic  presidents  were 
Richard  Furman,  Robt.  B.  Seinple,  Spencer  II. 
Cone,  AVm.  B.  Johnson,  and  Francis  Wayland. 
The  corresponding  secretaries,  who  were  the  chief 
executive  officers,  were  "Wm.  Staugliton,  Lucius 
Bolles,  Solomon  Peck,  and  Robt.  E.  Pattison.  Dr. 
Peck  was  secretary  for  the  foreign  department 
when  the  Convention  was  merged  in  the  Mis.sionary 
Union.  The  seat  of  operations  was  first  at  Phila- 
delphia, then  at  Washington,  and  after  1826  at 
Boston. 

The  name  and  constitution  underwent  various 
changes,  chiefly  as  operations  were  extended  be- 
yond, and  afterwards  restricted  to,  foreign  (includ- 
ing American  Indian)  missions.  The  general 
principle  as  to  membership  was  one  delegate  for 
each  annual  contril)ution  of  SlOO  continued  for 
three  years.  Fetnale  auxiliaries  sent  delegates,  but 
these  were  always  men.  After  1<S32  the  society 
was  known  as  ''  the  Baptist  General  Convention  for 
Foreign  Missions."  After  1841  the  board  ap- 
pointed from  its  own  members  an  "acting  board" 
of  fifteen  persons  residing  in  or  near  Boston. 

In  early  times  the  annual  re])orts  gave  the  sta- 
tistics of  the  denomination.  Tiiose,  in  ISlfi,  were. 
Associations,  126  ;  churches,  2541  ;  ministers,  1558  ; 
licentiates,  365  :  baptized,  4600:  members,  158,508. 
State  Conventions  then  scarcely  existed. 

In  its  later  history  the  Convention  was  much 
distracted  Ijy  the  anti-slavery  agitation.  At  length 
the  acting  board  at  Boston  having  declared,  in  re- 
sponse to  queries  of  the  Alabama  Baptist  Conven- 
tion, that  they  would  not  appoint  a  slaveholder  as 
a  missionary,  the  brethren  in  the  South,  claiming 
that  this  decision  infringed  their  equal  rights,  with- 
drew and  Ibrmed  the  "  Southern  Baptist  Conven- 
tion." Whereupon,  in  1846,  the  Triennial  Con- 
vention was  merged  in  a  new  organization  of 
Northern  Baptists,  known  as  the  American  Baptist 
Missionary  Union,  meeting  annually,  and  based 
solely  on  $100  life  memberships,  thougii  this  last 
feature  has  since  been  modified.  The  Union  took 
up  the  work  of  the  Convention,  except  in  the  case 
of  a  few  missionaries  amicably  transferred  to  the 
Southern  Convention. 

Foreign  Mission  Work. — The  first  mission  was 


the  Burman,  where  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Judson  began 
their  work  alone,  in  danger  and  discomfort,  in  the 
midst  of  a  barbarous  and  pagan  nation.  The  first 
convert,  Moung  Nau,  was  baptized  at  Rangoon 
June  27,  1X19.'  by  Dr.  Judson.  Since  tiien  tiie 
work  has  spread  to  \\w  Karens  and  other  tribes, 
and  lias  assumed  magnificent  proportions.  In  1833 
missions  were  planted  in  France,  now  specially 
hopeful,  and  in  Siam,  where  a  good  work  has  been 
done.  About  1835  great  cntliusiasm  prevailed, 
and  tiie  work  was  much  enlarged.  An  African 
Mission  (in  Liberia)  had  existed  ever  since  1823, 
though  nearly  every  white  missionary  perished 
from  the  climate.  In  1835  was  begun  tlie  mission 
to  China,  now  prosperous,  after  a  long  period  of 
toil  with  scanty  results.  Also  the  mission  in  Ger- 
many, where  a  wide  and  wonderful  work  has  been 
accomplished,  spreading  into  Switzerland,  Den- 
mark, Sweden,  Russia,  and  other  countries.  In 
1836  was  founded  the  Teloogoo  Mission,  so  long  a 
"  forlorn  hope,"  in  which  recently  there  have  been 
such  unparalleled  displays  of  divine  power.  Also 
tiie  mission  in  Assam,  still  prosecuted  with  much 
encouragement.  In  1837  a  mission  was  begun  in 
Ilayti,  not  long  continued.  Also  in  Greece,  where 
no  large  results  have  been  realized.  Great  pecu- 
niary embarrassments  followed  this  rapid  enlarge- 
ment, and  a  heavy  debt  long  impeded  the  work. 
The  foreign  missions  of  American  Baptists  have 
been  richly  blessed,  far  beyond  those  of  any  other 
denomination  or  society.  The  most  fruitful  fields 
have  been  in  Burmah,  chiefly  among  the  Karens, 
in  Germany,  in  Sweden,  and  recently  among  the 
Teloogoos. 

Persecution  has  often  been  experienced.  Dr. 
Judson  and  his  wife  endured  terrible  sufferings  at 
the  hands  of  the  Burman  government.  Our  breth- 
ren in  German}',  Sweden,  Denmark,  France,  and 
Russia  suffered  long  from  arbitrary  laws,  fines,  and 
imprisonments.  But  the  results  have  been  the  fur- 
therance of  the  truth  and  a  wonderful  advance  as 
to  religious  liberty. 

Indian  Missions  were  projected  as  early  as  1817, 
and  have  been  carried  on  with  great  success,  espe- 
cially among  the  Cherokees,  Creeks,  and  Choctaws. 
At  the  present  time  these  missions  (except  in  cases 
where  they  have  been  abandoned  or  have  become 
unnecessary)  are  cared  for  by  the  American  Bap- 
tist Home  Mission  Society  or  by  the  Southern 
Baptist  Convention. 

Home  Missions  were  included  in  the  sphere  of 
the  Convention  in  1817,  but  were  never  extensively 
prosecuted,  and  were  discontinued  in  1826.  In 
1832  was  formed  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mis- 
sion Society  for  that  work. 

Education. — The  establishment  of  a  collegiate 
and  theological  institution,  in  furtherance  of 
ministerial   education,   was    undertaken    in    1S17. 


TRIENNIAL 


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This  soon  resulted  in  founding  what  is  now  known 
as  the  Columbian  University,  at  Washington,  with 
a  theological  department.  Mr.  Rice  was  a  general 
agent.  After  1826  the  Convention  liad  no  other  care 
and  control  of  the  college  tlian  to  select  triennially 
fifty  persons  from  among  whom  the  trustees  of  the 
institution  were  elected.  At  the  fonnation  of  the 
American  Baptist  Missionary  Union  this  connection 
wholly  ceased. 

Bible  Translation. — Baptists  have  always  been 
foremost  in  the  trai:islation  and  circulation  of  the 
Scriptures.  Dr.  Judson  at  the  earliest  possible  time 
began  to  translate,  and  to  this  worli  consecrated 
his  splendid  abilities  with  untiring  devotion.  Oct. 
24,  1S4U,  he  completed  the  second  and  final  revision 
of  the  Burmese  Bible,  a  version  declared  by  com- 
petent judges  to  be  almost  une({ualed.  The  mis- 
sionaries of  tiie  Convention  ajid  of  the  American 
Baptist  Missionary  Union  have  translated  the  Bible, 
in  whole  or  in  part,  into  the  various  Karen  and 
other  dialects  used  in  Burmah,  into  Teloogoo,  Si- 
amese, Chinese,  Japanese,  and  Assamese  and  other 
dialects  used  in  Assam  ;  also  into  various  Indian 
languages  in  North  America.  These  versions  have 
been  freely  circulated.  Scripture  distribution  has 
been  extensively  carried*on  in  Europe,  especially 
in  Germany.  This  is  still  vigorously  pursued  by 
the  American  Baptist  jNIissionary  Union. 

This  Bible  work,  and  especially  the  Burmese 
version  of  Dr.  Judson,  was  the  occasion  of  making 
the  Convention  the  foremost  asserter  of  the  princi- 
ple of  absolute  fidelity  in  translating  the  AVoi'd 
of  God.  The  British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society 
having  refused  to  aid  in  printing  the  English  Bap- 
tist versions  in  India  unless  the  words  relating  to 
baptism  were  transferred  or  translated  in  a  manner 
acceptable  to  all  denominations,  the  American  Bap- 
tist Board  at  Salem  in  1833  declared  that  its  mis- 
sionaries must  translate  the  whole  Bible  faithfully 
and  intelligibly,  transferring  no  words  capable  of 
translation.  In  1836  the  board  of  the  American 
Bil)le  Society,  following  the  example  of  the  British 
and  Foreign  Bible  Society,  and  with  like  unfaith- 
fulness to  the  truth  and  injustice  to  its  Baptist 
members  and  contributors,  declared  that  it  would 
aid  only  such  versions  as  were  conformed  in  their 
principles  of  translation  to  King  James's  version, 
at  least  so  far  as  that  they  could  be  used  by  all  de- 
nominations. They  sent  a  check  for  §5000  to  aid 
in  printing  Dr.  Judson's  version,  under  this  re- 
striction. Tiie  Baptist  board  returned  the  check. 
The  Convention  reaffirmed  the  resolutions  of  1833, 
and  called  on  tiie  denomination  for  means  to  carry 
on  a  faithful  Bii)lc  work,  which  were  amply  fur- 
nished, largely  at  first  through  the  American  and 
Foreign  Bible  Society,  and  later,  also,  through  the 
American  Bible  Union.  English  Baptists,  who 
had  refused  to  mutilate  their  versions,  soon  after 


formed  the  "Bible  Translation  Society."  In  ISTl) 
the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union  unani- 
mously and  solemnly  reaffirmed  tiie  position  taken 
by  the  Convention,  and  in  1880  the  American  Bap- 
tist Publication  Society  declared  for  a  "  pure  trans- 
lation of  the  Word  of  God."  Tlius  the  denomina- 
tion has  the  high  honor  of  being  the  cliampion, 
at  home  and  abroad,  of  the  great  principle  of  faith- 
ful translation,  and  of  steadfastly  resisting  the 
monstrous  demand  that  the' Word  of  God  shall  be 
translated  to  suit  human  opinions  and  convenience. 

Funds. — Contributions  received  in  1814.  .*il239.- 
29;  in  1816,.  $12,236.84;  1820,  5;12.296.21.  After 
that,  for  nine  years,  there  was  a  falling  oS"  in  the 
annual  receipts  ranging  from  S3615.27.  the  lowest, 
to  §10,639,  the  highest.  In  1830,  S21.622.  After 
that  there  Averc  fluctuations,  but  on  an  average  view 
steady  growth,  till  in  1846  the  sum  reported  was 
§100,150.02.  Total  contributions  to  the  Conven- 
tion for  thirty-three  years,  $874,027.92. 

Missionaries. — The  whole  number  of  missiona- 
ries and  assistants  (including,  besides  ordained 
ministers,  printers,  wives  of  missionaries,  and 
other  female  assistants)  appointed  from  1814  to 
1846  was  (according  to  the  best  information  attain- 
able) 257  to  foreign  fields,  including  the  Indians, 
and  16  to  domestic.  A  few,  not  more  than  12,  did. 
not  enter  on  the  service.  This  does  not  embrace 
the  great  number  of  native  preachers  and  assistants 
raised  up  on  the  field.  Among  these  missionaries 
are  many  names  that"  will  never  die,  as  Judson, 
AVade,  Mason,  Boardinan,  Kincaid,  Brown.  Jones, 
Goddard,  Oncken,  AVillard,  McCoy,  and  many 
others. 

Conclusion. — The  Baptist  General  Convention 
has  a  record  of  missionary  fidelity',  self-sacrifice, 
and  achievement  for  which  American  Baptists  may 
well  thank  God.  In  1 845  its  missions  were  17,  with 
109  missionaries  and  assistant  missionaries,  of 
whom  42  were  preachers;  native  preachers  and  as- 
sistants, 123;  churches,  79;  baptisms  in  one  y«ar, 
2593 ;  church  meiiil)ers,  over  5000,*  though  the  num- 
ber baptized  from  the  beginning  must  have  been 
something  like  double  that ;  schools,  56  ;  scholars, 
about  1350.  This  is  small  when  compared  with 
the  present  aggregate  statistics  of  the  American 
Baptist  Missionary  Union  and  Southern  Conven- 
tion, but  great  in  itself  and  in  its  promise.  The  Tri- 
ennial Convention  through  years  of  experiment 
and  ffiith,  of  toil  and  trial,  laid  the  foundations  of 
the  foreign  mission  work,  on  which  its  successors 
are  now  so  prosperously  Ijuilding.  (See  articles 
on  the  ]MissioxARV  Union,  and  on  various  mission 
fields,  and  also  on  the  Southern  Baptist  Conven- 
tion.) 

Trine  Immersion  was  the  baptismal  usage  of 

*  Probably  over  1500  just  biiptizeit  among  the  Karens  by  Myat 
Kyan  wpio  not  yet  repoitcd  us  chiiicb  uu'inbei-s. 


TRINE 


1167 


TRINITY 


Christendom  from  the  end  of  the  second  to  tlie 
close  of  the  twelftli  century,  except  aniong  some 
orthodox  Spiiiiiards,  who  dipped  but  once,  and  for 
their  sinj^ularity  had  to  enlist  the  influence  of 
Pope  Gregory  the  Great  to  protect  them  from 
being  regarded  as  religious  outlaws;  the  suc- 
cessors of  these  men,  in  the  days  of  Charlemagne, 
were  constrained  to  accept  chastisement  from  the 
celebrated  Alcuin  for  their  departure  from  the  gen- 
eral custom.  In  England  trine  immersion  was  the 
usage  down  to  the  Reformation.  Prince  Arthur, 
the  brother  of  Henry  VIII.,  and  Margaret,  queen 
of  Scotland,  his  sister,  and  his  children,  Edward  \^I. 
and  Queen  Elizabeth,  were  baptized  in  this  way. 
Trine  immersion  is  universal  in  Ilussia  now,  and 
throughout  the  Greek  and  all  the  churches  of  tlie 
East.  Before  the  end  of  the  second  century  no 
Christian  writer  mentions  it.  TerUillian  is  the 
first  author  who  names  it. 

If  the  Scriptures  had  been  read  after  the  third 
century  as  they  were  before  it,  and  if  baptism  had 
been  translated  as  it  had  been  previously  instead 
of  being  transferred,  trine  immersion  could  not 
have  been  perpetuated.  It  is  one  thing  for  an 
error  to  creep  into  the  churches,  but  with  a  faith- 
ful Bible,  widely  read  and  reverenced,  errors  must 
perish.  Jerome,  in  his  Vulgate,  transfers  bap- 
tism, in  Eph.  iv.  5,  "  One  Lord,  one  faith,  and 
one  baptism.''''  If  Jerome  had  been  a  faithful 
reviser,  and  had  rendered  baptism  immersion,  how 
difficult  it  would  have  been  all  over  Western 
Europe,  where  his  Bible  was  read,  to  see  the 
words,  "One  Lord,  one  faith,  and  one  immersion," 
and  at  the  same  time  to  practise  trine  immersion ! 
Jerome  saw  the  difficulty  even  with  the  Greek 
word  baptisma  in  Roman  letters  in  his  Latin  text ; 
and  in  the  Commentary  which  he  added  to  his  re- 
vised New  Testament  he  gives  explanations  about 
the  reason  why,  as  he  says,  "we  are  immersed 
three  times''  (ter  mergimur). 

It  would  appear  as  if  "  baptize"  was  transferred 
into  the  Latin  Vulgate  to  hide  the  meaning  of  the 
word.  The  ordinance  had  been  enlarged  by  two 
extra  dippings,  and  increased  in  other  foolish 
ways,  but  the  Greek  word  baptism  covers  every- 
thing to  the  masses  of  readers  of  the  Vulgate. 

TertuUian  quotes  from  a  Latin  New  Testament, 
two  hundred  years  older  than  Jerome's,  and  his 
quotations  from  it.  iti  his  treatise  "  Ue  Baptismo." 
always  translate  the  verb  "  baptize.''  In  the  com- 
mission. Matt,  xxviii.,  it  reads,  "Go,  teach  all 
nations,  iminersinc/  them,"  etc.  (tingucntes).  Here 
Jerome  has  "baptizing  them."  In  Matt.  iii.  0, 
TertuUian  quotes,  "They  were  immersed  (tingue- 
bantur),  confessing  their  sins,"  cap.  13,  20;  Je- 
rome again  transfers  "baptized."  The  New  Tes- 
tament quoted  by  TertuUian  translates  the  word, 
and  in  all  probability  it  was  one  of  the  versions 


the  revision  of  which  we  have  in  the  Vulgate  edi- 
tion. Jerome's  translation  of  the  Old  Testament 
is  more  faithful  than  his  revision  of  the  New. 

If  Jerome  had  not  transferred  the  baptismal 
words,  and  Christians  had  continued  Bible-read- 
ing, trine  immersion  could  not  have  been  perma- 
nently sustained  among  Bible-loving  Christians. 
There  is  absolutely  nothing  in  the  Scriptures  to 
support  it,  and  its  historical  chain  of  evidence  has 
no  links  uniting  it  to  the  apostles  or  their  times. 

Trinity,  The. — The  London  Baptist  Confession 
of  Faith  of  l()4l),  in  Articles  I.  and  II..  says,  "  The 
Lord  our  God  is  but  one  God,  whose  subsistence  is 
in  himself,  whose  essence  cannot  be  comjirehended 
by  any  but  himself;  who  only  hath  immortality, 
dwelling  in  the  light,  which  no  man  can  approach 
unto ;  who  is  in  himself  most  holy,  every  way  in- 
finite in  greatness,  wisdom  power,  love  ;  merciful 
and  gracious,  long-suffering,  and  abundant  in  good- 
ness <and  truth,  who  giveth  being,  moving,  and 
preservation  to  all  creatures. 

"  In  this  divine  and  infinite  being  there  is  the 
Father,  the  Word,  and  the  Holy  Spirit,  each  having 
the  whole  divine  essence,  yet  the  essence  undivided  ; 
all  infinite  without  any  beginning,  therefore  but 
one  God,  who  is  not  to  be  divided  in  nature  and 
being,  but  distinguished  by  several  peculiar  rela- 
tive properties."  In  these  terms  our  fathers  de- 
scribed the  great  Jehovah, — one  God  in  three  per- 
sons. 

The  Trinity  rests  upon  the  divinity  of  the  Father, 
Son,  and  Spirit.  The  Deity  of  the  Father  admits 
of  no  discussion.  We  shall  briefly  present  the 
reasons  which  infallibly  show  that  the  Son  is  God, 
and  that  the  Spirit  is  Jehovah. 

The  Son  of  God  had  the  Almighty  for  the  father 
of  his  human  nature,  and  the  word  "son"  always 
has  reference  to  the  humanity  of  Christ,  either  by 
anticipation  or  as  representing  an  actual  occur- 
rence: "The  angel  answered  and  said  unto  her 
(Mary),  'The  Holy  Spirit  shall  come  upon  thee, 
and  the  power  of  the  Highest  shall  overshadow 
thee;  therefore  also  that  holy  thing  which  shall  be 
born  of  thee  shall  be  called  the  Son  of  God.'  " — 
Luke  i.  .35.  When  tiie  Saviour  says,  "My  Father 
is  greater  than  I,"  John  xiv.  28,  the  use  of  the 
word  "  father"  shows  that  it  is  his  human  nature 
that  is  compared  to  the  divinity  of  the  Father,  and 
in  that  sense  the  Father  is  greater  than  the  Son. 
He  does  not  say  that  the  Father  is  greater  than 
the  Word,  the  .Scriptural  name  for  the  divine  na- 
ture of  Jesus.  When  he  compares  his  divinity  and 
the  Father's,  he  says,  "  I  and  my  Father  are  one." 
— John  X.  30.  "  Philip  saith  unto  him,  '  Lord, 
show  us  the  Father,  and  it  sufficeth  us.'  Je.sus 
saith  unto  him,  '  Have  I  been  so  long  time  with 
you,  and  yet  hast  thou  not  known  me,  Philip?' 
He  that  hath  seen  me  hath  seen  the  Father,  and 


TRINITY 


1168 


TRINITY 


how  sayest  thou  then,  'Show  us  the  Father?'" 
From  this  it  is  evident  that  the  divinity  of  the  Son 
is  as  like  that  of  the  Father  as  the  resemblance 
between  two  new  gold  coins  struck  in  the  same 
mint,  and  having  the  same  weight  and  the  sanie 
stamp, — they  ar^  alike  but  not  identical.  All  ref- 
erences to  the  subjection  of  the  Son  to  the  Father 
apply  exclusively  to  his  human  nature.  In  his 
divinity  he  is  a  perfect  likeness  of  the  Father,  "  the 
brightness  of  his  glory,  and  the  express  image  of 
his  person." — Ileb.  i,  3.  The  word  translated  "  ex- 
press image"  is  ;^;aj^aKT^p,  and  it  teaches  us  that 
Christ  bears  the  same  "  s^am/)"  of  divinity  as  his 
Father,  that  he  is  his  "  exact  and  perfect  resem- 
blance or  counterpart.'''  John  says,  "  In  the  begin- 
ning was  the  Word,  and  the  Word  was  with  God, 
and  the  Word  was  God,  and  the  AVord  was  made 
flesh  and  dwelt  among  us." — John  i.  1,  14.  "  The 
beginning"  was  before  the  birth  of  the  ages  and 
the  worlds,  and  the  Word  existed  then  :  and  the 
Word  was  with  God,  as  an  individual  member  of 
the  Trinity,  and  he  was  God  ;  and  the  Word  was 
made  flesh  in  the  person  of  Jesus.  Christ,  the 
Logos,  is  solemnly  pronounced  God  by  the  inspired 
apostle.  The  word  Logos  means  that  Christ  is  the 
spokesman  of  the  Trinity,"  the  revealer  of  God,  who 
manifested  Jehovah  in  creation,  in  redemption, 
and  in  every  appearance  of  the  Deity  under  all 
dispensations. 

Omniscience  is  ascribed  to  Christ :  "  We  must  all 
appear  before  the  j  udgmen  t-seat  of  Christ,  that  every 
one  may  receive  the  things  done  in  his  body,  accord- 
ing to  that  he  hath  done,  whether  it  be  good  or  bad." 
— 2  Cor.  V.  10.  To  discharge  the  duties  of  this  office 
he  must  have  a  perfect  knowledge  of  every  human 
heart,  and  of  every  event  in  the  lives  of  all  man- 
kind. Little  wonder  that  Peter  said,  "  Lord,  thou 
knowestall  things,  thou  knowest  that  I  love  thee." 
— John  xxi.  17.  Everything  in  the  dusty  past,  in 
the  hazy  present,  in  the  misty  future,  in  this  earth 
and  in  evei-y  other  world,  is  completely  exposed 
before  him. 

Omnipotence  belongs  to  him.  Paul  says  of 
Christ,  "  By  him  were  all  things  created,  that  are 
in  heaven,  and  that  are  in  earth,  visible  and  in- 
visible, whether  they  be  thrones,  or  dominions,  or 
principalities,  or  powers:  all  things  were  created 
by  him  and  for  him." — Col.  i.  IG.  We  can  conceive 
uo  wider  stretch  of  power  than  the  ability  needed 
to  create  the  universe  of  worlds.  And  it  has  no 
equal  unless  it  be  the  might  needed  to  sustain  his 
vast  creations,  and  this  is  attributed  to  Christ. 
Paul  describes  him,  "  As  upholding  all  things  by 
the  word  of  his  power." — Ileb.  i.  3.  The  word  of 
Jesus,  has  sufficient  weight  to  support  myriads  of 
worlds,  and  he  must  be  the  Almighty. 

He  is  omnipresent :  "  Where  two  or  three  are 
gathered  together  in  my  name,  there  am  I  in  the 


midst  of  them." — Matt,  xviii.  20.  Thus,  on  the 
Lord's  day,  he, must  be  in  a  multitude  of  places  at 
the  same  time. 

He  is  unchangeable:  "Jesus  Christ,  the  same 
yesterday,  to-day,  and  forever.'" — Heb.  xiii.  .5. 
Men  are  constantly  varying  in  soul  and  body,  God 
changes  not.     Christ  is  therefore  the  Lord  God. 

Jesus  could  not  have  merits  before  Jehovah  if  he 
were  only  a  creatui-e.  God  claims  from  each  man 
the  love  and  service  of  his  whole  being  ;  if  he  gives 
it,  he  only  renders  to  the  Lord  a  just  debt.  He  can- 
not go  beyond  it.  "  The  blood  of  Jesus  Christ,  his 
Son,  cleanses  us  from  all  sin"  (1  John  i.  7),  and, 
as  a  consequence,  he  was  above  creature  relations 
and  obligations,  and  had  something  to  which  no 
being  had  a  claim.  He  was  omnipotent,  and  could 
bear  the  sin  and  pains  which  would  have  crushed 
the  elect  in  the  woes  of  unending  despair;  as  God 
he  had  merits,  as  a  creature  he  could  have  none. 
He  is  "  the  first  and  the  last,"  the  eternal  Jehovah  : 
"  Being  in  the  form  of  God,  he  thought  it  not  rob- 
bery to  be  equal  with  God." — Phil.  ii.  6.  And  as 
Paul  again  says,  "  Whose  are  the  fathers,  and  of 
whom  as  concerning  the  flesh  Christ  came,  who  is 
over  all,  God  blessed  forever." — Rom.  ix.  5.  Little 
wonder  that  Thomas  exclaimed,  as  he  saw  him 
after  his  resurrection,  "  My  Lord  and  my  God.'" 
— John  XX.  28.  The  Saviour  himself  says,  '•  The 
Father  judgeth  no  man,  but  hath  committed  all 
judgment  unto  the  Son,  that  all  men  should  honor 
the  Son  even  as  they  iTonor  the  Father." — John  v. 
22,  23.     Christ  has  divine  honors. 

The  Holy  Spirit  is  Jehovah.  "  Except,"  says 
Christ,  "  a  man  be  born  of  water  and  of  the  Spirit 
he  cannot  enter  into  the  kingdom  of  God." — John 
iii.  5.  It  follows  that  all  who  are  truly  in  Christ's 
gospel  kingdom  are  born  of  the  Spirit ;  and  as  the 
new  birth  is  blessing  men  in  myriads  of  places  at 
the  same  time  he  must  be  everywhere  present. 
And,  ^besides,  it  is  expressly  said  of  those  who  are 
born  again,  that  they  are  "  born,  not  of  blood,  nor 
of  the  will  of  the  flesh,  nor  of  the  will  of  men,  but 
of  God.''' — John  i.  13.  The  Spirit,  according  to 
this  statement,  is  God. 

Peter  asks  Ananias,  "  Why  hath  Satan  filled  thine 
heart  to  lie  to  the  Holy  Spirit?"  And  he  adds, 
''Thou  hast  not  lied  unto  men,  but  unto  God." — 
Acts  V.  3,  4.  According  to  inspired  Peter,  lying 
to  the  Holy  Spirit  was  stating  a  falsehood  to  God. 
Peter'on  another  occasion  says,  "Holy  men  of  God 
spake  as  they  were  moved  by  the  Holy  Spirit." — 
1  Peter  i.  21.  And  Paul  speaking  of  the  writings 
of  these  very  men,  asserts  that  "  all  Scripture  is 
given  by  inspiration  of  God.'" — 2  Tim.  iii.  16.  It 
follows  that  he  who  moved  holy  men  of  old  to 
write  prophecy  was  God  the  Spirit.  The  Spirit, 
who  regenerated  Paul,  and  all  believers,  and  who 
carries  on  the  work  of  grace  in  many  millions  of 


TRINITY 


1169 


TRIPP 


earthly  hearts  at  this  hour,  and  who  will  continue 
it  until  they  reach  glory,  is  God,  in  all  his  greatness 
and  love. 

The  three  divine  persons  are  one  God.  This  is 
a  great  mystery;  but  not  greater  than  the  mys- 
teries presented  Ijy  some  of  the  material  objects 
around  us.  We  cannot  understand  the  mode  by 
which  certain  agencies  produce  the  wood  of  a  tree, 
and  its  bark,  foliage,  blossoms,  and  fruit :  or  the 
way  by  which  human  food  makes  bones,  and  flesh, 
and  skin,  and  hair,  and  nails.  These  are  mysteries, 
but  we  believe  them  freely,  though  we  do  not  un- 
derstand the  process  of  development.  In  one  sense 
Father,  Son,  and  Spirit  are  three  persons,  and  in 
another  they  are  one.  "  Webster's  Dictionary" 
defines  the  Trinity  as  the  union  of  three  persons 
(the  Father,  the  Son,  and  the  Holy  Spirit)  in  one 
Godhead,  so  that  all  the  three  are  one  God  as  to 
substance,  but  three  persons  as  to  individuality." 
This  is  in  the  main  the  doctrine  of  the  trinity,  as 
held  by  all  the  great  communities  of  Christendom. 
St.  Patrick  is  represented  as  illustrating  this  triple 
union  by  the  shamrock.  That  kind  of  wild  clover 
has  a  single  stem,  and  three  distinct  and  equal 
leaves ;  it  is  one  at  the  stem,  and  three  at  the 
leaves.  A  converted  Indian  is  reported  to  have 
compared  this  wonderful  union  of  three  sacred 
persons  to  a  river  in  winter,  frozen  over,  with  snow 
lying  on  the  ice  ;  there  was  the  running  water,  the 
crystal  covering,  and  the  snow,  the  three  forms  of 
one  material  element,  being  distinct  from  each 
other,  and  yet  united  in  location  and  element.  But 
this  mystery  is  incapable  of  illustration.  It  is, 
however,  clearly  taught  in  the  Scriptures. 

The  divine  command  to  baptize  is,  "  Go  ye  there- 
fore and  teach  all  nations,  baptizing  them  in  the 
name  of  the  Father,  and  of  the  Son,  and  of  the 
Holy  Spirit." — Matt,  xxviii.  19.  In  this  "  great 
commission"  the  Son  and  Spirit  are  placed  on  an 
exact  equality  with  the  Father.  If  he  is  Jehovah 
so  are  they.  In  opposition  to  all  gainsayers,  these 
words,  till  the  dcath-knell  of  time  shall  be  reached, 
will  proclaim  the  Trinity  of  persons  in  the  God- 
head. 

In  2  Cor.  xiii.  14,  we  read,  "The  grace  of  the 
Lord  Jesus  Christ,  and  the  love  of  God,  and  the 
communion  of  the  Holy  Ghost  be  with  you  all." 
Here  the  grace  of  Christ  and  the  communion  of 
the  Spirit  are  placed  on  the  same  grand  level  with 
the  love  of  the  Father.  If  the  words  ran,  "  The 
love  of  (Jod,  the  grace  of  Moses,  and  the  commu- 
nion of  Elijah  be  with  you  all,"  they  would  out- 
rage the  whole  Christian  family,  and  proclaim  an 
impossible  equality  of  creatures  with  their  Maker. 
The  commission  and  the  l)enedietion  show  beyond 
all  doubt  the  equal  divinity  of  Father,  Son,  and 
Spirit.  We  might  refer  to  many  other  Scripture 
testimonies,  but  our  space  is  limited. 


As  the  Bible  repeatedly  utters  the  sentiment  in 
Deut.  vi.  4,  "  Hear,  0  Israel,  the  Lord  our  God  is 
one  Lord,"  there  must  be  in  the  Deity  a  perfect 
oneness  ;  and  as  the  same  infallible  authority  places 
Father,  Son,  and  Spirit  as  equals  in  (mthdrity  in  all 
other  divine  attributes  and  in  saviny  power,  \\\n,l 
one  God  must  exist  in  three  persons.  The  writer 
once  saw  on  a  mountain-side  three  magnificent  trees 
rising  up  apparently  from  one  set  of  roots,  and 
close  to  the  roots  there  was  a  clear  spring  of  de- 
licious water;  the  sun  was  shining  warmly  and 
brightly,  and  the  prospect  was  extensive  and  even 
glorious.  The  Trinity  was  suggested  by  the  entire 
scene,  and  the  saving  office  of  each  person  of  it: 
the  grace  of  the  Son,  the  love  of  the  Father,  and 
the  communion  of  the  Spirit  making  a  fountain  of 
life  for  the  perishing,  with  healing  beams  from  the 
sun  of  righteousness,  and  blessed  prospects  of  the 
heavenly  Canaan. 

Tripp,  Rev.  Henry,  from  183L  to  his  death,  in 
1863,  had  his  home  in  Franklin,  Lenawee  Co., 
Mich.,  and  his  field  of  ministerial  labor  in  that  and 
in  adjoining  towns.  He  was  amember  of  the  church 
in  Bristol,  England,  under  Robert  Hall]s  ministry  ; 
became  a  sailor  in  the  English  navy,  and  afterwards 
in  our  own  under  Decatur.  He  went  early  as  a 
missionary  from  England  to  the  West  Indies,  and 
was  greatly  loved  by  the  negroes  as  their  true  friend, 
both  there  and  ever  afterwards  in  this  country.  He 
was  tireless  in  his  preaching  labors,  usually  with 
no  compensation  but  that  received  from  the  Master 
alone.  His  character  and  lal)0rs  won  the  highest 
confidence  of  all,  and  he  departed  at  eighty-two 
years  of  age,  rich  in  the  esteem  of  the  good.  His 
son,  Robert  Hall  Tripp,  has  been  Professor  of  Latin 
in  the  State  University  of  Minnesota. 

Tripp,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Dartmouth  (now 
Fairhaven),  Mass.,  JIarch  25,  17(H.  He  developed 
when  very  young  an  ardent  passion  for  study,  but 
the  opportunities  for  gratifying  his  desire  for  learn- 
ing were  of  the  most  limited  character.  Where, 
however,  there  is  a  will  there  is  generally  a  way. 
He  managed  to  procure  some  Greek  and  Latin 
books,  and  did  what  he  could  to  obtain  a  knowledge 
of  these  languages.  Then  came  the  wish  to  be  use- 
ful in  the  Christian  ministry,  and  the  desire  ripened 
into  a  resolution,  and  the  resolution  into  action. 
After  preaching  for  a  period  in  different  places  he 
was  ordained  in  Carver,  Mass.,  in  September,  IT'Jl. 
Here  he  remained  until  the  inadequacy  of  the  sup- 
port he  received  forced  him  to  resign.  His  next 
settlement  was  in  Hebron,  Me.,  where  he  com- 
menced his  labors  on  the  3d  of  July,  1798.  Here 
he  had  a  most  successful  pastorate  for  forty-five 
years.  The  Spirit  of  God  was  richly  poured  out  on 
his  flock  from  time  to  time,  and  it  grew  in  numbers 
and  in  grace.  At  the  ripe  old  age  of  eighty-six 
and  a  half  years  he  passed  on  to  receive  the  reward 


TROTMAN 


1170 


TUCKER 


of  ''a  good  and  faithful  servant."     His  death  oc- 
curred Sept.  16,  1847. 

Trotman,  Rev.  ftuentin  H.— The  hirgest  Asso- 
ciation in  Nortli  Carolina  is  the  Chowan,  which 
numbers  upwards  of  10,000  communicants,  and 
for  thirty  years  the  most  popular  and  influential 
man  in  this  large  body  was  Q.  H.  Trotman.  He 
was  born  in  Perquimans  Co.,  N.  C'  Jan.  27,  1805. 
At  tlie  age  of  nineteen  he  married.  He  was  at 
this  time,  and  for  several  years  afterwards,  notorious 
for  his  wickedness,  but  it  was  his  good  fortune  to 
have  a  praying  wife,  and  the  desire  of  her  heart 
was  accomplished  when,  in  April,  1828,  she  saw 
him  baptized  by  Rev.  Robert  T.  Daniel.  He  began 
to  preach  in  1830,  and  having  been  called  to  the 
pastorate  of  Sandy  Cross  church,  Gates  Co.,  he 
was  ordained  by  Revs.  Jeremiah  Ethridge  and  John 
Howell  in  1831.  With  the  exception  of  one  year, 
1833,  spent  in  Raleigh  as  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  there,  he  remained  the  pastor  of  the  Sandy 
Cross  church  till  just  before  his  death.  He  lost 
his  sight  in  1859,  but  continued  to  preach,  a  friend 
reading  for  him.  His  wife  died  in  Feljruary,  1862, 
and  he  quickly  followed  her,  dying  in  the  triumphs 
of  faith  on  the  9th  of  May  of  the  same  year. 

Mr.  Trotman  was  a  strong  Baptist,  and  fond  of 
controversy.  So  important  a  place  did  he  believe 
baptism  to  occupy  in  the  gospel  system  that  he 
once  told  the  writer  that  if  he  should  remember, 
after  death,  that  he  had  ever  preached  a  sermon 
without  mentioning  baptism  he  would  turn  over  in 
his  grave.  He  was  a  natural  orator  of  great  power, 
a  bold,  fearless,  generous,  noble  man,  a  born  ruler 
of  assemblies,  a  king  among  men,  and  he  did  more 
to  extend  Baptist  principles  in  the  State  than  any 
man  of  his  day. 

True,  Rev.  Benjamin  Osg^ood,  son  of  Reuben 
and  Hannah  (Duncan)  True,  was  born  in  Plain- 
field,  N.  IL,  Dec.  21,  1845  ;  fitted  for  college  at 
Kimball  Union  Academy,  N.  H. ;  graduated  from 
Dartmouth  College  in  ^866,  and  from  Rochester 
Theological  Seminary  in  1870;  pastor  at  Baldwins- 
ville,  N.  Y.,  1870-73  ;  pastor  at  Meriden,  Conn., 
from  1873-79 ;  travekd  eight  months  in  Europe  in 
1872,  and  one  year  in  Europe  and  the  East  in 
1879-80;  settled  with  Central  Baptist  church  in 
Providence,  R.  I.,  Sept.  1,  1880;  an  able  and  suc- 
cessful pastor. 

Trustees  are  not  officers  of  a  church  required 
by  the  New  Testament,  but  by  the  state.  Nor  are 
they  peculiar  to  churches  ;  they  must  be  appointed 
by  all  bonovolimt,  incorporated  societies,  owning 
property.  They  have  no  authority  over  the  mem- 
bership of  the  church  in  any  of  their  religious  acts 
or  privileges  ;  they  simply  represent  the  church  in 
managing  its  property.  Neither  have  they  any 
control  over  the  minister  in  electing  him,  dismiss- 
ing him,  or  interfering  witii  his  use  of  the  church 


edifice  for  any  of  the  regular  religious  services  of 
his  people,  oi;  for  any  of  the  proper  and  customary 
functions  of  his  office.  But  in  all  other  matters 
they  represent  the  owners  of  the  church  property, 
and  control  it  in  accordance  with  the  authority 
conferred  upon  them  by  law. 

As  their  duties  are  purely  financial,  the  congre- 
gation, as  well  as  the  church,  is  often  represented 
in  the  board  of  trustees,  and  frequently  this  repre- 
sentation is  demanded  by  the  charter.  This  feature 
in  the  composition  of  boards  of  trustees  works  well 
where  it  has  been  tried;  of  course  the  majority  of 
every  such  body  will  belong  to  the  church. 

Tryon,  Rev.  William  Melton,  eldest  son  of 
William  and  Jane  (Philips)  Tryon,  was  born  in 
the  city  of  New  York  on  the  10th  of  March.  1809 : 
was  converted  in  his  seventeenth  year,  and  bap- 
tized by  Rev.  Chas.  G.  Sommers,  D.D. ;  united  with 
the  church  at  Augusta,  Ga.,  Dec.  30,  1832;  was 
licensed ;  pursued  studies  for  the  ministry  three 
years  at  Mercer  Institute  (now  University) ;  served 
for  some  time  the  churches  at  Washington,  Lumr- 
kin,  and  Columbus.  In  1837  accepted  the  call  to 
the  pastoral  care  of  Eufaula  church  ;  great  success 
attended  his  labors.  At  the  close  of  1839  he  ac- 
cepted a  call  from  the  church  at  Wetumpka,  Ala. ; 
served  one  year.  In  1841  he  removed  to  Texas 
under  the  patronage  of  the  American  Baptist 
Home  Mission  Society,  and  settled  in  Washing- 
ton County ;  served  Independence,  Providence, 
Burleson  Co.,  and  Providence,  Washington  Co., 
churches.  In  1846  he  removed  to  Houston,  where 
he  built  up  a  large  and  prosperous  church.  For 
some  time  previous  to  his  death  he  had  a  strong  pre- 
sentiment that  he  had  not  much  longer  time  to  live. 
When  the  yellow  fever  appeared  in  Houston,  in 
1847,  he  remained  at  his  post  discharging  his  duty 
until  prostrated  himself  by  the  fever.  After  an 
illness  of  ten  days,  he  died  Nov.  16,  1847,  in  the 
thirty-ninth  year  of  his  age.  Judge  Baylor  said 
of  him,  "He  had  a  rare  combination  of  excel- 
lences." "AVith  him  originated  the  project  of  es- 
tablishing a  Baptist  university  in  Texas.  He  first 
suggested  tlje  idea,  and  I  immediately  fell  in  with  it. 
Very  soon  after  we  sent  a  memorial  to  the  Congress 
of  the  republic.  As  I  was  most  fiimiliar  with  such 
things,  I  dictated  the  memorial,  and  he  wrote  it." 

Tucker,  Rev.  George,  a  prominent  minister  in 
Louisiana,  was  born  in  Tennessee,  Dec.  12,  1806; 
h.aslield  many  prominent  pastorate.s,  as  Columbus, 
Miss.,  Jackson,  Tenn.,  Marshall  and  Houston. 
Texas,  and  First  Baptist  church,  Shreveport,  La.  ; 
has  presided  over  the  Baptist  Conventions  of  Mis- 
sissippi and  Louisiana;  was  a  ni.ijor  in  the  Con- 
federate army,  and  also  postma.ster  at  Shreveport, 
La.  During  his  ministry  he  h.as  baptized  1400 
persons.  He  still  does  effective  service  as  an 
evaniiolist. 


TUCKER 


1171 


TUCKER 


Tucker,  Henry  Holcombe,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  editor 

of  the  C hrislian  Imlix,  iiiul  |ierli;i])s  tin;  most  bril- 
liant Baptist  Geori^iii  has  produci'd,  was  born  in 
Warren  County,  May  10,  1819.  His  father  was  the 
son  of  a  wealthy  planter,  and  was  a  man  of  culture 
and  elegant  address.  His  motiier  was  a  daiijjhter 
of  Rev.  Henry  Holcombe,  D.D.    Both  families  came 


HENRY    IIOI.COMliE    TL'CKER,    D.D.,    I>I>.D. 

from  Virginia,  where  the  former,  especially,  is  well 
known  and  distinguished.  AVhen  a  mere  child, 
young  Tucker  was  taken  to  Philadelphia,  where, 
with  occasional  interruptions,  he  remained  until 
he  was  eighteen  or  nineteen  years  old. 

He  received  his  preparatory  education  at  the  aca- 
demicdepartmentof  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 
Having  gone  through  a  marvelous  amount  of  most 
exacting  drill  in  Latin  and  Greek,  he  entered  the 
university  as  Freshinan  in  18.'54,  and  remained  until 
Senior  half  advanced,  when  he  entered  the  Senior 
class  of  Oolumlilan  College,  AVashington,  1).  C, 
where  he  was  graduated  A.B.  in  1838.  Years 
passed  by,  and  in  1846  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  Forsyth,  Monroe  Co.,  Ga.  He  practised  his 
profession  until  1848,  when  he  abandoned  it  to 
enter  the  Christian  ministry.  Selling  his  law 
books,  he  repaired  to  Mercer  University  to  receive 
private  instruction  from  its  venerable  president. 
Dr.  Dagg.  His  desire  was  to  enter  fully  and  at 
once  iato  the  work  of  the  Christian  ministry,  but 
strong  pressure  was  brought  to  bear  upon  him,  and 
he  was  induced  reluctantly  to  give  up  his  plans  and 
become  an  educator.  He  taught  y<'"",il  ladies  for 
two  or  three  years  in  the  Southern  Female  College, 


La  Grange,  Ga.,  and  afterwards,  for  a  short  time, 
in  the  Richmond  Female  Institute,  Richmond,  Va. 
In  1856  he  was  elected  Professor  of  Belles-Lettres 
and  Metaphysics  in  Mercer  University,  which  po- 
sition he  held  until  1862,  when  the  institution  was, 
in  a  measure,  broken  up  by  the  war.  In  1806  he 
was  unanimously  elected  president  of  Mercer  Uni- 
versity, and  it  was  during  his  administration  that 
the  university  was  removed  from  Penlield  to  Macon. 
He  has  the  credit  of  being  one  of  the  chief  {)romo- 
ters  of  that  change.  Resigning  the  presidency  of 
Mercer  University  in  1871^  he  went  to  Europe, 
taking  his  family  with  him,  and  was  absent  over 
a  year.  While  there  ho  assisted  in  the  formation 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Rome,  and  baptized  a  man 
in  the  Tiljer,  probably  the  first  time  such  an  act  was 
performed  there  since  the  d.ays  of  the  early  Chris- 
tians. While  in  Paris  he  officiated  during  a  large 
part  of  one  winter  in  the  American  chapel.  In 
1874  he  was  elected  chancellor  of  the  University 
of  Georgia,  a  position  which  he  filled  four  years. 
He  is  now  the  editor-in-chief  of  the  Chrisiian 
Index,  Atlanta,  Ga.,  in  the  zenith  of  his  powers, 
and  wielding  a  pen  of  unusual  brilliancy. 

Dr.  Tucker  was  a  regular  pastor  but  once  only,  in 
IS54,  at  Alexandria,  Va.  Failing  health  compelled 
his  resignation  in  less  than  a  year,  but  he  has  never 
ceased  to  preach,  and  in  many  of  the  cities  and 
towns  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  from  Maine  to  Geor- 
gia, he  has  proclaimed  the  truths  of  the  gospel. 
His  sermons  always  attract  and  delight  large 
throngs  by  their  originality,  great  vigor  of  thought 
and  expression,  and  intense  earnestness.  A  re- 
markable sermon  of  his  on  "Baptism,"  preached 
at  Saratoga  in  1879,  was  published  by  the  American 
Baptist  Publication  Society,  and  commanded  very 
general  attention  because  of  its  originality.  About 
18o5  he  published  a  series  of  letters  on  "  Religious 
Liberty,"'  addressed  to  the  Hon.  Alexander  II. 
Stephens,  which  were  widely  copied  all  over  the 
United  States.  He  has  also  published  a  number 
of  sermons  and  addresses,  one  of  the  best  of  which 
is  "The  Right  and  the  Wrong  Way  of  raising 
Money  for  Religious  and  Benevolent  Purposes.'' 
In  1868,  J.  B.  Lippincott  &  Co.  jiublished  for  him 
a  small  volume  entitled  "  The  Gospel  in  Enoch," 
which  excited  much  attention  by  its  originality. 
Dr.  Tucker's  style  of  writing  is  polished  and  schol- 
arly, racy,  manly,  pungent,  and  strongly  Saxon, 
and,  like  his  thoughts,  logical  and  lucid.  It  never 
wearies,  but  always  enchains  and  sparkles.  His 
manner  of  speaking  is  Ijold,  candid,  and  fearless. 
He  is  a  logician  by  nature  as  well  as  by  culture. 
His  tone  of  mind  is  decidedly  practical.  He  op- 
posed secession,  and  debsvted  the  issue  pul)licly ; 
but  when  the  war  commenced  he  took  sides  with 
his  own  people,  and,  from  first  to  last,  co-operated 
heartily  with  the  Confederates.     One  of  the  first  to 


TUCKER 


1172 


TUCKERS 


foresee  the  salt  famine,  he  earnestly  advocated  the 
manufacture  of  salt,  and  soon  became  the  president 
of  a  large  salt  manufacturing  cumpany.  When 
smallpox  prevailed  in  the  country,  he  provided 
himself  with  pure  vaccine  virus  and  a  lancet,  and 
vaccinated  all,  old  and  young,  'black  and  vsrhite,- 
vrhom  he  found  willing  to  submit  to  the.  opera- 
tion, lie  was  the  author  and  founder  of  the 
"Georgia  Relief  and  Hospital  Association,''  an 
institution  which  corresponded  largely  with  the 
Northern  Christian  Commission,  and  which  car- 
ried aid  and  comfort  to  tens  of  thousands  of  sick 
and  wounded  and  dying  Confederate  soldiers. 
The  institution  was  very  popular  with  the  South- 
ern people,  and  enormous  contributions  to  its  sup- 
port were  made. 

He  was  baptized,  in  1834,  in  the  river  Dela- 
ware, by  the  elder  Brantly,  and  was  ordained  at 
La  Grange,  Ga.,  in  1851.  The  degree  of  D.D.  was 
conferred  on  him  by  the  Columbian  College,  Wash- 
ington City,  in  1860,  and  the  degree  oj  LL.D.  was 
conferred  on  him  by  Mercer  University  in  1876. 

A  most  entertaining  companion,  be  is  a  pro- 
found theologian,  a  well-informed  man  on  all  sub- 
jects, with  a  highly-cultured  intellect. 

Tucker,  Rev.  J.  H.,  president  of  Keachi  Female 
College,  La.,  was  born  in  Alabama  in  1829 ;  was 
educated  at  Union  University,  Tenn. ;  for  several 
years  engaged  in  teaching;  in  1855  was  Professor 
of  Matiiematics  in  Mount  Lebanon  University,  La. ; 
in  1856  pastor  of  First  Baptist  church,  Shreveport, 
La.;  elected  president  of  Keachi  Female  College 
in  1858,  a  position  which  he  held  until  the  war. 
He  resumed  the  position  in  1871.  AVliile  teaching 
he  has  preached  regularly  to  churches  in  the  sur- 
rounding country.  He  has  served  three  years  as 
president  of  Louisiana  Baptist  Convention,  and 
six  years  as  moderator  of  Grand  Cane  Association. 
He  is  a  man  of  fine  executive  abilities,  a  clear 
head,  sound  judgment,  and  a  kind  heart. 

Tucker,  Rev.  J.  J.,  was  bom  in  Halif\ix,  Vt., 
Oct.  6,  1827,  and  was  baptized  in  1835.  He  was 
for  some  time  engaged  in  teaching  and  preaching, 
while  he  was  fitting  for  college.  He  graduated  at 
Williams  College  in  the  class  of  1854.  Tie  studied 
for  a  while  at  Newton,  and  completed  his  tlieologl- 
cal  education  at  Rochester,  where  he  graduated  in 
1860.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Pleasant 
Street  church  in  Worcester,  Mass.,  Aug.  30,  1860, 
where  he  remained  a  little  more  than  a  year.  He 
became  pastor  of  the  church  in  South  Dedham, 
Mass.,  in  the  fall  of  1862,  where  he  secured  a 
strong  hold  upon  the  aSections  of  his  church.  His 
health  failing,  his  people  gave  him  leave  of  ab- 
sence, and  he  tried  the  effect  of  the  climate  of  Min- 
nesota, hoping  that  it  might  arrest  the  progress  of 
the  pvilinonary  disease  from  which  he  was  suffer- 
ing.    The  experiment  proved  a  failure,  and  on  his 


return  home  he  was  so  prostrated  that  he  was 
obliged  to  stop  at  Chicago,  where  he  died  Jan.  13, 
1864. 

Tucker,  Rev.  W.  H.,  at  present  engaged  as  a 
missionary  in  New  Orleans,  was  born  in  1840. 
While  a  soldier  in  Virginia  he  was  baptized  by 
Dr.  Burrows,  in  Richmond,  in  1864,  and  began  to 
preach  at  his  home  at  Pontchoutula,  La.,  in  1865  ; 
pastor  at  Magnolia,  Miss.,  in  1868;  subsequently 
pastor  at  Crawfordsville,  Bethesda,  and  Sharon 
churches,  in  Columbus  (Miss.)  Association;  edited 
the  Orphans^  Friend  and  preached  at  Orphan 
Asylum  at  Lauderdale,  Miss. ;  pastor  at  Sardis 
and  Batesville ;  after  the  death  of  the  lamented 
Dr.  Wilson,  he  supplied  the  Coliseum  Place  church, 
New  Orleans,  for  some  time,  and  is  at  present 
laboring  in  the  city  under  appointment  of  the 
board  of  the  Mississippi  Baptist  Convention. 

Tuckers,  The  Five  Brothers.— Eiisha  was  bom 

in  Rensselaerville,  Albany  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  24, 
1794  ;  when  twelve  years  old  he  was  baptized.  He 
was  ordained  pastor  of  the  church  at  Coventry, 
Chenango  Co.,  Aug.  19,  1818;  in  August,  1822,  he 
took  charge  of  the  church  in  Fredonia.  In  this  as 
in  the  first  field  he  labored  successfully  until  the 
outbreak  of  that  violent  epidemic  known  as  the 
anti-Masonic  agitation  in  1826.  Mr.  Tucker  was 
a  Mason,  and  he  was  a  brave  man,  who  would  not 
permit  even  Baptists  to  restrain  his  freedom.  He 
had  to  defend  himself  before  a  council,  which  ac- 
quitted him,  and  in  a  community  which  was  pre- 
judiced against  an  institution  which  he  showed  to 
be  purely  fraternal,  and  he  survived  the  excitement 
and  unkind  feeling,  and  his  reputation  outlived  that 
of  the  Masonic  wrecks  around  who  yielded  to  the 
tempest.  In  September,  1831,  he  became  pastor 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Buffalo,  and  in  Sep- 
tember, 1836,  he  entered  upon  the  pastorate  of  the 
Second  church  of  Rochester,  and  in  1841  he  took 
charge  of  the  Oliver  Street  church,  N.  Y.  In  1848 
he  removed  to  Chicago:  that  year  Madison  Uni- 
versity conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity.  In  the  spring  of  1851  he  was  compelled 
to  suspend  regular  labor,  though  his  church  would 
not  permit  him  to  resign.  He  died  Dec.  29,  1853. 
Dr.  Tucker  was  an  able,  independent,  courteous, 
devout,  and  successful  minister  of  Josus.  His 
brother  Levi  was  born  in  Broome,  Schoharie  Co., 
N.  Y.,  July  6,  1804.  He  was  converted  in  his  six- 
teenth year.  He  graduated  in  Hamilton  in  1829, 
and  soon  after  he  left  college  he  was  ordained  at 
Deposit,  N.  Y.  In  the  two  years  of  his  first  pas- 
torate he  baptized  174  persons.  In  1831  he  ac- 
cepted the  call  of  the  Blockley  church.  West  Phil- 
adelphia, Pa.,  where  he  labored  five  years.  From 
West  Philadelphia  he  removed  to  Cleveland,  0., 
and  bestowed  seven  years  of  service  upon  the  church 
in  that  city;  his  next  field  was  Buffalo,  to  which 


TUGGLE 


1173 


TUPPER 


he  gave  six  years.  In  December,  1848,  he  took 
charge  of  the  Bowiioin  Phice  church,  Boston,  with 
which  he  continiied  till  1852,  when,  unable  to  work 
for  the  Master,  he  resigned.  He  visited  Europe  for 
health,  and  on  his  return  his  disease  gained  the 
mastery  over  him,  and  he  passed  away  Aug.  20, 
1853.  In  every  pastorate  he  was  successful. 
During  his  ministry  he  baptized  784,  and  he  re- 
ceived into  his  churches  502  otherwise.  Charles 
was  born  in  Broome,  Sehohai'ie  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  April, 
1809.  He  was  converted  in  his  nineteenth  year; 
after  a  brief  union  with  the  Presbyterian  Church 
lie  adopted  Scriptural  teachings  about  baptism,  and 
was  immersed  into  the  fellowship  iif  the  church  of 
Deposit.  He  was  educated  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y., 
and  Haddington,  Pa. ;  in  1837  he  was  ordained  to 
the  pastorate  of  the  church  of  Milcsburg,  Pa. ;  two 
and  a  half  years  later  he  took  charge  of  the  church 
at  Jersey  Siiore ;  after  six  years'  laljor  he  was 
called  to  the  Tabernacle  church.  Philadelphia,  and 
in  it  he  toiled  for  the  Master  until  he  was  called 
home,  in  September,  1850. 

Anson  Tucker,  another  of  the  five  brothers  who 
were  preachers,  was  an  eloquent  and  useful  minis- 
ter. He  was  born  at  Broome,  Schoharie  Co.,  N.  Y., 
June  8, 1811.  Ilis  father,  Charles  Tucker,  who  lived 
ti^  be  eighty-four  years  of  age,  was  himself  in  his 
later  life  a  licensed  preacher.  At  the  time  of  his 
conversion,  Anson  Tucker  was  a  teacher  in  Phila- 
delphia, and  attended  upon  the  ministry  of  his 
brother,  Rev.  Levi  Tucker.  He  studied  for  the 
ministry  at  Ilaildington  College,  and  was  ordained 
in  1835.  His  pastorates  were  at  Sardinia  and  Lock- 
port,  N.  Y.,  Norwalk,  0.,  Adrian,  Mich.,  Lafayette, 
Ind.,  and  Dixon  and  Monmouth,  111.  lie  died  at 
tiie  last-named  place  April  23,  1858,  aged  forty- 
seven.  His  health  had  long  been  feeble,  yef  only 
three  days  previous  to  his  death  he  administered 
tiie  ordinance  of  baptism. 

Silas  Tucker,  D.D.,  was  born  May  16,  1813.  He 
was  baptized  in  Philadelphia  by  his  brother.  Rev. 
Levi  Tucker,  pastor  of  the  Blockley  chnrcii,  Dec. 
22,  1833,  and  in  tiie  following  year  was  licensed  to 
preach  by  the  same  church.  After  studying  one 
year  with  his  brother  he  entered  the  Hamilton 
Literary  and  Theological  Seminary,  and  studied 
tliere  in  the  regular  course  until  1837.  He  then 
accepted  a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  church  in 
Ohio  City,  now  a  part  of  Cleveland.  From  that 
time,  during  a  period  of  thirty-five  years,  he  was 
a  diligent  and  successful  minister  and  pastor,  his 
death  occurring  at  Aurora,  111.,  Nov.  7,  1872. 
Among  the  churches  which  he  served  were  Ohio 
City  and  Eiyria,  0.,  Laporte  and  Logansport,  Ind., 
Racine,  Wis.,  Naperville,  Galesburg,  and  Aurora, 
111. 

Tuggle,  Hon.  W.  0.,  a  lawyer  of  La  Grange, 
Ga.,  a  man  of  distinction  in  both  Church  and  State. 


He  was  born  in  Henry  Co.,  Ga.,  Sept.  25,  1841, 
and  settled  in  La  Grange,  Troup  Co.,  in  1852.  He 
is  a  polished  and  well-educated  gentleman.  He  left 
college  to  join  the  army  in  1861,  and  served  until 
the  close  of  the  war.  For  two  years  he  served 
under  Capt.  -John  Morgan,  and  was  with  him  in 
his  great  raids  in  Kentucky  and  Ohio,  being  citp- 
tured  twice,  and  escaping  both  times  after  one 
month's  imprisonment, — the  first  time  at  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  and  the  second  time  at  Indianapolis,  Ind.  In 
public  life,  he  was  a  Presidential  elector  in  1876. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  State  constitutional  con- 
vention in  1877,  and  a  delegate  to  the  national 
convention  in  1876  and  in  1880,  and  was  elected  to 
the  Georgia  senate  in  1868.  As  agent  for  Georgia 
he  collected,  in  1879,  from  the  general  government, 
a  forgotten  claim  of  $72,000;  and  he  is  at  present 
the  official  agent  and  attorney  of  the  Creek  Nation 
in  the  Indian  Territory. 

He  professed  conversion  and  was  baptized  at  the 
age  of  fifteen,  joining  the  church  at  Rome  in  1856. 
lie  has  been  a  Sunday-school  superintendent  for 
sixteen  years  ;  for  three  years  he  was  the  secretary 
of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention  ;  and  he  is  a 
member  of  the  board  of  trustees  for  Mercer  Uni- 
versity. 

Mr.  Tuggle  is  just  forty,  and  in  the  prime  of 
life;  he  has  a  fine  intellect  and  extensive  literary 
acquirements. 

Tunkers,  that  is.  Dippers. — See  German  Bap- 
tists. 

Tupper,  Charles,  D.D.,  the  father  of  Sir  Chas. 
Tu|)per,  ^linister  of  Public  Works,  Canada,  was 
born  in  Cornwallis,  Nova  Scotia,  Aug.  6,  1794  ; 
converted  Feb.  17,  1815;  baptized  by  Rev.  Ed- 
ward Manning,  May  14,  1815  ;  commenced  preach- 
ing March  24,  1816;  oi-dained  at  Cornwallis,  July 
17,  1817  ;  was  successively  pastor  at  Amiierst, 
Nova  Scotia,  St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  and  Tryon 
and  Bedeque,  Prince  Edward  Island,  and  Ayles- 
ford  and  Upper  Wilmot,  till  1870,  fifty-three  years 
in  all  ;  in  his  useful  ministerial  and  missionary 
work  he  traveled  175,206  miles,  preached  8147  ser- 
mons, and  baptized  565  persons  ;  lias  taught  him- 
self to  read  the  Scriptures  in  Latin,  Greek,  Helirew, 
Syriac,  French,  German,  etc. ;  was  editor  of  tlie 
Baptist  Magazine,  and  secretary  to  the  Foreign 
Missionary  Board ;  published  "  Vindication  of 
Baptist  Principles,"  and  he  has  written  volumi- 
nously for  the  religious  press.  Dr.  Tupper  pos- 
sesses the  highest  character  for  fidelity,  piety,  and 
prudence  ;  he  is  now  in  the  eighty-seventh  year  of 
his  age. 

Tupper,  Henry  Allen,  D.D.,  was   bom    in 

Charleston,  S.  C.  Felj.  29.  IS2S.  His  early  edu- 
cation was  directed  by  Dr.  Dyer  Ball,  for  many 
years  a  missionary  in  the  East,  with  whose  daugh- 
ters, afterwards  Mrs.   French   and    Mrs.   Hopper, 


TUPPER 


1174 


TUPPER 


distinguished  scholars  in  the  Chinese  langunfje,  he 
had  the  pleasure  of  yiursuing  his  studies.  He  was 
baptized  by  Dr.  R.  Fuller  in  184G  ;  pursued  his 
studies  for  a  while  in  Charleston  College,  and  then 
entered  Madison  University,  from  which  he  grad- 
uated in  1848,  and  from  the.  theological  seminary' 
in  1850.  All  Dr.  Tupper's  previous  training  and 
associations  led  him  to  desire  to  labor  in  the  foreign 
missionary   field,   but  providential    circumstances 


HENRY    ALLEN    TUPPER,  D.D. 

seemed  to  prevent  its  fulfillment.  For  three  years 
he  was  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Graniteville, 
S.  C,  and  he  removed  thence  to  assume  the  pas- 
toi'ate  of  the  church  in  Washington,  Ga.,  where  he 
was  eminently  successful  in  his  labors.  Repeated 
ofi'ers  of  professorships,  ^secretaryships,  and  other 
pastorates  failed  to  remove  him  from  this  field  of 
labor,  where  he  remained  for  nearly  twenty  years. 
Dr.  Tupper  at  one  time  proposed  to  become  liead 
of  a  Christian  colony  to  Japan,  but  the  plan  prov- 
ing unsuccessful,  he  supported,  at  his  own  expense, 
a  missionary  among  our  own  Indians,  and  also  one 
in  Africa,  while  at  the  same  time  he  devoted  much 
of  his  time  to  the  spiritual  welfare  of  the  colored 
population  in  his  own  neighborhood.  For  many 
years  he  preached  every  Sunday  afternoon  exclu- 
sively to  the  children,  and  published  many  sermons 
for  tbem.  During  the  war  he  served  as  chaplain  of 
the  9th  Georgia  Regiment  of  the  Confederate  army. 
On  the  death  of  Dr.  J.  B.  Taylor,  who  had  been 
the  corresjionding  secretary  of  the  Foreign  Mis- 
sionary Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention 
from  its  origin,  Dr.  Tupper  was  invited  to  become 


his  successor,  and,  being  peculiarly  fitted  for  that 
responsible  position,  he  accepted  it.  He  entered 
upon  his  duties  in  1872,  and  his  labors  have  been 
abundantly  blessed.  A  new  interest  in  missions 
has  been  quickened,  and  the  contributions  enlarged. 
Dr.  Tupper  has  been  an  ardent  friend  of  educa- 
tion. He  was  a  trustee  of  Mercer  University. 
Ga.,  and  of  the  Baptist  Theological  Seminary. 
Greenville,  S.  C.  He  is  now  a  trustee  of  Richmond 
College,  and  also  of  those  two.  excellent  institutions 
for  young  ladies,  Ilollins  Institute  and  Ricliniond 
Institute.  He  has  contributed  also  to  the  literature 
of  the  denomination,  having  published  sundry  ser- 
mons delivered  before  education  societies,  '"The 
First  Century  of  the  First  Baptist  Church  of  Rich- 
mond, Va.,''  and,  at  the  request  of  the  Southern 
Baptist  Convention,  a  work  entitled  "Foreign  Mis- 
sions of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention."  In 
1852  Madison  University  conferred  on  him  the  de- 
gree of  A.M.  in  course,  and  in  1870  the  honorary 
degree  of  D.D.  In  1855  he  visited  Europe.  Dr. 
Tupper's  wife  is  a  sister  of  Rev.  Dr.  Boyce,  of  the 
seminary  at  Louisville,  and  it  may  interest  his 
friends  to  know  that  the  English  poet  Tupper  is  a 
relative  of  his.  One  who  knew  him  well  has  said, 
"  Dr.  Tupper  is  essentially  a  missionary  man, 
whom  circumstances  alone  prevented  from  going  to 
the  missionary  field.  Personally,  he  is  one  of  the 
most  liberal  of  men,  and  before  the  war,  when 
quite  wealthy,  he  conU-ibuted  thousands  annually 
to  the  missionai-y  cause.'' 

Tupper,  James,  Esq.,  was  born  in  Charleston, 
S.  C,  Dec.  9, 1819,  and  died  at  Summerville,  about 
twenty  miles  from  Charleston,  Aug.  28,  1868.  He 
united  with  the  First  Baptist  church  when  about 
sixteen,  and  was  licensed  to  preach  a  few  years 
later,  but  never  was  ordained,  preferring  to  be  a 
lay  preacher  and  deacon. 

At  about  twenty-one  he  was  admitted  to  practise 
law.'  He  was  soon  after  elected  to  the  Legislature, 
and  was  chosen  by  that  body  a  master  in  equity. 
He  held  this  office  Avith  great  honor  to  himself  and 
advantage  to  the  public  to  the  time  of  his  death. 
For  several  years  he  also  held  the  important  post 
of  State  auditor.  No  public  officer  ever  gave  more 
uniform  satisfaction. 

Had  you  seen  him  in  the  court-room  you  would 
have  thought  his  head  and  heart  were  wholly  de- 
voted to  the  law.  Had  you  heard  him  addressing 
his  brethren  in  the  prayer-meeting,  from  which  he 
was  never  absent,  or  the  children  in  the  Sunday- 
school,  of  which  he  was  tiie  superintendent,  you 
would  have  known  that  he  had  "determined  to 
know  nothing  save  Jesus  Christ  and  him  cruci- 
fied." His  evangelical  and  cheerful  spirit  spread 
as  if  by  contagion  and  pervaded  all  present, 
whether  in  a  social  circle  or  in  a  large  assembly. 
One  of  his    noblest   characteristics  was  his  deep 


TURN  BULL 


1175 


TURNER 


interest  in  children  and  young  people,  and  few 
have  had  a  greater  or  happier  influence  over  tlieiii. 
Such  was  James  Tupper.  "  Not  slothful  in  busi- 
ness, fervent  in  spirit,  serving  the  Lord." 

It  is  true  in  a  far  wider  sense  than  that  in  whicii 
the  poet  used  the  words,  that  "  The  evil  that  men 


JAMES    TllTER,  ESQ. 

do  lives  after  them."  So,  too,  the  good  that  the 
departed  did  will  long  survive  him  in  his  native 
city,  and  eternity  alone  can  fully  disclose  it. 
"  Blessed  are  the  dead  who  die  in  the  Lord  !'" 

Turnbull,  Robert,  D.D.,  was  horn  of  Presby- 
terian parentage,  in  Whiteburn,  Linlithgowshire, 
Scotland,  Sept.  10,  1809 ;  religiously  educated; 
graduated  at  Glasgow  University ;  attended  the 
theological  lectures  of  Chalmers  at  Edinburgh  ; 
wiiile  thus  preparing  for  the  ministry,  by  a  study 
of  the  Bible  he  became  a  Baptist ;  preached  a 
year  and  a  half  in  Westmancotte,  Worcester- 
shire, England  ;  in  1833,  at  the  age  of  twenty-four, 
came  to  America ;  settled  with  the  Second  Bap- 
tist church  in  Danbury,  Conn. ;  after  two  years 
was  called  to  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Detroit, 
Mich.  ;  two  years  later  became  pastor  of  the  South 
Baptist  church  in  Hartford,  Conn. ;  always  pros- 
pered in  his  work  ;  in  1839  settled  with  the  Harvard 
Street  church,  Boston,  Mass. ;  made  a  tour  abroad  ; 
a  ready  writer;  in  July,  1845,  returned  to  Hart- 
ford, Conn.,  and  settled  with  the  First  Baptist 
church,  and  remained  for  about  twenty-four  years  ; 
here,  as  always,  greatly  l)lessed  with  revivals  and 
church  progress;  on  leaving  the  pastorate,  in  1869, 
labored  in  various  places,  and  with  marked  success 


in  New  Haven,  leading  to  the  formation  of  the 
Calvary  Baptist  church,  and  also  at  Ansonia;  in 
1872  was  chosen  to  the  secretaryship  of  the  Con- 
necticut Baptist  State  Convention,  and  successfully 
superintended  its  work  ;  was  a  vigorous,  eloquent 
preacher ;  a  broad  and  thorough  scholar ;  an  easy, 
graceful,  prolific  writer  ;  among  his  published 
works  are  "  The  Genius  of  Scotland,"  "  The  Genius 
of  Italy,"  '■  OlympiaMorenta,"  "  Claims  of  Jesus,"" 
"  Theophany,  or  Manifestation  of  God  in  Christ," 
containing  a  review  of  Dr.  Buslinell's  work.  "The 
Pulpit  Orators  of  France  and  Switzerland,'"  "The 
Student  Preacher,"  ''The  AVorld  we  Live  In,"' 
"Christ  in  History,"  and  "Life-Pictures,  or 
Sketches  from  a  Pastor's  Note-Book  ;"'  also  wrote 
articles  for  the  Christian  Review,  of  which  he  was 
the  joint  editor  for  a  time  with  Dr.  J.  N.  Mur- 
dock ;  wrote  much  for  the  Christian  Secretary; 
toiled  for  missions  and  for  education  ;  gifted,  stu- 
dious, devout,  genial,  progressive,  persevering,  be- 
nevolent, eloquent,  full  of  love  and  faith  ;  died  in 
Christian  triumph  at  Hartford,  Conn.,  Nov.  2tl. 
1877,  aged  sixty-eight;  deeply  mourned  by  the 
State  and  by  all  the  Baptists  of  our  country. 

Turner,  Prof.  J.  A,,  was  bom  in  Greensville 
Co.,  Va.,  Aug.  6,  1839.  He  entered  Kichmond 
College  in  1856.  and  graduated  as  Bachelor  of 
Arts  in  1858,  with  the  highest  honors.  In  1858 
he  matriculated  at  the  University  of  Virginia,  and 
received  his  diploma  as  Master  of  Arts  in  that  in- 
stitution ill  1860.  At  the  opening  of  the  war  Prof. 
Turner  was  offered  the  position  of  major,  but  de- 
clined the  honor  in  order  to  share  with  a  cherished 
companion  the  duties  of  a  private  position.  Sub- 
sequently, however,  he  served  as  sergeant-major, 
and  also  as  an  officer  of  ordnance.  He  was  a  very 
active  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  rising 
rapidly  through  its  various  grades,  and  it  was 
while  attending  a  meeting  of  this  body  in  Rich- 
mond that  he  took  a  severe  cold,  which  resulted  in 
his  death.  In  1861  he  took  charge  of  the  Mos.sy 
Creek  Academy.  Augusta  Co.,  Va.,  which  position 
he  left  to  join  the  army.  During  the  winter  of 
1863-64  he  was  engaged  in  teaching  in  the  Roanoke 
Female  College,  Danville,  Va.,  and  subsequently 
he  had  charge  of  a  school  in  Surry  Co.,  Va.  In 
1867  he  was  invited  to  take  charge  of  the  chair  of 
Latin  and  Modern  Languages  in  Ilollins  Institute, 
Botetourt  Springs,  Va.,  which  position  he  ex- 
changed, in  1869,  for  that  of  the  English  and  Mod- 
ern Languages.  Prof.  Turner's  health  continuing 
gradually  to  decline,  and  his  voice  failing,  he  de- 
cided, at  the  earnest  solicitation  of  friends,  to 
spend  the  winter  of  1877-78  in  Florida.  He  did 
so,  but  found  no  relief,  and,  returning  to  spend  his 
last  hours  with  his  family,  ho  died  May  5,  1878. 

As  an  instructor,  Prof.  Turner  was  active  and 
enthusiastic,  interesting  in  an  unusual  degree  those 


TURNER 


1176 


TURKEY 


committed  to  his  care,  and  so  prompt  in  meetina; 
all  his  engagements,  in  official  and  private  life, 
that  the  students  playfully  named  him  their  "  time- 
piece." As  an  author  and  writer  for  prominent 
literary  and  religious  journals,  he  was  very  favor- 
ably known.  In  1875  he  publi^ied  a  valuable  lit- 
tle treatise  on  the  principles  of  punctuation,  in 
which  he  has  based  his  rules,  in  every  case,  upon 
the  laws  of  grammatical  analysis.  lie  had  in 
course  of  preparation  several  other  small  works  on 
versification,  on  poetry,  and  on  figures  of  speech, 
also  lectures  on  general  philology,  English  phi- 
lology, French  grammar,  and  on  English  litera- 
ture. He  was  also  a  frequent  contributor  to  The 
Nation  and  Appleton's  Journal,  New  York,  and 
to  the  Atlantic  Monthly  and  the  Literary  World,  of 
Boston. 

Prof.  Turner  was  baptized  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Jeter 
while  still  a  student  at  Richmond  College,  and  he 
became  a  most  efficient  and  industrious  Christian 
worker.  As  deacon,  superintendent  of  the  Sunday- 
school,  leader  in  the  prayer-meeting,  moderator  of 
Associational  meetings,  lecturer  before  the  Minis- 
ters', Deacons',  and  Sunday-School  Institute,  in 
which  he  was  so  often  requested  to  discuss  doc- 
trinal questions  and  present  exegeses  of  obscure 
Biblical  passages,  he  was  recognized  as  the  finished 
scholar,  the  learned  Bible  student,  and  the  de- 
voted Christian.  Many  of  the  various  papers  pre- 
pared by  him  were  corvsidered  of  so  much  value  as 
to  be  requested  for  publication  in  pamphlet  form 
for  general  circulation. 

Prof.  Turner's  second  wife  was  the  daughter  of 
Prof.  Cocke,  of  HoUins  Institute,  a  lady  of  culture, 
who  shared  his  labors  as  instructor  in  that  excel- 
lent institution,  and  who,  with  three  children,  sur- 
vives iiim. 

Turner,  Gov.  Thomas,  chief  magistrate    of 

Riiode  Island,  was  born  in  AVarren,  R.  I.,  Oct.  24, 
1-810.  Early  in  life  he  engaged  in  business  pur- 
suits, becoming  a  merchfxnt  in  his  native  place,  and 
meeting  with  deserved  success  in  his  vocation. 
After  several  years  of  mercantile  life,  he  retired 
from  business,  and  accepted  t^ie  presidency  of  an 
extensive  insurance  company.  He  retained  this 
position  during  the  remainder  of  his  life.  He  held 
various  offices  of  trust  in  banking  and  railroad  and 
.  manufacturing  corporations,  and  was  frequently 
chosen  to  represent  his  native  town  in  the  General 
Assembly  of  the  State.  From  1857  to  1859  he  was 
lieutenant-governor  of  the  State,  and  the  two  years 
following  he  was  governor.  President  Lincoln  ap- 
pointed iiim  first  collector  of  the  internal  revenue 
of  the  first  district  of  Rhode  Island.  The  duties 
of  the  many  offices  whicii  he  held  were  discharged 
with  fidelity  and  without  ostentation.  Gov.  Tur- 
ner was  a  subject  of  the  great  revival  of  1857-58, 
and  united  with  the  Baptist  church   in  Warren, 


one  of  the  old,  historic  churches  of  the  State.  In 
all  measures  .tending  to  promote  the  prosperity  of 
the  denomination  he  took  a  deep  interest.     He  was 


GOV.  THOMAS    TCRXER. 

for  some  time  a  member  of  the  board  of  the  Mis- 
sionary Union.  In  1862  he  was  chosen  a  trustee 
of  Brown  University,  and  continued  in  office  until 
his  death,  which  took  place  at  Warren,  Jan.  3, 
1875. 

Turner,  Rev.  Wm.,  was  born  in  Davidson  Co., 
N.  C,  June  23,  1816;  baptized  by  Josiah  Wise- 
man. May  4,  1834;  began  to  preach  in  1840;  was 
ordained  in  1844.  His  ministerial  labors  have 
been  in  the  counties  of  Davidson,  Davie,  Yadkin, 
Foryythe,  and  Guilford,  and  they  have  been  emi- 
nently successful.  He  has  been  moderator  of  the 
Liberty  Association  for  fifteen  years,  nnd  pastor 
of  Jersey  church  for  thirty  j-ears.  He  is  still  an 
active  and  useful  preacher  of  the  gospel. 

Turney,  Edmund,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Easton, 
Conn.,  May  6,  1816;  was  educated  at  Hamilton; 
was  pastor  of  the  South  church,  Hartford,  Conn., 
and  in  Granville,  and  of  the  Broad  Street  church 
in  Utica,  N.  Y.  In  1850  he  was  appointed  Profes- 
sor'*of  Biblical  Criticism  in  the  seminary,  Hamil- 
ton. From  1853  he  was  five  j'ears  professor  in  Fair- 
mount  Theological  Seminary,  0.  In  1865  he  began 
the  first  organized  cfl'ort  for  the  education  of  col- 
ored teachers  and  preachers  in  Washington,  D.  C. 
No  society  encouraged  him  to  commence  a  work 
upon  which  the  richest  blessings  rested.  How 
nobly  he  toiled  in  that  field,  with  no  assured  sup- 
port, and   sometimes,  we  fear,  with  want  threat- 


TURPIN 


1177 


TUSTIN 


ening  him,  tlie  writer  and  a  few  others  know.  He 
seemed  inspired  with  tiic  conviction  that  God  had 
specially  intrusted  this  great  business  to  hiin,  and 
nothing  could  change  his  impressions  of  duty.  He 
would  have  suffered  martyrdom  while  swayed  by 
this  holy  ])urposc  rather  tlian  show  recreancy  to 
the  will  of  heaven.  Dr.  Turncy  was  conscientious 
to  a  fault.  He  had  genius  of  a  high  order,  and  iiis 
heart  was  tiie  throne  of  .Jesus.  He  died  Sept.  28, 
187-J. 

Dr.  Turney  published  several  works  on  Christian 
baptism  and  three  volumes  of  |)oetry. 

Turpin,  Dr.  William  Henry,  a  prominent  dea- 
con of  great  moral  worth,  who  was,  for  many  years, 
a  member  of  the  Augusta  church,  was  born  in  the 
vicinity  of  Richmond,  Va.,  in  March,  1790.  At 
fifteen  years  of  age  he  removed  to  Augusta,  Ga., 
and,  entering  into  mercantile  business,  succeeded  in 
amassing  a  largo  fortune.  In  1816  he  married 
Miss  Mary  Ann  D'Antigtiac,  and  in  1824  he  was 
converted  under  the  preaching  of  the  elder  Brantly, 
and  made  a  profession  of  faith  in  Christ.  He  united 
with  the  Baptist  church  at  Augusta,  of  which  he 
remained  a  most  useful  and  conscientious  member 
until  his  death  in  18()f5,  being  for  nearly  forty  years 
a  deacon  of  the  church. 

It  may  be  said  of  Dr.  Turpin  that  he  rendered 
the  Augusta  church  more  essential  service  than 
any  other  of  its  members,  unconnected  with  the 
ministry,  since  the  church  was  founded.  "With  his 
ample  means  he  was  always  ready  to  make  good 
any  deficiency  in  the  salaries  of  the  pastors,  and 
in  the  other  expenses  incidental  to  the  maintenance 
of  worship.  His  business  capacity  and  excellence 
of  judgment  were  of  incalculable  benefit  to  the 
church;  and  his  wisdom  in  council,  united  with  his 
politeness  and  courtesy  of  demeanor,  and  his  hu- 
mility and  peace-loving  disposition,  always  exercised 
a  beneficial  influence  in  the  church  conferences 
and  over  the  members. 

New  members  were  attracted  to  the  church  by 
the  simple  fact  of  his  connection  with  it.  His 
character  as  a  Christian  and  a  gentleman  of  the 
utmost  integrity  and  honor  stood  out  in  such  bold 
relief  that  the  chureli  itself  was  benefited  by  it  in 
the  eyes  of  the  community. 

He  was  ready  to  aid  every  good  cause,  and  no 
application  to  him  for  any  such  cause  ever  failed 
to  meet  a  favorable  response.  He  was  one  of  the 
earliest  and  largest  contributors  towards  fiercer 
University,  and  it  was  his  habitual  custom  to  send 
$200  to  each  of  the  boards  of  the  Southern  Baptist 
Convention  on  the  first  day  of  every  year.  His 
house  vfas  the  centre  of  an  extensive  and  generous 
hospitality,  and  Luther  Rice  used  to  visit  him  every 
year,  and  was  accustomed  to  speak  of  Dr.  Turpin's 
house  as  his  Georgia  home. 

With  much  that  was  calculated  to  make  a  man 
75 


proud, — wealth,  position  in  society,  hosts  of  friends 
and  admirers, — Dr.  Turpin  was  utterly  unassum- 
ing; his  humility  was  most  unaffected.  But  the 
crowning  excellence  and  chief  glory  of  his  Chris- 
tian character  was  his  unwavering  trust  in  God. 
When  grief  rent  his  bosom, — and  he  had  some  of 
the  severest  kind, — and  when  the  desolations  of  war 
threatened  his  home  and  his  fortune,  liis  comfort 
was  that  God  was  king,  and  that  all  things  were 
working  together  for  the  good  of  those  who  love 
him. 

God  allowed  this  bright  light  to  shine  for  many 
years.  Rev.  James  E.  Welch  said,  "  1  have  been 
traveling  all  over  this  country  constantly  for  the 
past  twenty  years,  and  1  know  multitudes  of  people, 
but  I  have  seen  but  one  Wm.  II.  Turpin.''  In  1860 
an  asthmatic  affection  rendered  Dr.  Turpin  more 
and  more  feeble,  and  it  became  apparent  to  himself 
and  family  that  he  could  not  rally.  Calmly,  cheer- 
fully, sublimely  he  accepted  the  situation,  and  as 
the  end  drew  nigh,  in  full  possession  of  all  his 
mental  faculties,  he  sent  farewells  and  benedictions 
to  the  absent,  and  then  resigned  himself  to  the 
sleep  of  the  Christian,  like  one 

"Who  wraps  the  drai)ery  of  liis  couch  about  him 
And  lies  down  tu  pleasant  drwims." 

Tustin,  Rev.  Francis  Wayland,  Ph.D.,  Pro- 
fessor of  the  Greek  Language  and  Literature 
in  the  university  at  Lewisburg,  Pa.,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  in  1834.  His  early  education  was  re- 
ceived in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  city.  In 
1850  he  entered  the  academy  at  Lewisburg,  and 
graduated  from  the  university  in  1856,  with  the 
highest  honors  of  his  class. 

In  1857  he  was  made  tutor  in  the  college,  being 
the  fii'st  alumnus  of  the  university  in  its  faculty. 
In  1860,  there  being  a  vacancy  in  the  department 
of  Natural  Sciences,  caused  by  the  accession  of 
Dr.  Looinis  to  the  presidency,  Prof.  Tustin  was 
elected  to  fill  the  chair.  This  position  he  held  for 
fourteen  years,  and  in  the  language  of  Dr.  Loomis, 
"  made  the  department  of  Natural  Sciences  in  the 
university."  Although  his  principal  work  in  these 
years  was  in  his  own  department,  yet  he  was 
known  as  a  fine  classical  scholar,  and  frequently 
assisted  Prof.  Bliss  in  the  Greek  and  Latin  classes. 
In  1874,  his  eyesight  becoming  seriously  affected 
by  the  chemical  fumes  of  the  laboratory,  he  was 
obliged  to  relinquish  tiie  department  of  Natural 
Sciences.  At  that  time,  Dr.  Bliss  having  accepted 
the  chair  of  Biblical  Interpretation  in  Crozer  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  and  the  trustees  wishing  to  re- 
tain Prof.  Tustin's  services,  he  was  elected  to  the 
chair  of  the  Greek  Language  and  Literature,  which 
position  he  has  since  so  worthily  filled.  During 
the  absence  of  Dr.  Loomis  in  Europe  for  the  greater 
part  of  the  college  year.  Prof.  Tustin  acted  as  presi- 
dent of  the  university,  and  presided  at  the  com- 


TUTT 


1178 


TYREE 


mencement  of  1879.  His  administration  won  the 
praise  and  gratitude  of  all  connected  with  the  uni- 
versity. In  1879  ills  fellow-members  of  the  faculty 
and  the  curators  conferred  upon  him  the  degree 


PROF.    FRANCIS  WAYI.AXD  Tl'STIX,   PH.D. 

of  Doctor  of  Philosophy.  In  1866,  by  a  council 
called  by  the  First  Baptist- church  of  Lewisburg, 
he  was  ordained  to  the  gospel  ministry.  In  addi- 
tion to  his  other  labors  he  has,  for  more  than 
twenty  years,  managed  the  finances  of  the  Baptist 
church,  and  was  largely  instrumental  in  the  erec- 
tion of  their  handsome  church  edifice.  During 
these  years  Prof.  Tustin  has  had  several  offers  to 
other  positions,  which  he.  has  declined.  His  life 
has  been  given  to  the  building  up  of  the  univer- 
sity and  the  Baptist  cause  in  Lewisburg.  Prof. 
Tustin  has  great  ability  and  fine  scholarship,  and 
he  has  rendered  valuable  services  to  the  Baptists 
of  Pennsylvania. 

Tutt,  Rev.  B.  G.,  was  born  in  Cooper  Co.,  IMo., 
Feb.  11,  1839;  professed  faith  in  Christ  and  united 
with  the  church  at  Liberty,  Mo.,  while  at  William 
Jewell  College,  in  1854,  and  was  baptized  by  Dr. 
E.  S.  Dulin;  attended  AVestminster  College,  at 
Fulton,  Mo.,  in  1857  ;  was  ordained  to  the  work 
of  the  gospel  ministry  in  1869  ;  was  called  to  the 
pastorate  of  the  Concord  Baptist  church  in  De- 
cember, 1860,  and  continued  in  that  relation  until 
January,  1876,  in  the  mean  time  preaching  at  in- 
tervals to  Mount  Nebo  church,  in  the  same  county. 

The  result  of  fifteen  years'  labor  at  Concord  was, 
first,  the  gathering  of  a  large  ^nd  influential  mem- 
bership ;  second,  the  building  up  of  a  flourishing 


and  effective  Sunday-school :  third,  the  erection  of 
a  copifortable,  and  commodious  house  of  worship, 
which  was  dedicated  without  a  dollar's  indebted- 
ness ;  fourth,  bringing  the  membership  into  hearty 
and  intelligent  co-operation  with  the  benevolent  en- 
terprises of  the  denomination. 

In  April,  1876,  he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  at 
Marshall,  Mo.,  in  which  field  the  labors  of  four 
years  have  developed  some  very  encouraging 
features. 

Twiss,  Rev.  J.  S.,  settled  in  Ann  Arbor  in 
1830  ;  was  from  Sennett,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  preacher 
of  noted  strength  and  vivacity,  and  a  man  of  the 
highest  moral  integrity  and  Christian  probity. 
He  was  intelligent  and  fearless  in  the  performance 
of  duty,  he  hated  oppression  and  everything  which 
degrades  man.  His  righteous  and  intense  senti- 
ments often  took  forms  of  expression  which  were 
never  forgotten.  His  powers  of  debate  and  his 
natural  delivery  made  him  noted  as  a  speaker, 
while  in  conversation  few  cared  to  meet  the  sharp- 
ness of  his  lance.     Ilis  death  occurred  in  1857. 

Tyler,  Rev.  Mansfield,  is  about  fifty-five  years 
old;  a  slave  before  the  war  ;  limited  opportunities: 
a  man  of  strong  natural  ability,  of  firm,  Christian 
character,  fine  sense,  well  instructed  in  the  Scrip- 
tures, gifted  in  natural  eloquence,  held  in  high 
estimation  by  whites  and  blacks  ;  a  man  of  great 
prudence.  He  has  for  several  years  been  president 
of  the  Colored  Baptist  Convention  of  Alabama, 
and  is  a  good  presiding  ofiicer.  He  resides  at 
Lowndesborough. 

Tynes,  Rev.  W.  E.,  pastor  at  Canton,  Miss.,  of 
which  State  he  is  a  native,  was  born  in  1848. 
After  receiving  a  good  academic  education  he  com- 
menced the  practice  of  law;  in  1871  began  to 
preach,  and  became  pastor  at  Osyka.  Miss. :  thence 
at  Jackson,  La.,  and  Baton  Rouge.  He  returned 
to  Mississippi  in  1876.  He  was  an  evangelist  in 
Southern  Mississippi  and  in  Eastern  Louisiana 
one  year  ;  then  two  years  pastor  at  Summit,  Miss. 
In  1878  he  was  called  to  his  present  field. 

Tyree,  Cornelius,  D.D.,  was  born  Sept.  14, 
1814,  in  Amherst  Co.,  Ya.  He  united  with  the 
Mount  JMoriah  church  in  1832.  although  strongly 
persuaded  by  his  family  and  friends,  all  ardent 
Methodists,  to  join  the  Methodist  Church.  After 
receiving  an  excellent  training  in  the  schools  of 
the  neighborhood,  he  was  a  teacher  for  two  years 
near  Lynchburg.  In  the  f\\ll  of  1837  he  was  li- 
censed to  preach  by  the  Lynchburg  church,  and 
sent  to  William  and  Mary  College.  In  the  fall  of 
1838  he  entered  the  Columbian  College,  and  pur- 
sued the  partial  course.  In  1839  he  was  appointed 
by  the  General  Association  missionary  for  the 
counties  of  Greenbrier  and  Monroe,  where  his 
lal)ors  were  greatly  blessed.  He  was  ordained  in 
September,  1839,  at  Amwell  church,  Fayette  Co. 


UNDERWOOD 


1179 


UNIFORMITY 


In  the  latter  part  of  this  year  he  was  transferred 
to  Kockbridge  County  as  missionary.  In  184U,  under 
his  ministry,  two  new  churches  were  organized, 
one  at  Lexington  and  one  at  Cow  Pasture  Bridge, 
Va.,  of  which  churches  he  remained  pastor  live 
years.  Here  Dr.  Tyree  baptized  Prof.  G.  E.  Dab- 
ney  and  many  of  the  students  of  the  Military  In- 
stitute of  Lexington.  In  1845  he  succeeded  Rev. 
Jesse  Witt  as  pastor  of  the  churches  in  Powhatan 
County,  with  two  of  which  he  remained  twenty- 
seven  years.  While  with  these  churches  he  also 
preached  extensively  within  and  without  the  State 
as  an  evangelist,  and  in  the  meetings  in  which  he 
participated  not  less  than  3UU0  were  iiopefully  con- 
verted. Dr.  Tyree  has  been  busy  with  his  pen 
also,  although  his  pastoral  and  evangelistic  labors 
have  been  so  pressing.    In  1858,  Sheldon  &  Blake- 


man  published  his  ''  The;  Living  Epistle,"  with  an 
introduction  Ity  I)r.  II.  Fuller.  A  number  of  his 
sermons  have  been  published  in  the  Baptist  Preacher 
and  in  the  Religious  Herald.  A  valuable  little 
tract  on  "  Baptism  and  Restricted  Communion" 
has  also  been  widely  circulated.  Dr.  Tyree  has 
also  prepared  a  small  work,  "  Believe  and  Live," 
and  a  volume  of  quickening  sermons  preached  at 
protracted  meetings,  both  which  he  hopes  soon  to 
publish.  Some  of  these  sermons  have  been  greatly 
blessed  in  the  conversion  of  souls.  In  the  spring 
of  1872  ho  removed  to  Bedford  Co.,  Va.,  and  be- 
came pastor  of  the  Liberty  church,  one  of  the  most 
thriving  bodies  in  the  State.  Dr.  Tyree  has  been 
eminently  successful  in  his  labors.  In  1869  the 
Columbian  College  conferred  upon  him  the  degree 
df  D.D. 


U. 


Underwood,  Rev.  Enoch  Downs,  pastor  of 

the  Baptist  church  at  Wauwatosa,  AVis.,  and  the 
oldest  settled  minister  in  the  State,  was  born  in 
Monongahela  Co.,  "\'a.,  in  1S17.  AVhen  a  boy  of 
seven  years  he  came  with  his  father's  family  to 
Vermilion  Co.,  111.,  and  at  nineteen  he  removed 
again  with  his  father  and  family  to  Milwaukee 
Co.,  Wis.,  where  he  has  since  resided.  Mr.  Under- 
wood obtained  a  hope  in  Christ  after  he  reached 
manhood,  and  united  with  the  Baptist  Church.  In 
1845  he  took  an  active  part  in  forming  the  Baptist 
church  in  Wauwatosa,  of  which  he  was  a  constituent 
member.  This  church  licensed  him  to  preach,  and 
in  1849  called  him  to  the  pastorate  and  ordained 
him  to  the  work  of  the  ministry. 

Mr.  Underwood  has  never  been  connected  with 
any  otiier  church  either  as  member  or  minister.  His 
pastorate  has  been  continued  for  thirty-one  yesirs. 
He  is  finely  balanced  intellectually  and  spiritually, 
and  it  would  be  difficult  to  determine  to  which  he 
is  most  indebted  for  his  power  as  preacher,  his  at- 
tainments or  his  natural  abilities.  He  has  achieved 
the  rare  art  of  making  the  most  of  each.  lie  de- 
livers his  messages  to  his  flock  in  the  plain  and 
easily  understood  language  of  the  people,  but  with  j 
great  analytical  power  and  logical  force.  His  hear- 
ers are  always  sure  to  have  the  gospel  purely,  sim- 
ply, and  strongly  declared  to  them.  He  preaches 
Jesus.  By  his  gentle  and  kind  spirit,  breathing 
in  all  his  utterances  the  peace  and  love  of  the  gos- 
pel, he  has  won  the  confidence  and  affection  of  the 


nainisters  and  churches  of  the  State.  He  has  fre- 
quently been  called  to  preside  over  the  Association 
of  which  he  is  a  member,  and  for  many  years  has 
been  a  trusted  member  of  the  board  of  the  Con- 
vention. 

Underwood,  Rev.  John  Levi,  as  a  preacher,  is 

clear,  animated,  bold,  earnest,  and  tender,  show- 
ing much  independence  and  freshness  of  thought. 
As  a  pastor,  he  is  faithful,  laborious,  and  sym- 
pathetic, making  himself  beloved  by  his  people. 
As  a  man,  he  is  friendly  and  warm-hearted.  He 
was  born  in  Alabama,  March  27,  1836,  of  Pres- 
byterian parents  ;  graduated  at  Oglethorpe  Uni- 
versity, Ga.,  in  1857,  with  the  highest  honors  of 
his  class  ;  was  converted  and  joined  the  church  in 
1857  ;  studied  theology  two  years  at  the  Colum- 
bia, S.  C,  Theological  Seminary ;  studied  one 
year  at  Berlin  and  Heidelberg,  Germany  ;  spent 
eight  months  at  Paris,  France,  then  came  home  and 
joined  the  Confederate  army  as  a  private,  after 
being  ordained  to  the  ministry.  He  became  a 
chaplain  in  18()2,  but  resigned  on  account  of  bad 
health  in  1S63.  Since  the  war  he  has  been  teach- 
ing, preaching,  and  farming.  He  has  a  pleasant 
home  near  Camilla,  Ga.  He  has  had  charge  of  the 
churches  at  Bainbridge  and  Cuthbert,  Ga.,  but  now 
serves  the  church  at  Camilla,  and  also  those  at 
Evergreen  and  Cairo,  in  the  same  neighborhood. 

Uniformity,  Act  of. — When  Charles  II.  was 
restored  to  the  throne  of  England  the  National 
Church  had  few  Episcopal  clergymen  worshiping 


UNIFORMITY 


1180 


UNION 


at  her  altars.  More  than  7000  of  her  ministers 
had  taken  the  Solemn  League  and  Covenant.  The 
forms  of  worship  differed  considerably.  But  after 
the  Restoration  the  tyrannical  men  who  ruled 
Church  and  State  were  determined  to  drive  from 
the  Anglican  Establishment  every  man  who  would 
not  conform  to  e.xtreme  Episcopaliani.sm. 

The  Act  of  Uniformity,  which  received  the  royal 
assent  April  19,  1662,  required  all  clergymen  to 
profess  before  their  congregations  "  their  unfeigned 
assent  and  consent  to  the  use  of  all  things  in  the 
Book  of  Common  Prayer,  and  prescribed  by  it, 
and  to  the  form  or  manner  of  making,  ordaining, 
and  consecrating  bishops,  priests,  and  deacons." 

All  persons  "  holding  any  office  in  any  way  con- 
nected with  the  church,"  and  every  teacher  of  a 
public  or  private  school,  and  all  tutors  in  private 
families  were  required  to  make  a  declaration  that 
"  it  was  not  lawful  on  any  pretense  whatsoever  to 
take  arms  against  the  king,"'  and  that  tiiey  "  will 
conform  to  the  liturgy  of  the  Church  o£  England." 

They  were  also  compelled  to  declare  that  the  oath 
to  maintain  the  Solemn  League  and  Covenant  was 
a  nullity,  and  that  it  was  "imposed  upon  the  sub- 
jects of  this  realm  against  the  known  laws  and 
liberties  of  this  kingdom." 

This  law  was  one  of  the  most  uni-ighteous  enact- 
ments that  ever  disgraced  the  statute  books  of  any 
civilized  nation.  In  it  the  king  and  his  Parliament 
wickedly  violated  the  most  sacred  engagements 
ever  made  by  man.  The  principal  sufferers  under 
this  infamous  act  were  the  Presbyterians,  who  had 
foolishly  placed  the  king  upon  the  throne.  The 
law  was  expressly  contrived  to  ruin  all  Noncon- 
formist clergymen  and  their  families. 

On  the  24th  of  August,  1662,  the  act  went  into 
effect.  That  was  a  time  of  fierce  trial  to  thousands 
of  godly  ministers  and  teachers,  and  to  many  thou- 
sands of  their  wives  and  xjhildren.  The  number 
of  ministers  who  forsook  their  ecclesiastical  resi- 
dences and  church  edifices  on  the  day  of  royal, 
and  of  Episcopal  vengeance,  has  been  estimated  at 
from  2000  to  2500.      . 

Those  thousands  of  pastors  going  forth  from 
their  homes,  sacred  to  them  by  many  precious  as- 
sociations, surrounded  by  their  wives  and  children, 
and  in  not  a  few  instances  by  their  aged  parents, 
with  nothing  before  them  but  hunger,  and  rags, 
and  persecution,  esiiibited  to  the  eye  of  Jehovah 
the  most  pitiable,  and  at  the  same  time  the  most 
glorious  scene  upon  which  its  lightning  glances  had 
ever  fallen.  They  could  not  be  hypocrites,  for  they 
loved  the  God  of  truth,  and  they  and  theirs  must 
become  living  sacrifices.  There  were  Baptist  min- 
isters among  these  saintly  men,  though  most  of 
our  brethren  had  previously  been  removed.  Henry 
Jessey,  A.M.,  was  ejected  from  St.  George's,  South- 
wark ;  Francis  Bampfield,  M.A.,  from  Sherborne, 


in  Dorsetshire  ;  Thomas  Jennings,  from  Brimsfield, 
in  Gloucestershire  ;  Paul  Frewen,  from  Kempley, 
in  the  same  county  ;  Joshua  Head,  the  place  of 
ejectment  uncertain :  John  Tomljes,  B.D.,  from 
Leominster,  in  Herefordshire;  Daniel  Dyke,  M.A., 
from  Hadhain.  in  Hertfordshire;  Richard  Adams, 
from  llumljei-stone,  in  Leicestershire;  Jeremiah 
Mursdcn,  from  Ardesly,  in  Yorkshire:  Thomas 
Ilardcastle,  from  Bramham,,in  Yorkshire;  Robert 
Browne,  from  Whitelady  Aston,  in  Worcestershire ; 
Gabriel  Camelford,  from  Stavely  Chapel  in  West- 
moreland ;  John  Skinner,  from  AVeston,  in  Here- 
fordshire ;  Baker,  from  Folkestone,  in  Kent; 

John  Gosnold,  of  the  Charter  House  and  Pembroke 
Hall,  Cambridge  ;  Thomas  Quarrel,  from  a  place  in 
Shi-opshire  ;  Thomas  Ewins,  from  St.  Evens'  church, 
Bristol ;  Lawrence  Wise,  from  Chatham  Dock, 
Kent;  John  Donne,  from  Pertenhall,  in  Bedford- 
shire; Paul  Dobson,  from  the  chaplaincy  of  the 
college,  Buckinghamshire  ;  John  Gihbs.  from  New- 
port Pagnell ;  John  Smith,  from  Wanlip,  Leices- 
tershire ;  Thomas  Ellis,  from  L^pham,  Norfolk ; 
Thomas  Paxford,  from  Clapton,  Gloucestershire; 
Ichabod  Chauncy,  M.D.,  chaplain  to  Sir  Edward 
Harley's  regiment;  Thomas  Ilorrexe,  from  !Mal- 
don,  in  Essex  ;  Mr.  Woodward,  from  Soutlnvood  : 
E.  Stennett,  from  Wallingford ;  B.  Cox  and  about 
thirteen  others  Avere  ejected  in  Wales.  These  men. 
with  the  ardent  love  which  flamed  in  the  hearts  of 
martyrs,  gave  up  their^all  for  Christ.  The  National 
Church  merely  gave  them  a  preaching-house,  a 
place  in  which  they  were  chaplains.  They  had 
churches, — living,  godly  communities  of  which  they 
were  pastors,  entirely  distinct  from  the  parish 
churches  in  which  they  preached. 

Union,  The  Baptist,  of  Canada. — After  much 
preliminary  discussion,  this  society  was  formed  at 
the  twenty-eightli  annual  meeting  of  the  Baptist 
Home  Missionary  Convention  of  Ontario,  by  the 
joint  action  of  that  bod^-  and  the  Convention  East, 
the  latter  being  represented  by  an  influential  dele- 
gation. An  act  incorporating  the  Union  was  passed 
during  the  ensuing  session  of  the  Dominion  Parlia- 
ment, and,  according  to  the  terms  of  the  act,  the 
first  annual  meeting  was  held,  in  Oetol>er,  1880,  in 
the  Jarvis  Street  church,  Toronto.  This  society 
seeks  to  unite  within  itself,  as  far  as  practicable, 
the  whole  Baptist  body  of  Canada,  for  the  more 
successful  promotion  of  all  denominational  interests 
and  enterprises.  At  present  (18S1),  however,  it 
only  emliraccs  the  churches  of  Ontario  and  Quebec. 
Its  membership  consists  of  all  pastors,  all  ministers 
engaged  in  other  departments  of  denominational 
work,  all  persons  paying  $30  at  one  time  to  its 
funds  (life  members),  and  delegates  from  the 
churches,  appointed  according  to  the  numerical 
standing  of  the  liodies  thej-  represent.  The  Union 
elects  the  following  boards :  Home  Missions  West, 


UNTOX 


1181 


UNITED   STATES 


Home  Missions  East,  Foreign  Missions,  Manitoba 
and  Northwest  Missions,  Grande  Ligne  Mission, 
trustees  of  the  Canadian  Literary  Institute,  Super- 
annuated Ministers'  and  Church  Edifice  Funds. 
Tiie  societies  by  which  these  boai-ds  were  formerly 
elected  having  merged  their  existence  into  that  of 
the  Union,  so  far  as  existing  legishition  will  admit, 
brief  sketches  of  such  of  the  principal  ones  as  are 
not  noted  elsewhere  will  be  in  place  here. 

Itegidar  Baptist  Home  Missionary  Convention  of 
Onlfirio. — This  society  may  be  regarded  as  the 
parent  of  inost  of  the  others,  and  for  many  years 
it  was  the  only  general  denominational  organiza- 
tion in  Western  Canada.  It  was  formed,  in  1851, 
in  an  old  Presbyterian  meeting-house  in  the  city 
of  Hamilton.  There  appears  to  be  no  published 
record  of  its  work  during  the  first  four  years  of  its 
existence;  but  from  1855  to  the  formation  of  the 
Baptist  Union  it  has  been  ascertained  that  over  5000 
persons  were  baptized  by  the  missionaries,  120 
churches  organized,  and  more  than  100  places  of 
worship  erected,  many  of  them  in  important  towns 
and  centres.  During  this  period  the  amount  ap- 
propriated by  the  Convention  towards  the  support 
of  missionary  pastors  and  other  laborers  on  mission 
fields  exceeds  $100,000.  The  great  advance  made 
by  the  denomination  in  the  province  of  Ontario 
since  1851  is  undoubtedly  due  in  a  large  measure 
to  the  instrumentalities  employed  l)y  this  society. 
The  following  Associations  are  included  within  its 
))Oundaries :  AVestern,  Middlesex  and  Lambton, 
Elgin,  Grand  River,  Brant,  Midland-Counties, 
Huron,  Niagara,  Toronto,  East  Ontario,  and  Am- 
herstburg,  containing  in  all  about  300  churches 
and  22,000  members. 

Canada  Baptist  Home  Missionary  Convention, 
East. — The  territorial  area  of  this  Convention  con- 
sists of  the  province  of  Quebec  and  the  portion 
of  Ontario  lying  east  of  Kingston,  thus  embracing 
3  Associations, — Central  Canada,  Ottawa,  and 
Danville, — 64  churches,  and  nearly  4800  members. 
It  was  formed  April  28,  18.58,  in  the  St.  Helen 
Street  Baptist  church,  ^lontreal,  at  a  meeting  spe- 
cially convened  for  the  purpose  by  a  committee  of 
brethren  belonging  to  that  church.  There  were 
present  ten  ministers  and  delegates  from  fourteen 
churches,  who  were  entirely  unanimous  as  to  the 
expediency  of  organizing  for  home  mission  work. 
The  sul)se(juent  history  of  the  society  has  demon- 
strated the  wisdom  of  its  founders,  and  exhibited, 
in  a  striking  manner,  the  faith  and  liberality  of  its 
handful  of  supporters.  Up  to  the  time  of  its  affil- 
iation with  the  Baptist  Union  $33,000  had  been 
paid  out  in  support  of  missionaries  and  in  aid  of 
weak  churches,  and  much  good  accomplished  among 
.  the  small  Protestant  population  of  this  section  of 
Canada. 

Baptist  Foreign  Missionary  Society  of  Ontario 


and  Qiietiec. — In  the  year  1858,  at  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  Convention  West,  the  question  was 
raised,  "  Ought  Canadian  Baptists,  as  such,  to 
liave  a  Foreign  Missionary  Society,  or  ought  they 
to  co-operate  with  existing  organizations?''  Its 
fuller  consideration  was  deferred  to  the  following 
year;  but  for  some  re^ason  the  discussion  was  not 
then  resumed,  and  the  subject  remained  in  abey- 
ance. Some  years  afterwards  a  strong  desire  to  be 
employed  in  the  foreign  field  was  expressed  by  one 
of  tiio  senior  theological  students  of  the  Canadian 
Literary  Institute.  This  led  to  an  earnest  recon- 
sideration of  the  whole  matter,  and  in  October, 
18f)0,  at  the  fifteenth  annual  meeting  of  the  Home 
Missionary  Convention,  held  in  Beamsville,  Ontario, 
the  Foreign  Missionary  Society  was  organized,  as 
an  auxiliary  to  the  American  Baptist  JNIissionary 
Union.  The  first  missionary  sent  out  was  the  Rev. 
A.  V.  Timpany,  the  student  to  whom  reference  is 
made  above.  He  was  designated  in  October,  18r)7, 
and  appointed  to  the  Teloogoo  field  in  the  Madras 
presidency,  British  India.  Two  years  afterwards 
he  was  followed  by  Rev.  John  McLaurin.  In  1874 
a  chain  of  providential  circumstances  led  to  the 
formation  of  an  independent  Canadian  Teloogoo 
mission  in  the  city  of  Cocanada,  200  niiles  north 
of  Ongole.  A  commencement  had  been  already 
made  in  (^ocanada  by  the  five  years'  faithful  toil  of 
Thomas  Gabriel,  a  well-educated  and  zealous  na- 
tive, who  had  gone  to  this  populous  heathen  city 
on  his  own  responsibility.  Under  his  labors  a 
church  of  150  members  had  been  gathered,  several 
native  preachers  raised  up,  and  a  few  native  schools 
established.  At  his  urgent  request  the  Baptists 
of  Canada,  with  the  approbation  of  the  American 
Baptist  Missionary  Union,  sent  Mr.  McLaurin  to 
this  inviting  field,  and  assumed  the  entire  control 
of  the  movement.  Subsequently,  Mr.  Timpany 
also  withdrew  from  the  service  of  the  Union,  and 
went  to  Cocanada  under  the  dii-ection  of  the  Cana- 
dian -society.  The  infant  mission  was  reinforced 
by  Rev.  George  F.  Currie,  B.A.,  in  1876,  and  by 
Rev.  John  Craig,  B.A.,  in  1877.  Mr.  Currie  is  sta- 
tioned at  Tuni,  and  Mr.  Craig  at  Akidu. 

United  States,  The   Constitution  of;   Aid 
given  by  the  Baptists  in  its  Adoption.— It  is 

a  matter  of  surprise  to-day  that  the  wisdom  of  this 
instrument  was  ever  doubted,  or  that  it  should  have 
been  opposed  by  any  number  of  intelligent  and 
patriotic  men.  The  two  great  States  that  sup- 
ported the  Revolution,  Virginia  and  Massachu- 
setts, were  equally  divided  about  the  Constitution, 
and  some  of  the  best  men  in  these  powerful  centres 
of  political  life  regarded  it  with  unmixed  alarm, 
and  resisted  it  with  all  their  influence  and  elo- 
quence. 

In  Massachusetts,  the  convention  called  to  ratify 
the  Constitution  assembled  on  the  9th  of  January, 


VNITED   STATES 


1182 


UXITED   STATES 


1788.  It  was  composed  of  nearly  four  hundred 
members.  It  possessed  much  of  the  intellect  and 
patriotism  of  the  State.  The  debates  lasted  for  a 
month,  and  the  contest  was  carried  on  with  great 
earnestness.  "  The  prohibition  of  reliirious  tests 
in  the  Constitution  made  it  many  enemies  in  Mas- 
sachusetts."* The  entire  United  States  took  the 
deepest  interest  in  the  deliberations.  It  was  uni- 
versally felt,  as  Dr.  Manning  expressed  it,  that 
"  Massachusetts  was  the  hinge  on  which  the  whole 
must  turn,"  and  that  if  she  rejected  the  Constitu- 
tion it  would  be  discarded  in  the  other  States.  The 
Baptists  held  the  balance  of  power  in  the  conven- 
tion, and  in  Massachusetts  they  were  generally 
opposed  to  the  Constitution.  The  Baptist  delegates 
were  chiefly  ministers,  who  had  the  highest  regard 
for  Dr.  Manning.  And  he,  fully  convinced  that 
nothing  but  the  new  Constitution  could  save  the 
country  from  anarchy,  spent  two  weeks  in  attend- 
ance upon  the  convention,  and  he  and  Dr.  Stillman 
exerted  themselves  to  the  utmost  to  persuade  their 
brethren  to  support  the  Constitution.  With  the 
Rev.  Isaac  Backus,  the  fearless  friend  of  the  Bap- 
tist cause  and  of  liberty  of  conscience,  they  set 
out,  and  they  met  with  .success  in  several  cases, 
and  the  Constitution  was  adopted  by  a  majority 
of  nineteen  votes.  There  were  187  yeas  and  1G8 
nays  on  the  last  day  of  the  session,  and  before 
"  tlie  final  question  was  taken.  Gov.  Hancock,  the 
president,  invited  Dr.  Manning  to  close  the  solemn 
convocation  with  thanksgiving  and  prayer."'  Dr. 
Manning  addressed  the  Deity  in  a  spirit  glowing 
with  devotion,  and  with  such  lofty  patriotism  that 
every  heart  was  filled  with  reverence  for  God  and 
admiration  for  his  servant.  And  such  an  efiect 
was  produced  by  this  prayer  that,  had  it  not  been 
for  the  "  popularity  of  Dr.  Stillman,  the  rich  men 
of  Boston  would  have  built  a  church  for  Dr.  Man- 
ning."t  There  is  a  strong  probability  that  the 
Baptists  of  the  convention  would  have  turned 
from  Isaac  Backus,  and  changed  the  insignificant 
majority  into  a  small  minority,  if  it  had  not  been 
for  Manning  and  Stillman. 

In  Virginia  the  opposition  to  the  Constitution 
was  led  by  more  popular  men  ;  but  the  parties, 
otherwise,  were  about  equal  in  strength.  The 
convention  met  in  Richmond,  in  June,  1788.  The 
most  illustrious  men  in  the  State  were  in  it. 
Patrick  Henry  spoke  against  the  Constitution  with 
a  vehemence  never  surpassed  by  himself  on  any 
occasion  in  his  whole  life,  and  with  a  power  that 
was  sometimes  overwhelming.  Once,  while  this 
matchless  orator  was  addressing  the  convention,  a 
wild  storm  broke  over  Richmond  ;  the  heavens 
were  ablaze  with  lightning,  the  thunder  roared, 
and   the   rain   came   down   in   torrents ;    at    this 

*  BacUiis's  Baptist  Church  History,  vol.  ii.  p.  .^35.    Nowton. 
+  Manning  and  Brown  University,  pp.  103, 104.    Boston,  1804. 


moment  Henry  seemed  to  see  the  anger  of  heaven 
threatening  thfe  State  if  it  should  consummate  the 
guilty  act  of  adopting  the  Constitution,  and  he  in- 
voked celestial  witnesses  to  view  and  compassionate 
his  distracted  country  in  this  grand  crisis  of  her 
history.  And  such  was  the  e9"ect  of  his  speech  on 
this  occasion  that  the-convention  immediate!}-  dis- 
persed.J  The  convention,  when  the  final  vote  on 
ratification  was  taken,  only  .gave  a  majority-  of  ten 
in  favor  of  the  Constitution.  Eighty-nine  cast 
their  votes  for  it.  and  seventy -nine  against  it.§ 

James  Madison  possessed  the  greatest  influence 
of  any  man  in  the  convention  :  had  he  not  bee'n 
there  Patrick  Henry  would  have  carried  his  oppo- 
sition triumphantly  :  and  Madison  was  there  by 
the  generosity  of  John  Leland,  the  well-known 
and  eccentric  Baptist  minister.  Madison  remained 
in  Philadelphia  three  months  with  John  Jay  and 
Alexander  Hamilton,  preparing  the  articles  which 
now  make  up  The  Federalist;  this  permitted 
Henry  and  others  to  secure  the  public  attention 
in  Virginia,  and,  in  a  large  measure,  the  public 
heart.  Henry's  assertion  that  the  new  Constitution 
"squinted  towards  monarchy"  was  eagerly  heard 
and  credited  by  many  of  the  best  friends  of  free- 
dom ;  and  when  Madison  came  home  he  found  Le- 
land a  candidate  for  the  county  of  Orange,  the  con- 
stituency which  he  wished  to  represent,  with  every 
prospect  of  success,  for  Orange  was  chiefly  a  Baptist 
county.  Mr.  MadisoQ  spent  half  a  day  with  John 
Leland,  and  the  result  of  this  interview  was  that 
Leland  withdrew  and  exerted  his  whole  influence 
in  favor  of  Madison,  who  was  elected  to  the  con- 
vention, and,  after  sharing  in  its  fierce  debates,  he 
was  just  able  to  save  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States. 

In  a  eulogy  pronounced  on  James  Madison 
by  J.  S.  Barbour,  of  Virginia,  in  1857,  he  said 
"That  the  credit  of  adopting  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States  pi-operly  belonged  to  a  Baptist 
clergyman,  formerly  of  Virginia,  named  Leland. 
If,"  said  he,  "  ]\Ladison  had  not  been  in  the  Vir- 
ginia convention  the  Constitution  would  not  have 
been  ratified,  and,  as  the  approval  of  nine  States 
was  necessary  to  give  e8"ect  to  this  instrument,  and 
as  Virginia  was  the  ninth  State,  if  it  had  been  re- 
jected by  her  the  Constitution  would  have  failed 
(tiie  remaining  States  following  her  example),  and 
it  was  through  Elder  Leland"s  influence  that  ISIadi- 
son  Avas  elected  to  that  convention. "||  It  is  unques- 
tionable that  Mr.  Madison  was  elected  through 
the  efforts  and  resignation  of  John  Leland,  and  it 
is  all  but  certain  that  that  act  gave  our  country  its 
famous  Constitution. 


%  Howison's  History  of  Virginia,  ii.  32C,  327,  332. 
§  Howe's  Virginia  Historical  Collections,  p.  124.     Charleston, 
1S46. 

II  Sprague's  Annals  of  the  American  Baptist  Pulpit,  p.  179. 


UNITED   STATES 


1183 


UNITED  STATES 


United  States,  The  Religious  Amendment 

of  the  Constitution  of.— 'I'iie  first  ainciKlintMit  to 
the  United  States  Constitution  was  adopted  in  1789, 
the  year  it  went  into  operation.  It  reads,  "  Con- 
gress shall  make  no  law  respecting  an  establish- 
ment of  religion,  or  prohibiting  the  free  exercise 
thereof;  or  abridging  the  freedom  of  speech  or  of 
the  press;  or  the  right  of  the  people  peaceably  to 
assemble,  and  to  petition  the  government  for  a  re- 
dress of  grievances."  The  first  clause  of  this 
amendment  occupies  properly  its  prominent  place 
in  that  addition  to  the  Constitution.  Freedom  of 
conscience  was  in  legal  bondi\go  in  1789,  and  its 
friends  had  too  much  cause  to  be  alarmed  for  its 
safety. 

Had  the  amendment  not  been  adopted,  Massachu- 
setts might  have  had  her  State  church  to-day,  and 
her  citizens  rotting  in  prison  because  they  could 
not  conscientiously  pay  a  church-tax  ;  and  any  State 
might  have  established  the  Episcopal  Church  and 
then  committed  Baptists  or  other  ministers  to 
prison,  as  Virginia  did  down  to  the  Revolution. 
And  Congress  might  have  decreed  that  the  Catho- 
lic Church  was  the  religious  fold  of  the  nation, 
and  might  have  levied  taxes  to  support  her  clergy, 
and  made  laws  to  give  secular  j)()wer  to  her  car- 
dinals, archbishops,  bishops,  and  priests  over  our 
schools,  religious  opinions,  and  personal  freedom. 
With  the  amendment  we  have  been  educated  to 
practise  universal  religious  freedom  ;  without  it, 
sacerdotal  tyranny  might  have  destroyed  all  our 
liberty.  The  grandest  feature  of  our  Constitution 
is  the  first  clause  of  the  first  amendment.  The 
Baptists  have  justly  claimed  that  the  credit  for 
this  amendment  belongs  chiefly  to  them.  It  is  in 
strict  accordance  with  their  time-honored  maxim, 
"  The  major  part  shall  rule  in  civil  things  only." 

Where  else  could  it  have  come  from  ?  In  the 
Revolution,  and  for  a  few  years  after,  there  were 
two  great  centres  of  political  influence  in  our 
country,  around  which  the  other  States  moved  with 
more  or  less  interest, — Massachusetts  and  Virginia. 
Freedom  of  conscience  could  not  come  from  Mas- 
sachusetts ;  she  was  wedded  to  a  State  religion  in 
1789,  which  defied  any  divorcing  agency  to  create 
a  separation.  Just  ten  years  before,  she  adopted 
her  new  constitution  with  an  article  in  it  giving 
legal  support  to  Congregational  ministers,  as  in 
good  old  Puritan  times.  And  this  tie  only  per- 
ished in  1S34.*  Writing  to  Benjamin  Kent,  John 
Adams  says,  '"  I  am  for  the  most  liberal  toleration 
of  all  denominations,  but  I  hope  Congress  will 
never  meddle  with  religion  further  than  to  say 
their  own  prayers.  .  .  .  Let  every  colony  have  its 
own  religion  without  molestation. ^''\     That  is,  from 

*  Backus's  Church  History,  p.  197.     Philadelphia, 
t  Life  and  Works  of  Johu  Adams,  by  Charles  Francis  Adams, 
YOl.  iz.  p.  402. 


Congress;  he  wished  every  colony  to  have  its  own 
established  church  without  molestation,  if  it  desired 
such  an  institution.  He  unjustly  charged  Israel 
Pemberton,  a  Quaker,  whom,  with  the  Baptists  and 
other  Friends,  the  Massachusetts  delegates  met  dur- 
ing the  session  of  the  first  Continental  Congress, 
with  an  effort  to  destroy  the  union  and  labors  of 
Congress,  because  he  pled  for  the  release  of  Bap- 
tists and  Quakers  imprisoned  in  Massachusetts  for 
not  paying  the  ministers'  tax,  and  for  the  repeal  of 
their  oppressive  laws.  And  John  Adams  actually 
argued  that  it  was  against  the  consciences  of  the 
people  of  his  State  to  make  any  change  in  their 
laws  about  religion,  oven  thuugh  others  might  have 
to  sufler  in  their  estates  or  in  their  personal  free- 
dom to  satisfy  Mr.  Adams  and  his  conscientious 
friends.  And  he  declared  that  they  might  as  well 
think  they  could  change  the  movements  of  the 
heavenly  bodies  as  alter  the  religious  hiws  of  Mas- 
sachusetts.J  This  was  the  spirit  of  New  England 
when  the  first  amendment  was  proposed,  exce|:)t  in 
Rhode  Island,  and  among  the  Baptists,  and  the 
little  community  of  Quakers  outside  of  it.  Thomas 
Jefi'erson,  writing  to  Dr.  Rush,  says,  "  There  was 
a  hope  confidently  cherished  about  a.d.  1800,  that 
there  might  be  a  State  church  throughout  the 
United  States,  and  this  expectation  was  specially 
cherished  by  Episcopalians  and  Congregatiotial- 
ists."§  This  w.as  the  sentiment  of  not  a  few 
New  England  Pedobaptists,  and  the  liope  of  the 
remains  of  the  Episcopal  Church  in  the  South. 
Massachusetts  and  her  allies  had  no  love  for  the 
first  amendment,  and,  according  to  Backus,  Massa- 
chusetts did  not  adopt  it.|| 

It  came  from  Virginia,  and  chiefly  from  Baptists 
of  the  Old  Dominion.  The  "  mother  of  Presi- 
dents" was  the  mother  of  the  glorious  amend- 
ment. In  1770  the  first  republican  Legislature 
of  Virginia  convened,  and  after  a  violent  contest, 
daily  renewed,  from  the  11th  of  October  to  the  5th 
of  December,  the  acts  of  Parliament  were  repealed 
which  rendered  any  form  of  w^orship  criminal. 
Dissenters  were  exempted  from  all  taxes  to  support 
the  clergy,  and  the  laws  were  suspended  which 
compelled  Episcopalians  to  support  their  own 
church.  But  it  was  the  pressure  of  Dissenters 
witliout  that  forced  this  legislation  on  the  Assem- 
bly, for  a  majority  of  the  members  were  Episco- 
palians.^ AVhile  this  act  relieved  Baptists,  the  un- 
repealed common  law  still  punished  with  dismissal 
from  all  offices  for  the  first  offense,  those  wlio  de- 
nied the  Divine  existence,  or  the  Trinity,  or  the 
truth   of   Cliristianity ;    and    for  the    second,   the 

X  Ibid.,  vol.  ii.  p.  399. 

I  Memoirs,  Correspondence,  etc.,  vol.  iii.  p.  341.  CharlottesTille, 
1829. 

II  Backus's  Church  History,  vol.  ii.  p.  341.     Newton. 
I  Ibid.,  vol.  i.  p.  32. 


UNITED   STATES 


1184 


UNITED   STATES 


transgressor  should  be  rendered  incapable  of  suing 
or  of  acting  as  guardian,  administrator,  or  execu- 
tor, or  of  receiving  a  legacy,  and,  in  addition, 
should  be  imprisoned  for  three  years.*  These 
persecuting  laws  were  not  repealed  till  1785.  The 
tithe  law,  after  being  agitated  fre'quently  in  every 
session,  and  annually  suspended,  was  repealed  in 
1779.  The  Presbyterians  and  Baptists  were  the 
outside  povi-ers  that  swept  away  the  State  church 
of  Virginia. 

After  tithes  ceased  to  be  collected,  a  scheme, 
known  as  the  "  assessment,"'  was  extensively  dis- 
cussed in  A''irginia  by  Episcopalians  and  others. 
The  assessment  required  every  citizen  to  pay  tithes 
to  support  his  minister,  no  matter  what  his  creed. 
The  Episcopalians  warmly  advocated  the  assess- 
ment. The  united  clergy  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  petitioned  for  it,t  though  many  of  their 
people  disliked  and  denounced  it.  Patrick  Henry 
aided  it  with  all  the  power  of  his  eloquence. J 
Richard  Henry  Lee,  the  most  polish^  orator  in 
the  country,  John  Marshall,  the  future  chief  jus- 
tice of  the  United  States,  and.George  Washington 
himself  advocated  it.§  The  Baptists  directed  their 
"whole  forces  against  it,  and  poured  petitions  into  the 
Legislature  for  its  I'ejection. 

After  expending  every  effort,  the  friends  of  the 
assessment  were  defeated,  and  it  was  finally  re- 
jected in  1785,  and  all  the  Jaws  punishing  opinions 
repealed.  This  was  a  Work  of  great  magnitude. 
The  Episcopalians,  the  Methodists,  the  Presbyte- 
rian clergy,  and  the  eloquence  and  influence  of 
some  of  the  greatest  men  the  United  States  ever 
had,  or  will  have,  were  overcome  by  the  Baptists, 
and  Jefferson  and  Madison,  their  two  noble  allies, 
and  some  Presbyterian  and  other  laymen.  Sample 
truly  says,  "The  inhibition  of  the  general  assess- 
ment may,  in  a  considerable  degree,  be  ascribed  to 
the  opposition  made  to  it  by  the  Baptists.  They 
were  the  only  sect  which  plainly  remonstrated 
against  it.  Of  some  others  it  is  said  that  the  laity 
and  ministry  were  at  variance  upon  the  subject,  so 
as  to  paralyze  their  exertions  for  or  against  the 
bill."  II 

Nor  need  any  one  dream  that  Jefferson  and 
Madison  could  have  carried  this  measure  by  their 
genius  and  influence.  They  were  opposed  by 
many  men  whose  transcendent  services,  or  un- 
cqualed  oratory,  or  wealth,  position,  financial  in- 
terests, or  intense  prejudices,  would  have  enabled 
them  easily  to  resist  their  unsupported  assaults. 
Like  a  couple  of  first-class  engineers  on  a  "  tender,'' 


*  Jefferson's  Notes  on  the  State  of  Virginia,  \i.  169.     Richmond, 
1835.  • 
t  Rivcs's  Life  and  Times  of  James  Mndison,  vol.  i.  pp.  601,  602. 

I  Wirt's  Life  of  Piitrick  Henry,  p.  26.!.     Hartford. 

g  Itivcs's  Life  and  Times  of  James  Madison,  vol.  i.  pp.  601,  602. 

II  Semplo's  History  of  the  Virginia  Baptists,  pp.  72,  73. 


with  a  train  attached,  but  no  locomotive,  would 
Jefferson  and  Madison  have  appeared  without  the 
Baptists.  They  furnished  the  locomotive  for  these 
skillful  engineers,  which  drew  the  train  of  religious 
liberty  through  every  persecuting  enactment  in  the 
penal  code  of  Virginia. 

In  1790,  just  one  year  after  the  adoption  of  the 
amendment.  Dr.  Samuel  Jones,  of  Pennsylvania, 
states  that  there  were  202  Baptist  churches  in 
Virginia.1[  Semple,  the  historian  of  the  Virginia 
Baptists,  says  that,  in  1792,  "The  Baptists  had 
members  of  great  weight  in  civil  society ;.  their 
congregations  Ijecame  more  numerous  than  those 
of  any  other  Christian  sect."'**  The  Baptists  out- 
numbered all  the  denominations  in  Virginia,  in  all 
probability,  in  1789,  and  they  far  surpassed  them 
in  the  burning  enthusiasm  which  persecution  en- 
genders, and  to  them  chiefly  was  Virginia  in- 
debted for  her  complete  deliverance  from  perse- 
cuting enactments. 

In  1789,  a  few  months  after  Washington  became 
President,  "  The  Committee  of  the  United  Baptist 
Churches  of  Virginia"'  presented  him  an  address, 
wntten  by  John  Leland,  marked  by  felicity  of  ex- 
pression and  great  admiration  for  Washington,  in 
which  they  informed  him  that  their  religious  rights 
were  not  protected  by  the  new  Constitution.  The 
President  replied  that  he  would  never  have  signed 
that  instrument  had  he  supposed  that  it  endangered 
the  religious  liberty  of  any  denomination,  and  if  he 
could  imagine  even  now  that  the  government  could 
be  so  administered  as  to  render  freedom  of  worship 
insecure  for  any  religious  society,  he  would  imme- 
diately take  steps  to  erect  barriers  against  the 
horrors  of  spiritual  tyranny. ff  Large  numbers 
were  anxious  about  the  new  Constitution,  and  it 
had  many  open  enemies.  Tlie  Baptists  who  pre- 
sented this  address  controlled  the  government  of 
Virginia,  and  they  toere  the  tcarmest  friends  of  Ub- 
erty  i^i  America.  They  would  suffer  anj^thing  for 
their  principles,  and,  as  they  suspect  the  new  Con- 
stitution, it  must  be  amended  to  embrace  their  soul 
liberty  and  secure  their  hearty  support.  A  few 
weeks  later,  James  Madison,  the  special  friend  of 
Washington,  who  aided  him  five  mouths  before  in 
composing  his  first  inaugural  address  to  Congress. :J:J 
rises  in  the  House  of  Representatives  and  pro- 
poses the  religious  amendment  demanded  by  the 
Baptists,  with  other  emendations,  and  declares 
that''"a  great  number  of  their  constituents  were 
dissatisfied  with  the  Constitution,  among  whom 
were  many  respectable  for  their  talents  and  their 
patriotism,  and  respectable  for  the  jealousy  which 


H  Minutes  of  Philadelphia  Baptist  Association,  p.  459. 
**  History  of  the  Virginia  Baptists,  p.  39. 

ft  Writings  of  George  M'osliington,  by  Sparks,  vol.  xii.  pp.  154, 
l.iS.    Boston. 
XI  Rives's  Life  and  Times  of  James  Madison,  vol.  iii.  p.  64. 


UPJIAM 


1185 


USTICK 


they  feel  for  their  liberty''  (religious).  This  lan- 
fiuage  applies  to  his  Virginia  Baptist  friends  and 
their  co-religionists  over  the  land.  He  presses  his 
scheme  anii<lMt  violent  opposition,  and  Congress 
passes  it.  Two-thirds  of  the  State  Legislatures  ap- 
prove of  it,  and  it  becomes  a  part  of  the  Consti- 
tution.* 

Denominationally,  no  eonununity  asked  for  this 
change  in  the  Constitution  but  the  Baptists.  The 
Quakers  would  no  doubt  have  petitioned  for  it  if 
they  had  thought  of  it,  but  they  did  not.  John 
Adams  and  the  Congregationaiists  did  not  desire 
it;  the  Episcopalians  did  not  wish  for  it.  It  went 
too  far  for  most  Presbyterians  in  Revolutionary 
times,  or  in  our  own  days,  wiieu  we  hear  so  much 
especially  from  them,  about  putting  the  divine 
name  in  the  Constitution.  The  Baptists  asked  it 
through  Washington.  The  request  commended 
itself  to  his  judgment  and  to  the  generous  soul  of 
Madison,  and  to  the  Baptists,  beyond  a  doubt,  be- 
longs the  glory  of  engrafting  its  best  enactment  on 
the  noblest  Constitution  ever  framed  for  the  gov- 
ernment of  mankind. 

Upham,  James,  S.D.,  was  born  in  Salem, 
Mass.,  Jan.  23,  1815.  lie  was  a  graduate  of 
Waterville  College  in  the  class  of  1835,  and  studied 
at  the  Newton  Theological  Institution,  1837-39.  He 
was  ordained  at  Thomaston,  Me.,  in  August,  1840, 
and  was  professor  in  the  theological  institute  which 
had  a  brief  existence  in  that  place.  On  leaving 
Thomaston  lie  l)ecame  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Manchester,  N.  H.,  and  subsequently  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Millbury,  from  which  place  he  was  called 
to  a  professorship  in  the  New  Hampshire  Literary 
Institute.  His  connection  with  this  institution 
continued  fifteen  years,  184(5-61,  when  he  was  ap- 
pointed president.  In  1866  he  retired  from  this 
position,  and  became  one  of  the  editors  of  the 
Watchman  and  Reflector.  lie  held  this  office  for 
several  years  with  distinguished  ability.  Recently 
he  has  accepted  a  position  on  the  editorial  staff  of 
the  Jfirhmond  Herald,  published  in  Richmond.  Ya. 

The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred 
on  Dr.  Upiiam  by  Colby  University  in  1860. 

IJpham,  Rev.  William  D.,  was  l)orn  in 
Weathersfield,  Vt.,  Feb.  10,  1810.  He  early  indi- 
cated the  bent  of  his  mind,  and  showed  that  if  his 
tastes  could  be  gratified  ho  would  devote  his  life  to 
the  pursuit  of  knowledge.  Having  reached  the 
age  of  eighteen,  he  decided  to  tit  himself  to  enter 
the  profession  of  law.  His  preparatory  studies, 
which  he  pursued  at  Chester,  Vt.,  and  at  Middle- 
borough.  Mass.,  being  completed,  he  entered  Bmwn 
Univei'sify  in  the  fall  of  1831.  He  was  inclined  to 
adopt  infidel  sentiments,  and  with  the  immaturity 
and  self-conceit  of  youth,  he  was  disposed  to  treat 

*  Riree's  Life  and  Times  of  James  Madisou,  vol.  iii.  p.  39. 


very  lightly  the  claims  of  religion.  During  the 
winter  of  1831-32,  while  engaged  in  teaching  in 
the  village  of  Dedliam,  Mass.,  his  attention  was 
called  by  the  Spirit  of  God  to  his  own  condition. 
Before  the  light  of  truth  his  skepticism  vanished, 
and  he  yielded  his  heart  to  the  Saviour,  in  whom 
heretofore  he  had  seen  no  charms.  Wlien  he  re- 
turned to  his  college  duties  he  was  a  changed  man. 
Having  connected  himself  with  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Providence,  he  received  theirapprobation 
of  his  wish  in  duo  time  to  enter  u])on  the  work  of 
the  Christian  ministry.  Unable  for  want  of  funds 
to  continue  his  studies  at  the  university,  he  took 
charge  of  a  school  in  the  village  of  Wickford,  R.  1.. 
where  he  remained  three  years.  It  was  in  conse- 
quence of  his  efforts  and  sacrifices  that  there  was 
formed  in  that  place  a  Baptist  church,  which  now 
numbers  not  far  from  150  members.  Mr.  Upham 
removed  to  Ludlow,  Vt.,  in  December,  1836,  and 
for  two  years  was  principal  of  the  Black  River 
Academy.  He  was  ordained  to  the  work  of  the 
ministry  in  November,  1837,  preaching  as  oppor- 
tunity presented  while  carrying  on  his  work  as  a 
teacher.  In  December,  1838,  he  accepted  a  call  to 
the  pastorate  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in 
Townshend,  Vt.,  and  served  this  church  between 
four  and  five  years,  when  he  closed  his  life,  dying 
June  30,  1843,  at  the  early  age  of  thirty-three 
years.  "'  His  death  was  much  lamented  by  the 
ministers  and  churches  in  Vermont,  among  whom 
his  piety,  talents,  and  wisdom  had  secured  him  a 
measure  of  esteem  and  confidence  possessed  by 
very  few  at  so  early  an  age." 

Ustick,  B,eV.  Thomas,  was  born  in  New  York, 
Aug.  30,  1753.  When  about  fourteen  he  was  con- 
verted. He  was  baptized  by  the  Rev.  John  Gano. 
Soon  after  he  felt  called  to  preach  the  gospel,  and 
he  began  to  prepare  himself  for  this  blessed  work. 
He  graduated  at  Rhode  Island  College  (now  Brown 
University)  in  1771.  He  was  ordained  to  the  min- 
istry in  Ashford,  Conn.,  in  1777.  He  became  pas- 
tor of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Philadelpliia  in 
1782.  In  that  city  his  labors  were  greatly  blessed, 
and  his  memory  is  still  treasured  up  as  a  precious 
legacy  by  the  children  of  those  whom  he  led  to  the 
Saviour. 

Mr.  Ustick  was  an  earnest  advocate  of  deep  re- 
pentance as  a  prerequisite  to  the  enjoyment  of  the 
peace  of  God,  and  of  a  salvation  gathering  nothing 
froin  human  feelings  or  reforms,  but  coming  wholly 
from  the  Saviour's  merits.  The  Saviour  has  had 
few  servants  more  competent  or  more  faithful.  He 
died  in  Burlington.  N.  J.,  in  1803. 

TJstick,  Deacon  Thomas  Watts,  was  bom  in 

Pliiladfl|ilii;i.  J'a..  .\iig.  22.  Isnl.  His  parents  re- 
moved to  Virginia  in  1806,  where  with  an  uncle, 
John  Ustick,  Thomas  learned  printing.  He  after- 
wards lived  in  Washington  and  Chicago,  and  in 


VAIL 


1186 


T'-^A"  HOIiX 


both  places  was  known  as  a  publisher  and  printer. 
In  1839  he  came  to  St.  Louis,  where  he  died  Aug, 
13,  1866.  lie  was  converted  when  ten  years  of 
age  in  Virginia,  and  baptized  by  Thomas  Cally. 
From  a  boy  Deacon  Ustick  was  intelligent,  affec- 
tionate, and  faithful.  He  was  made  a  deacon 
of  the  Second  Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis,  and  of 
the  Third  church,  of  wliich  he  was  a  constituent 
member.  The  Third  church  greatly  mourned  his 
death.     He,  with  Deacons  John  Barnhurst,  P.  J. 


Thompson,  and  R.  Campbell,  formed  a  noble  band 
in  the  Third  church.  His  friends  admired  and 
trusted  him.     Jlild  but  firm,  and  governed  by  prin- 

;  ciple,  when  suddenly  called  to  die,  he  said,  "  I  am 

i  glad  I  have  no  preparation  to  make."  He  left  a 
rich  legacy  to  his  children  in  a  name  untarnished, 
and  an  influence  which  will  ever  live,  like  that  of 
his  grandfather,   Thomas   Ustick,  who  was  pastor 

j  of   the   First   Baptist  churcji  of  Philadelphia  for 

1  twenty-one  years. 


V. 


Vail,  Rev.  A.  L.,  was  born  in  La  Grange, 
Texas,  May  14.  1844.  He  continued  to  reside 
there  and  in  that  vicinity  till  the  spring  of  1862, 
when  he  went  to  Mexico.  In  August,  1863,  he 
shipped  on  the  schooner  "  Matamoras,"  from  the 
port  of  the  same  name,  for  New  York. 

Although  converted  in  Texas,  he  made  no  public 
profession  of  religion  until  1864,  when  he  united 
with  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Plainfield,  N.  J. 
Having  studied  in  Connecticut  until  the  close  of 
1864,  he  removed  to  Michigan,  where  his  studies 
were  continued  until  1868,  partly  in  Raisin  Valley 
Seminary  and  partly  in  Kalamazoo  College.  He 
was  ordained  in  Schoolcraft,  Mich.,  in  1868.  His 
Schoolcraft  pastorate  was- ended  in  about  a  year 
by  failure  of  health.  After  six  months'  rest,  he  re- 
sumed work  limitedly  in  Brady,  a  field  formerly 
occupied  in  connection  with  Schoolcraft,  where  he 
remained  till  April,  1871,  when  he  became  pastor 
in  Sturgis,  Mich.  In  November,  1873,  he  removed 
to  Chicago,  to  accept  a  position  on  the  Standard. 
Two  years  were  spent  in  editorial  work  and  study- 
ing in  the  university  and  seminary.  About  one 
year  of  this  time  he  was  regular  supply  of  the 
Winnetka  church.  Preceding  this  he  furnished 
the  first  consecutive  Baptist  preaching  in  Hyde 
Park,  which  prepared  the  way  for  the  organization 
of  the  church  there. 

Jan.  1,  1876,  he  took  the  pastorate  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  Colorado  Springs,  Col.,  remaining 
there  three  years.  He  preached  the  first  Baptist 
sermon  in  Lcadville,  two  weeks  before  the  church 
was  organized  there,  and  issued  the  first  Baptist 
paper  in  that  State,  of  which  he  was  editor  and 
manager.  This  paper,  called  Free  Gold,  was  a 
monthly,  of  which  2000  copies  were  distributed 
gratuitously  each  month  in  Colorado  Springs  and 
in  the  mountains  westward.      It  was  supported  by 


advertisements  and  free-will  offerings.  It  was  a 
financial  success. 

Mr.  Vail  became  pastor  in  Wichita,  Kansas,  Jan. 
1,  1879,  a  part  of  the  plan  being  the  removal  of  a 
debt  of  nearly  SI 200,  due  to  the  Home  Mission  So- 
ciety, during  that  year.  By  the  generosity  of  the 
society  and  the  liberality  of  the  church  this  was 
accomplished,  the  pastor  having  directly  nothing  to 
do  with  it.  Mr.  Vail  resigned  as  pastor  at  Wichita, 
Jan.  1, 1881,  and  was  immediately  secured  as  pastor 
at  Olathe,  Kansas. 

Mr.  Vail  is  a  clear-headed,  able,  devoted,  and 
successful  minister  of  the  gospel,  a  close  and  atten- 
tive student  of  the  Bible,  and  a  faithful  shepherd 
to  his  flock. 

Van  Horn,  Hon.  Burt,  a  respected  citizen  and 
influential  Christian  gentleman,  a  resident  of  Lock- 
port,  N.  Y.,  was  born' in  Newfane,  Niagara  Co., 
N.  Y.,  Oct.  28,  1823.  His  parents,  James  and 
Abigail,  both  of  whom  died  in  1856,  were  highly 
esteemed  for  their  public  spirit  and  excellence  of 
Christian  character.  Besides  filling  important 
positions  in  the  town  and  county,  his  father  was 
for  manj'  years  an  honored  deacon  of  the  Newfane 
Baptist  church.  His  mother,  a  devoted  member 
of  the  same  church,  was  a  woman  of  rare  worth  ; 
strong  in  character,  devout  in  spirit,  generous  and 
faithful,  her  godly  life  has  left  its  impress  on  the 
church  and  community. 

From  such  parents  the  son  inherited  qualities  of 
mind  and  heart  which  fitted  him  for  the  sphere  of 
usefulness  he  has  occupied.  Besides  home  and 
common-school  training,  he  spent  three  years  in 
Yates  Academy  and  one  year  in  Madison  Univer- 
sity. Converted  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  he  became  a 
member  of  the  Newfane  Baptist  church,  and  for 
many  years  devoted  his  best  energies  to  its  in- 
terests.   During  the  years  1858,  1859,  and  1860  he 


VANHORN 


1187 


VAN  METER 


served  witli  lioiior  in  tlie  State  Legislature.  In 
1860  he  was  elected  to  Congress,  elected  again  in 
1864,  and  reelected  in  1866.  lie  identified  him- 
self liy  voice  and  jien  with  his  party  ;  was  an  ardent 
and  outspoken  advocate  of  the  act  of  emancipation. 
During  his  three  years  in  the  State  Legislature  and 
his  six  years  in  Congress,  though  on  many  im- 
portant committees,  and  an  active  participant  in 
the  great  movements  of  that  most  eventful  period 
of  the  nation's  history,  there  was  not  raised  a 
breath  of  suspicion  as  to  the  integrity  of  his  con- 
duct. In  it  all  and  through  it  all  he  maintained 
the  Christian  character  which  he  took  with  him 
into  public  life.  In  August,  1877,  he  was  ap- 
pointed U.  S.  collector  of  internal  revenue  for 
nine  counties  of  Central  and  Western  New  York, 
which  office  he  now  honorably  fills.  Though  so 
fully  occupied  with  duties  of  a  political  and  public 
character,  he  is  a  most  active  and  consistent  mem- 
ber of  the  Lockport  Baptist  church,  whose  interests, 
material  and  spiritual,  he  has  faithfully  served 
since  he  became  a  member,  in  1870. 
Vanhorn,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Bucks 

Co.,  Pa.,  July  8,  1747.  After  graduating  in  the 
academy  of  Dr.  Samuel  Jones,  at  Lower  Dublin, 
he  became  pastor  of  the  Southampton  Baptist 
church  in  May,  1772.  During  the  Revolutionary 
war  he  was  a  chaplain  in  the  army,  encouraging 
the  heroes  who  fought  against  tyranny,  hunger, 
and  cold,  and  sharing  with  them  their  greatest 
dangers  and  most  grievous  hardships. 

He  was  pastor  of  the  Southampton  church  for 
thirteen  years.  He  was  twenty-two  years  pastor 
of  the  Scotch  Plains  church,  N.  J.  On  his  way  to 
a  new  home  in  Ohio  he  was  seized  with  a  fatal 
illness  in  Pittsburgh,  where  he  died  Oct.  31,  1807. 

Mr.  Vanhorn  was  well  known  and  greatly  es- 
teemed by  the  Baptists  of  Pennsylvania  and  New 
Jersey,  and  in  the  armies  of  the  patriots.  He 
lived  for  the  Saviour,  and  he  died  in  peace. 

Van  Husan,  Hon.  Caleb,  of  Detroit,  Mich.,  was 
born  in  Manchester,  Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  13, 
1815.  By  the  death  of  his  mother,  when  he  was  thir- 
teen years  old,  his  home  was  broken  up,  and  he  left 
his  native  place  to  seek  his  fortune.  At  the  age  of 
fourteen  he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Eleazer  Savage, 
in  Knowlesville.  N.  Y.  At  twenty  he  entered  upon 
a  business  career,  and  the  nest  year  was  married 
to  Miss  Catherine  Jackson.  In  1838  he  removed 
to  Michigan  and  established  himself  in  business 
in  Saline,  where  he  was  a  successful  merchant 
until  1853,  when  he  removed  to  Detroit.  He  has 
been  for  many  years  president  of  the  Detroit  Fire 
and  Marine  Insurance  Company. 

From  his  coming  to  Michigan  he  has  been 
known  as  an  intelligent  and  efficient  friend  of 
every  enterprise  contemplating  the  advancement  of 
the  Christian  church.     One  of  the  original  mem- 


bers of  the  Lafayette  Street  church  in  Detroit,  he 
has  been  one  of  its  deacons  from  its  organization. 
As  a  trustee  of  Kalamazoo  College,  and  for  several 
years  its  treasurer,  as  a  trustee  of  Madison  Uni- 
versity,   as    a   member   of  the    State   Convention 


HON'.    CALEB    VAN    HUSAV. 

board,  as  vice-president  of  the  American  Baptist 
Missionary  Union,  and  as  a  generous  and  cheerful 
contributor  to  every  department  of  Christian  work, 
he  has  been  for  many  years  an  acknowledged  leader 
of  the  Baptists  of  Michigan.  Mrs.  Van  Husan,  to 
whom  he  was  married  in  1866,  is  the  daughter  of 
Rev.  David  Corwin,  and  is  a  special  friend  and 
supporter  of  all  our  missionary  enterprises. 

Van  Meter,  A.  W.,  was  born  at  Elizabeth- 
town,  Hardin  Co.,  Ky.,  April  1,  1789.  He  died 
at  the  residence  of  his  son,  E.  A.  Van  Meter, 
Esq.,  of  Burlington,  Iowa,  Nov.  11,  1868,  at  the 
age  of  seventy-nine  years.  Mr.  Van  Meter  shared 
with  his  father  the  hardships  of  frontier  life 
in  Kentucky,  with  e.xposure  especially  to  Indian 
attack.  "  Often,  when  going  to  their  religious 
meetings,  they  carried  their  rifles  and  large  knives 
for  protection."  In  1831,  at  the  age  of  forty-two, 
he  removed  with  his  family  to  Washington,  Taze- 
well Co.,  111.  Here  again  he  found  a  new  country. 
The  Indians  had  but  recently  left  it,  and  settlers 
were  few,  though  rapidly  arriving.  "  For  a  long 
time  he  could  hear  of  no  Baptist  in  that  part  of 
the  country,  the  nearest  church  being  at  Spring- 
field, seventy  miles  south."  Mr.  Van  Meter  im- 
mediately made  himself  known  as  a  Christian  and 
a  Baptist,  and  in  1833  united  with  others  in  form- 


VAN  METER 


1188 


YARD  EN 


ing  the  Pleasant  Grove  church,  fourteen  miles 
from  his  home.  Of  the  subsequent  growth  of  the 
denomination  in  the  central  portions  of  the  State 
he  was  one  of  the  chief  instruments.  He  made 
himself  conspicuous  as  a  missionary  Baptist  at  a 
time  when  this  was  almost  a  name  of  reproach, 
and  was  among  the  foremost  in  the  formation  of 
Associations  in  Central  Illinois,  and  in  other  forms 
of  organic  enterprise,  lie  was  much  a  suflTerer  in 
the  last  years  of  his  life,  yet  in  his  suffering,  as  in 
his  serving,  he  was  still  an  example  of  Christian 
fidelity,  patience,  and  trust.  His  surviving  sons, 
Rev.  W.  C.  Van  Meter,  Edward  A.  Van  Meter,  and 
Jacob  II.  Van  Meter,  have  honored  his  memory  in 
their  lives  of  useful  service.  One  of  his  daughters, 
wife  of  Rev.  II.  G.  AVeston,  then  of  Peoria,  now 
president  of  Crozer  Theological  Seminary,  was, 
upon  her  death  in  1857,  fitly  represented  as  "  a 
lady  of  great  worth  and  devoted  piety." 

Van  Meter,  Rev.  W.  C,  was  born  near  Eliza- 
beth town,  Hardin  Co.,  Ky.,  Feb.  13,  1830.  When 
he  was  eleven  years  of  age  the  family  removed  to 
Illinois,  where  his  father,  Deacon  A.  W.  Van  Meter, 
became  conspicuous  as  an  active  Baptist  and  a  friend 
of  missions.  The  son  was  converted  at  the  age  of 
thirteen,  and  united  with  the  Pleasant  Grove  church, 
now  Tremont.  In  1837  he  entered  Shurtleff'  College, 
where  he  remained  a  year.  It  was  the  time  of  the 
great  abolition  excitement  in  that  quarter,  result- 
ing in  the  death  of  Rev.  E.  P.  Lovejoy  at  Alton,  at 
the  hands  of  a  mob.  Mr.  Van  Meter  was  one  of 
fourteen  young  men  who  pledged  themselves  to  de- 
fend Mr.  Lovejoy,  and  who  carried  him  home  after 
he  was  killed.  After  a  year  at  ShurtleS"  he  went 
to  Granville  College,  0.,  where  he  remained  until 
1843.  Upon  leaving  college  he  returned  to  Ken- 
tucky, teaching  and  preaching  in  that  State  and  in 
.  Illinois  until  1854,  when  he  removed  to  New  York 
City  and  began  his  important  work  there,  first  in 
connection  with  the  Five  Points  Mission.  In  May, 
1855,  he  took,  as  an  experiment,  his  first  company 
of  homeless  children  to  Illinois,  eighteen  in  num- 
ber. This  he  continued  until  1872,  visiting  the 
West  within  that  period  about  seventy  times,  and 
providing  homes  in  this  way  for  between  two  and 
three  thousand  children.  They  were  not  inden- 
tured, but  committed  to  the  honor  and  tenderness 
of  those  who  received  them.  In  June,  1861,  he 
founded  the  Howard  Mission,  or  Home  for  Little 
AVanderers,  in  the  Fourth  AVard,  connecting  this 
with  the  work  before  described.  In  Februai-y, 
1877,  he  was  appointed  by  the  Publication  So- 
ciety to  begin  a  mission  at  Rome.  In  1878.  the  so- 
ciety not  wishing  to  continue  its  appropriations, 
Mr.  Van  Meter,  under  a  new  organization,  the 
Italian  Bible  and  Sunday-School  Mission,  resumed 
it  upon  a  new  liasis.  In  Rome  the  mission  has  five 
schools. — for   boys,  for  girls,  for  infants,  a  night 


school  for  young  men,  and  a  school  among  the 
Jews.  It  also 'Sustains  a  teacher  in  Naples  and 
one  in  Milan.  Mr.  A'an  Meter  has  warm  support- 
ers in  various  denominations  in  this  country  and 
in  England,  and  prosecutes  his  work  with  an  en- 
thusiasm that  wins  friends  to  the  cause  wherever 
he  goes.  He  has  recently  retired  from  the  Roman 
Mission,  and  resumed  his  former  benevolent  labors 
in  New  York. 

Vaim,  Rev.  R.  T.,  graduated  at  AVake  Forest 
College  in  1874;  spent  two  years  at  the  Southern 
Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  and  is  now  pastor 
at  Enfield,  N.  C.  He  is  an  accomplished  scholar 
and  a  popular  preacher. 

Vardeman,  Rev.  Jeremiah,  was  born  in  Ken- 
tucky in  1775  ;  ordained  about  1801.  In  1810  he 
preached  at  Davis'  Fork,  Sulbegrud,  and  Grassy 
Lick  churches.  He  had  extensive  revivals  in  these 
churches.  In  1815  he  organized  a  church  in  Bards- 
town,  Ky.,  the  stronghold  of  Catholicism,  and  from 
a  revival  which  he  conducted.  In  1816  he  held  a 
meeting  in  Lexington,  Ky.,  and  orgajiized  a  church  ; 
also  the  same  year,  through  a  revival  meeting  in 
Loujsville,  Ky.,  he  formed  a  church.  He  visited 
Nashville,  Tenn.,  and  had  a  powerful  meeting  there, 
at  the  close  of  which  he  constituted  a  church,  and 
a  house  of  worship  was  built.  In  1828  he  had  a 
gracious  revival  in  Cincinnati,  in  which  over  one 
hundred  were  converted.  In  1830  he  removed  to 
Missouri.  He  and  Spencer  Black  organized  the 
Baptist  church  in  Palmyra,  Mo.  In  1834  he  pre- 
sided at  the  first  meeting  held  by  Baptists  in  Mis- 
souri for  general  missionary  work,  now  the  General 
Association.  AVhen  age  was  creeping  upon  him.  he 
visited  Sulphur  Springs  for  his  health  ;  during  his 
visit  he  preached,  seated  in  a  chair,  with  pathos 
and  power,  and  administered  baptism  for  the  last 
time. 

It  is  supposed  that  he  baptized  more  than  8000 
persons.  He  was  a  very  eloquent  preacher.  On 
Saturday  morning,  INIay  8,  1842.  he  called  his 
family  to  him,  bade  them  farewell,  and  sank  in 
death  like  a  child  falling  asleep,  in  the  sixty- 
seventh  year  of  his  age.  Labors  and  successes  have 
made  his  name  immortal. 

Vardeman,  Rev.  William  H.,  was  born  in  Fa- 
yette Co.,  Ky.,  in  1816  ;  came  with  his  father,  Jere- 
miah A^ardeman,  to  Missouri  in  1830.  He  was  bap- 
tized, in  1 833,  by  his  father.  He  was  ordained  in  1845. 
His  labors  have  been  abundantly  blessed  in  the 
conversion  of  great  numbers  in  Ralls,  Montgomery, 
and  Pike  Counties.  He  has  been  pastor  at  Pleas- 
ant Hill  church  for  twenty-seven  years. 

Varden,  George,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  an  eminent 
linguist  and  classical  scholar,  was  born  at  East 
Dereham,  County  of  Norfolk,  England,  Dec.  9, 1830. 
He  was  brought  up  in  the  Church  of  England,  but, 
while  attending  an  academy,  experienced  a  change 


VARNVM 


1189 


VASSAR 


of  heart,  and  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  a 
Baptist  church.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  was  li- 
censed to  preach,  and  soon  afterwards  came  to  the 
United  States.  After  traveling  in  this  country 
about  two  years,  he  entered  Georgetown  College, 
Ky.,  where  he  graduated  in  1858.  lie  was  imme- 
diately ordained,  and  bectame  the  pastor  of  the  Bap- 
tist churcii  in  Paris,  Ky.,  where  he  still  resides. 
lie  has  been  pastor,  at  different  periods,  of  the 
churches  utColemansville,  Florence,  Falmouth,  and 
Maysville.  He  has  also  taught  a  classical  school 
at  Paris.  lie  is  an  enthusiastic  student,  has  writ- 
ten much  for  the  periodical  press,  both  of  this 
country  and  Europe,  and  i.s  the  author  of  prize 
essays  on  various  subjects,  and  critical  reviews  of 
works  in  English,  Latin,  German,  Dutch,  and 
French.  lie  was  for  a  time  ah  acknowledged  con- 
tributor to  the  Eiicyflopcedia  Theologica  et  Ecde- 
siastica.  He  has  attained  a  reputation  for  critical 
scholarship  in  Europe  as  well  as  America. 

Vamum,  General  Joseph  Bradley,  a  brother 

of  Gen.  J.  M.  Varnum,  was  born  in  Dracut,  Mass., 
about  the  year  1750.  Like  his  brother  he  was 
distinguished  for  his  patriotism,  and  the  ardor 
with  which  he  entered  into  the  stirring  scenes  of 
the  Revolutionary  war.  He  was  chosen  a  member 
of  Congress  upon  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution, 
and  held  the  office  for  twelve  years,  during  four  of 
which  he  was  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives. -He  was  chosen  Senator  of  the  United  States 
in  1811.  He  was  a  member  also  of  three  Massa- 
chusetts State  conventions.  Besides  those  civil 
offices  he  was  elected  to  several  high  military 
posts,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  major- 
general  of  the  third  division  of  the  militia  of  Mas- 
sachusetts. '•  In  all  the  offices  he  sustained.  Gen. 
Varnuin  exhibited  an  assiduity  which  never  tired, 
and  an  integrity  above  suspicion."  For  reasons, 
which  doubtless  seemed  valid  to  himself,  he  did  not 
make  a  profession  of  his  faith  until  July  U,  ISl'J, 
when  he  was  baptized,  with  his  wife,  by  Rev.  C.  0. 
Kimball,  and  joined  the  church  in  Methuen,  Mass. 
Soon  after  his  baptism  a  Baptist  church  was  formed 
in  Dracut,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the  constituent 
members.  He  continued  an  active  member  of  the 
church  to  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred 
Sept.  11,  1821.  ''In  the  death  of  this  good  man," 
says  a  writer  in  noticing  the  death  of  Gen.  Varnum, 
"  liberty  has  lost  one  of  its  ablest  defenders,  and 
the  cause  of  Christianity  a  firm  friend  and  sup- 
porter." 

Vass,  Rev.  J.  L.,  is_  a  native  of  Monroe  Co., 
Va.  He  was  born  April  1,  1840.  lie  was  con- 
verted when  about  ten  years  of  age,  and  baptized 
some  two  years  later.  How  many  of  our  really 
useful  men  are  converted  early  !  Soon  after  his 
baptism  he  began  to  lead  in  prayer-meetings.  His 
college  course  was  interrupted  by  the  war,  through 


which  he  served  as  a  private  for  two  years,  and  as 
an  officer  afterwards  to  its  close.  He  then  resumed 
study  in  Richmond  College,  and  subsequently  went 
to  the  theological  seminary. 

He  located  as  pastor  of  the  Spartanburg  Baptist 
churcdi,  S.  C,  on  leaving  the  seminary,  and  re- 
peated efforts  to  induce  him  to  leave  the  church  of 
his  first  love  have  thus  far  failed. 

The  church  has  grown  rapidly  in  numbers,  ac- 
tivity, and  piety  under  his  care.  lie  has  in  a  high 
degree  the  first  quality  of  success  in  any  sphere  of 
life.     He  is  a  persistent  and  judicious  worker. 

Vassar  College,  an  institution  for  the  liberal 
education  of  young  women,  located  in  Poughkccp- 
sie,  N.  Y.,  was  founded  and  endowed  by  Matthew 
Vassar,  at  an  expense  to  him  of  more  than  $700,()()(). 
It  is  the  first  grand  completely  endowed  college  for 
young  women  ever  projected.  Although  Mr.  Vas- 
sar was  a  Baptist,  and  although  the  president  and 
a  majority  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  college  are 
Baptists,  it  is  in  no  sense  a  sectarian  institution. 
The  main  edifice  is  almost  500  feet  long  and  200 
feet  wide.  The  centre  buildings  and  wings  are  five 
stories  high  and  the  connecting  portions  four.  It 
has  accommodations  for  400  students,  rooms  for 
recitations,  lectures,  instruction  in  music  and  paint- 
ing, a  chapel,  dining-hall,  parlors,  a  library-room, 
an  art-gallery,  rooms  for  philosophical  apparatus, 
laboratories,  cabinets  of  natural  history,  apartments 
for  the  officers  of  the  institution,  and  for  the  ser- 
vants employed  in  it.  It  has  a  completely  fur- 
nished observatory,  a  spacious  gymnasium,  with 
rooms  for  a  riding-school,  bowling-alley,  and  cal- 
isthenics. Its  grounds  are  spacious,  handsomely 
planned,  and  elegantly  adorned.  The  success  of 
the  enterprise  has  justified  the  large  outlay  of 
money  to  inaugurate  it,  and  it  fully  meets  the  ex- 
pectations of  its  friends.     (See  cut  on  next  page.) 

S.  L.  Caldwell,  D.D.,  is  its  present  president. 

Vassar,  Rev.  D.  If .,  A.M.,  was  born  in  Bedford 
Co.,  Va.,  Dec.  5,  1847.  He  was  baptized  in  1868, 
and  entered  the  Richmond  Institute  the  same  year. 
After  a  three  years'  preliminary  course  here  he  en- 
tered the  grammar-school  of  Madison  University, 
and  was  graduated  from  the  college  in  1877  as 
Bachelor  of  Arts.  Immediately  after  he  was 
elected  Professor  of  Mathematics  in  Richmond  In- 
stitute, where  he  is  doing  good  service  in  the  cause 
of  higher  education.  He  has  consecrated  his  life 
to  the  work  of  elevating  the  colored  race  morally 
and  intellectually.  Prof.  Vassar  received  from 
Madison  University,  in  1880,  the  degree  of  Master 
of  Arts. 

Vassar,  Matthew,  was  bom  in  East  Dereham, 
in  the  county  of  Norfolk,  Kngland,  April  2'J,  1792. 
His  ancestors  were  from  France,  and  the  name  was 
spelled  Vasseur.  One  of  the  Levasseurs  accom- 
panied Lafayette  to  America  as  his  secretary.    His 


VASSAR 


1190 


r AUG  HAN 


parents  were  Baptists.  In  179G  they  came  to 
America  and  settled  in  Poughkeepsie.  Soon  they 
commenced  the  manufacture  of  "  lionie-brewed 
ale,'"  which  grew  into  the  great  establishment  known 
as  Vassar's  brewery.  The  .son  Matthew  was  averse 
to  the  business,  and  commenced  fco  learn  another, 
when  his  father's  establishment  was  burned,  his 
brother  was  killed  in  trying  to  save  some  of  the 
property,  and  he  resolved  to  aid  his  parents  to  re- 
vive the  business.  Thus  he  commenced  a  business 
which  he  pursued  for  more  than  fifty  years.     In 


was  ordained  in  the  city  of  his  birth  when  at  the 
age  of  twenty-two.  lie  was  called  to  Amenia  in 
1857,  where  he  remained  eight  years.  lie  had  one 
year's  leave  of  absence  (or  service  in  the  field  as 
chaplain  of  the  150th  Regiment  of  N.  Y.  Vols. 
The  regiment  was  attached  to  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac,  and  he  was  with  it  in  several  battles, 
including  Gettysburg.  He  became  pastor  of  the 
First  church  of  Lynn,  Mass.,  in  1865  ;  then  of 
Flemington  in  1872.  Mr.  Vassar  is  a  popular 
preacher,  a  brilliant  lecturer,  a  good  organizer,  and 


VASSAR   COLLEGE. 


1845  he,  with  his  wife,  visited  Eui-ope,  and  then 
conceived  the  plan  of  devoting  his  great  wealth  to 
the  common  welfare.  After  long  contemplation  he 
resolved  to  found  a  first-class  college  for  young 
women,  complete  in  all  its  appointments,  and  well 
endowed.  Being  a  Baptist  in  principle,  he  put  it 
under  Baptist  control,  but  arranged  that  it  should 
not  be  denominational  in  its  teaching  or  manage- 
ment. In  his  address  at  the  organization  of  the 
board  he  said,  "All  sectarian  influences  should  be 
carefully  excluded,  but  the  training  of  our  students 
should  never  be  intrusted  to  the  skeptical,  the  irre- 
ligious, or  the  immoral."  This  munificent  gift  to 
the  cause  of  higher  education  amounts  to  more  than 
1700,000.  He  died  on  conimencomont-day  while 
reading  his  annual  address,  -June  23,  1868. 

Vassar,  Rev.  Thomas  Edwin,  was  bom  at 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  3,  1834.  lie  was  early 
converted,  and  joined  the  church  there.  He  pursued 
theological   studies   with   Dr.  Rufus  Babcock,  and 


a  genial  man.  His  life  of  his  relative,  John  Yas- 
sar,  gathers  interest  not  only  from  the  worth  of 
its  subject  but  from  the  attractive  style  of  the  au- 
thor. When  Dr.  Smith  resigned  the  secretaryship 
of  the  State  Convention,  Mr.  Yassar  was  sponta- 
neously chosen  as  his  successor,  and  he  is  ably  fill- 
ing the  place. 

Vaughan,  Rev.  E.  L.,  was  born  in  Carroll  Co., 
Ya.,  Jan.  26,  1845,  and  was  loft  an  orphan  at  an 
early  age.  Though  only  sixteen  at  the  opening  of 
our  civil  war,  he  enlisted  in  the  army  and  served 
until  -nts  close.  He  was  converted  in  the  army 
during  the  j^ear  1862,  and  began  to  preach  in  1874. 
He  was  ordained  at  Macon,  Ga.,  in  1876,  studied 
one  term  in  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Sem- 
inary, and  then  entered  upon  a  useful  and  laborious 
career  as  a  missionary  of  the  State  Mission  Board. 
He  is  an  exceedingly  zealous,  faithful,  and  hard- 
working minister  of  the  gospel. 

Vaughan,  Henry,  was  born  at  St.  JIartins, 


VAUGHAN 


1191 


VA  UGHAN 


New  Brunswick,  wliere,  in  1(S28,  he  wiis  converted 
and  baptized  under  tlie  ministry  of  Rev.  Mr.  Coy. 
lie  is  now  a  nieniher  of  Germain  Street  Baptist 
church,  St.  John,  New  Brunswick.  He  is  a  wealthy 
ship-owner  in  that  city,  and  contributes  liberally  to 
the  support  of  the  church  and  to  denominational 
enterprises. 

Vaughan,  Rev.  Henry,  son  of  Simon  Vaughan, 
of  St.  Martin's,  New  Brunswick,  was  converted 
and  Itaptized  at  Wolfville,  Nova  Scotia.  He  was  a 
f^raduate  of  Acadia  College,  and  studied  theology 
at  Newton.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  at  St.  George,  New  Brunswick,  Jan.  8, 
I8G2,  and  in  18(53  took  charge  of  the  Germain 
Street  Baptist  church,  St.  John,  New  Brunswick. 
He  died  Aug.  12,  1864,  deeply  lamented  by  his 
brethren  in  the  provinces. 

Vaughan,  Rev.  Howell,  was  a  native  of  AVales, 
and  a  minister  of  the  Baptist  denomination.  In  1(333 
a  Baptist  church  was  formed  at  Olchron,in  AVales, 
of  which  Mr.  Vaughan  was  first  a  member,  and 
afterwards  the  pastor.  He  was  among  the  earliest 
of  our  brethren  in  modern  times  to  preach  the  gos- 
pel to  his  countrymen.  He  signed  the  minutes  of 
the  meeting  of  the  Ministerial  Association  which 
met  at  Abergavenny  in  1653. 

Vaughan,  Rev.  Thomas  M.,  son  of  Rev.  Wil- 
liam Vaughan,  D.I).,  was  Ijorn  in  Mason  Co.,  Ky., 
June  11,  1825.  He  was  educated  with  much  care 
under  several  teachers.  He  finished  his  literary 
education  at  Georgetown  College  in  1846.  lie  then 
entered  upon  the  study  of  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1847.  He  established  himself  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Versailles,  Ky.  He 
soon  acquired  a  good  reputation  as  a  lawyer,  and 
for  a  short  time  acted  in  the  capacity  of  circuit 
judge.  But  the  strong  conviction  of  duty  to 
preach  the  gospel,  which  he  had  felt  in  his  youth, 
returned  with  such  force  that,  in  1854,  he  resolved 
to  abandon  the  law  and  give  himself  to  the  minis- 
try. He  was  licensed  to  preach  in  February,  1855, 
and  ordained  to  the  pastorate  of  Burk's  Branch 
church  in  Shelby  Co.,  Ky.,  the  following  Septem- 
ber. The  nest  j'ear  he  accepted  the  care  of  Clay 
Village  church,  in  the  same  county.  He  ministered 
to  these  churches  until  1858,  when  he  was  called 
to  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Bowling  Green, 
where  he  succeeded  Dr.  J.  M.Pendleton.  In  1861 
he  returned  to  Shelby  County  and  took  charge  of 
Simpsonville  church.  Tiiere  he  remained  nearly 
ten  years,  taking  rank  with  the  l)est  preachers  of 
the  State.  While  here  he  supplied  at  different 
periods  the  churches  at  Buck  Creek,  Salem,  and 
Lawrenceburg.  In  December,  1870,  he  accepted  a 
call  to  the  church  at  Danville,  where  he  still  re- 
mains. In  1878  he  wrote  and  published  the  life 
of  his  father,  which  was  favorably  received. 

Vaughan,  William,  D.D.,  an  eminent  minister 


of  the  gospel  in  Kentucky,  was  born  in  Westmore- 
land Co.,  Pa.,  Feb.  22,  1785.  His  parents  removed 
to  Kentucky  when  he  was  about  three  years  old, 
and  his  youth  was  spent  in  the  wilderness  of  the 


WILLIAM    VACGHAX,  D.D. 

great  Southwest.  Upon  arriving  at  manhood  he 
manifested  a  strong  logical  mind  and  great  fondness 
for  study.  He  adopted  a  mechanical  pursuit,  and 
having  married,  located  in  Winchester,  Ky.  He 
pi-ocured  the  writings  of  Paine,  Volney,  and  Vol- 
taire, professed  himself  a  deist,  and  united  with 
an  infidel  club.  About  three  years  after  this,  in 
1810,  he  was  converted  to  Christ,  and  became  a 
meml)er  of  a  Baptist  church  in  Clark  Co.,  Ky. 
Was  licensed  to  preach  in  1811,  ordained  in  1812, 
and,  applying  himself  to  study  with  great  indus- 
try, made  rapid  advancement,  and  became  not 
only  a  good  English  scholar,  but  possessed  con- 
siderable attainments  in  the  Greek  language  and 
literature.  Soon  after  his  ordination  he  settled  in 
Mason  County,  where  he  preached  to  several 
churches,  and  taught  school  about  fifteen  years. 
In  1827  he  removed  to  Ohio,  where  he  remained 
one  year,  and  returned  to  Kentucky.  He  was 
now  brought  into  conflict  with  the  disciples  of 
Caiiipbell,  who  were  making  many  proselytes. 
Being  the  only  minister  in  Kentucky  at  that  time 
who  was  able  to  grapple  successfully  with  the  ad- 
herents of  the  new  doctrine,  he  was  encouraged  by 
the  churches  to  defend  their  principles  against  the 
assaults  of  Mr.  Campbell,  and  devoted  himself 
with  great  energy  and  extraordinary  ability  to  this 
work.     In  1831   he  accepted   the   appointment  of 


V AUG  HAN 


1192 


VA  WTER 


general  agent  for  the  American  Sunday-school 
Union,  and  continued  in  its  employment  two  and  a 
half  years,  in  the  face  of  considerable  opposition, 
establisiiing  about  a  hundred  schools.  In  1835  he 
accepted  the  position  of  general  agent  for  Kentucky 
for  the  American  Bible  Society.  Six  months  afcer- 
wards  the  Baptists  withdrew  from  the  society-,  and 
he  resigned.  In  1836  he  accepted  a  call  to  the 
pastorate  of  Bloonifield  church  in  Nelson  County. 
Here,  as  elsewhere,  he  was  held  in  high  esteem. 
He  preached  to  Bloomfield  church  thirty-two  years. 
In  1868,  in  consequence  of  an  injury  received  by 
a  fall,  he  resigned  his  pastoral  charge,  in  his 
eighty-fourth  year,  but  continued  to  be  a  close 
student,  and  to  preach  as  his  strength  would  serve 
him,  until  he  was  over  ninety-two  years  of  age. 
It  is  probable  that  no  minister  in  Kentucky  was 
ever  more  universally  loved  and  honored.  He  died 
March  31,  1877. 
Vaughan,  Wm.  E,.,  A.M.,  M.D,,  principal  of 

the  Gordonsville  Female  Institute,  was  bcyn  in  Eliz- 
abeth City  Co.,  Va.,  in  1827.  The  earlier  part  of 
his  education  was  obtained  at  Hampton  Academy 
and  at  the  Columbian  College,  after  which  he  was 
graduated  at  William  and  Mary  College.  After 
having  graduated  in  medicine  also,  at  the  Virginia 
Medical  College,  Richmond,  he  took  a  course  of 
lectures  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
soon  after  entered  upon  an  extensive  and  lucrative 
practice.  He  was  baptized,  in  1848,  by  Dr.  Jeter, 
and  became  a  member  of  the  First  church,  Rich- 
mond. Early  in  the  wa,r,  Dr.  V-aughan  was  selected 
as  one  of  Gen.  Magruder's  personal  staff  at  York- 
town,  and  served  with  great  bravery  and  efficiency. 
In  August  of  1861  he  was  •appointed  full  surgeon 
with  the  rank  of  major ;  resigned,  and  took  a 
cavalry  command,  which,  owing  to  ill  health,  he 
also  resigned  in  June  of  1862.  In  1864  he  was 
placed  in  command  of  the  general  hospital  at 
Petersburg,  where  he  did  noble  service,  and  was 
acknowledged  to  be  one  of  tiie  most  skillful  sur- 
geons in  the  Confederate  service.  After  the  close 
of  the  war.  Dr.  Vaughan  pursued  his  medical  pro- 
fession with  eminent  success.  He  has  always  been 
deeply  interested  in  Sunday-scliool  work  and  edu- 
cational movements.  As  a  Sunday-school  organizer 
he  has  but  few  equals,  while  as  a  Sunday-school 
teacher,  superintendent,  and  lecturer  he  has  been 
very  successful.  In  1869  he  was  invited  to  take 
charge  of  the  Bristol  Female  College,  Tenn.,  where 
he  remained  one  session,  and  then  accepted  the 
position  of  principal  of  the  Culpeper  Institute, 
Va.,  where  he  built  up  in  a  short  time  one  of  the 
most  flourishing  female  seminaries  in  the  State. 
At  the  earnest  solicitation  of  many  friends  and 
prominent  gentlemen,  Dr.  Vaughan  opened  a 
school  of  high  grade  for  young  ladies  at  Gordons- 
ville, where  he  is  putting  on  solid  foundations  one 


of  the  best  institutions  of  the  kind  in  Virginia. 
Had  Dr.  Vaughan"s  health  permitted  him  to  remain 
in  the  practice  of  his  profession,  he  would  easily 
have  acquired  distinction  and  wealth.  As  a  teacher, 
he  is  enthusiastic  and  instructive,  winning  the  at- 
tention and  love  of  all  who  come  under  his  care. 
His  labors  as  a  Christian  layman  are  numerous 
and  successful,  being  specially  interested  in  efiForts 
to  develop  a  higher  education,  sanctified  by  divine 
truth.  As  a  writer,  he  is  vigorous  and  instructive, 
being  thoroughly  familiar  with  the  manj'  and 
varied' questions  that  touch  upon  science  and  re- 
ligion. He  is  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  press,* 
both  secular  and  religious.  His  varied  stores  of 
information  make  him  a  most  interesting  conver- 
sationalist, and  his  genial  social  qualities  render 
him  a  most  companionable  co-laborer  in  the  dif- 
ferent fields  of  Christian,  literary,  and  scientific 
activity  in  which  he  is  so  usefully  enlisted.  Colum- 
bian University  conferred  the  honorary  degree  of 
A.M.  on  Dr.  Vaughan  in  1881. 

Vawter,  Rev.  Jesse,  was  borji  in  Culpeper 

Co.,  Va.,  Dec.  1,  1755.  He  was  converted  in  1774, 
and  joined  the  Rapidan  Baptist  church.  In  1781 
he  was  drafted  as  a  soldier  for  a  few  months.  In 
1790  he  removed  to  Kentucky,  and  in  1806  to  In- 
diana. He  was  ordained  in  1800.  Among  other 
utterances  on  "a  call  to  the  ministry"  we  record 
this,  written  by  his  own  pen  :  ''  But  I  do  believe 
the  best  evidence  a  man  can  have  that  it  is  his  duty 
to  preach  is  the  voice  of  his  brethren,  for  no  man 
is  a  proper  judge  of  himself;  he  will  judge  too 
high  or  too  low  of  his  own  performances."  lie 
helped  to  constitute  twelve  churches  and  three 
Associations.  He  was  regarded  as  a  father  in  all 
Southern  Indiana;  from  his  judgment  in  matters 
of  doctrine  or  polity  there  was  no  disposition  to 
dissent.  His  four  sons^-John,  William,  Achilles, 
and  James — were  all  prominent  men  in  the  church. 
They  were  all  Baptists.  He  died  March  20,  1838. 
Vawter,  Rev.  John,  oldest  son  of  Jesse  and 
Elizabeth  Vawter,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1782,  in  Madi- 
son Co.,  Va.  His  father  removed  to  Kentucky  in 
1790.  Ten  years  afterwards  his  son  made  a  public 
profession  of  faith  in  Christ,  and  joined  a  Baptist 
church  near  Frankfort.  In  1807  he  removed  across 
the  Ohio  into  Indiana,  and  built  a  house  in  the 
forest,  where  North  ^ladison  now  stands.  He 
here  joined  the  Mount  Pleasant  church.  He  was 
the  firs't  magistrate  of  JIadison.  He  was  appointed 
sheriff  of  Jefferson  and  Clarke  Counties.  President 
ISIadison  appointed  him  U.  S.  marshal  for  Indiana. 
In  1815  he  removed  farther  north,  and  began  the 
building  of  a  town,  which  he  called  Vernon.  In 
1816  he  and  seven  others  formed  the  Vernon  Bap- 
tist church.  In  May,  1821,  he  was  ordained  to  the 
ministry.  In  1831  he  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the 
lower  house  of  the  State  Legislature,  and  in  1836 


VEAZY 


1193 


VERMONT 


was  sent  to  the  State  senate.  lie  was  colonel  of 
militia  from  1817  to  1821.  lie  was  also  a  vice- 
president  of  the  convention  that  nominated  Presi- 
dent Taylor.  lie  was  an  acknowledged  leader 
among  the  Baptists  of  his  State,  having  been  fore- 


REV.  JOHN-    VAH'TER. 

most  in  the  organization  of  many  churches  and 
Associations.  His  heart  swelled  with  the  desire 
of  liberty  for  mankind.  He  never  concealed  his 
sympathy  for  the  enslaved  race.  In  1848  he  re- 
moved to  Morgantown,  where  he  formed  a  chiircli, 
and  labored  till  his  death.  He  was  straightfor- 
ward and  positive.  He  had  a  kind  heart,  and  was 
very  thoughtful  of  tlie  happiness  of  others.  He 
never  concealed  his  iiatred  of  tobacco.  He  died  at 
his  home  in  Morgantown,  Aug.  17,  1872. 

Veazy,  Deacon  John,  the  contemporary  and 
fellow-laborer  of  .lessc  Mercer,  was  born  in  North 
(/'arolina,  March  29,  1769.  He  came  to  Georgia  in 
his  youth,  in  company  with  his  parents,  and,  not 
long  afterwards,  was  baptized  by  Silas  Mercer,  and 
received  into  the  Powelton  church,  Hancock  Co., 
of  which  church  he  remained  a  mcmljer  until  his 
death.  He  developed  into  a  Christian  of  rare  ex- 
cellence and  usefulness. 

He  entered  into  the  missionary  enterprise  with 
all  his  heart,  and  stood  side  by  side  with  those 
who  formed  the  first  missionary  society  in  the 
State.  '  The  fast  friend  of  all  the  benevolent  opera- 
tions of  his  day,  he  was  particularly  zealous  in  the 
distribution  of  tracts  throughout  his  neighborhood. 
While  taking  a  deep  interest  in  the  cause  of  Christ 
generally,  the  welfare  of  the  old  Powelton  church 
76 


lay  especially  near  his  heart,  and,  during  the 
period  of  its  greatest  prosperity,  he  took  the  lead 
in  every  good  word  and  work.  He  died  Nov.  8,. 
1847,  in  the  seventy-ninth  year  of  his  age.  Ilisf 
name  is  yet  a  household  word  in  Hancock  County. 

Venable,  Rev.  R.  A.,  pastor  at  Helena,  Ark., 
was  born  in  (ii^orgia,  hut  reared  in  Arkansas.  He 
was  educated  at  Mississippi  College,  where  he  grad- 
uated with  the  first  honors  of  bis  class  in  1876. 
After  iiis  graduation  he  took  charge  of  the  high 
school  at  Eldorado,  Ark.,  for  two  years.  He  was 
then  called  to  Okalona,  Miss.,  where  he  remained 
two  years.  He  entered  his  present  important  field 
in  the  beginning  of  the  present  year  (1880).  Mr. 
Venable  is  a  fine  scholar,  an  eloquent  preacher,  and 
a  sound  theologian,  and  is  fast  taking  a  prominent 
position  among  the  rising  young  men  in  the  South. 

Vermont  Baptists. — In  17GS  the  first  Baptist 
church  in  what  is  now  the  >State  of  N'ermont  was 
formed  in  the  town  of  Shaftsbury.  It  arose  out 
of  the  New-Light  movement,  and  in  1788  it  had 
become  the  mother  of  three  other  churches  in  the 
same  town.  The  second  church  in  A'ermont  was 
organized  in  the  town  of  Pownal  in  1773.  These 
two  towns  were  the  seats  (rathcdra;)  of  Baptist  in- 
fluence and  missionary  effort  for  a  considerable 
period  in  Vermont.  Towards  the  close  of  the 
Revolutionary  war  the  county  of  Windsor  in- 
creased rapidly  in  population,  and  witii  the  new 
residents  several  Baptist  ministers  found  their  way 
to  that  section  of  Vermont.  A  chui'ch  was  formed 
in  Woodstock  in  1780,  of  which  Rev.  Elisha  Han- 
som became  pastor.  Between  1780  and  1790  there 
were  thirty-two  churches  established  in  Vermont, 
making  with  the  five  previously  formed  thirty-seven 
churches,  in  which  there  were  28  ordained  minis- 
ters and  IfiOO  communicants.  This  was  a  time  of 
great  zeal,  prayer,  and  effort,  and  the  blessing  of 
God  descended  in  great  power  upon  the  struggling 
Baptist  communities  of  the  Green  Mountain  State. 

The  Baptists  suffered  severely  from  the  tyranny 
of  the  "standing  order"  at  this  period  in  Vermont, 
and  it  was  only  after  years  of  persistent  labor  that 
the  disabilities  under  which  they  groaned  were  re- 
moved, and  the  complete  separation  of  Church  and 
State  was  accomplished. 

The  Shaftsbury,  the  first  Baptist  Association, 
was  established  in  1780;  of  the  five  churches  com- 
posing it,  two  belonged  to  Vermont  and  three  to 
New  York  and  Massachusetts.  The  Woodstock 
Association  was  organized  in  1783  from  churches 
located  in  Vermont  and  in  New  Hampshire.  The 
church  of  Canaan,  of  which  Dr.  Thomas  Baldwin, 
subsequently  of  Boston,  was  pastor,  was  one  of 
the  constituent  members  of  this  Association.  The 
celebrated  Aaron  Leland,  lieutenant-governor  of 
Vermont,  was  one  of  the  early  ministers  of  the 
AVoodstock  Association.    The  Vermont  Association 


VERY 


1194 


VIXCE 


"vras  formed  in  1785  of  five  churches.  There  are 
seven  Associations  in  the  State,  the  lar<];est  of  which 
is  the  Lamoille,  and  the  smallest  the  Vermont  Cen- 
tral. In  these  seven  Associations  there  are  114 
churches,  79  pastors,  and  9870  members.  There 
are  101  Baptist  Sunday-schools  ia  the  State,  with 
1162  officers  and  teachers,  and  929r  scholars. 
During  the  year  §6563.73  were  given  for  benevo- 
lent objects.  While  many  of  the  churches  are 
weak,  owing  to  removals  to  the  West,  others  are 
enjoying  encouraging  prosperity. 

Tiie  Baptist  Convention,  was  organized  in  1825, 
and  has  rendered  blessed  service  in  spreading  the 
gospel  in  Vermont.  Its  officers  in  1880  were,  Presi- 
dent, Rev.  D.  Spencer ;  Vice-Presidents,  Rev.  M.  A. 
Wilcox,  Col.  J.  J.  Estey ;  Secretary,  Rev.  W.  II. 
Rugg;  Treasurer,  Gen.  George  F.  Davis.  Vermont 
has  also  a  Baptist  Historical  Society  and  a  Baptist 
Sabbath-School  Convention. 

Vermont  Baptists  have  been  the  warm  friends 
of  education  -,  they  aided  Hamilton,  and  they  have 
sustained  academies  among  themselves  with  great 
liberality.  They  have  placed  a  number  of  distin- 
guished men  in  the  governor's  chair  and  in  other 
secular  positions,  as  well  as  in  the  ministry ;  and 
they  have  given  to  sister  States  some  of  our  finest 
scholars,  most  distinguished  educators,  and  ablest 
preachers. 

Very,  Rev.  Edward  D.,  A.M.,  was  born  in 

Salem,  Mass.;  graduated  from  Dartmouth  College; 
ordained  pastor  at  Calais,  Me. ;  became  pastor  at 
Portland  and  at  St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  De- 
cember, 1846  :  he  was  the  founder  of  the  Christian 
Visitor,  commenced  in  1847,  and  continued  its 
editor  until  his  death,  June.  7,  1852,  which  occurred 
in  returning  from  a  geological  expedition  to  Cape 
Blomedon.  Mr.  Very,  Prof.  Chipman,  and  four 
students  of  Acadia  College  were  drowned  in  the 
Basin  of  Mines.  The  Portland  church  and  the 
denomination  were  sadly  bereaved.  Mr.  Very 
was  a  sound  theologian,  an  able  preacher,  a  good 
counselor,  and  an  excellent  writer. 

Videto,  Rev.  Nathaniel,  was  born  in  Annapo- 
lis Co.,  Nova  Scotia;  was  conveVted  and  baptized 
in  1828  ;  was  ordained  successor  to  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Ainslie  in  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church,  AVil- 
mot.  Nova  Scotia,  May  10,  1832,  and  continued  in 
that  office  for  forty  years,  during  which  time  large 
additions  wore  made  to  the  momlicrship  of  the 
church.  Mr.  Videto  is  a  powerful  advocate  of 
temperance  and  prohil)ition. 

Vince,  Rev.  Charles,  was  bom  in  the  small  town 
of  Farnham,  in  Surrey,  Fjugland,  in  1823.  In  his 
youth  he  diligently  improved  his  mind  by  study 
and  extensive  reading.  Roared  among  tlie  Congrc- 
gatiiinalists,  he  became  convinced  of  the  Scriptural 
authority  of  believers'  immersion,  and  was  bap- 
tized.    When  lie  began  to  preach  in  the  neighlwr- 


ing  villages  he  leaped  at  once  into  popularity.  In 
1848,  at  the  age  of  twenty-five,  he  entered  Stepney 
College,  and  at  the  end  of  his  course  accepted  a 
call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Graham  Street  church, 
Birmingham.  The  church  met  in  a  large  building 
known  as  Mount  Zion  chapel.     The  congregation 


REV.  CHARLES    VINCE. 

was  small,  and  the  debt  on  the  building  was  a 
heavy  burden.  But  the  young  pastor  showed  that 
he  was  equal  to  the  situation.  The  spacious  chapel 
soon  became  filled  with  hearers,  and  every  good 
work  was  vigorously  prosecuted  by  his  people, 
led  and  animated  by  their  large-hearted  and  saga- 
cious pastor.  His  sterling  common  sense  and  prac- 
tical wisdom  were  as  conspicuous  <as  his  oratorical 
powers,  whilst  his  simple  piety  and  brotherly 
affection  won  the  hearts  of  all  who  came  into  per- 
sonal contact  with  him.  In  all  the  midlnnd  dis- 
trict of  England  he  was  by  common  consent  looked 
up  to  as  the  bishop  of  the  Baptists.  His  course 
was  one  of  unbroken  harmony  with  his  people,  and 
it  was  brilliantly  successful.  lie  was  greatly  sougiit 
after  for  extraordinary  services,  and,  so  far  as  he 
was  able,  he  held  himself  ready  to  serve  every  good 
cause.'  The  London  May  meetings'  programme  was 
scarcely  ever  published  during  the  last  ten  or  twelve 
years  of  his  life  without  his  name  in  the  list  for  a 
sermon  or  a  speech.  As  a  preacher,  Mr.  Vince 
early  attained  a  standard  nearly  approaching  the 
general  ideal  of  perfection.  The  common  peo]ile 
heard  him  gladly,  while  the  cultured  and  refined 
always  found  interest  and  instruction.  His  illus- 
trations Avere  generally  Biblical,  and  he  was  re- 


VIRGINIA 


1195 


VIRGINIA 


markably  fond  of  Bunyan's  vivid  imagery  and 
quaint  humor.  For  several  years  the  great  city 
•of  Birmingham  regarded  Charles  Vinco  as  one 
of  her  chief  champions  of  civil  and  religious  lil)- 
€rty,  and  an  able  leader  and  counselor  in  all  phil- 
anthropic enterprises.  On  the  school  board  and  on 
the  board  of  guardians  of  the  poor,  in  the  great 
gatherings  of  citizens  in  the  tovvn-hall,  Mr.  Vince 
was  always  to  be  depended  on  for  wisdom  not  less 
than  eloquence.  He  was,  indeed,  a  public  man  of 
the  noblest  mould.  How  well  he  served  the  com- 
munity in  the  esteem  of  his  fellow-citizens  was  tes- 
tified at  his  funeral  by  the  representatives  of  all 
■classes  and  parties  and  sects.  The  chief  magistrate 
■of  Birmingham,  and  deputations  from  all  the  pub- 
lic bodies,  the  ministers  of  the  various  Noncon- 
formist churches,  several  of  the  Established  clergy, 
the  Jewish  rabbi,  and  one  of  the  dignitaries  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church,  assembled  around  the 
grave  to  express  not  only  their  personal  respect, 
but  the  universal  sense  of  an  irreparable  loss. 
Baptists  from  all  parts  of  the  country  were  like- 
wise present  to  mourn  with  their  bereaved  brethren 
•of  the  neighborhood.  In  the  very  prime  of  his 
powers  and  reputation,  only  fifty-one  years  of  age, 
Jie  died  Oct.  22,  1.S74.  His  end  was  peace.  The 
doctrine  of  the  Cross,  which  had  ever  been  promi- 
nent in  his  preaching,  was  dear  to  him  in  death. 
Among  his  last  articulate  utterances  was  heard 
the  words, — 

"  Bock  of  ages,  cleft  for  nie, 
Let  me  hide  myself  in  thee." 

Virginia,  The  Baptist  General  Association 

of. — The  first  General  Assemblies  of  Baptists  in 
this  State  were  called  Yearly  Meetings.  These 
were  mass-meetings  for  worship  and  conference, 
usually  held  in  May  and  October,  and  began  as 
•early  as  1750.  When,  from  denominational  growth, 
they  became  inconvenient,  District  Associations 
were  formed  composed  of  delegates  from  churches. 
The  first  District  Association  composed  wholly  of 
Virginia  Baptist  churches  was  the  Ketockton,  or- 
ganized Aug.  ly,  1766.  It  comprised  four  churches, 
three  of  which  had  been  dismissed  from  the  Phila- 
delphia Association  in  176.5  for  this  purpose.  May 
11,  1771,  at  Craig's  meeting-house,  in  Orange 
County,  twelve  churches  formed  the  General  As- 
sociation of  Separate  Baptists  in  Virginia,  called 
also  llapidan  Association.  At  its  meeting  in  1775 
it  included  si.xty  churches. 

Severe  persecutions  caused  vigorous  efforts  to 
secure  religious  liberty.  A  general  combination 
of  Baptists  became  necessary,  and  they  organized, 
Oct.  9,  1784,  a  General  Committee  composed  of  del- 
egates from  District  Associations.  This  continued 
until  May,  1800,  when  the  General  Meeting  of 
■Correspondence  was  formed,  with  composition  and 
objects  similar  to  those  of  the  General  Committee. 


AVhen  security  of  conscience,  worship,  and  privi- 
leges had  become  assured  by  law,  the  churches 
turned  to  missions  and  other  general  work.  The 
conception  of  a  General  Association  for  missionary, 
educational,  Bible,  Sunday-school,  and  other  enter- 
prises originated  in  a  conversation  between  the 
Rev.  James  Fife  and  the  Rev.  Edwaid  Baptist,  and 
on  June  7,  1823,  the  Baptist  General  Association 
of  Virginia  was  formed  at  a  meeting  held  in  the 
Second  Baptist  church  in  Richmond,  Va.  Fifteen 
delegates  and  a  few  visitors  were  present,  none  of 
whom  survive.  Robert  B.  Semple  was  the  first 
moderator.  Win.  Todd  was  clerk.  Robert  B. 
Semple  preached  the  introductory  sermon.  There 
were  then  in  the  State  20  District  Associations 
with  about  40,000  members,  white  and  colored. 
The  first  missionaries  of  the  General  Association 
were  Daniel  Witt  and  Jeremiah  Bell  Jeter.  The 
General  Association  gradually  secured  the  co-oper- 
ation of  all  the  Baptists  in  the  State  except  a  small 
number  opposed  to  "  modern  societies,"  and  calling 
themselves  "  Old-School  Baptists."  The  growth 
of  the  General  Association  has  been  regular  and 
rapid ;  its  sessions  have  been  always  well  attended 
and  harmonious,  its  supporters  zealous  and  liberal, 
and  its  work  greatly  blessed.  At  the  semi-centen- 
nial meeting  held  with  the  Second  Baptist  church 
in  Richmond,  Va.,  it  had  137  life-members,  of 
whom  62  were  present.  There  were  present  over 
1000  delegates,  and  100  visitors  from  other  States 
or  general  organizations. 

The  General  Association  is  composed  of  life- 
members,  made  such  on  payment  of  $200  to  its 
objects,  and  annual  members  contributing  $25 
yearly,  or  delegates  from  contributing  churches, 
societies,  etc.  Each  member  must  be  "  an  orderly 
member  of  some  regular  Baptist  church."  It  has 
a  president,  four  vice-presidents,  a  treasurer,  a  sec- 
retary and  assistants,  a  statistical  secretary,  and 
five  boards,  which  administer  its  plans  and  work, 
and  which  report  annually.  Its  boards  are  State, 
foreign  and  home  missions,  education  and  Sunday- 
school  and  Bible.  It  has  a  Ministers'  Relief  and 
an  Historical  Society.  All  business  is  transacted 
in  Associational  sessions  and  not  by  the  separate 
"  Society"  system.  The  annual  receipts  have  risen 
to  the  aggregate  of  over  $24,000,  which  includes 
only  what  passes  through  its  own  treasury.  It 
employs  44  State  missionaries.  Since  1863  the 
cobired  Baptists  have  formed  and  maintained  sepa- 
rate organizations  in  Virginia.  The  General  Asso- 
ciation includes  22  District  Associations,  comprising 
677  churches,  379  ministers,  and  66,715  members. 
In  the  whole  State  there  are  32  Associations,  1346 
churches,  718  ministers,  and  207,559  members.  In 
1832  the  Education  Society  founded  the  Virginia 
Baptist  Seminary,  which  Iiecame,  in  1843,  Rich- 
mond College.     It   has   educated   for  the  ministry 


VIRGINIA 


1196 


VOGELL 


about  300  young  men.  A  ver}'  large  part  of  the 
Baptist  churches  in  Virginia,  and  most  of  those  in 
West  Virginia,  were  organized  through  the  labors 
of  the  missionaries  of  the  General  Association,  the 
efficient  secretary  of  its  State  Mission  Board,  the 
Hon.  Henry  K.  Ellyson,  having  for  many  years 
zealously  performed  his  labors  without  pecuniary 
reward. 

Among  the  officers  and  members  of  the  General 
Association  have  been  some  of  the  most  pious, 
prominent,  and  honored  Baptists  in  the  land.  The 
organization  has  secured  unity  of  energies  and 
given  a  great  impulse  to  the  enterprise  of  Virginia 
Baptists.  Its  meetings  are  largely  attended,  devo- 
tional, and  spirited.  Its  policy  has  ever  been  ex- 
pansive, aggressive,  and  prudent.  Many  thrilling 
events  mark  its  history.  It  has  occupied  destitute 
sections,  aided  feeble  churches,  established  Sunday- 
schools,  built  "  church  houses,"  and  participated  in 
all  good  work  for  gospel  growth.  Virginia  Baptists 
love  and  sustain  it,  and,  best  of  all,  GTod  blesses  it. 

Virginia,  Baptists  of. ^— The  earliest  account 
of  any  Baptists  in  Virginia  is  the  statement  of  Rev. 
Morgan  Edwards,  that,  in  1695,  there  were  some 
Baptists  in  North  Carolina  who  had  gone  over 
from  Virginia  to  escape  the  intolerance  of  the  laws 
of  the  latter  colony.  The  first  organized  church 
of  which  we  find  mention  is  that  at  Burley,  Isle  of 
Wight  Co.,  to  which.,  in  1714,  the  Rev.  Robert 
Nordain  came  from  England  as  pastor.  From 
labors  in  this  vicinity  several  churches  were  formed, 
which  in  part  composed  the  Kehukee  Association, 
organized  in  1765.  In  1743  some  Baptists  from 
Chestnut  Ridge,  Md.,  removed  to  Opeckon  Creek, 
now  Occoquan,  in  Prince  William  County,  and 
constituted  the  Occoquan  church  in  1743,  with  the 
Rev.  Henry  Loveall  as  pastor.  The  church  was 
afterwards  called  Mill  Creek.  Other  churches  were 
organized,  and  some  joined  the  Philadelphia  Asso- 
ciation, from  which  they  were  regularly  dismissed 
to  form,  with  another  church,  the  Ketockton  Asso- 
ciation, in  Loudon  County.  This  was  the  first  Dis- 
trict Association  wholly  composed  of  Virginia  Bap- 
tist churches.  Many  churches  along  the  southern 
border  of  the  State  belonged  to  the  Sandy  Creek 
Association,  mainly  in  North  Carolina,  and  formed 
in  January,  1758.  All  the  associated  Baptist 
churches  of  the  State  belonged  to  one  of  these 
three  Associations.  The  Sandy  Creek  churches 
were  called  "  Separate  Baptists"  ;  the  Kehukee 
churches,  "General  Baptists"  ;  and  the  Ketockton 
churches,  ''  Strait,"  or  "  Calvinistic,"  or  "  Regular 
Baptists."  These  all  coalesced,  adopting  the  doc- 
trinal formulary  of  the  "  Regular"  Baptists  as 
their  "  Basis  of  Union"  in  1787.  The  "  Separate 
Baptist  Association,"  or  "  General  Association  of 
Separate  Baptists,"  or  "  Rapidan  Association," 
was  organized  May  11,  1771. 


Some  of  the  early  laws  against  "Dissenters"  in 
Virginia  bore  heavily  against  Baptists,  and  they 
were  severely  persecuted.  The  first  imprisonment 
of  [ireachers  was  that  of  John  Waller,  Lewis  Craig, 
James  Cliilds,  and  others,  -June  4,  1768,  in  Spott- 
sylvania  County.  Many  other  cases  followed  else- 
where, accompanied  often  with  fines,  whipping,  and 
other  penalties.  These  trials  awakened  a  sturdy 
determination  to  sweep  aw-ay  all  civil  obstacles  to 
religious  liberty.  To  combine  efiForts,  a  "  General 
Committee"  was  formed,  Oct.  9,  1784,  of  two  dele- 
gates from  each  Association,  the  "  General  Asso- 
ciation" having  been  dissolved  in  1783.  Four  As- 
sociations were  represented.  Instead  of  this  "  Gen- 
eral, Committee,"  which  had  nobly  and  efiectively 
served  its  purposes,  the  "General  Meeting  of  Cor- 
respondence" was  formed  of  delegates  from  Associa- 
tions in  May,  1800.  This  continued  as  the  State 
board  of  Baptist  co-operation  until  June  9,  1823, 
when  the  present  "  Baptist  General  Association  of 
Virginia"  was  organized  for  missionarj',  Sunday- 
school,  and  other  work.  What  is  now  West  Vir- 
ginia was  part  of  the  field  cultivated  b}'  the  General 
Association. 

Baptists  more  than  any  others,  and  sometimes 
against  a  combined  opposition,  secured  complete  re- 
ligious freedom  for  Virginia.  Many  were  whipped, 
imprisoned,  fined,  or  mobbed,  and  remarkable  cases 
of  steadfastness,  heroism,  and  sacrifice  are  recorded 
in  Virginia  Baptist  kistory.  Tiiey  have  grown  in 
numbers,  intelligence,  influence,  and  enterprise, and 
now  outnumber  any  other,  indeed,  almost  all  other 
religious  denominations  in  the  State.  They  have 
one  college  at  Richmond,  and  many  academies  for 
males  and  females,  under  Baptist  auspices.  Since 
1863  the  colored  churches  have  constituted  them- 
selves separately,  and  have  their  own  Associations. 

Virginia  Baptists  point  to  their  history  with 
gratitude  to  God  and  to  the  memory  of  their 
pioneers  in  the  faith.  Their  ministry  is  the  peer 
of  any  other  in  piety,  intelligence,  power,  and  en- 
terprise. Their  churches  number  1346  ;  ordained 
ministers,  718  :  members,  207,559  ;  Associations,  32. 

Tlie  Baptists  of  Virginia,  in  patriotism,  in  heroic 
sufierings  for  Christ,  in  zeal  to  spread  the  gospel  in 
their  own  and  in  other  States,  and  in  success,  have 
made  for  themselves  a  glorious  record  ;  Virginia 
Baptists  have  given  to  several  other  States  their 
divane  principles,  and  preachers  who  constructed  a 
multitude  of  Baptist  eluirches, 

Vogell,  Henry  C,  L.D.,  was  born  in  New  York, 
June  1,  1S06  ;  graduated  at  Hamilton  in  1827;  or- 
dained at  Vernon,  N.  i'.,  in  1831  :  pastor  in  Gro- 
ton,  Seneca  Falls.  Eliiiira,  and  Rome,  N.  Y. ;  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  Union 
College,  Schenectady.  Dr.  Vogell  has  intellectual 
powers  of  a  high  order,  and  has  rendered  important 
services  to  the  Saviours  cause  in  New  York. 


WACO 


1197 


WAFFLE 


W. 


Waco  University,  Waco,  Texas.— In  1S45, 
when  there  were  only  1200  Bajitists  in  the  State, 
they  founded  Baylor  University.  But  Baylor 
Univer.sity  was  located  in  Southern  Te.xas.  At 
that  time  the  bloody  Comanche  and  wild  Waco 
Indians  covered  all  the  ffroat  wiieat  region  of  Cen- 
tral and  Northern  Texas.  And  it  became  evident 
in  18.55  that  Baylor  University  could  not  meet  the 
growing  wants  of  the  whole  State.  Hence  the 
Baptists  of  Central  Texas  originated  Waco  Uni- 
versity for  "  the  great  wheat  and  stock  region"  of 
a  State  seven  times  larger  than  New  York. 

The  president  and  professors  who  had  conducted 
Baylor  University  for  ten  years  with  so  much  dclat, 
impressed  with  the  great  advantages  of  Waco  as 
the  seat  of  a  Baptist  university,  resigned  their  po- 


affection  and  confidence  of  the  thousands  whom 
they  have  educated  in  Texas  during  the  last  thirty 
years,  and  of  many  others. 

Dr.  K.  C.  Burl(!son  is  the  honore<l  president  of 
this  eminently  us('ful  institution. 

Wade,  Jonathan,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Otsego, 
N.  v.,  Dec.  10,  IT'.tS.  "  He  was  the  first  Hamilton 
student."  lie  graduated  in  1822.  He  sailed  for 
Burniah  from  Boston  in  June,  1823.  Ilis  literary 
activity  is  remarkable  ;  he  has  prepared  a  Karen 
dictionary  ;  he  has  aided  in  the  translation  of  tlie 
Scriptures  into  the  language  of  the  Karens  ;  he  has 
published  several  books  and  tracts  in  the  tongues 
of  the  Burmese  and  the  Karens.  He  thinks  with 
clearness,  he  lives  near  to  God,  and  he  preaches 
with  power.    He  has  been  a  missionary  fifty-seven 


WACO     UNIVERSITV. 


sitions  in  Baylor,  and  accepted  similar  offices  in 
Waco  University. 

Waco  University  became  a  success  at  once,  and 
for  the  last  eighteen  years  it  has  matriculated  more 
students  than  any  university  west  of  the  Missis- 
sippi River. 

Thecity  of  Waco  has  over  10,000  inhabitants,  who 
for  morality,  refinement,  and  intelligence  will  com- 
pare favorably  with  any  city  in  America.  Waco  is 
justly  called  "the  Athens  of  Texas,"  and  next  to 
Richmond,  Va..  has  the  largest  percentage  of  Bap- 
tists of  any  city  in  the  world.  It  was  the  first 
leading  institution  that  adopted  the  co-education 
of  the  sexes. 

The  property  of  Waco  University  is  estimated  at 
$53,000  in  library,  apparatus,  telescope,  buildings, 
lands,  pledges,  and  notes.  Four  brick  buildings 
two  stories  high  have  been  erected  and  finisheil ; 
and  a  strong  effort  will  be  nia<le  to  erect  this  year 
the  grand  central  three-story  building,  and  add 
$50,000  to  the  endowment  fund. 

The  president  and  professors  of  Waco  live  in  the 


years.  He  is  held  in  lionor  by  every  Christian  in 
Burmah,  and  by  all  the  friends  of  missions  in 
America. 

Waffle,  Prof.  Albert  E.,  A.M.,  was  bom  in 
Steuben  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  14,  1S4G.  lie  graduated 
at  Madison  University  in  1872,  having  taken  several 
honors,  among  them  the  Senior  prize  for  oratory. 
After  pursuing  theological  studies  in  the  seminary 
he  was  called  to  Remsen  Avenue  Baptist  church 
in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  in  April,  1873.  He  was 
ordained  as  the  first  pastor  of  tiiat  church  on  May 
29,  and  the  new  church  edifice  was  dedicated  on  the 
same  day.  On  the  19th  of  the  following  .June.  Mr. 
Waffle  married  Miss  Mary  R.  Harvej-,  daughter  of 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Harvey,  of  the  Hamilton  Theological 
Seminary.  During  the  next  seven  years  he  labored 
efficiently  in  New  Brunswick,  baptizing  271  con- 
verts, building  up  the  church  in  the  city,  and 
greatly  developing  its  spirituality  and  benevolence.- 
A  close  and  tender  attachment  was  created  between 
pastor  anil  people,  which  was  widely  shared  by  all 
who  knew  of  the  pastor's  devotion,  especially  his 


WAGGENER 


1198 


WAIT 


fellow-ministers,  by  whom  his  character  and  tal- 
ents wei-e  warmly  appreciated.  In  August,  1880, 
Mr.  Waffle  was  invited  to  the  Crozer  professorship 
of  Rhetoric  in  tiie  university  at  Lewisburg,  and  at 
the  same  time  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church 
of  that  place.  ,  Both  positions  \Vere  accepted,  and 
in  both  he  continues  (1881)  to  render  able  and 
valued  services.  Prof.  AVaffle  is  a  man  of  high 
ideals,  especially  in  all  that  pertains  to  spirituality 
of  life  and  character,  a  good  scholar,  a  sound  theo- 
logian, a  clear,  forcible,  and  impressive  preacher, 
and  a  thorough  and  inspiring  teacher.  His  mind 
is  characterized  by  clearness  and  range  of  intu- 
ition, rather  than  by  dialectic  subtilty,  or  by  strong 
and  spontaneous  feeling.  His  style  is  correspond- 
ingly lucid  and  informing,  rather  than  severely 
argumentative  or  brilliantly  imaginative.  He  has 
thus  far  published  nothing  but  newspaper  articles, 
occasional  sermons,  and  a  single  tract.  The  qual- 
ity of  these  reveals  powers  of  composition  which 
may  yet  do  great  service  to  literature. 

Waggener,  Leslie,  LL.D.,  president  of  Bethel 
College,  Ilussellville,  Ky.,  vras  born  in  Todd  Co., 
Ky.,  Sept.  11,  1841.  He  united  with  a  Baptist 
church  in  his  youth,  and  has  since  remained  an 
earnest,  active  Christian.  He  graduated  at  Bethel 
College  in  1860,  and  the  same  year  entered  the 
Senior  class  at  Harvard  University,  graduating 
next  year.  On  his  return  from  college  he  entered 
the  Southern  army  as  a  private  ;  was  shot  through 
the  lungs  at  the  battle  of  Shiloh ;  recovered,  and 
continued  in  military  service  until  the  close  of  the 
war,  having  been  promoted  to  the  rank  of  lieu- 
tenant. On  his  return  home  he  became  a  teacher 
in  the  preparatory  depai'tment  of  Bethel  College, 
and,  after  three  years,  was  elected  Professor  of 
English.  In  1873  was  made  chairman  of  the 
faculty,  and  in  1877  he  was  chosen  president  of 
the  college. 

Wait,  Samuel,  D.D.— One  of  the  most  judicious 
ministers  of  the  State  is,  accustomed  to  say  that  Dr. 
Wait  did  moi-e  for  the  development  of  North  Cai'o- 
lina  than  any  man  who  ever  lived  in  the  State. 
Whether  this  be  true  or  not,  it  is  certain  that  his 
influence  upon  the  Baptists  was  very  great  and 
very  good;  and  as  the  man  to  whom  more  than  to 
,  any  other  they  are  indebted  for  their  State  Con- 
vention as  the  first  agent  of  that  l)ody,  and  espe- 
cially, as  the  founder  of  AVake  Forest  College,  he 
has  laid  his  people  under  the  most  sacred  obliga- 
tions ever  to  cherish  his  memory  with  grateful 
aflFection. 

Dr.  Wait  was  born  in  Washington  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Dec.  19,  1789  ;  was  baptized  in  Vermont,  March 
12,  .1809;  ordained  at  Sharon,  Norfolk  Co.,  Mass., 
June  3,  1818.  Feeling  the  need  of  a  better  educa- 
tion, he  went  to  Columbian  College,  Washington, 
D.  C.     It  seems  that  his  diploma  bears  the  seal  of 


Waterville  College,  Me.,  though  his  course  of 
study  was  pjirsued  at  Columbian  College,  prob- 
ably because  the  latter  was  not  then  empowered  to 
confer  degrees.  He  was  for  a  time  tutor  in  Colum- 
Ijian  College,  and  first  came  to  Xorth  Carolina  in 
February,  1827,  with  Dr.  Staughton,  on  a  collect- 
ing tour  for  the  college.  Passing  through  New- 
bern.  Dr.  Wait  made  a  favorable  impression  on 
the  Baptists  of  the  place,  and  he  settled  as  their 
pastor  in  November,  1827.  It  would  seem  that  in 
passing  through  North  Carolina  his  mind  was 
looking  to  the  development  of  the  North  Carolina 
Baptists,  for  his  journal  shows  that,  soon  after,»in 
Charleston,  S.  C,  he  asked  Dr.  Manly  if  he  did 
not  think  a  State  Convention  might  be  organized 
in  North  Carolina.  Dr.  Manlj^  feared  that  the 
time  for  such  a  movement  had  not  j'Ct  come,  but 
we  no  sooner  find  Dr.  AVait  settled  at  Newbern 
thiin  we  see  him  laboring  for  the  accomplishment 
of  two  things, —  the  organization  of  a  Convention 
and  the  establishment  of  a  Baptist  organ.  The 
Convention  he  was  permitted  to  see  formed,  in 
March,  1830,  in  Greenville,  Pitt  Co.,  and  he  was 
npt  only  present  at  its  organization  but  became  its 
first  corresponding  secretary.  For  four  years  he 
traveled  over  the  State,  preaching  the  gospel,  en- 
lightening the  people  as  to  the  cause  of  missions, 
removing  prejudices,  and  uniting  the  disintegrated 
Baptists  into  one  body.  So  fully  satisfied  was  he 
at  this  time  of  the  necessity  of  a  periodical  that, 
though  no  one  knew  who  would  publish  such  a 
paper,  or  when  or  where  it  would  be  issued,  he 
began  to  take  the  names  of  subscribers  at  once, 
and  thus  prepared  the  way  for  the  establishment 
of  the  Recorder,  which  began  a  few  years  later.  In 
August,  1832,  the  Convention,  sitting  at  Reeves" 
chapel,  Chatham  Co.,  resolved  to  establish  a  man- 
ual labor  school  at  AV.ake  Forest,  and  a  committee 
was  appointed  to  secure  a  man  from  the  North  to 
tak?  charge  of  it.  In  December  following  the  board 
of  the  Convention  met  in  Raleigh,  and  the  former 
committee  having  failed  to  secure  a  master  for  their 
school,  a  new  committee,  consisting  of  Wm.  Hooper. 
Thos.  Meredith,  John  Armstrong,  and  Samuel 
Wait,  was  appointed,  and  three  of  this  committee 
recommended  Samuel  AVait  for  this  position.  Dr. 
AA^ait  accepted  the  appointment,  but  was  advised 
to  continue  his  agency  ''for  the  Convention,  as 
the  school  was  not  yet  ready  to  go  into  opera- 
tiorf."  The  year  1833  was  spent  in  circulating 
information  about  the  school,  in  securing  students, 
and  furniture  for  the  new  establishment.  From 
this  time  till  June,  1846,  a  period  of  fourteen 
years,  Dr.  AA^ait  was  the  president  of  this  institu- 
tion. In  1851  he  became  president  of  a  female 
school  in  Oxford,  having  spent  the  intervening 
years  as  pastor  of  Yancey  ville  and  Trinity  churches, 
in  Caswell  County.    After  fiveyeai's'  service  in  this 


WAKE  FOREST 


1199 


WAKE  FOREST 


position,  he  retired  to  the  liome  of  his  only  chihl, 
Mrs.  J.  B.  Brewer,  at  Wake  Forest  Collccre,  and 
spent  the  evening  of  his  days  amid  the  scenes  of 
his  usefulness,  surrounded  by  loving  kindred,  and 
honored  and  respected  by  all.  He  died  July  28, 
1867.  The  State  Convention,  which  met  in  Golds- 
borough  the  next  autumn,  expressed  the  desire 
that,  as  his  history  would  be  largely  the  history  of 
the  denomination  in  North  Carolina,  a  memoir  of 
him  should  be  prepared  by  some  suitable  person. 
It  was  understood  that  Judge  John  Kerr  was  se- 
lected by  his  family  to  perform  this  seiVice,  and  he 
expressed  his  willingness  to  undertake  the  grateful 
task,  but  for  some  cause  it  was  never  done. 

Wake  Forest  College. — About  ]83li  much  in- 
terest was  taken  in  many  parts  of  the  United  States 
in  manual  labor  schools.  In  1832  the  Baptist 
State   Convention,  then   less  than  two  years  old. 


of  the  Legislature  by  a  considerable  majority,  but 
was  a  tie  in  the  senate,  and  was  saved  by  the  cast- 
ing vote  of  Mr.  Mosely,  the  president.  In  1839 
the  college  building  was  finished.  It  was  of  brick, 
132  feet  long,  60  feet  wide,  and  four  stories  high, 
and  cost  something  over  $14,000. 

Dr.  Wait  was  president  till  1846,  when  Dr.  Wm. 
Hooper  was  called  to  that  position.  Dis(,'ouraged 
by  the  heavy  debts  of  the  college,  ho  retired  after 
two  years'  service,  when  Rev.  J.  B.  White,  a  grad- 
uate of  Brown  University,  and  a  native  of  New 
Hampshire,  became  president.  In  1853  he  re- 
moved to  Illinois,  and  Prof.  W.  II.  Owen  was 
chairman  of  the  faculty  until  June,  1854,  when 
Dr.  W.  M.  Wingate,  who  had  been  laboring  for 
two  years  to  endow  the  college,  became  president, 
and  continued  to  hold  the  position  till  his  death,  in 
February,  1879, — a  period  of  twenty-five  years. 


WAKE    FOREST    COLLEGE. 


bought  a  farm  of  615  acres,  lying  in  Wake  County, 
sixteen  miles  north  of  Raleigh,  for  §2000,  and  began 
a  manual  labor  school,  under  the  name  of  Wake 
Forest  Institute. 

In  1833  the  Baptist  State  Convention,  which 
held  a  session  of  six  days  at  Cartledge's  Creek,  in 
Richmond  County,  appointed  a  board  of  forty 
trustees,  all  of  whom  are  now  dead  except  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Stradley,  of  Asheville,  and  Hon.  George 
W.  Thompson,  of  AV'ake  County. 

In  Decem})er,  1833,  Dr.  Samuel  AVait  was  chosen 
as  principal  of  the  school,  and  Rev.  John  Arm- 
strong, one  of  the  teachers,  was  put  into  the  field 
to  raise  money  to  equip  the  school  properly.  There 
were  no  adequate  buildings  on  the  place,  and  but 
little  furniture  on  hand  when  the  school  began  op- 
erations in  February,  1834,  with  twenty-five  pupils. 
By  August  there  were  seventy  pupils,  and  within 
a  little  more  than  a  year  from  its  origin  the  in- 
stitution was  blessed  with  three  gracious  revivals, 
a  token  of  the  spiritual  tone  and  power  which  have 
marked  the  whole  history  of  the  institution. 

In  1839  the  manual  labor  system  was  aban- 
doned, and  a  college  charter  was  procured  with 
some  difficulty.     The  bill  passed  the  lower  branch 


In  July,  1879,  Rev.  Thomas  II.  Pritchard,  D.D., 
was  chosen  president,  and  is  working  earnestly  to 
build  up  the  college. 

At  the  opening  of  the  war  the  college  had  an  in- 
vested endowment  of  about  $85,000,  with  bonds 
worth  $30,000 ;  at  its  close,  all  was  gone  except 
about  $14,000  of  railroad  stock.  It  now  has  an  in- 
vested endowment  of  $48,000.  Three  good  build- 
ings, one  of  which,  the  one  mentioned  above,  is 
devoted  to  dormitories;  the  second,  to  chapels  and 
!  lecture-rooms;  the  third,  to  society-halls,  library, 
and  reading-room.  The  last-mentioned  building 
was  a  present  three  years  ago,  from  Messrs.  J.  M. 
Heck  and  John  G.  Williams,  of  Raleigh,  and  cost, 
with  furniture,  about  $14,000.  The  second  build- 
ing was  erected  in  1879.  and  cost  about  $12,000, 
and  is  called  Wingate  Memorial  Hall,  in  honor  of 
the  late  president.  The  library  contains  about 
800()  volumes,  and  is  handsomely  fitted  up. 

The  college  had  last  year  181  students  in  attend- 
ance, and  its  income  was  about  $9000.  Thirty-two 
young  ministers  attended,  who  paid  no  tuition  fees. 
The  whole  college  expenses  for  a  year  are  a  little 
less  than  $200.  The  faculty  of  the  college  consists 
of  eight  members  :  T.  H.  Pritchard,  D.D.,  president, 


WAKE  MAN 


1200 


WALDENSESi 


and  Professor  of  Moral  Philosophy ;  W.  G.  Sim- 
mons, Professor  of  Natural  Science;  AV.  Royall, 
D.D.,  Professor  of  Modern  Lantruages :  W.  13. 
Royall,  Professor  of  Greek  ;  L.  R.  Mills,  Professor 
of  Mathematics  ;  C.  E.  Taylor,  Professor  of  Latin  ; 
W.  L.  Poteat,  Assistant  Professor  of  Natural  Sci- 
ence ;  and  C.  W.  Scarboro,  Tutor  of  Mathematics. 
The  college  is  nearly  out  of  debt,  and  the  last 
yeat  (1880)  has  been  the  most  prosperous  of  its 
liistory. 

Besides  Wake  Forest,  the  Baptists  of  North 
Carolina  have  excellent  female  schools  in  the 
Chowan  Institute;  Wilson  Seminary,  of  which 
Mr.  John  B.  Brewer,  a  grandson  of  Dr.  Wait,  and 
a  graduate  of  Wake  Forest  College,  is  president 
and  proprietor ;  Thomasville  Female  College,  pre- 
sided over  by  Mr.  II.  W.  Rinehart,  who  is  also  the 
proprietor  ;  Oxford  Female  College,  of  which  Prof. 
If.  P.  Hobgood  is  principal.  In  Hendersonville 
there  is  a  mixed  school,  known  as  Judson  College, 
and,  in  addition,  there  are  male  academies,  such  as 
Reynoldson  Institute,  in  Gates  County  ;  Cedar  Creek 
and  Carolina  Academies,  in  Anson  County  ;  Salem 
Academy,  in  Sampson  County  ;  Warsaw  High 
School,  in  Duplin  County  ;  Yadkin  Institute  ;  Lil- 
lington  Academy,  in  Harriett,  and  others. 

Wakeman,  Rev.  Levi  H.,  of  Connecticut  ori- 
gin ;  studied  in  New  Haven  ;  ordained  pastor  of 
the  Third  Baptist  church  in  Middletown,  Conn., 
in  1843;  subsequent  settlements.  First  Baptist 
church  in  Woodstock,  in  Stepney,  and  in  Willing- 
ton,  Conn.,  Three  Rivers  and  East  Longmeadow, 
Mass. ;  now  residing  in  Stamford,  Conn. 

Waldenses,  The,  nre  the  most  interesting  peo- 
ple in  E\irope.  Their  history  reaches  back  to  the 
period  when  popes  gathered  armies  without  difiB- 
culty  to  desolate  prosperous  Albigensian  regions 
of  what  is  now  the  French  republic,  when  the 
Bible  was  almost  an  unknown  book,  and  when  the 
intellect  and  liberties  of  Europe  were  in  shackles, 
except  in  the  case  of  heretical  heroes,  who  were 
treated  as  outlaws  by  the  banded  priests  and  tyrants 
of  the  Old  World.  We  speak  of  this  people  with  rev- 
erence, and  think  of  their  long  records  of  fidelity 
and  suffering  with  tender  affection. 

There  is  nothing  reliable  about  the  Waldenses 
before  the  time  of  Peter  Waldo,  of  Lyons.  It  is 
likely  that  in  their  celebrated  valleys  a  people  who 
hated  Romish  errors,  and  loved  the  atoning  Saviour, 
lived  from  the  time  of  Claude,  bishop  of  Turin,  in 
the  ninth  century.  It  is  jtossiljle  that  such  a  com- 
munity may  have  served  God  in  these  secluded  re- 
treats from  a  much  earlier  period.  But  we  have 
no  clear  testimony  on  this  question. 

Peter  Waldo,  a  wealthy  citizen  of  Lyons,  was 
converted  about  1160,  by  a  sudden  death  which 
occurred  at  a  public  meeting  which  he  attended. 
He  had  an  extraordinary  desire  to  sec  the  Word 


of  God  in  a  good  translation,  and  for  this  purpose 
he  employed  Stephen  de  Ansa  and  Bernard  Ydros 
to  prepare  him  such  a  work  in  the  Romance  lan- 
guage. He  first  procured  the  gospels,  and  then  by 
degrees  the  entire  Bible.  He  also  had  a  collection 
of  choice  sayings  prepared  from  the  early  fathers, 
on  faith  and  practice.  Filled  with  the  hope  of 
heaven,  he  distributed  his  property  among  the  poor 
and  scattered  copies  of  his  Bible  around,  and  con- 
verts rewarded  his  zeal  and'  rejoiced  the  angels. 
The  archbishop  of  Lyons  denounced  Waldo  and 
his  efforts,  but  the  seal  of  Christ  was  upon  the 
enterprise,  and  the  gospel  leaven  worked  mightily, 
lie  was  compelled  to  leave  Lyons,  and  many  of 
his  adherents  followed  him.  He  entered  Dauphiny, 
where  his  labors  resulted  in  a  great  harvest  of  con- 
verts ;  by  persecution  he  was  driven  into  Picardy, 
where  the  gospel  as  the  saving  power  of  God  pro- 
duced the  same  heart-changing  fruits  ;  from  France 
his  disciples  pressed  into  Italy,  and  the  Piedmontese 
mountains,  where  the  Protestant  bishop  of  Turin 
three  centuries  before  had  sowed  the  seed  of  the 
blessed  gospel,  gave  them  a  comparatively  secure 
refuge  from  armed  superstition  ;  from  France  the 
reformer  of  Lyons  proceeded  to  Germany,  where  his 
usual  reception  awaited  him  from  the  common 
people,  and  from  the  priests  and  rulers.  Some 
fifty  years  after  the  death  of  Waldo  there  were 
multitudes  of  heretics  in  the  districts  of  the  Rhine 
and  elsewhere  in  the  fatherland  of  Luther.  At 
Triers  "  there  were,"  says  Neander,  "  three  schools 
of  the  heretics ;  there  seem  to  have  been  various 
sects,  it  is  true  ;  but  the  spread  of  German  versions 
of  the  Bible,  and  the  doctrine  of  the  universal  priest- 
hood (of  Christians),  are  certainly  marks  which 
indicate  the  Waldenses."  Waldo  finally  retired 
to  Bohemia,  where  he  led  throngs  of  men  to  Jesus, 
who  continued  to  uphold  the  banner  of  the  Cross 
for  generations.  Altogether  the  AValdensian  move- 
ment,was  a  manifest  work  of  God,  and  its  tri- 
umphant progress  gave  the  papacy  the  heaviest 
blows  and  the  greatest  fears. 

The  Waldenses  were  not  Albigenses,  Kathari,  or 
Paterines.  The}'  lived  frequently  in  the  same  re- 
gions, arid  hold  many  things  in  common  with  them, 
but  they  had  a  difierent  origin  and  birthplace,  and 
came  into  existence  hundreds  of  years  later. 

The  Waldenses  were  persecuted  with  atrocious 
cruelty,  and  hosts  of  them  were  wickedly  put  to 
deathi 

They  have  no  writings  older  than  the  end  of  the 
twelfth  century.  '"The  Treatise  on  Antichrist" 
and  "The  Noble  Lesson"  are  supposed  to  have 
been  published  at  the  close  of  the  twelfth  century. 

Their  theology  in  most  features  is  like  the  Protr 
estant  system  of  the  present  day,  and  it  is  a  perfect 
contrast  to  the  scheme  of  Rome. 

On  baptism  the  Waldenses  were  divided.     There 


WALKER 


1201 


WALKER 


is  reason  to  believe  that  some  of  them  practised  in- 
fant baptism.  It  is  not  unlikely  that  some  of  them 
were  Quakers  about  baptism  and  the  Lord's  Sup- 
per. The  in((uisitor,  Reinerius  Saccho,  is  the  chief 
authority  about  tlie  Wald(Mises,  to  whom  he  did 
not  l)elon<;.  and  the  Albijicnscs,  with  whom  he  was 
a  member  for  seventeen  years  ;  he  states  about  the 
Waldenses  that  "  they  say  a  man  is  then  first  bap- 
tized when  be  is  received  into  their  sect.  Some  of 
tkmi  hold  that  haj)tism  Is  of  no  use  to  little  children, 
liecaitue  Iheij  are  not  i/e/  ar/iKi//;/  able  to  believe'^  (Qui- 
dain  eoruui  Ijaptismum  parvulis  non  valcre  tradunt, 
eo  quod  nondum  actualiter  credere  possunt).  (Al- 
lix's  "Churches  of  riedmont,"'  p.  206.  Oxford, 
1821.)  The  celebrated  Du  Pin  gives  Reinerius  the 
weight  of  his  great  learning  and  truthfulness  as  ho 
quotes  his  statement,  "  Ami  first  about  })aptism 
they  say,  that  the  preliminui-y  admonition  is  worth 
nothing  ;  thai  the  ivashiiuj  of  infanls  is  of  no  acail 
to  them ;  that  the  sureties  do  not  understand  what 
they  answer  to  the  priest.'''  (II.  482.  Dublin.) 
There  is  no  reasonable  ground  for  doubting  that 
for  a  long  j)criod  the  Baptists  were  respectably 
represented  among  the  "  Poor  of  Lyons,"'  the  "  Le- 
onists,"'  the  "  Waldenses." 

The  Waldenses  loved  the  Scriptures,  could  repeat 
entire  books  with  ease,  sometimes  the  whole  New 
Testament,  and  were  extremely  anxious  to  circu- 
late Bibles,  and  to  read  them  to  men.  Reinerius, 
the  apostate  and  papal  inquisitor,  gives  the  well- 
known  representation  of  the  Waldensian  peddler, 
who,  after  selling  articles  to  ladies  in  splendid 
homes,  tells  them  about  a  richer  jewel,  which,  if 
the  situation  is  favorable,  he  presents  ;  and  they 
see  and  speedily  hear  the  Scriptures  read  and  ex- 
pounded. The  business  of  the  traveling  merchant 
is  undertaken  only  to  make  known  the  teachings 
of  the  Bible.  According  to  the  testimony  of  tlieir 
greatest  enemies  they  were  humble,  truthful,  self- 
sacrificing  Bible  Christians. 

In  1530,  according  to  I)u  Pin,  the  Waldenses 
united  with  the  Reformers,  and  were  persuaded 
to  renounce  certain  peculiarities  which  heretofore 
they  Held,  and  to  receive  doctrines  which  till  then 
had  been  foreign  to  their  creed.  This  new  arrange- 
ment harmonized  the  reformations  of  the  twelfth 
and  sixteenth  centuries,  and  probably  removed 
Baptist  doctrines  from  the  valleys  of  Piedmont. 
This  ancient  community  is  now  Presbyterian,  and 
had  its  delegate  in  the  recent  Pan-Presbyterian 
Council  in  I'hiladclphia. 

Walker,  Deacon  Austin  Martin,  M.D.,  was 

born  in  Putnam  Co.,  Ga..  on  the  .')th  of  August, 
1808.  Ilis  early  education  was  received  from  Wil- 
liam II.  Seward,  who  at  that  time  taught  school  in 
Putnam  County.  Mr.  Walker  graduated  at  the 
State  University,  and,  whilst  residing  in  Athens, 
connected  himself  with  the  Baptist  church  of  that 


city  when  he  was  seventeen  years  of  age.  On 
leaving  college  he  took  a  course  of  medical  lectures 
in  Philadelphia,  and  afterwards  practised  medicine 
there  for  four  years.  After  his  return  to  Georgia 
he  married  and  settled  in  Columbus,  where  he  as- 
sisted in  organizing  the  first  Baptist  church  in  tiiat 
city.  lie  was  a  planter.  When  on  his  death-bed, 
in  1846,  Deacon  James  Boykin  sent  for  Dr.  Walker, 
blessed  him,  prayed  tiiat  his  own  nnmtle  might  fall 
on  him,  and  requested  that  he  should  be  made  a 
deacon  by  the  church.  This  was  done  •,  and  Dr. 
Walker  continued  an  active,  zealous,  pious,  and 
faithful  deacon  the  rest  of  his  life.  lie  was  a 
wealthy  man,  and  gave  freely  to  the  cause  of  Christ. 
lie  was  a  thoroughly  conscientious  man,  and  a 
strict  Bible  Baptist,  lie  believed  strongly  in  the 
maintenance  of  church  discipline,  and  in  orderly 
Christian  conduct.  He  was  a  close  and  earnest 
student  of  the  Bible,  and  to  his  death,  at  the  age  of 
seventy,  he  was  either  a  superintendent  or  teacher 
in  the  Sunday-school.  He  regularly  employed  min- 
isters to  preach  to  the  servants  on  his  plantations, 
and  when  possible  attending  the  meetings  himself 
So  great  was  the  devotion  of  his  servants  to  him 
that,  eveii  when  emancipated,  they  desired  to  sign 
a  paper,  contracting  ^o  preserve  the  relation  of 
master  and  slave  for  life.  Of  course  this  was  not 
done,  but  it  showed  how  great  was  their  love  for 
him,  and  their  confidence  in  him.  The  last  years 
of  Dr.  Walker's  life  were  spent  in  Macon,  Ga., 
where  he  was  a  deacon,  his  membership  being 
transferred  from  Columbus.  He  died  peacefully 
on  the  3d  of  June,  1878,  highly  respected  by  all 
who  knew  him. 

Walker,  Hon.  Charles,  was  one  of  those  earl- 
iest and  most  influentially  identified  with  the 
growth  of  Chicago  and  the  West.  Born  at  Plain- 
field,  Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1802,  early  a  Christian, 
and  always  a  Baptist,  he  had  identified  himself 
with  the  business  and  religious  interests  of  Chi- 
cago some  years  before  he  Ijccame  a  resident  there, 
in  1847.  In  that  year  he  united  with  the  First 
Baptist  church,  and  until  his  death,  in  June,  18G8, 
be  was  one  of  its  most  active,  liberal,  and  influen- 
tial members.  lie  was  identified  from  time  to 
time  with  some  of  the  most  important  secular  en- 
terprises upon  a  large  scale  centring  at  Chicago. 
'•  The  first  shipment  of  any  kind  made  from  that 
port  is  believed  to  have  been  made  l)y  him.  The 
first  shipment  of  wheat  certainly  was.  The  first 
of  the  railroads  running  out  of  tiie  city — the  Ga- 
lena and  Chicago — owed  its  early  vigor  largely  to 
his  enterprise,  courage,  and  faith,  while  his  far- 
seeing  views  contributed  much  to  inspire  those 
other  great  undertakings  which  made  Chicago  at 
length,  what  he  always  believed  it  would  become, 
the  coniinercial  centre  and  metropolis  of  the  West." 
Mr.  Walker,  withal,  was  a  devout  Christian  and  an 


WALKER 


1202 


WALKER 


earnest  Baptist.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
University  of  Chicago,  and  until  his  death  served 
upon  its  hoard  of  trustees,  while  all  the  various 
missionary  enterprises  of  the  denomination  shared 
in  his  sympathy,  his  counsels,  and  his  gifts. 

Walker,  Rev.  C.  W.,  was  born  in  Ilolden, 
Worcester  Co.,  Mass.,  Feb.  13,  1814;  attended  the 
AVorcester  Manual  Labor  High  School,  under  the 
principalship  of  Dr.  Silas  Bailey,  where  he  was  con- 
verted ;  studied  at  Waterville  College,  Me.  After 
being  principal  of  several  high  schools  and  acade- 
mies, and  rendering  eminent  service  to  the  cause  of 
education,  he  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  Aug.  16, 
1800,  as  pastor  of  the  church  of  Essex,  N.  Y.  In 
l8G2  he  became  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
of  North  Stratford,  N.  H.  In  1864  he  was  ap- 
pointed chaplain  of  the  1st  N.  II.  Heavy  Artillery. 
In  1878  he  took  charge  of  the  churches  in  Little 
Blue  Valley  and  Joy  Creek,  Kansas.  In  1880  he 
began  to  preach  at  Nollenburg.  Mr.  Walker  is  pos- 
sessed of  scholarly  attainments,  and  as  a  teacher 
and  preacher  has  accomplished  much  good. 

Walker,  Rev.  Jacob  Garrett,  A.M.,  was  born 
at  Falls  of  Schuylkill,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Dec.  28, 


REV.   JACOB  GARRETT  WALKER,  A.M. 

1840  :  baptized  March  21,  1858,  by  Rev.  N.Judson 
Clark  ;  graduated  from  Philadelphia  Central  High 
School  in  1858,  and  from  the  university  at  Lewis- 
burg,  Pa.,  in  1862,  subsequently  receiving  the  de- 
gree of  A.M.  from  both  institutions.  In  January, 
1863,  became  principal  of  public  schools  at  Phoe- 
nixville.  Pa.,  and  continued  in  that  position  three 
years  and  a  half;  during   part  of  this  time  sup- 


plied the  neighboring  church  at  Pughtown,  Pa., 
and  subsequenjtly  became  pastor  there  until  May 
31,  1868,  having  been  ordained  Dec.  5,  1865.  In 
October,  1S68,  took  charge  of  the  church  at  Bal- 
ligomingo.  Pa.,  where  he  remained  until  Novem- 
ber, 1872,  when  he  became  pastor  of  the  Mantua 
church,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  where  he  still  remains. 

Mr.  Walker,  while  a  most  diligent  and  success- 
ful pastor,  is  also  deeply  interested  in  the  general 
work  of  the  denomination.  He  has  done  efficient 
service  as  president  and  secretary  of  the  Philadel- 
phia Ministers'  Conference.  In  1877  he  was  made 
moderator  of  the  Philadelphia  Baptist  Associatiorr, 
and  since  that  time  has  been  its  clerk  and  the 
secretary  of  its  board  of  trustees.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  various  boards,  and  a  curator  of  the 
university  atLewisburg.  He  has  written  consider- 
ably for  the  press,  has  been  twice  poet  at  Lewisburg 
commencements,  and  was  the  poet  of  the  Valley 
Forge  Centenary  in  1878.  Since  1871  has  been 
editor  of  the  "  Baptist  Year-Book."  He  is  very 
popular  both  as  pastor  and  preacher,  has  a  clear 
incisive  mind,  is  a  thorough-going  Baptist,  has 
maintained  an  unblemished  character,  and  is  uni- 
versally regarded  as  one  of  the  wisest  and  best  of 
the  Philadelphia  Baptist  ministers. 

Walker,  Hon.  James  Otis,  was  born  in  Whi- 
ting, Vt.,  Aug.  6,  1778.  His  native  place  was  a  new 
settlement,  and  had  a  sparse  population.  Such, 
however,  was  his  thirst  for  knowledge  that  it  is 
said  "  he  used  to  lie  in  'the  corner  in  the  evenings 
and  read,  having  only  pine-knots  for  a  light,  occa- 
sionally going  to  school  for  a  few  weeks."  He 
held  the  office  of  civil  magistrate  for  thirty  years. 
It  is  referred  to  "  as  a  proof  of  the  high  estimation 
in  which  he  was  held  that,  while  ho  was  a  member 
of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and  Whiting  was  a 
strongly  anti-Masonic  town,  he  held  his  office 
through  the  entire  struggle  in  respect  to  Masonry, 
and  su,ch  was  the  confidence  reposed  in  his  integrity 
that  none  of  his  most  bitter  opponents  questioned 
the  propriety  of  his  retaining  his  office.'"  For 
several  years  he  represented  the  town  in  the  State 
Legislature.  No  man  was  more  public-spirited 
than  he.'  Calls  were  constantly  made  upon  him 
for  aid  to  build  churches,  pay  ministers'  salaries, 
support  benevolent  and  educational  causes,  and  the 
appeals  were  not  made  in  vain.  "  His  pen  was 
often  employed  by  public  request  in  the  preparation 
of  teiilperance  addresses,  in  which  reform  he  took 
a  deep  interest."'  In  his  old  age  he  was  paralyzed, 
but  amid  all  the  decays  of  nature  he  kept  a  genial 
spirit,  and  was  bus}'  and  active  in  his  habits  to  the 
last.  He  early  connected  himself  with  the  Baptist 
Church,  and  lived  and  died  in  its  fellowship.  His 
death  occurred  Nov.  27,  1857. 

Walker,  Rev.  Jeremiah,  was  born  in  Bute 
Co.,  N.  C,  about  1747.     In  early  life  he  was  called 


WALKER 


1203 


WALKER 


into  the  peaco  of  Christ  and  baptized.  lie  pos- 
sessed extraordinary  talents  as  a  tiiinker  and  as  a 
speaker,  and  he  soon  became  a  great  preacher.  In 
17<')'J  he  took  charge  of  the  Nottoway  church,  Va., 
and  in  a  few  years,  a.ssisted  by  brethren  called  to  the 
Saviour  and  introduced  into  the  ministry  through 
his  instrumentality,  ho  (>stablished  ])Ct\veen  twenty 
and  thirty  churches  south  of  the  James  River,  lie 
was  a  natural  orator,  an  exemplary  Christian,  and 
a  magnet  to  attract  the  love  of  men.  lie  was  a 
burning  and  a  shining  light.  He  was  incarcerated 
in  Chesterfield  jail  for  preaching  without  lawful 
authority,  and  released  with  additional  popularity. 
His  ministry  had  enjoyed  the  divine  favor  in  a  re- 
markable measure,  and  its  fruits  were  conspicuous 
all  over  Virginia.  He  was  tempted  and  fell  into 
immorality,  and  after  some  years  of  Christian  con- 
duct he  lapsed  from  purity  again.  On  repenting 
of  his  evil  ways  he  embraced  Arininian  doctrines, 
and  advocated  them  even  to  the  extent  of  schisni 
among  his  brethren,  lie  was  a  great,  and  for  many 
years  a  good,  man,  and  then  a  wreck  in  morals  and 
in  doctrines.  He  died  Nov.  20,  1792,  a  forgiven 
sinner. 

Walker,  Col.  John  B.,  is  a  deacon  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Madison,  (Ja.,  and  a  man  whoso  intelli- 
gence, liberality,  piety,  and  pnl)lic  spirit  made  him 
widely  known  and  highly  respected.  He  was  born 
in  Burke  County  in  1804  or  1805.  lie  had  the 
best  academical  advantages.  He  studied  law, 
but  never  engaged  in  the  practice,  his  large  prop- 
erty demanding  all  of  his  time  and  attention.  He 
has  given  his  thousands  to  the  cause  of  religion 
and  education.  Joining  tlie  church  at  thirty,  he 
has  for  nearly  half  a  century  been  a  useful  church 
member  and  Sunday-school  worker.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  first  board  of  trustees  of  Mercer 
University,  as  he  was  also  of  Mercer  Institute. 
Mercer  University,  the  Georgia  Female  College, 
the  Madison  Baptist  church,  and  many  other  good 
causes  have  largely  enjoyed  the  benefit  of  his  liber- 
ality. During  the  war  his  large  mansion  in  Madi- 
son was  a  hospital,  opened  freely  for  the  benefit  of 
all,  and  the  entire  means  at  his  disposal  were  subject 
to  the  demands  of  charity.  In  the  Madison  church 
he  has  long  been  a  pillar,  and  in  the  community 
where  he  has  dwelt  for  seventy  years  no  man  stands 
higher  in  public  estimation. 

Walker,  Rev.  Joseph,  was  born  in  Delaware 
Co.,  Pa.,  F(^l).  14,  US'!.  He  was  l)aptized  into  the 
fellowship  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Wilming- 
ton, Del.,  in  180G.  Ho  was  ordained  pastor  of  the 
church  of  Marcus  Hook  in  1824,  and  for  twenty- 
four  years  he  preached  the  gospel  in  that  place. 
In  1848  he  became  pastor  of  the  Brandywine 
church.  Pa.,  where  he  served  the  Lord  with  great 
fidelity  and  success  for  twenty  years.  He  then  re- 
signed, and  went  to  Pittsburgh,  where  he  rested 


from  his  labors  in  the  house  of  his  son-in-law,  Dr. 
Trevor,  Feb.  28,  1870.  Mr.  Walker  was  beloved 
by  the  whole  Philadelphia  Association,  of  which, 
for  some  years  before  his  death,  he  was  the  oldest 
ministerial  member.  He  was  full  of  brotherly 
affection  and  of  the  grace  of  God.  His  Christian 
life  was  a  precious  gospel  sermon,  and  his  death 
was  a  heavy  blow  to  a  multitude  of  the  friends  of 
Jesus.  In  his  two  fields  of  labor  he  was  regarded 
by  Christians  and  unconverted  persons  as  a  tender 
father,  an  Israelite  indeed. 

Walker,  Rev.  Levi,  M.D.,  was  born  in  I7s4  in 

Massachusetts  ;  removed  to  Maine  ;  convert(!d  in 
1804;  for  a  time  a  Methodist  circuit  preacher;  be- 
came a  Baptist,  and  united  with  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Fall  River,  Mass. ;  still  preached  ;  studied 
medicine  and  was  a  physician  ;  became  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Warwick,  R.  I.,  in  181G  ;  settled 
with  the  Baptist  church  in  Preston,  Conn.,  in 
1819;  in  1823  removed  to  a  farm  in  North  Ston- 
ington.  Conn. ;  preached  with  success  in  various 
places ;  organized  the  first  Sunday-school  in  the 
town  ;  was  the  first  minister  of  the  Third  Baptist 
church  in  North  Stonington  ;  accomplished  much 
in  his  two  professions ;  a  man  of  talents  and  toil ; 
his  wife,  Phebe,  a  superior  wonum,  died  in  An- 
dover.  Conn.,  Feb.  11,  1880,  aged  nitiety-two 
years  ;  had  three  sons  who  became  Baptist  min- 
isters,— Rev.  Levi,  Rev.  William  C,  and  Rev.  Orin 
T., — last  two  now  living.  He  died  Dec.  12,  18G9, 
aged  eighty-five  years. 

Walker,  Rev.  Levi,  Jr.,  son  of  Rev.  Levi  and 
Phel)e  Walker,  was  born  March  22,  1811;  con- 
verted in  1829  ;  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Third 
Baptist  church  in  North  Stonington  ;  ordained 
and  settled  as  pastor  in.  Tolland,  Conn.  ;  served 
churches  in  Massachusetts  and  New  Hampshire; 
stricken  by  disease,  died  in  Griswold,  Conn.,  Feb. 
2,  1839,  in  his  twenty-eighth  year. 

Walker,  Rev.  0.  T.,  A.M.,  was  born  in  Pres- 
ton, Conn.,  Feb.  1,  1822.  He  is  a  son  of  Rev.  Levi 
Walker,  M.D.  He  studied  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y., 
and  at  Washington  College,  Hartford,  Conn.  He 
entered  the  ministry  when  twenty-four,  and  was 
ordained  at  Orleans,  Mass.  He  was  six  years 
pastor  of  the  Second  church  of  New  London, 
Conn.,  where  he  baptized  about  200.  He  was  six 
years  pastor  of  the  First  church  of  Trenton,  N.  J., 
where  during  his  oversight  a  large  and  splendid 
church  edifice  was  built,  about  300  persons  were 
baptized,  and  the  church  was  greatly  strengthened. 
He  was  six  years  pastor  of  Bowdoin  Square  church, 
Boston,  during  which  time  he  baptized  nearly  300. 
The  church  was  almost  ready  to  disband  when  Mr. 
AValker  began  his  labors,  but  the  blessing  of  God 
attended  the  efforts  of  the  new  pastor,  and  the 
faitli  and  hopes  of  the  church  were  soon  wonderfully 
enlarged. 


WALKER 


1204 


WALLACE 


Mr.  Walker  has  served  as  pastor  in  Chicago,  III., 
Meriden,  Conn.,  Providence,  R.  I.,  and  in  Orleans, 
Mass.  His  present  charge  is  the  Harvard  Street 
church,  Boston,  vehere  he  has  labored  five  years. 
When  Mr.  AValker  entered  upon  his  second  pas- 
torate in  Boston  the  meeting-house  had  been  closed 
for  a  time,  and  the  congregation  was  scattered; 
l)ut  under  God  the  church  has  been  blessed  with 
numerous  and  valuable  additions,  and  a  good  Sun- 
day-school and  an  overflowing  prayer-meeting  have 
been  gathered. 

Mr.  Walker  is  an  indefatigable  worker,  ready 
for  any  errand  of  mercy.  Very  popular  among  the 
sick,  the  mourners  weeping  for  their  loved  dead, 
and  the  happy  candidates  for  the  nuptial  blessing. 

He  is  one  of  the  most  useful  ministers  in  and 
around  Boston,  whose  labors  have  been  greatly 
blessed  out  of  it  as  well  as  in  it. 

Walker,  Rev.  Sanders,  was  for  many  years 
one  of  the  most  useful  pioneer  ministers  of  Geor- 
-gia.  Born  March  17,  1740,  in  Prince  AVilliam 
Co.,  Va.,  he  was  a  singular  instance  of  the  trans- 
forming power  of  God's  grace.  Of  an  unmanage- 
able temper  before  conversion,  his  heart  and  nature 
were  so  changed  by  the  Holy  Spirit  that  he  was 
ever  afterwards  distinguished  for  the  meekness  and 
gravity  of  his  deportment.  Among  all  who  knew 
iiim  the  meek  Sanders  Walker  was  a  proverbial  ex- 
pression. He  began  to  preach  in  North  Carolina 
in  1767,  and,  about  four  years  afterwards,  moved 
to  a  place  in  Bute  Co.,  N.  C,  notorious  for  wick- 
edness and  ignorance  of  religion  ;  but  his  Master 
was  with  him,  and  in  a  short  time  a  considerable 
church  arose  under  his  ministry.  He  removed  to 
Georgia  in  1772,  and  joined  the  Kiokee  church, 
being  still  unordained  ;  but  he  must  have  been  or- 
dained prior  to  May  20,  1775,  as  his  name  appears 
on  the  Presbytery  which  ordained  Abraham  Mar- 
shall at  that  time.  In  Georgia  he  labored  mostly  in 
Wilkes  County,  where  he  resided,  and  he  is  thought 
to  have  been  mainly  instrumental  in  the  constitu- 
tion of  Fishing  Creek  church,  the  fifth  formed  in 
the  State.  He  finished  his  course  with  joy,  in  the 
sixty-fifth  year  of  his  age,  in  1805. 

Walker,  Rev.  William  Carey,  son  of  Rev. 

Levi  and  Pliobe  (Burroughs)  Walker,  was  born  in 
Warwick,  R.  I.,  Doc.  24,  1818;  became  a  teacher; 
converted  at  the  age  of  fourteen  ;  united  with  First 
Baptist  church  in  Westerly.  R.  I.,  in  1837 ;  re- 
moved to  North  Stonington,  Conn.,  in  1838,  and  to 
Hartford  in  1839;  studied  for  the  ministry  from 
1841  to  1845,  preaching  two  years  for  South  AVind- 
sor  church;  settled  with  First  Ba|itist  church  in 
Groton,  Conn.,  and  was  ordained  in  June,  1S45  ; 
remained  five  years;  settled  with  the  church  in 
Willington  in  1850;  continued  six  and  a  half 
years;  settled  in  Putnam  six  and  a  half  years; 
entered  tlie  Union  army  as  chaplain  of  the  18th 


Conn.  Vol.  Regiment  of  Infantry,  serving  one  year 
and  a  half,  till  close  of  war;  settled  with  New 
Britain  church,  Conn.,  for  about  six  years:  every- 
where favored  with  success  and  revivals;  since 
1871  has  been  a  missionary  and  Sunday-school 
worker  for  the  Connecticut  Baptist  State  Conven- 
tion, four  of  the  years  with  the  Sunday-schools; 
always  an  evangelist  in  spirit ;  earnest  and  wise 
worker;  active  for  education,  temperance,  and  anti- 
slavery  ;  advocate  of  missions ;  served  on  school 
committees ;  wrote  largely  for  the  Christian  Secre- 
tary, in  the  interests  of  the  churches  and  schools; 
wrote  the  history  of  the  18th  Conn.  Vol.  Regiment  • 
of  Infantry;  for  last  two  years  has  been  a  repre- 
sentative from  Ando'ver,  Conn.,  to  the  State  Legis- 
lature ;  still  serving  tlie  State  as  a  missionary. 
Mr.  Walker  is  one  of  the  noble-hearted,  laborious, 
honored,  and  successful  ministers  of  Connecticut. 

Walker,  Rev.  William  P.,  was  bom  in  Jack- 
son Co.,  W.  Va..  May  14,  1834.  In  1855  he 
married  Miss  McClung,  in  Nicholas  County,  and 
soon  after  united  with  the  Mount  Pleasant  church, 
and  became  at  once  an  active  worker.  In  a  short 
time  he  was  licensed  to  preach,  and  entered  Alle- 
ghany College,  where  he  remained  until  1861.  He 
was  ordained,  and  preached  in  Nicholas  and  Fa- 
yette Counties  until  1865,  when  he  became  pastor 
of  Williamstown  and  Pleasant  Valley  churches,  in 
Wood  County.  He  remained  in  this  locality  about 
twelve  years.  About  1877  he  removed  to  Hunting- 
ton, and  became  pastor  5f  a  church  of  not  a  score 
of  members,  but  which,  under  his  faithful  labors, 
has  grown  to  116.  The  church  has  bought  a  par- 
sonage worth  SIOOO,  and  is  now  nearly  self-sup- 
porting. 

Mr.  Walker  has  for  many  years  been  president 
of  the  General  Association  of  the  State,  also  agent 
for  Shelton  College ;  is  one  of  the  very  best  preach- 
ers.and  pastors  in  the  State,  and  has  always  given 
entire  satisfaction  to  his  brethren  in  every  posi- 
tion. 

Wallace,  Lady  Craigie.— Chambers,  in  his 
"Domestic  Annals  of  Scotland"  (ii.  213),  says, 
"  AYhere  there  had  formerly  been  no  avowed  Ana- 
baptists there  were  now  many,  so  that  thrice  in  the 
week,  namely,  on  Monday,  Wednesday,  and  Fri- 
day, there  were  some  dipped  at  Bennington  Mill,  be- 
tween Leith  and  Edinburgh,  both  men  and  women 
of  good  rank.  Some  days  there  would  be  sundry 
hundreti  persons  attending  that  action,  and  fifteen 
persons  baptized  in  one  day  by  the  Anabaptists. 
Among  the  converts  was  the  Lady  Craigie  Wal- 
lace, a  Lady  in  the  west  country.  In  autumn,  at 
Cupar,  Mr.  Brown,  preacher  to  Fairfax's  regiment, 
rebaptized  several  of  the  soldiers  in  the  Eden,  near 
to  Airdrie's  lodging,  by  dipping  them  over  head 
and  ears,  many  of  the  inha1)itants  looking  on."' 
This  was  in  1652.     The  doctrines  of  the  Baptists 


WALLACE 


1205 


WALLER 


were  carried  to  Scotlarnl  by  the  English  army, 
and  tlieir  form  of  baptism  seemed  attractive  to  the 
cautious  people  of  that  country. 

Wallace,  Rev.  Isaiah,  son  of  Rev.  .Tames  AVal- 
lacc,  was  born  in  I  lillsborouj^h,  New  Briinswiuk, 
Jan.  17,  1826.  He  was  converted  early,  and  bap- 
tized by  Rev.  Samuel  Elder  in  1S4.S.  He  j^rad- 
uated  from  Acadia  College  in  1855,  and  was 
ordained  April  3,  1856.  He  became  pastor  at 
Miramichi  in  1858,  at  Carleton,  St.  John,  in  1860. 
From  18f)l,  Mr.  AVallace  held  successively  the  pas- 
toral office  in  Nova  Scotia  in  Lower  (irahville,  Mil- 
ton, Yarmouth  Tounty,  and  Berwick,  and  has  been 
agent  for  the  Home  Mission  Board.  As  pastor 
and  evangelist,  his  labors  have  been  very  success- 
ful in  New  Brunswick  and  Nova  Scotia. 

Wallace,  Rev.  James,  was  bom  Jan.  17,  1797, 

at  Hopewell,  New  Brunswick.  Ho  was  converted 
under  the  ministry  of  Rev.  Joseph  Crandall,  and 
baptized  by  him  in  1826.  Mr.  Wallace's  pastoral 
and  missionary  labors  in  Albert,  Westmoreland, 
and  Kings  Counties,  New  Brunswick,  proved  a 
great  blessing  to  the  churches  and  people  there. 
He  prciiclied  successfully,  and  baptized  many  con- 
verts in  tliesc  counties.      He  died  ]\I:irch  7,  1871. 

Wallace,  Hon.  Thomas,  was  born  in  Peters- 
burg, Va.,  Sept.  7,  1812;  was  educated  at  William 
and  Mary  College  and  at  the  University  of  Vir- 
ginia. He  practised  law,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature  during  the  sessions  of  1850- 
51.  It  was  mainly  through  his  instrumentality 
that  the  elegant  house  of  worship  erected  by  the 
Baptists  of  Petersburg  was  completed.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  First  church  of  that  city  for  a  long 
time,  and  one  of  its  deacons,  and  the  efficient  su- 
perintendent of  its  Sunday-school.  Mr.  Wallace 
was  a  man  of  wealth  and  influence,  and  he  used  his 
influence  and  money  for  the  cause  of  Christ.  He 
died  May  14,  186.S. 

Waller,  Rev.  Edmond,  son  of  Rev.  William 

Edmond  Waller,  and  brother  of  the  distinguished 
Rev.  George  Waller,  was  born  in  S[)ottsylvania 
Co.,  Va.,  Jan.  II,  1775.  He  removed  with  his 
parents  to  Kentucky  about  1781,  and  settled  in 
Fayette  County.  He  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  at  Bryant's  Station  in  1798,  and  in  iSOl  he 
removed  to  Anderson  County,  and  was  ordained  to 
the  ministry  at  Salt  River  church.  He  traveled 
and  preached  in  the  new  settlements  for  some 
years.  In  1808  he  was  called  to  Hillsborough 
church  in  Woodford,  and  the  nest  year  to  Mount 
Pleasant  in  Jessamine  County.  With  these  and 
some  other  churches  in  that  region  he  labored 
during  the  remainder  of  his  life.  He  was  one  of 
the  most  popular  and  useful  ministers  of  his  gen- 
eration in  that  part  of  Kentucky.  Ho  died  in  1842. 
Waller,  Rev.  George,  son  of  Rev.  AVilliam  Ed- 
mond  AV'aller,  a  well-known   Baptist  minister  in 


Virginia  and  Kentucky,  and  a  nephew  of  the  dis- 
tinguished Rev.  John  Waller,  of  Virginia,  was 
born  in  Spottsylvania  Co.,  Va.,  in  1777.  He  re- 
moved with  his  father  to  Kentucky  about  1781, 
locating  for  a  short  time  in  Lincoln,  and  then 
settling  in  Fayette  County.  In  1798  he  reinoved 
to  Shelby  County,  and  was  ba[itized  by  his  father 
into  the  fellowship  of  Buck  Creek  Baptist  church, 
in  that  county,  in  ISOl.  He  was  ordained  in 
1802,  and  succeeded  his  father  (who  had  returned 
to  Virginia)  in  the  pastorate  of  Buck  Creek 
church,  a  position  he  occupied  fifty  years.  He 
was  pastor  of  Burk's  Branch  church  about  forty 
years,  and  of  Bethel  church  a  shorter  period,  and 
he  was  a  missionary  to  Louisville  before  there 
was  a  church  in  that  city.  He  traveled  over  the 
State,  preaching  in  the  interest  of  missions.  He 
was  editor  of  a  weekly  Bajitist  paper  published  at 
Bloomfield,  Ky.,  about  1827,  and  was  moderator 
of  Long  Run  Association  twenty-five  years  in  suc- 
cession, preaching  the  introductory  sermon  before 
that  body  seven  times.  He  was  a  strong,  logical 
preacher,  and  few  men  were  more  widely  known, 
or  exercised  a  greater  influence  in  his  State,  during 
his  long  ministry.      He  died  in  July,  1800. 

Waller,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Spottsylvania 
Co.,  Va.,  on  the  23d  of  December,  1741,  and  was  a 
descendant  of  the  honorable  family  of  Wallers,  in 
England.  His  profanity  acquired  for  him  the  name 
of  "  swearing  Jack  AValler,"  and  his  general  wick- 
edness that  of  ■'  the  devil's  adjutant."  He  was  es- 
pecially bitter  against  the  Baptists,  and  was  one  of 
the  grand  jury  that  persecuted  Rev.  Lewis  Craig  for 
preaching.  Mr.  Craig's  meek  address  to  the  jury 
arrested  his  attention  and  touched  his  heart.  For 
seven  or  eight  months  his  agony  and  remorse  were 
intense.  At  length,  having  found  peace  in  believing 
in  Jesus,  immediately  he  conferred  not  with  flesh 
and  blood,  but  began  to  preach  the  faith  which  he 
had  destroyed,  serving  the  Lord  with  greater  zeal, 
if  that  was  possible,  than  he  had  served  Satan. 
Traveling  through  many  counties,  he  everywhere 
attracted  crowds  of  hearers  and  made  many  con- 
verts. 

lie  was  soon  made  to  foel  the  resentment  of  his 
former  companions  in  sin.  In  a  letter  dated  '•  Ur- 
banna  Prison,  Middlesex  County,  Aug.  12,  1771," 
he  gives  an  account  of  the  arrest  and  imprisonment 
of  himself  and  many  others,  and  the  cruel  scourg- 
ing of  several  by  •'  the  magistrate  and  the  parson 
of  the  parish."  ''  I  have  also  to  inform  you  that 
six  of  our  brethren  are  confined  in  Caroline  jail, 
viz. :  Brethren  Lewis  Craig,  John  Burrus,  John 
Young,  Edward  Ilerndon,  James  Goodrick.  and 
Bartholomew  Cheming."  Those  days  did  indeed 
try  men's  souls. 

In  1775  or  1776  he  adopted  the  Arminian  doc- 
trine, declared  himself  an  independent  Baptist,  and 


WALLER 


1206 


WALL  IN 


withdrew  from  liis  brethren.  But  in  1787  he  re- 
turned to  his  first  love.  The  same  year  a  very 
.  great  revival  began  under  his  preaciiing,  and  con- 
tinued for  several  years,  spreading  far  and  wide. 

In  1793  he  removed  to  Abbeville,  S.  C.  Here 
his  success,  though  considerable,  was  not  equal  to 
that  in  his  native  State.  Ilis  last  sermon,  afthe 
funeral  of  a  young  man,  was  from  Zech.  ii.  4: 
"  Kuh,  speak  to  that  young  man."  He  addressed 
the  young  in  feeble,  touching  strains,  saying  that 
it  was  his  last  sermon.  He  spoke  until  his  strength 
quite  failed,  and  then  tottered  to  a  bed,  from  which 
he  was  carried  home,  and  died  July  4,  1802,  in  his 
sixty-second  year. 

He  preached  thirty-five  years,  baptized  more  than 
2000  persons,  assisted  in  ordaining  twenty-seven 
ministers,  and  in  constituting  eighteen  churches, 
and  lay  one  hundred  and  thirteen  days  in  four  dif- 
ferent jails,  and  he  was  repeatedly  scourged  in 
Virginia.  He  now  rests  from  his  labors,  and  his 
works  followed  him.  • 

Waller,  Rev.  John  Lightfoot,  LL.D.,  an 
eminent  preacher  and  journalist,  was  born  in 
Woodford  Co.,  Ky.,  Nov.  23,  1809.  He  was  edu- 
cated under  private  teachers,  and  became  one 
of  the  best  scholars  in  the  State.  At  eighteen 
he  wrote  "A  Church  without  a  Creed,''  which 
evinced  remarkable  genius.-  After  teaching  some 
years  in  Jessamine  County,  1ie  became  editor  of 
the  Baptist  Banner  about  1835.  Subsequently  he 
edited  the  Baptist  Banner-  and  Western  Pioneer, 
a  weekly  religious  paper  publis~hed  at  Louisville. 
Ky.  In  this  position  he  speedily  established  the 
reputation  of  being  one  of  the  ablest  editors  of  his 
day.  In  1840  he  was  ordaine'd  to  the  ministry,  and 
the  next  year  was  appointed  general  agent  of  the 
General  Association  of  Baptists  in  Kentucky.  In 
1843  he  succeeded  his  father  as  pastor  of  Glen's 
Creek  church,  in  Woodford  County.  In  1845  he 
commenced  the  publication  of  the  Western  Baptist 
Review,  a  monthly  which  took  rank  with  the  ablest 
periodicals  of  the  kind  in  the  country.  The  title 
was  afterwards  changed  to  the  Christian  Reposi- 
tory. He  continued  its  publication  until  his  death. 
In  1849  he  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the  convention 
that  formed  the  present  constitution  of  the  State 
of  Kentucky,  and  was  said  to  have  been  the  most 
talented  debater  in  that  very  able  body.  This  was 
the  only  civil  office  he  ever  sought.  In  1S50  he  re- 
sumed the  editorship  of  the  Baptist  Banner  and 
Western  Pioneer.  He  was  the  most  prominent 
mover  in  originating  the  Bible  Revision  Associa- 
tion. In  1842  he  held  his  celebrated  debate  on 
baptism  with  Rev.  Nathan  L.  Rice.  He  died  at 
his  home  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  Oct.  10,  1854. 

Waller,  Rev.  Jonathan  Cox,  son  of  Rev. 
George  Waller,  was  born  in  Siielby  Co.,  Ky., 
March    21,  1S12.     He    united  with    Buck    Creek 


church,  of  which  his  father  was  pastor,  in  1834. 
He  is  a  powerful  writer,  and  has  prepared  much 
for  the  religious  press.  In  1863  he  published  a 
book  on  the  "  Speedy  Coming  and  Personal  Reign 
of  Christ,"  which  ran  through  four  editions.  For 
several  years  he  edited  the  Western  Recwder.  He 
was  ordained  to  the  ministry  in  1879,  but  has  not 
yet  taken  charge  of  any  church.  He  resides  at 
Pleasure  Ridge  Park,  Ky. 

Waller,  Rev.  Napoleon  Bonaparte,  brother 

of  Rev.  John  Lightfoot  Waller,  a  very  brilliant 
and  greatly  lamented  young  minister,  was  born 
March  24, 1826.  He  professed  religion  at  an  early 
age,  and  united  with,  the  Baptist  church  of  which 
his  father  was  pastor.  He  graduated  at  George- 
town College,  after  which  he  was  ordained  to  the 
ministry.  On  his  way  to  Owensborough,  Ky.,  for 
the  purpose  of  taking  charge  of  the  church  at  that 
village,  he  stopped  at  Nicholasville,  where  he  died 
of  cholera,  Aug.  1,  1855. 

Waller,  Rev.  William  Edmond,  son  of  A.  D. 

Waller,  and  grandson  of  Rev.  Geoiige  Waller,  a 
young  preacher  of  extraordinary  gifts  and  of  dis- 
tingui-shed  piety  and  conversation,  was  born  in 
Shelby  Co.,  Ky.,  Nov.  17,  1845.  He  was  educated 
in  the  city  schools  of  Louisville.  He  united  with 
Long  Run  Baptist  church  in  Jefferson  Co.,  Ky.,  in 
1866,  and  was  licensed  to  preach  the  same  year. 
In  1868  he  was  ordained,  and  soon  after  he  was 
called  to  the  care  of  the  church  at  Jeflfersontown, 
in  Jeflferson  County,  and  afterwards  to  Harrod's 
Creek  church,  in  Oldham  County,  to  both  of  which 
he  preached  until  his  death.  He  performed  much 
valuable  missionary  labor,  and  for  several  years 
was  clerk  of  Long  Run  Association.  He  died 
Nov.  10,  1878. 

Wallin,  Rev.  Benjamin,  was  born  in  London, 
England,  in  1711.  He  heard  the  word  of  life  from 
his  godly  father,  the  Rev.  Edward  Wallin,  from 
childhood,  and  in  his  young  manhood  he  gave  him- 
self to  the  Saviour,  and  was  immersed  by  his 
father,  and  received  into  the  church  of  which  he 
was  pastor. 

On  Thursday.  Oct.  15.  1741.  he  was  ordained 
pastor  of  the  Maze  Pond  church,  London.  Dr.  Gill 
preached  the  sermon.  Six  ministers  took  part  in 
the  service,  and  it  lasted  from  10.30  a.m.  to  2.45 
P.M., — that  is.  four  hours  and  fifteen  minutes.  The 
ministry^  with  which  Jlr.  AVallin  was  invested  he 
honored  for  more  tiian  forty-one  years,  and  during 
that  lengthened  service  the  Saviour  gave  him  signal 
marks  of  his  gracious  favor.  lie  died  Feb.  19, 
1782. 

He  was  a  man  of  sagacity,  piety,  Bible  knowl- 
edge, and  of  zeal  that  burned  like  a  fire.  He  was 
a  poet,  a  Scripture  expositor,  and  a  great  worker. 

His  writings  were  numerous  and  valuable.  He 
was  the  author  of  fort^'-one  works,  one  of  which 


WALSH 


1207 


WALTER 


was  "  Evangelical  llyuins  un  Various  Views  of  the 
Christian  Life."  lie  was  a  valued  correspondent 
of  President  Manning,  of  Brown  University,  and 
loft  it  a  liequost  in  liis  will. 

Walsh,  Alexander  S.,  D.D.,  was  inirn  in  the 

city  of  New  York,  Dl'c.  14,  1S41.  His  father  was 
for  a  time  an  officer  in  the  English  army.  Coming 
to  America,  he  was  employed  by  the  great  merchant 
A.  T.  Stewart,  for  whom  Pr.  Walsh  was  named. 
His  fiither  removed  to  Michigan  and  engaged  in 
farming.  In  1854,  under  the  patronage  of  an 
uncle,  he  entered  the  Polytechnic  Institute  of 
Brooklyn.  lie  soon  returned  to  Michigan,  and 
while  a  mere  lad  commenced  speaking  publicly  on 
the  great  issues  of  the  day,  especially  slavery.  In 
1800  he  commenced  study  at  Oberlin  College.  In 
18(32  he  enlisted  in  the  army,  and  towards  the  close 
of  the  war  was  honorably  discharged.  He  re- 
turned to  Oberlin,  and  was  graduateil  in  18G0.  lie 
united  with  a  Congregational  church,  and  com- 
menced preaching  in  Norwalk,  ().,  organized  a 
church,  and  was  ordained  its  pastor.  In  1808  ho 
settled  with  a  church  in  Kokomo,  Ind.^  In  1809  he 
accepted  a  position  in  Emerson  College,  Ala.,  which 
he  left  for  a  tour  in  Europe.  On  his  return,  in 
1870,  he  joined  the  Baptists.  He  settled  in  Ja- 
maica, L.  I.,  preaching,  lecturing,  and  editing  the 
Loiii/  Island  Farmer.  While  in  the  AVost  he  edited 
the  Oheiiin  Court  Record,  the  Student,  and  was  a 
contributor  to  several  Western  papers.  In  1872 
he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Getlisemane  (now 
Willowby  Avenue)  church,  Brooklyn,  where  he 
met  with  great  success.  In  1877  he  was  called 
to  the  South  church.  New  York,  where  he  was 
equally  prosperous.  lie  has  baptized  since  joining 
the  Baptists  500  converts.  The  degree  of  Ibl).  w;is 
conferred  on  him  by  Hillsdale  College,  Mich.,  in 
1877. 

Walter,  Thomas  TJ.,  LL.D.,  son  of  Joseph  S. 
and  Deborah  Walter,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.. 
Sept.  4,  1804.  He  was  given  the  name  of  a  former 
pastor  of  his  parents, — Thomas  Ustick. 

His  taste  for  architecture  and  mathematics  was 
very  early  developed,  and  gave  promise  of  future 
distinction. 

Ilis  education  was  liberal.  After  spending  some 
time  in  the  office  of  AVilliam  Strickland,  Esq.,  he 
pursued  an  elaborate  course  of  mathematics  and 
the  study  of  the  physical  sciences,  and  also  gave 
special  attention  to  the  art  of  landscape-painting 
and  the  diflFerent  branches  of  mechanical  construc- 
tion. He  re-entered  Mr.  Strickland's  office  in  1828. 
and  devoted  two  years  to  the  specific  study  of  ar- 
chitecture, the  practice  of  which  he  began  in  18.'i0. 

His  first  important  public  work  was  the  Phila- 
delphia County  prison  (Moyamensing).  His  de- 
signs were  approved,  and  he  was  appointed  archi- 
tect of  the  work  in  1831. 


His  design  for  the  Girard  College  for  Orphans 
was  adopted  by  the  select  and  common  councils 
of  Philadelphia  in  1833 ;  and  the  corner-stone  of 


"II 


THOMAS    U.  WALTER,  LL.D. 


that  magnificent  building  was  laid  with  appropriate 
ceremonies  on  the  4th  day  of  July  of  that  year. 

This  imposing  structure  constitutes  an  enduring 
monument  to  the  liberality  of  Stephen  Girard,  as 
weH  as  to  the  skill  and  genius  of  Mr.  Walter,  who 
planned  it  throughout  and  carried  it  on  to  comple- 
tion. It  was  finished  in  1847,  having  been  four- 
teen years  in  building. 

During  the  progress  of  this  work  Mr.  Walter 
spent  several  months  in  Great  Britain  and  on  the 
continent  of  Europe,  visiting  public  institutions 
and  gratifying  his  taste  on  classic  ground. 

Subsequently  he  suljmitted  to  the  board  of  di- 
rectors an  elaborate  report,  which  became  their 
guide  in  finishing  and  fitting  up  the  college  which 
now  so  admirably  provides  for  the  comfort,  health, 
and  instruction  of  nearly  1000  boys. 

In  1851  the  designs  of  Mr.  Walter  for  the  exten- 
sion of  the  U.  S.  Capitol  were  approved,  and  he 
was  appointed  architect  of  the  work  by  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  (Millard  Fillmore). 

This  appointment  he  held  fourteen  years,  during 
which  time,  in  addition  to  his  specific  work,  he 
planned  and  executed  the  iron  dome  which  now 
crowns  the  Capitol,  the  east  and  west  wings  of  the 
Patent  Office,  and  the  extension  of  the  General  Post- 
office.  He  also  designed  the  new  treasury  building, 
the  marine  barracks  at  Brooklyn  and  Pensacola, 
and  the  government  hospital  for  the  insane. 


WALTERS 


1208 


WARD 


As  evidencing  the  estimation  in  which  he  is  held, 
because  of  his  litorai'y  and  scientific  attainments, 
it  may  be  stated  that  he  received  the  lionorary 
degree  of  Master  of  Arts,  in  1849,  from  Madison 
University,  N.  Y.  In  1855,  that  of  Doctor  of  Phi- 
losophy from  the  university  at  Lewisl)urg,  Pa. 
And  in  1857,  from  Harvard  University,  that  of 
Doctor  of  Laws. 

Dr.  AValter  delivered  a  course  of  lectures  on 
architecture  before  the  students  of  Columbian 
College,  Washington,  D.  C,  in  1860.  He  also  de- 
livered many  other  popular  lectures  in  Philadel- 
phia and  vicinity,  at  one  time  holding  a  profes- 
sorship of  Architecture  in  the  Franklin  Institute, 
and  lecturing  on  his  art  for  two  succcessive  seasons. 

He  has  been  a  member  of  the  American  Phil- 
osophical Society  for  nearly  forty  years,  and  of 
the  Franklin  Institute  fifty  years.  He  was  also 
one  of  the  original  memliers  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Architects,  and  is  now  (1879)  its  hon- 
ored president.  , 

He  made  a  public  profession  of  religion  in  1829, 
having  been  baptized  July  12  of  that  year  in  the 
river  Schuylkill,  at  Spruce  Street,  by  the  Rev. 
John  C.  Murphy.  On  the  same  day  he  was  publicly 
received  into  the  membership  of  the  Spruce  Street 
Baptist  church,  then  worshiping  temporarily  in 
the  court-house  at  the  corner  of  Sixth  and  Chest- 
nut Streets,  their  meeting-house  on  Spruce  Street 
not  being  completed.  H'e  was  many  years  clerk 
of  this  church,  and  also  superintendent  of  the  Sun- 
day-school. 

Wiien  he  removed  to  Washington,  D.  C,  to 
take  charge  of  the  Capitol  extension,  he  also  re- 
moved his  letter  to  the  E 'Street  Baptist  churcli. 
His  connection  there  was  rich  in  fruits  of  well- 
directed  effort,  and  will  long  be  remembered  by 
.many,  especially  by  a  Bible-class  of  more  than 
fifty  young  men,  upon  whoni  he  left  the  impress 
of  his  own  Bible-loving  spirit. 

Upon  returning  to  Piiiladelphia,  he  became  one 
of  the  constituent  members  of  the  Second  Baptist 
church  of  Germantown,  in  which  he  filled  the  office 
of  deacon. 

More  recently  he  removed  to  another  part  of  the 
city,  transferring  his  membership  to  the  Memorial 
Baptist  church.  Here  again  he  was  called  to  the 
deaconship,  and  among  his  loved  associates  he  yet 
lives,  enjoying  the  privileges  and  activities  of  a 
Christian  life. 

Walters,  W.  T.,  D.D.,  a  conspicuous  man  in  his 
day  in  the  maniigeiiient  of  Baptist  affairs  in  North 
Carolina,  was  born  in  Pittsylvania  Co.,  Va.,  in  1825. 
He  was  l)aptized  by  Rev.  J.  L.  Prichard,  and  by 
him  influenced  to  become  a  student  in  Wake  Forest 
College,  where  he  graduated  in  1848.  lie  soon 
after  became  tutor,  and  in  a  year  or  two  was 
made  Professor  of  Mathematics  in  his  alma  mater. 


He  remained  in  this  position  till  the  exercises  of 
the  college  were  suspended  by  the  war.  He  was  a 
trustee,  and  for  the  last  two  j'ears  of  his  life  treas- 
urer, of  the  college,  but  was  not  again  connected 
with  it  as  instructor.  In  1867,  Dr.  Walters  became 
corresponding  secretary  of  the  Baptist  State  Con- 
vention, and  did  good -service  for  three  years  in 
organizing  the  mission  work  of  the  State. 

He  was  three  tiiires  identified  with  the  press.  In 
1867  he  purchased,  in  connection  with  Mr.  J.  II. 
Mills,  the  Biblical  Recorder,  his  interest  in  which  he 
transferred  to  his  partner  in  a  few  months.  He 
edited  the  Farmer's  Journal,  under  the  management 
of  Gen.  Johnston  Jones,  and  for  several  3'ears  he 
was  the  valuable  agricultural  editor  of  the  Biblical 
Recorder.  He  was  one  of  the  best  farmers  in  the 
State,  and  was  a  preacher  of  much  vigor.  The 
churches  of  Littleton  and  Wilson  owe  their  exist- 
ence to  him.     He  died  Dec.  31,  1877. 

Walton,  Rev.  W.  A.,  was  born  the  slave  of 
Col.  James  Mann.  March  17,  1836,  in  Morgan  Co., 
Ga.  He  was  converted  in  1856,  and  was  baptized 
into  the  fellowship  of  Antioch  church,  Morgan 
Co.,.Ga.,  by  Rev.  J.  Stillwell.  Having  removed 
to  Texas,  he  became  a  member  of  the  Washington 
church,  composed  both  of  white  and  colored  per- 
sons, under  the  ministry  of  Rev.  Michael  Ross. 
Under  the  preaching  of  Sir.  Ross  he  stored  his 
memory  with  passages  of  Scriptures  in  a  wonder- 
ful degree,  imitative  0/  the  mental  habit  of  the 
preacher,  wlio  had  been  reared  in  England  in  the 
state  church.  Under  the  pastorate  of  Rev.  James 
E.  Paxton  he  was  in  1866  licensed  to  preach  the 
gospel,  giving  promise  of  great  usefulness.  He 
first  went  to  school  one  month  to  Mr.  Watt  Bon- 
ner ;  second,  two  weeks  to  Samuel  Carroll  :  third, 
to  J.  II.  AVashington,  two  days  ;  fourth,  to  Dr.  W. 
C.  Crane,  at  Baylor  University,  Independence,  two 
months.  He  has  had  the  pastoral  care  of  five 
churches,  and  has  the  pastoral  care  of  four  at 
this  time, — Anderson,  Grimes  Co.,  with  a  member- 
ship of  275  ;  Navisota,  same  county,  membership, 
445;  Washington,  Washington  Co.,  membership, 
363  ;  IIeni])stead.  AV'allerCo.,  membership,  385  ;  to- 
tal membership,  1368.  He  has  baptized  863  per- 
sons since  he  has  been  ordained  to  the  gospel 
ministry.  No  colored  minister  in  Texas  draws 
larger  congregations  at  all  times  to  hear  him,  and 
no  one  exerts  a  better  general  Influence  over  his 
race  for  time  and  eternity  than  AV.  A.  Walton. 
Ho  bids  fair  for  a  long  life  of  usefulness. 

Ward,  John,  LL.D.,  was  born  in  London,  Eng- 
land, in  1679.  His  father  Avas  a  Baptist  minister, 
and  he  belonged  to  the  congregation  of  Dr.  J.  Sten- 
nott,  of  his  native  cit}'.  He  possessed  learning  of 
tlie  highest  order,  and  loved  the  acquisition  of 
knowledge  with  an  intense  affection. 

Ill  1720  he  was  elected  Professor  of  Rhetoric  in 


WARD 


1209 


WARD 


Greshain  College,  London  ;  some  time  after,  a 
member  of  the  Royal  Society  ;  and  in  1752  one  of 
its  vice-presidents.  The  University  of  Edinburgh 
conferred  on  liini  the  decree  of  LL.D. 

He  was  the  author  of '"  The  Lives  of  the Gresliam 
Professors,"  of  "  The  Westminster  Greek  Gram- 
mar,'' and  of  other  works.  He  aided  Horsley  in 
his  "Britannia  Romana,"'  and  Ainsworth  in  his 
"  Dictionary."  His  information  embraced  almost 
every  subject,  and  his  character  for  piety,  modesty, 
and  usefulness  made  him  an  honor  to  our  denomi- 
nation. 

In  1754,  Dr.  Ward  put  £1200  of  bank  stock  in 
trust  for  the  education  of  two  or  more  young  men 
for  the  ministry  in  a  Scotch  university,  or  else- 
where. In  1876  there  were  four  brethren  aided  by 
this  fund.  Some  of  our  most  distinguished  Eng- 
lish ministers  have  received  assistance  from  "  Dr. 
Ward's  Trust."     The  founder  of  it  died  in  1758. 

Ward,  Prof.  Milan  L.,  was  born  in  Meredith, 
N.  Y.,  in    182'.).     He  graduated   at  Madison  Uni- 


TROK.    MII.AX    I,.   WARD. 

versity,  after  which  he  taught  in  Norwich  Acad- 
emy, then  in  Southampton  Co.,  Va.  In  1860  he 
was  called  to  the  chair  of  Natural  Sciences  in  the 
Delaware  Literary  Institute.  In  18G2  he  became 
principal  of  Norwicb  Academy,  which  position  he 
held  until  1869,  when  he  resigned.  Under  his 
administration  the  academy  rose  from  a  very  low 
position  to  one  of  tiic  highest  rank,  standing  fifth 
among  the  two  hundred  academies  in  the  State  of 
New  York.  From  1869  to  1873,  Prof.  Ward  had 
charge  of  the  educational  department  of  Ottawa 
77 


University,  Kansas.  In  1873  he  was  elected  Pro- 
fessor of  Mathematics  and  English  in  the  Kansas 
State  Agricultural  College,  which  position  he  still 
holds.  He  is  also  loan  commissioner,  librarian, 
and,  in  the  absence  of  the  president,  acting  presi- 
dent of  the  college. 

From  the  commencement  of  his  religious  life  the 
predominant  desire  in  Prof.  AYard's  heart  has  been 
to  be  useful  while  he  lived.  To  this  end  he  worked 
/lis  way  through  college.  He  took  a  theological 
course,  and  was  ordained  to  labor  as  a  missionary 
preacher  among  the  destitute  churches  in  South- 
ampton Co.,  Va.  But  he  soon  became  convinced 
tliat  teaching,  rather  than  preaching,  should  be  his 
life-work.  His  highest  ambition  is  to  be  recognized 
as  a  Christian  educator. 

Prof.  AVard  takes  an  active  interest  in  church 
and  denominational  work,  and  has  held  for  three 
years  the  office  of  secretary  of  the  Kansas  Baptist 
Convention. 

"Ward,  Gov.  Samuel,  was  born  in  Newport, 
R.  I.,  May  27,  1725.  He  was  the  second  son  of 
Gov.  Richard  AYard.  and  a  lineal  descendant  of 
Roger  AV'illiams.  He  removed  in  early  manhood 
to  AVesterly,  R.  I.,  and  met  with  great  pecuniary 
success  in  the  agricultural  and  mercantile  pursuits 
in  which  he  engaged.  He  represented  his  adopted 
homo  for  several  years  in  the  General  Asseinblv 
of  Rhode  Island,  and  took  a  prominent  part  in  its 
deliberations.  In  1761  be  was  appointed  chief  jus- 
tice of  the  colony,  and  in  May,  17f)2,  was  chosen 
its  governor.  He  took  a  great  interest  in  the 
founding  of  Rhode  Island  College,  and  was  one  of 
its  trustees  from  1764  to  1776.  In  1765  he  was  re- 
elected governor.  AYIien  the  Stamp  Act,  so  in- 
famous in  the  eyes  of  the  colonists,  was  passed, 
and  the  governors  of  the  colonies  took  an  oath  to 
sustain  and  enforce  it.  Gov.  AYard  alone  persisted 
in  his  refusal  to  yield  compliance.  Once  more  he 
was  chosen  governor  of  the  colony.  At  the  end 
of  his  third  term  he  retired  to  comparatively  pri- 
vate life,  but  was  a  thoughtful  observer  of  what 
was  transpiring  in  the  country,  and  took  a  decided 
stand  from  the  outset  against  the  oppressive  acts 
of  the  British  crown.  He,  with  Stephen  Hopkins, 
represented  the  State  of  Rhode  Island  in  the  Con- 
tinental Congress  of  1774,  and  advocated  the  most 
vigorous  measures  against  the  encroachments  of 
Parliament.  AViieti  affairs  reached  a  crisis,  in  con- 
sequence of  the  blood  shed  at  Concord  and  Lexing- 
ton, Gov.  Ward's  counsel  and  advice  in  Congress 
were  received  with  great  deference.  He  was  al- 
ways called  to  the  chair  when  Congress  went  into 
a  committee  of  the  whole.  He  was  chairman  of 
several  important  committees,  and  among  them 
that  which  was  appointed  to  nominate  a  general 
for  tiie  American  army,  and  he  reported  the  name 
of  Col.  George  AYashington.     His  son,  Capt.  Sam- 


WAED 


1210 


WARDER 


uel  Ward,  occupied  a  prominent  position  in  the 
Revolutionary  forces,  and  enjoyed  the  intimate 
friendship  of  the  commander-in-chief.  The  whole 
course  of  Gov.  AVard  through  the  early  stages  of 
the  Revolution  showed  him  to  be  a  true  patriot, 
ready  to  make  any  and  every  sacrrfice  for  his  coun- 
try's welHire.  Had  his  life  and  health  been  spared, 
he  would  have  continued  to  devote  himself  to  the 
cause  in  which  he  had  embarked  "his  life,  his  for- 
tune, and  his  sacred  honor."  In  the  midst  of  ar- 
duous duties,  which  must  have  taxed  his  energies 
to  their  utmost,  he  was  attacked  with  the  small- 
pox, and  died  March  26,  1776.  In  communicating 
the  sad  intelligence  to  the  secretary  of  the  State 
of  Rhode  Island,  his  colleague,  Stephen  Hopkins, 
says,  among  other  things,  "He  will  be  carried  into 
the  great  Presbyterian  meeting-house  in  Arch 
Street,  where  a  funeral  discourse  will  be  delivered 
by  the  Rev.  Samuel  Stillman.  The  corpse  will 
from  thence  be  carried  to  the  Baptist  burying- 
ground  in  this  city,  and  there  interred."  John 
Adams  also  writes,  "  Gov.  Ward  was  an  amiable 
and  a  sensible  man,  a  steadfast  friend  to  his  coun- 
try, upon  very  pure  principles.  His  funeral  was 
attended  with  the  same  solemnities  as  Mr.  Ran- 
dolph's. Mr.  Stillman  being  the  Anabaptist  here, 
of  which  persuasion  was  the  governor,  was  desired 
by  Congress  to  preach  a  sermon,  which  he  did  with 
great  applause." 

The  body  of  Gov.  Ward  was  interred  in  the 
grounds  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  in  Philadel- 
phia, and  a  monument  erected  over  his  remains  by 
order  of  the  Rhode  Island  General  Assembly.  In 
1860  the  Ijody  was  removed  to  the  cemetery  of 
Newport,  R.  I. 

Ward,  Thomas,  was  the  eldest  son  of  John 
Ward,  who  had  been  an  officer  in  one  of  Crom- 
well's cavalry  regiments,  and,  emigrating  to  Amer- 
ica from  Gloucester,  England,  after  the  accession 
of  King  Charles  II.,  he  settled  in  Newport,  R.  I., 
where  he  died  in  April, '1698.  His  son  Thomas 
preceded  his  father  in  taking  up  his  residence  in 
Newport,  arriving  there  not  fay  from  1660.  For 
his  second  wife  he  married  Amy  Smith,  grand- 
daughter of  Roger  Williams.  Backus  says  of  him, 
"  That  he  was  a  Baptist,  before  he  came  out  of 
Cromwell's  army,  and  a  very  useful  man  in  the 
colony  of  Rhode  Island."  For  one  year — 1677-78 
— he  was  general  treasurer  of  the  colony  under  the 
royal  charter  of  Ciiarles  II.  His  descendants  were 
iuiiong  the  most  distinguished  citizens  of  Rhode 
Island.  His  son  Richard  was  governor  of  the  col- 
ony, 1741-43,  having  pi-eviously  been  secretary  of 
state  for  nineteen  years,  1714-33.  His  grandson 
Samuel  filled  the  highest  posts  of  honor  which  his 
fellow-citizens  could  confer  on  him.  A  son  of 
Samuel  was  secretary  of  state  for  thirty-seven 
years.     The  widow  of  Thomas  Ward,  alread\'  re- 


ferred to  as  the  granddaugliter  of  Roger  Williams, 
married  Arnold  Collins,  and  their  son,  Henry  Col- 
lins, wiio  was  an  extensive  merchant  in  Newport, 
R.  I.,  became  so  good  a  patron  of  letters  that  he 
was  called  by  Dr.  Benjamin  Waterhouse  "  the 
Lorenzo  de'  Medici  of  Rhode  Island." 

Ward,  Rev.  William,  the  third  of  the  famous 
Serampore  triumvirate,  was  born  at  Derby,  Eng- 
land, on  Oct.  2U,  1769.  He  served  an  apprentice- 
ship to  a  printer  in  his  native  town,  and  for  a  time 
edited  with  ability  the  Derby  Mercury.  He  subse- 
quently edited  newspapers  at  Stafford  and  Hull. 
In  August,  1796,  he  was  converted,  and  joined  the 
Baptist  church  in.  Hull.  His  great  talents  could 
not  be  hid,  and,  at  the  instance  of  a  benevolent 
friend,  who  undertook  to  pay  all  his  expenses,  he 
renounced  journalism,  and  placed  himself  under 
the  tuition  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Fawcett,  at  Ewood  Hall, 
Yorkshire.  Hearing  some  months  afterwards  that 
the  Missionary  Society  wanted  a  printer  to  print 
the  Bengalee  translations  of  the  Scriptures,  he  of- 
fered himself,  and  was  gladly  accepted.  In  1811, 
Mr.  Ward  published  the  first  edition  of  his  popular 
and  most  valuable  work  on  the  Hindoos.  Experi- 
ence has  fully  corroborated  his  statements,  and  it 
remains  one  of  the  standard  books  on  the  subject. 
Mr.  Ward  visited  England  in  1819,  and  was  inces- 
santly occupied  with  public  engagements.  He  was 
the  first  missionary  who  had  ever  returned  from 
the  East.  His  warm  a^d  animated  addresses  were 
well  adapted  to  move  popular  assemljlies.  He  also 
visited  Holland,  and  then  proceeded  to  this  country, 
where  he  spent  three  months,  and  raised  .SIO.OOO 
for  Serampore  College.  He  was  everywhere  greeted 
with  the  warmest  welcome.  Whether  in  the  pul- 
pit or  on  the  platform,  he  was  immensely  popular. 
He  returned  to  India. in  1821,  and.  after  a  brief 
illness,  died  on  March  7,  1823,  aged  fifty-three. 

Warder,  Joseph  W.,  D.D.,  w.os  born  in  Logan 
Co.,  Ky.,  Oct.  13,  1825.  He  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  at  Georgetown,  and  was  licensed  to  preach 
while  attending  college  at  that  place,  where  he 
graduated  in  1845.  He  taught  one  year  in  the  pri- 
mary department  of  that  institution,  and  was  elected 
to  the  chair  of  Blathematics.  but  declined  the  posi- 
tion and  entered  Newton  Theological  Seminary, 
where  he  graduated  in  1849,  having  meanwhile 
spent  some  time  at  Princeton  Theological  Seminary. 
He  Avas  ordained  to  the  ministrv,  and  was  a  short 
time  pastor  of  the  Ba|itist  church  at  Frankfort,  Ky. 
From  1851  to  1856  he  was  pastor  of  the  church  at 
Maysville,  Ky.  He  then  removed  West,  and  at 
different  periods  was  pastor  at  Lexington,  Mo., 
Atchison,  Kansas,  Kansas  City  and  Clinton,  Mo., 
and  Lawrence,  Kansas.  While  at  Clinton  he  was 
for  a  time  financial  agent  of  William  Jewell  Col- 
lege. In  1875  he  returned  to  Kentucky  and 
accepted  the  pastorate   of  AValnut   Street  Baptist 


WARDER 


1211 


WARNE 


church,  in  Louisville.  He  is  now  one  of  the  lead- 
ing ministers  of  the  South,  and  is  distinguished  for 
his  learning,  piety,  and  pulpit  ability. 

Warder,  Rev.  Walter,  son  of  Joseph  AVarder, 
a  noted  pioneer  of  Kentucky,  was  born  in  Fau- 
quier Co.,  Va.,  in  17>>7.  lie  removed  with  his 
fatiier  to  Barren  Co.,  Ky.,  about  1.S07,  and  the 
same  year  united  with  Dripping  Spring  Baptist 
churcli.  He  came  up  out  of  the  baptismal  water 
exhorting  sinners  to  repent,  and  from  that  time 
until  his  death  was  one  of  the  most  zealous,  hibori- 
ous,  and  efficient  minist(M\s  in  Kentucky.  Ho  was 
ordained  as  pastor  of  Dover  church,  in  Barren 
County,  about  1811.  In  1S14  ho  accepted  the  pas- 
torate of  Mayslick  church,  in  Mason  Co.,  Kj'., 
which  position  he  filled  until  he  finished  his  course. 
He  preached  extensively  throughout  the  territory 
of  Bracken  Association  and  the  adjacent  parts  of 
the  State  of  Ohio.  During  a  pastorate  of  twenty- 
two  years  there  were  received  into  Mayslick  church 
1015  members.  In  the  year  1828  he  baptized  into 
that  church  485,  and  in  the  bounds  of  Bracken 
Association  more  than  1000.  He  died  in  Jlissouri 
in  1S.36. 

Warder,  Rev.  William,  brother   of  AValter 

Warder,  and  ecpially  brilliant  and  useful  in  the 
gospel  ministry,  was  born  in  Fauquier  Co.,  Va., 
Jan.  8,  1786.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  went  with 
his  brother,  the  late  Rev.  John  Warder,  of  Mis- 
souri, to  Barren  Co.,  Ky.  Ho  was  ))aj)tized  at  the 
same  time  and  place  with  his  brother  Walter,  and 
like  him  began  to  preach  almost  immediately  after 
his  baptism.  He  was  licensed  in  1809  and  was 
ordained  in  1811.  For  about  eight  years  he  gave 
himself  to  traveling  and  pi'eaching  over  the  central 
part  of  Kentucky,  froni  the  Tennessee  line  to  the 
border  of  Ohio,  with  great  success  in  winning  souls 
to  Christ.  In  1820  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  church 
at  Ilussellville,  and  soon  afterwards  to  the  churches 
of  Glasgow  and  Bowling  Green.  In  1821  he  mar- 
ried Miss  Margaret,  sister  of  the  late  Gov.  Charles 
S.  Morehead,  of  Kentucky,  and  settled  near  Ilus- 
sellville, where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his 
earthly  pilgrimage,  except  one  year  passed  in  Nash- 
ville, Tenn.  He  possessed  superior  gifts  as  a 
preacher,  and  was  a  man  of  enlarged  views  and 
active  enterprise.  He  organized  an  "Educating 
Society"'  at  Russellville,  and  thus  laid  the  founda- 
tion of  Bethel  College.  He  was  largely  instru- 
mental in  organizing  Bethel  Association,  in  1824, 
out  of  a  small  missionary  element  in  old  Red  River 
Association,  which  at  its  thirtieth  anniversary  con- 
tained an  aggi-egate  membership  of  7000,  and  had 
erected  two  prosperous  colleges.  He  died  Aug.  9, 
1836. 
Ware,  Rev.  James  Agnew,  M.D.,  an  eminent 

physician  and  preacher  in  Pontotoc  Co..  Miss.,  was 
born  in  South  Carolina  in   1804.     After  studying 


medicine  and  obtaining  his  degree  he  became  im- 
pressed with  the  duty  of  preaching,  and  during  his 
long  life,  while  actively  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
medicine,  he  was  assiduous  also  in  his  ministerial 
lal)(>rs.  He  was  ordained  in  1834.  He  removed  to 
I'ontotoc  Co.,  Miss.,  in  1830.  At  this  time  there 
were  few  ministers  and  churches  in  North  Missis- 
sippi. In  his  own  neighborhood  there  was  but  one 
preaching-place, — the  Presljyterian  mission  station 
among  the  Indians.  Among  the  foremost  and  most 
active  of  the  few  ministers  then  on  tiie  ground,  he 
gathered,  in  1837,  a  church  called  Tokshish,  near 
Red  Land,  of  which  he  became  the  first  pastor,  and 
almost  the  only  pastor  during  his  life.  From  this 
mother-church  sprang  a  numbin"  of  others,  and 
many  ministers  went  out  from  it  under  the  foster- 
ing care  of  Dr.  Ware.     He  died  in  18G5. 

Warfield,  Rev.  William  C,  a  learned  and  ))ril- 
liant  preuc'licr  (jC  Kentucky,  was  l>orn  in  Lexing- 
ton, of  that  State,  in  1796.  After  a  preparatory 
course  he  entered  Transylvania  University,  remain- 
ing six  years.  About  the  end  of  the  term  he  had 
an  unfortunate  altercation,  which  resulted  in  the 
serious  injury  of  a  comrade.  In  the  confusion  that 
ensued  young  AVarfield  fled  from  home  and  went  to 
Bardstown,  Ky.,  where  he  commenced  reading  law 
under  the  distinguished  Judge  John  Rowan.  Soon 
after  this  he  was  converted  to  Christ,  returned  to 
Lexington,  and  united  with  the  Baptist  church, 
where  he  was  licensed  to  preach.  He  then  spent 
two  years  in  Princeton  Theological  Seminary. 
Returning  home,  he  was  ordained,  and,  after  speiul- 
ing  a  brief  period  in  preaching  around  Lexington, 
he  settled  within  the  bounds  of  Bethel  Association, 
where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life.  His 
labors  were  blessed  to  the  instruction  of  the  young 
churches,  and  he  was  greatly  beloved  an<l  honored 
among  them.     He  died  Nov.  3,  1835. 

Wame,  J.  A.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  the  city  of 
London,  England,  in  the  year  1795,  and  at  an  early 
age  united  with  the  Little  Wild  Street  Baptist 
church  of  that  gi-eat  city.  After  receiving  a 
thorough  education  at  Stepney  College,  he  offered 
himself  as  a  foreign  missionary,  Imt  was  compelled 
to  relinquish  his  purpose  in  that  direction  owing 
to  feeble  health.  Determined  to  do  the  next  best 
thing,  he  came  with  his  wife  to  this  country,  and 
settled  in  North  Carolina.  While  in  the  South  he 
W!is  pastor  at  Newborn  and  principal  of  Imwan 
Academy.  Compelled  again  by  ill  health  to  make 
a  change,  he  came  North,  and  was  stated  supply  or 
pastor  of  the  First  church.  Providence,  R.  I.,  South 
Reading  and  Brookline,  Mass.,  and  Sansom  Street, 
of  Philadelphia.  About  the  year  1845  he  went  out 
of  the  pastorate,  and  has  since  lived  in  retirement. 
He  was  not  idle,  however,  in  religions  things.  It 
was  he  who  edited  the  Baptist  edition  of  the  '"Com- 
prehensive Commentary."     In  his  own  neighbor- 


WARREN 


1212 


WARREN 


hood,  far  out  in  the  suburbs,  he  has  always  been 
engaged  in  Christian  work. 

The  peculiar  feature  about  his  life,  and  that  which 
gives  it  special  nobility,  was  his  consecration  to  the 
cahse  of  foreign  missions.  Unable  to  go  himself, 
he  was  deeply  interested  in  sustaining  those  who 
could  go.  AVhen  Dr.  Price's  children  came  to  this 
country,  and  their  own  relatives  refused  to  receive 
them  because  their  mother  was  a  Burmese  woman, 
he  took  them  under  his  roof  and  gave  them  an 
education.  Since  his  retirement  from  the  pastorate 
he  has  occupied  himself  in  making  and  saving 
money  for  foreign  missions.  His  little  farm  be- 
coming valuable  on  account  of  the  growth  of  the 
city,  he  sold  out  parts  of  it  to  advantage,  and  re- 
invested the  money  in  houses.  Some  time  before  his 
death,  which  occurred  early  in  1881,  feeling  that 
his  life  was  near  its  close,  and  wishing  to  save  the 
expense  of  an  executor  and  the  State  tax  on  willed 
property,  he  made  over  his  entire  estate  to  the  Mis- 
sionary Union,  accepting  in  return  only  a  small 
annuity  for  himself  and  wife.  The  estate  will 
probably  amount  to  $40,000. 

All  this  shows  the  power  of  a  consecrated  pur- 
pose. Dr.  Warne  would  have  been  glad  to  be  a 
missionary  ;  but  when  that  was  denied  him,  he  did 
not  forget  that  he  had  given  himself  to  the  mission- 
ary cause,  and  determined  to  do  his  best  to  provide 
the  means  of  sending  others.  In  order  to  carry 
out  this  purpose  as  fully  as  possible  he  subjected 
himself  to  the  closest  economy. 

Warren,  Gen.  Eli,  a  laA^vyer  of  eminence,  re- 
siding at  Perry,  Houston  Co.,  Ga.,  still  engaged 
(1880)  in  practice,  although  nearly  eighty  years  of 
age,  was  born  in  Burke  County,  Feb.  27,  1801. 
His  father  was  Josiah  Warren,  whose  descendants 
occupy  honorable  and  useful  positions  in  Geoi'gia. 
Early  left  an  orphan,  Eli  Warren  was  placed 
under  the  care  of  his  eldest,  sister  and  her  husband. 
Rev.  Charles  Culpepper,  a  Baptist  minister,  who 
instilled  correct  principles  into  his  mind,  which 
preserved  him  from  the  vices  of  that  age.  They 
gave  him  the  best  educational^  advantages  of  the 
day.  Choosing  the  law  for  his  profession,  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1823,  and  has  continued  in 
its  successful  practice  ever  since. 

Gen.  Warren  was  frequently  sent  to  the  State 
Legislature  by  his  fellow-citizens  in  his  younger 
days,  and  was  elected  brigadier-general  of  militia  in 
1828,  a  position  at  that  time  of  some  prominence. 
Though  urged  to  do  so  he  has  declined  all  other 
offices,  devoting  himself  to  his  profession.  In  the 
winter  of  183'J^O  he  settled  in  Perry,  Houston 
Co.,  and  at  present  no  man  in  his  section  stands 
higlrer  in  public  estimation.  He  has  long  been 
distinguished  for  his  legal  ability :  has  always 
been  considered  a  most  amiable  man,  noted  for  his 
benevolence  and  hospitality  ;  and  his  life  has  ever 


been  pure,  sober,  and  honorable ;  he  has  endeav- 
ored invariably  to  do  good  to  everj-  one,  and  es- 
pecially to  young  men,  hundreds  of  whom  he  has 
aided  by  material  assistance  and  advice,  and  by 
inifu-essing  on  them  the  importance  of  honesty, 
temperance,  and  truthfulness. 

Gen.  AVarren  has  always  acted  on  the  principle 
that  it  is  better  to  give  to  an  unworthy  object  than 
fair  to  help  a  good  one.  He  has  always  been  a 
decided  Baptist  in  principle,  but  never  united  with 
the  church  until  October,  1869,  since  which  time 
he  has  been  a  pious,  active,  and  liberal  church 
member.     Ilis  hospitality  knows  no  bounds. 

Warren,  E.  W.,  L.D.,  was  born  in  Conecuh 
Co.,  Ala.,  JMarch   16,  1820.     Under  the  careful  in- 


E.  W.  MARREN,  D.D. 

struction  of  his  fiither,  the  Rev.  Kittrell  Warren, 
a  man  of  strong  natural  ability  and  unusual  ora- 
torical powers,  he  acquired  an  ordinary  English 
education,  while  at  the  same  time  spending  the 
most  of  his  time  in  assisting  in  the  cultivation  of 
the  farm.  For  three  or  four  years,  and  until  he 
was  twenty-three,  he  applied  himself  with  great 
diligence  to  study,  and  then  entered  on  the  practice 
of  law,  having  formed  a  copartnership  with  his 
uncle,  the  Hon.  Lott  Warren,  a  distinguished  jurist 
of  Georgia,  and  at  one  time  a  member  of  Congress. 
In  the  prosecution  of  his  profession  he  met  with 
gratifying  success,  and  continued  it  for  five  or  six 
years.  In  September,  J84j.  he  united  with  the 
Baptist  church  at  Starkville,  Ga..  taking  an  active 
part  in  all  the  services,  and  supplying  in  a  meas- 
ure, during  his  absence,  the  place  of  his  pastor,  the 


WARREN 


1213 


WARREN 


Rev.  Dr.  AV'iiikler.  Altliougli  quite  successful  in 
his  occasional  preaching,  he  felt  a  strong  disincli- 
nation to  give  himself  wholly  to  ministerial  work, 
and  the  afflictive  pi'ovidences  of  God,  only,  brought 
him  to  complete  submission  to  his  will  in  this 
matter.  He  was  licensed  in  1849;  and  giving  up 
the  practice  of  his  profession  he  took  charge  of  a 
school,  and  for  two  years,  during  which  time  he 
occasionally  preached,  he  made  prepai'ation  for  his 
future  ministerial  work.  Having  soon  become 
pastor  of  a  country  church,  his  voice  failed,  and 
for  a  short  time  he  edited  the  Christian  Index, 
published  at  Macon,  Ga. 

On  the  removal  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Landriim  from 
the  church  in  Macon  to  Savannah,  Dr.  Warren  be- 
came pastor  of,  the  church  in  Macon,  and  continued 
in  that  relation  for  twelve  years.  From  Macon  he 
removed,  in  1871,  to  Atlanta,  Ga.,  and  served  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  that  place  with  much  suc- 
cess until,  in  1876,  he  accepted  the  call  to  the  pas- 
torate of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Richmond, 
Va.,  succeeding  the  Rev.  Dr.  Burrows.  Dr.  War- 
ren has  always  been  interested  in  the  educa- 
tional enterprises  of  the  denomination.  For  more 
than  twenty  years  he  was  an  active  member  of  the 
board  of  trustees  of  Mercer  University,  Ga.,  and 
did  much  for  the  advancement  of  liberal  education 
in  that  State.  In  1875  Mercer  University  con- 
ferred on  him  the  degree  of  D.D.  While  in  Rich- 
mond, Dr.  Warren  preached  to  one  of  the  largest 
and  most  energetic  Baptist  congregations  in  the 
South,  and  lie  was  highly  esteemed  by  all  who 
knew  him.  In  the  fall  of  1879  he  returned  to  the 
First  church  of  Macon,  where  his  labors  are  highly 
appreciated. 

"Warren,  Hon.  Henry,  was  liorn  in  Nova  Sco- 
tia in  1817  ;  removed  to  the  United  States  in  183(), 
and  to  Oregon  in  1847.  He  was  baptized  in  1853; 
is  a  member  and  clerk  of  the  church  at  McMinn- 
ville :  has  been  a  trustee  of  McMinnville  College 
since  its  organization,  in  1857,  and  is  secretary  of 
the  college  board;  was  sherifF  of  Yamhill  County 
seven  years  ;  a  member  of  the  Oregon  Legislature  ; 
receiver  of  U.  S.  land-office  nine  years;  is  now  a 
prosperous  business  man  at  JMcMinnville,  a  thor- 
oughly active  and  liberal  Baptist  of  wide  influence 
in  Oregon,  and  one  of  the  strong  supporters  of  the 
Baptist  college  in  that  State. 

Warren,  Jonah  G.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  AVard, 

Mass.,  Sept.  11,  18il!.  and  graduated  at  Brown 
University  in  1835.  He  took  the  theological  course 
at  Newton,  graduating  in  the  class  of  1838.  lie  was 
ordained  at  North  Oxford,  Mass.,  in  September, 
1838,  and  accepted  a  call  to  the  church  at  Chicopet, 
Mass.,  where  he  remained  until  1849,  when  ho  be- 
came pastor  of  the  church  at  North  Troy,  N.  Y.  Ilis 
relation  with  this  church  continued  until  1855,  when 
he  was  elected  secretary  of  the  American  Baptist 


Missionary  Union,  holding  the  office  for  seventeen 
years.  He  resigned  his  position  in  1872.  During 
this  long  term  of  service  Dr.  Warren  rendered  most 
efficient  aid  in  advancing  the  cause  of  evangeliza- 
tion among  the  heathen,  and  siiw  the  society  in 
whoso  behalf  he  labored  so  zealously  take  a  high 
positioti  among  the  missionary  organizations  of 
the  world. 

Dr.  Warren  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity  from  the  Rochester  University  in  1856, 
and  was  a  trustee  of  Brown  University  from  1858 
to  1873,  when  he  resigned  his  office  on  account  of 
ill  healtli. 

Warren,  Rev.  Kittrell,  was  a  son  of  Josiah 

Warren,  and  an  elder  brother  of  Hon.  Lott  Warren 
and  Gen.  Eli  Warren.  His  ancestors  came  from 
England  and  settled  in  Virginia,  from  which  Jo- 
siah Warren  removed  to  North  Carolina  during 
the  Revolutionary  war,  and  from  it  to  Burke  (]o., 
Ga.,  where  Kittrell  was  born  Oct.  17,  1780.  The 
family  removed  to  Laurens  County  in  1804,  and 
settled  four  miles  below  Dublin,  where  Josiah 
Warren  and  his  wife  both  died  in  1809.  Kittrell 
Warren  married  Mrs.  Floyd,  of  Jefferson  County, 
a  woman  of  ardent  and  consistent  piety,  who  after- 
wards professed  conversion  and  was  baptized. 

In  1817,  Kittrell  AVarren  moved  to  Alabama  and 
united  with  a  Baptist  church  in  that  State,  and 
was  ordained  about  1827.  Returning  to  Georgia 
in  1831,  he  settled  in  Houston  County. 

He  was  a  man  of  a  devout  spirit  and  of  great 
benevolence,  and  to  the  day  of  his  death  diligently 
preached  the  gospel.     He  died  in  the  year  1837. 

Warren,  Judge  Lott,  rose  to  high  distinction, 
and  exercised  an  extended  and  salutary  influence 
as  a  member  of  Congress,  as  a  law3-er,  and  as  a 
judge  of  the  Superior  Court.  His  ancestors  came 
from  England.  Lott  was  born  Oct.  30,  1797,  in 
Burke  Co.,  Ga.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1821.  In  the  year  pi-evious  he  had  served  as  sec- 
ond lieutenant  in  Capt.  Dean's  company,  under 
Col.  Wright,  in  the  State  militia,  during  the  Semi- 
nole war.  Gen.  Gaines  being  in  command  of  the 
State  troops  ;  and  he  was  present  at  the  burning 
of  the  Indian  town  of  Chehaw,  in  what  is  now  Lee 
County.  He  began  to  practise  law  in  Dublin,  but 
afterwards  removed  to  Marion,  Twiggs  Co.,  and 
from  it  to  Amcricus  in  1836.  Half  a  dozen  years 
later  he  removed  to  Albany,  whore  he  resided  the 
remainder  of  his  life.  He  was  called  by  his  fellow- 
citizens  to  many  important  positions.  For  a  time 
he  was  a  member  of  the  State  senate.  He  was, 
also,  solicitor-general  and  judge  of  the  Southern 
circuit.  Subsequently  he  was  elected  twice  to 
serve  his  State  in  Congress,  and  afterwards  was' 
elected  twice  to  serve  on  the  bench  of  the  South- 
western circuit.  In  these  various  offices  he  dis- 
charged his  duties  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the 


WARREN 


1214 


WARREN 


people,  by  whom  he  was  most  highly  respected. 
lie  died  on  tlie  17th  of  June,  1861,  but  lie  had  not 
been  called  away  unprepared.  For  nearly  twenty 
years  ho  had  been  a  decided  Christian  and  a  firm 
Baptist.  lie  had  even  been  set  apart  to  the  work 
of  the  gospel  ministry,  but  only  Occasionally  offici- 
ated in  the  pulpit.  He  was  a  man  of  earnest  piety, 
decided  opinions,  and  great  moral  firmness.  He 
wiis  a  friend  of  the  poor,  a  bold  and  able  champion 
in  the  cause  of  temperance,  and  an  unwearied  sup- 
porter of  the  Sunday-school  cause,,  laboring  for 
many  years  with  indefatigable  zeal  as  a  teacher. 
lie  was  a  lover  of  gospel  truth,  and  of  the  gates  of 
Zion.  It  deserves  to  be  placed  on  record  that  the 
representative,  lawyer,  statesman,  and  judge  was, 
on  days  of  public  worship,  to  friends  and  strangers, 
rich  and  poor,  the  watchful,  affectionate,  gentle- 
manly doorkeeper  of  the  sanctuary  in  providing 
comfortable  seats  for  those  who  attended  worship. 

Warren,  E,.  I.,  Baptist  Church. — In  the  year 
1663,  Rev.  John  Miles  came  to  this  country  from 
Wales,  and  settled  in  the  town  of  Rehoboth,  then  in 
the  colony  of  Plymouth.  The -town  covered  a  large 
territory,  out  of  which  several  others  have  been 
formed.  Mr.  Miles  being  a  lieretic  of  the  Roger 
AVilliams  order  was  not  allowed  to  remain  in  Reho- 
both. He  removed  with  his  church  to  <a  grant  of 
land  called  AVannamoiset,  which  he  had  obtained 
from  the  Plymouth  Colony,  and  commenced  a  set- 
tlement, to  which  he  gave  the  name  of  his  home 
far  across  the  waters,  Swanzey.  This  territory 
embraced  what  are  now  the  towns  of  Somerset, 
Barrington,  Warren,  and  Swanzey.  Until  174G  it 
was  in  Massachusetts.  In  that  year  a  part  of  the 
territory  was  brought  wifhin  the  limits  of  Rhode 
Island.  On  the  ]5th  of  November,  1704,  twenty 
brethren  and  thirty-eight  sisters,  the  majority  of 
the  whole  number  being  members  of  the  Swanzey 
church,  were  constituted  a.  Baptist  church  in  the 
village  of  Warren.  Tlie  formation  of  the  church 
at  this  time  was  probably  hastened  by  the  follow- 
ing circumstance.  The  Rev.  James  Manning,  of 
New  Jersey,  was  sent  to  Rhode  Island  to  found  an 
institution  in  the  "  colony  of  Rhode  Island,  under 
the  chief  direction  of  the  Baptists,  in  which  educa- 
tion miglit  l)e  promoted,  and  supei-ior  learning  ob- 
tained." Several  towns  urged  their  claims  to  be 
the  home  of  the  new  college.  It  was  decided  after 
much  discussion  to  locate  it  in  Warren. 

In  deciding  to  lay  the  foundations  of  the  college 
in  Warren,  it  was  understood  that  the  members  of 
the  Swanzey  church  residing  there  would  carry 
out  a  purpose  already  formed,  to  withdraw,  and 
with  other  Baptists  form  a  new  church,  to  the  pas- 
torate of  whicli  the  new  president  should  be  called, 
and  thus  a  salary  raised  sufficient  to  meet  his  pecu- 
niary wants.  The  call  to  Mr.  Manning  is  dated 
Feb.   17,  1704,  but  the  church  was  not  formed,  as 


we  have  seen,  until  the  following  November.  The 
declaration  from  the  religious  society  which  called 
him  to  be  their  minister  is  worthy  of  permanent 
record  :  "  As  we  are  of  opinion  that  they  who 
preach  the  gospel  should  live  of  the  gospel,  we  do 
here  declare  our  intention  to  render  your  life  as 
ha])py  as  possible,  by  our  brotherly  conduct  towards 
you,  and  communicating  our  temporal  tilings  to 
your  necessities,  so  long  as  God  in  his  jirovidence 
shall  continue  us  together."  A  house  of  worship 
was  built  soon  after  Dr.  Manning  took  up  his  resi- 
dence' in  Warren.  Some  of  the  bills  which  were 
contracted  are  a  curiosity  in  their  way.  The  pulpit 
cost  about  thirty  dollars.  The  price  of  meals  in 
those  days  of  rare  economy  was  six  cents  each. 
We  niight  suppose  that  the  one-half  day's  labor  of  a 
horse,  which  was  set  down  at  £9,  and  the  one  day's 
work  of  "  Negro  Sharpe,"  which  is  placed  at  £4, 
were  indications  that  very  large  wages  were  paid 
in  those  primitive  times,  until  we  learn  that  their 
"pounds''  were  worth  not  fiir  from  ten  cents  each. 
The  parsonage  erected  for  the  use  of  the  reverend 
gentleman,  who  combined  in  his  one  person  the 
twp  offices  of  president  of  an  infant  college  and 
pastor  of  an  infant  church,  cost  S3] 6. 

The  ministry  of  Dr.  ]Manning  was  followed  with 
a  rich  blessitig  from  the  great  head  of  the  church. 
While  performing  the  duties  of  his  presidential 
office,  he  watched  over  the  spiritual  interests  of  the 
people  committed  to  his  charge.  In  176G,  under 
date  of  August  28,  "  it  was  moved  that  an  asso- 
ciation be  entered  into  with  sundry  churches  of  the 
same  faith  and  order,  as  it  was  judged  a  likely 
method  to  promote  the  peace  of  tl)e  churches.'' 
Out  of  that  vote  sprang  the  Warren  Baptist  Asso- 
ciation, the  venerable  mother  of  all  the  Associa- 
tions in  New  England.  Dr.  Planning,  with  all  his 
respect  for  the  rights  of  conscience,  was  a  man  of 
"  law  and  order."  When  Brother  Samuel  llieks 
felt  moved  to  preach,  whether  by  a  good  or  a  bad 
spirit  we  do  not  venture  to  say,  without  a  regular 
license  from  the  church,  it  was  voted  "that  lie  is 
hereby  forbidden,  as  a  member  of  this  body,  from 
any  further  attempts  until  he  is  properly  called  by 
the  church,  and  that  the  church  see  no  reason  to 
give  him  such  a  call,  nor  encourage  him  as  a 
preacher."  Brother  Hicks,  however,  was  not  to 
be  restrained  from  doing  what  doubtless  he  thought 
was  his  duty,  whereupon  it  was  voted  that  he  be 
''cut  off  from  the  church  as  a  disorder!}'  member, 
one  that  causes  divisions,  contrary  to  the  doctrines 
of  Christ,  and  must  be  noted  for  avoidance.'' 

At  length  the  question  of  a  change  of  location 
of  the  college  was  decided,  and  Providence  was 
selected  as  its  future  home.  The  struggle  through 
wliich  Dr.  Planning  ]iassed  in  deciding  to  continue 
his  connection  with  it  and  break  the  tie  which 
bound  him  to  his  church  was  very  great,  and  Mr. 


WARREN 


1215 


WASHINGTON' 


Spaldini;  tells  us  that  "lit  one  time  lie  was  about 
to  resign  the  presidency  rather  than  the  pastorate." 
In  light  of  subsequent  events  no  one  can  doubt  the 
wisdom  of  the  decision  wiiich  he  finally  reached. 

The  successor  of  Dr.  Manning  was  Rev.  Charles 
Thompson,  of  whom  there  is  a  sketch  in  this  vdl- 
umc.  lie  was  ordained  July  3,  1771,  and  remained 
as  pastor  of  the  church  until  he  was  forced  to  leave 
in  consequence  of  the  destruction  by  fire  of  the 
meeting-house  and  parsonage,  by  British  and  Hes- 
sian troops  in  1 77S.  Tlie  Baptists  of  Warren  wor- 
shiped with  the  old  Swanzey  church  after  the  loss 
of  their  meeting-house,  where  for  seven  years  they 
sat  under  the  ministry  of  ]Mr.  Thompson,  who  had 
been  called  to  bo  the  pastor  of  the  mother-church. 

In  1784  a  new  church  edifice  was  erected.  The 
next  pastor  of  the  church  was  Rev.  John  Pitman, 
who  entered  upon  his  ministry  Oct.  26,  1781).  His 
ministry  continued  thrct;  years  and  a  half.  The 
fourth  pastor  was  Rev.  Luther  Baker,  during  whose 
pastorate  there  vverc  several  most  fruitful  revivals, 
and  large  additions  were  made  to  the  churcli.  The 
nest  three  pastors  were  Rev.  Messrs.  Silas  Hall, 
Daniel  Checsman,  and  Flavel  Shurtleff,  whose  pas- 
torates were  comparatively  short.  The  Rev.  John  C. 
Welsh,  tiie  next  minister,  commenced  his  pastorate 
June  11,  1823,  and  continued  in  his  office  seventeen 
years.  His  ministry  was  blessed  witli  several  re- 
vivals. The  ninth  pastor  of  the  church  was  Rev. 
Josiah  Phillips  Justin,  during  whose  ministry  the 
present  elegant  and  commodious  stone  edifice  was 
built,  and  dedicated  on  the  8th  of  May,  1845.  He 
resigned  Oct.  23,  1849.  Rev.  Dr.  Robert  A.  Fyfe, 
Rev.  Messrs.  Myron  Munson  Dean,  George  S.  Chase, 
A.  F.  Spalding,  and  S.  R.  Dexter  have  ministered 
to  this  ancient  church  during  the  period  which 
has  elapsed  between  1849  and  the  time  of  writing 
this  sketch. 

The  Warren  church  is  among  the  oldest  of  the 
New  England  churches ;  it  gave  its  name  to  the 
first  Baptist  Association  in  New  England,  and  it 
has  had  in  its  ministry  men  of  God,  "  good  and 
true,''  whose  labors  have  been  signally  blessed  by 
him  whose  they  were  and  whom  they  tried  to  serve. 

Warren,  Rev.  W.  H.,  was  born  in  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island  in  184-5,  and  was  converted  and  bap- 
tized in  liis  native  place  in  1865.  He  graduated 
from  Acadia  College  in  .June,  1871,  and  was  or- 
dained at  Cavendish,  Prince  Edward  Island,  Feb. 
28,  1872.  He  became  pastor  in  1874  of  the  Tem- 
])le  church,  Yarmouth,  Nova  Scotia,  leaving  there 
in  August,  1878,  to  take  charge  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Bridgetown,  Nova  Scotia.  Mr.  Warren 
also  occupied  the  position  of  corresponding  secre- 
tary to  the  Home  ^lissionary  Board  at  Yarmouth. 

Washburn,  Hon.  Henry  Stevenson,  was  born 

in  Providence,  it.  1.,  in  \s\'.\.  Botii  nf  iiis  parents 
were  of  Puritan  ancestry.     At  the  early  age  of 


thirteen  he  was  placed  in  a  store  in  Boston.  His 
plans  for  life  being  changed,  he  pursued  a  course 
of  study  at  the  Worcester  Academy,  and  entered 
Brown  University  in  1836,  where  he  remained 
nearly  a  year,  and  then  was  compelled,  on  account 
of  ill  health,  to  abandon  his  purpose  of  obtaining 
a  collegiate  education.  Soon  after  leaving  college 
he  was  appointed  depositarian  of  the  New  England 
Sunday-School  Union,  and  held  this  office  seven 
years.  Subsequently  he  became  a  manufacturer 
in  Worcester  and  Boston,  and  afterwards  was  ap- 
pointed president  of  the  Union  Mutual  Life  In- 
surance Company.  He  spent  three  years  abroad 
in  behalf  of  the  con)pany.  Mr.  AV'ashburn  has  oc- 
cupied many  positions  of  honor  and  responsibility. 
For  four  years  he  was  president  of  the  Worcester 
County  Manufacturers'  and  Mechanics'  Associa- 
tion, and  for  nine  years  was  a  member  of  the  Bos- 
ton School  Board.  He  was  a  representative  from 
Boston  two  years  in  the  Massachusetts  Legislature, 
and  for  one  year  he  was  in  the  State  senate,  where 
he  was  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Education. 
He  has  carefully  cultivated  his  literary  tastes,  and 
has  published  many  hymns,  lyrics,  etc.  He  orig- 
inated the  Young  Reaj^er,  of  which  he  was  the 
editor  seven  years.  He  has  also  written  and  pub- 
lished much  on  life  insurance,  as  the  result  of  his 
personal  observations  in  Great  Britain,  France,  and 
Germany.     His  present  residence  is  in  Boston. 

Washington,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Cobb.— Among 

those  of  our  Baptist  Zion  wiio  have  adorned  the 
gospel  by  their  works  of  faith  and  labors  of  love 
the  name  of  this  sainted  woman  merits  honorable 
mention.  Her  maiden  name  was  Cobb,  and  she 
was  born  in  Lenoir  Co.,  N.  C,  April  27,  1780. 
In  1800  she  married  Mr.  .John  Washington,  of 
Kinston,  related  to  Gen.  Geo.  Washington,  and  re- 
moved to  Newbern  in  1831. 

She  was  christened  in  infancy,  her  family  being 
Episcopalians,  but  having  made  a  profession  of 
faith  in  Christ  after  marriage,  she  was  baptized 
into  the  fellowship  of  Southwest  Baptist  church, 
Lenoir  Co.,  where  her  membership  remained  as 
long  as  she  lived.  After  the  death  of  her  linsl)and, 
in  1837,  she  made  her  home  with  her  daughter, 
Mrs.  Gov.  W.  A.  Graham,  a  Baptist,  eminent  for 
her  faith  and  usefulness. 

Mrs.  Washington's  benefactions  were  many,  con- 
sidering her  income,  were  large,  and  extended 
through  the  whole  course  of  her  life.  She  gave 
SIOOO  for  the  erection  of  a  church  at  Newborn, 
i^l(H)  each  to  the  churches  of  Raleigh  and  Clia))el 
Hill,  and  S2000  to  build  the  church  at  Hills- 
borough. She  was  an  ardent  friend  of  ministerial 
education,  and  not  only  contributed  to  the  South- 
ern Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  but  in  addition 
to  other  gifts  to  Wake  Forest  College,  bought  a 
scholarship,  worth  $500,  in  1855.     She  also  aided 


WASHINGTON 


1216 


WATERHOUSE 


several  of  our  most  useful  ministers  with  the  means 
to  prosecute  their  studies  at  college.  She  died  in 
Hillsbarough,  at  the  house  of  Gov.  Graham,  March 
8, 1858,  and  was  buried  by  the  side  of  her  husband 
in  Newbern. 

Washington  Territory  is  the- extreme  north- 
western portion  of  the  United  States  possessions, 
except  Alaska.  It  has  splendid  harbors,  is  rich  in 
forests  and  agricultural  resources,  and  is  fast  be- 
coming peopled  with  enterprising  men.  Colfax, 
Olympia,  Seattle,  and  Walla  Walla  ai-e  rapidly- 
growing  cities.  The  Baptists  in  this  State  are  be- 
ginning to  show  much  strength,  and  are  laying 
foundations  for  a  vigorous  future.  Several  churches 
have  been  organized,  by  its  pioneer  preachers  and 
others,  who  have  come  to  their  aid,  such  as  Revs. 
R.  Weston,  P.  11.  Harper,  W.  E.  M.  James,  J.  P. 
Ludlow,  Hon.  and  Rev.  Judge  Roger  S.  Greene, 
and  J.  L.  Blitch,  D.D.  Two  Associations  and  a 
Convention  are  organized,  and  the  foundation- 
work  for  a  Baptist  school  of  learning  has  been 
laid.  The  Colfax  Academy  and  Business  Institute, 
with  Miss  L.  L.  West  as  principal,  gives  promise 
of  good  service  for  tlie  denomination  in  AVashing- 
ton  Territory. 

Watchman,  The,  a  weekly  religious  paper,  pub- 
lished in  Boston,  was  started,  in  1819,  by  True  & 
Weston,  Mr.  Weston  being  its  first  editor.  The 
original  name  of  the  paper  was  The  Christian 
Watchman,  and  it  was  in-tended  to  be  an  organ  of 
the  Baptist  denomination,  setting  forth  and  vin- 
dicating, in  a  kind.  Christian  spirit,  the  peculiar 
tenets  and  practices  of  the  Baptist  churches  in  this 
country.  Messrs.  True  &  AVeston  did  not  long 
retain  their  connection  with  the  paper,  but  passed 
it  into  the  hands  of  AVilliam  Nichols,  Deacon  James 
Loring  acting  as  its  editor.  Here  it  remained  for 
fifteen  years,  and,  as  an  exponent  of  Baptist  prin- 
ciples and  practices,  it  performed  excellent  service 
for  the  denomination.  On  the  retirement  of  Dea- 
con Loring  from  the  editorial  chair,  Rev.  B.  F. 
Farnsworth  took  charge  of  the  paper  for  a  few 
months,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Ebenezer 
Thresher,  who  was  its  editor  Yor  three  years. 
During  the  next  ten  years^from  1838  to  1848 — 
The  Christian  Walchman  was  under  the  editorial 
management  of  Rev.  AVilliam  Crowell,  whoso  abil- 
ity as  a  writer  was  everywhere  acknowledged. 
Under  his  supervision  the  paper  took  a  high  posi- 
tion among  the  religious  periodicals  of  the  day. 
In  consequence  of  what  by  many  were  regarded  as 
too  conservative  views  on  the  exciting  topics  which 
were  agitating  the  community  during  this  period, 
Mr.  Crowell's  position  was  condemned-,  and  there 
seeming  to  be  a  call  for  the  establishment  of  an- 
other paper,  the  Christian  Reflector  was  started  in 
AVorcestcr,  Mass.,  with  Cyrus  Grosvenor  as  editor, 
and  A\'.  S.  Dannell  as  publisher.     In  IS44  the  new 


paper  was  removed  to  Boston,  and,  under  the  edi- 
torial management  of  Rev.  H.  A.  Graves,  it  was 
not  long  before  its  circulation  exceeded  that  of  The 
Christian  Walchman.  The  health  of  Mr.  Graves 
led  to  his  resignation,  and  the  paper  passed  into 
•the  hands  of  Rev.  J.  AV.  Oimstead.  The  two  papers 
were  united  in  1848,  under  the  editorial  manage- 
ment of  Messrs.  Oimstead  and  Hague.  Mr.  D.  S. 
Ford,  one  of  the  publishers,  soon  came  upon  the 
editorial  staff,  his  specialty  being  the  arrangement 
of  the  outside  of  the  paper,  which,  by  his  enterprise 
and  rare  tact,  was  made  as  attractive  as  the  inside. 
The  general  tone  and  circulation  of  the  paper  con- 
tinued  to  improve  from  year  to  year  until  1867, 
when  it  was  enlarged  to  an  eight-paged  sheet, 
furnishing  to  its  patrons  nearly  double  the  amount 
of  reading  matter,  with  but  a  small  increase  in  its 
price.  Mr.  Ford  retired  from  the  Watchman  and 
Reflector  at  the  close  of  the  year  1867,  and  the  pro- 
prietorship and  editorial  management  were  in  the 
hands  of  Dr.  Oimstead.  The  Christian  Era,  which 
commenced  its  existence  in  Lowell,  Mass.,  in  1852, 
to  meet  the  demand  for  a  more  thoroughly  out- 
sjioken  anti-slavery  paper,  after  passing  through  a 
successful  career,  chiefly  under  the  management 
of  its  editor,  Rev.  Dr.  AV^ebster,  was  merged  into 
what,  under  the  present  arrangement,  is  called 
'The  Watchman,  at  the  close  of  1875.  The  editors 
of  The  Watchman  were  Drs.  Oimstead,  Lorimer, 
and  Johnson  during  the  year  1876.  Rev.  L.  E. 
Smith,  D.D.,  for  a  long  time  connected  with  the 
Examiner,  oi  ^ew  York,  took  the  editorial  chair  at 
the  beginning  of  1877.  The  circulation  of  the  paper 
in  1878  was  a  little  under  20,000,  and  was  con- 
stantly increasing.  Its  growth  has  been  extraor- 
dinary. The  Christian  Watchman,  insignificant 
in  size,  has  expanded  to  a  sheet  49  inches  by  33, 
nearly  eight  times  as  large  as  at  its  birth.  The 
expense  of  a  single  paper  for  original  matter  has 
been  often  larger  than  the  former  outlay  for  an 
entire  year.  It  cannot  be  doubted  that  a  prosper- 
ous future  is  before  it. 

Waterhouse,  E,ev.  Charles  W.,  was  born  in 
Ridgelield,  Conn.,  Sept.  16.  1811;  was  graduated 
at  Madison  University  in  1839,  and  from  the  semi- 
nary at  Hamilton  in  1841.  In  1852  he  was  en- 
gaged in  building  up  an  interest  of  the  city  mis- 
sion in  Newark.  lie  has  been  pastor  of  sever.al 
churches,  and  has  taught  much,  especially  the 
classics.  Though  in  feeble  health,  he  preaches 
occasionally,  and  is  a  prominent  member  in  the 
church  at  Lakewood,  N.  J.,  where  he  resides.  He 
has  been  a  close  student  of  the  original  languages 
of  the  Bible ;  was  engaged  in  translation  service 
for  the  Bible  Union,  and  has  been  for  years  at 
work  upon  a  critical  revision  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment, accompanied  with  ]ihilological  notes.  He  is 
particularly  methodical  in  his  studies,  remarkably 


WATERS 


1217 


WATTS 


correct  in  Iiis  translations,  an  excellent  IJible-class 
teacher,  and  a  fre((iient  contributor  to  the  relij;ious 
press. 

Waters,  Rev.  James,  pastor  of  the  Edj^efielJ 
Baptist  cliuruh  since  Juno,  1879,  was  born  at 
AV'aterstown,  Wilson  Co.,  Tenn., — a  son  of  W.  T. 
AV'aters,  a  leadinj;  citizen  of  that  part  of  the  State. 
He  was  educated  at  Union  University,  Murfrees- 
Ijorough,  Tenn.,  when;  ho  graduated  witii  the  high- 
est honors  in  1858.  The  year  previous  he  united 
with  the  Baptist  church  at  Murfreesborough,  and 
at  once  began  the  study  of  theology.  After  grad- 
uating he  took  charge  of  the  chnrch  in  his  native 
place,  and  preached  there  and  in  adjacent  communi- 
ties until  1.SC2,  when  he  removed  to  Pennsylvania, 
Avhere  he  spent  three  years  as  teacher,  principally 
in  Meadville  and  in  the  Lewisburg  University. 
In  186G  be  resumed  the  work  of  the  ministrj', 
serving  churches  in  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  Mount 
Holly,  N.  J.,  and  Wilmington,  Del.,  until  1873, 
when  he  was  chosen  by  the  American  Baptist  Pub- 
lication Society  as  district  secretary  in  New  York 
City  and  vicinity.  This  position  he  held  success- 
fully until  the  fall  of  1870,  when  he  retired  to 
devote  a  .season  to  the  study  of  law,  in  New  York 
City,  to  which  he  had  given  some  attention  during 
his  secretaryship.  He  graduated  at  Columbia  Col- 
lege in  the  law  department.  Meantime  he  served 
the  church  at  Pa.ssaic,  N.  .J.,  as  pastor  until  the 
spring  of  1879,  when  he  settled  at  Edgefield,  Tenn. 
The  average  increase  in  churches  he  has  served 
has  been  about  twenty-five  per  annum,  and  these 
arc  distributed  over  the  year.  He  prepares  his 
sermons  with  care,  and  speaks  with  or  without 
notes  with  equal  ease.  He  has  written  consider- 
ablj'  for  the  Relupoiis  Herald  over  the  iioui  de 
plume  of  "  Tyro,"  for  the  National  BaplM  as 
••  .Sajem,'"  and  has  published  occasional  sermons. 
He  is  a  son-in-law  of  Dr.  •!.  M.  Pendleton. 

Watkinson,  Rev.  WiUiam  E.,  was  ))orn  at 

Pemberton,  N.  J.,  June  30,  1821  ;  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  George  B.  Ide,  and  joined  the  First  Baptist 
church,  Philadelphia,  in  1841.  He  was  licensed  to 
preach,  in  1S.')1>,  Ijy  tiie  First  Baptist  church  of 
Chicago.  111.,  entering  the  ministry  directly  from 
mercantile  life.  He  was  owlained  at  Manayunk, 
Philadelphia,  ^larch  24,  1854;  has  been  pastor  at 
IManayunk,  West  Chester,  Nicetown,  Pa.,  Hamil- 
ton Square  and  Kingwood,  N.  .J.  The  present 
pastorate  at  Kingwood  began  April  1,  187f).  He 
has  baptized  a  large  number,  several  of  whom  have 
entered  the  ministry,  and  he  has  taught  a  Bil>le- 
class  for  more  than  thirty-seven  years.  He  is  a 
brother  of  the  Rev.  M.  R.  W^atkinson,  a  minister 
of  unusual  talents,  who  was  greatly  blessed  in  his 
lal)ors  both  in  the  North  and  in  the  South,  who 
died  a  few  years  ago  lamented  by  large  numbers 
who  knew  his  great  worth  and  deep  piety. 


Watson,  James  Madison,  a  deacon  of  the 

Central  Baptist  church.  Elizabeth,  N.  J.,  was  born 
in  Central  New  York,  and  is  a  well-known  author 
and  teacher.  His  series  of  works  on  elocution  has 
been  widely  circulated,  and  his  improved  reading 
books  are  much  used.  Mr.  Watson  is  a  ready 
worker  in  the  church  as  well  as  in  the  cause  of 
secular  education. 

Watson,  Rev.  Jonathan,  was  bom  at  Mont- 
rose, Scotland,  in  1794.  He  studied  medicine  and 
practised  his  profession  in  liis  native  place.  He 
began  his  ministry  in  early  life,  his  first  pastoral 
charge  being  at  Dundee,  whence  he  removed  after 
a  brief  residence  to  Cupar,  Fife.  In  both  places  he 
continued  the  practice  of  his  profession.  During 
his  residence  at  Cupar  he  was  greatly  l)lessed  in 
his  ministry,  the  Baptist  church  there  having  been 
founded  by  him  in  181G.  In  1842  he  removed  to 
Edinburgh  to  become  the  colleague  of  Dr.  Innes, 
minister  of  the  Elder  Street  Baptist  church.  After 
Dr.  Innes's  death  Mr.  Watson  becaine  sole  pastor. 
A  new  edifice  was  erected  in  1858.  In  1868  the 
church  associated  with  him  the  Rev.  Samuel  New- 
man as  co-pastor,  a  relationship  which  continued 
until  his  death,  Oct.  19,  1878,  at  the  ripe  age  of 
eighty-four.  Mr.  Watson  filled  for  many  years  a 
leading  position  in  evangelical  circles  in  Edin- 
burgh, and  associated  his  name  with  many  impor- 
tant public  questions.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  Medical  Missionary  Society.  In  his  old  age 
he  published  a  volume  entitled  "  Preparing  for 
Home,"  which  hail  a  wide  circulation,  and  went 
through  several  editions.  At  the  time  of  his  death 
he  was  supposed  to  be  the  oldest  of  Scottish  minis- 
ters, having  been  in  the  ministry  for  tlie  long  pe- 
riod of  sixty-four  years.  He  took  a  warm  interest 
in  the  work  of  the  Baptist  Missionary  Society,  and 
was  chosen  one  of  the  honorary  members  of  the 
committee  when  age  dis.abled  him  from  active  ser- 
vice. 

Watson,  Deacon  W.  W.,  who  died  at  Spring- 
field, 111.,  in  November,  1874,  in  the  eighty-first 
year  of  his  age,  was  born  at  Moorestown,  N.  J., 
April  1,  1794.  In  1815  he  removed  to  Lexington, 
Ky.,  in  1817  to  Nashville,  Tenn.,  and  iti  183G  to 
Illinois.  He  was  closely  identified  with  denomi- 
national movements  in  the  State,  especially  as  con- 
nected with  missions  ;  having  been  one  of  those  by 
whom  the  General  Association  was  organized. 

Watts,  Rev.  James  Molison,  was  born  in 
Guilford  Co.,  N.  C,  iMarch  22,  1817.  In  his  early 
childhood  his  parents  removed  to  Georgia,  and  in 
August,  1834,  he  professed  faith  in  Christ,  and 
united  with  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Columbus. 
He  took  an  active  part  in  all  Christian  work,  and 
was  clerk  of  his  Association.  Subsequently  he  re- 
moved to  Alabama,  where  he  was  ordained  May 
26,  1843.     During  the  years  18.54  and  1855  he  was 


WATTS 


]21S 


WAUGH 


associated  with  Dr.  Samuel  Henderson  in  the  edi- 
torship of  the  Southwestern  Baptist,  at  Tuskegee, 
Ala.,  in  which  position  he  won  considerable  repu- 
tation as  a  clear  and  forcible  writer.  Afterwards 
lie  returned  to  Georgia,  and  resided  in  Cohim})us. 
where  he  died  of  consumption  Feb.  2,  1S66.  Ilis 
last  words  wore,  "  All  is  well." 

Watts,  Rev.  John,  was  bom  Nov.  3,  1661,  at 
Lydd,  County  of  Kent,  England,  and  came  to 
America  about  1686.  He  was  baptized  at  Lower 
Dublin,  Nov.  21,  1687,  and  he  succeeded  Elias 
Keach  as  pastor  of  the  Lower  Dul)lin  church  in 
1691.  He  held  this  office  until  Aug.  27,  1702,  when 
he  died  of  smallpox.  Mr.Watts  was  well  acquainted 
with  divinity,  and  his  general  learning  was  re- 
spectable ;  he  was  also  an  author  of  no  mean 
ability. 

Watts,  Gov.  Thomas  Hill,  was  born  in  Butler 
Co.,  Ala.,  Jan.  3,  1819.     Graduated  from  the  Uni- 


GOV.  THOMAS    HILL    wXtTS. 

versity  of  Virginia  in  1840.  In  1841  began  the 
practice  of  law  at  Greenville  in  his  native  county, 
and  soon  acquired  a  profitable  business.  In  1842 
he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  ;  was  returned  in 
1844  and  in  1845.  In  1847  he  removed  to  the  city 
of  Montgomery,  and  has  resided  there  ever  since, 
pursuing  mainly  the  practice  of  law.  In  1849  he 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature  from  Montgomery 
County';  in  1853  to  the  State  senate.  In  1861, 
■with  the  Hon.  William  L.  Yancey,  he  represented 
Montgomery  County  in  the  secession  convention. 
The  same  year,  as  colonel  of  the  17th  Alabama  Regi- 
ment, he  went  to  the  seat  of  war,  where  he  re- 


mained until  April  9,  1862,  when  he  was  chosen 
by  President  Davis  to  the  position  of  attorney- 
general  in  his  cabinet ;  remained  there  until  elected 
governor  of  Alabama,  in  1863.  a  position  which 
he  held  until  the  fortunes  of  war  destroyed  tire 
Confederate  cause.  Since  that  time  he  has  prac- 
tised law  in  ]Montgomery,  standing  among  the 
most  eminent  in  tiiat  profession  in  Alabama. 

In  1846,  in  Greenville,  he  was  baptized  by  Rev. 
David  Lee.  Since  his  removal  to  Montgomery  he 
lias  occupied  a  most  prominent  position  in  the  mem- 
bership of  the  First  Baptist  church,  lias  often 
given  liberally  to  the  enterprises  of  the  denomina-. 
tion  at  large  as  well  as  in  his  own  city.  He  is  a 
strict  temperance  man.  Before  the  war  Gov.  Watts 
had  acquired  a  large  fortune,  but  that  unhappy 
struggle  stripped  him  of  all.  He  often  expresses 
it  as  his  chief  regret  that  his  changed  circun)stances 
deprive  him  of  the  ability  to  give  as  he  once  could 
to  religion,  education,  and  the  general  public  weal. 
With  cheerful  heart,  pleasant  face,  and  kind  words 
he  prosecutes  the  arduous  duties  of  his  profes- 
sion, maintaining  his  house  on  a*  liberal  basis, 
and  giving  generously  to  objects  of  benevolence. 
Alabama  has  not  a  more  distinguished  citizen. 

Waugh,  Rev.  C.  V.,  is  a  native  of  Virginia, 
and  was  born  at  ^Manchester,  in  that  State,  in 
1849.  Ilis  grandfather  came  from  Ireland.  His 
parents  are  yet  living,  but  advaiiced  in  years. 
Tliey  set  their  hearts  upon  educating  him  for  a  phy- 
sician, but  the  late  war  "frustrated  their  plans,  and 
this  was  providential,  for  God  designed  him  for 
another  work. 

He  was  converted  in  1865,  and  was  baptized  by 
Dr.  W.  E.  Hatcher  at  Manchester,  in  February, 
1866.  He  came  up  from  his  baptismal  grave  ask- 
ing, "Lord,  what  wilt  thou  have  me  to  do?"  and 
was  at  once  impressed-  that  it  was  his  duty  to 
preach,  and  this  conviction  grew  upon  him  until 
he  yielded  to  God's  call. 

The  church  at  Manchester  decided  that  he  should 
go  to  Richmond  College.  He  entered  it  and  grad- 
uated. During  his  course  he  was  awarded  a  gold 
medal  for  being  the  best  speaker  in  his  society, — 
Philologian. 

Leaving  college  with  health  impaired,  he  went 
to  Hillsborough,  Albemarle  Co.,  taught  school,  and 
preached  successfully.  At  this  place,  March  9, 
1873,  he  was  ordained  by  J.  E.  Massie,  S.  P.  Ilufl', 
P.  Cleaveland,  and  J.  C.  Long.  He  resigned  his 
ciiurch  in  1874,  and  in  October  of  that  year  en- 
tered the  theological  seminary,  desiring  to  take 
a  full  course,  but  on  account  of  declining  health 
pursued  the  pastor's  course  only,  and  in  1875  en- 
tered the  pastorate  at  Modest  Town,  Va.,  to  which 
he  h.ad  been  invited  before  entering  the  seminary. 

Here  he  labored  until  he  was  providentially  di- 
rected to  Gainesville,  Fla.,  from  which  a  call  was 


WAUKESHA 


1219 


WAYLAND 


extended  to  him,  and  at  the  same  time  he  was  ad- 
vised by  liis  physician  to  go  South.  He  accepted 
the  invitation  to  become  the  pastor  of  (jiainesviile 
church,  and  came  to  the  State  in  1876.  During  his 
pastorate  the  churcii  has  been  much  strengthened, 
the  liouse  of  worship  enlarged,  a  baptistery  put  in, 
and  other  improvements  liave  been  made.  Besides 
his  work  in  Gainesville,  he  has  visited  other  im- 
portant points  and  assisted  successfully  in  pro- 
tracted meetings. 

Mr.  Waugh  is  industrious  and  enthusiastic  in 
his  undertakings.  lie  is  a  vigorous  thinker  and  a 
good  sermonizer.  lie  has  been  clerk  of  his  Asso- 
ciation and  of  the  State  Convention,  and  he  has 
been  president  of  the  Alachua  County  Bible 
Society. 

Waukesha,  Wis.,  in  its  early  history  was 
simply  Prairicville,  a  neat  rural  village,  set  in  the 
midst  of  a  beautiful  farming  country.  But  Prairic- 
ville was  exchanged  for  the  Indian  name  which 
it  now  bears.  It  is  worthy  to  be  noticed  in  Bap- 
tist history,  because  here  the  second  Baptist  church 
organized  in  the  State  was  founded,  and  here  Dr. 
Robert  Boyd,  of  sainted  memory,  had  his  home 
for  many  years ;  here  he  {)repared  on  his  conch 
of  suffering  the  books  which  have  comforted  so 
many  believers  and  led  so  many  sinners  to  Christ. 
Here,  too,  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century 
has  been  the  home  of  Dr.  A.  Kendrick,  father 
of  President  Kendrick,  of  Shurtleff  College.  In 
recent  years  it  has  become  famous  through  its 
Bethesda  Springs  as  a  summer  resort,  and  the 
place  overflows  in  the  summer  season  with  visitors. 
Waul,  Gen.  Thomas  N.,  stands  in  the  front 
rank  among  the  leading  men  of  Texas,  and  without 
a  superior  as  a  lawyer  at  the  Galveston  bar.  He 
was  born  in  Sumter  District,  S.  C,  Jan.  8,  1815. 
His  education  was  received  in  South  Carolina,  from 
whose  State  institution.  South  Carolina  College,  he 
graduated.  He  studied  law  in  Vicksburg,  Miss., 
with  Hon.  Sergeant  S.  Prentiss,  the  distinguished 
political  orator  and  lawyer.  He  commenced  the 
practice  of  law  in  July,  1835,  when  twenty  years 
of  age.  He  early  distinguished  himself  in  Missis- 
sippi, and  when  chosen  judge  of  the  Circuit  Court 
exhibited  signal  ability.  He  was  a  prominent 
member  of  the  first  Confederate  Congress  from  the 
State  of  Texas.  He  was  a  general  in  the  Confed- 
erate army,  having  raised  the  command  well  known 
as  "  Waul's  Legion.''  His  career  as  a  soldier  was 
marked  by  eminent  skill  and  gallantry.  He  re- 
ceived a  severe  wound  in  a  Louisiana  engagement. 
He  professed  religion  at  Grenada,  Miss.,  in  1846, 
and  Was  baptized  by  Rev.  E.  C.  Eager.  He  iden- 
tified himself  with  the  cause  of  Christ,  taking  a 
deep  interest  in  the  promotion  of  measures  for  ad- 
vancing education  and  home  and  foreign  missions. 
He  served   most  acceptably  as  moderator  of  the 


Yalobusha  Association,  Miss.,  and  from  May.  1855, 
to  November,  1859,  was  elected  president  annually 
of  the  Mississippi  Baptist  State  Convention,  and 
served  with  rare  parliamentary  tact.  The  ^lissis- 
sippi  Convention  then  embraced  important  places 
in  Louisiana,  especially  New  Orleans.  He  is  now 
a  member  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Galveston, 
under  the  care  of  Rev.  Wm.  Howard,  D.D.,  and 
besides  discharging  his  church  duties  and  attending 
to  a  large  legal  practice,  gives  much  attention  to 
the  cause  of  public  education. 

Wayland  Academy. — Early  educational  move- 
ments in  Wisconsin  Tesulted  in  the  establislmient 
of  Wayland  Academy,  at  Beaver  Dam,  fcir  j'oung 
men,  and  the  Baptist  Female  College,  at  Fox  Lake, 
for  young  women  ;  the  former  in  1854  and  the  lat- 
ter in"  1855.  At  Beaver  Dam  a  college  building 
was  erected  at  a  cost  of  S20,00(>,  the  corner-stone 
of  which  was  laid  July  4,  1855.  At  Fox  Lake  a 
college  building  was  reared  at  a  cost  of  $10,000. 
The  preparatory  department  of  the  college  at  Beaver 
Dam  was  opened  Sept.  19,  1855,  with  Benjamin 
Newall,  A.B.,  as  principal,  and  Rev.  H.  I.  Parker, 
who  had  recently  entered  the  State  from  New  Eng- 
land, as  financial  agent.  Forty  students  were  en- 
tered the  first  term.  The  Female  College  at  Fox 
Lake  was  opened  the  second  Wednesday  in  October, 
and  continued  through  the  year  with  Miss  Scriburt 
as  principal,  Mrs.  Phebe  Thompson,  associate  prin- 
cipal, and  fifty- eight  students  in  attendance.  In 
1858,  three  years  after  the  opening,  the  board  of 
instruction  at  AVayland  was  Allen  S.  Hutchens, 
chairman  of  the  faculty,  and  Professor  of  the  Greek 
and  Latin  Languages  ;  Benjamin  Newall,  Professor 
of  Mathematics ;  Charles  Hutchens,  Tutor ;  and 
H.  B.  Moore,  Principal  of  the  Academic  Depart- 
ment. Eighty-five  students  were  enrolled.  The 
teachers  at  the  Female  College  at  Fox  Lake  were 
the  same  as  at  the  opening,  and  115  pupils  were  in 
attendance.  About  §30,000  had  been  expended  in 
buildings  and  college  appointments.  It  is  doubtful 
whether  the  Baptist  denomination  in  any  State 
ever  laid  better  foundations  for  Christian  education 
at  greater  sacrifices  than  the  Baptists  of  Wisconsin 
in  the  founding  and  establishment  of  these  Chris- 
tian institutions  of  learning.  Of  subsequent  sad 
trials  and  crushing  disappointments  it  is  not  neces- 
sary here  to  speak.  They  were  organized  and  con- 
ducted through  their  early  triumphs  and  defeats  by 
as  devoted  and  self-denying  a  company  of  men  as 
ever  toiled  and  prayed  in  the  ranks  of  the  Baptist 
ministry  in  America,  and  carried  on  through  their 
trials  and  embarrassments  by  as  brave  a  band  of 
teachers  as  ever  gathered  and  taught  classes.  Many 
of  these  noble  men  are  still  doing  service  on  earth, 
but  some  are  now  in  glory.  Fish,  De  Laney.  I'n- 
dcrwood,  Hutchens,  and  Newall  among  the  living, 
and   Bright   and  Whitman  among   the  dead,  have 


WA  YLAND 


1220 


WA  VLAXD 


left,  in  the  founding  of  these  institutions,  their 
noblest  work. 

Wayland  Academy,  in  its  present  position,  is 
doing,  and  is  destined  to  perforin,  a  splendid  work 
for  the  Baptists  of  Wisconsin.  It  is  moving  to  the 
front  rank  of  well-endowed  acadeniies,  wliere  the 
best  preparation  is  given  for  the  college  and.  the 
university  and  all  the  needs  of  practical  life.  It 
has  an  able  and  thoroughly  qualified  corps  of  in- 
structors, and  generous  hearts  have  made  ample 
provision  by  will  for  its  future,  and  though  strug- 
gling for  want  of  present  resources,  its  prospects 
are  full  of  promise  and  hope.  The  institution  has 
now  (1880)  a  faculty  of  six  instructors: 

Rev.  N.  E.  AVood,  M.A.,  Principal  •  John  Suth- 
erland, B.A.,  Professor  of  Latin  ;  Mrs.  Alice  Boise 
Wood,  M.A.,  Professor  of  Greek  and  Modern  Lan- 
guages ;  Miss  M.  A.  Cuckow,  Mathematics ;  Miss 
Linnie  Aiken,  Drawing  and  Painting ;  Miss  Eliza- 
beth J.  Laning,  A'^ocal  and  Instrumental  Music. 

It  has  property  valued  at  $30,000.  It  has  a  pay- 
ing endowment  of  $12,000.  It  has  no  debts.  It 
has  a  library  of  1800  volumes.  It  never  had  more 
intelligent  friends.  Although  it  has  hitherto  con- 
fined itself  to  simple  academic  work,  it  is  contem- 
plated in  the  near  future  to' vindicate  the  purposes 
and  hopes  of  its  founders  by  taking  the  position 
for  which  it  was  chartered,  and  introduce  the  full 
college  course. 

"Wayland,  Rev.  Francis,  was  born  in  Frome, 

Somersetshire,  England,  in  1772.  In  1793  he 
sailed  for  New  York,  where  he-  landed  September 
30.  He  immediately  established  himself  in  busi- 
ness in  New  York  City,  where  both  he  and  Mrs. 
Wayland  became  members  of  the  Oliver  Street  Bap- 
tist church,  then  known  as  Fayette  Street,  after- 
wards under  the  ministry  of  llev.  John  Williams. 
By  this  church  Mr.  Wayland  was  licensed  to 
preach  the  gospel  in  1805,  and  in  1807  he  was  or- 
dained as  pastor  of  the  church  in  Poughkeepsie. 
He  afterwards  was  settled  ,at  Albany  and  Troy, 
N.  Y.,  and  in  1819  he  became  pastor  in  Saratoga 
Springs.  The  church  met  in  a  small  building, 
nearly  two  miles  from  the  village,' at  what  is  now 
known  as  Geyserville,  with  occasional  services  in 
a  school-house  in  the  village.  Mr.  Wayland  soon 
secured  funds  for  a  new  church  in  the  village, 
which  was  erected  in  1821  on  the  site  now  occu- 
pied by  a  larger  edifice.  In  1823,  Mr.  Wayland 
resigned,  and  though  afterwai'ds  repeatedly  invited 
to  other  pastorates,  he  declined  any  settlement. 
He  continued  to  reside  at  Saratoga  Springs;  was 
much  called  upon  in  councils,  where  his  judgment 
was  highly  valued,  and  to  supply  feeble  and  desti- 
tute churches,  which  he  did  gratuitously  and  cheer- 
fully. The  sick  and  the  sorrowful  of  all  creeds 
were  his  charge.  He  is  still  held  in  honoi-ed  mem- 
ory.    He  was  early  convinced  of  the  dangers  of 


the  drinking  usages  which  prevailed,  and  he  was 
among  the  first  promoters  of  the  temperance  move- 
ment. He  maintained  that  the  church  of  Christ 
was  the  great  temperance  society,  and  that  all 
efforts  could  be  permanently  successful  only  as  the 
reform  is  leased  on  Cliristian  principle.  He  was  a 
man  of  strong  sense,  practical  wisdom,  unflinching 
rectitude,  and  positive  ideas.  His  religious  char- 
acter was  consistent  and  equable.  He  was  pre- 
eminently a  man  of  prayer  and  faith.  Truth  and 
godl}^  sincerity  characterized  his  intercourse  with 
men.  He  was  English  in  character  and  manners, 
but  an  honest  lover  of  republican  institutions.  • 
In  social  life  he  was  genial  and  courteous.  As  a 
preacher,  he  was  earnest  and  practical.  Having  a 
deep  personal  experience  of  divine  tilings,  he  spoke 
to  the  heart  and  conscience.  He  died  at  Saratoga 
Springs,  April  9,  18-49,  after  a  short  illness.  Up 
to  his  last  sickness  he  was  full  of  activity,  abating 
nothing  of  his  interest  in  religious  or  social  duties. 
It  was  a  wish  often  expressed  by  him  that  he 
might  not  "  rust  out,"  and  the  Lord  was  mindful 
of  this  desire  of  his  servant. 

Wayland,  President  Francis,  was  bom  in 
New  York  City,  March  11,  1796.    His  parents  (who 


PRESIDENT  FRANCIS  WAYLAND. 

were  natives  of  England)  were  characterized  by 
great  integrity,  industry,  robust  sense,  earnest 
moral  convictions,  and  an  almost  passionate  love 
of  civil  and  religious  liljcrty.  The  father,  Francis 
Wayland,  Sr.,  at  the  age  of  thirty-five,  gave  up  the 
business  of  a  currier  and  devoted  himself  to  the 
gospel  ministry,   laboring  as  pastor  of  the    Bap- 


WAYLAND 


1221 


WA  YLAND 


tist  churches  in  Poughkct'psie,  Troy,  Albany,  and 
Saratoga  Springs. 

The  son,  while  showing  no  marks  of  precocity, 
was  manly,  faithful,  and  industrious.  The  schools 
of  that  day  seem  to  have  been  nearly  worthless. 
The  memory  alone  was  exercised,  and  the  only 
motive  employed  was  fear  of  punishment.  Of 
one  of  his  early  schools  he  wrote,  late  in  life, 
"  The  only  pleasure  I  have  in  remembering  this 
school  is  derived  from  the  belief  that  boys  of  the 
present  day  are  not  exposed  to  such  miserable  in- 
struction." lie  adds,  "  Perhaps  my  ex])erience 
was  not  altogether  lost ;  it  has  at  least  Kerved  to 
impress  me  with  the  importance  of  doing  every- 
thing in  my  power  to  bring  whatever  I  attempted 
to  teach  within  the  understanding  of  the  learner." 
When  he  was  eleven  years  old  he  came  under  the 
instruction  of  Mr.  Daniel  II.  Barnes,  and  for  the 
first  time  he  found  himself  in  the  presence  of  a 
real  teacher. 

At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  graduated  at  Union 
College,  then  under  the  presidency  of  Dr.  Nott, 
and  at  once  began  the  study  of  medicine,  which  he 
completed  three  years  later.  During  the  last  year 
of  his  medical  studies  he  became  a  Christian  and 
united  with  the  Baptist  Church.  Feeling  that  ho 
was  called  to  the  ministry,  he  entered,  in  the  fall 
of  181G,  the  Andover  Theological  Seminary.  Here 
he  was  chiefly  under  the  instruction  of  Prof.  Moses 
Stuart,  for  whom  he  always  cherished  a  grateful 
and  reverent  affection.  At  the  end  of  a  year  he 
left  the  seminary  to  become  a  tutor  in  Union  Col- 
lege. It  is  probable  that  nothing  could  have  been 
a  better  preparation  for  the  life  which  Providence 
had  assigned  him  than  this  position.  The  four 
years  which  he  spent  in  teaching  the  various  col- 
lege studies  and  in  learning  sermon-making  from 
the  wise  and  eloquent  Dr.  Nott,  he  always  regarded 
as  of  inestimable  value. 

In  1821  he  was  called  to  be  the  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Boston.  Here,  notwith- 
standing the  drawbacks  of  a  weak  church  and  an 
unattractive  delivery,  he  became  recognized  as  a 
man  of  great  moral  force,  of  almost  unerring  sa- 
gacity, of  progressive  spirit,  as  a  master  of  thought 
and  expression,  and  a  leader  in  action.  Ilis  ser- 
mon on  "The  Moral  Dignity  of  the  Missionary 
Enterprise,"  in  1823,  and  that  on  "  The  Duties  of 
an  American  Citizen,"  in  1825,  were  but  the  ex- 
pression of  powers  matured  by  silent  study. 

In  1826  he  accepted  a  professorship  in  Union 
College,  though  he  did  not  intend  permanently  to 
leave  the  pastorate.  A  few  months  later  he  was 
called'to  the  presidency  of  Brown  University,  and 
in  February,  1827,  he  entered  upon  what  was  to  be 
the  great  work  of  his  life. 

The  college  was  at  a  very  low  ebb  in  funds,  in 
discipline  and  scholarship,  in   library,  apparatus. 


and  \\\  all  of  the  appliances  of  education.  Tlie  new 
president  entered  on  his  work  with  a  higli  ideal  and 
with  a  resolute  determination  to  make  the  college 
the  best  possible.  The  lecture-room  became  a 
place  of  eager  inquiry  and  discussion.  lie  aimed 
not  alone  to  explain  and  establish  his  views  of  the 
truth,  but  above  all  to  lead  his  pu[>ils  to  exercise 
their  own  powers.  An  eminent  graduate  once  said. 
"  Six  words  that  he  said  to  the  class  were  worth  more 
to  me  than  all  the  words  I  ever  heard  beside, — 
'Young  gentlemen,  cherish  your  own  conceptions.'"' 

The  late  Hon.  B.  F.  Thomas,  LL.D.,  one  of  the 
judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Massachusetts, 
expressed  the  sentiment  of  many  pupils  when  he 
said,  in  1855,  "  A  quarter  of  a  century  has  passed 
since  I  left  these  walls  with  your  blessing.  I  have 
seen  something  of  men  and  of  the  world  since.  1 
esteem  it  to-day  the  happiest  event  of  my  life  that 
brought  me  here,  the  best  gift  of  an  ever-kind 
Providence  to  me  that  I  was  permitted  for  three 
years  to  sit  at  the  feet  of  your  instruction."  Feel- 
ing dissatisfied  with  the  old  text- books,  he  prepared 
lectures  on  all  the  subjects  which  he  taught.  It 
l)(!canie  remarked  at  the  bar  and  in  the  pulj)it  that 
a  graduate  of  Brown  University  might  be  known 
by  his  closeness  of  reasoning  and  his  power  of  anal- 
ysis. The  enthusiasm  created  within  the  college 
spread  through  the  community,  and  led  to  the  en- 
largement of  all  the  means  of  instruction. 

But  the  impression  deepened  in  the  mind  of  the 
president  that  the  college  was  fulfilling  but  a  part 
of  its  mission.  It  was  giving  a  disproportioruite 
amount  of  attention  to  the  classics  and  to  mathe- 
matics ;  it  was  confining  its  blessings  almost  ex- 
clusively to  candidates  for  the  ]irof'essions ;  it  was 
ignoring  the  progress  of  luunan  thought  and  knowl- 
edge and  the  demands  of  the  productive  profes- 
sions, as  Avell  as  the  boundless  diversity  of  charac- 
ter and  aim  on  the  part  of  students.  These  views, 
slowly  maturing,  led  to  a  reorganization  of  the 
university  in  1850.  Place  was  given  to  the  more 
modern  studies,  larger  liberty  of  election  was  al- 
lowed, and  the  wants  of  the  industrial  and  produc- 
tive classes  were  especially  regarded.  The  results 
within  the  university  attested  the  wisdom  of  the 
changes,  and  the  progress  made  in  college  educa- 
tion in  America  during  the  past  thirty  years  has 
all  been  along  the  path  in  which  he  led  the  way. 
During  all  these  years  the  moral  and  religious  good 
of  the  students  was  the  object  of  his  untiring  so- 
licitude. He  preached  in  the  chapel  weekly  ser- 
mons prepared  expressly  for  the  students.  He 
often  attended  the  students'  prayer-meetings  ;  he 
counseled  and  prayed  with  them  in  private  ;  he 
especially  welcomed  and  nourished  every  revival 
inlhience.  Not  a  few  of  his  pupils,  rescued  from 
worldliness  and  unbelief,  were  led  to  lives  of  high 
devotion  and  benevolence. 


WA  YLAND 


1222 


WAY  LAND 


In  1855,  after  more  than  twenty-eight  years  of 
untiring  hibor  in  the  presidency,  he  resigned,  feel- 
ing imperatively  the  need  of  rest,  and  unwilling  to 
hold  a  position  of  which  he  was  niDt  in  the  fullest 
sense  discharging  the  duties.  A  year  later,  under 
the  most  profound  sense  of  duty,  he' served  as  pas- 
tor of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Pi'ovidence,and 
continued  for  a  year  and  a  half  labors  which  were 
more  taxing  to  him  than  his  labors  in  the  presi- 
dency had  been. 

The  remainder  of  his  life  was  devoted  to  such 
religious  and  humane  labor  as  his  strength  permit- 
ted. He  bestowed  much  time  and  care  upon  the 
inmates  of  the  State  Prison  and  the  Reform  School. 
His  only  recreation  was  the  care  of  his  garden. 
Preserving  the  clearness  of  his  mind,  and  his  sym- 
pathy for  his  fellow-men,  he  continued  until  Sept. 
30,  1865,  when  he  died  from  an  attack  of  paralysis. 

His  labors  in  authorship  were  abundant;  he 
published  eighteen  volumes,  among  which  were  the 
"Moral  Science,"  "Political  Economy, 'j  "Intel- 
lectual Philosophy,"  two  volumes  of  sermons, 
"  Life  of  Judson,"  "  Domestic  Slavery  considered 
as  a  Scriptural  Institution,"  etc.  He  also  pub- 
lished about  fifty  sermons,  addresses,  etc.  The 
"Moral  Science"  has  had  a  circulation  of  150,000, 
and  has  been  reprinted  in  England  and  Scotland, 
and  translated  into  Armenian,  Modern  Greek, 
Hawaiian,  and  Nestorian. 

As  a  preacher,  he  was  in  his  earlier  years  some- 
what elaborate,  highly  wrought,  and  rhetorical. 
With  the  advance  of  tiiue,  his  style  became  exceed- 
ingly simple  and  direct,  sacrificing  everything  to 
clearness,  pungency,  and  force.  Ilis  conception 
for  the  moment  of  religious'  realities  was  intense 
beyond  expression.  His  most  marked  intellectual 
characteristics  were  his  love  of  truth  and  his  clear- 
ness of  conception  and  expression.  His  love  of 
liberty  for  himself  and  for  others  was  broad  and 
eager.  His  hopes  for  human  advancement  were 
unresting.  His  own  words.,  once  uttered  in  pri- 
vate conversation,  "  I  go  for  the  human  race,"  ex- 
pressed the  spirit  of  his  life.  The  trait  which 
towered  above  all  else  was  his  profound  and  un- 
wavering devotion  to  duty.  In  the  just  and 
striking  words  of  his  pupil  and  successor,  President 
E.  G.  Robinson,  "  To  him,  ought  and  oitght  not  were 
the  most  potent  words  that  could  be  spoken." 

He  held  intelligently,  firmly,  and  conscien- 
tiously the  doctrines  of  evangelical  Christianity 
and  the  distinguishing  principles  of  the  Baptist 
denomination.  But  he  rejoiced  to  lal)or,  wherever 
it  was  possible,  with  his  brethren  of  other  Christian 
bodies,  in  promotion  of  the  interests  of  religion 
and  humanity.  Dr.  "Wayland  was  one  of  the  great- 
est men  to  whom  our  country  has  given  birth. 

He  was  twice  married  ;  his  second  wife  survived 
him  seven  years.     Three  sons  survived  him,  one 


of  whom  has  since  died.  A  memoir  of  his  "  Life 
and  Labors"  (2  '\'ols.)  was  prepared  by  his  sons, 
Francis  and  II.  L.  Wuyland. 

Wayland,  Francis,  LL.D.,  son  of  Francis  and 
Lucy  Wayland,  was  born  in  Boston,  Aug.  23, 1826, 


FRANCIS    WAi'LAND.  LL.D. 

and  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  1846.  After 
studying  at  the  Harvard  Law-School  and  in  the 
office  of  Ashmun  &  Chapman  (Springfield.  Mass.), 
he  commenced  the  practice  of  law  in  Worcester, 
Mass.,  in  1850.  In  185S  he  removed  to  Xew 
Haven,  Conn.,  where  he  now  resides.  In  1864  he 
was  elected  judge  of  probate  for  the  district  of  New 
Haven,  and  served  in  that  office  for  two  years.  In 
1869  ha  was  elected  lieutenant-governor  of  Con- 
necticut. In  1872  he  was  appointed  professor  in 
the  law-school  of  Yale  College,  and  in  1873  he  was 
made  dean  of  the  law-school.  He  has  written  sev- 
eral articles  in  the  Atlantir  Monfhhj,  and  has  also 
prepared  papers  for  the  American  Social  Science 
Association,  especially  on  "  Tramps'"  and  on  "  Out- 
Door  Relief."  He  was  (witli  his  brother)  joint 
aiitlior  of  "The  Life  and  Labors  of  Francis  Way- 
land.''  He  was  president  of  the  Baptist  Educational 
Convention  in  Philadelphia,  in  1872,  and  of  the 
Convention  of  Baptist  Social  Unions  in  Brooklyn, 
in  1874,  and  for  several  years  he  was  president  of 
the  Connecticut  Social  Union.  Ho  is  president  of 
the  board  of  directors  of  the  Connecticut  State 
Prison,  of  the  Connecticut  Prison  Association,  of 
the  board  of  Organized  Charities  of  the  City  of 
New  Haven,  and  of  the  b<iard  of  directors  of  the 
Connecticut  General  Hospital  at  New  Haven.     In 


WAYLAND 


1223 


WA YLAND 


1874  he  was  president  of  the  Board  of  Visitors  to 
the  U.  S.  Military  Academy  at  West  Point,  and  in 
1880  vice-president  of  the  Board  of  Visitors  to  the 
U.  S.  Naval  Academy  at  Annapolis.  He  has  been 
for  several  years  chairman  of  the  Jurisprudence 
Department  of  the  American  Social  Science  Asso- 
ciation, and  in  1880  was  chosen  president  of  the 
Association.  In  1879  he  received  from  the  Uni- 
versity of  Rochester  the  decree  of  Doctor  of  Laws. 
Wayland,  H.  L.,  D.D.,  son  of  Francis  and 
Lucy  Wayland,  was  born  at  Pmvidence,  R.  I., 
April  23,  1830;  graduated  at  Brown  University  in 
1849;  studied  at  Newton  Theological  Institution, 
1849-50;  taught  the  academy  at  Townshend,  Vt., 
1850-51  ;  resident  graduate  at  Brown  University, 
1S51-52;  tutor  at  University  of  Rochester,  1852- 
54  :  pastor  of  Third  (now  Main  Street)  church  in 
Worcester,  Mass.,  18.54-61  ;  chaplain  of  7th  Conn. 
Volunteers,  1861-04;  home  missionary  in  Nash- 
ville, Tenn.,  1864-65;  Professor  of  Rhetoric  and 
Logic  in  Kalamazoo  College,  Mich..  1865-70;  presi- 
dent of  Franklin  College,  Ind.,  1870-72  ;  editor  of 
the  Notional  Baptixf,  Philadelphia,  since  1872.  He 
has  published  articles  in  the  New  Englanda-  and 
the  Baptist  Qnarterlt/ ;  he  has  also  written  very 
largely  for  the  newspaper  press,  both  at  the  East 
and  at  the  West.  He  was  editorially  connected 
with  the  Mirhiija)i  Christian  Herald,  the  Standard. 
Chicago,  and  the  Mirhiijan  Teacher.  He  has  pub- 
lished several  sermons,  beside  addresses  on  educa- 
tion and  kindred  topics.  He  was,  with  his  brother, 
joint  author  of  "  The  Life  and  Labors  of  Francis 
Wayland."  Dr.  Wayland  possesses  great  ability, 
ardent  piety,  and  unusual  conscientiousness.  In 
his  bands  the  National  Baptist  has  become  a  de- 
cided success.  He  eiijo\-s  the  confidence  and  warm 
regards  of  all  Pennsylvania  Baptists  and  of  a  mul- 
titude l)esides. 

Wayland  Seminary,  Washington,  D.  C— 

The  history  of  this  institution  dates  back  to  1804. 
Good  and  wise  men  saw  the  necessity  of  providing 
an  educated  leadership  for  a  race  just  then  emanci- 
pated. The  leaven  of  a  Christian  education  seemed 
to  promise  the  chief  safety  from  evils  that  threat- 
ened the  interests  of  more  than  4,000,000  of  souls. 
How  should  the  work  commence?  How  could  the 
material  so  long  neglected  be  made  useful  ?  The 
most  perplexing  questions  had  to  be  solved ;  but 
faith,  with  its  farsightedness,  was  competent  to 
devise  a  plan  for  the  introduction  of  Wayland 
Seminary. 

AV'ayland  Seminary  comprises  three  departments, 
— a  normal,  an  academic,  and  a  theological.  The 
Bible  holds,  of  course,  the  first  place  in  the  school  ; 
but  the  students  must  be  able  to  teach  in  the  com- 
mon schools,  and  must  give  attention  to  other 
branches  of  study  along  with  Bible  studies. 

The  school  was  planted  and  has  been  carefully 


watched  over  by  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mis- 
sion Society.  At  first  there  was  no  building  in 
which  pupils  could  be  gathered.  To  secure  land 
and  a  building  was  a  task  that  hung  heavily  on 


WAYLAND    SliMI.NAKV. 

weary  bands,  and  severely  ta.\ed  a  faith  not  over- 
strong.  But  in  God's  plans  the  means  are  always 
equal  to  the  demands,  and  so  land  was  secured  for 
the  substantial  and  handsome  building  that  now 
stands  on  Meridian  Hill.  The  property  is  valued 
at  more  than  §.50,000.  The  building  has  accommo- 
dations for  100  students;  but  a  history  of  all  the 
struggles  to  complete  the  building  can  never  be 
written.  Donations  were  always  given  in  small 
amounts,  and  the  contributions  of  very  many  hands 
were  necessary  to  complete  the  work.  Few  gifts 
exceeded  §1000,  and  many  of  them  were  in  them- 
selves almost  trifling,  yet  in  the  aggregate  they 
secured  success. 

The  aim  of  the  school  is  to  furnish  an  education 
at  the  smallest  possible  expense.  To  make  this 
effectual,  the  students  have  the  entire  care  of  the 
seminary  grounds  and  the  building.  Each  student 
has  his  share  of  the  responsibility  of  keeping  the 
place  a  model  of  order  and  neatness.  Thus  stu- 
dents are  aided  in  overcoming  old  objectionable 
habits,  and  forming  those  that  will  make  their  own 
homes  models  for  their  race.  The  seminary  has 
not  made  the  mistake  of  taking  pupils  with  but 
little  preparation  through  the  higher  studies  of  a 


WE  A  VER 


1224 


WEBB 


college  curriculum,' and  therefore  it  lias  wasted  but 
little  labor  upon  poor  materials.  Nearly  100  stu- 
dents have  been  connected  with  the  school  annu- 
ally. Of  this  number  more  than  one-third  have 
entered  the  seminary  to  prepare  for  the  ministr}'. 
The  expenses  of  the  school  have  been  about  S7000 
annually,  which  sum  is  secured  by  contributions, 
since  only  a  small  endowment  fund  has  been  col- 
lected. The  work  of  the  school  appears  in  the  ad- 
vance made  by  churches  where  its  influence  has 
extended.  In  Maryland  and  Virginia,  as  well  as 
in  the  District  of  Columbia,  a  large  proportion 
of  the  colored  churches  of  the  Baptist  denomina- 
tion that  have  made  gratifying  progress  during  the 
past  twelve  years  have  been  under  the  care  of 
graduates  of  this  seminary.  Mission  churches 
have  become  self-sustaining,  new  chui-ches  have 
been  planted,  and  a  spirit  of  enterprise  has  shown 
itself  in  all  the  church  work  connected  with  these 
congregations.  The  marked  success  attending  the 
labors  of  the  graduates  of  the  school  has  solved  a 
number  of  the  difficult  problems  that  presented 
themselves  at  the  beginning  of  the  work.  Many 
of  the  graduates  have  engaged  in  teaching,  and  are 
filling  positions  of  honor  and  trust.  Already  stu- 
dents are  coming  to  the  school  who  have  been  fitted 
to  enter  its  classes  by  those  who  have  been  educated 
there.  The  seminary  constantly  aims  to  supply 
such  wants  as  appear  necessary  to  the  elevation  of 
the  colored  race.  Each  year  makes  larger  demands 
and  brings  additional  proofs  that  the  school  is  of 
God.  From  month  to  month  contributions  come  to 
the  school  from  those  who  love  Christ  and  hu- 
manity, and  the  accomplished  principal  of  the 
seminary,  the  llev.  G.  M.  P..King,  with  his  devoted 
wife,  labor  on  with  the  full  assurance  of  faith. 
Prof.  King  is  worthy  of  the  warmest  commenda- 
tions of  the  friends  of  the  freedmen,  for  to  his 
pei'severing  and  energetic  labors  is  mainly  due  the 
high  degree  of  success  which  has  marked  the 
pi'ogrcss  of  the  Wayland  Seminary. 

Weaver,  Rev.  Charles  S.,  son  of  Silas  G.  and 

Dinah  (Stone)  Weaver,  was  born  in  Coventry, 
R.  I.,  April  10,  1803  ;  studied  in  common  schools  ; 
became  a  teacher;  converted  in  1822;  baptized  in 
1823;  began  preaching  in  1828;  licensed  by  Cov- 
entry and  Warwick  church  ;  ordained  at  Arkwright 
village  in  1829;  settled  with  Baptist  church  in 
Plaiufield,  Conn. ;  in  1836,  with  church  in  Volun- 
town,  and  remained  sixteen  years  ;  in  1852,  with 
First  Baptist  church  in  Suffield  ;  in  1855,  with  First 
Baptist  church  in  Norwich  ;  in  1860,  with  church 
in  Noank,  Groton  :  in  1870,  returned  to  Vohin- 
town ;  in  1875,  with  Second  Baptist  church  in 
Richmond,  R.  I.,  where  he  is  now  laboring;  has 
ever  been  an  evangelist ;  baptized  more  than  1000 
persons;  was  judge  of  probate  and  a  member  of 
the  Connecticut   Legislature ;    once  president  of 


Connecticut  Baptist  Convention ;  been  moderator 
of  Associations,:  commissioner  of  schools  among 
the  Narragansett  Indians  ;  a  man  of  energy,  piety, 
tact,  and  power. 

Weaver,  Rev.  Joseph  Mjrrtle,  L.D.,  was  bom 
in  Shelby  Co.,  Ky.,  Dec.  18,  1832.  In  early  man- 
hood he  professed  conversion  and  united  with  the 
jNIethodists  by  immersion,  but  in  less  than  a  year 
afterwards  he  became  dissatisfied  with  their  doc- 
trine and  polity  and  united  with  the  Baptist  church 
at  Bloomfield,  Ky.,  "on  hi§  Methodist  baptism." 
By  this  church  he  was  licensed  to  preach,  June  12, 
1852,  and  next  year  entered  Georgetown  College,* 
where  he  finished  his  education.  On  leaving 
college  he  was  ordained,  and  took  charge  of  the 
Baptist  church  at  Seymour,  Ind.  After  a  short 
pastorate  here  he  was  called  to  the  church  at  Tay- 
lorsville,  Ky.,  where  he  ministered  with  much 
popularity  about  eight  years.  In  January,  1865, 
he  was  called  to  the  Chestnut  Street  church  in 
Louisville,  where  he  still  remains.  He  has  during 
this  pastorate  been  one  of  the  popular  and  suc- 
cessful pastors  of  the  city.  He  has  written  exten- 
sively for  tiie  periodical  press,  and  is  a  clear, 
forcible,  and  logical  writer.  In  the  winter  and 
spring  of  1879  he  had  an  extended  discussion 
in  the  Western  Recorder  with  the  editor  of  that 
journal,  on  the  subject  of  the  validity  of  alien 
immersions.  His  articles  were  elegant  specimens 
of  composition  iind  logic.  But  he  failed  to  satisfy 
his  own  judgment  and  conscience,  and  he  submit- 
ted to  baptism  by  a  qualified  administrator,  and  on 
the  5th  of  July,  1879,  was  immersed  by  Dr.  Boyce, 
of  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary. 
Dr.  Weaver  was  for  a  time  co-editor  of  the  Western 
Recorder.  He  wrote  and  published  "The  Myrtle 
Series"'  of  Sunday-school  books,  in  five  volumes, 
with  a  question-book  added.  As  a  preacher  and  a 
pastor  he  has  few  superiors  in  the  country. 

Wehb,  Greenleaf  S.,  D.D.,  son  of  Moses  Webb, 
who  with  his  six  brothers  served  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary war,  was  born  in  Columbia  Co.,  N.  Y.,  May 
2,  1789.  Most  of  his  youth  was  spent  in  Stam- 
ford, Conn.,  his  parents  having  joined  the  Baptist 
church  there.  When  a  young  man  he  came  to 
New  York  City,  and  in  his  own  words,  "  I  first 
began  to  hear  the  Word  with  interest  in  1806,  but 
not  till  November,  1807,  did  I  see  the  way  clear  to 
unite  with  God's  people."  He  was  then  baptized 
by  Re\-J  William  Parkinson,  whose  ministry  he  had 
attended,  .and  united  with  the  First  church.  He 
superintended  a  company  in  erecting  breastworks 
on  Fort  Greene  in  1812.  His  mind  was  drawn  to 
the  ministry  while  attending  to  his  secular  duties; 
receiving  encouragement  from  spiritual  advisers,  he 
studied  with  Dr.  Staughton,  at  Philadelphia,  and 
Dr.  Stanford,  in  New  York.  In  June,  1816,  he 
was  ordained,  and  became  co-pastor  with  Mr.  Fer- 


WEBB 


1225 


WEEKS 


ris,  at  Stainfoitl,  and  .soon  became  sole  pastor.  He 
visited  and  preached  before  the  Association  at  Pis- 
cataway  about  1820.  The  church  at  New  Bruns- 
wick called  him,  and  he  settled  there  in  April, 
1S2I.  His  preaching  talent  and  executive  ability 
soon  bore  fruit,  and  when  he  resigned  the  pas- 
torate, at  the  end  of  more  than  twenty-two  years, 
the  flock  that  he  found  small  and  weak  had  become 
large  and  influential.  lie  went  at  the  call  of  God 
to  the  Third  church  in  Philadelphia.  During  his 
pastorate  in  New  Brunswick  lie  had  been  surren- 
dered by  the  churcli  for  eigiit  months  to  plead  the 
cause  of  foreign  missions,  and  while  in  Pliiladel- 
pliia  he  was  again  pressed  into  that  work  for  three 
years.  Returning  at  last  to  his  New  Brunswick 
home,  he  has  been  very  useful  in  the  church  there, 
and  in  supplying  many  important  churches  during 
vacancies  in  the  pastorate.  Tall,  straight,  healthy, 
of  "sound  mind  and  memory,"  he  still  preaches, 
counsels,  and,  with  the  weight  of  ninety-two  years 
upon  him,  is  venerated,  loved,  and  trusted  l)y  his 
brethren.  lie  is  the  only  survivor  of  tliose  who 
formed  the  State  Convention.  No  man  has  been 
more  prominent  in  guiding  influence  in  all  mis- 
sionary directions.  For  many  years  he  has  been 
a  member  of  the  boai'd  of  the  Missionary  Union. 
The  university  at  Lewisburg  gave  him  D.D.  in 
1856.  lie  was  a  curator  of  that  institution  from 
1846  to  1854.  He  remembers  the  birth  of  foreign 
missions  in  this  country,  and  has  a  soul  full  of  the 
commission  which  the  Master  gave  to  his  disciples. 
Webb,  Jonathan  N.,D.D.,  was  born  in  Brown- 
ville,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  14,  iSll  ;  baptized  in  February, 
1825.  Dr.  Webb  studied  for  some  time  at  Madison 
University,  but  was  obliged  to  leave  before  grad- 
uating on  account  of  failing  health.  lie  was  or- 
dained as  pastor  of  the  Smithville  and  Munnsville 
Baptist  churches  at  Smithville,  N.  Y.,  May,  1835. 
Here  he  remained  five  years.  He  afterwai'ds  was 
pastor  of  the  following  churches  in  the  State  of 
New  York:  the  church  at  Carthage,  six  years'; 
Gouverneur,  two  years;  Ogdensburg,  four  years; 
Fort  Covington,  twelve  years;  Madrid,  three 
years.  He  was  three  years  with  tiie  Baptist  church 
in  Titusville,  Pa.  In  1870  a  pressing  call  came 
from  the  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  to  super- 
intend the  work  of  that  society  in  Nebraska  and 
Dakota.  For  nine  years  he  filled  with  marked 
fidelity  and  energy  the  position  of  district  secre- 
tary, closing  his  labors  with  the  society  Feb.  1,  1879. 
These  were  years  of  wonderful  toil,  in  cold  and 
heat,  amid  difficulties  that  would  have  discouraged 
weaker  hearts.  His  memory  and  name  will  be 
long  remembered  in  the  Baptist  churches  of  Ne- 
braska. Since  he  severed  his  connection  with  the 
Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  he  has  been  labor- 
ing at  his  own  charges  for  the  interests  of  five 
churches  in  the  State. 

78  ^ 


Webb,  W.  S.,  D.D.,  prc>ident  of  Mississippi 
College,  Clinton,  Miss.,  was  born  in  the  State  of 
New  York  in  1825;  prepared  for  college  in  Kings- 
ville,  0.,  Academy,  presided  over  by  Z.  C.  Graves, 
LL.D. ;  graduated  at  Madison  University,  N.  Y.,  in 
1849.  After  graduating  he  went  to  Middle  Ten- 
nessee, and  engaged  in  teaching  and  preaching  near 
Smyrna,  and  as  pastor  at  Enon,  Rutherford  Co. ; 
six  years  president  of  Yalobusha  Baptist  Female 
Institute,  at  Grenada,  Miss. ;  jiastor  six  years  at 
West  Point,  Miss.,  and  fourteen  years  at  Craw- 
fordsville;  in  1871  he  became  Professor  of 'i'heology 
in  IMississippi  College  and  pastor  of  the  Clinton 
church  ;  in  1873,  upon  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Hill- 
man,  he  was  elected  president  of  Mississippi  Col- 
lege, and  under  his  administration  the  institution 
has  greatly  prospered. 

Webber,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Virginia, 
Aug.  15,  1747.  In  the  early  {)art  of  1770  he  put 
his  trust  in  Jesus  for  a  full  salvation,  and  he  found 
it.  He  was  baptized  in  June,  and  soon  after  or- 
dained. He  itinerated  for  several  years  after  his 
ordination.  In  1774  he  became  pastor  of  the  Dover 
(Virginia)  church,  a  relation  which  death  only  sun- 
dered. His  labors  were  greatly  favored  of  God,  and 
churches  in  various  places  sprang  up  as  harvests 
from  the  seed  which  he  planted.  He  possessed  ex- 
tensive influence  in  the  denomination,  and  com- 
monly presided  at  the  meetings  of  the  General  As- 
sociation of  Virginia  and  of  the  General  Convention 
of  Virginia  Baptists. 

He  was  several  times  in  jail  for  preaching,  and 
had  much  to  endure  from  the  "  sons  of  Belial  at 
diSerent  places ;"  but  sustained  by  the  love  of 
Christ,  nothing  troubled  him. 

Mr.  Webber  had  no  one  talent  of  superlative 
greatness,  but  he  possessed  such  a  combination  of 
wisdom,  love,  Bible  knowledge,  grace,  and  perse- 
vering toil  in  the  Master's  service  that  he  was  a 
glorious  husbandman  for  God.  He  was  loved  by 
true  Christians,  hated  by  the  enemies  of  Jesus,  and 
regarded  by  his  own  and  subsequent  generations 
as  a  father  in  the  Baptist  Israel  of  Virginia.  He 
died  Fell.  29,  180S.  filled  with  rapturous  joy. 

Weeks,  Hon.  F.  M.,  was  bom  in  Florida,  a  few 
miles  south  of  Lake  City,  and  died  in  1879,  in  the 
meridian  of  life,  in  Alachua  County,  not  very  far 
from  his  birtiiplace.  He  was  converted  and  bap- 
tized at  Providence  ehurcii,  and  at  once  became  an 
active  and  useful  member.  He  was  universally 
respected  and  trusted. 

He  had  acquired  considerable  reputation  ;  served 
acceptably  his  county  (Columbia)  in  the  Legisla- 
ture ;  was  moderator  of  the  Santa  F6  River  Asso- 
ciation at  his  death,  and  had  been  licensed  to 
preach. 

^Ir.  Weeks  was  a  successful  Sunday-school  worker, 
and  was  much  loved  by  the  cliildreii.    He  frecjuently 


WEEKS 


1226 


WELCH 


expressed  the  wish  that  he  might  become  so  situ- 
ated in  life  that  he  could  devote  himself  to  Sunday 
mission  work. 

Weeks,  Rev.  Silas. — This  venerable  and  useful 
Jiiinister  died  at  his  home  in  Bradford  Co.,  Fla., 
Jan.  20, 1880,  at  the  age  of  sixty-eight.  For  thirty 
years  he  w<is  an  acceptable,  devoted,  and  successful 
minister  of  the  gospel  in  his  denomination.  He  la- 
bored in  the  counties  of  Putnam,  Nassau,  Colum- 
bia, Alachua,  and  Bradford,  and  well  has  it  been 
said  of  him,  "  Numerous,  indeed,  would  be  his 
spiritual  ftimily  if  all  born  of  God  under  his  min- 
istry could  be  counted  up."  His  life  was  without 
reproach,  and  his  heart  was  in  earnest.  He  was 
one  of  the  few  of  whom  it  can  be  truly  said,  "  I 
never  heard  anything  against  him." 

Mr.  Weeks  was  several  years  moderator  of  the 
New  River  Association,  of  whicii  body  he  may  be 
called  the  father. 

Welch,  Bartholomew  T.,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  Sept.  24,  1794.     His  paternal  grand- 


BARTHOLOMEW    T.    WELCH,   D.D. 

father  was  a  lieutenant  on  ])oard  the  U.  S.  frigate 
'"Alliance,"  of  Revolutionary  fame,  and  his  father 
was  a  midshipman  in  the  same  vessel.  His  mother 
was  the  daughter  of  Capt.  B.  Trow,  a  leader  in  the 
"Tea  Party"  in  Boston  Harbor,  and  a  brave  sol- 
dier at  Bunker  Hill.  He  served  as  an  officer 
throughout  the  Revolutionary  war. 

From  nine  to  twelve  Bartholomew  had  many 
convictions  of  guilt,  and  he  frequently  cried  for 
mercy,  but  he  did  not  yield  to  the  Saviour  until  he 
reached  his  twenty-first  year.     Under  the  ministry 


of  Dr.  Staughton,  of  Philadelphia,  -where  he  was 
then  living,  he  was  led  to  Christ.  He  united  with 
the  Sanson!  Street  church  in  September,  1815.  He 
soon  felt  that  he  must  preach  Jesus,  and.  after  some 
missionary  service,  he  became  pastor  of  the  Cats- 
kill,  N.  Y.,  Baptist  churcii,  in  September,  182.J. 
In  1827  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Bap- 
tist church  of  Albany,  X.  Y. 

Here  his  labors  were  so  successful  that  in  1834 
a  new  interest,  known  as  the  Pearl  Street  church, 
was  established  in  a  capacious  edifice,  which  was 
speedily  filled  to  overflowing  by  all  classes  of  so- 
ciety. "The  farmer,  the  mechanic,  merchant, 
scholar,  and  the  statesman  were  delighted  with  his 
instructive  and  thrilling  discourses."  When  he 
entered  upon  his  labors  at  Albany  there  was  but 
one  Baptist  church,  and  when  he  left  it  there  were 
four. 

In  December,  1848,  to  the  regret  of  his  church 
and  the  whole  people  of  Albany,  he  accepted  the 
call  of  the  Pierpont  Street  Baptist  church,  Brook- 
lyn, and  entered  upon  pastoral  duties  among  them. 
The  severity  of  the  climate  and  tKe  feebleness  of 
his  health  compelled  the  change.  In  Brooklyn  his 
gospel  and  his  eloquence  produced  the  same  results 
as  in  Albany.  He  was  an  eminent  servant  of  the 
living  God,  whom  his  Redeemer  greatly  honored. 

Welch,  Rev.  James  Eley,  was  born  Feb.  28, 

1789,  in  Fayette  Co.,  Ky.  During  the  summer  of 
1810  he  was  converted,  made  a  public  profession  of 
religion,  and  was  baptised  by  Rev.  Jeremiah  Var- 
deman  in  October  following  into  the  fellowship  of 
the  church  at  Davis'  Fork.  After  many  struggles 
on  the  subject,  he  became  convinced  that  God  had 
called  him  to  the  great  work  of  preaching  the  gos- 
pel, and  in  1815  he  was  set  apart  to  the  ministry. 
The  nextyear  he  spent  with  Rev.  Dr.  Wm.  Staughton 
at  Philadelphia,  studying  theology,  and  also  acting 
as  pastor  of  the  church  in  Burlington,  N.  J.,  where 
he  was  eminently  successful.  Feeling  impressed 
with  the  duty  of  mission  work,  he  tendered  his 
services  to  the  Board  of  Missions  at  Philadelphia 
in  May,  1817,  and  was  accepted  as  a  missionary  to 
St.  Louis,  Mo.  On  Sunday,  May  18,  he  was  set 
apart  to  the  work,  Dr.  Furnian,  Dr.  Baldwin,  Dr. 
Mercer,  and  Dr.  Staughton  participating  in  the 
exercises.  He  reached  his  destination  after  more 
tiian  two  months  of  travel.  Tlie  mission  work  in 
St.  Louis  was  very  difficult.  That  city  was  then  a 
small'^illage,  the  Catholic  influence  strong,  and  the 
people  more  inclined  to  wickedness  than  religion. 
His  diary  of  this  time  denotes  very  great  dis- 
couragements, as  well  as  a  daily  consecration  of 
life  and  work  to  the  ]\Iaster.  The  first  Baptist 
church  in  St.  Louis  was  constituted  by  Jlr.  Welch 
and  Dr.  J.  M.  Peck,  Feb.  8, 1818.  Their  first  hou.se 
of  worship  was  opened  for  service  in  July,  1819. 
After  three  years  of  laborious  struggles  and  varied 


WELCH 


1227 


WELLBORN 


successes,  the  board  discontinued  the  iiiissioti,  utid 
Mr.  Welch  returned  to  Burlington,  N.  J.  For 
more  than  twenty  years  he  was  agent  for  the 
American  Sunday-School  Union,  traveling  in  tiiis 
ca()acity  over  all  the  States  and  Territories,  forming 
Sahbath-scliools  and  otherwise  actively  advancing 
this  work.  lie  removed  from  Burlington  in  Sep- 
tember, 1848,  to  Warren  Co.,  Mo.  In  this  vicinity 
lie  labored  constantly  for  the  Master's  cause, 
(jireaching  and  building  churches  until  the  year 
1S75,  when  he  removed  to  Warrensburg,  Mo.  In 
the  centennial  year  he  revisited  his  old  home  in 
Burlington,  N.  J.,  and  on  tlie  ISth  of  July  of  that 
year,  while  with  an  excursion  party  of  Baptist 
brethren  at  the  sea-shore,  he  was  seized  with  apo- 
plexy, and  ended  a  long  and  useful  life.  He  was 
31  noble  man,  ever  through  life  discharging  faith- 
fully the  duties  of  a  CMiristian  gentleman  and  min- 
ister, thereby  securing  the  affection  and  esteem  of 
those  witii  whom  he  was  associated. 

Welch,  Rev.  Oliver,  was  born  in  Madison  Co., 
A' a.,  April  '11,  1791  ;  was  married  to  Miss  Elizabeth 
Mallory  the  18th  of  Septemlwr,  ISIO;  both  of 
them  united  with  the  Baptist  church  at  Crooked 
Bun  in  1815,  and  were  baptized  by  the  Rev.  Daniel 
James.  Not  having  a  single  Christian  relative, 
this  youthful  couple  in  starting  out  in  the  Christian 
life  had  many  trials  to  overcome.  Mr.  Welch  began 
to  preach  in  ISl!-?,  and  in  Virginia  was  pastor  of 
(!ood  Hope,  Gourd  Vine,  and  Cedar  Run  churches. 
He  removed  to  Alabama  in  1834,  united  with  the 
Talladega  Creek  church  (now  Alpine),  which  he 
served  as  pastor  until  his  death,  which  occurred  at 
the  house  of  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Reynolds,  the  23d 
<)f  April,  1874,  niaking  a  pastorate  of  forty  years; 
he  also  served  several  other  churches  as  pastor  in 
Talladega  Co.  A  large  family  connection  came 
from  Virginia  to  Alabama  with  Mr.  AVelch,  and 
settled  around  him,  and  under  his  ministry  were 
brought  into  his  church.  Tliey  and  he,  being 
people  of  wealth  and  fine  social  position,  comprised 
■one  of  the  most  attractive  communities  and  one  of 
the  most  influential  churches  in  the  State.  He 
lived  an  unblemished  life,  and  left  to  his  posterity 
and  to  his  church  a  precious  memory.  He  had  a 
most  amiable,  gentle  spirit,  and  a  dignified  bearing. 
He  was  an  instructive  preacher,  and  among  iiis 
large  circle  of  friends — laymen  and  ministers — he 
was  a  safe  and  wise  counselor. 

Wellborn,  Judge  Marshall  J.,  long  known  in 

Georgia  as  '"Judge  Wellborn,"  and  in  the  latter 
years  of  his  life  a  distinguished  Baptist  minister, 
was  born  in  Putnam  Co.,  Ga.,  May  29,  1808,  and 
<lied  at  Columbus.  Ga.,  Oct.  10,  1874.  He  was  the 
son  of  Thomas  Wellborn,  of  South  Carolina.  His 
mother  was  a  Virginia  lady,  and  both  parents  were 
of  English  extraction.  M.  J.  Wellborn  was  en- 
dowed by  nature  with  rare  qualities  of  head  and 


heart ;  courage,  energy,  benevolence,  and  generosity 
were  always  prominent  traits  in  his  character. 
His  mind  was  distinguished  for  quickness  of  per- 
ception and  perseverance  in  investigation ;  and 
it  was  the  truth  above  all  things  that  he  sought 
to  learn.  This  intuitive  tendency  developed  that 
anxious,  humble,  prayerful,  and  unceasing  study 
of  God's  Word,  and  caused  that  prompt  surrender 
of  preconceived  ofiinions  to  the  dictates  of  reason 
and  revelation,  for  which  he  was  remarkable. 

He  passed  through  the  Junior  class  of  the  State 
University,  at  Athens,  studied  law,  and  was,  by  a 
special  act  of  the  Legislature,  admitted  to  the 
practice  of  law  at  nineteen.  Early  in  1828  he  re- 
moved to  Hamilton,  in  Harris  County,  and  there 
the  foundation  of  his  fortune  and  success  in  after- 
life was  laid.  He  was  a  powerful  debater  and 
a  thrilling  orator,  and  many  of  his  extempore 
speeches,  delivered  at  the  bar,  thirty-five  or  forty 
years  ago,  are  still  remembered  as  masterpieces  of 
forensic  eloquence. 

After  a  few  years  he  removed  to  the  city  of 
Columbus,  where  he  rose  rapidly  to  prominence 
in  his  profession,  and,  without  a  stain  upon  his 
character,  accumulated  an  ample  fortune.  At 
twenty-one  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature, 
and  in  1842,  at  thirty-four,  he  became  judge  of 
the  Superior  Court  of  the  Chattahoochee  circuit. 

As  a  judicial  officer,  his  career  was  eminently 
distinguished  for  professional  learning,  faithful- 
ness, and  uprightness.  Subsequently,  after  a  pro- 
longed European  tour,  with  characteristic  ability 
and  purity,  he  filled  one  term  in  the  lower  house 
of  Congress.  Declining  a  re-election,  he  returned 
to  the  practice  of  his  profession,  which  he  followed 
with  leading  success. 

During  the  celebrated  revival  of  1858,  in  Colum- 
bus, he  professed  regeneration,  joined  the  Baptist 
Church,  and  was  baptized  by  Dr.  J.  II.  De  Votie. 
His  conversion  was  almost  Paul-like  in  its  wonder- 
ful transformation  ;  his  conviction  of  sin  was  pecu- 
liarly pungent,  and  his  evidences  of  regeneration 
and  pardon  were  most  remarkable.  Divine  grace 
has  seldom  made  a  more  signal  triumph  than  in  his 
case,  where  the  exceeding  lustre  of  holy  thought, 
feeling,  speech,  and  conduct  profoundly  eclipsed 
the  brightest  light  of  human  morality.  From  the 
moment  that  ho  accepted  Josus  he  became  an  en- 
thusiastic advocate  of  the  Saviour's  cause. 

After  a  long  struggle  to  know  his  duty,  he  ac- 
cepted a  license  to  preach  the  gospel,  and  June  29, 
1804,  he  was  ordained  at  Columbus.  He  accepted 
the  charge  of  the  Hamilton  Baptist  church  and  of 
the  Bethesda  church,  in  Harris  County,  preaching 
twice  a  month  at  each  place  until  his  death,  and 
declining  to  receive  any  compensation  from  either; 
a  great  mistake,  as  results  show.  Ardently  desirous 
of  doing  all  in  his  power  for  Jesus,  and  assured 


WELLING 


12-28 


WELLING 


that  his  period  for  ministei-ial  sei'vice  must  Ije 
short,  he  abounded  in  the  multitude  of  his  labors. 
For  ten  years  he  preached  in  tlie  pulpit,  by  the 
fireside,  on  the  highways — everywhere,  and  to 
everybody,  white  and  black — with  a  tenderness 
which  nothing  could  inspire  but  an  overflowing 
benevolence  and  a  profound  conviction  of  the 
truths  of  the  gospel.  lie  not  only  received  no 
compensation  for  his  ministerial  services,  but  with 
open  hands  distributed  his  own  private  fortune  to 
the  poor,  to  tiie  aid  of  the  churches,  to  the  support 
of  other  ministers,  and  to  the  various  evangelical 
enterprises  of  the  day. 

His  work  was  signallj'  blessed.  He  baptized 
an  uncommon  number  of  converts  under  his 
own  ministry.  He  was  greatly  beloved  by  the 
people  among  whom  he  moved,  and  in  hundreds 
of  homes  in  Western  and  Southwestern  Georgia. 
and  in  the  adjoining  parts  of  Alabama,  his  namo 
will  abide  till  this  generation  is  gone,  a  synonym 
of  all  that  is  good  and  noble.  From  youth  he  was 
the  subject  of  constant  and  distressing  ill  health. 
The  activity  of  his  uncommonly  busy  life  was 
astonishing.  There  were  tinies  when,  sick  almost 
unto  death  and  scarcely  able  to  move  a  limb,  lie 
would  be  aroused  by  some  call  for  exertion,  and  he 
would  go  on  the  Master's  business  immediately. 

As  a  preacher,  he  had  superior  ability,  his  ser- 
mons being  well  prepared,  and  delivered  earnestly 
and  eloquently.  In  doctrine  he  was  incorrupt. 
As  a  pastor,  he  was  untiringlj'  devoted,  and  emi- 
nently successful  in  comfortihg  believers  and  in 
winning  souls  to  Jesus.  He  delighted  to  assist 
young  men,  whether  it  was  to  give  them  a  start  in 
business  or  in  preparing  for  the  ministry.  He  mani- 
fested great  interest  in  plans  for  the  education  and 
spiritual  advancement  of  our  colored  population, 
contributing  largely  to  build  houses  of  wor.ship  for 
them,  and  constantly  preaching  to  those  of  them 
within  the  bounds  of  his  charges.  Worn  out  by 
incessant  toil,  he  suddenly  fell  asleep  in  Jesus  on 
Saturday,  Oct.  16,  1874.  By  his  death  a  whole 
community  was  stirred -to  its  depths,  and  devout 
men  carried  him  to  his  burial  and  made  great 
lamentation  over  him. 

Welling,  James  C,  LL.D.,  was  born  July  1. 
1825,  at  Trenton,  N.  J.  After  pursuing  his  pre- 
liminary studies  at  the  Trenton  Academy,  he  en- 
tered Princeton  College,  from  which  ho  graduated 
in  1844.  From  1844  to  lS4fi  he  was  a  private  tutor 
in  the  family  of  Henry  T.  Gariiett,  Esq.,  of  AVest- 
moreland,  Va.  Ho  afterwards  entered  upon  the 
study  of  the  law  with  the  Hon.  Willoughby  New- 
ton, of  Virginia,  but  at  the  expiration  of  a  year 
he  was  recalled  to  New  Jersey  by  the  illness  of 
his  father.  On  the  death  of  his  father,  in  1848, 
he  became  one  of  the  principals  of  the  Now  York 
Collegiate    School,  the  oldest   grammar-school  in 


that  city.  In  18.53  he  resigned  this  position  to  ac- 
cept the  associate  editorship  of  The  National  Litel- 
ligencer,  Washington,  \).  C,  for  which  celebrated 
jourhal  he  had  already,  since  18.50,  written  the 
"  Notes  on  New  Books,"  which  were  a  character- 
istic feature  of  the  paper.  Dr.  Welling,  as  editor 
of  the  latelligenccr  duriiig  the  trying  period  of  tiie 
war,  conducted  it  with  signal  ability.  Being  an 
eiuinentlj'  national  journal,  circulating  extensively 
both  in  the  North  and  the  South,  as  well  as  being 
read  by  not  a  few  in  Europe,  the  views  of  The  Na- 
tional Lilclliijencer  on  all  national  subjects,  anxl  es- 
pecially at  this  period,  when  the  contest  between 
the  U.  S.  government  and  the  Confederate  States 
was  being  so  fiercely  waged,  were  eagerly  looked 
for  and  anxiously  scanned.  Tts  opinions  were  gen- 
erously indorsed  by  the  most  patriotic  and  discrimi- 
nating in  all  sections  of  the  country,  and  they  aided 
not  a  little  in  keeping  the  judgments  of  men  clear 
as  to  the  cardinal  constitutional  features  of  the 
contest.  Before,  during,  and  after  the  crisis  Dr. 
Welling  stood  steadfastly  by  the  Constitution  and 
the  Union,  though  not  always  approving  the  poli- 
cies-of  the  Administration.  He  resigned  his  posi- 
tion as  editor  of  the  Tnfelligencer  Jan.  1.  1865.  in 
consequence  of  failing  health,  the  result  of  arduous 
labors  in  connection  with  that  journal.  In  18G3 
he  was  elected  bj'  the  judges  of  the  U.  S.  Court  of 
Claims  assistant  clerk  of  that  tribunal,  the  duties 
of  which,  being  at  thatjtime  very  light,  did  not  in- 
terfere with  his  editorial  labors.  During  1866  he 
spent  six  or  seven  months  in  Europe  in  quest  of 
health,  and  visited  England.  Scotland.  Switzerland, 
France,  and  Italy.  In  1867  he  was  elected  presi- 
dent of  St.  John's  College,  at  Annapolis,  Md.,  and 
during  his  administration  the  number  of  student* 
was  enlarged,  the  course  of  studj'  made  more  com- 
prehensive and  thorough,  and  the  discipline  im- 
proved. In  1870  he  was  called  to  the  chair  of 
Belles'Lettres  in  Princeton  College,  which  position 
he  resigned  in  the  following  year  to  accept  the 
presidency  of  the  Columbian  College  (now  the 
Columbian  University),  on  the  resignation  of  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Samson.  Up  to  the  present  period  in  Dr. 
Welling's  incumbency  the  course  of  study  has  been 
enlarged  and  the  endowment  greatly  increased. 
Mainly  through  his  instrumentality  a  valuable 
tract  of  land  on  the  edge  of  Wasliington  Citj'  was 
given  by  ^Ir.  Corcoran  for  the  founding  of  a  scicn- 
tific  school,  in  addition  to  which  SIOO.OOO  wore 
subscribed  for  the  general  endowment  of  the  uni- 
versitj'.  Dr.  Welling  has  written  a  great  deal, 
mainly,  however,  in  the  form  of  editorials  and  lit- 
erary addresses,  and  of  contributions  to  various 
journals,  and  to  the  North  American  Review.  He 
is  one  of  the  most  accomplished  writers  in  the  coun- 
try. Being  so  widely  and  favorably  known  among 
journalists,   literary   and   public    men,  he   is    fre- 


WELSH 


1229 


WELSH 


quently  called  upon  to  occupy  positions  of  lionor 
and  responsibility,  lie  is  a  corresponding  member 
of  the  New  York  Historical  Society,  of  the  Con- 
necticut Historical  Society;  visitor  of  the  Govern- 
ment Hospital  for  the  Insane,  Washington,  I).  C.  ; 
vice-president  of  the  Washington  Philoso[ihical 
Society  ;  member  of  the  executive  committee  of 
the  American  Colonization  Society  ;  trustee  of  the 
Corcoran  Art  Gallery. 

Dr.  Welling  is  one  of  the  most  active  laj'men 
in  the  Baptist  denomination.  He  was  for  many 
years  the  efficient  superintendent  of  the  Sunday- 
school  of  the  E  Street  IJaptist  church,  Washing- 
ton ;  is  at  present  a  deacon  of  the  North  Haptist 
church,  and  moderator  of  the  Columbia  Baptist 
Association,  comprising  the  churches  of  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia.  He  is  one  of  the  most  thorough 
of  Biljlical  .scholars,  and  his  rich  and  varied  stores 
of  information  make  him  exceedingly  interesting 
ill  the  social  meetings  of  his  church.  He  received 
the  degree  of  A.jM.  from  Princeton  College  in  1847, 
and  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from  the  Colum- 
bian College  in  1868.  Dr.  Welling  married,  in  1850, 
Miss  Genevieve  H.  Garnett,  the  accomplished 
daughter  of  Col.  Henry  I.  Garnett,  of  Virginia, 
who,  however,  survived  her  marriage  less  than  two 
years,  and  since  that  time  he  has  remained  unmar- 
ried. He  is  unwearied  in  planning  and  working 
for  the  prosperity  of  the  university. 

Welsh  Baptists,  The. — In  no  country  have  the 
principles  of  our  faith  as  Baptists  been  more  gen- 
erally utiderstood  and  more  bravely  defended  than 
in  the  little  principality  of  Wales.  It  is  cotnmonly 
believed  that  all  through  the  dark  reign  of  popery 
in  the  seclusions  of  her  valleys  and  in  the  fastnesses 
of  her  mountains  there  were  those  who  preserved 
the  ancient  purity  of  doctrine  and  worship.  The 
general  quickening  of  religious  thought,  which  was 
one  of  the  distingui.^hing  features  of  the  Reforma- 
tion, was,  however,  the  beneficent  agency  in  facili- 
tating their  emergence  into  the  clear  light  of  his- 
toric recognition.  The  earnest  study  of  the  sacred 
oracles  at  this  time  caused  numbers  of  the  most 
learned  and  (Jod-fearing  of  the  sons  of  the  Estab- 
lished Church  to  declare  themselves  converts  to  the 
Baptist  faith.  Such  men  as  Penry,  Wroth,  Erbury, 
and  Vavasor  Powell  became  leaders  of  mighty  in- 
fluence. They  suffered  much  for  the  principles 
which  they  professed  and  preached.  Vavasor  Pow- 
ell was  a  preacher  of  extraordinary  power.  Fluent 
in  both  Welsh  and  English,  and  withal  enriched 
with  a  cultivated  mind,  he  reached  all  classes  and 
commanded  all  hearts,  lie  was  immured  in  about 
thirteen  prisons,  in  one  of  which  he  died  on  the 
27th  of  September,  UJ70. 

The  ministry  of  these  distinguished  Keformers 
and  others  of  the  same  type  was  abundantly  fruit- 
ful, in  spite  of  the  most  persistent  opposition  from 


every  form  of  worldly  power.  The  seed  sprinkled 
with  tears  and  blood  could  not  fail  to  grow  and 
flourish.  Churches  sprang  into  existence  in  differ- 
ent parts  of  the  land,  and  [the  waters  of  many  a 
rural  stream  bore  witness  to  the  joyful  obedience 
of  hundreds  who  had  been  brought  to  the  knowl- 
edge of  the  truth. 

The  first  churches  in  AV^ales  after  the  Reforma- 
tion were  missionary  centres  of  wide-reaching  ac- 
tivity. In  addition  to  one  or  more  pastors  they 
frequently  had  numerous  assistants.  Although 
separated  by  immense  distances,  and  that  at  a  time 
when  roads  were  frequ(!ntly  impassable,  there  was 
scarcely  a  village  or  neighborhood  throughout  the 
length  and  breadth  of  the  land  where  the  gospel 
of  salvation  was  not  occasionally  preached.  It  is 
said  that  Christmas  Evans  traversed  Wales  forty 
times  from  north  to  south,  preaching  the  gospel,  in 
the  course  of  his  fruitful  ministry.  Every  renowned 
preacher  of  the  past  century  gave  a  large  portion 
of  his  time  to  evangelistic  work.  The  religious 
status  of  the  Welsh  people  is  largely  attributable 
to  this  liberal  diffusion  of  stimulating  and  enlight- 
ening thought.  The  rugged  heroes  of  the  past 
century,  who  with  self-sacrificing  devotion  exposed 
themselves  to  every  form  of  indignity  and  to  all  the 
rigors  of  a  variable  climate  that  they  might  make 
known  the  saving  truths  of  the  gospel,  are  worthy 
of  being  held  in  everlasting  remembrance. 

The  influence  which  the  Welsh  Baptists  have 
exerted  upon  the  religious  thought  and  life  of  this 
country  demands  special  recognition.  They  have 
contributed  more  than  any  other  people  who  have 
sought  a  home  in  this  Western  world  to  the  spread 
of  our  principles,  and  to  the  integrity  of  our  de- 
nominational life.  Much  of  the  formative  work 
in  Rhode  Island,  New  Jersey,  Virginia,  New  York, 
Delaware,  and  Pennsylvania  was  done  by  them. 
The  first  Baptist  church  in  this  country  was  estab- 
lished in  Providence,  R.  I.,  by  a  Welshman.  The 
first  Baptist  church  in  what  is  now  the  State  of  Mas- 
sachusetts was  founded  by  a  Welshman.  The  first 
Baptist  church  now  in  Pennsylvania,  the  mother  of 
the  I'hiladelphia  Association  and  of  many  churches 
in  Pennsylvania  and  New  .Jersey,  kept  its  records 
in  the  Welsh  language  for  many  years,  and  its  first 
Bible,  which  is  treasured  by  the  American  Baptist 
Historical  Society,  was  in  Welsh.  The  Welsh 
Tract  (church,  which  was  the  first  holding  our  faith 
in  Delaware,  and  for  many  years  a  most  influential 
community,  was  formed  in  Wales,  came  out  to  this 
country  as  a  body,  and,  after  remaining  a  short  time 
at  Lower  Dublin,  settled  permanently  in  Delaware. 
There  is  not  a  State  in  the  rnion  wiiere  Welsh- 
men have  not  had  an  honored  part  in  furthering 
Baptist  interests.  In  many  instances  thej'  have 
given  direction  and  energy  to  our  denominational 
life  when  as  yet  it  could  hardly  be  said   to  have 


WELSH 


I23U 


WEKGER 


an  organized  existence.  In  not  a  few  neighbor- 
hoods, in  addition  to  those  already  mentioned, 
where  our  name  is  now  a  power  and  blessing,  they 
were  the  fearless  pioneers.  The  superstructure  of 
our  Baptist  ftiith  owes  much  of  its  present  strength 
and  grandeur  to  tjie  solid  foundatic>n-work  in  which 
they  had  so  large  a  share. 

Roger  Williams,  the  fearless  champion  of  civil 
and  religious  liberty,  whose  teaching  and  example 
did  so  much  to  introduce  into  the  Constitution  of 
this  country  its  distinguishing  excellence;  John 
Miles,  who  exerted  such  a  powerful  influence  upon 
Baptist  progress  in  the  early  days  of  our  his- 
tory;  Dr.  Samuel  Jones,  of  Lower  Dublin,  and 
the  venerable  Isaac  Eaton,  first  master  of  Hope- 
well Academy ;  Abel  Morgan  and  Morgan  Ed- 
wards, distinguished  as  writers  and  preachers ; 
David  Thomas,  the  veteran  preacher  of  Virginia 
and  Kentucky  ;  David  Jones,  Horatio  Gates  Jones, 
and  John  Williams,  of  New  York,  all  men  of  might 
in  their  day,  were  Welshmen  or  the  immediate 
descendants  of  Welshmen. 

There  are  in  Wales  at  the  pi'esent  time  nearly 
500  Baptist  churches,  with  a  membership  aggrega- 
ting between  60,000  and  70,000.  The  practice  of 
restricted  communion  is  universal  save  in  a  few 
English  churches  in  the  large  centres  of  popula- 
tion. 

Welsh,  Rev.  John  C,  was  born  in  Boston, 
April  11,  1792.  He  became  a  hopeful  Christian 
when  he  was  twenty -four  years  of  age,  and  two  or 
three  years  later  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  First  Baptist  church,  Boston.  Having  de- 
cided to  enter  the  ministry  he  studied  theology  for 
a  time  in  Waterville,  and -was  ordained  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  AVarren,  R.  I.,  in  June,  1823. 
He  remained  pastor  of  the  AVarren  church  for 
eighteen  years.  From  1840  to  1850  he  was  pastor 
of  the  church  in  Seekonk,  Mass.  Having  resigned 
his  office  here  he  removed  to  Providence,  where  he 
spent  the  rest  of  his  life.  ,  He  was  ready  to  act  as 
a  supply  for  destitute  churches,  and  perform  any 
ministerial  service  by  which  he  could  help  on  the 
cause  of  Christ.  He  died  in  Providence,  Feb.  13, 
1858. 

Welsh  Tract  Church,  Del.— Sixteen  Baptists 

in  Wales  about  to  emigrate  to  America  formed 
themselves  into  a  Baptist  church  in  1701,  with 
Rev.  Thomas  Griffith,  one  of  their  number,  as 
pastor.  They  came  to  Pennepek,  now  in  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.,  where  there  was  a  Welsh  Baptist 
church.  Leaving  in  this  place  some  of  their  num- 
ber, and  receiving  accessions  in  return,  they  re- 
moved, in  1703,  to  Iron  Hill,  in  the  AVelsh  Tract, 
New  Castle  Co.,  Del.  (at  that  time  a  part  of  Penn- 
sylvania). A  small  meeting-house  was  then  erected 
upon  the  site  now  occupied  by  the  present  edifice, 
built  in   1746.      Their  principles   soon   spread   in 


Delaware  and  into  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland, 
and  to  Pedee  ,RiVer,  S.  C.  "  The  community  at 
AVelsh  Tract  in  early  times  held  a  respectable 
stand  among  the  American  Baptists ;  it  was  one 
of  the  five  churches  which  formed  the  Philadel- 
phia Association;  its  ministers  were  among  the 
most  active  in  all  Baptist  operations,  and  the  whole 
community  was  not  behind  any  of  the  members 
of  that  quintuple  alliance."  (Benedict's  Baptist 
History,  p.  626.)  In  1790,  Morgan  Edwards  wrote: 
"  The  Delaware  Baptists  are  Calvinistic  in  doctrine, 
and  differ  little  or  nothing  in  discipline  from  their 
brethren  in  neighboring  States."'  (Materials  to- 
wards a  Baptist  History,  Delaware,  p.  224.)  This 
church  was  the  mother  of  the  London  Tract,  Pa., 
and  Duck  Creek,  Del.,  churches,  and  in  some  de- 
gree of  the  Wilmington  (First),  Cowmarsh.  and 
Mispillion  churches,  Del. ;  also  of  the  Welsh  Neck 
church,  S.  C.  "  The  Welsh  Tract  church  was 
the  principal  if  not  the  sole  means  of  introducing 
singing,  imposition  of  hands,  church  covenants, 
etc.,  among  the  Baptist  churches  in  the  Middle 
States."  (Edwards's  Materials,  p.  232.)  Holding 
to  the  laying  on  of  hands  on  baptized  believers, 
they  refused  to  commune  for  a  while  with  the 
Philadelphia  and  Pennepek  churches,  but  the  dif- 
ficulty was  settled,  in  1706,  on  the  side  of  peace 
and  unity.  Their  pastors  have  been  Thomas  Grif- 
fith, Elisha  Thomas,  Enoch  Morgan,  Owen  Thomas, 
David  Davis,  John  Sutton,  John  Boggs,  Gideon 
Ferrell,  S.  W.  Woolfo'rd,  Samuel  TroU,  W.  K. 
Roberson,  Thomas  Barton,  G.  W.  Staton,  and  Wil- 
liam Grafton.  The  membership  in  1716  was  122; 
in  1817,  192;  and  now  (1880),  64. 

Welton,  Rev.  Daniel  M.,  Ph.D.,  was  born  in 

Aylesford,  Nova  Scotia,  in  1831  ;  graduated  from 
Acadia  College  in  June,  1855  ;  ordained  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church,  Windsor,  Nova  Scotia,  Sept.  2, 
1857  ;  thence  became  Professor  in  Acadia  College, 
in  187,4;  went,  in  1876,  to  Germany,  and  studied 
Hebrew  and  Greek  exegesis  at  Leipsic  University 
for  two  years.  Dr.  Welton  is  now  Professor  of 
Hebrew  and  Systematic  Theology  in  Acadia  Col- 
lege. 

Wenger,  John,  D.D.,  one  of  the  most  dis- 
tinguished oriental  scholars  and  translators  of  the 
age,  was  born  in  Switzerland,  Aug.  31,  1811.  Edu- 
cated for  the  ministry  of  the  national  church,  his 
conscientious  convictions  of  the  unscriptural  char- 
acter 6f  infant  baptism  constrained  him  to  abandon 
tlio  course  which  his  friends  had  planned  for  him. 
For  some  years  he  engaged  in  teaching  in  Greece. 
In  1S38  he  visited  England,  and  was  soon  after 
baptized  by  Dr.  Steane,  and  received  into  the 
church  at  Camberwell,  London.  Having  offered 
himself  for  missionary  work  in  India,  he  was  sent 
to  Calcutta  by  the  Baptist  Missionary  Society,  and 
joined  Dr.  Yates  in  translating  the  Scriptures.     A 


WENGER 


1231 


WE SCOTT 


new  Bengali  version  was  then  the  groat  work  in 
hand,  the  translators  aiming  "  to  produce  an  idio- 
matic version  which  should  be  as  good  Bengali  as 
the  English  version  is  good  English."  Before  the 
close  of  1845,  a  few  months  after  Dr.  Yates's  death, 
the  entire  Bible  was  printed.  In  1852,  Dr.  Wenger 
issued  from  the  mission  press  a  revised  version, 
which  has  continued  to  be  the  standard  version, 
and  has  the  support  of  missionaries  of  almost  every 
denomination,  and  of  the  Christian  communities 
of  Bengal.  A  third  edition  was  begun  in  1855, 
and  was  finally'  completed  in  18(J1.  In  18G2  the 
committee  requested  Dr.  Wenger  to  prepare  an  an- 
notated edition  of  the  Bengali  Scriptures.  While 
this  important  work  was  in  progress  he  issued  sev- 
eral editions  of  the  New  Testament,  and  in  1867 
the  fourth  edition  of  the  entire  Bible,  printed  in 
small  type,  and  making  a  handy  octavo  volume, 
left  the  press.  His  next  work  was  a  still  more 
thorough  revision  of  the  text  of  1801.  In  some 
parts,  especially  in  the  Psalms  and  prophets  of  the 
Old  Testament  and  the  epistles  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment, it  may  be  said  to  be  a  new  translation.  Be- 
sides these  labors  in  the  Bengali,  the  language  of 
forty  millions  of  people,  Dr.  Wenger  has  devoted 
himself  to  the  study  of  the  Sanscrit,  the  ancient  and 
sacred  language  of  India.  Dr.  Carey  and  also  Dr. 
Yates  had  translated  the  Bible  into  Sanscrit,  but 
Dr.  Wenger's  work,  consisting  of  four  volumes,  is 
much  more  valuable.  It  has  received  the  highest 
approbation  of  the  learned  everywhere,  and  is 
much  esteemed  by  those  natives  of  India  to  whom 
Sanscrit  is  familiar.  Besides  these  works,  Dr. 
Wenger  has  edited  a  great  number  of  Bengali 
publications  issued  by  the  Calcutta  Tract  Society. 
The  principles  on  which  he  has  carried  forward 
these  great  works  are  well  stated  in  Dr.  Wenger's 
own  words,  which  apply  in  America  as  well  as  in 
India :  "  In  carrying  on  their  Biblical  translations, 
especially  as  regards  the  New  Testament,  Baptist 
missionaries  have  for  nearly  forty  years  past  acted 
independently  of  the  British  and  Foreign  Bil)le 
Society  and  its  local  auxiliaries.  Their  severance 
from  that  great  and  noble  society  originated  with 
an  attempt  to  compel  the  translators  either  to  leave 
the  terms  for  baptism  untranslated,  or  to  translate 
them  in  a  wiiy  which  was  contrary  to  their  consci- 
entious convictions.  It  lias  often  been  taken  for 
granted  that  our  differences  with  the  Bible  Society 
concern  only  this  one  topic  of  baptism.  But,  if 
I  may  be  allowed  to  give  expression  to  my  own 
sentiments,  I  would  say  that  this  one  point  is  only 
a  sample  of  others,  and  that  in  all  of  them  a  great 
principle  is  at  stake.  The  principle  is  this, — that 
a  Biblical  translator  should  not  be  compelled  merely 
by  a  majority  of  votes  given  at  a  committee  meet- 
ing to  translate  the  Word  of  God  in  a  way  whicii 
is  not  in  accordance  with  his  conscientious  convic- 


tion. In  endeavoring  to  ascertain  the  grammati- 
cal interpretation  and  the  sense  of  the  sacred  texts, 
opinions  must  be  weighed,  not  counted,  and  they 
must  be  weighed  by  the  man  who  has  to  execute 
the  translation.  The  rules  for  the  guidance  of 
translators  wiiicii  have  been  laid  down  by  the  Bil)l(' 
Society,  and  which  are  annually  rej)rinted  in  tin- 
report  of  the  local  society,  appear  to  me  quite  as 
impertinent  as  was  its  attempt  to  dictate  to  Baptist 
translators  how  they  ought  to  render  the  terms 
descriptive  of  l)aptism.  In  short,  it  is  the  inde- 
pendence of  translators  which  the  Bible  Society 
wants  to  tamper  with,  and  which,  as  Baf)tists,  we 
ought  to  consider  ourselves  bound  to  uphold."  Dr. 
Wenger  was  once  blamed  by  certain  persons  for 
issuing  a  translation  of  the  third  chapter  of  John's 
gospel  which  they  said  was  not  correct,  simply 
because  it  did  not  teach  the  doctrine  of  baptismal 
regeneration.  He  replied  with  characteristic  force, 
"  My  translation  was  not  intended  to  teach  any 
doctrine  at  all.  I  wish  to  give  God's  Word  as  I 
find  it,  and  if  it  runs  counter  to  the  errors  of  any 
church  in  Christendom,  so  much  the  worse  for  that 
church  that  bases  itself  on  an  error  which  God's 
Word  does  not  contain."  Whilst  so  mucli  occupied 
with  his  special  work,  Dr.  AVenger  has  constantly 
engaged  in  the  ministry,  and  has  rendered  great 
services  to  the  cause  of  missions  by  his  wise  coun- 
sels, loving  spirit,  and  ripe  judgment.  In  his  ad- 
vanced age,  though  failing  sight  interferes  with 
his  activity,  he  is  still  devoted  to  his  great  work, 
and  has  a  very  efficient  junior  fellow-laborer  in  the 
Kev.  G.  II.  Rouse,  M.A.,  upon  whom  the  chief 
charge  of  the  translation  work  is  now  laid. 

Wepf,  Rev.  Lewis,  the  pastor  of  the  Ebenezer 
("crman  Baptist  church  in  Alilwaukce,  is  a  native 
of  Miilheim,  Canton  of  Thurgovie,  Switzerland, 
where  he  was  born  July  11,  1822.  lie  came  to 
America  when  a  young  man;  was  converted  and 
united  with  the  Baptist  church  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y., 
in  1848  ;  ordained  March  10,  1853,  in  Buffalo.  He 
came  to  Wisconsin  in  1872,  and  labored  one  year 
as  missionary  among  the  Germans  in  Watertown, 
one  year  as  missionary  among  the  Germans  of  May- 
ville,  and  for  the  last  six  years  has  been  the  pastor 
of  the  Ebenezer  German  Baptist  church  of  Milwau- 
kee. He  is  a  man  of  fine  culture,  a  clear  and  vig- 
orous thinker,  and  an  evangelical  preacher  of 
Christ's  gospel.  He  published,  in  1871,  a  work 
in  the  German  language  entitled  "The  Church 
and  her  Enemies,''  which  had  a  large  sale. 

WeSCOtt,  Isaac,  D.D.,  was  born  in  I'iymouth, 
Mass.,  April  10,  1804.  In  early  life  he  manifested 
a  great  fondness  for  books.  When  fifteen  years  of 
age  his  father  removed  to  Manchester,  N.  II.,  wliere, 
with  his  accustomed  avidity,  he  prosecuted  his 
studies  in  the  common  schools,  the  high  school, 
and  the  academy.      Here   he    was  converted   and 


WEST 


1232 


WESTCOTT 


joined  the  church;  and  soon  exhibited  the  same 
devotion  to  cliurch  work  that  marked  liis  life  while 
a  student.  The  years  182G  and  1827  he  occupied 
in  the  study  of  theology,  under  the  guidance  of 
his  pastor,  llev.  C.  0.  Kimball,  and  before  their 
expiration  he  was  called  to  preaoji  to  a  new  in- 
terest at  Dunbarton.  From  this  period  until  quite 
recently  the  ministerial  career  of  Dr.  Wescott  has 
beep  that  of  a  faithful,  arduous  pastor,  whose  life 
has  been  marked  by  evangelistic  fervor.  During 
his  service  at  Dunbarton  a  substantial  house  of 
worship  Avas  erected.  In  1831  he  became  pastor  at 
Whitney,  Conn.,  where  he  was  ordained,  and  where 
in  two  years  he  baptized  100  converts.  In  1833  he 
removed  to  Stillwater,  N.  Y.  At  this  place  he  re- 
mained pastor  eighteen  years,  and  during  this  time 
the  old  meeting-house  was  rebuilt,  and  an  influ- 
ence created  that  not  only  benefited  the  church  at 
Stillwater,  but  extended  throughout  the  Saratoga 
Association.  Dr.  Wescott  has  served  Laight  Street, 
N.  Y.,  1851-56;  Gloversville,  1856-59  (at  this 
place  a  large  house  of  worship  was  built)*;  1859-61, 
atNewburgh;  1861-67.  at  Bloomingdale,  New  York 
City;  1867-72,  at  Plymouth.  On  account  of  deaf- 
ness he  has  retired  as  a  pastor,  but  acts  as  a  sup- 
ply when  he  has  an  opportunity.  As  a  preacher, 
Dr.  Wescott  is  strongly  doctrinal.  Profound  earn- 
estness is  probably  the  most  striking  characteristic 
of  his  sermons  and  his  daily  life.  His  sermons 
show  great  ability.  Middlebury  College,  Vt.,  gave 
him  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  in  1833,  and 
Rochester  University,  in  .1864j  made  him  a  Doctor 
of  Divinity. 

West,  Rev.  Samuel,  was  born  in  Hopkinton, 
R.  I.,  Oct.  6,  176G ;  was  converted  in  1787 ;  was 
ordained  in  1799  ;  was  settled  for  ten  years  in  New 
London,  Conn. ;  was  a  good,  deserving,  efficient 
minister ;  closed  his  honoi'able  labors  and  life  in 
North  Madison,  Conn.,  in  the  seventy-first  year  of 
his  age  and  the  thirty-eighth  of  his  ministry. 

West  Virginia,  Baptists  of.— The  history  of 
the  Baptii'ts  in  West  Virginia  is  closely  related  to 
that  of  the  Baptists  of  Virginia,  and  especially  to 
that  of  the  General  Association^  of  Virginia.  A 
large  number  of  the  churches  have  been  organized 
by  the  missionaries  of  that  body.  The  oldest 
church  in  the  State  is  Simpsoii's  Creek,  in  tlic 
Union  Association,  formed  in  1774.  The  three 
next  in  order  are  Forks  of  Cheat,  1775 ;  West 
Fork,  1780;  and  the  Greenbrier,  1781.  Rev.  John 
Alderson  was  the  first  Baptist  minister  who  visited 
the  southern  part  of  the  State.  Tin-ough  his  efforts 
the  Greenbrier  church  was  originated,  as  also  the 
Greenbrier  Association  in  1800.  Tiie  Hopewell 
and  Raleigh  Associations  were  formed  from  the 
Greenbrier  in  1S71.  Tiie  Union  Association  was 
organized  in  1804,  the  Teays'  Valley  in  1812,  tiie 
Parkers))urg  in  181S,  the  Broad  Run  in  1835,  and 


about  1870-71  the  Guyandotte  and  Kanawha  Val- 
ley were  taken  from  the  Teays'  Valley.  Before 
the  formation  of  the  General  Association  of  West 
Virginia  there  were  two  mission  bodies  in  its 
bounds  auxiliary  to  the  General  Association  of 
Virginia, — the  Western  and  the  Northwestern  As- 
sociations. The  General  Association  was  organ- 
ized Nov.  15,  1865,  by  delegates  from  the  Parkers- 
burg,  Judson,  Mount  Pisgah,  Union,  Teays'  Val- 
ley, and  Broad  Run  Associations.  Besides  those 
already  named  there  are  two  other  Associations 
in  the  State, — the  Goshen  and  the  Harmony, — 
making  thirteen  District  Associations.  In  thesQ 
there  were,  in  1880,  381  churches,  25,239  members, 
and  203  ordained  ministers.  The  total  reported 
amount  of  contributions  for  State,  home,  and 
foreign  missions,  Sunday-schools,  and  home  ex- 
penses was,  in  1879,  824,228.63,  and  while  this  is 
the  sum  reported  much  more  than  this  was  con- 
tributed. The  thirteen  Associations  are  supporting 
fourteen  native  preachers  in  Burmah,  and  §943.40 
of  the  amount  given  to  foreign  missions  passed 
through  the  hands  of  the  Anierica*n  Baptist  Mis- 
sionary Union.  The  General  Association  had,  in 
1880,  ten  missionaries  under  appointment  in  the 
State,  some  of  whom  occupy  positions  of  the  first 
importance  in  towns  on  the  railroads.  The  Bap- 
tists of  West  Virginia  now  hold  a  very  favorable 
position  as  compared  with  that  of  the  other  denom- 
inations in  the  State.  Their  Sunday-school  and 
educational  work  is  in  advance  of  all  others.  The 
Shelton  and  Broadd us  Colleges  are  now  established, 
and  with  proper  efforts  a  brighter  day  is  before 
them. 

Besides  the  white  membership  there  is  one  As- 
sociation of  colored  Baptists, — the  Mount  Olivet, — 
organized  in  1874,  and  which  now  consists  of  24 
chui-ches  and  974  members.  There  are  colored 
Baptist  churches  with  413  members  which  do  not 
belong  to  this  Association,  but  to  similar  bodies  in 
adjacent  States,  the  whole  number  being  1387, 
making  an  aggregate  of  Regular  Baptists  in  the 
State  of  about  26,000.  The  colored  churches  have 
some  verj'  acceptable  preachers,  several  of  whom 
are  well  educated  and  doing  a  good  work. 

Westcott,  Rev.  Erastus,  was  bom  March  27, 
1816,  in  Milfonl.  Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y.  His  parents 
removed  from  Cheshire,  JIass.,  where  they  had 
enjoyed  tiie  ministrations  of  the  celebrated  Rev. 
John  Leland,  The  early  j^ears  of  young  AVestcott 
were  occupied  in  farming.  At  sixteen  he  made  a 
profession  of  religion,  and  united  with  the  Baptist 
Church.  The  following  year  he  entered  the  aca- 
demic department  of  Madison  University,  where 
he  pursued  his  studies  to  the  close  of  tlie  Sopho- 
more year.  He  then  pursued  his  studies  privately, 
preaching  when  opportunity  presented  until  April, 
1837,  when  he  engaged  in  pastoral  labor.    For  more 


WESTON 


1233 


WESTON 


than  forty-three  years  he  has  been  but  one  week 
without  a  pastorate.  lie  was  ordained  in  llich- 
field,  Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1838,  and  for  twenty- 
two  years  served  churches  in  Otscijo  and  Delaware 
Counties,  N.  Y.  During  this  period  he  organized 
two  churches,  gatherc<l  the  funds  and  superin- 
tended the  erection  of  two  meeting-houses.  At  tiie 
same  time  he  zeah)usly  labored  to  promote  the 
welfare  of  neighlioring  destitute  churches.  In 
August,  1857,  he  removed  to  Rochester,  Minn., 
and  at  once  organized  a  church  of  seventeen  meni- 
i)ers.  The  same  niontli  he  attendfid  the  first  anni- 
versary of  the  Southern  .Minnesota  Association. 
In  1858  he  gathered  the  funds  for  the  first  meeting- 
house in  Kochester,  dedicating  it  in  the  month  of 
October.  After  serving  the  Rochester  churcli  three 
years  he  resigned,  and  located  in  Concord,  Dodge 
Co.,  where  he  still  resides.  In  his  present  field  he 
has  organized  four  churches,  and  assisted  in  form- 
ing two  oriiers.  lie  has  collected  tlie  funds  on  the 
fields  where  three  meeting-houses  fiave  been  erected 
and  paid  for.  His  salary  has  always  been  inade- 
quate to  his  support,  yet  in  the  erection  of  these 
places  of  worship  he  gave  more  than  $1000  from 
his  scanty  means.  IIo  also  gave  S500  to  the  Min- 
nesota Academy  at  Ovvatonna.  lie  has  given  \\h- 
erally  for  home  and  foreign  missions  and  other 
objects  of  benevolence.  At  one  time  he  served 
four  ctiurches,  and  had  a  covenant  meeting  every 
Saturday  p.m.  iti  the  year.  From  these  meetings 
he  was  never  absent  unless  prevented  by  a  severe 
storm  or  funeral.  lie  gave  attention  in  part  to 
business  for  iiis  support,  but  never  allowed  worldly 
engagements  to  interfere  with  the  duties  of  the 
ministry.  Fur  four  years  past  he  has  been  largely 
engaged  in  building  and  endowing  the  Minnesota 
Academy  located  at  Owatonna.  This  work  is  a 
success. 

Weston,  Rev.  Adolphus,  is  the  pioneer  Baptist 
preacher  of  Washington  Territory,  lie  was  born  in 
Willington,  Conn.,  Jan.  29,  1811  ;  converted  and 
baptized  in  1829  ;  licensed  in  1831  ;  he  studied  at 
Madison  University  si.K  years;  was  ordained  as 
pastor  at  Burlington  Flats,  N.  Y.,  in  1838,  and  in 
1839  was  appointed  missionary  to  the  Mississippi 
Valley  ;  jireached  in  many  places,  became  pastor  at 
Carthage,  111.,  and  had  a  great  revival.  He  con- 
tinued as  pastor  at  Carthage  twelve  years.  In 
1852  he  went  overland  to  Oregon,  where  he  was 
pastor  of  the  West  Union  church,  and  mis^iona^y 
of  the  Willamette  Association  until  186-3,  when  he 
removed  to  Washington  Territory.  He  gathered 
the  few  Baptists  who. could  be  found  in  that  wil- 
derness, and  preached  to  them.  His  labors  were 
greatly  blessed.  He  organized  the  church  in  Puy- 
allus  Valley  in  18G7.  He  was  the  only  Baptist 
minister  in  all  that  region  for  many  years.  Nearly 
every  month    he    had   converts  to    baptize.      The 


churches  increased  in  number  until  in  1871  the 
Puget  Sound'Association  was  organized  with  five 
churciies  and  four  ministers.  His  work  has  been 
that  of  a  pioneer  missionary  without  appointment 
from  any  society.  Tlie  churches  at  Elma,  Centre- 
ville,  Olympia,  Seattle,  and  other  places  all  recog- 
nize in  "  Father  Weston"  one  of  the  chief  founders 
of  the  Baptist  cause  in  Washington  Territory. 

Weston,  David,  D.D.,  an  American  clergyman 
of  the  Ba|)tist  denomination.  He  was  born  in 
North  Midilleborough,  Mass.,  Jan.  24,  183G,  and 
(lied  Feb.  22,  1875.  He  graduated  from  Brown 
University  and  at  Newton  Theological  Seminary. 
His  first  pastorate  was  at  Worcester,  Mass.,  but  he 
soon  left  to  take  the  chair  of  Ecclesiastical  History 
in  the  theological  seminary  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.  By 
reason  of  his  scholarship  and  ability  as  a  teacher 
the  University  of  Rochester  bestowed  upon  him, 
though  a  young  man,  the  honorary  degree  of  D.D. 
Few  men  had  accumulated  so  much  material  for 
ecclesiastical  history  so  early  in  life  as  Dr.  Weston. 
The  early  death  of  this  rising  man  was  lamented 
by  all  who  knew  him.  It  was  a  great  loss  to  the 
whole  Baptist  denomination. 

Weston,  Henry  G.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Lynn, 
Mass.,  Sept.  11,  1820.  His  father  was  at  that  time 
one  of  the  firm  of  True  &  Weston,  publishers  of  the 
Christian  Watchman,  in  Boston.    He  was  baptized 


HENKV    <;.   WESTON.   D.D. 


in  Lynn  in  1S34  ;  graduated  from  Brown  Univer- 
sity in  1S40,  and  in  the  fall  of  that  year  entered 
Newton  Theological  Institution  ;  was  ordained  in 
Frankfort,  Ky.,  in  1843,  and  immediately  proceeded 


WESTON 


Vl.'A 


WHARTON 


to  Illinois,  where  he  preached  as  a  missionary  at 
his  own  charges  for  three  years,  in  Tazewell, 
AVoodford,  and  McLean  Counties  ;  settled  as  pastor 
of  the  church  in  Peoria,  111.,  in  1846,  and  remained 
tliirteen  years;  removed  to  Oliver  Street  church. 
New  York  City,  where  he  remained  until  18(58, 
when  he  accepted  a  call  to  his  present  position  as 
president  of  Crozer  Theological  Seminary.  In 
connection  with  the  labors  incident  to  these  varied 
and  responsible  positions,  he  has  been  prominently 
engaged  in  advancing  the  general  interests  of  the 
denomination.  lie  was  editor  of  the  Baptist  Quar- 
terly from  the  time  of  its  establishment,  and  has 
also  served  as  president  of  the  American  Baptist 
Missionary  Union.  He  has  published  a  valuable 
treatise  on  the  four  gospels,  and  with  both  pen 
and  voice  lias  rendered  other  useful  and  extended 
service.  He  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  in  1846 
from  Shurtletf  College,  and  that  of  D.D.  in  1859 
from  the  University  of  Rochester. 

Dr.  Weston  is  a  man  eminently  fitted  to  be  an 
educator  of  those  who  are  pi-eparing  Co  instruct 
their  fellow-men.  As  an  expositor  of  the  Scrip- 
tures, he  is  clear,  thorough,  and  spiritual.  His 
uninterrupted  and  zealous  pursuit  of  the  truth, 
his  simplicity  of  speech,  his  living  faith,  his  invin- 
cible courage,  and  his  unbounded  confidence  in  the 
reliable  and  unfailing  authority  of  God's  Word, 
render  him  peculiarly  competent  to  guide  the 
opinions  and  control  the  commotions  of  inquiring 
and  agitated  truth-seekers.  His  mind  is  richly 
stored  with  the  results,  of  long-continued  Bible 
study;  his  heart  is  an  overflowing  fountain  of 
manly  tenderness,  and  all  his  varied  and  cultured 
attainments  are  sanctified.by  the  experiences  of 
successful  pastoral  ministrations.  Knowing  the 
wants  of  those  to  whom  the  gospel  must  be 
preached,  as  well  as  the  necessities  of  those  who 
are  to  preach  the  gospel,  he  possesses  rare  qualifi- 
cations for  the  position  he  now  holds.  The  influ- 
ence of  his  native  genius,  sound  scholarship,  cor- 
rect taste,  and  ripe  Christian  experience  reaches 
far  and  wide  through  the  able  ministry  of  those 
who  have  sat  under  his  Instruction.  He  is  one  of 
the  ablest  men  in  his  position  in  or  out  of  this 
country. 

Weston,  Rev.  John  E.,  was  born  in  Amherst, 
N.  II.,  Oct.  13,  1790.  On  his  mothers  side  he  was 
of  Huguenot  descent,  and  had  many  of  those 
qualities  of  character  which  we  associate  with 
those  honored  French  refugees,  who  suffered  so 
much''  for  the  sake  of  their  religion.  He  estab- 
lished, in  connection  with  Mr.  Benjamin  True,  in 
1818,  the  Cluisdnn  Watrhmdu.  now  TheWatrhman, 
of  Boston,  which  has  been  in  existence  sixty-three 
years.  His  connection  with  the  paper  continued 
not  far  from  three  years.  While  thus  engaged  his 
religious  impressions  ripened  into  a  full  iiope  in 


Christ,  and  he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  James  M. 
Winchell,  Feb.  22,  1820,  and  connected  himself  with 
the  church  under  the  pastoral  care  of  Rev.  Dr.  Sharp. 
Having  given  up  his  business  as  a  printer,  he  now 
resolved  to  cnrrv"^  out  his  early  purpose  to  secure  a 
.better  intellectual  training,  with  a  view  to  entering 
the  ministry.  He  repaired  to  the  A  ndover  Phillips' 
Academy,  and  subsequently  put  himself  under  the 
tuition  of  Rev.  Dr.  Bolles,  of  Salem,  Mass. ;  then 
became  a  student  of  Columbian  College,  and  com- 
pleted his  theological  studies  in  part  at  Andover 
and  in  part  as  a  member  of  the  first  graduating 
class  at  Newton.  He  was  ordained  at  East  Cam.- 
bridge,  Mass.,  Oct.  10,  1827,  and  was  the  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  that  place  for  four  years. 
He  resigned  his  charge  May  27,  1831.  An  invita- 
tion had  been  extended  to  him  to  become  the  pas- 
tor of  the  Baptist  ciiurch  in  Nasliua,  N.  II.,  but 
his  work  was  nearly  done.  On  his  way  to  Nashua 
to  fulfill  an  engagement  he  drove  into  a  pond — it 
being  a  warm  summer's  day — to  refresh  his  horse. 
Unfortunately  it  was  a  dangerous  place,  and  Mr. 
Weston  leaped  from  the  carriage,  and,  being  unable 
to  swim,  was  drowned.  The  sad  event  occurred 
July  2,  1831.  Mr.  Weston  was  father  of  the  Rev. 
H.  G.  Weston,  D.D.,  president  of  the  Crozer 
Theological  Institution. 

Whale,  Theophilus,  was  born  in  England  of 
an  opulent  family  about  1610;  received  a  univer- 
sity education  ;  served  as  an  officer  in  Virginia ; 
served  through  the  Parliamentary  wars:  com- 
manded guards  at  the  execution  of  Charles  I., 
in -1649;  served  under  the  Protectorate;  on  the 
restoration  of  monarchy,  in  1660,  fled  to  America; 
settled,  and  married  Elizabeth  Mills,  in  Virginia, 
but,  being  a  Baptist,  and  disliking  dominant 
Episcopacy,  removed,  and  settled  in  South  Kings- 
ton, R.  I.,  about  1680  ;  -was  a  writer,  teacher,  and 
farmer ;  read  Hebrew,  Greek,  and  Latin  ;  aided  Bap- 
tist ministers  in  their  education  ;  was  reticent,  and 
hence  suspected  of  being  connected  with  the  regi- 
cide judges;  a  pure,  studious  man;  became  the 
grandfather  of  Judge  Samuel  Hopkins;  died  about 
1719,  aged  one  hundred  and  three  years;  was 
buried  with  military  honors  on  Hopkins  Hill, 
West  Greenwich.  R.  I. 

Wharton,  Rev.  H.  M.,  was  bom  in  Culpeper 
Co.,  Va.,  Sept.  11,  1848.  After  receiving  a  good 
common-school  education  he  attended  Roanoke  Col- 
lege during  the  sessions  of  1863  and  1864.  The 
latter  part  of  1864  he  entered  the  Confederate  ser- 
vice, and  was  with  the  army  at  its  surrender  at 
Apponiattox  Court-IIouse,  in  April,  1S65.  Soon 
after  the  war,  in  1806,  he  went  to  Mexico  with 
his  brother.  Dr.  J.  S.  Wharton,  and  remained 
about  twelve  months.  He  then  returned  to  his 
father's  home  in  Virginia,  at  Amherst  Court- 
House,  to  which  the  latter  had  removed  durins  the 


WHARTON 


1235 


WHARTON 


war.  Here  he  soon  became  interested  in  religious 
matters,  and  united  with  tlie  Episcopal  Church  in 
November,  1867.  IIo  was  quite  prominent  in 
that  church,  and  occasionally  acted  as  lay  reader. 
lie  chose  the  law  as  his  profession,  being  admitted 
to  the  bar  when  only  nineteen.  He  was  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  law  until  1873,  and  Judge  Shef- 
fey,  the  distinguished  judge  of  that  circuit,  pro- 
nounced him  the  most  promising  young  lawyer  in 
the  State.  On  a  visit  to  his  brother,  Rev.  M.  B. 
Wharton,  D.l).,  jiastor  of  the  AValnut  Street  Bap- 
tist church  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  he  changed  his  re- 
ligious views,  and  was  by  him  baptized  into  the 
fellowship  of  that  church.  After  some  exercise  of 
his  ministerial  gifts,  he  attended  one  session  at  the 
Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  then  lo- 
cated at  Greenville,  S.  C.  He  selected  the  schools 
of  Old  and  New  Testament  interpretation,  system- 
atic theology,  and  homiletios,  and  graduated  in 
them  all.  Soon  after  leaving  the  seminary  he  ac- 
cepted a  call  to  the  Luray  and  Front  Royal  Baptist 
churches,  in  the  Valley  of  Virginia,  where  he  re- 
mained six  years,  was  eminently  successful  in  ad- 
vancing the  cause,  not  only  in  those  towns,  but  in 
all  that  region,  and  was  everywhere  recognized  as 
a  brilliant  and  eloquent  preacher.  He  traveled 
much,  and  did  the  work  of  an  evangelist,  holding 
protracted  meetings  in  the  cities  of  Alexandria 
and  Richmond,  in  several  smaller  places,  and  with 
numei-ous  country  churches,  in  all  of  which  his 
labors  were  greatly  blessed.  In  December,  1880, 
a  unanimous  call  was  extended  to  him  to  become 
pastor  of  the  Lee  Street  Baptist  church,  BaJti- 
more,  Md.,  made  vacant  by  the  removal  of  Dr.  John 
Pollard  to  Richmond,  Va.  He  has  but  recently  en- 
tered upon  his  work  there,  and  has  shown  himself 
to  be  admirably  adapted  for  the  position  he  occu- 
pies in  that  important  field.  The  church  has  400 
members,  in  the  midst  of  a  growing  population, 
and  presents  a  fine  sphere  of  usefulness  to  one 
possessed  of  his  talents.  He  is  an  able  preacher. 
A  distinguished  lawyer  of  Richmond  says  he  never 
heard  more  eloquent  a|)pi'als  from  any  public 
speaker  than  those  that  fell  from  his  lips  in  the 
revival  which  he  had  in  that  city.  As  he  is  quite 
young,  studious,  and  progressive,  the  denomination 
may  look  for  a  brilliant  future  for  him. 

Wharton,  Morton  Bryan,  D,D.,  one  of  the 
most  talented  ministers  of  Georgia,  is  a  Virginian 
by  birth.  He  was  born  April  5,  1839,  in  Orange 
County.  He  is  a  man  of  varied  powers,-  excelling 
as  a  preacher  and  pastor,  and  surpassing  most  men 
as  an  agent  for  the  collection  of  funds  for  religious 
or  benevolent  purposes.  A  man  of  wonderful 
energy,  unbounded  resources,  remarkable  business 
capacity,  and  with  a  striking  knowledge  of  men,  he 
has  succeeded  in  whatever  he  has  undertaken. 

At    the    age   of  eighteen    he   was  converted   in 


Alexandria,  Va.,  and  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  of  that  city.  His  talents  and  inclinations 
soon  led  him  towards  the  ministry,  and  in  October, 
1858,    ho    entered    Richmond    College,    where    he 


MORTON    BRYAN    WHARTON,   D.D. 

graduated  in  18G1.  His  first  pastorate  was  at 
Bristol,  Tenn.,  where  he  remained  two  years.  He 
then  went  to  Georgia  in  1864,  as  the  agent  of  the 
Virginia  Army  Colportage  Board,  to  collect  funds. 
During  the  latter  part  of  the  war  he  became  the 
successful  agent  of  "  The  Domestic  and  Indian  Mis- 
sion Board"'  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention. 
After  the  war  he  became  successively  the  pastor 
of  the  Eufaula,  Ala.,  Baptist  church,  where  he  was 
instrumental  in  erecting  a  splendid  and  costly 
house  of  worship  ;  of  the  Walnut  Street  church  in 
Louisville,  Ky.,  where  he  was  remarkably  success- 
ful, and  where  he  collected  large  amounts  for 
benevolent  purposes ;  and  of  the  Greene  Sti'eet 
church,  Augusta,  Ga.,  where,  as  in  Louisville,  he 
was  instrumental  in  making  great  improvements 
in  the  house  of  worship,  and  in  adding  a  large 
number  to  the  membership  of  the  church.  These 
labors  left  him,  in  1876,  so  completely  broken 
down  in  health  that  he  retired  to  his  farm  in 
Southwestern  Georgia,  where  he  remained  in  se- 
clusion, until  prevailed  upon  to  accept  an  agency 
to  collect  Georgia's  quota  for  the  Southern  Baptist 
Theological  Seminary.  In  that  work  he  has  been 
very  successful.  At  present  he  is  the  correspond- 
ing secretary  of  the  seminary  to  raise  the  §20,000 
per  annum  necessary  for  the  current  expenses  of 
the  institution,  and  he  is  succeeding  admirably. 


WHEAT 


1236 


WHEEL OCK 


During  his  pastorate  at  Augusta  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  on  liim  by  the 
Wasliington  and  Lee  University,  of  Virginia. 

He  is  a  trustee  of  Mercer  University,  and  of  the 
Baptist  Orphans'  Home  ;  and  he  is  also  a  member 
of  tiie  board  of  trustees  for  the  .Southern  Baptist 
Theological  Seminary.  As  a  preacher,  he  is  pos- 
sessed of  much  oratorical  power,  and  he  is  highly 
gifted  intellectually.  His  mental  powers  are  ana- 
lytical, and  he  is  blessed  with  an  extraordinary 
memory.  He  has  proved  himself  equal  to  any  posi- 
tion in  which  he  has  been  placed,  and  has  never 
failed,  by  his  striking  powers,  to  draw  large  con- 
gregations wherever  he  has  preached,  and  to  in- 
crease greatly  the  membership  of  those  churches 
of  which  he  has  had  charge. 

Wheat,  Judge  Zachariah,  was  born  in  Bour- 
bon Co.,  Ky.,  July  26,  1806.  He  chose  the  law 
for  his  profession,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at 
Columbia,  Ky.,  in  1829.  He  soon  established  an 
excellent  reputation  both  for  ability  and  integrit}'. 
In  1832  he  wasappointed  Commonwealth''s  attorney, 
and  held  the  position,  excepting  a  brief  interval, 
until  1848,  when  he  was  appointed  circuit  judge 
by  Gov.  Crittenden.  In  1856  he  was  elected  one  of 
the  judges  of  the  Court  of  Appeals,  and  at  the  close 
of  his  term  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law  at  Co- 
lumbia. In  1861  he  removed  to  Shelbyville,  Ky., 
where  he  practised  until  his  death.  He  was  a  man 
of  gentle  spirit  and  great  generosity.  He  became 
a  Baptist  in  early  life,  and  was  a  devout  Christian. 
Although  never  formally  licensed  to  preach,  he 
frequently  filled  the  pulpit  acceptably  in  the 
absence  of  his  pastor. 

Wheeler,  Rev.  Edwin  JS.,  son  of  Edwin  B.  and 
Mary  A.  AVheeler,  was  born  in  Groton,  Conn.,  Aug. 
4,  1836  ;  studied  at  Hamilton  Theological  Semi- 
nary, N.  Y. ;  pastor  of  Baptist  churches  at  New 
London  and  Willimantic,  Conn.,  Rahway,  N.  J., 
Valley  Falls  and  East  Greenwich,  R.  I. ;  now 
preaching  in  latter  place ;  was  chaplain  of  80th 
U.  S.  Infantry  during  the  civil  war,  at  Port  Hud- 
son, serving  two  years  ;  has  traveled  South  and 
written  in  regard  to  Florida.        ^ 

Wheeler,  Prof.  Nelson,  was  born  in  Royalston, 
Mass.,  in  1814.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Yale  Col- 
lege in  the  class  of  1836.  After  teaching  for  a 
time  in  Townshend,  Vt.,  he  was  called  to  take  charge 
of  the  Worcester  County  High  School  in  1840. 
Here  he  performed  some  of  the  best  work  of  his 
life.  "  Several  devoted  missionaries  now  in  India, 
and  many  persons  well  known  among  us  for  use- 
fulness in  professional  and  other  callings,  have 
often  testified  to  his  formative  influence  on  their 
early  habits  and  acquirements."  His  excessive 
labors  as  principal  of  the  AV'orccster  County  High 
School  undermined  his  health,  and  he  resigned  his 
position   to  take  charge  of  the  City  Classical  and 


English  School,  where  he  remained  until  1852, 
when  he  was  elected  Professor  of  Greek  in  Brown 
University.  A  comparatively  brief  period  was 
spent  in  the  new  position  for  which  he  was  so  well 
fitted.  He  was  compelled  to  give  up  all  his  pro- 
fessional work  and  yield  to  the  attacks  of  the  in- 
sidious disease  which  at  last  removed  him  from  the 
scene  of  his  earthly  labors  to  his  reward  in  heaven. 
He  died  at  Royalston,  Aug.  25,  1855. 

Wheeler,  Osgood  C,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  is  the  pio- 
neer Baptist  pastor  of  California.  He  was  born 
at  Butler,  N.  Y.,  March  13,  1816,  converted  at  nine, 
baptized  at  fifteen,  and  worked  on  his  father's  farm 
till  he  was  twenty ;  taught  school  two  winters ; 
studied  at  Middl6burg  Academy ;  graduated  at 
Madison  University  in  1845 ;  ordained  at  East 
Greenwich,  R.  I.,  in  November;  pastor  there  two 
years,  and  built  a  church  edifice.  In  1847  became 
pastor  at  Jersey  City,  and  united  three  discordant 
bodies  into  the  Union  church.  In  1848  the  Amer- 
ican Baptist  Home  Mission  Society,  after  lie  had 
repeatedly  refused,  gained  his  consent  to  become 
its  missionary  to  California.  After  a  ninety  days" 
voyage,  he  reached  San  Francisco  Feb.  28,  1849, 
organized  a  Sunday-school  and  church  of  six  mem- 
bers, and  built  the  first  Protestant  church  edifice  in 
California  that  j'ear.  In  January,  1852,  he  re- 
moved to  Sacramento,  as  pastor  of  the  first  church 
there.  In  1855  he  was  compelled  by  throat  disease 
to  desist  from  preaching.  But  partial  recovery  has 
enabled  him  to  resunTe  this  work,  and  for  many 
years  he  has  preached  in  almost  every  part  of  the 
State,  and  as  regular  supply  to  many  of  the 
churches.  He  has  edited  and  published  the  Pa- 
cific Banner,  the  first  Baptist  paper  on  the  Pacific 
coast,  and  the  daily  Times,  and  several  large 
volumes  on  agriculture.  For  thirty  j'ears  he  has 
written  almost  continuously  for  the  press.  In 
1873,  by  appointment,  he  wrote  and  carried  through 
the  press  a  biographical  work  of  500  pages,  "  The 
First  Steamship  Pioneers."  He  was  chief  clerk  of 
the  California  Legislative  Assembly  in  1864  ;  also 
U.  S.  internal  revenue  collector ;  was  secretary 
and  manager  of  the  U.  S.  Sanitary  Commission  in 
California,  and  general  agent  of  the  Freedmen's 
Commission.  In  1871  he  was  appointed  to  take 
charge  of  a  department  in  the  Central  Pacific  Rail- 
road, and  still  retains  that  position.  In  1878  Cali- 
fornia College  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of 
D-D-.^wnd  in  July,  the  same  year,  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  the  Southwest 
Baptist  University  of  Jackson,  Tenn.  In  the  midst 
of  his  other  important  business  cares  he  preaches 
nearly  every  Lord's  day,  is  an  honored  counselor 
in  all  Baptist  enterprises,  and  a  steadfast  laborer 
for  the  upbuilding  of  the  Baptist  churches  in  Cal- 
ifornia. 

Wheelock,  Rev.  Edward  Willard,  was  born 


WHIDDEN 


11237 


WHITE 


in  Boston,  July  17,  ITW).  IIo  became  a  member  of 
the  Second  Baptist  cliurcli  in  Boston  when  he  was 
fifteen  years  of  a^e.  When  eighteen  he  became 
a  pupil  of  Rev.  Mr.  Chaplin,  of  Danvers,  after- 
wards President  Chaplin,  of  Waterville  Colleire. 
In  April,  1H17,  ho  made  application  to  tiio  Baptist  J 
Board  of  Foreign  Missions  to  be  employed  as  their  [ 
missionary.  In  this  application  he  say.s,  "  I  would  ' 
rather  be  a  missionary  of  the  Cross  than  a  king  on 
a  throne.  To  Burmah  would  I  go ;  in  Burmali  ' 
would  I  live;  in  Burmah  would  I  toil;  in  Burmali 
would  I  die  :  and  in  Burmah  would  I  be  buried."  ; 
Ilis  request  was  granted,  and  in  company  with 
James  Coleman  he  embarked  in  November,  1817, 
for  Calcutta,  and  reached  Rangoon  in  September, 
1818,  to  join  Mr.  Judson  in  Iiis  missionary  labors. 
lie  was  notdestiiuMl  to  s(>e  his  long-cherished  hopes 
gratified.  The  seeds  of  consumption  which  were 
in  him  ripened  into  a  sudden  harvest.  lie  lingered 
for  a  brief  period,  oppressed  with  sadness  that  his 
plans  were  thus  blighted.  On  a  passage  from  Cal- 
cutta to  Rangoon,  which  he  had  taken  with  the 
hope  of  being  benefited  by  a  change  of  air  and 
scene,  he  passed  into  a  state  of  delirium,  during 
which  he  threw  liimself  from  his  cabin-window 
into  the  sea  and  was  drowned.  It  was  a  grievous 
loss  to  Dr.  Judson,  who,  in  a  letter,  says  of  him  : 
"Brother  AVheelock  has  a  heavenly  spirit;  from 
my  first  acquaintance  with  him  I  had  special  hopes 
of  his  great  usefulness  iuiiong  the  natives.  But 
the  Lord  has  seen  fit  to  disappoint  our  hopes." 

Whidden,  Hon.  Charles,  was  born  in  St. 
(ioorge.  Now  Brunswick,  May  22,  1822.  The 
family  removed  to  Calais,  Me.,  in  1831,  where  he 
lived  until  the  close  of  life.  lie  was  a  graduate 
of  Waterville  College  in  the  class  of  1843.  He 
studied  law,  attending  lectures  at  the  Cambridge 
Law-School  in  1847,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1848.  He  opened  an  office  in  Calais,  where  he 
continued  to  practise  his  profession  till  his  death. 

Mr.  Whidden  occupied  a  conspicuous  place  in 
the  business  ami  politics  of  P^astern  Maine.  In 
his  own  city  he  was  mayor  for  two  years,  and  in 
his  county,  ^Vaslli^gton,  was  district  attorney  for 
twelve  years.  He  represented  Calais  two  years  in 
the  Maine  Legislature.  For  four  years  he  was 
collector  of  customs  for  Passamaquoddy  district. 
He  was  also  a  member  of  the  commission  for  defin- 
ing the  boundary-line  between  Maine  and  New 
Brunswick,  under  the  Lord  Ashburton  treaty,  and 
a  member  of  the  State  commission  for  the  equaliza- 
tion of  municipal  war  debts.  The  state  of  his  health 
obliged  him  to  decline  an  appointment  which  was 
tendered  to  him  by  Gov.  Chamberlain  as  associate 
justice  of  the  Sujireme  Court.  For  seven  years 
he  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Colby 
University.  His  death  occurred  at  Calais,  Dec.  3, 
1876. 


"  Mr.  Whidden  was  a  man  of  fine  general  ap- 
pearance and  bearing,  a  bold  and  indefatigable 
leader,  and  a  warm  and  generons  friend." 

Whidden,  Rev.  John,  after  his  conversion,  was 
baptized  and  united  with  the  Baptist  (diuroh  in 
.\ntigonish.  Nova  Scotia,  where  lie  was  ordained 
Nov.  4,  1M32.  He  labored  in  that  town  until  hi> 
death,  which  occurred  several  years  ago.  Ilis  pas- 
toral and  missionary  laliors  were  of  great  service 
to  the  cause  of  Christ  in  the  counties  of  Antigonish 
and  Guvsborough. 

Whilden,  Rev.  B.  W.,  was  born  in  Charleston. 
S.  C,  on  the  29tli  of  May,  1X19.  He  was  baptized 
by  the  elder  Dr.  Manly  in  1835,  and  licensed  to 
preach  by  the  First  church  in  lS3'.t,  and  ordained 
on  his  twenty-second  birtliilay.  He  was  jiastor  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  Camden,  S.  C,  for  four  years. 

In  1S49  he  was  sent  by  the  Southern  Baptist 
Convention  as  a  missionary  to  Canton,  China. 
About  a  year  after  his  arrival  he  lost  his  wife,  and 
returned  home  with  liis  children.  Having  acted 
for  some  time  as  agent  for  the  Foreign  Mission 
Board,  he  married  Miss  Mary  II.  Bonnette,  of 
Orangeburg,  S.  C,  and  returned  to  China,  where 
he  remained  two  years,  when  Mrs.  Whilden's  fail- 
ing sight  caused  him  to  return  a  second  time  to  his 
native  country. 

Since  that  time  he  has  preached  and  taught  in 
various  parts  of  his  native  State  and  Georgia.  He 
was  at  one  time  Professor  of  Belles-Lettres  and 
Adjunct  Professor  of  Ancient  Languages  in  Cher- 
okee College,  Ga. 

He  has  been  editorially  connected  with  several 
newspapers,  and  is  now  associate  editor  of  the  Il- 
lustrated Baptist,  and  pastor  of  several  churches  in 
South  Carolina.  He  has  two  daughters  in  China, 
Miss  Luhi  Whilden  and  Mrs.  Williams. 

White,  Rev.  Daniel,  was  born  in  1784  in  Scot- 
land ;  baptized  by  Rev.  D.  McArthur  in  1800;  came 
to  North  Carolina  in  1807,  and  established  the 
Spring  Hill  church  in  Richmond  County;  after- 
wards served  the  'Welsh  Neck  church  in  South 
Carolina,  but  returned  to  Spring  Hill,  and  spent 
most  of  his  long  and  useful  life  in  North  Carolina. 
He  preached  both  in  Gaelic  and  English,  and  was 
greatly  blessed  in  revivals  and  in  baptizing  men 
who  became  ministers  of  the  gospel.  Rev.  Duncan 
]McNoil  has  written  a  memoir  of  this  devout 
Seofelininn. 

White,  Prof.  John  B.,  well  known  in  Illinois 
as  an  educator,  was  born  at  Bow,  N.  II.,  March  10, 
1810.  His  mother  was  descended  from  the  family 
of  Carters,  distinguished  for  patriotism  in  colonial 
and  Revolutionary  times.  His  father  was  an  officer 
in  the  war  of  1812,  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  colonel. 
Mr.  White's  preparation  for  college  was  received  at 
Pembroke  Academy  and  New  Hampton  Institute, 
in  New  Hampshire.     He  graduated  at  Brown  Uni- 


WHITE 


1238 


WHITFIELD 


versity  in  1832,  having  won  especial  distinction  as 
a  scholar  in  mathematics.  His  first  service  as 
teacher  was  at  New  Hampton,  where,  in  connection 
with  other  work  of  instruction,  he  organized  and 
conducted  a  normal  class,  made  up  of  persons  pre- 
paring to  teach  ;  probably  the  first,  or  at  least  one 
of  the  first,  examples  of  a  method  of  instruction 
which  has  since  been  so  widely  adopted.  Resum- 
ing the  study  of  law,  interrupted  by  these  duties, 
Mr.  AVhite  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  removed 
to  Hlinois  in  1836,  making  his  home  at  Greenville, 
in  Bond  County.  Here  he  speedily  achieved  a 
distinction  which  caused  his  election  as  judge  of 
probate  in  1837. 

Mr.  White's  evident  sphere,  however,  was  that 
of  a  teacher.  Perhaps  a  consciousness  of  this  fact 
led  him,  in  1838,  to  accept  the  chair  of  Mathe- 
matics and  Natural  Philosophy  in  Wake  Forest 
College,  N.  C.  In  1854,  a  visit  to  Greenville,  111., 
his  former  place  of  residence,  led  to  his  return  to 
that  place,  and  to  a  successful  efibrt,  under  his  in- 
spiration and  guidance,  to  found  there  a'coUege  for 
young  women,  of  which  he  was  made  president. 
The  history  of  this  enterprise  is  given  in  another 
place.  (See  Almira  College.)  Until  a  very  recent 
date  Mr.  White  has  remained  at  the  head  of  the 
college,  carrying  the  institution  forward  success- 
fully under  cii'cumstances  of  exceptional  difliculty. 

Mr.  White  became  a  Christian  while  a  student 
of  Pembroke  Academy.  ,  It  was  while  he  was  a 
professor  in  Wake  Forest  College  that  special  cir- 
cumstances seemed  to  lay  upon  him  a  ministerial 
service,  resulting  in  his  ordination.  In  the  years 
1859  and  1860  he  served  the  church  at  Greenville 
as  its  pastor,  and  one  year  as  chaplain  of  an  Il- 
linois regiment  in  the  late  war. 

White,  Rev.  William,  was  bom  in  New  York, 
July  26,  1768.  Soon  after  his  birth  his  parents 
removed  to  Philadelphia,  where,  when  young,  he 
found  the  Saviour,  and  became  a  member  of  the 
First  Baptist  church.  About  1790  he  removed  to 
Roxborough  township,  and  by  the  Roxborough 
church  was  licensed  to  preach  in  1793,  and  in  it, 
the  following  year,  he  was  ordained.  He  became 
pastor  of  the  New  Britain  church  in  1795,  and  re- 
mained with  that  church  for  eight  yeai's.  On  Jan. 
23,  1804,  he  became  pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist 
chiirch  of  Philadelphia.  The  church  was  not  quite 
a  year  in  existence  ;  their  mecting-houso  had  just 
been  dedicated,  and  their  first  pastor  felt  the  im- 
pulse of  tiicir  bright  hopes,  and  was  encouraged  by 
their  zealous  and  united  efforts  to  spread  the  gos- 
pel. Mr.  White  was  an  eloquent  preacher,  and  a 
thinkei'' of  original  powers.  Except  Dr.  Stanghton, 
there  was  no  man  in  Philndelphia  or  in  Pennsyl- 
vania the  superior  of  the  first  pastor  of  the  Second 
church.  His  success  was  almost  unexampled  in 
Philadelphia  for  those  times.     In    thirteen   years 


lie  baptized  over  500  persons,  men  and  women  of 
intelligence,  who  remained  faithful  witnesses  for 
Jesus  during  many  subsequent  years.  The  results 
of  Mr.  White's  labors  are  felt  to  this  day  in  the  ex- 
istence and  prosperity  ofsome  of  the  largest  churches 
in  Philadelphia.  ]Mr.  White  removed  from  the 
Second  church  in  1S17,  and  for  some  years  gave 
up  preaching.  In  1822  he  became  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Lancaster,' 0.  ;  subsequently  he  was  pas- 
tor of  the  churches  of  Mud'dy  Prairie  and  Chilli- 
cothe.  He  died  Feb.  14,  1843,  in  his  seventy-fifth 
year. 

Mr.  White  was  the  author  of  a  work  on  baptism 
called  "  Christian  Baptism,  exhibiting  Various 
Proofs  that  the  Immersion  of  Believers  in  Water 
is  the  Only  Baptism."  He  had  also  gathered  a 
large  amount  of  matter  for  a  history  of  the  Bap- 
tists of  the  United  States,  which  was  destroyed  by 
the  fire  which  nearly  burned  down  Chiliicothe. 
The  Hon.  S.  S.  Cox,  a  member  of  Congress  from 
New  York  City,  is  a  grandson  of  Mr.  White. 

White,  Rev.  W.  J.  (colored),  pastor  of  the 
Harmony  Baptist  church  of  Augusta,  Ga.,  is  one 
of  the  most  intelligent,  useful,  and  hard-working 
colored  ministers  of  the  State.  He  was  baptized, 
and  united  with  the  Springfield  Baptist  church  of 
I  Augusta,  Oct.  7,  1855.  He  was  licensed  to  preach 
I  in  1862,  and  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  April  1, 
1866.  In  1859  he  organized  a  Sunday-school,  which 
he  superintended  until  1868;  when,  with  a  few  others, 
he  formed  the  Harmonf  church,  to  the  pastorate  of 
which  he  was  called  in  July  of  that  year.  The 
I  Sunday-school  he  instituted  belongs  to  the  church 
I  of  which  he  is  pastor.  He  has  taken  an  active  part 
in  the  organization  of  the  colored  Baptists  of  Geor- 
gia since  the  war.  He  was  elected  treasurer  of 
the  State  Convention  when  it  was  formed  in  1870, 
a  post  to  which  he  has  been  annually  re-elected 
since.  For  years  he  has  been  treasurer  of  the 
Shiloh  Association,  and  for  a  year  and  a  half  he 
was  missionary  agent  of  the  State  Convention,  re- 
signing on  account  of  ill  health.  When  the  Col- 
ored Georgia  Baptist  Sunday-School  Convention 
was  established  at  Macon,  in  1872,  he  was  elected 
its  president,  and  held  the  position  for  several  years. 
At  present  he  is  the  corresponding  secretary  of  both 
the  Missionary  Baptist  Convention  and  the  State 
Sunday-School  Convention  of  Georgia,  and  fills  these 
positions  with  great  ability  and  success. 

Whiteside,  James,  as  the  son  of  one  of  the 
earliest  settlers  of  Illinois,  from  whom  the  county 
of  Whiteside  receives  its  name,  and  himself  one  of 
the  oldest  citizens  of  jNIadison  County,  as  well  as 
for  his  personal  worth,  should  have  a  brief  memo- 
rial here.  He  was  born  near  Troy.  111.,  and  died 
at  that  place  Jan.  30,  1868.  aged  sixty-three.  He 
was  a  useful  and  influential  man. 

Whitfield,  Theo.,    D.D.,  was   born   in   Missis- 


WHITING 


1239 


WHITSITT 


sippi ;  graduated  at  Clia|iel  Hill,  N.  C,  in  1854  ; 
studied  theology  at  Newton,  Mass.  ;  was  at  one 
time  principal  of  a  blind  asylum  in  Mississippi ; 
was  Professor  of  Greek  in  the  University  of  Mis- 
souri ;  editor  of  Baptist  paper  at  Meridian,  Miss. ; 
came  to  Charlotte,  N.  C,  as  pastor  in  1^74,  where 
he  still  remains  ;  was  made  a  D.I),  hy  Wake  Forest 
<j'()lleg(^  in  isys. 

Whiting,  Charles,  D.D.,  the.  present  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Canton,  111.,  one  of  the 
largest  and  most  prosperous  in  the  State,  was  born 
in  Boston,  Mass.,  Feb.  24,  1S.3().  When  he  was 
seven  years  of  ago  his  father  removed  to  Missouri, 
where  he  received  hi.s  education  through  private 
tutors.  He  entered  the  Baptist  ministry  in  1860, 
when  he  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Dover 
Baptist  church.  His  subsequent  pastorates  have 
been  at  Boonville  and  Springfield,  Mo.,  Fort  Scott, 
Kansas,  Quincy,  111.  (First  church),  and  his  pres- 
ent one  at  Canton.  He  has  held  strongly  the  re- 
gard of  his  people  on  these  various  fields,  and  has 
won  distinction  both  as  preacher  and  lecturer. 

Whitman,  Rev.  S.  S.,  a  native  of  Shaftsbury, 
Vt.,  was  converted  and  baptized  at  the  age  of 
twelve  years.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Hamilton. 
lie  also  studied  theology  at  Andover,  and  gradu- 
ated from  Newton  Theological  Seminary  in  1827. 
He  was  one  of  the  three  students  that  formed  its 
lirst  class.  Dr.  Barnas  Sears,  recently  deceased, 
was  another  of  the  three.  Immediately  upon  his 
graduation  from  Newton,  Mr.  Whitman  was  called 
to  the  chair  of  Biblical  Interpretation  in  Hamilton 
Theological  Institute.  He  held  this  position  seven 
years  with  great  ability.  lie  was  compelled  to  re- 
tire from  this  work  on  account  of  the  almost  entire 
failure  of  his  health.  In  1836  he  accepted  a  call 
to  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Bel- 
videre.  111.,  an  infant  church  of  fourteen  members, 
located  in  a  field  entirely  new.  Here  he  remained 
ten  years,  building  up  one  of  the  largest  and  most 
efficient  churches  in  the  Northwest,  a  church  re- 
maining to  tliis  day  of  great  power  and  usefulness. 
With  health  utterly  broken  down,  ho  resigned  the 
care  of  the  church,  and  for  several  years  retired 
from  all  active  labor.  In  June,  18.')1,  with  health 
somewhat  restored,  he  took  charge  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Madison,  Wis.  His  w<n-k  here  was  of 
the  briefest  character,  but  awakened  the  highest 
hopes  of  the  church  and  community.  He  died 
Jan.  2,  1852,  having  served  the  church  about  eight 
months. 

He  was  a  minister  of  the  highest  culture  and  of 
entire  consecration  to  his  work.  His  daily  life 
exhibited  the  loveliest  traits  of  the  Christian  char- 
acter. He  filled  every  position  with  honor.  As 
a  professor,  he  attained  the  highest  rank;  as  a 
preacher,  he  attracted  crowds  to  his  faithful  pre- 
sentation of  gospel  truth,  and  built   up  from  the 


foundation  a  church  of  great  strength.  As  a  pa.s- 
tor,  he  was  gentle,  winning,  and  faithful,  and  suc- 
cess attended  all  his  work.  He  has  left  a  memory 
sacredly  cherished  by  multitudes  in  Northern  Illi- 
nois and  Southern  Wisconsin. 

Whitsitt,  Rev.  James,  was  Ijorn  in  Amherst 
Co.,  Va.,  Jim.  •'!  1 ,  1771,  and  educated  in  the  Epis- 
copal (.'liurcii,  then  the  established  church  of  Vir- 
ginia. 

In  the  year  17>!9  he  made  a  profession  of  religion, 
and  was  baptized  by  Kev.  Joseph  Anthony,  an 
earnest  Baptist  minister.  He  entered  at  once  with 
great  zeal  into  the  revival  then  prevailing,  not  only 
praying  and  exhorting,  but  appointing  and  conduct- 
ing meetings;  and  so  acceptable  were  his  efiforts  that, 
within  a  few  weeks,  the  church  gave  him  a  formal 
license  to  preach  the  gospel. 

In  the  year  1790  he  removed  to  Davidson  Co.. 
Tenn.,  then  almost  a  wilderness.  The  history  of 
.Mr.  Whitsitt's  labors  would  be  substantially  the 
history  of  the  Baptists  in  the  Cumberland  Valley. 
His  co-laborers  were  Dillahunty,  McConnico,  and 
others, — all  men  of  decided  power,  and  eminently 
fitted  to  do  good  service  as  pioneers  in  the  cause 
of  Christ. 

He  took  the  pastoral  charge  of  four  churches, — 
Mill  Creek,  Concord,  Rockspring,  and  Providence. 
He  continued  his  labors  with  these  churches  from 
thirty  to  forty  years,  up  to  the  time  that  the  in- 
firmities of  age  compelled  him  to  circumscribe  his 
cflbrts  and  remain  mostly  at  home. 

Mr.  Whitsitt  was  present  at  the  organization  of 
the  Mero  District,  the  first  Association  formed  in 
the  Cumberland  Valley.  In  this,  and  others  of 
which  he  was  subsequently  a  member,  his  influence 
was  paramount.  This  Association  originally  in- 
cluded all  the  churches  in  Tennessee  west  of  the 
mountains. 

His  connection  with  it  continued  until  the  forma- 
tion of  the  Cumberland  Association,  to  which  his 
churches  were  transferred,  and  he,  of  course,  went 
with  them.  Afterwards  the  (\)ncord  Association 
was  formed,  which  included  the  churches  of  Mr. 
W'hitsitt:  with  it  he  remained  to  the  day  of  his 
death.  He  always  attended  the  annual  meetings 
of  these  Associations  whih;  his  health  would  per- 
mit. 

He  resigned  his  charge  at  Mill  Creek  and.  having 
obtained  a  letter  of  dismission,  joined  the  First 
church  in  Nashville,  with  which  he  remained  till 
the  close  of  his  life.  Meanwhile  he  continued  to 
|)reach  in  diflferent  churches,  as  his  health  would 
permit. 

The  summer  and  autumn  previous  to  his  decease 
he  supplie<l  the  pulpit  of  the  Second  church  in 
Xashville,  in  the  absence  of  the  pastor,  most  of  the 
time ;  and,  in  addition  to  this,  preached  funeral 
sermons,  and  performed  otlier  occasional  services 


WHITSITT 


1240 


[BERG 


at  the  houses  of  friends  in  the  neighborhood,  lie 
also  wrote  many  articles  for  the  religious  press, 
some  of  which  were  decidedly  among  his  best  pro- 
ductions. On  the  second  Lord's  day  in  October, 
1848,  he  was  with  his  church  in  Nashville,  at  their 
communion.  Ilis  address  on  that  occasion  was 
peculiarly  affecting.  "  And  ftow,  brethren  and 
sisters,  farewell.  We  shall  meet  no  more  upon 
oartli.  This  is  our  last  ihterview.  I  am  old  and 
rapidly  sinking.  The  winter  is  almost  upon  us, 
during  which  I  cannot  visit  you,  and  before  the 
spring  comes  I  shall  die.  Farewell."  Tliis  was, 
indeed,  his  last  meeting  with  them.  lie  died  in 
perfect  peace  on  the  12th  of  April,  1849,  in  the 
seventy-ninth  year  of  his  age. 

As  a  minister  of  the  gospel,  he  held  a  very  high 
rank.  His  sermons  were  always  able,  and  bad  the 
appearance  of  being  elaborately  prepared.  Mr. 
Whitsitt's  conceptions  were  clear  and  accurate. 
The  reasoning  faculty  was  of  unusual  strength, 
and  no  metaphysical  subtleties  ever  confused  him. 
In  the  latter  part  of  his  life  his  sermon's  became 
less  argumentative  and  more  practical.  He  was 
also  occasionally  intensely  pathetic,  and  the  effect 
of  his  utterances  at  such  times  was  well-nigh  over- 
whelming. He  was  the  uniform  and  earnest  friend 
of  missions,  and  had  a  primary  agency  in  origina- 
ting and  sustaining  the  missionary  operations  of 
our  State. 

Whitsitt,  William  Heth,  D.D.,  Professor  of 
Biblical  Introduction  and  Ecclesiastical  History 
in  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary, 
was  born  near  Nashville,  Tenn.,  Nov.  25,  1841. 
He  entered  Union  University  in  1857,  from  which 
he  graduated  in  1861.  The,  same  year  he  entered 
the  Confederate  army  as  a  private,  was  soon 
afterwai'ds  promoted  to  the  chaplaincy',  and  served 
in  that  capacity  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He 
was  twice  captured,  and  was  confined  in  different 
military  prisons  about  twelve  months.  In  1866 
he  entered  the  University  of  Virginia,  and  in  1867 
the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  re- 
maining at  the  latter  two  years.  In  18G9  he  went 
to  Europe,  where  he  speiit  over  tWo  years  in  study 
at  Leipsic  and  Berlin.  On  liis  return  to  America, 
he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Albany,  Ga.,  in  February,  1872.  In  September  of 
the  same  year  he  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his 
present  position,  when  he  delivered  his  inaugural 
address,  entitled  "  The  Relation  of  Baptists  to  Cul- 
ture," which  was  published  in  the  Baptist  Quar- 
terly. In  1878  he  published  a  pamphlet  on  the 
"History  of  the  Rise  of  Infant  Baptism,"  and  an- 
other, on  "The  History  of  (^oiiununion  among 
Baptists,"  in  1880. 

Wiberg,  Rev.  Andreas,  was  born  in  1816,  near 
lludiksvall,  in  the  northeastern  part  of  Sweden. 
When  he  was  fourteen  years  of  age,  his  mind  was 


deeply  impressed  in  consequence  of  his  escape 
from  death  by  drowning,  and  he  felt  the  impor- 
tance of  being  pi-eparcd  to  die.  This  impression 
was  followed  by  a  desire  to  do  something  to  prove 


REV.    A.NUKKAS     WIHEUG. 

the  sincerity  of  his  gratifude  to  God  for  his  deliver- 
ance. He  entered  the  University  of  Upsala  in 
1835,  and  studied  four  years.  Although  for  a  time 
under  the  influence  of  skeptical  opinions,  he  at  last 
emerged  from  his  spiritual  darkness,  and  became  a 
hopeful  Christian.  He  was  set  apart  as  a  priest 
in  the  state  church  in  1843.  Having  doubts  about 
the  propriety  of  admitting  unconverted  persons  to 
the  Lord's  table,  he  left  his  work  as  a  priest  for  ti 
season,  and  was  occupied  for  two  years  in  trans- 
lating and  publishing  some  of  Luther's  works,  and 
in  the  editorial  cliarge  of  a  paper  called  The  Evan- 
gelist. During  this  time  be  was  brought  into  con- 
nection with  some  Christians  in  the  north  of  Swe- 
den who  held  views  similar  to  his  own,  and  the 
sympathy  which  he  expressed  for  these  brethren 
led  to  his  being  the  subject  of  persecution. 

i\Ir.  Wilierg  visited  Hamburg  in  the  spring  of 
1851 ,  and  made  the  acquaintance  of  Mr.  Oncken,  and 
saw  the  workings  of  the  Baptist  church  under  his 
pastoral  charge.  It  was  not  long  before  his  views 
on  the  subject  and  mode  of  baptism  underwent  a 
change,  and  he  was  baptized  at  the  island  of  Amager, 
near  Copenhagen,  July  '-3, 1852.  by  Rev.  Mr.  Nilson. 
He  was  then  on  his  way  ti>  New  York.  Arriving  in 
this  country,  he  was  brought  into  connection  with 
the  Baptists  of  that  city,  and  for  a  time  labored 
as  colporteur  of  the  American  Baptist  Pubcliation 


WIER 


1241 


WIGUTMAN 


Society  among  seamon.  Before  leaving  Sweden  Mr. 
Wiberg  had  written  a  book  on  baptism.  This  book 
had  been  published  and  circulated  in  Sweden,  and 
scores  and  hundreds  of  persona  were  beginning  to 
be  shaken  in  their  views  of  the  sut)ject.  Those  who 
embraced  Baptist  sentiments  were  at  once  subjected 
to  severe  persecutions,  but  the  work  went  on,  and 
multitudes  were  brought  to  accept  the  "faith  once 
delivered  to  the  saints."  The  Publication  Society 
decided  to  establish  a  system  of  colportage  in 
Sweden,  and  to  place  Mr.  Wiberg  at  its  head.  Mr. 
Wiberg  sailed  from  this  country  the  Sth  of  Sep- 
tember, 1855,  find  on  reaching  Sweden  at  once  com- 
menced his  labors.  IIow  earnest  and  how  successful 
these  labors  have  been  may  be  seen  in  the  history 
of  the  mission  to  Sweden.  Twenty-six  years  have 
passed  since  Mr.  AViberg  landed  at  Stockholm. 
During  that  time,  with  the  blessing  of  God  on  his 
work,  and  that  of  the  hundreds  of  earnest  disciples 
of  Christ  who  have  l)een  associated  witli  him,  what 
was  the  "  little  one"  has  literally  become  '•  a  thou- 
sand." The  Baptists  in  Sweden  numlter  about 
20,000,  and  still  the  work  goes  steadily  and  hope- 
fully on.  To  have  been  a  co-worker  with  God  in 
bringing  about  such  results  might  well  gratify  the 
desires  of  any  large-hearted  Christian. 

Wier,  Deacon  Stephen  M.,  was  bom  in  Glas- 
tonbury, Conn.,  March  25,  1814;  trained  on  a 
farm  and  in  rural  schools ;  converted  under  the 
preaching  of  Ilev.  Rolin  II.  Neale,  D.I).,  and  bap- 
tized by  him  in  1836  ;  always  been  an  active 
Baptist;  at  the  age  of  forty  became  a  manufac- 
turer ;  successful  amid  all  changes  and  losses ; 
served  as  one  of  the  selectmen  of  the  town  ;  two 
years  on  the  board  of  education  ;  four  years  a  mem- 
ber of  the  common  council ;  one  year  as  alderman  ; 
twice  chosen  deacon  ;  a  numlier  of  years  super- 
intendent of  the  Sunday-school ;  a  strong,  stead}- 
worker. 

Wightman,  Edward,  of  Burton-upon-Trent, 
England,  was  accused  before  the  bishop  of  Lich- 
field and  Coventry,  and  on  the  14th  of  December, 
1611,  was  condemned  of  numerous  heresies.  The 
only  charges  of  supj)osed  false  doctrine  against  Mr. 
Wightman,  about  the  truth  of  which  there  was  no 
doubt,  were  that  he  believed  "  the  baptism  of  in- 
fants to  be  an  abominable  custom  ;  that  the  Lord's 
Supper  and  baptism  should  not  be  celebrated  as 
they  are  now  practised  in  the  Church  of  England  ; 
.tnd  that  Christianity  is  not  wholly  professed  and 
preached  in  the  Church  of  England,  but  only  in 
part." 

For  these  shocking  doctrines  the  gentle  Richard, 
Episcopal  shepherd  of  Lichfield  and  Coventry,  de- 
livered Mr.  Wightman  to  the  secular  power,  ac- 
cording to  the  custom  of  the  Inquisition,  to  be 
burned  alive.  And  James  I.,  who  could  not  bear 
the  sight  of  a  naked  sword,  and  who  had  just 
79 


issued  the  present  versi(m  of  the  Scriptures,  ordered 
our  noble  Baptist  brother  to  be  committed  to  the 
flames.  His  body  was  reduced  to  ashes  on  the 
11th  of  April,  1612,  at  Lichfield.  And  he  died  so 
cheerfully  that  he  gathered  a  harvest  of  glory  from 
the  blazing  fagots  that  consumed  his  body,  and 
from  the  same  fierce  flames  .James  reaped  a  harvest 
of  infamy,  which  stopped  all  future  fiery  sacrifices 
during  his  r(Mgn. 

Wightman,  Rev.  Frederick,  son  of  Jobn  and 

Sarah  ((Ireene)  Wightman.  was  born  in  Warwick, 
II.  I.,  April  11,  1779;  baptized  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  Coventry  Baptist  church  by  Ilev.  Charles 
Stone  in  May,  ISOI  ;  had  deep  experiences  ;  began 
preaching  in  1802-3;  settled  in  Ashford,  Conn.; 
ordained  in  September,  1807,  and  labored  with 
large  success  for  eleven  years;  removed  in  1817  to 
Middlctown  (now  Cromwell),  Conn.,  and  preached 
fifteen  years;  in  1832  settled  with  the  First  Bap- 
tist church  in  East  Lyme.  Conn.,  and  was  emi- 
nently successful ;  returned  to  Cromwell  church 
for  two  years  ;  then  three  years  with  the  church  in 
Iladdam  ;  then  in  Wethersfield  ;  then  three  years 
with  Secoml  church  in  East  Lyme  ;  everywhere 
prospered  ;  preached  forty  years  ;  delivered  over 
7000  sermons;  greatly  interested  in  missions; 
sound  in  doctrine:  fervent  in  spirit;  foremost 
among  his  brethren ;  died  in  Cromwell,  Conn., 
Oct.  5,  1856,  aged  seventy-seven. 

"Wightman,  Rev.  John  Gano,  youngest  son  of 

llcv.  Timothy  and  Mary  (Stoddard)  AViglitman, 
was  born  in  (Jroton,  Conn.,  Aug.  16,  1766.  He 
was  baptized  into  the  First  Baptist  church  in  his 
native  town  in  1797,  and  succeeded  his  father  in 
the  pastorate  of  the  church,  receiving  ordination 
Aug.  13,  1800.  Like  his  grandfather,  Valentine, 
and  his  father.  Timothy,  he  was  distinguished  for 
solid  and  practical,  rather  than  glittering,  quali- 
ties;  hence  the  abiding  results  of  his  ministry. 
Of  a  susceptible  and  ingenuous  nature,  of  fervent 
and  consistent  piety,  of  goodly  personal  appear- 
ance and  bearing,  he  won  a  high  rank  in  the  coun- 
cils and  associations  of  the  Baj)tist  denomination. 
In  executive  positions  he  was  composed,  ready, 
impartial,  dignified.  To  an  attack  made  on  his 
church  by  the  Rogerine  Quakers,  in  a  pamphlet 
entitled  "The  Battle-Axe,"  he  simply  replied, 
"  The  axe  will  cut  farther  backward  than  forward," 
which  proved  to  be  true.  His  surviving  writings 
are  found  in  "Circular  Letters,"  prepared  for  the 
Stonington  Union  Association,  and  a  sermon  on 
the  death  of  Adams  and  Jefl^erson.  Like  his  pre- 
decessors, he  was  a  stanch  advocate  of  religious 
liberty.  His  influence  was  felt  in  securing  a 
change  in  the  constitution  of  the  State  indorsing 
the  principles  of  liberty  first  introduced  into  the 
colony  liy  his  grandfather.  Not  less  than  ten  sea- 
sons of  revival  were  experienced  under  liis  minis- 


WIG  HTM  AN 


1242 


WIG  HTM  AX 


try,  some  of  them  powerful  and  wide-spread,  and 
the  parent  church  sent  out  its  branch — the  Third 
Baptist  church  in  Groton — in  1831.  He  died  July 
13,  1841,  in  the  seventy-fifth  year  of  his  age,  and 
lifter  a  ministry  to  the  church  which  his  father 
served  of  forty-one  years.  Ilis  body  was  laid  in 
the  church-yard  Ijy  the  side  of  his  father. 

Wightman,  Rev.  Joseph  Colver,  was  born  in 

Groton,  Conn.,  Jan.  3,  1828.  He  pursued  his  pre- 
paratory studies  at  the  Suffield  Literary  Institute, 
and  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  the  class  of 
1852.  lie  was  at  Newton  three  years.  His  ordi- 
nation took  place  April  15,  1857,  and  he  was  pas- 
tor of  the  South  Abington,  Mass.,  church  one  year, 
and  of  the  church  in  Middleton,  Conn.,  four  years. 
For  one  year  he  was  chaplain  in  a  regiment  of 
U.  S.  Volunteers,  then  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  New  London,  Conn.,  where  he  remained  three 
years.  From  New  London  he  went  to  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  where  he  remained  two  years.  He  acted  as 
district  secretary  of  the  American  Biljle  Union  for 
one  year,  and  then  returned  to  the  pastorate,  ac- 
cepting a  call  to  the  church  in  Taunton,  Mass.,  in 
1873,  where  he  now  continues  to  preach. 

Wightman,  Stillman  K.,  A.M.,  only  child  of 

Rev.  Frederick  Wightman,  was  born  in  Rhode 
Island  in  1803  ;  much  of  his  life  spent  in  Middle- 
town,  Conn.  ;  graduated  from  Yale  College  in 
1825 ;  member  of  the  State  Legislature  from  1835 
to  1842,  and  for  thi-ee  year«  Speaker  of  the  house ; 
baptized  in  1852  by  Rev.  Spencer  II.  Cone,  D.D., 
and  united  with  the  First  Baptist  church  in  New 
York  City,  where  he  yet  remains ;  has  attained 
eminence  in  the  legal  profession ;  has  occupied 
prominent  positions  upon  the  board  of  the  Ameri- 
can Baptist  Home  Mission  Society;  his  judgment 
and  counsel  are  sought  and  prized ;  a  man  wearing 
and  deserving  honors. 

Wightman,  Rev.  Timothy,  son  of  Rev.  Valen- 
tine and  Susanna  (Holmes)  Wiglitnian,  was  born 
in  Groton,  Conn.,  Nov.  20,  1719.  In  1754  he  suc- 
ceeded his  father  in  the  pastoral  care  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  Groton,  though  he  modestly 
refused  ordination  until  May  20,  1756.  The  early 
part  of  his  ministry  was  niade  laborious  by  the 
upheaval  of  affairs  in  tlie  State  by  the  Separa- 
tists from  the  standing  order;  but  he  was  equal 
to  the  enu'rgenc3\  The  Separate  movement  was 
especially  strong  in  Eastern  Cminecticut,  and  in  the 
whole  State  about  forty  Separate  churches  were 
formed.  Most  of  these  Separatists  finajly  became 
Baptists.  Mr.  Wightman  was  also  tried  by  the 
erratic  ideas  and  practices  of  a  band  of  Rogeriiie 
Quakers  that  aimed  at  times  to  disturb  his  meet- 
ings; but  his  serenity  and  good  judgment  foiled 
their  designs.  His  ministry  also  extended  tlirough 
the  stormy  period  of  the  Revolution,  in  which  he 
nobly  acted  the  part  of  a  patriot.    He  was  a  plain, 


fearless,  discreet,  faithful  preacher,  and  a  thor- 
oughly good  man,  like  his  honored  father  before 
him. 

Mr.  Wightman's  ministry  was  marked  by  revivals; 
in  17G4  more  than  thirty  were  added  to  the  church, 
and  in  the  following  year  was  formed  the  second 
Baptist  church  in  the  town  ;  in  1775  nearly  forty 
were  added,  and  a  church  was  formed  in  North 
Groton;  in  1784  eiglrty-four  were  added;  another 
revival  occurred  in  1780-87.  Like  a  Jewish 
priestly  family,  the  Wightmans,  in  every  genera- 
tion, have  had  their  distinguished  preachers.  Tim- 
othy died  Nov.  14,  1796,  in  his  seventy-eighth  year,, 
and  after  a  ministry  of  forty-two  years,  the  exact 
period  of  his  father's  pastorate.  He  was  buried  in 
the  church-yard  by  the  side  of  his  father.  His 
epitaph  might  read,  Modest,  solid  worth.  Rev. 
Reuben  Palmer  preached  his  funeral  discourse. 

Wightman,  Rev.  Valentine,  the  first  Baptist 
minister  in  Connecticut,  was  born  in  North  King- 
ston, R.  I.,  in  1681.  He  was  a,  descendant  of 
Edward  AVightman,  the  Baptist,  who  was  burned 
for  heresy  at  Lichfield,  England,  in  1G12.  His 
father  was  one  of  five  brothers  who  came  to  this 
country,  all  of  whom  were  Baptists, — two  were 
preachers,  two  deacons,  and  one  a  private  member. 
Valentine  was  ordained  in  Rhode  Island  ;  removed 
to  Groton,  Conn.,  in  1705,  and  planted  the  First 
Baptist  church, — the  first  in  the  town  and  the  first 
in  the  State ;  he  afterwards  assisted  Rev.  Nicholas 
Eyres,  from  1712  to  171#,  in  planting  the  first  Bap- 
tist church  in  the  city  and  State  of  New  York  ;  wiis 
a  well-educated  and  scholarly  man.;  was  a  mission- 
ary throughout  Eastern  Connecticut ;  aided  in 
planting  churches  in  Stonington,  Waterford,  and 
Lj'me ;  wrote  a  tract  in  defense  of  orderly  and 
trained  singing ;  had  the  famous  debate,  June  7, 
1727,  at  Lyme,  with  R&v.  John  Bulkley,  of  Col- 
chester, the  champion  of  the  standing  order,  in 
which  it  is  conceded  that  Mr.  Wightman  was  the 
victor  ;  both  parties  afterwards  published  their  de- 
bates in  volumes  ;  the  heads  of  discussion  were  (1) 
The  Subjects  of  Baptism.  (2)  The  Mode  of  Baptiz- 
ing, (3)  The  Maintenance  of  Gospel  Ministers.  Mr. 
Wightman's  writings  show  that  he  was  a  student 
of  the  Scriptures  and  of  the  patristic  writings, 
with  a  well-balanced  mind,  of  calm  but  decided 
spirit,  of  souiul  judgment,  clear  convictions,  warm 
heart,  plain  and  transparent  spcecli,  a  wise  man  in 
laying -"foundations.  He  was  married  to  Susanna 
Holmes  Feb.  10,  1703,  and  left  descendants,  who 
have  been  honored  in  the  ministry  to  this  day. 
After  the  scenes  and  labors  of  tlie  Great  Awaken- 
ing, in  which  he  labored  and  rejoiced,  he  died  June 
9,  1747.  at  the  age  of  sixty-sis,  and  after  a  minis- 
try of  forty-two  years.  His  name  will  endure  on 
the  roll  of  the  fathers  that  opened  the  wilderness 
and,   in   the   name   of  the  Lord,  laid  the  goodly 


WILCOX 


1243 


WILDMAN 


foundations  upon  which  succeedinj;  freneriitions 
have  joyfully  huilt.    His  grave  is  in  Groton,  Conn. 

Wilcox,  Rev.  Asa,  of  Westerly,  R.  I.,  successor 
of  Kev.  Isaiiih  Wilcox,  was  ordained  Feb.  18,  1802; 
a  man  of  culture  in  his  day,  and  ready  with  his 
pen  ;  labored  as  an  evangelist;  removed  to  Connec- 
ticut: successful  and  honored;  died  in  Colchestei', 
Conn.,  in  1832;  his  remains  removed  to  Esse.x, 
Conn.,  one  of  his  fields  of  labor,  and  laid  by  the 
side  of  the  IJaptist  church. 

Wilcox,  Rev.  Isaiah,  of  Westerly,  R.  I.,  was 
baptized  in  February,  176*3;  ordained  Feb.  14, 
1771  ;  was  the  first  pastor  of  the  church  organized 
in  1765,  and  known  as  the  Wilcox  church,  a  fruit 
of  the  Great  Awakening ;  large  man,  with  splen- 
did voice;  an  able  preacher  in  his  day  ;  under  his 
ministry  a  revival,  beginning  in  178.5,  continuing 
through  nearly  three  years,  added  more  than  200 
to  the  church.  lie  died  INIarch  3,  1795,  at  the  age 
of  fifty-five. 

Wilder,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Buckland, 
Franklin  Co.,  Mass.,  March  31,  1819.     In  his  sev- 


REV.    «II.1.IAM     WILDER. 

enteenth  year  he  was  converted,  and  united  with 
the  Presbyterian  Church,  in  the  faith  of  which  he 
had  been  educated  by  his  parents.  Three  years 
later  his  attention  was  called  to  the  subject  of  bap- 
tism. After  an  earnest  and  patient  examination, 
he  \vas  surprised  to  learn  that  sprinkling  was  never 
alluded  to  as  baptism  in  the  Word  of  God,  and  that 
infants  were  not  mentioned  as  subjects  of  bn]i- 
tism,  but  that  l)elievers  only  received  the  ordinance 
from  apostolic  hands.     He  united  with  the  Baptist 


Ciiurch  in  Seiitemlier,  1841,  and  the  same  year  en- 
tered the  academic  department  of  Madison  Univer- 
sity, N.  Y.  He  graduated  in  1846,  and  studied  a 
year  in  the  theological  seminary.  In  1847  he  set- 
tled as  pastor  in  Baltimore,  Md.  In  1850  removed 
to  New  Britain,  I'a.,  where  lie  remained  as  pastur 
until  1854,  when  he  I)ecame  pastor  of  the  Upland 
church,  and  continued  with  it  about  eleven  years. 
In  1865  ho  settled  with  the  Olivet  church,  Phila- 
delphia, and  in  18G9  with  the  First  church.  Bridge- 
ton,  N.  J.  In  1871  he  removed  to  Minneapolis, 
Minn.,  having  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  First 
Avenue  Baptist  church.  In  1874  became  pastor 
of  the  First  church  at  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa.  In  the 
midst  of  a  prosperous  pastorate  he  was  enfeebled 
by  a  severe  and  protracted  sickness,  and  resigned. 
He  was  for  a  year  financial  secretary  of  the  Iowa 
Baptist  State  Convention.  In  1877  he  became  pas- 
tor of  the  church  at  Hampton,  Iowa,  where  he  now 
resides.  He  has  shared  largely  in  the  general  work 
of  the  denomination.  For  twelve  years  he  was  on 
the  board  of  the  American  Baptist  Publication  So- 
ciety, and  during  this  entire  time  was  one  of  the 
committee  on  publications.  Mr.  Wilder  possesses 
scholarly  culture,  deep  piety,  great  modesty,  and 
every  fitness  for  usefulness. 

Wildman,  Rev.  Daniel,  son  of  Capt.  Daniel 
Wildman,  was  born  in  Danljury,  Conn.,  Dec.  10, 
1764;  subject  of  convictions  when  young;  deeply 
wrought  upon  and  converted  when  about  twenty- 
two  years  of  age;  for  a  time  a  school-teacher  ;  li- 
censed to  preach  by  the  Baptist  church  in  Danbury. 
in  1791,  at  the  age  of  twenty-seven;  commenced 
his  ministerial  labors  at  Plymouth,  Conn.,  where  he 
continued  until  1796,  when  he  removed  to  Wolcott, 
where  he  was  ordained,  and  remained  two  years; 
in  1798  removed  to  Bristol,  where  his  toils  resulted 
in  the  erection  of  a  nn^eting-house  and  in  greatly 
enlarging  the  church;  in  1804  he  settled  in  Mid- 
dletown,  and  was  favored  with  a  revival ;  in  1805 
gave  a  part  of  his  time  to  Suffield  (First  church), 
as  he  was  now  in  the  zenith  of  his  strength  ;  in  ISOf) 
returneil  to  Bristol,  and  labored  about  twelve  years  ; 
thence  to  Stratfield,  and  toiled  about  three  years; 
thence  to  Bristol  again,  and  yet  again  to  Strat- 
field  at  times;  in  1820  preached  half  the  time  in 
Carmel,  N.  Y.,  and  baptized  about  300  persons ; 
spent  a  few  years  in  Licking  Co.,  0. ;  in  1826  re- 
turned to  Connecticut;  settled  with  the  church  in 
New  London  for  three  years;  in  one  year  received 
seventy  members  ;  afterwards  served  churches  in 
Russell,  Mass.,  Meriden,  Conn.,  First  church  in 
Norwich,  and  church  in  Andover;  died  in  Leba- 
non, Conn.,  Feb.  21, 1849,  aged  eighty-five  ;  devout, 
able,  beloved  man. 

WUdman,  Rev.  Nathan,  son  of  Rev.  Daniel 

Wildman,  was  born  in  Bristol,  Conn.,  Feb.  22. 
1796  ;  converted  at  the  age  of  eighteen  ;  commenced 


}VIL  Hoir 


1244 


WILKINSON 


his  ministry  at  the  ixge  of  twenty-five  ;  pastor  at 
Weston,  Suffield,  New  London,  Waterford,  Leba- 
non, Plainville,  and  in  other  fields  ;  an  earnest  and 
impressive  preacher;  tender  and  melting  in  his 
appeals  ;  often  called  to  labor  in  revivals ;  pecu- 
liarly gifted  in  prayer;  skilled  in  pastoral  visiting; 
during  his  ministry  baptized  more  than  800  per- 
sons ;  married  a  daughter  of  Rev.  Mr.  Darrow,  of 
Waterford  :  his  only  daughter  is  wife  of  Ilev.  Jacob 
Gardner;  died  at  Plainfield,  Conn.,  Feb.  16,  1859, 
beloved  by  all  who  knew  him. 

Wilhoit,  Rev.  Fielding-,  was  bom  April  14, 

1799,  in  Kentucky;  removed  with  his  father  to 
Missouri  in  1818.  He  was  converted  and  com- 
menced preaching  in  1826.  He  labored  in  eleven 
counties  in  Central  Missouri,  and  over  4000  were 
converted  under  his  ministry,  most  of  whom  were 
baptized  by  himself,  and  among  them  S.  H.  Ford, 
LL.D.,  the  late  T.  C.  Harris,  and  Robert,  who  is 
still  a  standard-bearer  in  the  ministry  of  Missouri. 
He  aided  in  organizing  the  General  Association,  and 
was  several  years  the  moderator.  He  was  the  co- 
laborer  of  Doyle,  Flood,  FristoS,  and  Thomas.  To 
A.  P.  Williams  he  was  the  Apnllos  in  revival  meet- 
ings.    He  died  in  November,  1872. 

Wilhoit,  Stephen,  was-  born  in  Mercer  Co., 
Ivy.  He  removed  to  Missouri  in  1819,  and  settled 
in  Boone  County.  He  was  a  successful  farmer  of 
energy,  integrity,  and  public  spirit.  He  contrib- 
uted to  tlie  State  University  and  to  William  Jewell 
College.  He  stood  high  as  a  citizen,  and  as  a  mem- 
ber of  his  church.  He  was  treasurer  of  the  Gen- 
eral Association  of  Missouri  in  1844.  He  often 
went  on  missionary  tours  with  his  brother,  Field- 
ing Wilhoit.  He  had  an  ardpnt  love  for  the  spread 
of  the  gospel ;  was  moderator  of  the  Mount  Pleas- 
ant Association  for  years,  after  the  death  of  Row- 
land Hughes.  His  son,  James  M.  Wilhoit,  of  St. 
Louis,  is  a  valuable  and  liberal  member  of  the 
Fourth  Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis.  The  subject 
of  this  sketch  died  Oct.  4,  1867. 

Wilkes,  Rev.  Washington,  was  bom  in  Marl- 
borough District,  S.  C,  March  26,  1822.  His  parents 
settled  in  Barbour  Co.,  Ala.,  wheii  he  was  twelve 
years  of  age,  where  he  was  baptized,  in  1845,  by 
the  Rev.  Peter  Eldridge ;  ordained  in  1847  ;  en- 
tered Howard  College  in  1848,  where  he  graduated 
in  1851.  For  seventeen  years  afterleaving  college 
his  field  of  ministerial  labor  was  in  Autauga  County, 
where  he  was  mainly  instrumental  in  the  formation 
and  growth  of  the  Unity  Association  and  its  strong- 
est churches. .  Since  that  time  for  more  than  ten 
years  he  has  resided  in  Talladega  County,  where 
he  has  been  pastor  of  several  of  the  best  churches. 
Mr.  Wilkes  is  a  preacher  of  more  than  average 
ability,  and  holds  a  place  in  the  front  ranks  of  the 
Alabama  pulpit.  He  is  pleasantly  located  with  the 
church  at  Sylacauga. 


Wilkes,  Rev.  William  Clay,  president  of  the 
Georgia  Baptist  Seminary,  at  Gainesville,  a  dis- 
tinguished educator,  was  born  in  Spartanburg  Co.. 
S.  C,  Sept.  9,  1819.  His  father.  Deacon  Joseph 
Wilkes,  and  his  mother,  Delphia  W.  Clay,  were 
nixtives  of  Virginia.  In  December,  1829,  the  family 
removed  from  South  Carolina  to  Georgia,  and  set- 
tled in  Putnam  County.  Mr.  Wilkes  joined  the 
church  at  Eatonton  in  1837,  though  he  had  been 
converted  while  a  school-boy.  '  Having  had  excel- 
lent academical  advantages,  he  entered  the  Fresh- 
man class  of  Mercer  University  in  1839,  and,  while 
in  college,  the  Penfield  church  licensed  him  to  . 
preach  in  1841.  In  July,  1843,  he  graduated  with 
the  highest  honors  of  his  class  ;  returned  home  and 
entered  immediately,  as  an  educator,  upon  that  use- 
ful and  honorable  course  which  he  has  continued 
to  the  present  time  ( 1880).  Called  to  become  its  pas- 
tor by  the  Milledgeville  church,  he  was  ordained 
in  Eatonton  in  1849,  and  since  that  period  has 
preached  constantly,  serving  in  the  mean  while  many 
churches.  For  sixteen  years  he  taught  at  Forsythe 
College;  he  founded  and  built  up  INfonroe  Female 
College.  He  is  the  father  of  Spalding  Seminary, 
a  flourishing  chartered  school  in  Macon  County. 
He  organized  and  built  up  CraAvford  High  School, 
at  Dalton,  which  at  one  time  threatened  to  outstrip 
Mercer  University.  He  also  built  and  established 
the  Georgia  Baptist  Seminar}',  at  Gainesville,  a 
flourishing  institution  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Georgia  Baptist  Convention.  A  man  of  fine  in- 
tellectual powers,  a  popular  preacher,  and  at  times 
useful  as  an  editor,  Mr.  Wilkes  has  made  his  life 
a  great  success,  if  success  is  to  be  measured  by 
useful  results.  He  has,  in  a  greater  or  less  degree, 
educated  nearl}'  3000  boj's  and  girls,  and  he  has 
baptized  1000  persons.  Though  past  his  three- 
score years,  he  is  still  a  strong  and  healthy  man. 

Wilkinson,  Wm.  Cleaver,  D.D.,  Professor  of 
Ilomiletics  and  Pastoral  Theology  in  Rochester 
Seminary,  was  bom  in  AVestford,  Vt.,  Oct.  19, 
1833  ;  graduated  at  Rochester  Universitj'  in  1857, 
and  the  TheologiciVl  Seminary  in  1859.  He  im- 
mediately made  a  pedestrian  tour  through  Great 
Britain.  Upon  his  return  to  America  he  took  pas- 
toral care  of  the  Wooster  Place  Baptist  church. 
New  Haven,  Conn.,  in  November,  1859.  He  re- 
signed because  of  ill  health  in  1861,  and  made  a 
tour  of  Europe.  He  returned,  in  1863.  to  become 
tutor  in?  the  University  of  Rochester.  Soon  after 
he  became  pastor  of  Blount  Auburn  church,  Cin- 
cinnati, 0.  This  charge  he  resigned  in  1866,  and 
opened  a  private  school  in  Tarr^^town,  N.  Y.  In 
1872  he  was  elected  to  the  position  he  still  holds  in 
Rochester  Theological  Seminary. 

Prof.  Wilkinson  is  one  of  the  ablest  writers  of 
America,  and  contributes  to  the  leading  news- 
papers, secular  and  religious.     His  chief  publica- 


WILLARD 


1245 


WILLET 


tions  are  "The  Dance  of  Modern  Society,"  1869; 
"A  Free  Lance  in  the  Field  of  Letters,"  1874; 
"Foreshadowing"  and  "Enticed,"  poems  of  niucli 
iTal  merit. 

Willard,  Rev.  Benjamin,  was  born  in  Lancas- 
ter, Mass.,  in  1783,  and  joined  the  Baptist  church 
in  Harvard  in  1800,  by  which  he  was  licensed  to 
preach  the  gospel  in  1818.  His  labors  were  greatly 
blessed  to  the  conversion  of  souls  in  Littleton,  and 
were  attended  with  much  fruit  in  his  missionary 
tours  in  Northern  New  England  and  Canada,  under 
the  direction  of  the  Massachusetts  Baptist  Mission- 
ary' Society.  He  spent  the  winter  of  1822-23  in 
Northampton,  Mass.,  and  under  his  ministry  a 
church  was  gathered  in  that  beautiful  village, 
made  so  memorable  as  having  been  the  home  of 
the  celebrated  Jonathan  Edwards.  Mr.  Willard 
was  ordained  Nov.  12,  1.S23.  It  was  not  until 
July  20,  1S2G,  that  the  church  to  which  he  minis- 
tered was  publicly  recognized.  By  his  own  per- 
sonal application,  in  a  large  degree,  the  means  for 
the  erection  of  a  meeting-house  were  procured,  and 
the  edifice  was  dedicated  July  8,  1829.  He  con- 
tinued to  act  as  pastor  of  the  ciiurch  until  1838, 
when  he  resigned.  For  several  years  he  labored 
as  an  evangelist  in  Vermont,  among  the  feeble 
churches  of  that  State.  He  died  at  Holyoke, 
Mass.,  Dec.  2,  ]SC)2. 

Willard,  Rev.  Chas.  M.,  was  born  at  Saxton's 
lliver,  Vt.,  Aug.  27,  1815;  baptized  at  Grafton, 
1834;  ordained,  in  1841,  at  Drewsville,  N.  H. 
His  preparatory  studies  at  Hamilton  Institution, 
now  Madison  University,  were  interrupted  by  ill 
health,  but  he  had  been  a  pupil  of  his  brother. 
Rev.  Erastus  Willard,  and  studied  theology  with 
Rev.  Isaac  M.  Willmarth,  at  New  Ipswich,  N.  H. 
He  was  an  earnest,  useful,  and  successful  pastor 
at  Drewsville,  N.  II.,  Ogdensburg,  N.  Y.,  Fitzwil- 
liam,  N.  II.,  Still  River,  Mass.,  Eastport,  Me., 
Littleton,  Mass.,  and  First  Suffield,  Conn.  He  died 
in  1877. 

Willard,  Rev.  Erastus,  of  Baptist  ancestry, 

was  born  in  Lancaster,  Mass.,  July  4,  1800;  went 
in  boyhood  with  his  parents  to  Vermont;  baptized 
in  1820,  at  Saxton's  River,  by  Rev.  Joseph  Elliott, 
with  whom  he  fitted  for  college  ;  was  graduated  at 
Waterville  College  (now  Colby  University)  in  1829  ; 
studied  at  Newton  Theological  Institution  ;  ordained 
pastor  at  Grafton,  Vt.,  Oct.  30,  1833;  appointed  to 
the  French  mission  in  1835,  whore  he  continued 
till  1856  (see  article  Mission"  to  Fkaxce)  ;  served 
American  Baptist  Missionary  Union  as  missionary 
to  the  Ottawas,  in  Kansas,  J857-60;  after  two 
brief  pastorates  he  settled,  in  March,  1865,  with 
the  First  Salem  (Shushan)  church,  N.  Y.,  where 
he  did  a  good  work  until  his  health  utterly  failed, 
in  1871.  He  died  December  29,  at  Newport, 
R.  I. 


His  great  work  was  in  France,  as  superinteudent 
of  the  mission  and  theological  instructor.  In  tiiese 
he  showed  much  practical  wisdom,  patience,  and 
energy.  His  long  residence  abroad  and  his  re- 
tiring disposition  prevented  him  from  being  widely 
known  ;  but  his  inliuence  over  his  students  and 
others  was  that  of  a  master-mind,  and  those  who 
knew  him  well  counted  him  among  our  very  fore- 
most men.  Of  commanding  ability  as  a  thinker,  a 
linguist,  and  a  theologian,  acute,  original,  self-re- 
liant, he  was  an  indefatigable  student  of  the  Word 
of  God  in  the  original  languages.  Holding  tena- 
ciously the  faith  once  delivered,  including  strict 
Baptist  principles,  in  interpreting  Scripture  he 
called  no  man  master,  but  he  bowed  reverently  to 
the  supreme  authority  of  inspiration.  He  was  an 
excellent  preacher,  delighting  especially  in  Biblical 
exposition,  and  an  interested  student  of  physical 
science.  A  decided  and  positive  man,  he  was  en- 
dowed with  genial  wit  and  poetic  fancy.  His  re- 
ligious character  was  pure,  firm,  and  uniform.  He 
wrote  much  and  carefully,  in  a  style  of  great  force 
and  beauty.  It  is  greatly  to  be  regretted  that  he 
published  nothing. 

Willet,  Prof.  Joseph.  Edgerton,  of  Mercer 
University,  Ga.,  was  born  in  Macon,  Ga.,  Nov.  17, 
1826.  His  early  education  was  obtained  in  the 
schools  of  Macon  and  Marshallville,  Ga.  He  en- 
tered the  Junior  class  of  Mercer  University  in 
1844,  and  graduated  in  1846.  In  1847  he  was 
elected  Adjunct  Professor  of  Natural  Philosophy 
and  Chemistry,  and  entered  at  once  upon  his  du- 
ties, but  soon  found  it  necessary  that  he  should  ob- 
tain a  more  thorough  preparation  elsewhere.  He 
accordingly  entered  the  analytical  laboratory  of 
Yale  College,  and  engaged  in  daily  work  in  ana- 
lytical chemistry.  He  returned  in  1849,  and  im- 
mediately resumed  the  care  of  his  classes,  and  for 
fifteen  or  twenty  years  afterwards  was  probably 
the  only  teacher  in  Georgia  who  could  perform  a 
chemical  analysis.  Since  that  time  he  has  been 
faithfully  and  exclusively  engaged  in  teaching 
natural  science  in  Mercer  University,  occupying 
an  enviable  position  among  the  educators  of  the 
whole  country  in  the  department  of  natural  sci- 
ence. He  was  made  full  Professor  of  Natural 
Science  in  1848,  a  position  he  still  holds.  Prof. 
Willet  is  amiable  and  benevolent,  with  a  devout 
spirit.  His  fine  analytical  mind  has  made  him 
unsurpassed  as  a  professor  of  chemistry  and  the 
natural  sciences.  He  possesses  generous  culture 
and  refined  tastes  outside  of  his  profession.  In 
1869  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society 
offered  a  prize  of  $500  for  the  best  small  book  on 
science  for  Sunday-school  libraries,  and  he  bore 
off  the  prize  with  a  capital  little  volume  entitled 
"  The  Wonders  of  Insect  Life."  He  has  also  pub- 
lished   in   the  American  Journal  of  Science  and 


WILLETT 


1246 


WILLIAM  JEWELL 


other  papers  valuable  scientific  articles,  and  when 
the  suhject  of  the  "  unification  of  the  Georgia  col- 
leges" was  mooted  in  the  State,  some  years  ago, 
he  published  a  coujilc  of  articles  which  gave  the 
whole  suhject  a  permanent  quietus.  His  acquaint- 
ance with  agricultural  science  led  to  his  deiivei'y 
of  lectures  before  the  State  Agricultural  and  Hor- 
ticultural Societies  at  Macon,  Gainesville,  and 
■fonesl)orougii,  besides  which  he,  in  1879,  delivered 
a  course  of  six  lectures  on  "  Science  and  Keligion'" 
l)efore  the  Wesleyan  Female  College,  at  Macon, 
Ga.  During  the  war  lie  was  employed  by  the 
.Confederate  government  to  superintend  the  manu- 


verted  in  New  Bedford,  Mass.,  and  was  baptized 
by  Rev.  Asa  Bronson  ;  united  with  the  Baptist 
Church  ;  in  June,  183S,  was  licensed  by  the  South 
Baptist  churcii  in  Hartford,  Conn. ;  in  same  year, 
November  21,  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Tariffville;  after-settleinents,  in  South- 
wick,  Mass.  ;  in  1845  in  Central  Baptist  churcli. 
Thompson,  Conn. ;  in  1849  in  First  Baptist  church. 
New  London;  in  1854  in  Putnam;  in  1857,  in  La 
■Crosse,  AVis. ;  in  1S63  in  Union  church,  Minneap- 
olis, Minn.;  in  1864  returned  to  Putnam,  Conn» ; 
in  1873  preaclied  in  Danielsonville,  and  organized 
the  Baptist  church  ;  in  1875  in  First  Baptist  church. 


WILLIAM    .TEWELL    COLLEGE. 


facture  of  all  kinds  of  ammunition,  as  superin- 
tendent of  the  laboratory  at  Atlanta,  and  since  the 
war  he  has  for  three  or  four  years,  during  vaca- 
tion, served  on  the  United  States  Commission  to 
investigate  the  habits,  nature,  and  ravages  of  the 
cotton  caterpillar,  so  injurious  to  the  great  South- 
ern staple. 

As  a  professor,  lie  is  greatly  beloved  by  the  stu- 
dents, over  whom  he  maintains  a  firm  sway  as  a 
disciplinarian. 

Willett,  Rev.  Charles,  was  born  in  Hanson 
(then  West  Pembroke),  Mass.,  Oct.  21,  1809  ;  fa- 
vored with  pious  parents  (Congregationalists), 
who  sprinkled  him  in  his  infancy  ;  was  a  student 
throughout  life;  fell  into  Universalism  ;  was  con- 


in  Sufiield ;  served  as  pastor  thirty-nine  out  of 
forty-one- years;  preached  above  5000  sermons; 
baptized  about  500  persons ;  solid  preacher  and 
wise  counselor. 

William  Jewell  College  was  projected  in  1836. 

and  founded  in  184'.i,  when  a  handsome  endowment 
was  su4)scribed,  a  liberal  charter  obtained,  and  tlie 
college  located  at  Liberty,  Clay  Co.,  Mo.  It  was 
named  in  lionor  of  its  principal  benefactor,  Dr. 
William  Jewell.  It  was  opened  in  1852,  and  took 
possession  of  its  new  building  in  1854. 

In  1808,  through  the  agency  of  Tiios.  Ram- 
baut,  LL.D.,  S40,000  were  raised  to  estaljlish  the 
Jeremiah  Vardeman  School  of  Theology.  The 
grounds  and  buildings  of  the  collose  are  valued  at 


WILLIAMS 


1247 


WILLIAMS 


$75,000,  and  the  endowment  at  $100,000.  L.  B. 
Ely,  the  financial  agent,  has  freed  tlie  collo<^e  from 
debt,  and  aims  to  secure  $250,000  of  an  endow- 
ment. One  liundred  and  fifty  young  men,  on  an 
average,  attended  the  college  during  the  past  ten 
years,  and  the  School  of  Theology  in  tiie  same 
time  matriculated  two  hundred.  The  college  con- 
templates seven  endowed  professorships,  besides 
the  School  of  Theology  and  any  professional  schools 
which  may  hereafter  be  added. 

Instruction  is  now  given  by  five  professors  and 
three  tutors.  There  is  a  complete  chemical  and 
philosophical  apparatus,  and  4000  volumes  as  the 
beginning  of  a  library.  The  presidents  have  been 
K.  S.  Dulin,  D.I).,  Rev.  11.  S.  Thomas,  A.M.,  W. 
Thompson,  D.D.,  Rev.  Thomas  Ramljaut,  LL.D., 
and  since  1874,  W.  R.  Rothwell,  D.D.  The  mem- 
bers of  the  faculty  are  W.  R.  Rothwell,  D.D.,  Prof. 
J.  R.  Eaton,  Ph.D.,  J.  G.  Clark,  R.  B.  Semple ; 
A.  J.  Semple  is  principal  of  the  preparatory  de- 
partment. 

The  college  is  near  Kansas  City ;  it  is  the  oldest 
west  of  the  Mississippi,  and  its  prospects  are 
brighter  than  ever. 

Williams,  Rev.  Alvin  P.,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
St.  Louis  Co.,  Mo.,  March  13,  1813.  Ilis  father 
was  a  Baptist  minister,  lie  was  converted  at  sis- 
teen,  and  at  seventeen  was  ordained,  his  father  as- 
sisting in  the  service.  lie  gained  a  knowledge  of 
the  languages,  and  studied  the  Bible  in  its  original 
tongues.  lie  labored  with  great  zeal  as  an  evan- 
gelist. He  was  pastor  at  Lexington,  Richmond,  St. 
Joseph,  Miami,  Bethel,  Rehoboth,  Good  Hope,  and 
Glasgow.  lie  died  Nov.  9,  1868,  at  Glasgow.  He 
had  great  natural  gifts  and  unusual  attainments. 
As  a  preacher  and  expounder  of  the  gospel  he 
occupied  a  prominent  position.  Ilis  knowledge  of 
the  Scriptures  was  astonishing,  and  his  logic  was 
masterly  and  convincing.  His  sermons,  exposi- 
tions, and  essays  before  the  Association,  and  on 
various  occasions,  for  twenty-five  years,  mark  him 
as  a  man  of  extraordinary  ability,  a  second  Andrew 
Fuller.  Dr.  Williams  was  wholly  given  to  study, 
to  preaching,  and  to  pastoral  work,  and  it  is  esti- 
mated that  over  3000  persons  were  converted  under 
his  ministry.  He  possessed  a  remarkable  memory. 
It  has  been  said  that  if  the  New  Testament  had 
been  blotted  out  he  could  have  reproduced  it.  He 
was  unostentatious,  cheerful,  and  kind-hearted. 
lie  could  express  his  convictions  with  boldness. 
He  was  a  man  of  faith  and  sincere  piety.  His 
death  moved  every  Baptist  heart  in  Missouri.  They 
mourned  the  loss  of  an  author  whose  review  of 
Campbellism  is  unanswerable,  and  whose  printed 
works  on  communion  and  baptism  are  clear,  in- 
structive, and  scholarly.  They  felt  that  a  father 
and  leader  in  our  Zion  had  fallen, — a  prince  in 
Israel.     Though  dead,  he  still  lives  in  the  memory 


of  all  who  knew  him,  and  his  name  will  be  hon- 
ored by  coming  generations. 

Williams,  Rev.  Granville  S.,  was  born  Sept.  ' 

30,  ls47,  in  Decatur  Co.,  Tenn.  He  received  his 
academic  education  in  Decaturville,  Lexington,  and 
Mifflin.  He  pursued  his  collegiate  course  at  Bethel 
College,  Ky.,  and  at  Union  University,  Tenn.  He 
graduated  in  June,  1873,  professed  conversion  at 
Lexington,  Tenn.,  in  1866,  and  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  D.  B.  Ray,  then  the  pastor  at  Lexington.  He 
was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Hickory  Grove 
church  in  May,  1867.  He  was  ordained  by  the 
church  in  Murfreesborough,  Tenn.,  in  October, 
1871,  the  Presbytery  consisting  of  Rev.  Charles 
Manly,  D.D.,  Rev.  Wm.  Shelton,  D.D.,  and  Rev.  T. 
T.  Eaton.  He  was  first  called  to  preside  over  the 
Court  Street  Baptist  church.  Bowling  Green,  Ky., 
in  September,  1873,  and  was  there  nearly  five  years. 
Then  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Central  Baptist 
cliui'ch,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  July  1,  1878,  where  he  is 
still  laboring.  Though  young,  he  isgreatly  beloved 
by  his  charge.  His  talents  are  of  a  high  order. 
Mr.  Williams  is  active  in  all  our  ecclesiastical 
gatherings,  and  a  warm  supporter  of  the  Tennessee 
Baptist  Convention. 

Williams,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Hanover 
Co.,  Va.,  in  the  year  1747.  From  his  parents  he 
received  a  liberal  education.  In  1769  he  was 
sheriff  of  Lunenburg  County.  At  this  period  the 
Lord  was  pleased  to  call  him  into  the  kingdom 
of  his  grace.  Six  months  after  his  conversion  he 
was  baptized,  and  immediately  after  he  began  to 
tell  the  story  of  the  Cross  to  the  perishing.  In 
1771  the  converts  given  to  him  by  the  Lord  were 
sufficient  to  form  a  church  in  Lunenburg  County, 
called  the  Meherrin  church.  This  community  in  a 
few  years  grew  into  six  or  seven  churches.  In 
1785  he  became  pastor  of  Sandy  Creek  church, 
Charlotte  Co.     He  never  sundered  this  tie. 

Mr.  Williams  was  a  great  friend  of  religious 
liberty  and  of  education.  He  was  much  interested 
in  the  history  of  the  Virginia  Baptists;  he  had  an 
extensive  acquaintance  with  Christian  literature; 
his  manners  were  polished,  and  his  spirit  fraternal ; 
his  talents  were  of  a  high  order.  He  vv'as  very 
successful  in  building  up  the  churches,  as  well  as 
in  winning  souls  to  Jesus. 

Williams,  Rev.  John,  was  bom  in  Wales, 
March  8,  1767,  and  died  in  New  York,  May  25, 
1825.  His  father's  name  was  William  Roberts, 
this  son,  according  to  AV^elsh  custom,  taking  the 
first  name  of  his  father  as  his  surname.  ]h'.  was 
educated  by  his  parents  for  the  ministry  of  the  Es- 
tablished Church,  but  he  preferred  some  other  pro- 
fession, and  went  to  Carnarven  to  learn  a  trade. 
While  there,  under  the  preaching  of  a  Calvinistic 
Methodist  he  was  converted,  and  joined  the  Inde- 
pendent church.     He  then  resolved  to  devote  him- 


WILLfA.VS 


1248 


WILLIAMS 


self  to  the  ministry,  and  commenced  to  address 
Christian  assemblies  in  various  places.  At  that 
time  he  entered  upon  a  prayerful  investigation  of 
the  subject  of  baptism,  and  soon  after  united  with 
the  Horeb  Baptist  church  of  Gam,  and  in  a  little 
time  became  its  pastor.  He  formed  the  acquaint- 
ance of  Christmas  Evans,  and  traveled  and  preached 
with  him  in  many  places  throughout  the  principal- 
ity. In  1795  he  came  to  America,  intending  to 
labor  among  his  countrymen,  and  he  preached 
to  them  in  Rev.  John  Stanford's  church,  in  Fair 
(now  Fulton)  Street,  also  in  the  Baptist  church  in 
Fayette  (now  Oliver)  Street,  New  York.  He  soon 
■mastered  the  English  language,  and  was  settled  as 
pastor  of  the  Oliver  Street  church.  It  had  but 
forty  members  when  he  took  charge  of  it,  and  its 
place  of  worship  was  but  thirty  feet  square.  The 
young  Welsh  preacher  soon  filled  it.  It  was  en- 
larged, and  was  still  too  strait  for  the  crowds  who 
desired  to  attend.  Then  a  capacious  and  attractive 
stone  edifice  was  built,  and  the  successful  career 
of  that  historic  church  was  commenced.  •  In  1823 
his  health  failed,  and  Rev.  Spencer  H.  Cone  was 
chosen  associate  pastor.  A  son  of  bis,  AVilliam  R. 
Williams,  D.D.,  the  distinguished  scholar  and  au- 
thor, is  pastor  of  Amity  Street  church  in  New  York. 

Williams,  Rev.  John  G.,  was  born  in  Colleton 
Co.,  S.  C,  and  graduated  at  Furnian  University. 
lie  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  Black  Swamp  church, 
in  Beaufort,  now  Hampton;  County.  His  early 
ministry  was  distinguished  by  careful  preparation 
and  earnest  delivery.  He  was  never  "  a  good 
hater,"  but  a  warmer  friend"  never  lived.  His 
friendship  produces  a  reciprocity  in  those  on  whom 
it  is  bestowed.  His  mere  presence  brings  cheer- 
fulness. 

His  ministry  has  been  wholly  with  country  and 
village  churches,  and  when  a  friend  lately  proposed 
to  try  to  get  a  city  church  to  call  him,  he  positively 
declined  to  allow  his  name  to.be  used. 

Mr.  Williams  is  one  of  the  ablest,  most  popular, 
and  successful  preachers  in'  the  State.  He  has  for 
many  years  preached  to  the  SpringtOAvn  and  Black- 
ville  churches.  He  found  the  latter  quite  dilapi- 
dated, but  under  his  ministry  its  growth  has  fully 
equaled  that  of  the  very  flourishing  village  in  which 
it  is  situated.  He  is  also  preaching  at  a  new 
church,  George's  Creek.  All  three  are  in  Barn- 
well County.  Not  one  of  them  would  exchange 
him  for  Spurgeon. 

WiUiams,  Rev.  J.  P.,  was  born  in  Virginia, 
March  19,  182G,  and  removed  to  Hannibal,  ISIo.,  in 
1836,  and  was  there  converted  and  baptized  when 
a  youth'.  He  graduated  from  Georgetown  College, 
Ky.,  in  1853,  and  taught  in  Maysville  Seminary 
one  year,  and  in  the  Baptist  college  at  Palmyra, 
Mo.,  was  Professor  of  Natural  Science  for  a  year. 
In  1858  he  conducted  the  Louisiana  Seminary  in 


Louisiana,  and  wa»  pastor  of  the  church  there 
three  yeai-s.  In  1801  he  was  president  of  the  Fe- 
male Seminary  in  Columbia,  and  was  pastor  of 
the  church  in  that  place  for  three  years. 

After  the  war  he  returned  to  Louisiana  and  took 
charge  of  the  seminary  and  church  there  until 
1879. 

He  has  been  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  South- 
ern Baptist  Theological  Seminary  and  of  William 
•Jewell  College,  and  for  years  clerk  of  the  General 
Association  of  Missouri.  Mr.  Williams  is  a  man 
of  ability  and  attainments,  and  a  zealous  Christian 
worker.  He  is  highly  esteemed  in  the  State  of 
Missouri.  He  is  now  connected  with  the  Central 
Baptist,  of  St.  Louis. 

Williams,  J.  W.  M.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Ports- 
mouth, Ya.,  April  7,  1820,  and  resided  there  until 


^^:S^v'?='>'^  • 


J.  W.    M.   WILLIAMS.   D.D. 


1838,  when,  at  the  age  of  eighteen,  he  entered  the 
^'irginia  Baptist  Seminary.  In  1840  he  joined  an 
advanced  class  in  the  Columbian  College,  AVashing- 
ton,  D.  C,  and  graduated  in  1843.  He  at  once  en- 
tered Newton  Theological  Seminary,  Mass.,  and 
completed  his  course  in  1845.  For  several  years 
he  was  engaged  in  preaching  in  the  towns  of 
Sinithfield  and  -Jerusalem,  and  also  in  Lynchburg, 
A^a.  In  1850,  Dr.  Williams  was  called  to  the  pas- 
torate of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Baltimore. 
He  preached  his  first  sermon  in  his  new  field  Jan. 
1,  1850,  and  still  remains  the  useful  and  honored 
pastor  of  the  church,  which  has  so  remarkable  a 
history.  It  was  founded  in  1785;  was  rebuilt  in 
1817,  and  again  in  1877,  and  during  the  century 


WILLIAMS 


1249 


WILLIAMS 


of  its  existence  lias  had  but  five  pastors:  tlie  Rev. 
Lewis  Richards,  from  1785  to  1S18;  the  Rev.  Ed- 
mund J.  Reese,  from  1815  to  1818  as  associate  pas- 
tor, and  pastor  from  1818  to  1821  ;  the  Rev.  John 
Finiay,  from  1S21  to  1834;  the  Rev.  Stephen  P. 
Hill,  D.I).,  from  1834  to  1850;  and  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Williams,  from  1850  to  the  present  time.  Amonj; 
its  members  have  been  the  Wilsons,  Spencer  II. 
Cone,  Bartholomew  T.  Wel.sh,  I'rof.  Ilackett,  Dr.  F. 
AVilson,  Dr.  B.  Griffith,  and  numerous  others  well 
known  to  the  denomination.  Dr.  Williams  is  a 
popular  pastor  and  a  fresh  and  vi}i;orous  preacher. 
For  fifteen  years  after  he  iiecaiiie  pastor  of  the 
First  church  he  was  the  superintendent  of  its 
Sunday-school,  and  still  gives  it  his  valuable  coun- 
sel and  frequent  presence.  Dr.  Williams  is  also 
president  of  the  Maryland  Tract  Society,  having 
succeeded  Dr.  Johns,  a  few  years  since,  in  that 
office.  He  is  also  an  overseer  of  the  Columbian 
University,  from  which,  in  ISIit'i,  he  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  D.D.  Dr.  Williams's  incessant 
pastoral  labors  have  prevented  him  from  adding 
much  to  the  literature  of  the  denomination,  but 
several  of  his  sermons  have  been  published,  and 
he  is  an  occasional  contributor  to  the  religious 
papers. 

Williams,  Rev.  Lewis,  was  born,  in  May, 
1784,  in  North  (,\Lroliiia.  In  1795  his  father  came 
to  Missouri.  Mr.  Williams  was  converted  in  1810, 
and  in  two  years  he  became  a  preacher.  His  son. 
Dr.  A.  P.  Williams,  said  that  he  knew  Fuller's 
works  by  heart.  Hundreds  were  brought  to  Christ 
through  his  instrumentality.  Men  in  St.  Louis, 
Franklin,  and  adjoining  counties  came  twenty 
miles  to  hear  him  preach.  Daniel  Boone  loved  to 
listen  to  his  sermons,  lie  spent  many  days  and 
nights  with  him,  and  baptized  some  of  his  family. 
His  son,  A.  P.,  was  converted  undei'  his  preaching, 
and  he  assisted  at  his  ordination.  He  formed  the 
Franklin  Association,  and  nearly  all  its  meml)ers 
■were  baptized  by  him. 

In  1832  the  Home  Mission  Society  employed 
him.  In  1837  he  removed  to  (iasconade  County, 
when  Home  Mission  aid  failed  him.  He  died  in 
St.  Louis,  and  his  body  rests  in  the  burial-grouml 
of  the  old  church  he  first  joined,  at  Fee  Fee  Creek. 
A  n)onument  marks  the  spot. 

Williams,  Rev.  Moses  C,  was  for  many  years 

identified  with  (Jnind  Cane  Association,  La.,  as  one 
of  its  most  prominent  and  d('vote<l  ministers;  born 
in  (iporgia;  came  to  Louisiana,  and  settled  tiear 
Mansfield,  De  Soto  Parish,  about  1852.  His  influ- 
ence will  long  be  felt  in  the  part  of  the  State  where 
he  labored.      He  died  in  ISfi.'!. 

Williams,  Nathaniel  M.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in 

Salem,  JIass.,  Nov.  13,  1813.  He  pursued  his  col- 
lege studies  partly  at  Watervillo  and  partly  at 
Washington,  D.  C.     He  was' a  graduate  of  Colum- 


bian College  in  the  class  of  1837,  and  took  a 
two  years'  course  of  theological  study  at  Newton. 
He  was  ordained  Jan.  29,  1840,  and  was  pastor 
of  tlie  church  in  New  Sharon,  Me.,  1840-42.  The 
ne.xt  four  years  of  his  ministry  were  spent  in 
Farmington,  Me.  From  this  place  he  removed 
to  Saco,  where  he  renniined  six  years,  when  he 
resigned,  and  became  pastor  of  the  church  in  Som- 
crville,  Mass.,  holding  the  office  nine  years.  His 
next  pastorate  of  four  years  was  at  Ellsworth, 
Me.,  followed  by  two  settlements  of  three  years 
each  in  Peabody  and  Methuen,  Mass.  In  1871  he 
accepted  a  call  to  Wickford,  11.  1.,  which  position 
ho  held  until  recently,  when  he  resigned  and  re- 
moved to  Lowell,  Mass.,  where  at  present  he 
resides. 

The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred 
on  Mr.  W^illiams  by  the  University  of  Chicago  in 
1871. 

Williams,  Rev.  Nathaniel  W.,  was  bom  in 

Salem,  Mass.,  Aug.  24,  17>'4.  His  early  associations 
were  with  the  Unitarians.  He  entered  the  count- 
ing-room of  an  uncle,  and  by  him  was  sent  to  India 
as  a  supercargo  of  one  of  his  ships  trading  with 
Calcutta.  He  made  the  accpiaintance  in  Calcutta 
(if  the  eminent  English  missionaries  Carey,  "Ward, 
and  Marshman.  His  religious  convictions  ex- 
tended on  through  many  years.  At  last  he  was 
brought  to  submit  to  an  atoning  Saviour,  and  re- 
nounced what  he  ever  afterwards  regarded  as  the 
erroneous  system  in  whioh,  in  his  early  days,  he 
had  been  educated,  lie  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Lu- 
cius Bolles,  and  received  as  a  member  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Salem,  June  5,  1808,  of  which 
church  he  was  not  long  afterwards  appointed  a 
deacon.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  July  31,  1812. 
Abandoning  a  lucrative  business  that  he  might 
give  himself  wholly  to  the  work  of  the  ministry, 
he  was  ordained  at  Beverly,  Aug.  14,  181G.  There 
he  remained  nearly  nine  years.  His  next  pastor- 
ate, which  was  a  brief  one,  was  in  Windsor,  Vt., 
succeeded  by  a  five  years'  ministry  in  Concord, 
N.  II.,  from  which  place  he  removed  to  Newbury- 
port,  Mass.,  where  he  spent  five  years,  and  then,  in 
1836,  he  returned  to  his  former  charge  in  Beverly. 
His  last  pastorates,  which  were  only  a  year  or  two 
in  each  place,  were  in  Maiden,  Mass.,  and  Au- 
gusta, Me.  He  retired  from  pastoral  work  in  1840, 
and  made  a  home  with  his  son.  Rev.  N.  M.  Wil- 
liams, of  Saco,  Me.  In  1852  he  went  to  Boston, 
and,  with  his  wife,  joined  the  Rowe  Street  church, 
under  the  ministry  of  Rev.  Dr.  Stow.  W^hile  living 
in  Boston  he  preached  nearly  every  Sabl)ath,  and 
to  the  last  continued  his  habits  of  study  and  the 
preparation  of  new  sermons.  He  was  a  diligent 
student,  and  sudi  was  his  reputation  in  this  re- 
spect that  Brown  University  conferred  on  him  the 
degree  of   Master  of  Arts  in   1824.     In   1820  he 


WILLIAMS 


125U 


WILLIAMS 


was  a  member  of  the  convention  chosen  to  revise 
the  constitution  of  the  State  of  INIassachusetts, 
'•  where,"  says  Dr.  Stow,  "  he  distinguished  him- 
self, and  won  general  favor  by  his  calmness,  intel- 
ligence, and  di^^nity  in  debate.  It  has  lieen  con- 
ceded that  he  and  Dr.  Baldwin  contributed  largely 
to  those  modifications  which  secured  equal  rights 
of  conscience  in  religious  matters  to  all  the  citi- 
zens of  this  Commonwealth."' 

Mr.  AVilliams  died  in  Boston,  May  27,  1853. 

Williams,  Rev.  0,  A.,  was  born  in  the  parish 
of  Dolbenmaen,  Carnarvonshire,  Wales,  March  25, 
1837;  baptized  Nov.  20,  1850;  emigrated  to 
America,  May  7,  1857  ;  licensed  to  preach  by  the 
Stanton  Street  Baptist  church,  New  York,  Sept.  30, 
1859  ;  graduated  at  Madison  Univei'sity  in  1863, 
and  from  the  Hamilton  Theological  Seminary  in 
1865 ;  ordained  as  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
of  Mount  Vernon,  N.  Y.,  in  October,  1865.  Failing 
health  compelled  him  to  resign  the  charge  of  the 
church  in  Mount  Vernon,  June  1,  1874.  Since 
May  1,  1865,  he  has  been  pastor  of  the  "First  Bap- 
tist church  in  Nebraska  City,  Neb.,  and  he  is  deeply 
interested  in  the  work  of  laying  the  proper  foun- 
dations of  the  Baptist  denomination  throughout 
the  State. 

Williams,  Roger,  the  founder  of  Rhode  Island, 
and  the  great  apostle  of  civil  and  religious  free- 
dom, was  born  of  Welsh  parentage  in  the  year 
1599.  Concerning  the  place  of  his  birth  history  is 
silent.  Recent  investigations  lead  to  the  conclu- 
sion that  it  was  in  the  county  of  Cornwall,  Eng- 
land, where  the  Cornish  tongue,  a  Celtic  dialect 
now  extinct,  was  then  prevalent.  It  is  certain 
from  the  records  that  "  Roger  Williams,"  a  son  of 
''William  Williams,  gentleman,"  was  "baptized 
on  the  24th  of  July,  1600,"  in  the  parish  church 
of  Guinear.  No  direct  allusion  to  the  parents  of 
Roger  has  thus  far  been  found  in  any  of  his  pub- 
lished writings;  a  brief  statement  respecting  his 
early  years  has,  however,  been  placed  on  record. 
In  the  last  of  his  works,  "George  Fox  digg'd  out 
of  his  Burrowes,"  dated  in  the  "epistle  dedica- 
tory," March  10,  1673,  he  says,  "From  my  child- 
hood, now  about  threescore  years,  the  Father  of 
lights  and  mercies  touched  my  soul  with  a  love  to 
himself,  to  his  only  begotten,  the  true  Lord  Jesus, 
and  to  his  holy  Scriptures."  In  a  letter  to  Win- 
throp,  written  in  1632,  he  further  states  that  he 
had  been  "  persecuted  in  and  out  of  iiis  father's 
house  these  twenty  years."  Ilis  early  conversion, 
his  belief  in  the  divinity  of  Christ,  and  his  attach- 
ment to  the  Word  as  a  sufficient  rule  and  guide 
in  all  religious  matters,  arc  here  clearly  and  dis- 
tinctly outlined.  Ills  connection  with  the  Puritans 
accounts  for  the  opposition  of  his  father,  and  per- 
haps for  his  removal  to  London,  where  his  promis- 
ing talents,  and  especially  his  remarkable  skill  as 


a  reporter,  gained  Kim  the  favorable  notice  of  Sir 
Edward  Coke,  the  first  lawyer  of  his  age.  He,  ac- 
cording to  the  statement  of  Mrs.  Sadleir,  his  daugh- 
ter, sent  him  to  Sutton's  Hospital,  a  magnificent 
school  of  learning  now  called  the  Charter  House. 
It  was  a  propitious  circumstance  that  thus  made 
the  author  of  the  "Bill  of  Rights"  and  the  great 
"  Defender  of  the  Commons"  a  benefactor  of  the 
youth  destined  to  become  the  advocate  of  free 
.  principles  in  the  New  World'.  Upon  the  comple- 
tion of  his  preparatory  studies.  3'oung  Williams 
was  admitted  to  Cambridge  University,  where 
Coke  himself  had  been  educated,  and  where  liberal 
and  Puritan  sentiments  have  always  found  a  more 
congenial  home  than  at  Oxford.  He  was  matricu- 
lated a  pensioner  of  Pembroke  College,  July  7, 
1625,  and  in  -January,  1027,  he  took  the  degree  of 
Bachelor  of  Arts.  The  evidence  of  this,  as  stated 
by  Arnold,  in  his  elaborate  "  History  of  Rhode 
Island,"  may  be  seen  in  the  original  records,  which 
the  writer  has  recently  been  permitted  to  examine, 
through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Bradshaw,  librarian 
of  the  university.  Under  the  gi!idance  of  his 
illustrious  patron  Mr.  AVilliams  now  commenced 
the  "study  of  law.  The  providence  of  God  may 
here  be  seen,  in  thus  leading  his  mind  to  an 
acquaintance  with  those  principles  which  were  to 
be  so  useful  to  him  in  after-life  as  the  legislator  of 
an  infant  colony.  He  soon,  however,  relinquished 
this  pursuit  and  entered  upon  the  study  of  theol- 
ogy, a  study  which,  to  ^  mind  and  heart  like  his, 
possessed  superior  attractions.  He  was  admitted 
to  orders  in  the  Established  Church,  and  assumed, 
it  is  said,  the  charge  of  a  parish,  probably  in  the 
diocese  of  the  excellent  Bishop  AVilliams,  who,  it 
is  well  known,  winked  at  the  Nonconformists,  and 
spoke  with  keenness  against  some  of  the  ceremo- 
nies inaugurated  bj'  King  James  and  his  advisers. 
It  was  during  this  period  that  the  young  clergy- 
man became  acquainted  with  many  of  the  leading 
emigrants  to  America,  including  his  famous  oppo- 
nent in  after-years,  John  Cotton.  lie  appears, 
even  then,  to  have  been  very  decided  in  his  oppo- 
sition to  the  liturgy  and  hierarchy  of  the  church, 
as  expounded  and  enforced  by  Laud,  to  escape 
from  whose  tyranny  he  finally  fled  to  the  new 
country.  He  embarked  at  Bristol,  in  the  ship 
"  Lyon,"  and,  after  a  tempestuous  passage  of 
nearly  ten  weeks,  arrived  oft'  Nantasket,  with  his 
wife,  Mary,  to  whom  he  had  been  but  recently 
married,  on  the  5th  of  February,  1631.  He  was 
now  in  the  thirty-second  year  of  his  age,  and  in 
the  full  maturity  of  his  mental  and  physical 
powers;  a  devout  and  zealous  Christian,  a  ripe 
scholar,  and  an  accomplished  linguist, — one  who 
was  accustomed  to  read  the  Scriptures  in  their 
original  tongues. 

The  arrival  of  this  "godly  minister"  is  duly  re- 


WILLIAMS 


1251 


WILLIAMS 


corded  by  Winthrop,  and  in  a  few  weeks  he  was 
cordially  invited  to  settle  in  Boston  as  a  teacher. 
This  fiatterin<^  invitation  he  declined,  because,  as 
he  afterwards  wrote  to  Cotton,  he  "  durst  not  offici- 
ate to  an  unseparated  people."  So  impure  did  he 
re;;ard  the  Established  Church  that  he  would  not 
join  with  a  congrej^ation  which,  althouffh  driven 
into  the  wilderness  by  its  pers('cutin<;  spirit,  refused 
to  regard  its  hierarchy  and  worldly  ceremonies  as 
portions  of  the  abominations  of  anti-Christ.  Not 
only  was  he  in  theory  and  practice  a  rigid  "  Sepa- 
ratist," but  he  had  already  become  an  advocate  of 
the  great  Baptist  doctrine  of  religious  freedom  in 
matters  of  conscience,  as  set  forth  in  the  "  Confes- 
sion of  Faith,"  published  in  London  in  1011:  ''The 
magistrate  is  not  to  meddle  with  religion  or  matters 
of  conscience,  nor  compel  men  to  this  or  that  form 
of  religion,  because  Christ  is  King  and  Lawgiver 
of  church  and  conscience." 

"  The  magistrate,"  he  taught,  "  might  not  punish 
the  breach  of  the  Sabbath,  nor  any  other  offence, 
as  it  was  a  breach  of  the  first  table."  Well  might 
the  infant  "  Plantation,"  which  in  a  single  year 
from  the  time  when  its  first  session  for  business 
was  held,  Aug.  23,  IC.'SO,  had  passed  sentences  of 
exclusion  from  its  territory  upon  fourteen  persons 
of  too  free  carriage  and  speech,  look  askance  upon 
one  whose  opitiions  were  so  singularly  at  variance 
with  their  own.  Mr.  AVilliams  accordingly  re- 
moved to  Salem,  and  shortly  afterwards  entered 
upon  his  duties  as  teacher  in  place  of  the  learned 
and  catholic  Higginson,  who  was  in  feeble  health. 
The  church  with  which  he  thus  became  connected 
was  the  oldest  in  the  "  Company  of  the  Massachu- 
setts Bay,"  having  been  organized  on  the  6th  of 
August,  1629,  "  on  principles,"  saj's  its  historian, 
Upham,  "of  perfect  and  entire  independence  of 
every  other  ecclesiastical  body."  It  was,  for  this 
reason,  eminently  congenial  to  the  independent 
and  fearless  nature  of  Williams.  At  once  the  civil 
authority  interfered  to  prevent  his  settlement,  on 
the  principle  afterwards  established,  that  "  if  any 
church,  one  or  more,  shall  grow  schismatical,  rend- 
ing itself  from  the  communion  of  other  churches, 
or  shall  walk  incorrigibly  and  obstinately  in  any 
corrupt  way  of  their  own,  contrary  to  the  rule  of 
the  Word  ;  in  such  case  the  magistrate  is  to  put 
forth  his  coercive  power,  as  the  matter  shall  re- 
quire." The  church  at  Salem  notwithstanding, 
maintained  its  independence,  and  on  the  12th  of 
April,  1631,  received  INIr.  Williams  as  its  minister. 
Ilis  settlement,  however,  was  of  short  continuance. 
Disregarding  the  wishes  and  advice  of  the  magis- 
trates in  calling  him,  the  church  had  incurred  their 
disapprobation  and  raised  a  storm  of  persecution, 
so  that,  for  the  sake  of  peace,  AVilliams  withdrew 
before  the  close  of  summer  and  sought  a  residence 
at  Plymouth,  beyond  the  jurisdiction  of  Massachu- 


setts Bay.  Here,  says  Gov.  Bradfonl,  he  was  cor- 
dially received  and  hospitably  entertained,  having 
the  free  exercise  of  his  gifts  and  the  fellowship  of  the 
church  as  a  member,  lie  labored  in  the  ministry 
of  the  Word  faithfully  both  among  the  whites  and 
the  ln<lianS,  the  latter  of  whom  he  visited  in  their 
wigwams,  learning  their  language,  and  becoming 
intimate  with  their  chiefs, — Massasoit  and  Cniioni- 
cus.  In  the  autumn  of  1()33  he  returned  to  Salem. 
Already  the  principles  of  separation  and  religious 
freedom,  which  he  everywhere  proclaimed,  had 
made  him  an  object  of  jealousy,  even  among  the 
liberal-minded  Pilgrims  of  the  "  Mayflower."  On 
requesting  a  letter  of  dismission  from  the  church, 
we  find  the  elder,  Mr.  Brewster,  persuading  iiis 
people  to  relinquish  comnuinion  with  him,  lest  he 
should  "  run  the  same  cour.se  of  rigid  separation 
and  anabaptistry  which  Mr.  John  Smith,  the  Se- 
Ba[)tist  at  Amsterdam,  had  done." 

Mr.  Williams  resumed  his  ministerial  duties  as 
an  assistant  to  Mr.  Skelton,  whose  declining  health 
unfitted  him  for  his  work.  Upon  the  death  of  Mr. 
Skelton,  in  August,  1634,  he  was  regularly  or- 
dained as  his  successor,  notwithstanding  the  oppo- 
sition of  the  magistrates,  lie  was  highly  jiopnlar 
as  a  preacher,  and  the  people  became  strongly  at- 
tached to  him  and  to  his  ministry.  Among  his 
hearers  were  not  a  few  of  the  members  of  the 
church  at  Plymouth,  who,  after  ineffectual  attempts 
to  detain  hiiu  there,  had  transferred  their  residence 
to  Salem.  A  part  of  the  house  which  he  owned 
and  occupied  as  a  dwelling  during  the  years  1()35— 
30  is  still  standing  on  the  western  corner  of  North 
and  Essex  Streets.  The  original  frame-work  of 
the  qu.aint  structure  in  which  he  preached  is  care- 
fully preserved  as  an  object  of  interest  to  the  his- 
torian and  the  atitiquary.  From  the  period  of  his 
final  settlement  at  Salem  may  be  dated  the  begin- 
ning of  the  controversy  with  the  clergy  and  court  of 
Massachusetts  Bay,  which  at  length  terminated  in 
his  banishment  from  the  colony.  "  lie  was  faith- 
fully and  resolutely  protected,"  says  Upham,  "by 
the  people  of  Salem,  through  years  of  persecution 
from  without,  and  it  was  only  by  the  persevering 
and  combined  efforts  of  all  the  other  towns  and 
churches  that  his  separation  and  banishment  were 
finally  effected."  ..."  They  adhered  to  him  long 
and  faithfully,  and  sheltered  him  from  all  assaults. 
And  when  at  last  he  was  sentenced  by  the  General 
Court  to  banishment  from  the  colony  on  account  of 
his  principles,  we  cannot  but  admire  the  fidelity  of 
that  friendship  which  prompted  many  of  the  mem-- 
])crs  of  his  congregation  to  accompany  him  in  iiis 
exile,  and  partake  of  his  fortunes,  when  an  outcast 
upon  the  earth."  Upon  the  causes  of  his  banish- 
ment we  cannot  here  enlarge.  It  is  contended,  on 
the  one  hand,  that  it  "  Wiu<  a  mere  question  of  pol- 
icy, and  not  at  all  of  religious  liberty;"  that  his 


WILLIAMS 


1252 


WILLIAMS 


opinions  tended  to  disorder  and  dissension  in  a  gov- 
ernment that  was  theocratic,  and  that  his  offenses 
were,  therefore,  purely  political  in  their  character. 
Williams,  on  the  contrary,  in  his  famous  contro- 
versy with  Cotton,  contends  that  he  was  banished 
for  cause  of  conscience  ;  in  other  wQrds,  fhat  he  was 
persecuted  for  his  religious  opinions.  And  in  this 
view  we  fully  and  heartily  concur.  He  was  re- 
gai'ded,  indeed,  as  a  disturber  of  the  peace.  And 
80  have  Baptists  in  all  ages  been  regarded  by  the 
advocates  of  a  state  or  national  church.  He  was 
repeatedly  summoned  to  appear  before  the  General 
Court  in  Boston  to  answer  for  his  opinions.  These 
were,  in  brief,  as  they  were  summed  up  by  the  pre- 
siding magistrate.  Gov.  Haynes,  at  his  final  trial : 
"  First,  that  we  have  not  our  land  by  patent  from 
the  king,  but  that  the  natives  are  the  true  owners 
of  it,  and  that  we  ought  to  repent  of  such  a  re- 
ceiving of  it  by  patent;  secondly,  that  it  is  not 
lawful  to  call  a  wicked  person  to  swear,  or  to  pray, 
as  being  actions  of  God's  worship  ;  thirdly,  that  it 
is  not  lawful  to  hear  any  of  the  parish  Assemblies 
in  England ;  fourthly,  that  the  civil  magistrate's 
power  extends  only  to  the  bodies  and  goods  and 
outward  state  of  man,"  etc.  "  I  acknowledge," 
says  Williams,  in  his  corttroversy,  "  the  particu- 
lars were  rightly  summed  up,  and  I  also  hope,  as 
I  then  maintained  the  rocky  strength  of  them  to 
my  own  and  other  consciences'  satisfaction,  I 
shall  be  ready  for  the  same  grounds,  not  only  to 
be  bound  and  banished,  but  to  die  also  in  New 
England,  as  for  most  holy  truths  of  God  in  Christ 
Jesus."  The  act  of  banishment,  as  it  stands  upon 
the  colonial  records,  is  in  these  words  :  "  Whereas, 
Mr.  Roger  Williams,  one  of  the  elders  of  the  church 
of  Salem,  hath  broached  and  divulged  new  and 
dangerous  opinions  against  the  authority  of  magis- 
trates, as  also  writ  letters  of  defamation,  both  of 
the  magistrates  and  churches  here,  and  that  before 
any  conviction,  and  yet  maintaineth  the  same  with- 
out any  retraction,  it  is  therefore  ordered  that  the 
said  Mr.  Williams  shall  depart  out  of  this  jurisdic- 
tion within  six  weeks  now  next  ensuing,  which,  if 
he  neglect  to  perform,  it  shall  he  lawful  for  the 
governor  and  two  of  the  magistrates  to  send  him 
to  some  place  out  of  this  jurisdiction,  not  to  return 
any  more  without  license  from  the  court."  This 
remarkable  sentence  was  passed  on  the  9th  of  Oc- 
tol)er,  1635.  Three  months  later  the  magistrates 
determined  to  arrest  and  send  him  to  England  ;  but 
when  Capt.  Underbill,  who  was  commissioned  for 
this  purpose,  arrived  at  Salem  with  his  sloop,  the 
illustrious  exile  had  fled. 

It  was  in  the  middle  of  January,  the  coldest 
month  of  a  New  JiUgland  winter,  that  Williams, 
bidding'  adieu  to  wife  and  loved  ones  at  homo,  bo- 
took  himself  to  the  wilderness.  "For  fourteen 
weeks,"  as  he  wrote  thirty-five  years  afterwards  to 


his  friend,  Maj.  Mason,  he  "  was  sorely  tossed," 
"  not  knowing  what  bread  or  bed  did  mean."'  The 
effects  of  this  exposure  to  the  severity  of  the 
weather  he  continued  to  feel  to  his  latest  days. 
The  late  Hon.  Job  Durfee,  in  his  "  What  Cheer?" 
has,  with  a  poet's  license,  graphically  described 
some  of  the  scenes  relating  to  this  historic  event. 
He  first  settled  at  Seekonk,  but  in  the  latter  part 
of  June,  as  well  as  can  now  be  ascertained,  he  with 
five  companions  embarked  in  a  canoe,  and  after 
landing  on  "What- Cheer  Rock,"  rowed  around 
India  Point  and  up  the  Mooshausick  River,  landing 
at  the  foot  of  a  hill,  where  they  commenced  a  settle- 
ment, which,  in  gratitude  to  his  Supreme  deliverer, 
he  gave  the  name  of  Providence.  Other  settlers 
from  Massachusetts  joined  them,  and  at  an  early 
period  they  entered  into  an  agreement  or  compact 
"only  in  civil  things,"  and  thus  became  a  "  town 
fellowship."  Subsequently  they  became  a  colony, 
under  the  name  of  "  Rhode  Island  and  Providence 
Plantations,"  with  a  liberal  charter  granted  by 
King  Charles  II.  In  their  address  to  the  throne, 
they  declared  their  purpose  "  to  holil  forth  a  lively 
experiment,  that  a  most  flourishing  civil  state  may 
stan3  and  best  be  maintained  with  full  liberty  in 
religious  concernments."  "  Thus  was  founded," 
says  Gervinus,  the  celebrated  German  professor, 
"  a  small,  new  society  in  Rhode  Island,  upon  the 
principles  of  entire  liberty  of  conscience,  and  the 
uncontrolled  power  of  the  majority  in  secular  con- 
cerns." .  .  .  "These  ifistitutions  have  not  only 
maintained  themselves  here,  but  have  spread  over 
the  whole  Union.  They  have  superseded  the  aris- 
tocratic commencements  of  Carolina  and  of  New 
York,  the  high-church  party  in  Virginia,  the  theoc- 
racy in  Massachusetts,  and  the  monarchy  through- 
j  out  America ;  they  have  given  laws  to  one  quarter 
of  the  globe,  and,  dreaded  for  their  moral  influence, 
they  stand  in  the  background  of  every  democratic 
struggle  in  Europe." 

In  the  month  of  March,  1639,  Mr.  Williams, 
whose  tendency  to  Baptist  views  had  long  been 
apparent,  was  publicly  immersed.  His  mode  of 
planting  the  church,  now  known  as  the  First  Bap- 
tist church  in  Providence,  was  this.  Mr.  Ezekiel 
Holliman,  a  gifted  and  pious  layman,  first  baptized 
Mr.  Williams,  who  in  turn  baptized  Holliman 
"  and  some  ten  more."  The  names  of  these  twelve 
original  members  are  given  by  Benedict  in  his 
"  History  of  the  Baptists."  Thus  was  founded  what 
is  commonly  regarded  as  the  oldest  Baptist  church 
in  America ;  a  church  which,  for  nearly  two  and  a 
half  centuries,  has  firmly  held  to  the  great  doc- 
trines of  regeneration,  believer's  baptism,  and  re- 
ligious liberty  ;  and  which,  to-day,  is  looked  upon 
with  veneration  and  filial  pride  by  the  large  and 
flourishing  denomination  it  so  worthily  represents. 

Mr.  Williams  for  some  cause  did  not  long  retain 


WILLIAMS 


1253 


WILLIAMS 


his  connection  with  tlie  cliurcli,  having  doubts,  it 
appears,  in  regard  to  the  validity  of  tiiis  proceed- 
ing, in  consequence  of  the  absence  of  a  "  visible 
succession"  of  authorized  administrators  of  the 
rite  of  baptism.  "  In  a  few  months,"  says  Scott, 
writing  thirty-eight  years  afterwards,  '•  he  broke 
from  the  society  and  declared  at  large  the  grounds 
and  reason  of  it, — that  their  baptism  could  not  be 
right  because  it  was  not  administered  by  an  apos- 
tle." Perhaps  the  "society"  were  lacking  in  effi- 
ciency and  zeal.  It  is  certain  that  for  more  than 
sixty  years  they  lived  without  a  meeting-house, 
worsIii[iing  in  groves  and  private  dwellings;  that 
they  discarded  singing  and  music  in  jiublic  wor- 
ship ;  insisted  on  the  imposition  of  liands,  and, 
until  President  Manning's  time,  were  content  with 
an  untrained,  unpaid  ministry.  Mr.  Williams  be- 
came what  in  the  early  history  of  New  England  is 
denominated  a  Seeker  :  a  term,  says  Ganunell,  nut 
inaptly  applied  to  those  who,  in  any  age  of  the 
church,  are  dissatisfied  with  its  prevailing  creeds 
and  institutions,  and  seek  for  more  congenial  views 
of  truth,  or  a  faith  better  adapted  to  their  spiritual 
wants.  Although  he  soon  terminated  his  ecclesi- 
astical relations,  it  must  not  be  inferred  that  there 
was  ill  feeling  engendered  in  consequence,  or  that 
he  ceased  to  preach  the  gospel.  He  continued  on 
the  terms  of  the  closest  intimacy  and  friendship 
with  his  successor  in  the  ministry,  Chad  Brown, 
and  in  one  of  his  latest  letters,  written  to  Gov. 
Brudstreet,  he  expressed  a  desire  to  have  some  of 
his  sermons  printed.  That  he  did  not  undervalue 
the  benefits  of  Christian  fellowship  is  evident  from 
his  writings.  In  his  reply  to  Geo.  Fox,  written  in 
1670,  he  says,  "  After  all  my  search,  and  examina- 
tions, and  considerations,  I  said,  I  do  profess  to 
believe  that  some  come  nearer  to  the  first  primitive 
churches,  and  the  institutions  and  appointments 
of  Christ  Jesus,  than  others  ;  as  in  many  respects, 
so  in  that  gallant,  and  heavenly,  and  fundamental 
principle  of  the  true  matter  of  a  Christian  congre- 
gation, flock,  or  society,   viz.,  actuai,  believers, 

TRUE  DISCIIM.ES  .\XD  CONVERTS,    LIVING  STONES,  SUch 

as  can  give  some  account  how  the  grace  of  God 
hath  appeared  unto  them.''  In  regard  to  what  is 
known  as  the  distinguishing  sentiments  of  Baptists 
at  the  present  day,  viz.,  baptism  by  immersion,  Mr. 
Williams  did  not,  it  appears,  change  his  views. 
In  a  letter  to  Winthro(),  dateil  Sept.  10,  1649,  more 
tiian  ten  years  after  the  founding  of  the  church  at 
Providence,  he  saj-s,  "At  Seekonk  a  great  many 
have  lately  concurred  with  Mr.  John  Clarke  and  our 
Providence  men  about  the  point  of  a  new  baptism, 
and  the  manner  by  dipping,  and  Mr.  Clarke  hath 
been  there  lately,  and  Jlr.  Luear,  and  hath  dipped 

them.  I  BELIEVE  THEIR  PRACTICE  COMES  NEARER 
THE  FIRST  TRACTICEOF  OCR  GREAT  FoCNDER,  ChRIST 

Jesus,  than  other  practices  of  religion  do." 


The  limits  of  a  brief  sketch  like  the  present  com- 
pel us  to  pass  rapidly  in  review  the  leading  events 
in  the  further  career  of  this  distinguished  man, 
referring  our  readers  to  the  full  and  authentic  his- 
tory of  Khode  Island  by  the  late  Samuel  G.  Ar- 
nold, and  to  his  memoirs  by  Knowles,  Gammell, 
Underbill,  and  Klton.  His  works,  in  seven  large 
((uarto  volumes,  with  a  biograpiiical  introduction 
by  (iuild,  recently  published  under  the  auspices  of 
the  "  Narragansett  Club,"  form  his  most  complete 
and  "enduring  monument."  In  1643  he  sailed  for 
England,  where,  through  the  influence  of  his  per- 
sonal friend.  Sir  Henry  Vano,  he  succeeded  in  pro- 
curing a  charter  for  Rhode  Island,  l)eariiig  date 
March  14,  1644.  In  1645  he  was  instrumental  in 
making  peace  between  the  Narragansetts  and  the 
Mohegans,  thus  preserving  the  settlements  of  New 
England  a  second  time  from  a  general  war.  In 
16r)l,  in  coni[)any  with  his  "loving  friend,"  Rev. 
John  Clarke,  of  Newport,  he  embarked  a  second 
time  for  England  to  procuie  from  Charles  II.  a 
confirmation  of  the  first  charter.  Keturningin  the 
summer  of  1654,  he  succeeded  in  reorganizing  the 
government  upon  a  permanent  basis,  and  in  Sep- 
tember following  he  was  chosen  president  or  gov- 
ernor. This  position  he  occupied  until  May,  1658, 
when  he  retired  from  the  office.  Concerning  the 
closing  years  of  his  life  we  know  but  little.  He 
outlived  most  of  his  contemporaries,  dying  at  the 
advanced  age  of  eighty-four,  in  the  full  vigor  of 
his  mental  faculties.  He  was  buried  under  arms, 
"with  all  the  solemnity,"  says  Callender,  "the 
colony  was  able  to  show." 

The  name  of  Roger  Williams  has  been  handed 
down  to  us  by  Puritan  writers  loaded  with  re- 
proach. He  is  described  by  Neal  as  a  rigid  Brown- 
ist,  precise  and  uncharitable,  and  of  the  most  tur- 
bulent and  boisterous  passions.  But  his  writings 
refute  the  first  charge,  and  his  conduct,  under  cir- 
cumstances likely  to  arouse  the  gentlest  spirit,  con- 
tradicts the  aecond.  Gov.  Winthrop,  in  a  letter  to 
him,  says,  "  Sir,  we  have  often  tried  your  patience, 
but  could  never  conquer  it."  He  suffered  more 
than  most  men  from  the  slanders  of  those  who 
should  have  been  his  friends.  Coddington  accused 
him  "  as  a  hireling,  who,  for  the  sake  of  money, 
went  to  England  for  the  charter."  Harris,  in  the 
long  and  angry  controversy  between  them,  left  no 
means  untried  to  undermine  his  influence  with 
those  for  whom  he  had  supplied  a  home,  when  the 
gates  of  Massachusetts  were  closed  against  them. 
Palfrey,  in  his  elaborate  "  History  of  New  Eng- 
land," states  that  his  life,  as  a  whole,  "cannot  be 
called,  in  any  common  use  of  the  terms,  a  success- 
ful one,"  while  "  his  official  life  was  mostly  passed 
in  a  furious  turmoil."  And  even  the  genial  Dexter, 
in  his  recently-published  monograph,  "As  to 
Roger  Williams,"   justifies    his    banishment  from 


WILLIAMS 


1254 


WILLIAMS 


Massachusetts,  and  accuses  the  Baptist  denomina- 
tion of  canonizinn;  him  without  a  due  regard  to 
facts.  His  offense,  says  Marsden,  was  this, — "  He 
enunciated  and  lived  to  carry  out  the  great  princi- 
ple of  perfect  toleration  amongst  contending  par- 
ties by  whom  it  was  equally  abhorred."  But 
posterity  has  rendered  him  justice,  and  the  defender 
of  Baptist  principles,  as  well  as  the  founder  of 
Rhode  Island,  will  be  held  in  grateful  and  ever- 
lasting remembrance.  The  historian  Bancroft  pays 
him  a  glowing  tribute  in  his  immortal  work.  After 
seven  pages  of  what  Dexter  is  pleased  to  term 
"graceful  rhetoric,  in  which  he  adroitly  manages 
to  evade  most  of  the  main  points  at  issue,'"  he 
closes  with  these  memoraljlc  words  :  "  If  Coperni- 
cus is  held  in  perpetual  reverence,  because  on  his 
death-bed  he  published  to  the  world  that  the  sun 
is  the  centre  of  our  system  ;  if  the  name  of  Kepler 
is  preserved  in  the  annals  of  human  excellence  for 
his  sagacity  in  detecting  the  laws  of  planetary  mo- 
tion ;  if  the  genius  of  Newton  has  been  almost 
adored  for  dissecting  a  ray  of  light,  and' weighing 
the  heavenly  bodies  in  a  balance, — let  there  be  for 
the  name  of  Roger  Williams  at  least  some  humble 
place  among  those  who  have  advanced  moral 
science  and  made  themselves  the  benefactors  of 
mankind."  And  Prof.  Tyler,  in  his  recent  "  His- 
tory of  American  Literature,"  gives  a  masterly 
analysis  of  the  publications  of  the  "  Narragansett 
Club,"  to  which  we  have,  already  referred.  Wil- 
liams, he  says,  in  the  outset,  "  never  in  anything 
addicted  to  concealments,  has  put  himself  without 
I'eserve  into  his  writings.  There  he  still  remains. 
There,  if  anywhere,  we  may  get  well  acquainte<l 
with  him.  Searching  for  him  along  the  two  thou- 
sand printed  pages  upon  which  he  has  stamped 
his  own  portrait,  we  seem  to  see  a  very  human  and 
fallible  man,  with  a  large  head,  a  warm  heart,  a 
healthy  body,  an  eloquent  and  imprudent  tongue  ; 
not  a  symmetrical  person,  poised,  cool,  accurate, 
circumspect;  a  man  very  anxious  to  l)e  genuine 
and  to  get  at  the  truth,  but  impatient  of  slow 
methods,  trusting  gallantly  to  his  own  intuitions, 
easily  deluded  by  liis  own  hopes  ;^  an  imaginative, 
sympathetic,  affluent,  impulsive  man  :  an  optimist; 
his  master-passion,  benevolence ;  .  .  .  lovelj'  in 
his  carriage ;  ...  of  a  heArty  and  sociable  turn  ; 
...  in  truth,  a  clubable  person  ;  a  man  whose  dig- 
nity would  not  have  petrified  us,  nor  liis  saintli- 
ness  have  given  us  a  chill ;  ...  in  New  P]ngland, 
a  mighty  and  benignant  form,  always  pleading  for 
some  magnanimous  idea,  some  tender  charity,  the 
rectification  of  some  wrong,  the  exercise  of  some 
sort  of  forbearance  towards  men's  bodies  or  souls." 
Williams,  Eev.  Samuel,  was  born  in  Connells- 
villc,  Fayette  Co.,  Pa.,  on  the  fttli  of  August,  1S02. 
At  the  age  of  twenty,  while  a  student  at  Zanesville, 
O.,  he  embraced  Christ  by  faith.    ,\long  with  light 


upon  his  heart  came  the  love  of  souls,  and  in  two 
years  from  his  conversion  he  was  ordained  in 
Somerset  Co.,  Pa.  In  May,  1827,  he  became  pas- 
tor of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
This  relation  continued  twenty-eight  years,  during 
which  period  six  other  churciies  were  organized. 
Leaving  Pittsburgh,  he  settled  in  Akron,  0.  Here 
he  remained  eight  years,  and  then  became  pastor 
in  Springfield.  At  both  these  places  he,  in  connec- 
.  tion  with  his  wife,  conducted  a  female  seminary. 
Two  subsequent  years  were  spent  as  pastor  in  New 
Castle,  Pa.,  and  five  years  more  were  employed 
among  churches  in  the  vicinity  of  Pittsburgh.  Hiti 
present  residence  is  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Mr.  Williams 
engaged  in  numerous  controversies,  both  orally 
and  in.  writing,  in  defense  of  Baptist  doctrine  and 
practice. 

Williams,  Rev,  William,  was  born  in  Hill- 
town,  Pa.,  in  the  year  1752.  He  was  fitted  for 
college  in  the  school  of  Rev.  Isaac  Eaton,  in  Hope- 
well, N.  J.,  and  graduated  from  Brown  University, 
with  the  first  class,  in  1769.  He  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  Charles  Thompson,  Sept.  29,*  1771,  and  be- 
came a  member  of  the  Warren  church,  then  the 
hom'e  of  the  college.  This  church  gave  him  a  li- 
cense to  preach  the  gospel,  which  bears  the  date  of 
April  18,  1773.  Having  preached  for  two  years  in 
Wrentham,  Mass.,  the  church  extended  to  him  a 
call  to  become  their  pastor,  and  he  was  ordained 
July  3,  1776.  Soon  after  removing  to  Wrentham 
he  opened  a  school,  which  became  celebrated  in 
all  the  section  of  the  country  in  which  lie  lived. 
As  near  as  can  be  ascertained  he  had  not  far  from 
200  youths  under  his  charge,  80  of  whom  were  fitted 
by  him  to  enter  Brown  University.  In  after-life 
not  a  few  of  these  did  lionor  to  him  as  their  early 
preceptor,  in  the  different  professions  and  callings 
in  which  they  spent  their  days.  He  was  about 
seventy-one  years  of  age  when  he  died.  The  event 
occurred  Sept.  22,  1823.  Dr.  Abial  Fisher  says  of 
him,  "His  talents  and  acquirements  were  highly 
respectable.  His  services  as  a  teacher  commanded 
great  respect  not  only  in  but  out  of  his  denomina- 
tion." Among  his  pupils  were  the  late  Hon.  David 
R.  AVilli.ams,  governor  of  Soutii  Carolina,  and  the 
Hon.  Tristam  Burgess,  LL.D.,  late  Professor  of 
Oratory  and  Belles- Lettrcs  in  Brown  University. 

Williams,  William,  D.D.,  LL.D,,  Professor  of 
Ecclesiastical  History,  Cliuii'h  Government,  and 
Pastoral  Duties  in  the  Southern  Baptist  Theologi- 
cal Seminar}^,  was  born  at  Eatonton,  Putnam  Co.. 
Ga.,  March  15,  1821.  He  was  converted  and  united 
with  a  Baptist  church  in  1837,  and  graduated  at 
the  University  of  Georgia  in  1840.  Ilis  attention 
was  first  directed  to  tiie  legal  profession,  as  a  prep- 
aration for  which  lie  attended  the  law-school  of 
Harvard  University,  where  he  graduated  in  1847. 
He  entered  the  ministry  in  1851,  his  first  pastoral 


WILLIAMS 


1255 


WILLIS 


charjre  beiiij;  at  Aiihiirn,  Ala.  In  ISofi  ho  Ijocaine 
Professor  of  Tlieoloj^y  in  Mercer  University,  tiieii 
at  Penfield,  Ga.  In  1859  he  was  elected  Professor 
of  Ecclesiastical  History,  Church  Government,  and 
Pastoral  Duties  in  the  Southern  Baptist  Thoo- 
lofjical  Seminary.  At  various  times  during  the 
enforced  ahscnce  of  the  Professor  of  Systematic 
Theolo^iv  the  duties  of  that  ch.air  were  filled  ))y 
Dr.  Williams,  and  in  May,  1872,  he  was  formally 
transferred  to  that  professorship,  in  which  he  con- 
tinued until  his  death.  Dr.  Williams  was  on  sev- 
eral occasions  elected  one  of  the  vice-presidents  of 
the  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  and  was  the  ap- 
pointed pi'eacher  of  its  twenty-fifth  annual  sermon 
at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  in  May,  1871.  He  received  the 
degree  of  D.D.  from  Mercer  University  in  1859,  and 
of  LL.D.  from  Richmond  College  in  187G. 

He  died  at  Aiken,  S.  C,  Feb.  20,  1877,  and  was 
buried  at  Greenville,  S.  C,  where  his  former  stu- 
ilcnts  have  erected  a  monument  to  his  memory. 

Williams,  William  E..,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  born 
in  New  York,  Oct.  14,  1804.  His  father,  Rev. 
John  Williams,  was  pastor  of  the  Oliver  Street 
church  twenty-seven  years.  He  was  graduated  at 
Columbia  College  with  distinguished  honor  in  1823, 
iind  commenced  the  study  of  the  law,  intending  to 
make  that  his  profession.  He  was  l)aptized  by  Dr. 
S.  II.  Cone  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Oliver  Street 


WILLIAM     li.    WILLIAMS.   D.D.,    I.L.D. 

church,  and  took  an  active  part  in  church  work. 
By  his  labor  a  mission  Sunday-school  was  orgiin- 
ized  in  the  thirteenth  ward,  which  grew  into  the 
East  Broome  Street  Baptist  cliureh.     Its  name  was 


changed  to  tlio  Cannon  Street  ehureh,  and  it  is 
now  known  as  the  East  Baptist  cliurch. 

He  was  then  identified  with  another  new  inter- 
est, and,  having  been  licensed  to  preach,  when  the 
Amity  Street  churcli  was  constituted  lie  was  at  the 
same  time  onJairied  as  its  pastor.     Dec.  17,  1832. 

While  in  the  practice  of  the  law  his  literary  ca- 
reer commenced.  lie  wrote  first  a  biographical 
notice  of  his  father,  and  an  elaborate  address  en- 
titled "Conservative  Principles  in  our  Literature." 
His  "  Miscellanies"  and  his  "  Lectures  on  the 
Lord's  Prayer,''  with  other  sermons  and  addresses, 
raised  him  to  the  first  rank  among  religious  au- 
thors. The  purity  of  his  rhetoric,  the  clearness  of 
his  reasoning,  and  the  brilliance  of  his  style  have 
led  literary  men  to  pronounce  him  the  Robert  Hall 
of  America.  Dr.  Williams  produces  his  great  works 
from  a  well-trained  and  well-stored  mind  furnished 
liy  the  great  libraries  of  Nc^w  York  and  his  own 
choice  collection  of  more  than  l(),0()()  volumes. 

At  this  present  writing  Dr.  Williams  occupies 
the  same  pulpit  in  which  he  was  ordained  nearly 
fifty  years  ago.  He  has  been  invited  to  chairs  in 
colleges  and  seminaries,  but  such  is  his  love  for 
his  church  and  his  study  that  he  has  declined  all 
such  tempting  proposals.  He  is  never  heard  in 
public  debate,  nor  does  he  engage  in  newspaper 
discussion  on  any  subject. 

His  late  lectures  in  New  York  on  "  Baptist  His- 
tory" and  "  Bunyan  and  the  Pilgrim's  Progress" 
called  out  a  good  attendance  of  clergymen  of  all 
denominations  and  of  literary  men,  who  were  de- 
lighted ))y  his  eloquence  and  learning. 

Dr.  Williams  is  one  of  the  most  elegant  writers 
that  ever  used  the  English  language,  and  one  of 
the  greatest  men  that  ever  occupied  an  American 
pulpit. 

Willis,  Rev.  C.  C,  one  of  the  most  pious,  use- 
ful, and  laborious  of  the  ministers  in  the  Columbus 
Association,  Ga.,  was  born  March  24,  1809,  in 
Baldwin  County,  and  removed  to  Talbot  County  at 
maturity,  whcn-e,  for  half  a  century,  he  has  been 
faithfully  working  for  Jesus.  He  has  made  a  most 
salutary  impression  on  the  entire  community  in 
his  section  ;  has  built  up  and  trained  to  a  high  de- 
gree of  excellence  several  churches ;  and  has  ex- 
erted a  no])le  influence  in  behalf  of  missions  and 
Sunday-schools.  He  has  often  been  Moderator  of 
the  Columbus  Association,  and  is  one  of  the  best 
pastors  and  revival  preachers  in  the  State. 

Willis,  Rev.  Edward  J.,  was  born  in  Culpeper 
Co.,  \'a.,  Dec.  I'J,  1820  ;  was  educated  in  Virginia 
and  in  Massachusetts ;  studied  law  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Virginia,  and  graduated  in  July.  1842.  He 
began  the  practice  of  law  at  once,  his  home  being 
in  Charlottesville.  He  was  baptized  in  his 
eighteenth  year. 

In  1849  he  went  to  California,  walking  from  In- 


WILLIS 


1250 


WILSON 


dependence,  Mo.,  a  distance  of  2200  juiles.  lie 
began  the  practice  of  the  law  in  Sacramento ;  in 
April,  1850,  he  was  elected  judge.  In  1854  he  was 
licensed  to  preach  ;  resigned  his  judgeship,  and 
in  October  of  the  same  year  was  ordained  a  min- 
ister of  the  gospel.  The  Oakland  and  Sacramento 
churches  were  both  organized  at  his  residence.  His 
first  pastorate  was  with  the  Oakland  church,  which 
continued  till  1854.  lie  then  returned  to  A'irginia, 
and  from  1854  to  1860  was  pastor  of  the  Leigh 
Street  church  in  Richmond. 

He  was  first  chaplain,  and  then  captain,  of  the 
15th  Virginia  Regiment  of  infantry  in  the  Con- 
federate army,  and  commanded  the  regiment  in 
several  of  the  battles  of  the  war. 

For  two  years,  1865-67,  he  Avas  pastor  at  Gor- 
donsville  and  Orange  Court-House.  From  1867  to 
1869  he  was  pastor  of  the  church  in  Alexandria; 
thence  he  went  as  missionary  pastor  to  AV'inchester, 
and  in  1872  took  charge  of  the  Winchester  Female 
Institute,  now  Broaddus  Female  College,  which 
was  removed  to  Clarksburg,  W.  Va.,  in  1876. 

Willis,  Rev.  Joseph,  the  apostle  of  the  Attaka- 
pas  (Louisiana),  was  a  mulatto.  He  first  appears 
in  Southwest  Mississippi  as  a  licensed  preacher  in 
1798.  He  was  born  in  1762:  Upon  the  acquisition 
of  Louisiana  he  boldly  crossed  the  Mississippi 
River,  and  in  1804  preached  at  Vermilion  and  at 
Plaquemine  Brule.  For  eight  years,  amid  trials 
and  persecutions,  he  preached  the  gospel  in  the 
Opelousas  country,  alone  and  unremunerated,  ex- 
pending a  little  fortune  in  the  effort,  planting  the 
seeds  of  many  churches  that  afterwards  sprang  up. 
In  1812,  with  the  assistance  of  visiting  ministers 
from  Mississippi,  he  organiz.ed  a  church  at  Baj'ou 
Chicot,  the  first  west  of  the  Mississippi.  Father 
AVillis,  as  he  was  affectionately  called,  extended 
his  labors  and  constituted  other  churches.  Being 
joined  by  O'Quin  and  Nettles  in  1816,  the  churches 
increased,  and  in  1818  the  Louisiana  Association 
was  organized,  of  which  he  was  moderator  nmny 
years.  He  lived  to  see  abundant  fruits  of  his 
labors.     He  died  in  1854. 

Willmarth,  Rev.  Isaac  M.,  wHs  born  at  Deer- 
field,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  27,  1804,  and  was  baptized  there 
in  1830 ;  gi-aduated  from  Hamilton  College  in 
1825,  and  Newton  Theological  Institution  in  1833; 
ordained  at  New  York,  April  30,  1834,  and  pro- 
ceeded to  France,  where  he  labored  as  a  mission- 
ary until  1837.  (See  Mission  to  France.)  Com- 
pelled by  ill  health  to  return  to  America,  his  life 
has  been'  spent  in  preaching  and  teaching.  He 
has  been  pastor  at  Peterborough,  New  Ipswich, 
and  Drewsville,  N.  IL,  Grafton  and  Pondville, 
Vt.,  and  Rowe,  Mass.  lie  has  been  principal  of 
several  academies.  Is  living  (1881),  and  able  to 
preach  occasionally.  Mr.  AVillmarth  is  a  devout 
man,  whose  life  has  been  full  of  usefulness. 


Willmarth,   Rev.  James  W.,  was  born  in 

Paris,  France,  of  American  parents,  in  1835.  He 
was  Ijapti/.ed  in  Grafton,  Vt.,  in  1848.  His  early 
studies  were  greatly  impeded  by  an  affection  of  the 
eyes,  but  his  thirst  for  knowledge  could  not  be 
held  in  check  by  any  difficult}-  not  insurmounta- 
ble ;  he  gave  time  and  toil  to  the  ancient  languages, 
and  his  heart  to  theological  acquisitions,  and  at  an 
early  period  in  life  he  was  a  scholarly  preacher, 
well  skilled  in  divinity.  His  first  public  service 
for  Christ  was  performed  when  lie  was  a  mission- 
ary colporteur  of  the  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society  in  Chicago.  He  was  ordained,  in  1860,  in  • 
Aurora,  HI.  He  has  been  pastor  in  Metamora, 
111.,  Amenia,  N.  Y.,AVakefield,  Mass.,  Pemberton, 
N.  J.,  and  he  is  now  the  pastor  of  Roxborough 
church,  Philadelphia.  He  is  a  writer  of  great 
power,  and  he  uses  a  prolific  pen.  His  articles  on 
"The  Future  Life"  and  "Baptism  and  Remis- 
sion," in  the  Baptist  Quarterly,  showed  much 
originality,  and  produced  a  profound  iuipressioa 
upon  cultured  men  of  God. 

No  one  stands  higher  in  the  estimation  of  his 
friends,  and  all  that  know  him  may  be  reckoned 
among  the  number.  His  position  on  any  subject 
is  very  decided  ;  he  knows  nothing  of  half-heart- 
edness  ;  his  thoughts  are  as  transparent  as  a  sun- 
beam. He  shuns  no  responsibility  in  defending 
any  truth  ;  he  avoids  no  sacrifice  in  assisting  a 
friend.  He  is  an  able  preacher,  with  a  noble  in- 
tellect, ardent  piety,  and  a  bright  earthly  future, 
if  his  slender  frame  will  permit  him  to  stay  on 
earth  for  a  few  years. 

Wilson,  Adam,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Topsham, 
Me.,  Feb.  10,  1794.  He  fitted  for  college  at  the 
Hebron  Academy,  and  entered  Bowdoin  College, 
in  Brunswick,  Me.,  in  1S15.  At  the  close  of  his 
Freshman  year  he  was  baptized.  He  graduated 
in  1819  and  studied  theology  with  Rev.  Dr.  Staugh- 
ton,  then  of  Philadelphia.  In  the  early  part  of 
1822  he  commenced  his  ministry  in  AViscassett, 
Me.,  having  been  previously  ordained,  Dec.  13,  1820. 
He  remained  in  Wiscassett  two  years.  For  nearly 
four  years  he  served  as  pastor  of  two  churches, 
one  in  New  Gloucester  and  the  other  in  Turner. 
While  thus  cng.aged,  he  was  invited  to  take  charge 
of  a  new  paper  which  was  about  to  be  started  in 
Maine,  as  the  organ  of  the  Baptist  denomination  in 
that  State;  the  first  number  of  which,  TheZion's 
Advocate,  appeared  Nov.  11,  1828,  with  the  imprint 
of  Adam  AVilson  as  its  editor  and  proprietor.  He 
continued  to  perform  his  editorial  duties  for  ten 
years,  when  he  received  .and  accepted  a  call  to  be- 
come the  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Bangor,  securing  the  services  of  another  to  take 
his  place  as  editor  of  the  Advocate,  although  he  re- 
mained its  proprietor.  He  was  pastor'  of  the 
Bangor  church  three  years  and  a  half,  .and  of  the 


WILSON 


1257 


WILSON 


church  in  Turner,  with  whieii  he  had  formerly 
been  connecteu,  two  years,  at  the  end  of  which 
time,  1843,  he  resumed  the  editorial  management 
of  his  paper.     For  five  years  he  continued  in  this 


ADAM    WII.S-,)N,   n.D. 

position,  and  then  acted  as  pastor,  first  of  tlie 
church  in  Hebron,  and  tlieii  of  the  church  in  Paris, 
covering  a  period  of  nearly  ten  years.  In  1858  he 
removed  to  Waterville,  which  was  his  home  the 
remainder  of  his  life.  lie  was  constantly  engaged 
in  supplying  the  weak  churches  in  the  section 
where  he  lived,  and  his  usefulness  was  not  abated 
down  to  the  close  of  life.  lie  was  an  aljle  theolo- 
gian, and  worthily  won  tiie  degree  of  D.D.,  con- 
ferred on  him  by  Waterville  College  in  1851.  The 
amount  of  literary  work  which  he  accomplished  as 
the  editor  of  Zion's  Advocate  for  si.xteen  years  it 
is  not  easy  to  estimate.  He  published  but  little 
apart  from  what  he  prepared  for  his  paper.  For 
more  than  forty  years  he  was  a  trustee  of  Water- 
ville College,  now  Colby  University.  "  The  col- 
lege records  show,"  says  President  Champlin, 
*'  that  his  hand  framed  the  greater  part  of  the  im- 
portant reports  and  resolutions  presented  during 
tliat  long  period.  In  all  the  discussions  and  diffi- 
cult questions  arising  at  the  sessions  of  the  trus- 
tees, Dr.  Wilson's  uniformly  conciliatory  spirit  had 
rendered  inestimable  service."  A  busy  and  most 
useful  life  terminated  Jan.  16,  1871.  It  is  safe  to 
say  that  probably  to  no  one  man  is  the  present 
prosperity  of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  the  State 
of  Maine  more  due  than  to  tin'  subject  of  this 
sketch.  The  last  wdids  wbidi  Icil  from  his  lips,  a 
80 


ievi  hours  before  he  died,  were,  "One  Lord,  one 
faith,  one  baptism,  one  religion,  one  hope,  one 
Saviour,  one  heaven,  one  eternity.  Amen,  and 
amen  !     Amen,  and  amen  !" 

Wilson,  Daniel  M.,  was  bom  at  Morristown, 
N.  J.,  in  1<S03.  Ilis  mother  was  an  excellent  Chris- 
tian woman  of  marked  character.  In  early  life 
he  obtained  a  hope  in  Christ,  but  did  not  mak(!  a 
profession  until  mature  years.  lie  united  with 
the  First  Baptist  church,  Newark.  He  was  at  the 
head  of  a  strong  commercial  firm,  had  already  ac- 
quired a  financial  coni]iet(;nce,  and  he  brougiit  his 
eminent  business  capal)ilities,  with  a  true  Chris- 
tian dcvotedness,  into  action  for  church  prosperity. 
He  exerted  a  powerful  influence  over  the  principal 
commercial  corporations  with  which  he  was  con- 
nected; served  faithfully  as  collector  of  internal 
revenue  for  the  large  eastern  district  of  New 
•lersey,  and  filled  other  public  olliccs  involving 
important  trusts.  In  endeavoring  to  build  up  the 
churches  in  Newiirk  he  was  indefatigable.  The 
success  of  the  city  mission  was  largely  due  to  his 
counsels  and  efibrts.  For  eighteen  successive  years 
he  was  president  of  the  New  Jersey  Ba[)tist  State 
Convention,  occupying  that  office  at  his  death  in 
1873.  For  most  of  that  time  he  was  treasurer  of 
the  Education  Society.  As  president  of  the  New 
•lersey  Classical  and  Scientific  Institute,  at  Iligiits- 
town,  he  devoted  much  time  and  energy  to  the 
erection  of  the  fine  building  and  the  prosperity  of 
the  institution,  lie  was  for  a  time  president  of 
the  American  and  Foreign  Bilile  Society,  and  being 
a  generous  contributor  to  all  the  societies  for  the 
extension  of  the  Saviours  kingdom,  his  counsels 
were  much  prized.  When  at  the  age  of  three- 
score and  ten  he  departed  from  earth,  his  death  was 
regarded  as  a  pu})lic  loss. 

WUson,  Franklin,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Balti- 
more, Md.,  Dec.  8,  1822.  His  father,  Thomas 
Wilson,  was  a  member  of  the  eminent  firm  of 
William  Wilson  &  Sons.  Franklin's  mother  died 
when  he  was  fifteen  months  old,  but  her  place  was 
largely  supplied  by  the  devotion  of  his  father's 
cousin,  Miss  P.  Stansbury.  a  very  pious  and  active 
member  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  who  trained 
the  motherless  children  in  "  the  nurture  and  ad- 
monition of  the  Lord."  He  began  the  stinly  of 
Latin  when  only  seven  years  old  ;  at  the  nge  of  ten 
was  sent  to  Mount  Hope  College,  near  Baltinmre, 
and  before  he  was  thirteen  he  entered  the  Fresh- 
man class.  One  of  his  teachers  there  was  the  Kev. 
H.  B.  Hackett,  D.D.,  wbo  became  a  Baptist  while 
in  Baltimore.  Soon  after,  Dr.  Hackett  accepted  a 
professorship  in  Brown  University,  R.  I.,  and  in 
lS3f)  Franklin  was  sent  to  that  college,  at  first 
under  the  special  guardianship  of  Prof  Hackett. 
At  the  close  of  his  .Junior  year,  he  was  obliged  to 
suspend  his  stuclic"  frfim  weakness  of  the  eyes,  and 


WILSON 


1258 


WILSON 


he  graduated  with  the  succeeding  class  in  1841,  de- 
livering the  classical  oration  at  tiie  commencement. 
He  was  fortunate  in  having  as  classmates  or  friends 
while  in  college  such  men  as  Samson,  Malcom, 


FRANKLIN   WILSON,   D.D. 

Dodge,  Lincoln,  Brooks,  Brantly,  Weston,  and 
others  since  eminent  in  the  denomination.  During 
the  revival  which  followed  the  day  of  prayer  for 
colleges,  in  1838,  he  professed  conversion,  and 
was  baptized  in  Baltimore",  April  22,  1838,  by  the 
Rev.  Stephen  P.  Hill,  D.D.  In  1842  he  entered 
the  Newton  Theological  Institution,  but  left  in 
1844,  before  completing  the  course,  to  attend  his 
father  in  his  fatal  illness.  Wliile  at  home  he  be- 
gan laboring  at  a  mission  chapel,  erected  by  his 
uncle,  James  Wilson,  at  Huntington  (since  Wav- 
erly),  and  finally  accepted  the  pastorship  of  the 
church  formed  there  under  his  n\inistry.  In  184") 
he  took  a  trip  to  Europe,  visiting  England,  Ire- 
land, Scotland,  and  France.  He  was  ordained 
in  Baltimore,  Jan.  18,  1846,  at  the  First  Baptist 
church,  where  he  preached  his  first  sermon  in 
1842,  being  then  but  nineteen  years  of  age,  on  a 
theme  which  always  deeply  interested  him, — 
"  Prayer  for  Colleges."  In  1857  a  council  of  city 
cliurches  urged  him  to  become  the  pastor  of  the 
High  Street  church,  Baltimore,  which  was  over- 
whelmed by  financial  difliculties  and  about  to  be 
sold.  He  accepted,  and  held  the  position  till  1850, 
thus,  by  his  gratuitous  services,  saving  the  house 
of  worship,  encouraging  the  church,  and  adding 
to  its  membership  eighty-four  by  baptism.  A 
disease  of  the  vocal  organs  compelled  him  at  this 


time  to  suspend  his  public  labors  ;  but  he  continued 
his  pastorate  i/ntil  1852,  when  he  reluctantly  re- 
signed. After  six  years  of  partial  rest  his  vocal 
organs  were  strengthened,  and  since  tliat  he  has 
preached  hundreds  of  sermons. 

Dr.  Wilson  has  added  much  to  the  literature  of 
the  denomination.  Early  in  1851  he  became  editor 
of  The  True  Union,  a.  Baptist  weekly,  then  pub- 
lished in  Baltimore,  which  position  he  held  until 
1857.  Ileedited  it  again  in  1861, and  during  these 
years  he  not  only  gave  his  time  and  labor  gratui- 
tously to  the  work,  but  expended,  in  addition,  not 
less  than  .S200  a  year  fur  the  privilege  of  keeping 
up  the  paper. 

In  1857-58  he  edited  The  Christian  Beview 
(quarterly),  in  conjunction  with  Rev.  G.  B.  Taylor, 
now  missionary  in  Rome,  Italy.  In  1865  he  edited 
for  one  year  The  Maryland  Baptist,  a  monthly 
paper.  In  1853  he  gained  a  prize  of  SlOO  for  the 
best  essay  on  "  The  Duties  of  Clnirches  to  their 
Pastors."  He  also  published  tracts  and  essays  on 
"  Keep  the  Church  Pure,"  "'The  Comparative  In- 
fluence of  Baptist  and  Pedobaptist  Principles  in 
the -Christian  Nurture  of  Children,"  "How  Far 
may  a  Christian  indulge  in  Popular  Amusements  ?" 
"  What  Must  I  Do  to  be  Saved  ?"  (a  tract  which  has 
proved  a  blessing  to  many  an  inquiring  mind)  and 
a  very  valuable  treatise  on  "AVealth,  its  Acquisi- 
tion, Investment,  and  Use,"  which  has  received 
the  warmest  commendations  of  the  press. 

One  of  the  most  important  posts  he  has  occupied 
is  that  of  secretary  of  the  Executive  Board  of  the 
Maryland  Baptist  Union  Association.  Elected  in 
1847,  he  has  held  that  office  for  more  than  thirty 
years.  The  Association  was  formed  in  1836,  with 
only  6  churches  and  478  members.  In  1877  it  num- 
bered 60  churches  and  10,716  members,  and  its  an- 
nual contributions  had  increased  more  than  tenfold. 
In  1854  he  was  largely  instrumental,  with  Rev.  Dr. 
Williams,  in  forming  the  Baltimore  Baptist  Church 
Extension  Society ;  was  its  first  secretary  for  a 
number  of  years  and  a  large  contributor  to  its 
funds.  Under  its  auspices  were  erected  the  Lee 
Street,  the  Franklin  Square,  the  Leadenhall  Street, 
and  the  Madison  Square  meeting-houses.  The  last 
was  built  entirely  at  the  expense  of  Dr.  AVilson,  as 
was  also  the  Rockdale  chapel,  near  Baltimore.  He 
has  also  given  liberally  to  the  erection  of  nearly 
every ^other  Baptist  meeting-house  in  l^Iaryland. 
In  1S54  he  became  one  of  the  constituent  mcnibers 
of  the  Franklin  Square  church,  where  he  has  re- 
mained ever  since,  having  been  frequently  called 
to  act  as  temporary  pastor  during  the  changes  in 
the  pastoral  relation  which  the  church  has  experi- 
enced. He  has  preached  in  that  church  more  than 
250  times,  and  ba}itiztHi  fifty  persons.  As  early  as 
1860  he  became  dce[ily  interested  in  Italy  ;  wrote 
and  published  many  articles  on  it  as  a  missionary 


WILSON 


1259 


WILSON 


field  for  Baptists;  and  in  1864  induced  the  llev. 
John  Berg  to  write  an  article  for  the  London  Free- 
man, which  gave  rise  to  the  Italian  Mission  from 
the  English  Baptists.  In  1870,  Dr.  Wilson,  by  re- 
quest, delivered  an  address  in  I'iiiladelphia,  at  the 
anniversary  of  the  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society,  urging  it  to  engage  in  distributing  religious 
publications  in  Italy  and  Spain ;  and  the  Rev. 
James  B.  Taylor  was  confirmed  by  it  in  the  desire 
to  establish  a  mission  in  Italy.  Shortly  after,  the 
llev.  Dr.  Cote  was  introduced  by  Dr.  Wilson  to  i\w. 
Soutiiern  Board,  and  became  the  first  Amoriciin 
Baptist  missionary  in  Rome.  Since  1847,  Dr.  Wil- 
son has  l)een  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Columbian 
College,  Washington,  D.  C,  and  when  the  college, 
in  1872,  became  the  Coluni])ian  University,  he  was 
made  one  of  its  overseers.  This  institution  con- 
ferred on  him  the  degree  of  D.D.  in  1865. 

Many  of  the  benevolent  organizations  of  Balti- 
more have  his  aid  and  counsel.  He  originated  the 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association  of  that  city. 
He  has  done  much  towards  improving  and  i^eauti- 
fying  the  subur]>s,  and  has  aided  in  the  erection  of 
more  than  forty  buildings,  besides  churches.  He 
has  done  much,  also,  towards  preventing  ravages 
by  fire,  and  is  now  president  of  the  Fire-Proof 
Building  Company,  the  first  great  work  of  which 
was  rendering  fire-proof  the  noble  buildings  of  the 
Peabody  Institute  and  the  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital. 

Wilson,  Rev.  J.  C,  was  born  in  Chatham  Co.. 
N.  C,  July  23,  1820  ;  baptized  by  Rev.  P.  W. 
Doud  in  1838;  ordained  in  November,  1849,  Revs. 
P.  W.  Doud  and  J.  Olin  forming  the  Presbytery  ; 
was  educate<l  at  Wake  Forest  College,  and  has 
served  with  great  acceptance  a  number  of  churches 
in  Orange,  Chatham,  and  Wake  Counties.  Mr. 
W^ilson  has  l)een  for  many  years  the  moderator  of 
the  Jlount  Zion  Association. 

Wilson,  John  Butler,  M.D.,  the  eldest  son  of 
Rev.  Dr.  A.  Wilson,  was  born  in  Portland,  Me., 
Feb.  24,  1834.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Waterville 
College  in  the  class  of  1854.  For  three  years  he 
was  the  principal  of  an  academy  in  East  Corinth 
and  of  the  high  school  in  Dexter,  Me.  He  received 
the  degree  of  M.D.  at  the  Jefferson  Medical  College, 
in  Philadelphia,  in  1859,  and  commenced  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  at  E.xeter,  Me.  Upon  the 
call  for  troops  in  the  late  civil  war.  Dr.  Wilson  was 
commissioned  as  captain  of  a  company  raised  ])y 
himself,  and  in  the  fall  of  1861  was  stationed  at 
Pensacola  as  provost-marshal  for  the  District  of 
West  Florida  and  South  Alabama.  Subsequently 
he  was  appointed  surgeon  of  the  7th  Regiment, 
U.  S.  Infantry,  and  was  medical  director  of  all  the 
forces  in  Texas.  He  received  other  professional 
appointments  as  proof  of  the  confidence  of  the 
government  in  his  capacity.  The  state  of  his 
health   obliged   him  to  resign,  and  he  returned  to 


Maine  in  1865.  He  resumed  his  profession  in 
Dexter,  Me.,  l)ut  did  not  long  survive  the  iiardships 
which  had  thoroughly  undermined  iiis  constitution. 
He  died  at  Dexter,  March  15,  1866. 

''  Dr.  Wilson  was  a  man  of  fine  talents  and  at- 
tainments, qualified  for  the  first  rank  in  his  pro- 
fession, in  which  he  had  already  won  distinction. 
His  ardent  love  for  the  study  of  nature,  which  he 
had  pursued  from  early  youth,  would  iiave  earned 
lor  him  scientific  reputation  had  his  life  been 
spared." 

Wilson,  Rev.  John  S.,  was  born  in  Franklin 
Co.,  Ky.,  July  13,  1795.  In  his  infancy  his  parents 
settled  in  Adair  County.  At  the  age  of  eighteen 
years  he  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  Mount 
(Jilead  Baptist  church.  Five  years  afterwards  he 
settled  in  Todd  County.  In  1822  he  was  licensed 
to  preach,  and  after  a  few  months  was  ordained 
and  became  pastor  of  Lebanon  church.  Soon  after- 
wards he  became  pastoral  supply  of  other  churches 
in  his  neighborhood.  Brilliant  success  attended 
his  labors  wherever  he  preached.  From  his  ordi- 
nation until  his  death  he  lived  in  an  almost  un- 
broken series  of  revivals.  In  1833  he  accepted  the 
Kentucky  agency  of  tiie  American  Bible  Society, 
and  during  the  same  year  was  called  to  the  pas- 
torate of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Louisville. 
He  accepted,  and  the  church  prospered  under  his 
ministry,  but  he  still  continued  the  work  of  an 
evangelist,  and  multitudes  were  converted  during 
revivals  conducted  by  him  in  the  counties  around 
Louisville.  In  the  spring  of  1835  he  preached  fif- 
teen days  in  Shelbyville,  and  101  were  baptized. 
The  revival  spread  to  the  neighboring  churches, 
and  it  was  estimated  that  1200  were  added  to  the 
Lord  during  its  continuance,  upwards  of  8(X)  of 
whom  were  baptized  into  the  churches  of  Long 
River  Association.  His  last  work  was  in  a  great 
revival  at  Elizabeth  town  in  August  of  the  same 
year.     He  died  Aug.  28,  1835. 

Wilson,  Rev.  Joseph  Kennard,  son  of  Rev. 
James  E.  and  Esther  B.  Wilson,  was  born  at  Black- 
woodtown,  N.  J.,.lune29,  1852;  converted  Decem- 
ber, 1867,  and  baptized  into  Blockley  Baptist 
church,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  of  which  his  father  was 
the  pastor;  removed  to  Massachusetts  in  1868; 
entered  Brown  University  in  1870;  graduated  in 
1873,  and  entered  Crozer  Theological  Seminary,  at 
Upland,  Pa. ;  in  the  summer  of  1874  supplied  the 
Baptist  church  at  Broadalbin,  N.  Y. ;  called  to  be 
pastor  of  the  church,  and  was  ordained  Nov.  4, 
1874;  in  the  winter  of  1875-76  preached  at  Flor- 
ence. N.  J.,  and  about  eighty  were  converted,  and 
a  church  afterwards  was  formed  ;  graduated  from 
Crozer  Theological  Seminary  in  1876;  accepted  a 
call  from  Nyack,  N.  Y. ;  in  February,  1878.  settled 
with  Huntington  Street  Baptist  church  in  New 
London,  Conn.,  and  is  now  (1881)  laboring  there. 


WILSON 


1260 


WING  ATE 


Wilson,  N.  W.,  D.D.,  one  of  tlie  most  eloquent 
ministers  in  the  South,  who  fell  a  victim  to  yellow 
fever  in  New  Orleans  in  1878,  VFliile  heroically 
discharging  his  duties  as  pastor  of  Colosseum 
Place  Baptist  church,  was  born  in  Pendleton  Co., 
Va.,  Oct.  20,  1834;  was  ordained  in  1858;  after 
filling  several  country  pastorates  in  Virginia  he 
was  called  to  Chapel  Hill,  N.  C,  where  his  rare 
talents  soon  rendered  him  distinguished;  thence  to 
Farmdale,  Va.,  where  he  labored  for  two  years. 
But  a  wider  field  was  awaiting  him,  and  in  1870  lie 
was  called  to  Grace  Street  church,  Richmond,  Va., 
where  he  ministered  with  great  success  until  he 
was  called  to  New  Orleans  in  1875.  In  his  new 
field  he  fully  sustained  his  reputation,  and  fell  a 
martyr  to  humanity. 

Wilson,  William  Lyne,  was  born  in  JefiFerson 
Co.,  Va.,  May  3,  1843.  He  pursued  his  early  edu- 
cation at  the  Charlestown  Academy,  and  entering 
the  Columbian  College,  Septeiuljer,  1858,  he  gradu- 
ated with  honors  in  June  of  18G0.  Afte*  receiving 
his  degree  of  A.B.  he  entered  the  University  of 
Virginia  to  prosecute  some  special  studies,  and  re- 
mained there  until  the  war  broke  out,  at  which 
time  he  left  and  entered  the  Confederate  service, 
serving  through  the  contest  in  the  12th  Regular 
Virginia  Cavalry.  In  1865  he  was  elected  Assistant 
Professor  of  Ancient  Languages  in  the  Columbian 
College,  and  in  1867  he  was  chosen  Professor  of 
the  Latin  Language  and  Literature.  While  hold- 
ing this  position,  Mr.  AVilson  took  the  course  of 
law  in  tiie  Law-School  of  the~Columbian  College, 
and  graduated  LL.B.  in  1867.  He  was  baptized 
by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Cuthbert  in  November,  1870.  In 
1871  he  resigned  his  professorship  to  practise  law, 
which  he  is  still  doing,  in  Winchester,  Va.  He 
held  for  several  years  the  office  of  county  super- 
intendent of  schools.  Mr.  Wilson  is  greatly  in- 
terested in  educational  movements,  and  on  more 
than  one  occasion  his  admirable  addresses  at  Asso- 
ciational  meetings  have  stimulated  his  hearers  to 
a  greater  zeal  in  their  behalf. 

Wilson,  Rev.  William  V.,  was  born  Nov.  18, 
1811,  in  Hunterdon  Co.,  N.  J.  Early  he  developed 
a  great  inclination  and  aptitude  for  study  ;  was 
converted  when  about  eighteen,  and  joined  the 
church  at  Sandy  Ridge  in  1831.  lie  had  a 
thorough  education,  covering  a  number  of  years, 
under  such  men  as  II.  K.  Green  and  Samuel 
Aaron  ;  entered  Princeton  Theological  Seminary 
in  1838,  the  certificate  of  Mr.  Aaron  being  consid- 
ered equivalent  to  a  college  diploma.  After  pur- 
suing the  full  course  he  became  a  missionary  of 
the  New  Jersey  "Baptist  State  Convention  in  Mid- 
dlesex County.  He  was  for  a  little  time  pastor  at 
Keyport  and  at  the  Second  Middlctown  Church.  In 
1854  he  became  pastor  of  the  Port  JMonmouth  Bap- 
tist church,  where  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  cen- 


tury he  has  edified  the  people  of  God.  Mr.  Wilson 
is  treasurer  of  the  Education  Society.  With  preach- 
ing talents  he  combines  an  unusual  aptitude  for 
business,  and  he  has  freely  and  successfully  used 
this  for  the  cause  of  God.  He  succeeded  in  the 
almost  impossible  work  of  extricating  Peddie  Insti- 
tute from  its  financial  difficulties,  and  has  fre- 
quently by  his  counsels  and  labors  helped  to  raise 
money  needed  for  the  carryi,ng  on  of  benevolent 
operations.  His  published  sermon  on  giving,  and 
other  discourses  and  writings,  have  stirred  up  the 
people  to  greater  consecration  of  their  means  to 
God  and  larger  efforts  to  spread  the  gospel. 

Winchell,  Rev.  James  Manning,  so  well 
known,  especially  in  New  England,  as  the  com- 
piler of  "  Watts's  Psalms  and  Hymns,  with  a  Sup- 
plement," in  general  use  in  the  Baptist  churches 
before  the  introduction  of  the  "Psalmist,"'  was 
born  at  North  East,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  8, 
1791.  He  became  a  Christian  in  early  life.  For 
three  years  he  was  a  student  in  Union  College. 
The  last  year  of  his  college  cour,ge  he  spent  in 
Providence,  and  graduated  from  Brown  University 
in  1812.  While  pursuing  his  regular  studies  in 
college  he  turned  his  attention  to  theology,  and 
on  graduating  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  North  East.  He  supplied  the  church 
in  Bristol,  R.  I.,  for  a  year,  when  he  was  called  to 
Boston  to  the  First  Baptist  church,  where  he  was 
installed  March  30,  18J4,  and  was  its  pastor  for 
six  years.  Dr.  Neale  says  of  him,  "  The  favor- 
able impressions  made  at  first  were  deepened  by 
acquaintance.  No  remarkable  events  or  stirring 
scenes  occurred  during  his  ministry,  and  he  never 
sought  to  create  an  artificial  excitement.  No  large 
additions  were  made  at  any  one  time.  Neither  was 
there  a  period  of  dearth,  but  a  steady  and  continu- 
ous advance  in  religious  knowledge  and  spiritual 
life."'  Mr.  Winchell  fell  a  victim  to  New  England's 
fatal  malady,  consumption.  His  death  took  place 
Feb.  22,  1820.  One  who  knew  him  well  while  he 
was  tiie  pastor  of  the  First  church  in  Boston  says 
of  him,  '"Young  Winchell's  manner  in  the  pulpit 
approacheil  more  nearly  to  that  of  Summerfield,  that 
youthful  prodigy  of  loveliness,  than  any  other  that 
I  have  ever  witnessed.  There  was  the  same  win- 
ning simplicity  and  naturalness  in  the  one  as  in 
the  other."  Dying  at  the  early  age  of  twenty- 
nine,  he  left  behind  him  a  memory  full  of  the 
sweetest  fragrance. 

Winebrennarians. — See  Church  of  God. 

Wingate,  W.  M.,  D.D. — This  best  of  men  was 
born  in  Darlington.  S.  C,  July  28,  1828;  was  liap- 
tizcd  by  Dr.  J.  0.  B.  Dargan  ;  graduated  at  Wake 
Forest  College  in  1849;  studied  theology  for  two 
years  at  Furman  Institute,  S.  C. ;  was  agent  of 
Wake  Forest  College  from  1852  to  1854,  when  he 
was  chosen  president,  which  position  he  held  till 


WING  ATE 


]261 


WINKLER 


his  death,  a  period  of  twenty-five  years.  lie  re- 
ceived tlie  honorary  decree  of  D.D.  from  Columbian 
University,  Washington,  D.  C,  in  1867.  He  died 
of  heart  disease,  Feb.  27,  1879. 

lie   was    an    admirable   college   president,   the 


W.    M.    WlMi.VTE,   IJ.D. 

ablest  preacher  the  Baptists  of  North  Carolina 
have  yet  had,  and  the  svFeetest  saint  the  writer  has 
ever  known.  The  type  of  his  piety  was  so  exalted 
that  it  lifted  him  above  the  ordinary  infirmities  of 
even  good  men. 

It  was  meet  that  such  a  life  should  be  crowned 
by  a  beautiful  and  glorious  death.  His  last  day 
was  the  happiest  of  his  life.  All  that  day  his  face 
shone  as  did  that  of  Moses  when  he  came  from 
the  presence  of  God  in  the  mount,  and  when  the 
supreme  hour  came  the  glory  of  God  overshadowed 
the  chamber  where  the  good  man  met  his  fate. 
Just  before  he  breathed  his  last  he  seemed  to  be 
conversing  with  the  Saviour  as  though  he  were 
personally  present.  "Oh,  how  delightful  it  is!  I 
knew  you  would  be  with  me  when  the  time  came, 
and  I  knew  it  would  be  sweet,  but  I  did  not  know- 
it  wiiulil  be  so  sweet  as  it  is." 

A  fitting  tribute  was  paid  to  his  virtues  in  a 
splendid  eulogy  pronounced  by  the  Rev.  F.  II. 
Ivey,  one  of  his  old  pupils,  at  the  commencement 
following  his  death,  and  his  memory  is  still  further 
lionqred  in  the  Wingate  Memorial  Hall,  a  large 
and  handsome  chapel  erected  by  his  friends  during 
the  past  year. 

Winkler,  Edwin  Theodore,  D.D.,  was  born  in 


in  Chatham  Academy  of  his  own  city;  entered 
Brown  University  in  l,Sli<> ;  graduated  in  1843,  and 
the  same  year  entered  Newton  Theological  Semi- 
nary;  in  184"j  was  assistant  editor  of  the  Christian 
Index  ;  supplied  the  pulpit  of  the  church  in  Colum- 
bus, Ga.,  for  si.x  months;  in  184ft  became  pastor 
at  Albany,  Ga.,  where  he  remained  until  called  to 
Gallisonville,  S.  V.  ;  in  IS'j'i  became  corresponding 
secretary  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Publication 
Society,  in  Charleston,  and  editor  of  the  Southern 
Baptist;  in  1854  called  to  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Charleston,  and,  except  during  a  somewhat 
lengthy  chaplaincy  in  the  Confederate  army,  he 
remained  pastor  in  that  city  until  called  to  Ala- 
bama, closing  his  pastorate  there  with  the  Citadel 
Square  churcii,  when  he  became,  in  1872,  pastor  in 
the  city  of  Marion.  In  1874,  when  the  Baptists 
of  his  newly-adopted  State  inaugurated  the  Ala- 
hama  Baptist,  he  l)ecame  editor-in-cliief,  a  position 
which  he  still  holds.  He  has  been  connected  at 
times  with  other  papers.  North  and  South,  as  cor- 
responding editor.  With  a  national  reputation,  he 
has  been  fre(juently  invited  North  and  South  to 
deliver  sermons  and  addresses  on  important  occa- 
sions. Several  of  these  addresses  were  called  for, 
and  published  in  permanent  form.  Of  these,  we 
may  mention  his  Centennial  address,  in  1876,  be- 


EllH  IN     TUKODOKE     WINKLEK,   D.U. 

fore  the  Newton  Theological  Seminary,  and  his 
sermon  before  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Society,  on  the  education  of  the  colored  ministry, 
in  1871.     He  is  the  author  of  a  catechism  for  the 


Savannah,  Ga.,  Nov.  13,  1823  ;  prepared  for  college  I  oral  instruction  of  the  colored  people,  which  has 


WINKS 


1262 


WINTER 


been  extensively  used  ;  of  a,n  essay  on  "  The  Spirit 
of  Missions,  the  Spirit  of  Christ;"  of  an  essay  on 
"The  Sphere  of  the  Ministry;"'  of  a  preface  to 
the  "  Sacred  Lute,"  a  hymn-book,  at  the  request 
of  the  Southern  Baptist  Publication  Society.  The 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  on  him 
in  1858  by  Furman  University.  He  twice  de- 
clined calls  to  a  professorship  in  the  Southern 
Baptist  Theological  Seminary. 

Dr.  Winkler  is  distinguished  for  scholarly  accu- 
racy, broad  culture,  clear  and  forcible  style,  courtly 
and  dignified  personal  bearing,  and  the  most  elegant 
language  and  the  finest  literary  allusions.  He  is 
always  ready;  this  makes  him  one  of  the  best  and 
safest  speakers  in  the  whole  country.  His  grand- 
father was  a  distinguished  officer  under  Gen. 
Marion  in  the  Revolutionary  war. 

Winks,  Joseph  F.,  was  born  at  Gainsborough, 
Lincolnshire,  England,  on  Dec.  12,  1792.  He  was 
converted  in  his  youth.  In  his  family  Bible  he 
made  the  following  recoi'd  :  "  Begotten  again  unto 
a  lively  hope  through  the  resurrection' of  Jesus 
Christ  from  the  dead  about  1812,  but  not  baptized 
until  Sept.  29,  1823."  lie  gave  himself  with 
great  ardor  to  the  establishment  of  Sunday- 
schools  in  the  neighborhood,  and  was  called  to  the 
pastorate  of  the  small  General  Baptist  church  at 
Killingholme.  Subsequently  he  labored  at  Mel- 
bourne, Derbyshire,  at  Loughborough,  and  finally 
at  Leicester,  where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his 
life.  The  establishment  and  promotion  of  denom- 
inational periodicals  and  of  cheap  evangelical  liter- 
ature engrossed  his  energies  for  nearly  forty  years. 
For  several  years  he  edited  five  monthly  magazines, 
the  Baptist  Reporter,  the  Cliildren^s  Magazine,  the 
Christian  Pioneer,  the  Baptist  Youths''  Magazine, 
and  the  Picture  Magazine.  He  compiled  a  num- 
ber of  Sunday-school  books,  and  published  many 
pamphlets  and  tracts  on  baptism,  which  had  a 
wide  circulation  and  a  great  influence.  He  was  a 
fearless  and  unswerving  friend  of  civil  and  relig- 
ious freedom,  and  stood  in  the  front  of  every  local 
conflict  for  the  cause.  His  life  was  full  of  work. 
Whilst  an  attached  member  of  the' New  Connection 
of  General  Baptists,  his  enthusiastic  and  enter- 
prising advocacy  of  Scripture  baptism  won  for  him 
the  esteem  of  all  earnest  Baptists. 

He  was  ever  active  and  untiring  in  evangelistic 
labors  of  all  kinds;  he  was  emphatically  "ready 
to  every  good  work."  He  died  May  28,  1866. 
aged  seventy-three. 

Winston,  Prof.  Charles  H.,  wms  born  in  Rich- 
mond, Va.  His  father  was  Peter  Winston,  a  dea- 
con in  the  First  Baptist  church.  In  1855  he  grad- 
uated at  Hampden  Sidney  College,  and  was  at  once 
appointed  tutor  and  assistant  professor.  In  1858  he 
took  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  at  the  University 
of  Virginia,  and  was  imnieiliatcly  elected  Professor 


of  Ancient  Languages  in  Transylvania  University. 
In  1859  he  was  elected  a  professor  in  Richmond 
Female  Institute,  and  the  next  year  was  made 
president,  which  position  he  held  until  1873,  when 
he  was  elected  Professor  of  Physics  in  Richiuond 
College. 

During  the  war,  the  exercises  in  the  institute 
being  temporarily  suspended,  Prof.  Winston  was 
in  the  service  of  the  nitre  bureau  of  the  Confederate 
States,  at  Charlotte,  N.  C,  ma'king  sulphuric  acid. 
P>y  his  energy,  skill,  and  fertility  of  resource  he 
won  the  approbation  of  the  bureau  and  of  the  gov- 
ernment. 

The  war  ending,  he  resumed  his  life-work,  for 
which  he  is  pre-eminently  fitted.  As  a  teacher,  he 
is  patient  and  enthusiastic,  with  marvelous  capacity 
for  simplifying  and  making  clear  to  the  dull  or  me- 
diocre intellect.  Like  Procter,  Huxley,  and  other 
scientists,  he  has  delivered  public  lectures,  illus- 
trated by  diagrams  and  experiments,  popularizing 
abstruse  subjects,  and  awakening  much  interest 
and  enthusiasm.  He  has  a  quick,  fertile,  and  sug- 
gestive mind,  never  satisfied  with*  superficial  or 
first  views,  but  going  to  the  "  bottom  of  things." 
As  a  counselor  or  committee-man,  Prof.  Winston 
is  invaluable,  as  preventing  hasty  and  inconsiderate 
action,  and  compelling  a  consideration  of  the  "  other 
side"  of  a  proposition. 

Having  been  president  of  the  City  Sunday-School 
Association,  he  takes  deep  interest  in  the  Sunday- 
school  work,  and  his  pov^'er  to  interest  and  instruct 
children  is  often  called  into  requisition.  As  Pro- 
fessor of  Physics,  he  has  given  his  department 
prominence  and  popularity  in  the  college  and  with 
the  public,  and  at  the  South  is  regarded  as  one  of 
the  leading  scientists. 

Winston,  Rev.  Meriwether,  was  born  in  Rich- 
mond, Va.,  in  1828  ;  educated  at  JIadison  Univer- 
sity;  ordained  pastor  of  the  church  in  Charlottes- 
ville, Va. ;  subsequently  was  pastor  in  New  York 
City,  in  Norfolk,  Va.,  in  Savannah,  Ga.,  and  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  returned  to  the  South  on 
the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  and  entered  the  heav- 
enly rest  in  1866.  He  was  a  genial,  brotherly  min- 
ister, an  eloquent  preacher,  and  a  Christain  whose 
graces  secured  the  love  of  all  that  knew  him. 

Winter,  John,  M.D.,  was  born  in  Wellington, 
England,  in  Julj',  1794.  After  graduating  in  the- 
ology from  Bradford  Seminary,  he  emigrated  to 
Ameriea  in  1822,  and  settled  in  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Here  for  some  time  he  taught  a  school,  and  served 
as  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church.  During 
sixty  years  of  a  very  active  and  successful  minis- 
try his  labors  were  chiefly  in  the  western  part  of 
the  State.  For  a  few  years  he  prp;iclied  in  Illinois, 
where  two  sons  survive  him.  He  died  Xov.  5, 1878, 
in  his  eighty-fifth'  year,  after  an  illness  of  only 
three  days,  in  Sharon,  Mercer  Co.,  Pa. 


WINTER 


12G3 


WISCONSIN 


His  energy  was  more  than  ordinary,  and  his 
character  was  of  a  most  positive  type,  blended  with 
childlil<e  simplicity  and  tenderness  of  heart.  His 
clearness  of  tliour^ht  was  remarkable.  These  traits 
made  him  just  the  man  needed  for  his  day.  Ilenee, 
in  liis  strn<!;fi;les  with  the  errorsof  Alexander  Camp- 
bell, he  performed  pre-eminent  service,  and  checked 
materially  the  s[)read  oferror,  saving  many  ehureiies 
from  beingoverwhelnifMl  and  dcstroyiul.  His  crow^n- 
inji  glory  was  his  great  suoihjss  in  winning  souls  to 
Christ.  To  the  last  of  an  honored  and  useful  life 
he  would  not  allow  his  mind  to  remain  inactive, 
but  kept  himself  well  informed  in  general  and  the- 
ological learning.  Hence  he  was  always  listened 
to  with  marked  interest,  and  continued  fresh  and 
green  until  he  closed  his  earthly  labors. 

Dr.  Winter  was  twice  married.  His  second  wife 
survives  him,  and  is  the  mother  of  two  prominent 
Baptist  ministers. — Rev.  J.  D.  Herr,  D.D.,  of  New 
York,  and  Rev.  A.  J.  Bonsall,  of  Rochester,  Pa. 
A  daughter  is  also  married  to  Rev.  David  Williams, 
of  Lewis])urg,  Pa.,  while  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Winter 
is  united  in  marriage  to  Judge  Justin  Miller,  of  the 
Supreme  (^ourt  of  the  United  States. 

Winter,  Thomas,  D.D.,  son  of  Williani  and 

Sarah  D.  Winter,  was  born  in  the  ancient  borough 
of  Tewkesbury,  Gloucestershire,  England,  P'eb.  20, 
179H.  After  attending  the  best  schools  which  the 
place  afforded,  he  was  put  to  the  business  of  his 
father;  was  baptized  May  7,  1815,  by  Rev.  Daniel 
Trotman  ;  was  soon  after  engaged  in  labor  at  the 
village  stations  of  the  church  until  the  summer  of 
1819,  when,  with  a  small  company  of  friends,  he 
came  to  the  United  States,  landing  in  New  York, 
October  19.  He  proceeded  at  once  to  Philadelphia, 
and  united  with  the  Sansom  Street  (Fifth)  eliurch. 
He  established  a  school  for  young  ladies  at  Bur- 
lington, N.  J.,  while  Rev.  J.  H.  Kennard  was  pas- 
tor there;  was  invited  to  settle  with  the  church  at 
Lyon's  Farms,  N.  J.,  and  was  there  ordained.  Revs. 
Thomas  Brown,  of  Scotch  Plains,  and  David  Jones, 
then  of  Newark,  and  others  officiating.  In  the  sum- 
mer of  1826  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  church  at 
North  f]ast,  N.  Y.,  where  he  remained  until  August, 
1839.  He  then  received  a  call  to  the  neighboring 
church  at  Amenia,  but  declined  in  favor  of  a  call 
from  the  Roxborough  church,  Philadelphia,  where 
he  labored  until  October,  1863.  He  then  yielded 
to  the  earnest  request  of  his  former  charge,  and 
returned  to  North  East,  N.  Y.,  but  was  unable  to 
remain  on  account  of  the  climate.  He  returned  to 
Philadelphia,  and  in  18G.5  removed  his  residence 
and  membership  to  Roxborough,  where  he  still 
lives,  full  of  years  and  honors,  amid  the  homes 
and  hearts  of  those  who  cherish  his  former  minis- 
trations in  grateful  remembrance.  He  received 
the  degree  of  D.D.  in  1800  from  the  university  at 
Lewisburg,  Pa.     He  was  for  many  years  the  secre- 


tary of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Philadelphia 
Baptist  Association  ;  was  moderator  in  1802,  and 
in  that  year  preached  tlu;  doctrinal  sermon  on  "  The 
Government  of  (Jod."  il(^  is  a  stanch  Baptist,  and 
an  able  expounder  of  Bible  doctrines.  He  is  quick 
to  detect  what  he  deems  heresy,  and  is  vigorous 
and  pungent  in  his  defense  of  the  truth.  The 
years  of  his  life  iiave  been  niany,  his  labors  have 
been  abundant;  he  has  kept  the  faith,  the  crown 
is  waiting. 

Winters,  A.  C,  A.M.,  son  of  Daniel  and  Mary 
Winters,  was  born  in  Barrington,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  20, 
1835.  He  gr.aduated  from  Rochester  University 
in  1865.  The  same  year  was  married  to  Miss 
Ilattie  M.  Payne,  of  Hamilton,  N.  Y.  They  both 
obtained  positions  in  the  public  schools  in  Nash- 
ville, Tenn.  Here  they  r(;mained  two  years,  when 
they  went  to  Europe,  and  spent  two  years  attend- 
ing lectures,  and  studying  language  and  history  in 
various  universities.  In  1870  he  was  elected  super- 
intendent of  the  public  schools  in  Wellsborough, 
Pa.  On  the  opening  of  Cook  Academy,  at  Havana, 
N.  Y.,  in  1873,  he  became  Professor  of  Mathematics, 
and  in  1875  the  principal  of  the  institution,  a  posi- 
tion which  he  still  holds.  Mrs.  Winters  is  teacher 
of  German  and  French  in  the  academy. 

Wisconsin  Baptist  State    Convention  was 

organized  at  Delavan  in  July,  1844.  Its  object 
was  to  preach  the  gospel  and  plant  churches  in  all 
the  Territory  of  Wisconsin.  The  ministers  present 
at  the  organization  were  Rev.  Henry  Topping,  Rev. 
Peter  Conrad,  Rev.  A.  B.  Winchell,  Rev.  Benjamin 
Pierce,  Rev.  E.  M.  Underwood,  and  several  others. 
Peter  Conrad  and  A.  B.  Winchell  were  its  first 
itinerant  missionaries.  For  some  time  previous  to 
this  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society 
had  sustained  missionaries  in  the  Territory  and 
aided  the  feeble  churches.  Rev.  A.  Miner  was  at 
this  time  the  general  missionary  of  the  American 
Baptist  Home  Mission  Society.  At  this  early  day 
there  seemed  to  be  wide  differences  among  these 
missionary  pioneers  in  regard  to  the  subject  of 
slavery  and  missionary  societies.  The  American 
Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  and  the  American 
Baptist  Missionary  Union  were  supposed  to  be  in 
affiliation  with  slavery.  Unfortunately,  these  diflfer- 
ences  were  made  jirominent  at  the  very  first  meet- 
ing of  this  ))ody.  As  the  result,  it  perished  in  the 
midst  of  unhappy  strife  at  its  second  anniversary. 
On  the  9th  of  July,  1846,  at  East  Troy,  a  new 
organization  was  effected.  Among  the  brethren 
known  to  be  present  at  this  meeting  were  James 
Delaney,  Lewis  Raymond,  A.  Miner,  J.  W.  Fish, 
P.  Conrad,  Silas  Tucker,  H.  W.  Reed,  N.  Clinton, 
Deacon  Wm.  II.  Byron,  and  Hon.  Charles  Burchard. 
The  meeting  at  which  the  organization  was  effected 
was  held  in  a  grove  of  oaks  in  the  outskirts  of  the 
village  under  the  open  sky.     Deacon  William  II. 


WISCONSIN 


1264 


WISCONSIN 


Byron  in  fervent  prayer  comtnitted  the  object  of 
tlie  meeting  to  the  God  of  missions.  Rev.  Levfis 
Ilayniond  vFas  elected  moderator,  and  Rev.  Peter 
Conrad  clerk.  Wm.  II.  Byron  was  chosen  presi- 
dent, and  H.  AV.  Reed,  of  Whitewater,  secretary. 
The  body  thus  organized  was  called  "  The  Wisconsin 
Baptist  General  Association,"  and  was  auxiliary  to 
the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society.  ■ 

The  work  of  the  Convention  has  been  to  foster 
the  feeble  churches  of  the  State,  and  plant  churches 
in  the  destitute  portions.  Its  relations  with  the 
American  Baptist  Iloirie  Mission  Society  have  been 
of  the  most  fraternal  character,  and  for  many  years 
the  two  organizations  co  operated  in  the  missionary 
work  of  the  State.  The  Convention  has  made  in 
the  efforts  of  thirty-four  years,  either  alone  or  in 
co-operation  with  tiie  American  Baptist  Home  Mis- 
sion Society,  600  missionary  appointments,  and 
through  the  general  and  local  missionaries  has 
organized  more  than  100  churches,  and  extended 
aid  to  almost  every  Baptist  church  in  the  State. 
In  this  work  it  has  expended  about  S200if000.  Its 
missionaries  have  baptized  more  than  2000  converts. 
It  has  fostered  the  work  of  the  -American  Baptist 
Missionary  Union  and  that  of  the  American  Bap- 
tist Publication  Society,  and  given  sympathy  to  the 
educational  work  of  the  State  ;  and  now  has  its 
outposts  along  the  lines  of  new  railroads  and  far 
out  in  tiie  newer  portions  of  the  State.  The  Con- 
vention is  now  (1880)  better  prepared  for  efficient 
work  than  ever  before.  Rev.  D.  E.  Halteman  is  the 
president,  M.  G.  Hodge,  D.D.,  president  of  the 
board,  and  Rev.  A.  R.  Medbury  the  efficient  super- 
intendent and  corresponding  secretary. 

Wisconsin,  Baptists  of. — The  first  Baptist 
minister  who  preached  the'  gospel  in  Wisconsin 
was  Rev.  James  Griffin,  who  died  in  Pewaukee  in 
1876.  He  organized  the  first  Baptist  church  in 
the  Territory  in  Milwaukee  in  1837.  The  city  now 
numbering  150,000  inhabitants  was  then  a  small 
village.  Mr.  Griffin  was  its  first  pastor.  Rev. 
Peter  Conrad,  then  just  graduated  from  Hamilton 
Theological  Institution,  was  settled  as  pastor  in 
1841.  Rev.  Lewis  Raymond  was^  settled  in  1843. 
The  church,  after  passing  through  some  vicissi- 
tudes, is  now  thoroughly  established,  with  Dr.  M. 
G.  Hodge  as  pastor.  There  are  two  other  Amer- 
ican Baptist  churches  in  the  city, — the  Spring 
Street  and  the  South, — also  two  German  churches. 

Tiie  second  church  in  tlie  Territory  was  organ- 
ized by  Ucv.  Benjamin  Pierce,  in  1837,  at  Roches- 
ter, Racine  Co.,  the  org:iiiiz;ition  dating  a  few 
months  later  than  that  of  Milwaukee.  Rev.  Isaac 
T.  Ilinton,  the  first  Baptist  missionary  sent  by  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  to  Chi- 
cago, WHS  present  and  assisted  in  the  organization. 
The  church  was  disbanded  several  years  ago. 

The  third  church  organized  in  the  Territory  was 


the  church  in  Delavan.  The  place  was  settled  by 
two  brothers, — Baptists, — Henry  and  Samuel  Phoe- 
nix, of  Perry,  N.  Y.  The  first  sermon  preached 
in  the  place  was  by  Benjamin  Pierce  to  an  audience 
of  eleven  persons,  in  the  autumn  of  1836.  The  Bap- 
tist church  was  organized  in  the  autumn  of  1839, 
vvith  seventeen  members.  Rev.  Henry  Topping 
was  the  first  pastor.  During  his  pastorate  of  five 
years  the  church  grew  from  17  to  139  members. 
The  first  meeting-house  erectpd  in  the  Territory 
was  built  by  this  church  in  1840. 

The  fourth  church  organized  was  that  of  Prai- 
rieville  (now  Waukesha),  in  the  autumn  of  1839,  a 
little  later  than  that  of  Delavan.  It  was  gathered' 
and  organized  by  the  Rev.  Richard  Griffin,  who 
was  its  first  pastor.  Five  years  after  its  organiza- 
tion it  reported  158  members.  Churciies  were 
soon  after  organized  at  Southport,  Sheboygan,  and 
Lisbon. 

The  first  Association  in  the  Territory  was  formed 
at  Prairieville  in  October,  1839,  and  consisted  of 
seven  churches, — Rochester,  Southport,  Milwaukee, 
Delavan,  Lisbon,  Sheboygan,  and  JpflTerson.  The 
name  given  to  the  Association  was  the  Wisconsin 
Central.  The  number  of  members  is  not  stated  in 
the  minutes.  Rev.  Benjamin  Pierce  was  moder- 
ator, and  P.  M.  Hollister  clerk.  The  only  minis- 
ter present  at  this  meeting  besides  the  moderator 
was  Rev.  Richard  Griffin.  The  next  session  of  the 
Association  was  held  the  following  year  at  South- 
port.  At  the  third  meeting  of  this  body,  held  at 
Delavan  in  1841,  and  in  the  first  Baptist  meeting- 
house erected  in  the  Territory,  thirteen  churches 
were  reported  and  eight  ministers.  In  1843  the 
churches  had  increased  to  twenty,  and  there  were 
fourteen  ordained  ministers,  several  licentiates,  and 
a  membership  of  between  600  and  700.  Among 
the  ministers  present  were  Griffin,  Topping,  Lake, 
Conrad,  Miner,  Carr,  and  Winchell.  So  rapid  was 
the  growth  of  this  body  that  at  its  seventh  anniver- 
sary it 'reported  more  than  thirty  churches  with 
settled  pastors,  and  1500  communicants. 

Milwaukee  Association. — Out  of  this  mother  of 
Associations  the  Milwaukee  Association  was  organ- 
ized, Sept.  9,  1S4G,  at  Sun  Prairie.  Rev.  T.  L. 
Pillsbury  preached  the  opening  sermon.  Rev. 
Peter  Conrad  was  the  moderator,  and  Rev.  II.  W. 
Read  the  clerk.  Sixteen  churches  were  repre- 
sented, of  which  twelve  reported  settled  pastors, 
with  the  regular  preaching  of  the  gospel.  The 
total  mem))ership  of  the  churches  was  620. 

Walicort/i  A.isuriafion. — June  24,  1846,  the  AVal- 
wortli  Association  was  organized  at  Whitewater. 
Rev.  P.  W.  Lake  was  the  moderator,  and  Rev. 
Spencer  Carr  clerk.  Rev.  J.  H.  Dudley  preached 
the  opening  sermon.  Fourteen  churches  composed 
the  organization.  There  were  ten  pastors  and  a 
total  membership  of  889. 


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1265 


WISCONSIN 


Racine  Association. — Sept.  24,  1846,  the  Racine 
Association  was  organized  at  Racine.  Rev.  Silas 
Tuclier  was  tlie  moderator,  and  diaries  S.  Wright 
clerk.  Eiglit  churches,  with  eight  ministers,  en- 
tered the  Association.  A  total  membership  of  414 
was  reported. 

The  al)ove  Associations  having  been  formed  from 
the  churches  of  the  Wiscjonsin  Association,  and  oc- 
cupying the  field  of  the  mother  Association,  that 
hody  held  its  last  meeting  with  the  Baptist  church 
at  Delavan,  June  24,  ]<'<4o.  lloswell  Clieen(;y 
preached  the  introductory  sermon.  Lewis  Ray- 
mond was  the  moderator,  and  Henry  Topping  the 
clerk. 

Tlius  it  appears  that  in  eight  years  after  the  or- 
ganization of  the  first  Baptist  church  in  the  Terri- 
tory there  were  thirty-six  churches  organized,  with 
a  membership  of  nearly  2001),  and  thirty  pastors. 

Early  Educational  Movements. — The  first  meeting 
for  educational  purposes  in  the  State  was  held  at 
Beloit,  Nov.  5  and  f),  1S.3I.  Of  this  meeting  Na- 
thaniel Crosby,  of  Jancsville,  was  chairman,  and  J. 
W.  Fish,  of  Geneva,  was  clerk.  Among  those  pres- 
ent were  Ichabod  Clark,  of  Rockford,  111.  ;  Charles 
Hill  Roe,  D.I).,  then  just  arrived  from  England, 
and  afterwards  the  widely-known  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Belvidere,  111. ;  James 
Schofield,  the  father  of  Gen.  Schofield,  of  the  U.  S. 
army,  and  Dr.  James  V.  Schofield,  of  St.  Louis, 
who  was  then  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Free- 
port,  111. ;  Lewis  Raymond,  A.  J.  Joslyn,  Prof. 
S.  S.  Whitman,  and  James  Delaney.  Profs.  Stone 
and  Graves,  of  Kalamazoo  Literary  and  Theolog- 
ical Institute,  Mich.,  were  present,  and  proposed  to 
these  brethren  in  AVisconsin  and  Northern  Illinois 
co-oper.ation  with  the  brethren  in  Michigan  in  the 
educational  work  of  the  State,  by  sending  students 
to  their  school  at  Kalamazoo,  and  furnishing  their 
quota  of  means  for  its  support.  The  plan  of  co- 
operation, after  long  and  mature  consideration,  was 
not  agreed  to.  Tiie  institution  at  Kalamazoo  was, 
however,  commended  to  the  churches  of  the  State 
and  to  young  men  seeking  theological  instruction. 

The  following  resolutions  were  adopted  : 

I.  That  this  Convention  proceed  to  form  an  edu- 
cation society,  which  shall  embrace  the  Baptists  of 
the  Northwest,  and  secure,  as  far  as  practicable, 
the  co-operation  of  brethren  in  Northern  Illinois, 
Wisconsin,  Iowa,  and  Minnesota. 

II.  That  a  committee  be  af)pointed  to  fix  upon 
the  location  for  a  literary  and  theological  institu- 
tion ;  tiiat  that  committee  be  authorized  to  receive 
propositions  from  such  places  as  may  desire  the 
institution,  and  from  a  survey  of  the  comparative 
advantages  decide,  reporting  their  decision  to  a 
future  meeting  of  the  F;ducation  Society,  which 
shall  confirm  or  annul  it. 

Articles  of  constitution  were  adopted,  and  offi- 


cers and  a  board  of  directors  elected.  Elisha 
Tucker,  D.D.,  was  elected  president,  and  Rev.  Jirah 
D.  Cole,  D.D.,  corresponding  secretary.  Among 
the  names  of  members  of  tiie  board  the  following 
appeared :  Rev.  L.  W.  Lawrence,  Rev.  0.  J.  Dear- 
born, George  Haskell,  D.D.,  and  Rev.  H.  G.  Weston, 
then  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Peoria, 
III. 

The  hoard  at  once  issued  an  address  to  the 
churches  of  the  Northwest.  In  giving  their  rea- 
sons for  the  establishment  of  a  theological  semi- 
nary in  the  Northwest,  they  named  among  others 

(1)  the  great  and  rapid  growth  of  the  Northwest, 

(2)  the  hundreds  of  churches  destitute  of  pastors, 

(3)  the  retention,  in  the  East,  of  the  best  Western 
men  educated  in  Eastern  colleges  and  seminaries. 

(4)  the  importance  of  having  the  pastors  of  West- 
ern churches  educated  in  Western  institutions,  (5) 
and  the  reflex  influence  upon  the  churches  them- 
selves. It  is  believed  that  this  was  the  first  Educa- 
tional Convention  of  any  considerable  importance 
held  in  the  Northwest.  The  design  was  to  estab- 
lish a  theological  school,  centrally  located,  for  the 
States  of  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  and  Iowa.  It  origi- 
nated witli  Wisconsin  Baptists,  and  Beloit  was  ex- 
pected to  be  the  site  of  the  institution ;  and,  although 
these  hopes  were  not  fully  realized,  the  movement 
inaugurated  at  this  Convention  had  an  important 
bearing  in  educating  public  sentiment  and  prepar- 
ing the  way  for  the  establishment  of  the  theologi- 
cal seminary  at  Chicago  fifteen  years  later. 

Statistics. — There  are  in  the  State  1 1  English- 
speaking  Associations,  containing  165  churches, 
with  a  total  membership  of  10,200.  Of  this  num- 
ber, ISOt)  are  non-resident  members.  There  are  in 
the  State  24  foreign-speaking  churches,  with  a 
membership  of  1200,  and  adding  the  membership 
of  unassociated  churches,  the  grand  total  of  Bap- 
tists in  Wisconsin  is  12,000.  But  91  of  the  165 
churches  have  pastors,  and  of  these  91  some  have 
the  pastor  but  a  part  of  the  time.  Many  of  the 
churches  are  small  and  the  membersliip  much  scat- 
tered. In  1875,  according  to  the  State  census,  the 
liopulation  of  the  State  was  1,236,000,  giving  2.3 
inhal)itants  to  the  square  mile.  This  population  i.s 
very  unequally  distributed  over  the  54,000  square 
miles  of  territory.  The  two  northern  Associations 
— the  Central  and  the  St.  Croix — extend  over  more 
than  half  the  area,  and  yet  contain  less  than  one- 
seventh  of  the  population  of  the  State,  they  having 
less  than  6  inhabitants  to  the  square  mile,  while 
the  rest  of  the  State  has  an  average  of  44  to  the 
s(|iiare  mile, — the  densest  population  being  in  the 
i  Lake  Shore  Association,  which  lias  85  inhabitants 
to  the  square  mile.  These  two  Associations — the 
Central  and  the  St.  Croix — contain  respectively 
14,000  and  16,000  square  miles,  while  the  Wal- 
worth Association  contains  only  700  square  miles. 


WISCONSIN 


1206 


WISCONSIN 


In  population  the  Lake  Shore  Association,  with 
330,000  inhabitants,  is  the  largest,  and  Walworth, 
with  32,000,  the  smallest.  The  total  number  of 
.  members  of  our  associated  chui'ches  is  a  little  less 
than  one  per  cent,  of  tiie  population,  there  being 
one  Baptist  to  108  inhabitants.  The  smallest  pro- 
portion of  Baptists  is  in  the  Dane  Association  (one 
to  250  persons),  and  the  largest  proportion  is  in 
the  Walworth  Association  (one  to  26),  and  in  the 
Janesville  Association  (one  to  43  pei-sons).  Next 
to  the  Dane  the  Lake  Shore  Association  has  the 
smallest  proportion  of  Baptists  (one  to  160  per- 
sons). In  the  city  of  Milwaukee  the  Baptists  are 
very  few,  being  in  proportion  of  one  Baptist  to  190 
of  population,  but  the  fourteen  other  cities  having 
a  population  of  over  5000  each  will  average  one 
Bapcist  to  64  inhabitants,  showing  that  we  are 
stronger  in  proportion  in  the  cities  than  in  the 
country.  The  churches  average  63  members.  But 
one  church  in  the  State  reports  a  membership  of 
over 400, — that  of  Delavan, — and  but  two  churches 
report  a  membership  of  300  and  less  than  400.  The 
churches  of  Janesville  and  Racine,  and  the  great 
majority  of  the  165  churches,  have  less  than  100 
members. 

Sunday-schools. — There  are  in  the  State  149 
Sunday-schools,  with  1565  officers  and  teachers, 
and  10,540  scholars,  and  an  average  attendance  last 
year  of  8246.  Thirty-two  churches  are  without 
Sunday-schools.  There  are  22  mission  Sunday- 
schools. 

Mission  Circles. — There  are  61  foreign  mission 
circles  and  18  mission  bands  in~  the  State.  These 
circles  raised  last  year  $1500.  Of  our  165  churches, 
104  have  no  circles.  The  number  of  home  mission 
circles  cannot  be  ascertained," as  the  work  of  organ- 
izing them  has  but  just  commenced  in  the  State. 

Ministers  and  Pastors. — There  are  in  the  State 
197  ordained  ministers.  Of  these,  97  are  pastors. 
One  hundred  of  our  ordained  ministers  are  without 
fields  of  labor,  although  68  of  our  churches  are 
without  pastors,  and  scores'  of  cities,  towns,  and 
villages  in  the  State  are  without  Baptist  churches. 

Church  Property. — The^alue  of  the  church  prop- 
erty is  in  the  aggregate  about  §500,000.  On  this 
property  there  is  an  indebtedness  of  §30,000.  The 
largest  and  finest  Baptist  meeting-house  in  the 
State  is  that  of  the  church  in  Janesville,  erected  in 
1868,  at  a  cost  of  $45,000.  The  First  church  in 
Milwaukee,  First  in  Oshkosh,  Racine,  La  Crosse, 
and  Beloit  have  good  houses  of  worship.  The 
church  at  Delavan  is  engaged  in  building  a  fine 
house. 

Church  Expenses  and  Be:)ievolence. — The  churches 
of  the  State  raised  last  year  for  local  church  ex- 
penses $116,727.34,  and  for  Christian  benevolence 
$12,378.67,  a  grand  total  of  $129,106.01,  an  average 
for  each  resident  member  of  $11.73  for  local  church 


expenses  and  $1.90  for  Christian  benevolence,  a 
total  average  of  $13.63  per  member. 

Comparisons.— ^llo\f  Baptists  stand  in  proportion 
to  the  population  in  other  States  may  be  ascer- 
tained by  a  glance  at  the  following  table,  which 
was  prepared  by  Maj.  11.  M.  Robert,  of  the  U.  S. 
army,  and  published  in  the  minutes  of  the  Wiscon- 
sin State  Convention  for  1877-78,  and  I  am  in- 
debted to  his  kindness  for  its  use  here : 


Population. 
1877. 

BapHsts. 
1877. 

Population  to 
1  Baptist. 

Wisconsin 

l,27fi,noo 

30,0110,000 
16,700.IKI0 
40,700,000 

12,600 

600,000 

1,400,000 

2,000,000 

101 

50 

12 

United  States 

23 

Belgians 10,000 

Austrians 10,000 

Swedi-s C.OOO 

French 0,000 

All  otlier  foreigners 11,000 


Foreign  Population. — The  proportion  of  foreign- 
ers to  Americans  is  greater  in  Wisconsin  than  any 
other  State.  The  proportion  of  foreigners  in  the 
Northern  States  and  in  the  Southern  is  very  dis- 
proportionate, it  being  nearly  five  times  as  great 
in  the  Northern  States  as  in  the  Southern  States. 
Of  the  Northern  States,  the  greatest  "proportion  of 
foreigners  is  in  AVisconsin,  where  it  is  sixtN'-four 
per  cent.,  or  two-thirds  of  the  entire  population. 
The  following  table  will  give  a  clear  view  of  the 
proportion  of  foreigners  to  the  English-speaking 
population.  For  a  population  of  1,236,000  we 
should  have  the  following  figures : 

Americans 446,000 

Foreiffnera  J  English-speaking,  250,000  1     ^annm 

loreigners |  FoiVign-speaking,  540,000/     '"".w^' 

Germans 350,000     " 

Norwegians 87,000 

Bohemians 2:i,000 

Hollanders 13,01  0 

Swiss 13,iiai 

Danes 11,000 

Wisconsin  has  three  and  one-quarter  times  as 
many  foreigners,  or  five  times  as  many  foreign- 
speaking  foreigners,  as  tlH>  average  throughout  the 
Northern  States.  Omitting  the  Border  States  of 
Maryland  and  Missouri,  Wisconsin  has  forty  times 
as  many  foreigners  to  one  thousand  Americans  as 
the  Southern  States.  If  Wisconsin  were  to  lose 
550,000  of  her  foreign  population,  she  would  then 
have  just  her  share  of  foreigners  compared  with  the 
other  Northern  States. 

These  facts  must  be  known  in  order  to  understand 
Wisconsin  as  a  mission  field.  These  hundreds  of 
thousands  of  foreigners  are  here  without  evangel- 
ical religion,  and  even  without  evangelical  belief. 
Every  fsiriii  of  unbelief  is  industriously  at  work  to 
mould  and  control  these  rising  communities. 
Romanism,  infidelitj^,  and  a  subtle  liberalism  are 
uniting  their  forces  in  almost  superhuman  efibrt 
to  shape  the  foundation  of  things.  There  is  no 
more  important  mission  field  on  the  American  con- 
tinent than  AVisconsin,  and,  unless  Christians  in 
the  older  States  bestir  tliemselves,  these  growing 
centres  of  population  and  all  sorts  of  power  will 


WITT 


1267 


WITT 


crystallize  into  strongholds  of  Satan.  Tliose  facts, 
too,  will  explain  tlie  feeble  condition  and  slow 
growth  of  our  churches  during  the  last  fifteen 
years.  They  are  planted  right  in  the  centres  of 
this  infidelity,  jjnd  surrounded  by  an  almost  im- 
prcgnablo  ofiposition. 

Witt,  Daniel,  D.L.,  was  liorn  in  Bedford  (^o., 
Va.,  Nov.  8,  1801.  His  parents  wen-  both  exem- 
plary Christians.  His  hoaltli  was  ijuite  frail  all 
through  life,  and  very  few  of  his  friends  supposed 
that  he  could  live  any  great  length  of  time.  His 
quickening    into    a    new  life    began    in   August, 

1821,  during  what  was  at  that  time  called  a  "  Sec- 
tion meeting,"  held  at  Hatcher's  meeting-house. 
Here  began  that  attai^hment  between  himself  and 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Jeter  which  continued  unbroken 
until  Mr.  AVitt's  death.  For  many  weeks  he  con- 
tinued in  deep  atiguish  of  spirit ;  but  on  the  21st 
of  October,  1821,  he  was  enabled  to  rejoice  in  a 
good  ho[)e,  through  grace;  and  in  December  of 
the  same  year  Ik;  was  baptized.  He  immediately 
began  to  tak(!  pjirt  in  the  neighborhood  prayer- 
meetings  and  in  publicly  addressing  the  impeni- 
tent.    His  first  sermon  was  preached  on  Feb.  11, 

1822,  and  he  was  licensed  April  13  of  the  same 
year.  He  soon  traveled  through  the  counties  of 
Henry,  Patrick,  Pittsylvania,  atid  Campbell,  preach- 
ing continually  the  gospel,  and  with  marked  suc- 
cess. In  the  winter  of  1822-23  he  visited  Rich- 
mond, and  preached  to  the  congregations  there 
with  great  acceptance ;  soon  after  he  made  an- 
oth(!r  visit,  and  formed  the  acquaintance  of  some  of 
the  most  prominent  niidistiM-s  of  Lower  Virginia, 
among  them  Rice,  Semple,  Broaddus,  Baptist,  and 
Kerr.  On  the  formation  of  the  General  Associa- 
tion in  1823,  Dr.  Witt  and  his  friend  Dr.  Jeter 
were  appointed  its  first  missionaries,  and  the  field 
assigned  them  embraoed  the  counties  of  Henry, 
Patrick,  Montgomery,  Grayson,  Giles,  Wythe, 
Monroe,  Greenbrier,  Pocahontas,  Alleghany,  Bath, 
Rockl)ridge,  and  Botetourt,  throughout  tlxs  whole 
extent  of  which  there  were  but  a  few  feeble  Bap- 
tist churches,  while  at  the  same  time  there  was 
great  spiritual  darkness,  and  a  bitterly-developing 
anti-missionary  spirit.  They  preached  everywhere 
and  continually,  and  were  the  instruments  of  doing 
much  good.  This  being  rather  an  exploring  trip 
than  a  permanent  missionary  engagement,  they 
passed  into  and  through  the  southeastern  portions 
of  the  State,  and  thence  to  King  and  Queen,  where 
they  were  to  make  their  report  to  the  board  of  the 
General  Association  at  its  session  in  the  fall.  Mr. 
Witt  remained  with  Dr.  Semple  for  a  few  months 
after  the  meeting  of  the  board,  making  some  prep- 
aration with  him  for  wider  usefulness  in  his  work. 
Still  acting  as  missionary,  he  passed  to  Williams- 
burg, which  he  made  his  headquarters,  and  preached 
with  great  success  both  there  and  in  the  adjoining 


counties.  After  the  winter  of  1823-24  he  returned 
to  his  home  in  Bedford,  and,  still  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  board,  continued  his  labors  in  the  Valley 
of  Virginia. 

Near  the  close  of  the  year  1824  he  removed  to 
Charlotte,  to  assist  the  Rev.  A.  W.  Ciofiton  in  his 
interesting  field  of  labor  there.  The  relatioTi  thus 
formed  was  of  great  benefit  to  Mr.  Witt,  as  he  en- 
joyed the  instructions  of  one  who  had  received  a 
collegiate  education,  and  who  owned  a  larger 
library,  perhaps,  than  any  other  Baptist  ministcsr 
in  the  State,  and  who  at  the  same  time  was  "a 
diligent  student,  a  sound  preacher,  an  in<lefatigal)le 
laljorer,  and  one  of  the  most  devotedly  pious  men." 
His  preaching  here  was  very  attractive,  drawing 
large  congregations,  and,  so  far  as  can  be  learned, 
successful.  Here  also,  in  182.5,  lie  had  a  severe 
attack  of  sickness,  which  brought  him  almost  to 
the  grave.  After  leaving  (Hiarlotte  he  went  to 
I'rince  Edward  County,  and  having  organized  the 
Sharon  cliurch  at  Sandy  River,  he  became  its 
pastor,  and  continued  in  that  relation,  highly 
honored  and  loved,  for  forty-five  years,  until  his 
death.  During  this  long  period  his  church  was 
blessed  with  frequent  revivals  ;  large  numbers  were 
added,  not  only  to  his  own  church,  but  also  to 
others,  and  it  is  said  that  there  were  very  few  per- 
sons in  the  church  at  any  particular  time  that  were 
not  ('onverted.  Dr.  Witt,  while  pastor  of  the 
Sharon  church,  was  also  occasionally  pastor  of  other 
churches,  such  as  .Jamestown,  in  Cumberland  ; 
Union,  in  Prince  Edward  ;  and  Lebanon,  in  Notto- 
way. It  is  thought  that  he  baptized  during  his 
long  career  as  a  minister  at  least  2.')00  persons.  In 
all  related  duties  outside  the  pulpit  Dr.  AVitt  was 
punctual  and  efficient.  In  Associational  meetings 
he  was  genial  in  manner,  dignified  in  bearing, 
weighty  in  counsel,  and  ready  to  perform  any  ser- 
vice assigned  him.  Sickness  and  death,  at  dif- 
ferent times,  in  the  household  which  he  so  much 
loved  saddened  the  latter  days  of  this  good  man's 
life,  though  no  more  submissive  spirit  ever  mani- 
fested itself  in  like  circumstances  than  that  which 
characterized  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  He  died 
Nov.  15,  1871,  in  his  seventy-first  year,  full  of 
honors,  and  greatly  beloved  by  all  who  knew  him. 

As  a  man,  his  most  intimate  friend  has  said  that 
he,  "of  all  the  active  men  whom  he  had  known, 
was  the  most  faultless.^'  He  was  marked  for  his 
genuine  humility.  He  was  very  disinterested. 
His  piety  was  beautiful  and  attractive.  As  a 
preacher,  he  could  have  no  higher  encomium  than 
this,  "  His  sermons  were  full  of  Christ.  He 
preached  him  first,  him  last,  him  all  the  time. 
With  Witt  the  theme  never  grew  old,  never  lost 
its  interest  or  its  power,  and  was  never  exhausted. 
To  the  last  day  of  his  life  he  could  find  something 
new  to  preach  about  Christ." 


WITT 


1268 


WO  MACK 


Witt,  Jesse,  was  bom  in  Virginia.  After  his 
conversion  lie  preached  with  marked  success  in 
churches  in  the  region  between  Petersburg  and 
Lynchburg;  removed  to  Texas  about  1851;  la- 
bored in  Eastern  Texas  with  great  ability  and  sig- 
nal success.  In  natural  force  he  was  in  no  respect 
inferior  to  his  brother,  Daniel  Witt,  the  early  com- 
panion and  life-long  friend  of  Jeremiah  B.  Jeter. 
He  rarely  failed  to  produce  a  profound  impression 
by  his  perspicuous,  earnest,  and  fervent  preaching. 
lie  died  v^hen  about  fifty  years  of  age,  a  short  time 
before  the  civil  war. 

Wolfe,  Hon.  C.  S.,  was  bom  at  Lewisburg,  Pa., 
April  6,  1845.  He  graduated  at  the  university  at 
Lewisburg  in  1866,  and  in  Harvard  Law-School  in 
July,  1868.  He  was  admitted  to  Union  County 
bar  at  the  September  term  of  1868.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Lewisburg  school  board  from  1871 
to  1873.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania house  of  representatives  since  1873. 

Mr.  Wolfe  is  one  of  the  most  talented  young  men 
in  the  State.  He  is  a  power  in  the  Legislature. 
His  integrity,  his  indignation  against  corruption, 
his  fearless  courage,  his  ready  use  of  weighty  ar- 
guments, have  given  him  a  remarkable  prominence 
in  a  body  where  there  are  many  men  of  ability  and 
of  mature  years.  His  constituents  admire  him,  and 
the  enemies  of  corruption  in  State  affairs  applaud 
him.  The  people  of  his  State  regard  him  as  one 
whose  name  and  influence  will  not  be  long  confined 
to  Pennsylvania. 

Mr.  Wolfe  is  an  honored  member  of  the  Baptist 
church  of  Lewisburg,  and  since~]875  a  member  of 
the  board  of  trustees  of  the  university  at  that 
place. 

Wolverton,  Rev.  John,  was  born  about  1775, 

of  New  Jersey  parentage.  But  little  is  known  of 
his  earlier  life.  We  find  him  as  a  licentiate  in 
the  Shamokin  Baptist  church,  Pa.,  in  1807  ;  he  was 
ordained  in  1811.  He  died  May  20,  1822.  He 
served  the  church  with  much  acceptance  and  use- 
fulness for  fifteen  years. 

Womack,  B.  R.,  D.D.,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1846. 
His  parents  were  Abner  C.  AVomack  and  Isabella 
Blackburn  Patton.  His  birthplace  was  near  Belle- 
fonte,  Jackson  Co.,  Ala.  In  early  life  he  was  a  great 
reader  of  all  sorts  of  books,  and  especially  of  the 
New  Testament.  The  Saviour  found  him  and  re- 
vealed his  love  in  his  heart,  after  which  he  was 
baptized,  in  1865,  at  Kyle's  Spring,  Jackson  Co., 
Ala.,  where  service  was  sustained  by  an  "arm"  of 
Friendship  Baptist  church.  Soon  after  he  began  to 
pray  and  speak  in  public,  when  a  revival  descended 
frouj  the-  throne  of  the  heavenly  grace  and  scores 
of  his  irreligious  friends  were  converted  to  God, 
and  a  church  was  organized  at  Kyle's  Springs, 
which  he  named  Bethel. 

Determined  to  secure  an  education,  of  which  he 


had  a  very  exalted  opinion,  and  to  the  acquisition 
of  which  he  was  greatly  encouraged  by  the  words 
in  Webster's  old'  spelling-book,  "  Assiduous  study 
will  accomplish  anything  within  human  power,' 


B.  R.  WOMACK,  D.D. 

he  entered  Union  University,  Murfreesborough, 
Tenn.,  in  1868,  where  he  remained  four  years,  de- 
livering the  valedictory  in  1872.  lie  declined  a 
professorship  in  Latin  which  was  offered  to  him. 
He  entered  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Semi- 
nary the  same  year,  and  remained  in  it  three  ses- 
sions, and  graduated  in  all  the  schools  except  one. 
He  then  entered  the  theological  seminary  at  Chi- 
cago, and  graduated  as  a  post-graduate  in  1875-76, 
giving  his  whole  time  to  ecclesiastical  history  and 
philosopliy.  This  last  period  of  study  he  regarded 
as  the  most  profitable  of  his  life. 

He  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Broad  Street 
church  of  Augusta,  Ga.,  where  he  labored  eighteen 
months.  In  October,  1877,  he  took  charge  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Jlemphis,  Tenn.,  but, 
through  failing  health,  resigned  in  December,  1879, 
and  became  editor  of  the  Baptist  Reflector,  of  Nash- 
ville, Tenn.,  in  connection  with  the  Rev.  J.  B. 
Clieves.  ^  The  paper  at  the  time  was  in  a  very  low 
condition,  but  it  speedily  received  new  life,  and 
became  a  power  in  Tennessee. 

]Mr.  AVoniack  early  in  this  year  yielded  to  the 
urgent  request  of  the  Baptists  of  Arkansas  to  take 
charge  of  the  Arkansas  Evangel,  with  Rev.  J.  B. 
Searcy  as  associate  editor,  in  Southeastern  Arkansas. 
The  paper  is  succeeding  admirably.  He  has  recently 
received  the  degree  of  lloctor  of  Divinity. 


WOMAN'S 


1269 


WOMEN'S 


Dr.  Woinack  is  endowed  with  a  fine  intellect, 
superior  attainments,  great  piety,  and  enduring 
perseverance.  If  iiis  life  is  spared  he  will  perform 
eflective  service  for  the  Saviour  and  for  the  Baptist 
denomination  which  he  instituted,  and  of  wiiich 
he  was  tlio  hoad. 

Woman's  Baptist  (Foreign)  Missionary  So- 
ciety.— The  formation  of  women  into  separate  or- 
ganizations for  the  promotion  of  the  cause  of  for- 
eign missions  is  a  thing  of  comparatively  recent 
date.  The  leading  evangelical  denominations  in 
this  country  have  such  women's  societies  in  con- 
nection with  their  general  missionary  societies. 
•Many  earnest  workers  among  the  women  of  the 
Baptist  churches  felt,  as  far  back  as  1869  and  1870, 
that  the  time  had  come  for  them  to  organize  such 
societies.  In  January,  IS7I,  there  came  from  Mrs. 
Carpenter,  of  the  Bassein  Mission,  a  most  touching 
appeal  for  the  f  irmation  of  women's  societies,  which 
should  be  auxiliary  to  the  Missionary  Union.  Tho 
first  movement  towards  an  answer  to  this  appeal 
was  made  in  Newton  Centre  by  the  meeting  to- 
gether of  eleven  ladies,  members  of  the  church  in 
that  place,  on  the  2Stii  of  February,  1871,  to  consult 
together  about  what  could  ])e  d()n(;  more  effectually 
to  reach  heathen  women  througii  schools  and  Chris- 
tian training.  At  the  meeting  a  beginning  was 
made  by  choosing  officers,  drafting  a  constitution, 
and  preparing  a  circular  to  be  presented  to  the 
churches,  to  interest  the  female  members  in  the 
work  of  missions.  A  meeting  of  about  200  ladies 
was  held  at  the  (Marendon  Street  church,  Boston, 
on  the  3d  of  April,  1871,  and  the  Woman's  Baptist 
Missionary  Society  was  formally  organized,  the 
purpose  being  distinctly  avowed  that  it  was  to  be 
auxiliary  to  the  Union.  The  compensation  of  the 
female  missionaries  appointed  by  the  society  and 
the  distribution  of  funds  raised  are  left  with  the 
parent  society.  The  amount  raised  during  the  first 
seven  years  of  the  existence  of  the  society  has  been 
§193,448. 92.  The  field  of  the  home  operations  of 
the  society  is  the  New  England  and  Middle  States 
and  the  District  of  Columbia.  The  following  mis- 
sionaries have  been  appointed  by  the  Union  at  the 
suggestion  of  the  society,  and  their  support  lias 
come  from  its  treasury :  Miss  Kate  F.  Evans,  Miss 
Cornelia  II.  Rand.  The  four  following  were  al- 
ready on  the  foreign  field  :  Misses  Ilaswell,  Gage, 
Watson,  and  Adams.  These  ladies  were  the  ob- 
jects of  the  society's  special  care  the  first  year'of 
its  existence.  Miss  Sarah  B.  Barrows  was  sent  out 
the  second  year,  and  the  support  of  Mrs.  M.  C. 
Douglass  was  assumed  by  the  society.  Two  ladies 
•were  sent  out  the  third  year, — Miss  Lawrence  and 
Mrs.  J.  J.  Longley.  Misses  Manning,  Walling,  and 
Stetson  received  appointments  in  the  fourth  year, 
and  Miss  Chace,  Mrs.  Estabrooks.  Miss  Sands,  and 
Miss  Kidder  in  the  fifth  year.     Two  appointments 


were  made  the  sixth  year, — Miss  Sheldon  and  Miss 
Payne;  and  .Misses  Bromley,  McAllister,  llaihbun, 
and  Day  the  last  year.  Some  other  female  mis- 
sionaries in  the  foreign  field  have  also  received  aid 
from  this  society.  During  the  last  year  Misses 
Batson  and  llussell  were  sent  out.  It  has  been 
felt  that  it  is  the  special  work  of  the  society  to  look 
after  the  education  of  females.  It  labors  in  entire 
harmony  with  the  Missionary  Union,  and  is  its 
most  valuable  and  reliable  lielper.  The  society 
was  incorporated  by  the  Legislature  of  Massachu- 
setts in  October,  1874.  Its  present  officers  are  Mrs. 
(iardner  Colby,  President;  Mrs.  J.  N.  Murdoch, 
Vice-President;  Miss  S.  C.  Durfee,  Clerk;  Mrs. 
Alvah  Hovey,  Corresponding  Secretary;  Miss  Mary 
E.  Clarke,  Treasurer  and  Assistant  Corresponding 
Secretary.     The  receipts  for  1880  were  ?4r).  178.32. 

Woman's  Baptist  Missionary  Society  of  the 

West. —  I'he  idea  of  a  Baptist  woman's  f)rganiza- 
tion,  to  co-operate  with  the  Missionary  Union  in 
carrying  the  gospel,  especially  to  heathen  women, 
seems  to  have  first  been  discussed  in  the  AVcst,  at 
a  farewell  service  held  in  Chicago  in  August,  1870, 
on  the  occasion  of  the  departure  of  one  of  the  mis- 
sionaries of  the  Union  to  the  field  of  his  labor  in 
-Vssam.  The  idea  ripened  into  the  formation  of 
•'  The  Woman's  Baptist  Missionary  Society  of  the 
West"  on  the  9th  of  May,  1871,  with  Mrs.  Robert 
Harris  as  President;  Mrs.  C.  N.  Iloldcn,  V^ice- 
President ;  Mrs.  C.  F.  Tolman,  Corresponding 
Secretary  ;  Mrs.  A.  M.  Bacon,  Recording  Secre- 
tary;  Mrs.  S.  M.  Osgood,  'i'reasurer;  and  an  ex- 
ecutive board  of  ladies  chosen  from  different 
churches.  The  two  societies,  the  one  in  the  East 
and  the  other  in  the  West,  were  formed  within  a 
few  weeks  of  each  other.  They  both  antiounced 
the  same  object  to  be  accoiiiplisiied,  and  liotli  are 
auxiliary  to  the  Missionary  Union,  making  the 
eastern  boundary  of  the  Ohio  the  dividing  line  be- 
tween the  two.  The  first  lady  who  volunteered  to 
go  out  under  the  auspices  of  the  new  society  was 
Miss  A.  L.  Stevens,  of  Wisconsin,  who  sailed  for 
Biirmuh  in  November,  1871,  and  in  a  few  week.s 
she  was  followed  by  Miss  L.  Peabody,  of  Virden, 
111.  The  first  year's  report  showed  that  the  treas- 
urer had  received  $4244.09;  that  131  auxiliary 
societies  had  been  formed,  and  30  life-members 
been  made.  The  second  year  the  income  had  in- 
creased •  to  S0390.88.  There  were  247  auxiliary 
societies,  81  life-members,  6  missionaries,  and  4 
Bible  women.  The  work  of  the  Western  Woman's 
Missionary  Society  has  been  from  the  beginning 
fruitful  in  the  best  results.  Auxiliary  societies 
have  been  formed  all  over  the  West.  Tlie  income 
for  last  year  (18S0)  was  §19.3S6.11. 

Women's  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  was 
organized  at  Chicago,  Eel).  1,  1S77,  its  objv^ct  being 
the    promotion   of   Christian   evangelism    in   the 


WOOD 


1270 


WOOD 


homes  of  the  freed  people,  the  Indians,  and  the 
foreign  population.  Its  principal  officers  at  the 
first  organization  were:  President,  Mrs.  J.  N. 
Grouse,  Cliicago ;  Vice-Presidents,  Mrs.  E.  Bacon, 
Springfield,  111.,  Mrs.  C.  B.  Blackall,  Cliicago; 
Recording  Secretary,  Miss  Lizzie  Goodman,  Clii- 
Ciigo ;  Corresponding  Secretary,  Mrs.  C.  Sycift, 
Chicago  ;  Treasurer,  Miss  Olivia  Bryant,  Chicago  ; 
Editor,  Mrs.  J.  A.  Smith.  The  fields  at  present 
occupied  by  the  society  are  New  Orleans,  La., 
Newbern,  N.  C,  Beaufort,  S.  C,  Columbia,  S.  C, 
Richmond,  Va.,  Raleigh,  N.  C,  Live  Oak,  Fla., 
Selma,  Ala.,  the  Choctaw,  Chickasaw,  and  Semi- 
nole nations  in  Indian  Territory,  with  missions 
among  [the  Scandinavians  in  Illinois  and  Min- 
nesota. The  receipts  in  money  during  the  first 
year  amounted  to  $4089.85;  in  goods,  $2618.81. 
During  the  year  1879-80  the  amounts  were,  re- 
spectively, cash,  $9089.16;  goods,  $2551.81.  The 
present  officers  are:  President,  Mrs.  Grouse,  witii 
eighteen  Vice-Presidents,  in  as  many  different 
States:  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  Wm.  Mathews, 
Chicago;  Corresponding  Secretary,  Mrs.  Swift; 
Treasurer,  Mrs.  R.  R.  Donnelly.  There  is,  besides. 
an  executive  board  of  eight  ladies  residing  in 
Chicago,  Mrs.  J.  S.  Dickerson  being  chairman. 

Wood,  Rev.  Jesse  M.,  was  born  in  Elbert  Co., 
Ga.,  Oct.  14,  1815.  Ilis  parents  are  of  English  de- 
scent, and  came  to  Georgia  from  Virginia.  They 
removed  to  Monroe  County  in  1835,  where  Jesse 
M.  Wood  received  in  early  life  the  best  educational 
advantages  the  county  aff'orded. ,  He  entered  Mer- 
cer University  at  Penfield,  where  he  stood  at  the 
head  of  his  classes  while  in  the  institution.  He 
did  not  graduate  on  account  .of  ill  health.  He  re- 
ceived, however,  a  certificate  of  scholarship  and 
moral  standing.  The  degree  of  A.M.  was  bestowed 
on  him  by  the  trustees  in  the  year  1842.  After 
leaving  Penfield  he  began  to  teach  at  Knoxville,  in 
the  academy  at  that  place,  but  at  the  end  of  two 
and  a  half  years  was  compelled  to  cease  by  failing 
health. 

In  1839  lie  was  hopefully  converted,  joined  the 
church  at  Forsyth,  and  was  licensed  to  preach.  In 
1843  he  was  ordained  at  the  same  place,  and  in  a 
short  time  was  actively  engaged  in  ministerial 
labor,  serving  various  churches  in  Middle  and 
Southwestern  Georgia  until  1849,  when  he  took 
up  his  residence  at  Cedar  Town,  Polk  Co.,  and, 
besides  taking  charge  of  the  church  there,  opened 
a  high  school  for  young  ladies.  This  school  was 
very  prosperous,  and  developed  into  the  Woodland 
Female  College,  and  was  placed  first  under  the 
care  of  the  Coosa  Association,  which  bought  tlie 
buildings  from  Mr.  Wood,  and  then  under  the 
care  of  the  Cherokee  Baptist  Convention. 

Under  Mr.  Wood's  pastorate  the  Cedar  Town 
church    was   wondrously  prosperous,    four    other 


churches  being   formed    from   it,  and  yet  it  still 
maintained  a  membei-ship  of  several  hundred. 

Under  such  an  accumulation  of  labors  it  is  not 
wonderful  that  his  health  broke  down  completely, 
and  that  he  was  forced  to  suspend  all  hvbor  and 
repair  to  the  mountains  of  Virginia  to  recuperate 
in  1856.  He  continued  with  the  Cedar  Town  church 
until  1860.  In  the  mean  time  he  had  aided  in  the 
formation  of  the  Cherokee  Baptist  Convention,  and 
had  assisted  in  establishing  and  building  up  the 
Cherokee  Baptist  College  and  the  Banner  and  Bap- 
tist^ of  which,  for  several  years,  he  was  an  editor. 

The  casualties  of  war  left  him  with  few  or  no  re-  • 
sources  when  peace  was  restored,  and  he  was  com- 
pelled to  rely  for  a  support  upon  his  ministerial 
labors.  ■  In  1870  he  again  entered  upon  an  editorial 
life  by  taking  an  interest  in  the  Baptist  Banner. 
published  at  Curaming,  Ga. 

Rev.  Jesse  M.  Wood  is  a  man  of  strong  charac- 
ter, with  strong  likes  and  dislikes.  With  great 
natural  courage,  he  possesses  a  large  amount  of 
caution,  which  makes  him  reserved,  and  sometimes 
hesitating.  He  is  a  pious  and  faithful  Christian  ; 
a  man  of  strong  convictions  on  all  religious  ques- 
tions, and  bold  in  their  avowal.  As  a  preacher, 
he  is  logical,  eloquent,  and  effective,  sometimes 
powerful.  He  has  always  been  a  strong  advocate 
of  missions  and  education,  and  at  heart  is  a  regu- 
lar missionary  Baptist,  in  full  accord  with  the  j>re- 
vailing  sentiments  of  the  Georgia  Baptists,  but 
with  views  of  his  own  on  some  points  of  mere 
management.  His  influence  has  been  considerable 
in  the  denomination,  and  he  has  sought  to  use  it, 
to  the  best  of  his  judgment,  for  the  advancement 
of  Christ's  cause. 

Wood,  Rev.  Nathan,  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Wyocena,  Wis.  A  native  of  Rensselaer 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  born  Aug.  6, 1807  :  passed 
his  early  childhood  on  his  father's  farm,  in  Augusta, 
Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.  He  was  converted  in  1831,  and 
baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  Augusta  by  Rev.  P.  P.  Brown.  Soon  after  his 
conversion  he  felt  that  God  had  called  him  to 
preach  the  gospel ;  but  he  resisted  his  convictions 
for  several'years,  intending  to  give  himself  to  bus- 
iness pursuits.  In  1835  the  question  of  his  call  to 
the  ministry  being  so  plain  that  he  could  not  evade 
the  duty  without  sinning  against  the  clearest  liglit, 
he  entered  Madison  University,  and  graduated  in 
1839.  Fn  September  of  the  same  year  he  entered 
Hamilton  Theological  Seminary,  and  graduated  in 
1841.  Before  graduating  from  the  seminary  he 
received  a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Georgetown,  JIadison  Co..  N.  Y..  which 
he  accepted,  and  was  ordained  by  this  church  Sept. 
2,  1841.  Here  he  remained  five  years.  In  1846 
he  received  and  accepted  a  call  to  the  Baptist  church 
in  Versailles,  Cattaraugus  Co..  N.  Y.     In  1847  he 


WOOD 


1271 


WO  01)  BURN 


came  to  Wyoceiui,  Wis.,  and  preached  the  first  ser- 
mon ever  delivered  in  the  town.  In  Septeml)er, 
1848,  he  received  and  accepted  a  call  to  the  pastor- 
ate of  the  Baptist  cliurcli  in  Forestviile,  N.  Y.,  and 
continued  in  this  rchition  five  years.  In  the  au- 
tumn of  18r)3  he  returned  to  VVyocciui,  Wis.,  and 
took  cliarge  of  tiie  Baptist  churcii  which  had  been 
formed  in  his  absence.  Ilavinj;  received  a  call 
from  tlie  church  in  Baraboo,  Wis.,  he  removed  to 
tiiat  field  in  1857,  returning  to  Wyocena  three 
years  afterwards  to  resunie.his  pastorate  with  that 
church,  which  continues  to  this  day. 

Mr.  Wood's  ministry  has  been  attended  with 
powerful  revivals  of  religion.  During  his  pastor- 
ate of  three  years  at  Baraboo  he  added  over  100  to 
the  church  by  baptism.  Similar  results,  in  a 
greater  or  less  degree,  have  attended  all  his  settle- 
ments. His  aid  to  pastors  in  seasons  of  special 
religious  interest  has-  been  invaluable  and  widely 
sought.  His  son.  Prof.  N.  E.  Wood,  is  the  able 
principal  of  Wayland  Academy. 

Wood,  Nathaniel  Milton,  D.D.,  was  bom  in 
Camden,  Me.,  May  24,  1822.  He  prepared  for 
college  in  his  native  town  ;  entered  Waterville  Col- 
lege in  1840,  and  graduateil  in  1844.  He  spent  a 
year  as  tutor  in  the  family  of  Gen.  Browning,  of 
Columbus,  Miss.  He  became  a  student  in  the 
Western  Theological  Institute,  where  he  had  as 
teachers  Rev.  Drs.  Pattison  and  E.  G.  Robinson. 
He  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  Skowhegan,  Me.,  and  remained  there  until  Jan. 
1,  1852,  when  he  removed  to  Waterville,  where  he 
labored  for  eight  years  as  pastor  of  the  First  Bap-. 
list  cliurch.  For  the  next  six  years  he  was  pastor 
at  Lewiston,  and  then,  for  nearly  two  years,  he  was 
at  Thomaston.  From  Maiiu-  he  removed,  in  May, 
1868,  to  Upper  Alton,  111.,  where  he  was  pastor  of 
the  church  until  March,  1872,  at  which  time  he  was 
elected  Professor  of  Systematic  Theology  in  Shurt- 
leEF  College.  He  had,  for  two  years,  given  instruc- 
tion in  this  department.  At  length  his  health 
failed  him.  He  resigned  his  position,  returned 
East,  lived  for  a  time  in  South  Boston,  preaching 
as  opportunity  presented,  but  growing  weaker  all 
the  time,  until  he  was  forced  to  hiy  aside  all  minis- 
terial work.  He  went  back  to  his  early  home, 
wiiere  he  was  confined  but  a  few  weeks,  and  died 
Aug.  2,  1870. 

Dr.  Wood  was  successful  as  a  minister  of  the 
gospel.  "  He  was  a  strong,  clear,  and  logical 
thinker  and  writer,  and  as  a  preacher  was  earnest, 
pungent,  and  convincing.  Few  hearers,  intellectu- 
ally well  endowed  or  trained,  failed  to  appreciate 
liim  as  a  sermonizer  of  great  power."  His  own 
college  conferred  on  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity  in  18()7.  He  was  a  member  of  the  board 
of  trustees  of  Colby  University  from  1862  to  1869, 
and  of  Shurtleff  College  from  1868  to  1874. 


Wood,  Prof.  N.  E.,  M.A.,  the  principal  of 
Waylaml  Academy,  was  born  in  Forestviile,  N.  Y. 
His  father  is  Rev.  Nathan  Wood,  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Wyocena,  Wis.,  one  of  the  early 
pioneer  Baptist  ministers  of  tiie  State.  When 
lour  years  of  age,  his  father  rcimoved  from  the 
State  of  New  York  to  Wyocena,  Wis.,  where  he 
passed  his  boyhood.  At  an  early  period  in  life 
he  obtained  a  hope  in  Clirist  and  united  with 
the  Baptist  church  of  which  his  father  was  pastor. 
He  coinpleted  his  preparatory  course  of  study  at 
Wayland  Academy.  He  entered  the  University 
of  Chicago  in  1868,  and  graduated  with  honor  in 
the  class  of  1872.  He  pursued  his  theological 
studies  at  the  Baptist  Union  Theological  Seminary 
of  Chicago,  completing  the  full  course,  and  gradu- 
ating in  1875.  He  was  ordained  to  the  work  of 
the  ministry  in  September  of  the  same  year. 
Having  offers  to  settle  in  well-established  and 
prominent  churches,  Mr.  Wood  declined  them, 
and  began  his  ministry  with  a  small  Baptist  mis- 
sion in  Chicago  which  had  been  under  the  fostering 
care  of  the  Second  Baptist  church.  Out  of  this 
nnssion  he  organized  the  Centennial  Baptist  church. 
During  his  pastorate  of  two  years  he  received  200 
persons  into  membership  in  the  church,  and  the 
Sunday-school  grew  to  400.  He  secured  the  erec- 
tion of  a  house  of  worship  for  the  church  at  a  cost 
of  $13,000.  On  the  foundation  he  thus  laid  in 
self  denial  and  prayer  has  grown  one  of  the  most 
prosperous  churches  in  Chicago.  In  1877,  ^Ir. 
Wood  resigned  his  highly-successful  pastorate  in 
Chicago  to  accept  the  position  of  principal  of  Way- 
land  Academy,  which  had  been  tendered  him  by 
the  board  of  trustees,  and  wliich  he  now  holds. 
Mr.  Wood  had  long  cherished  the  desire  to  teach, 
believing  that,  next  to  the  work  of  the  ministry, 
Christian  education  was  of  the  highest  importance. 
June  27,  1873,  Mr.  Wood  was  married  to  Miss  Al- 
ice Robinson  Boise,  daughter  of  Dr.  J.  R.  Boise, 
the  eminent  Greek  scholar,  now  a  professor  in  the 
Chicago  Theological  Seminary,  a  lady  of  the  high- 
est culture,  and  an  accoinplished  teacht^r  of  the 
Greek  and  modern  languages.  All  her  tastes  and 
acquirements  led  her  to  the  class-room  and  the 
profession  of  teaching.  Doubtless  his  marriage 
with  Miss  Boise,  combined  with  his  own  admirable 
qualifications  for  the  work,  led  .Mr.  Wood  to  devote 
himself  to  the  work  of  higher  Christian  education. 
Pnif.  Wood,  while  engaged  in  teaching,  has  not 
abandoned  the  ministry.  He  preaches  frequently, 
with  constantly-growing  power.  He  is  among  the 
ablest  preachers  in  the  State,  and  as  an  educator 
has  taken  a  high  position.  The  institution  over 
which  h('  presides  is  pre-eminently  Christian  in 
its  character,  and  the  education  imparted  is  most 
thorough. 

Woodbum,   B.  F.,   D.D.,  was  born   March  23, 


WOODBURN 


1272 


WOODLAA'D 


1832,  in  Crescent  township,  Alleghany  Co.,  Pa. 
His  grandparents  emigrated  froiu  tiie  north  of 
Ireland,  and  his  father  settled  fifteen  miles  below 
Pittsburgh  about  the  time  of  Gen.  Anthony  Wayne's 


B.   F.   WOODBURN,    D.D. 

expedition.  A  block-house  on  the  opposite  bank 
was  then  occupied  by  sixteen  men  to  guard  tlu- 
settlers  froni  Indian  incursions.  The  son  having 
received  an  English  education,  became  in  early  life 
captain  of  various  steamers  .plying  on  the  Ohio, 
Mississippi,  Arkansas,  and  Cumberland  Rivers. 
From  his  earliest  recollections  he  had  occasional 
serious  thoughts.  These  became  more  constant  in 
the  year  1857,  and  eventually  brought  him  to  a 
saving  knowledge  of  Christ.  On  Jan.  10,  1858,  he 
united  with  the  Presbyterian  Church,  under  the 
shadow  of  which  he  had  grown  up,  and  which  was 
the  home  of  his  kindred.  After  a  mental  struggle  he 
determined  to  prepare  for  the  ministry,  and  entered 
Jefferson  College  in  the  Freshman  year.  Among 
fifty  graduates  he  was  awarded  the  first  honor,  and 
delivered  the  valedictory.  Soon  after  uniting  with 
the  I'resbyterian  Church  he  had  his  infant  daughter 
baptized;  but  while  in  college,  when,  according  to 
the  rules  of  the  church,  duty  required  the  presen- 
tation of  his  second  child  for  baptism,  his  mind 
became  exercised  on  this  point,  and  after  reading, 
reflecting,  and  f)raying,  he  was  surprised  to  find 
that  the  Word  of  God  shed  no  light  on  the  relation 
of  baptized  infants  to  the  church.  His  child  was 
not  baptized.  By  degrees  the  truth  of  our  principles 
became  clear  to  his  mind,  and  two  yeivrs  before  his 
graduation  he  was  in  heart  a  Ba|itist :   but  there 


being  no  Baptist  church  in  Canonsburg  he  did  not 
unite  with  the  Baptists  until  he  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  A.  K.  Bell,  D.D.,  May  11,  1862,  having  then 
removed  to  Alleghany  Citj'. 

After  this  important  event  he  entered  the  West- 
ern Tiieologieal  Seminary  in  Alleghany,  receiving 
nothing  but  kindness  frojn  the  Presbyterian  pro- 
fessors, notwithstanding  his  known  change  of  views. 
In  18G5  he  graduated,  and  in  September  was  or- 
dained pastorof  the  Mount  Pleasant  Baptist  church. 
In  this  relation  he  continued  four  years,  and  then 
accepted  the  call  of  the  Sandusky  Street  Baptist 
church,  Alleghany  City,  made  vacant  ))y  the  resig- 
nation of  Dr.  Bell.  This  relation  still  continues, 
to  the  edification  and  comfort  of  the  church  and  to 
its  general  prosperity'.  Lewisl)urg  at  its  commence- 
ment in  1881  conferred  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity  on  Mr.  AVoodburn.  Dr.  Woodburn  is 
among  the  strong  men  of  the  Baptists  in  Penn- 
sylvania. 

Woodfin,  A.  B.,  D.D.,  now  pastor  of  the  First 
church  of  Montgomery,  Ala.,  is  one, of  the  most 
amiable  and  successful  Baptist  ministers  in  the 
South.,  He  was  born  in  Richmond,  Va.,  and  edu- 
cated at  Richmond  College.  He  studied  divinity 
at  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary.  In 
October,  1862,  he  was  ordained  to  the  ministry,  and 
took  charge  of  ]Mudd3'  Creek  church,  Powhatan 
Co.,  Va.,  one  of  the  oldest  and  best  countr\' churches 
in  the  State.  He  resigned  his  charge  in  186-1,  and 
became  a  chaplain  in  Gordon's  Georgia  Brigade. 
On  the  return  of  peace  he  settled  in  the  valley  of 
-Virginia  as  pastor  of  two  churches,  to  both  of 
which  large  accessions  were  made  during  his  min- 
istry. In  December,  1868,  he  took  charge  of  the 
St.  Francis  Street  church.  ]\Iol)ile,  where  he  labored 
five  and  a  half  years,  during  which  225  were  added 
to  the  church,  and  the  house  was  enlarged  and  im- 
proved at  a  cost  of  more  than  S30,000,  by  which  it 
was  rendered  one  of  the  most  comfortable  and 
beautiful  church  edifices  in  the  South.  Subse- 
quently he  was  settled  in  Columbia,  S.  C,  where 
his  ministry  was  a  great  blessing.  And  in  Mont- 
gomery, Ala.,  his  present  pastorate,  lie  is  justly 
esteemed  as  a  man  of  tine  endowments  and  abilities. 
He  is  a  superior  scholar,  a  diligent  student,  a  good 
pastor,  one  of  the  best  of  preachers,  and  a  devoted 
Christian.      His  people  love  him. 

Woodland  Female  College.— This  institution 
was  opened  as  a  high  school  l)y  Rev.  J.  M.  Wood, 
in  1851.  at  Cedar  Town,  Polk  Co.,  Ga.,  under  the 
name  of  the  "  Cedar  Town  Fenuile  High  School,"' 
and  was  chartered  in  1853,  Rev.  .J.  M.  Wood  being 
the  first  president.  The  property  was  bought  by 
the  CoOsa  Baptist  Association,  and  afterwards 
placed  under  the  auspices  of  the  Cherokee  Bap- 
tist Convention.  As  professors  in  the  literary  de- 
partment it  had  J.  D.  Collins,  Dr.  W.  B.  Crawford, 


WOODRUFF 


1273 


WOODS 


and  J.  A.  Arnold.  Shortly  before  the  war  Rov. 
J.  M.  Wood  was  suoeeedod  in  the  presidency  by 
Dr.  William  ]J.  Crawford,  who  resij;ned  previous 
to  the  war.  The  calamities  of  war  extinj^iiished 
this  institution,  whieli  for  years  was  very  success- 
ful, and  educated  a  lar^^e  number  of  younj;  ladies. 
It  maintained  a  regular  corps  of  instructors,  and 
was  hiuiutirully  located. 

Woodruff,  Capt.  A.  B.,  was  born  in  Spartan- 
burg District,  S.  C,  in  1825.  He  was  baptized  at 
an  early  at;c,  and  has  been  clerk,  treasurer,  and 
deacon  of  the  only  church  of  which  he  has  ever 
been  a  member.  He  was  chiefly  instrumental  in 
organizinj^  the  Spartanburg  Association  three  or 
four  years  ago,  and  has  been  clerk  ever  since,  as  he 
long  was  of  tlie  old  Tyger  River.  lie  has  served 
two  terms  of  two  years  each  in  the  State  Legislature. 
Ife  is  one  of  the  most  accurate  of  business  men. 
lie  is  a  natural  mechanic,  and  can  make  almost  i 
anything  in  wood,  iron,  silver,  or  gold.  He  has 
been  and  is  a  great  blessing  to  his  section,  being 
one  of  the  most  liberal  and  progressive  of  citizens. 
His  hand,  voice,  pen.  and  purse  are  always  ready 
for  the  public  service.  As  a  speaker  in  political 
or  Sunday-school  work,  in  the  latter  of  which  he 
ever  shows  a  special  and  practical  interest,  he  is  at 
once  graceful  and  forcible. 

Woods,  Rev.  Abel,  was  born  in  Princeton, 
Mass.,  Aug.  15,  1705,  of  parents  who  were  worthy 
members  of  the  Congregational  church  in  that 
place.  He  became  a  subject  of  converting  grace  in 
1783,  and  after  pray(U'ful  deliberation  con<;luded  to 
enter  the  Christian  ministry.  His  views  having 
changed  on  the  mode  and  subjects  of  Christian 
baptism,  he  was  baptized  and  admitted  into  the 
Baptist  church  in  Leicester.  Mass.  lie  supplied 
the  pulpits  of  churches  in  his  immediate  neigh bor- 
iiood  for  a  few  years,  and  then  was  ordained  pastor 
of  the  church  in  Shoreliam,  Vt.,  which  had  been 
formed  from  converts  whom  he  led  to  the  Saviour 
in  that  place.  The  ordination  took  place  in  Fel>- 
ruary,  1795. 

For  fifteen  years  Mr.  Woods  remained  pastor  of 
the  church  in  Shoreliam,  and  had  the  satisfaction 
of  witnessing  three  revivals  during  this  period,  and 
the  church  greatly  strengthened  under  his  minis- 
try. After  a  year's  service  for  the  Vermont  Mis- 
sionary Society,  he  acted  as  the  pastor  of  several 
churches  in  Vermont,  his  term  of  service  not  being 
very  long  with  any  one  of  them,  but  a  special  bless- 
ing following  his  labors  wherever  he  preached. 
The  home  of  his  declining  days  was  in  Hamilton, 
N.  Y.,  where  he  died  Aug.  11,  1850.  Mr.  Woods 
was  the  father  of  Rev.  Dr.  Alva  Woods,  of  Provi- 
dence, and  of  the  wife  of  Rev.  Dr.  R.  E.  Pattison. 
He  was  also  the  brother  of  Rev.  Dr.  Leonard 
Woods,  of  Andover. 

Woods,   Alva,   D.D.,    was  born  at  Shoreliam, 
81 


Vt.,  Aug.  n,  17y4,  his  father,  Rev.  Abel  Woods, 
being  the  pastor  of  the  Haptist  church  in  that  place. 
He  was  fitted  for  college  at  the  Phillips  Academy 
in  Andover,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 


AI.VA     WOODS,    D.D. 

1817.  He  ]iursued  his  theological  studies  at  the 
seminary  in  Andover,  where  he  graduated  in  1S21. 
On  leaving  Andover  he  was  chosen  Professor  of 
Mathematics  and  Natural  Philosophy  in  Columbian 
College,  Washington,  D.  C,  and  held  the  office  three 
years,  one  of  which  was  spent  in  Europe.  In  1824 
he  was  elected  Prof(>ssor  of  Mathematics  and  Nat- 
ural Philosophy  in  IJrown  University.  He  held  this 
chair  until  1828,  when  he  was  elected  president  of 
Transylvania  University,  Lexington,  Ky.,  and  re- 
mained in  office  until  1831,  when  he  removed  to 
Tuscaloosa  to  take  the  presidential  chair  of  the 
University  of  Alabama.  He  remained  in  this  po- 
sition until  1837.  Since  1839  he  has  resided  in 
Providence,  R.  I.  As  a  trustee  and  Fellow  of 
Brown  University  and  of  the  Newton  Theological 
Institution,  Dr.  Woods  lias  shown  his  interest  in 
the  cause  of  education,  to  which  he  has  devoted  so 
many  years  of  his  life.  Five  scholarships  in  the 
former  and  a  lectureship  on  elocution  in  the  latter 
attest  the  sincerity  of  this  interest.  The  honorary 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  upon 
Dr.  Woods  by  Brown  University  in  1828. 

Woods,  Rev.  Byron  R.,  was  bom  in  .Jersey, 
Licking  Co..  O..  .\pri!  4,  1851  ;  graduated  at  Madi- 
son University,  N.  Y.,  in  1873  ;  graduated  at  Hamil- 
ton Theological  Seminary,  N.  Y.,  in  1875  ;  ordained 
and  settled  as  pastor  of  First  Baptist  church  in 


WOODS 


1274 


WOOD SMALL 


New  London,  Conn.,  July  1,  1875;  has  two  brotli- 
■ers  who  are  also  ministers ;  he  is  an  able  minister 
of  Christ. 

Woods,  Rev.  E.  A.,  A.M.,  was  bom  in  Homer, 
Licking  Co.,  0.  In  early  life  he  gave  his  heart 
nnd  service  to  the  Saviour,  and  entered  at  once 
upon  a  course  of  study  preparatory  to  the  Chris- 
tian ministry. 

After  suitable  academic  training  be  entered 
Denison  University  in  1859,  and  after  spending 
two  years  there  entered  the  Junior  class  in  Madi- 
son University,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1863. 

Eager  for  the  work  to  which  he  had  solemnly 
consecrated  his  life,  and  resolved  to  have  the  best 
possible  mental  and  spiritual  outfit  for  it,  he  en- 
tered at  once  upon  a  course  of  study  in  the  Hamil- 
ton Theological  Institution,  from  which  he  gradu- 
ated in  1865. 

He  was  ordained  the  same  year  at  Little  Falls, 
N.  Y.,  but  was  soon  after  called  toFlemington, 
N.  J.,  where  he  had  a  prospei'ous  pastorat^of  about 
five  years.  In  the  mean  time  alieautiful  house  of 
worship  was  built,  and  the  church  enlarged  and 
strengthened.  In  1871  he  was  called  to  the  pastor- 
ate of  the  First  Baptist  church,  Saratoga  Springs, 
where  he  labored  successfully  for  nearly  five  years. 

In  1876  he  received  an  urgent  call  to  the  Stew- 
art Street  church,  Providence,  R.  I.,  where  for 
four  years  he  took  rank  with  the  ablest  preachers 
of  the  city,  and  was  very  highly  esteemed  by  a 
large  circle  of  literary  and  Christian  friends.  His 
decision  to  leave  Providence  was  received  with 
wide-spread  regret,  but  the  order  of  a  Higher 
Providence  seemed  imperative,  and  he  must  obey. 
In  1880  he  became  pastor  of -the  First  church,  Pat- 
erson,  N.  J.,  where  he  now  labors  with  large  hopes 
of  future  usefulness. 

Mr.  AVoods  is  a  thorough  scholar  and  a  sound 
theologian.  As  a  writer,  he  is  luminous  and  vig- 
orous ;  as  a  preacher,  eminently  Biblical  and  evan- 
gelical;  as  a  pastor,  judicious  and  sympathetic; 
as  a  friend,  true-hearted  and  generous.  He  is 
strongly  attached  to  the  doctrines  and  polity  of  his 
own  denomination,  and  labors  earnestly  to  pro- 
mote its  interests,  but  cherishes  the  most  kindly 
and  fraternal  feelings  towards  the  followers  of 
Christ  of  every  name.  Mr.  Woods  takes  a  deep 
interest  in  the  great  missionary  and  educational 
movements  of  the  day,  and  the  cause  of  humanity 
everywhere  finds  in  him  warm  sympathy  and  gen- 
erous support. 

He  has  two  brothers  in  the  Baptist  ministry, 
both  of  whom  have  already,  though  young,  distin- 
guished themselves  as  able  ministers  of  the  New 
Testament, — Rev.  H.  C.  Woods,  A.M.,  pastor  of 
the  First  church,  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  and  Rev.  B. 
A.  Woods,  A.M.,  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church, 
New  London.  C^onn. 


Woods,  Rev.  H.  C,  was  born  of  Baptist  parent- 
age in  Homer  township,  Licking  Co.,  0.,  July  11, 
1842;  was  converted  to  Christ  when  about  fifteen 
years  of  age;  was  baptized  by  Rev.  David  Adams 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Jer- 
sey, 0. 

Very  soon  after  his  conversion  the  duty  of 
preaching  the  gospel  was  deeply  impressed  upon 
his  mind.  After  preparing  fpr  college,  he  spent 
the  Freshman  year  at  Denison  University,  Gran- 
ville, 0.  The  Sophomore  year  he  entered  Madison 
University,  N.  Y.,  graduating  from  college  in  1865. 
and  from  the  theological  seminary  in  1867. 

He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at 
Fayetteville,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  26,  1867.  His  labors  in 
his  first' field  were  accompanied  by  the  divine  bless- 
ing in  conversions,  and  in  other  ways  strengthen- 
ing the  church.  In  consequence  of  failing  health, 
he  resigned  the  pastorate  in  the  spring  of  1872. 
He  spent  about  one  year  regaining  his  health  in 
Colorado.  In  March,  1873,  he  accepted  the  call 
of  the  Baptist  cimrch  of  Greeley,  Col,  He  labored 
in  this  field  one  year  and  a  half,  and  was  greatly 
prosj^ered  in  his  work.  In  October,  1874,  he  ac- 
cepted the  call  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Min- 
neapolis, Minn.,  and  entered  upon  his  labors  Nov. 
1,  1874.  His  pastorate  with  this  church  still  con- 
tinues (1880),  and  his  labors  have  been  greatly 
blessed,  the  church  having  more  than  doubled  its 
membership  under  his  ministrations.  His  excel- 
lent wife  died  Feb.  28,  1876.  His  second  marriage 
was  to  Miss  Mary  A.  Eaton,  the  youngest  daughter 
of  the  late  G.  W.  Eaton,  D.D.,  of  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 
He  was  married  July  11,  1878.  As  a  preacher  and 
pastor  his  position  has  been  an  honorable  one  with 
the  churches  he  has  served.  In  all  the  benevolent 
work  of  the  denomination,  at  home  and  abroad,  he 
has  borne  an  active  part.  ' 

Woodsmall,  Rev.  Harrison,  president  of  the 

Alabama  Baptist  Normal  and  Theological  School 
for  colored  people,  at  Selma,  Ala.,  was  born  in 
Owen  Co.,  Ind.,  June  9,  1841.  His  parents,  Jef- 
ferson H.  Woodsmall  and  3Ialvina  Wilhite,  were 
Virginians,  and  l)rought  him  up  on  a  farm,  send- 
ing him  to  country  schools  in  the  fall  and  winter 
months.  At  si.\teen  years  of  age  he  entered  the 
State  University,  where  he  remained  a  student 
until  the  civil  war  broke  out,  when  he  enlisted,  in 
June,  1861,  in  the  14th  Indiana  Regiment.  He 
served  in  Virginia,  and  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of 
Antietam.  Afterwards  he  rose  to  be  first  a  captain, 
and  then  a  major,  in  the  llStli  Indiana  Regiment. 
He  was  converted  and  baptized  in  1863.  when  at 
home  on  a  furlough,  after  being  wounded,  and 
joined  Little  jMount  Baptist  church.  While  in 
the  army  he  managed  to  study  law,  and  at  the 
return  of  peace  he  attended  a  law-school  at  Ann 
Arbor,  Mich.,  afterwards  practising  the  profession 


WOODWARD 


1275 


WOOLSEY 


in  Indiana  for  about  six  yoars.  Durinj^  those  years 
he  took  an  active  part  in  Sunday-school  and  tem- 
perance work,  and  also  in  politics.  Convictions 
that  it  was  his  duty  to  (Miter  the  ministry  were 
gradually  ripening  in  his  mind,  and  though  he  re- 
moved to  St.  J'aul,  Minn.,  and  engaged  in  the 
jiraetice  of  the  law,  he  could  not  shake  off*  tliesc 
impressions.  They  deepened  while  he  was  attend- 
ing the  State  Convention  at  Mankato,  and,  after  a 
week's  decisive  struggle,  on  bended  knee,  with  the 
Bible  alone  for  the  man  of  his  counsel,  ho  threw 
up  the  law  and  returned  to  Indiana,  resolved  to 
give  himself  to  such  work  as  the  Lord  mightdirect. 
After  spending  some  months  in  voluntary  labor 
among  the  colored  people  of  Indiana,  he  deter- 
mined to  enter  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological 
Seminary  for  ii  course  of  preparatory  study.  He 
went  to  Greenville  in  1872,  and  remained  until  the 
summer  of  1873,  when  he  began  work  aiuong  the 
colored  people  of  (ieorgia,  as  an  appointee  of  the 
Sunday-School  Board  of  the  Georgia  Baptist  Con- 
vention. While  laboring  in  this  field  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Mary  K.  Howes,  of  Macon,  Dec.  29, 
1873.  The  following  year  he  accepted  an  appoint- 
ment under  tlie  American  Baptist  Publication  So- 
ciety, and  labored  among  the  colored  people  in 
Georgia  for  six  months.  He  next  employed  him- 
self as  an  evangelist  for  the  Home  Mission  So- 
ciety, holding  ministers'  institutes  in  Georgia,  Ala- 
bama, Tennessee,  and  Kentucky  until  some  time  in 
1877.  In  such  work  ho  is  an  adept,  and  fully  com- 
prehends the  wants  of  the  colored  ministers,  and 
knows  how  to  meet  those  wants.  His  efforts  were 
very  successful  while  thus  engaged. 

In  January,  1878,  he  took  charg(!  of  the  Ala- 
bama Baptist  Normal  and  Theological  School, 
under  the  management  of  the  colored  Baptists  of 
Alabama.  It  was  opened  by  IMr.  and  Mrs.  Wood- 
small  in  a  Baptist  church  in  Selma.  Grounds  (30 
acres)  and  temporary  buildings  were  contracted 
for.  Mrs.  Woodsmall  at  once  turned  to  Indiana 
for  a  teacher  and  her  support.  Miss  Emma  E. 
Jordan,  of  Indianapolis,  went  as  teacher,  and  the 
Baptist  women  of  the  State  guaranteed  her  salary. 

The  work  has  gone  on  very  auspiciously.  During 
the  year  the  colored  Baptists  of  Alabama  have 
raised  $9000  for  the  school.  The  property  is  now 
worth  §10,000.  The  school  numbers  over  300 
pupils. 

Mr.  Woodsmall,  though  constitutionally  frail  of 
body,  has  vast  energy,  clear  views,  and  great  faith 
in  God  and  Christianity.  He  gave  himself  and  his 
whole  property  to  the  cause,  and  he  is  now  seeing 
the  fruits  of  his  labor.  The  Home  Mission  So- 
riety  has  appropriated  Si>00i)  per  annum  to  the 
work  since  .Vpril  I,  ISSII. 

Woodward,  Rev.  William,  a  native  of  South 
Carolina,  came    to  Alabama   early   in   his  youth. 


where  he  enjoyed  a  long  and  useful  life.  He  was  a 
citizen  of  extensive  intiuence.  Served  several  ses- 
sions in  the  senate  of  the  State  from  West  Alabama. 
But  h(!  found  his  highest  honor  and  happiness  in  the 
Ciiristian  ministry.  Few  were  better  versed  in  the 
affairs  of  state  ;  fewer  still  were  as  well  acquainted 
with  the  Word  of  God,  and  he  loved  it  and  preached 
it  with  great  power.  He  died  Sept.  7,  1871,  aged 
seventy-nine.  His  father  was  a  Baptist  minister. 
His  brother,  the  Hon.  J.  A.  Woodward,  now  of 
Talladega,  was  for  many  years  a  distinguished 
member  of  Congress  from  South  Carolina. 

Woolsey,  Rev.  J.  J.,  was  born  in  Austcrlitz, 
N.  Y.,  in  1805  ;  converted  when  quite  young;  edu- 
cated at  Hamilton,  from  which  he  graduated  in 
1833.  Among  his  classmates  were  Comstock, 
Dean,  Howard,  and  Webb,  who  went  as  mission- 
aries to  th(!  heathen.  Before  leaving  Hamilton, 
Mr.  Woolsey  supplied  the  church  at  Cassville  for 
about  two  years,  where  a  goodly  shower  of  convert- 
ing grace  descended  and  many  souls  were  brought 
to  Jesus.  He  declined  a  pressing  call  to  settle  in 
Cassville.  In  the  spring  of  1834  he  accepted  an 
invitation  to  become  pastor  of  the  church  of  Pike, 
in  Western  New  York,  where  the  spirit  soon 
brought  souls  in  numbers  to  the  Saviour.  In  Pike 
he  received  ordination. 

Through  failing  health  Mr.  Woolsey  purposed  to 
visit  the  South,  and  on  his  way  he  preached  in  the 
Central  Baptist  church  of  Philadelphia,  by  whose 
kind  people  he  was  persuaded  to  try  the  effect  of 
their  climate  upon  his  enfeebled  system,  and  to  take 
charge  of  their  church.  He  took  the  oversight  of 
the  Central  church,  and  served  it  with  great  accept- 
ance for  three  years.  During  this  period  he  gained 
the  confidence  of  the  Baptists  of  Philadelphia  and 
the  reputation  of  a  very  able  and  scholarly  preacher. 

Mr.  Woolsey  accepted  an  invitation  from  the 
Blockley  (Philadelphia)  church  on  his  retirement 
from  the  pastorate  of  the  Central,  and  labored 
among  them  faithfully  for  two  years,  during  which 
signal  blessings  rested  upon  his  ministry.  But  his 
labors  were  too  much  for  his  fee)>le  health,  and  in 
March,  1840,  he  .accepted  an  invitation  from  the 
Baptist  church  of  Norwalk,  Conn.,  which  he 
served  for  seven  years,  and  then  was  constrained 
by  his  old  trouble  to  retire  from  its  f)astorate. 
Afterwards  he  accepted  an  agency  from  the  Amer- 
ican and  Foreign  Bible  Society,  to  whos'e  service 
he  gave  five  years  of  untiring  and  fruitful  effort, 
when  the  Norwalk  church  gave  him  a  unanimous 
call  to  return  among  them,  which  brought  him  back, 
to  their  great  joy  and  profit.  The  Bible  Society, 
highly  appreciating  his  talents  and  his  success,  ap- 
pointed him  its  financial  secretary.  In  this  office 
he  rendered  such  service  as  few  men  had  the  ability 
to  give. 

Mr.  Woolsey  is  the  author  of  several   publica- 


WORCESTER 


1276 


WORDEX 


tions,  the  most  remarkable  of  which  is  "  The  Doc- 
trine of  Christian  Baptism,  Examined  by  the  Ac- 
knowledged Principles  of  Biblical  Interpretation.'' 
Of  this  work  Benedict  says,  "  Tlie  title  of  Mr. 
Woolsey's  book  is  well  sustained  throughout  his 
discussions."  It  is  a  work  of  very-great  merit,  a 
republication  of  which  would  be  of  great  service 
to  the  cause  of  truth. 

Mr.  Woolsey  is  a  man  of  extensive  learning,  of 
decided  ability,  well  versed  in  general  literature, 
with  the  manners  of  one  who  was  naturally  fitted 
for  "  good  society,"  and  who  had  frequent  oppor- 
tunities for  using  his  special  gifts. 

His  churches  and  the  communities  surrounding 
them  liad  the  highest  regard  for  Mr.  Woolsey  as  a 
minister,  a  man  of  learning,  and  a  public  benefac- 
tor. Church  resolutions,  newspaper  commenda- 
tions, and  tiie  admiration  of  social  circles  gave  Mr. 
Woolsey  assurances  of  his  great  popularity,  and  of 
the  warm  regard  which  men  of  all  opinions  and 
positions  clierished  for  him. 

In  a  happy  old  age  this  blameless  and  distin- 
guished servant  of  God,  in  Germantown,  Philadel- 
phia, is  awaiting  the  Masters  summons  to  enter 
upon  his  eternal  reward. 

Worcester  Academy  was  originally  chartered 
as  the  Worcester  County  Manual  Lalior  High 
School.  One  of  the  purposes  in  view  in  laying  the 
foundations  of  the  institution  was  to  establisii  a 
school  "  where  every  possible  advantage  should  be 
afforded  for  productive  manual  labor,  so  that  in- 
struction, while  it  should  be  good,  should  not  be 
expensive." 

At  the  first  meeting,  held  in  March,  1832,  of 
those  who  took  a  special  interest  in  establishing 
such  an  institution  as  was  contemplated  by  the 
charter,  it  was  resolved  to  raise  a  fund  of  S5000  as 
a  partial  endowment  of  the  proposed  school,  and 
that  it  should  be  located  at  AVorcester,  Mass. 
Nearly  all  the  subscribers  to  the  fund  were  Bap- 
tists. Application  was  made  to  the  Legislature  of 
Massachusetts  for  an  act  of  incorporation,  which 
was  granted  and  signed  Feb.  2S,  1834.  lion.  Isaac 
Davis  was  chosen  president  of  the  board  of  trustees, 
and  arrangements  were  made  at  once  for  the  erec- 
tion of  a  suitable  building.  Sixty  acres  of  land 
were  purchased  in  the  southern  part  of  the  city  for 
the  purposes  of  the  school. 

The  new  building  having  been  completed,  was 
formally  dedicated  June  4,  1834,  and  the  school 
was  formally  opened  with  about  30  pupils,  under 
the  charge  of  Silas  Bailey,  afterwards  so  well 
known  in  the  West  as  Dr.  Silas  Bailey,  who  had 
recently  graduated  from  Brown  University.  The 
students  continued  to  increase  until,  in  two  years, 
there  were  135.  The  second  principal  was  Samuel 
S.  Greene,  now  Prof.  S.  S.  Greene,  of  Brown  Uni- 
versity, who  remained  in  oiBce  two  j'cars,  and  was 


succeeded  by  Mr.  Nelson  H.  Wheeler,  whose  term 
of  service  was  tep  years.  In  the  number  of  pupils, 
and  in  the  value  of  the  instruction  imparted,  the 
si-iidol  was  in  a  condition  of  deciiled  prosperity. 
But  it  became  involved  in  jiecuniary  embarrass- 
inents,  which  crippled  its  usefulness,  and  placed  a 
heavy  load  of  care  and  responsibility  upon  its  trus- 
tees. Gradually,  however,  through  tiie  excellent 
management  of  Mr.  Davis,  the  institution  emerged 
from  its  difficulties,  and  in  1804  it  was  reported 
not  only  to  be  free  from  debt,  but  in  the  possession 
of  property  worth  at  least  .^33,000.  Various  at- 
temf)ts  were  nmde  from  time  to  time  to  merge  the  • 
institution  into  another  in  its  immediate  neigh- 
borliood,  or  to  transfer  its  funds  to  the  Newton 
Theological  Seminary,  to  found  a  professorship  for 
the  instruction  of  students  who  were  not  sufficiently 
advanced  to  study  Hebrew  and  Greek.  All  these 
attempts,  although  sometimes  quite  seriously  en- 
tertained, proved  abortive.  The  friends  of  the 
school,  convinced  that  it  was  needed,  rallied  once 
more  to  its  aid.  An  endowment  was  raised  suf- 
ficiently large  to  settle  the  question  that  it  was  to 
remain  in  the  city  where  it  had  original!}'  been 
located,  and  that  it  should  be  an  academy  of  a  high 
order,  and  under  the  special  control  of  Baptists. 
In  the  summer  of  18G9  the  grounds  once  occupied 
by  the  "Ladies'  Collegiate  Institute,"'  four  acres  in 
extent,  a  pleasant  and  commanding  site  within  the 
city  limits,  were  purchased,  the  buildings  erected 
for  the  purposes  of  the  mstitute  put  in  thorough 
repair,  and  the  AVorcester  Academy  found  its  new 
home  on  one  of  the  most  attractive  heights  of  the 
beautiful  city  of  Worcester.  The  academy  is  out 
of  debt,  and  has  a  property  in  real  estate  estimated 
to  be  worth  SlUd.OOO,  and  invested  funds  exceed- 
ing §50,000,  with  pledges  to  a  considerable  addi- 
tional amount.  Under  rts  present  principal,  Mr. 
N.  Leavenworth,  it  is  prospered,  and  as  a  feeder  of 
Brown  University  it  is  doing  a  good  work  in  fitting 
young  men  to  enter  our  oldest  seminary  of  learning. 
Tl:e  AVorcester  Academy  owes  a  great  debt  of 
gratitude  to  Hon.  Isaac  Davis.  He  was  the  presi- 
dent of  its  board  of  trustees  for  forty  years,  and  for 
uiost  of  this  long  period  its  treasurer.  In  the  dark- 
est days  of  its  adversity  he  believed  tiiat  a  prosper- 
ous future  was  before  it,  and  it  is  owing  very 
largely  to  his  wise  and  judicious  management, 
under  the  divine  lilessing,  that  its  present  condi- 
tion of  prosperity  has  been  reached.  It  has  had 
other  warm  and  devoted  friends,  who  have  stood 
by  it  in  all  its  varying  fortunes. 

Worden,  Rev.  Horace,  was  born  at  AVest 
Stockbridge,  Mass.,  Feb.  'J,  1812,  At  the  age  of 
thirteen  he  was  converted,  uniting  first  with  the 
Methodists,  but  subsequently  becoming  a  Baptist, 
he  was  baptized  in  1843,  uniting  with  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  Quincy,  111.,  to  which  place  he 


WORD  EN 


1278 


WORRALL 


had  in  the  mean  time  removed.  He  had  been  a 
preacher  while  a  Metliodist,  but  was  now  licensed 
by  the  cluirch  in  Quincy,  and  sliortly  after  ordained 
as  pastor  of  the  church  in  Barry.  In  1846,  under 
appointment  of  the  Home  Mission  Society,  he  be- 
came a  missionary  in  Iowa,  remaining  about  si.x 
years  in  that  State.  His  health  failing,  lie  re- 
turned to  Quincy,  and  has  since  been  engaged  in 
mission  labor  ;  a  work  involving  much  self-denial, 
but  in  which  he  enjoys  many  evidences  of  the  di- 
vine blessing. 

Worden,  Rev,  Jesse  Babcock,  the  grandson 

of  a  brother  of  Rev.  Peter  Worden,  was  born  in 
Washington  Co.,  R.  I.,  July  18,  1787.  In  1812  he 
was  drafted,  and  served  his  country  in  several  mil- 
itary positions  during  the  war  with  Great  Britain. 
When  hostilities  ceased  he  devoted  himself  to 
business,  for  which  he  had  many  qualifications. 
He  was  converted  and  baptized  in  181G  in  North 
Woodstock,  N.  Y.,  and  in  1818  he  was  ordained. 
After  sixteen  years'  service  elsewhere  he  became 
co-pastor  with  the  Rev.  Davis  Dimock  inlVIontrose, 
Pa.,  in  1835  for  a  short  time,  and  sole  pastor  of 
the  church  from  1838  until  1844.'  He  labored  after 
1844  in  Susquehanna  County,  where  he  died  Aug. 
6,  1855.  Mr.  Worden  was -an  instructive  preacher 
and  a  very  faithful  pastor.  lie  possessed  elements 
of  great  eflSciency  as  a  minister,  his  labors  were 
attended  with  more  than  ordinary  success,  and  his 
precepts  and  example  madg  an  indelible  impression 
upon  many  in  Northern  Pennsylvania. 

Worden,  Oliver  N.,  was  bom  in  New  AYood- 
stock,  N.  Y.,  in  1817  ;  acquired  the  art  of  printing 
in  the  office  of  the  Utica  Baptist  Register,  and,  like 
many  other  masters  of  type-setting,  he  became  a 
learned  historian  and  a  ready  writer.  For  more 
than  forty  years  he  has  contributed  to  various  po- 
litical, moral,  religious,  and  historical  periodicals. 
He  has  published  newspapers  in  Montrose,  Athens, 
Tunkhannock,  and  Lewisburg.  He  was  twenty- 
seven  years  a  member,  and  eleven  years  the  scribe, 
of  the  board  of  curators  of*  the  university  at  Lew- 
isburg. He  was  three  years  a  clerk  in  the  senate 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  fifteen  years  clerk  of  the 
Northumberland  As.-iociation.  He  has  edited  "'  The 
Life  and  Times  of  Sheardown,"  "Family  Record,'' 
"  Half-Century  History  of  the  Northumberland 
Association,"  and  "Half-Century  History  of  the 
Bridgewater  Association." 

Mr.  AVorden  was  an  original  thinker,  a  man  of 
patient  painstaking  in  collecting  materials,  of  ex- 
treme conscientiousness,  of  great  usefulness  in  the 
denomination,  and  a  brother  beloved  as  widely  as 
he  is  known.  He  prepared  a  manuscript  Baptist 
history,  the  publication  of  which  would  be  of  great 
advantage  to  the  Baptists  of  Pennsylvania,  and  it 
is  hoped  that  it  will  soon  be  given  to  the  printer. 
He  died  near  New  Milford.  Pa.,  April  28.  1881. 


"Worden,  Rev.  Feter,  was  bom  in  1729,  con- 
verted among  the  New-Lights,  and  ordained  at 
AVarwick,  R.  I.,'  in  1751.  He  removed  to  Berk- 
shire Co.,  Mass.,  in  1769,  and  he  died  in  1805. 
John  Lelandj  at  his  death,  spoke  of  him  as  "  the 
arduous  Worden,  who  had  been  in  the  ministry 
longer  than  any  Baptist  preacher  left  behind  in 
New  England."  In  the  minutes  of  the  Shaftsbury 
Association  for  1808  there  is  the  following  record 
about  him  :  "  For  dignity  of  hature,  soundness  of 
judgment,  meekness  of  temper,  and  unwearied 
labors  in  the  ministry  but  few  have  equaled  him 
in  this  age.  He  was  the  father,  founder,  and, 
guardian  angel  of  this  Association  until  his  age 
prevented.  He  followed  the  work  of  the  ministry 
about  sixty  years." 

Work,  Rev,  Perley,  was  born  in  Williamsburg. 
Vt.,  Sept.  11,  1813,  and  died  at  Oshkosh,  Wis., 
Aug.  11,  1877.  He  was  educated  at  Oneida  Insti- 
tute, in  Wliitesborough,  N.  Y.  After  his  conver- 
sion and  call  to  the  ministry  he  pursued  a  course 
of  theological  study  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  and  grad- 
uated in  1841.  He  was  sent  to  Wisconsin  as  a 
missionary  by  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Society  in  1847.  and  began  his  labors  at  Sheboygan. 
Subsequently  he  served  the  churches  at  Omro, 
Ripon,  Waukau,  First  church,  Oshkosh,  and  She- 
boygan Falls.  He  was  a  devoted  minister  of 
Christ,  a  (\xithful  preacher,  and  very  successful 
pastor.  He  is  held  in  the  highest  esteem  by  his 
brethren  in  the  ministry. 

Worrall,  A.  S.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Georgia  in 
1831,  and  graduated  from  Mercer  University  with 
honor  in  1855.  He  studied  theology  under  Dr.  J. 
L.  Dagg  and  Dr.  N.  M.  Crawford.  He  taught 
Latin  and  Greek  in  the  Baptist  College  in  Missis- 
sippi, and  afterwards  Greek  and  Hebrew  in  Union 
University,  Tenn.  After  the  war  was  president  of 
Monnt  Lebanon  University,  La.,  and  had  unusual 
success.  He  was  for  a  time  editor  of  the  Wesiei-n 
Recorder,  of  Louisville,  Ky.  For  health  he  re- 
moved to  California,  and  there  did  much  to  endow 
the  Baptist  College.  He  is  now  president  of  Mount 
Pleasant  College,  Huntsville.  Mo.  The  college  is 
fortunate  in  obtaining  such  a  president. 

Worrall,  Rev,  Moses  Hoagland,  was  born  at 
Charlestown.  Ind.,  Aug.  4.  1835.  His  father.  Rev. 
l.saac  Worrall,  was  an  active  and  influential  Baptist 
minister.  The  son  was  converted  and  baptized 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Charlestown  church  at 
the  age  of  fourteen.  Receiving  his  education  chiefly 
at  Cincinnati  and  Covington,  his  first  public  service 
was  as  principal  of  the  Main  School  in  the  latter 
city.  In  compliance  with  the  request  of  citizens, 
he  oj-HMied  an  academy  for  the  preparation  of  young 
men  for  college,  and  for  advanced  study  in  the  clas- 
sics and  sciences.  The  large  attendance  made  the 
erection  of  a  building  at  once   necessary,  and  the 


WORN ALL 


1279 


WRIGHT 


school  became  well  known  iis  the  Covington  Clas- 
sical and  Scientific  Academy,  later  as  Woi-ralTs 
Classical  and  Scientitic  Academy  for  Girls  and 
Boys.  Notwitli,standin<;  his  eminent  success  in 
this  line  of  work,  Mr.  Worrall  continued  to  be 
pressed  by  convictions  of  duty  as  to  the  ministry. 
Yielding  to  these,  he  was  licensed  by  the  First 
church  of  Covington,  March  31,  18(58,  and  was 
called  as  pastor  of  the  Columbia  Baptist  church, 
Cincinnati,  in  I'Y'bruary  of  the  following  year,  re- 
ceiving ordination  in  April  of  the  same  year.  Ilis 
subsequent  pastorates  have  been  at  Troy,  0.,  and 
Springfield  and  Princeton.  111.,  the  scone  of  his 
present  la)>or8.  He  is  an  effective  preacher  and  a 
hard-working  pastor.  As  the  result,  his  work  on 
each  of  the  fields  named  has  been  telling  and  fruit- 
ful. 

Wright,  Rev.  David,  son  of  David  and  Martha 
(Hubbard)  Wright,  was  born  in  New  London. 
Conn.,  July  30,  1788.  His  father,  a  graduate  of 
Yale  College  and  ii  lawyer,  died  in  1798.  David 
from  1801  to  1810  worked  in  a  printing-office  in 
Boston  ;  converted  under  Dr.  Stillman,  and  united 
with  First  Baptist  church  in  Boston,  April  28, 
1805;  thought  to  become  a  missionary  printer; 
studied  in  Boston,  in  Norwich,  and  in  Wallingford, 
Conn.,  under  llev.  Joshua  Bradley  ;  assisted  Mr. 
Bradley  in  teaching,  and  supplied  the  pulpit  of  the 
North  Haven  Baptist  cliurch  ;  ordained  in  South- 
ington.  Conn..  Aug.  t),  1815;  in  his  very  long  min- 
istry his  settlements  were  atWestfield  Farms,  Cum- 
mington,  Westminster,  Westfield,  and  Conway, 
Mass. ;  Waterville  and  Romulus,  N.  Y. ;  North 
Colebrook.  North  Lyme,  and  Clinton,  Conn.  ;  served 
as  State  missionary  in  Massachusetts  and  Connec- 
ticut, and  among  Indians  of  Martha's  Vineyard  ; 
agent  of  American  and  Foreign  Bible  Society  for 
New  Ilampsiiire;  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
Legislature  from  Westfield  Farms  ;  was  never  phys- 
ically strong,  but  strong  in  heart  and  intellect; 
logical  and  mighty  in  the  Scriptures;  an  excel- 
lent Greek  scholar;  a  wise  and  prized  counselor; 
preached  over  8000  sermons ;  constituted  five 
churches;  now  lives  in  Essex,  Conn.,  at  the  age 
of  ninety-two  ;  in  his  prime  a^jreacher  of  power; 
wielded  withal  an  efficient  pen  :  honored  and  be- 
loved by  all. 

Wright,  Rev.  J.  C,  was  born  in  South  Caro- 
lina. Dec.  10,  1830;  came  with  his  parents  to 
Alabama  in  childhood ;  graduated  in  Howard 
College  in  1856.  His  ministry  for  many  years 
was  with  churches  in  West  Alabama;  was  pastor 
in  Clinton,  (Jreensborough.  and  Gainesville, — some 
of  the  strongest  churches  in  the  State,  among  a 
wealthy  and  intelligent  people.  For  some  years 
since  the  late  war  he  resided  on  his  farm  in  Cal- 
houn County,  and  preached  in  the  region  around 
him;  now  pastor  of  the  Broad  Street  church  in  the 


city  of  Mobile.  Mr.  Wright  is  an  eloquent  and 
scholarly  preacher ;  his  sermons  always  iiave  an 
ornate  finish,  and  are  (leliv(!red  in  graceful  style. 

Wright,  Lyman,  D.D.,  son  of  Deacon  Pomeroy 
and  Abigail  Wright,  was  born  in  Westford,  Otsego 


l.VMAN    WRIGHT,   D.D. 

Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  28,  1816.  He  was  converted  Jan. 
5,  1830;  baptized  Sept.  3,  1831,  and  joined  the 
Westford  Baptist  church.  lie  was  educated  at 
Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Institution  ; 
ordained  as  an  evangelist  Feb.  11,  1838,  and  sup- 
plied the  Westford  church  the  succeeding  year. 
He  became  pastor  at  Exeter,  Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in 
1839;  succeeded  Rev.  A.  P.  JMason,  at  Clockville, 
-Madison  Co.,  in  1841  ;  settled  at  Fayetteville, 
Onondaga  Co.,  in  1845 ;  served  the  American 
Ba(itist  Missionary  Union  as  collecting  agent  for 
one  year ;  took  charge  of  tin?  church  in  Norwich, 
Chenango  Co.,  in  1854 ;  in  Trenton,  N.  J.,  in 
1858;  in  Norwich,  a  second  term,  in  1859;  be- 
came financial  secretary  of  the  New  York  Baptist 
Education  Society,  and  part  of  the  time,  in  con- 
nection with  it,  agent  for  Madison  University,  in 
1861.  AVhile  thus  employed  he  increased  the  en- 
dowment fund  of  the  university  $72,000. 

He  retui-ned  to  the  pastorate  after  this  work  was 
done,  settling  with  the  Newburgh  church  in  1864. 
and  with  the  Binghamton  church  in  1869,  where 
he  remained  \intil  his  death,  in  1878.  He  has 
with  his  personal  supervision  assisted  the  church 
in  erecting  a  commodious  edifice.  His  ministerial 
labors  extend  over  a  period  of  more  than  forty 
years.     In  all  of  his  pastorates  he  has  been  faith- 


WRIGHT 


1280 


WYCKOFF 


ful,  and  successful  in  winning  souls  for  the  king- 
dom, liaving  baptized  more  than  1100  converts 
into  the  fellnwsliip  of  the  churclics  he  has  served. 

.    Wright,  Judge  Selden  S.,  is  one  of  tiie  most 

honored  judges  in  the  State  of  California,  and  an 
exemplary  member  of  the  First  Baptist  church, 
San  Francisco.  Born  March  7, 1822,' in  Es.sex  Co., 
Va. ;  son  of  Tlios.  Wright,  Jr.,  and  Mary  Daley 
Jones;  graduated  at  AVilliam  and  Mary  College  in 
1842;  he  removed  to  Lexington,  Miss.,  in  1843; 
practised  law,  in  partnership  with  Hon.  Walter 
Brooke,  until  1851,  wheii  he  removed  to  Yazoo  City, 
and  was  the  same  year  elected  vice-chancellor  of 
the  middle  district  of  Mississippi,  and  re-elected  in 
1855.  In  1855  he  resigned  and  removed  to  Car- 
rollton.  Miss.,  and  practised  law  with  William  B. 
Helm,  as  partner,  until  1859,  when  he  removed  to 
the  Pacific  coast,  arriving  at  San  Francisco,  Cal., 
Jan.  3,  1860.  lie  practised  law  until  1868,  when 
he  was  elected  probate  judge  for  the  city  and  county 
of  San  Francisco.  In  1874  he  was  appointed  judge 
of  the  City  and  County  Court,  and  in  J876  re- 
elected to  the  same  office,  which  he  held  until  the 
office  expired,  Jan.  1,  1880.  lie  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  Jas.  K.  Clinton,  at  Lexington,  Miss.,  in  1843, 
where  his  brother,  Rev.  Thos.  AVright,  is  an  es- 
teemed Baptist  minister.  While  practising  his 
profession  he  has  always  identified  himself  with 
his  brethren  in  the  churches  where  he  has  resided, 
and,  on  reaching  San  Francisco,  united  with  the 
First  Baptist  church,  in  whose  welfare  he  has 
been  deeply  interested  during  his  twenty  years' 
residence  in  California. 

Wright,  Rev.  Stephen,  was  born  March  22, 
1813,  in  Cambridge,  Washington  Co.,  N.  Y.,  of  a 
New  England  ancestry,  the"  seventh  generation 
from  Lieut.  Abel  Wright,  of  Springfield,  Mass., 
in  1655.  Converted  at  eighteen,  he  was  baptized, 
with  111  other  converts,  by  the  venerable  Daniel 
Tinkham,  into  the  White  Creek  church,  in  the 
great  revival  of  1831.  He  prepared  for  college 
at  Union  Academy,  Bennington,  Vt.  He  was  or- 
dained at  Stillwater,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  23,  1837,  and, 
after  preaching  two  and  a  half  yef^rs,  entered  the 
seminary  at  Hamilton  in  December,  1839,  where 
he  spent  three  years,  ciiiefiy  in  theological  study, 
graduating  in  1842;  served  various  churches, 
mostly  in  Eastern  New  York  and  Western  Ver- 
mont. His  longest  pastorate  was  at  old  Ticon- 
deroga,  from  1854  to  1860,  in  which  time  he  bap- 
tized, with  other  converts,  tiie  father  of  Rev. 
Joseph  Cook,  known  as  Deacon  Wm.  H.  Cook,  of 
the  Baptist  Church,  a  solid  farmer.  In  IS53  lie 
published,  by  request,  "  A  History  of  the  Old 
Shaftsbury  Association  from  1780  to  1853,"  in  a 
12mo  volume  of  464  pages,  which  interested  100 
churches  and  6  Asso(uations  that  now  occupy  the 
territory  of  the  original  body.     He  has  also  pub- 


lished several  local  church  histories,  and  written 
for  the  periodical  press,  secular  and  religious.  He 
is  located  at  Glen's  Falls,  AVarren  Co.,  N.  Y. 

Wright,  Rev.  Thomas  Goddard,  son  of  Rev. 
David  Wright,  was  born  in  Westfield,  Mass.,  Jan. 
18,  1820;  converted  and  baptized  at  eleven  in 
Ciimmington,  Mass. ;  began  holding  meetings  im- 
mediately, and  soon  rejoiced  over  nearly  a  score 
converted  through  his  efforts:  graduated  at  Water- 
ville  College  (now  Colby  University),  Me.,  at 
nineteen,  and  from  Hamilton  Theological  Semi- 
nary, N.  Y.,  at  twenty-two ;  supplied  one  year  at 
Avon  Springs,  N.  Y.,  then  settled  in  Lyons,  N.  Y., 
and  was  ordained  Aug.  7,  1844.  His  subsequent 
ministry  was  in  Clareinont,  N.  II.,  Sandisfield, 
Mass..  Newark,  X.  J.,  Westport  and  Wappinger's 
Falls,  N.  Y.,  Roadstown,  N.  J.,  with  First  Cohan- 
sey  church,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  AVesterly,  R.  I., 
Newfixne  and  Watkins,  N.  Y.,  and  Media,  Pa.  In 
Newark,  N.  J.,  he  served  as  missionary,  inaugura- 
ting its  present  city  mission  plan,  and  organizing 
the  North  church  ;  also  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  where, 
in  connection  with  other  labors,  he  organized  the 
Mantua  mission,  and  left  it  when  ready  to  be  rec- 
ognized as  the  present  Mantua  church.  He  was 
always  true  to  New  Testament  Baptist  doctrine. 
He  has  been  a  successful  harmonizer  of  church  dif- 
ficulties, careful  in  the  reception  of  members  into 
the  church,  and  a  promoter  of  missions  and  educa- 
tion. He  has  a  son  (Wm.  R.)  who  is  pastor  at 
Cohoes,  N.  Y.  He  was  cyie  of  the  originators  of 
South  Jersey  Institute,  at  Bridgeton,  N.  J.,  and  its 
first  secretary.  While  at  Hamilton  he  compiled 
and  arranged  a  music  book  called  the  "  Chapel 
Choir,"'  which  was  published  by  the  institution, 
and  used  for  many  years  in  the  chapel  services. 
He  is  in  good  health  at  sixty,  and  bids  fair  to  do 
service  for  the  Master  for  several  years  to  come. 

Wyatt,  Rev.  Wm.  H.,  a  pioneer  preacher  in 
Southeastern  Arkansas,  was  born  in  Alabama  in 
1805,  arid  removed  to  Arkansas  in  1848.  He 
preached  extensively  in  all  the  region  between 
the  Ouachita  and  Arkansas  Rivers,  and  gathered 
many  churches.  He  died  in  1S53  of  malarial  fever, 
contracted  during  a  missionary  tour  in  the  Missis- 
sippi bottom. 

Wyckoff,  William  H.,  LL.D.,  the  youngest  of 

the  family  of  Rev.  Cornelius  P.  and  Elizabeth 
Richmond  Wyckofif.  was  born  in  New  York  City, 
Sept.  10,J807. 

lie  finislied  his  academic  studies  in  Auburn, 
N.  Y. ;  spent  two  years  at  Hamilton  College,  and 
was  graduated  at  Union  College  in  1828. 

Having  then  a  high  reputation  for  his  wide 
range  of  information  and  accurate  scholarship,  he 
was  appointed  principal  of  a  celebrated  collegiate 
school  in  New  York  City. 

He  studied  successively  law  and  medicine ;  was 


WVER 


1281 


WYNN 


regarded  as  an  authority  in  ancient  and  modern 
liistory  ;  was  well  versed  in  general  literature,  and 
excelled  in  mathematics.  The  late  Prof.  Charles 
Anthon,  LL.D.,  said  of  him,  that  he  believed  there 
was  no  one  in  this  country  superior  to  him  in  a 
knowledge  of  (Jreek  and  Latin.  lie  had  also  made 
scholarly  attainments  in  Ilchrow  and  in  some  of 
the  modern  European  languages.  His  study  of  the 
Bible  was  earnest  and  unremitting. 

Having  a  retentive  memory,  extensive  reading 
had  given  him  a  wealth  of  intellectual  resources, 
whieli  enhanced  his  fine  conversational  gifts,  and 
furnished  liim  with  copious  illustrations  in  his 
preaching. 

The  Laight  Street  Baptist  church  called  him  to 
the  ministry  in  lS4t).  He  was  the  founder  and — 
from  1839  to  1S4B— the  editor  of  The  Baptist  Ad- 
vocate (now  the  Exam i II rr  and  Chroiiirlc). 

As  a  manager  of  the  Sunday-.'^chool  Union,  pres- 
ident of  the  Young  Men's  City  Bii)le  Society  .and 
of  the  Baptist  i>oiiiestic  Mission  Society,  and  a 
worker  in  other  benevolent  enterprises  in  his  na- 
tive city,  he  was  active  and  efficient. 

He  took  part  in  organizing  the  American  and 
Foreign  Bible  Society  in  183o,  and  was  its  corre- 
sponding secretary  from  184()  to  1850,  when  the 
American  Bible  Union  was  founded,  of  which  he 
was  secretary  till  his  death. 

To  the  work  of  the  Bible  Union,  in  its  eflForts  to 
procure  and  circulate  the  most  faithful  versions  of 
the  Scriptures,  he  gave  liis  best  energies  and  his 
steadfast  support.  His  voluminous  corresponden(!e 
in  the  interests  of  the  society  attests  his  devotion 
to  the  cause.  In  the  excited  controversy  occa- 
sioned by  the  movement  for  the  revision  of  the 
English  Bible  his  part  was  prominent,  but  he  was 
careful  not  to  overstep  the  bounds  of  Christian 
courtesy.  The  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  on 
him  by  Madison  University  in  1858. 

He  was  the  author  of  various  religious  and  edu- 
cational books.  His  disposition  was  genial  and 
sympathetic  ;  iiis  nature  refined  ;  his  life  pure  and 
devout. 

Of  his  seven  children,  five  survive  him.  His 
sudden  death  on  Nov.  2,  1877,  was  caused  l)y  a 
rupture  of  the  heart,  unaccountable  to  the  eminent 
physicians  who  were  present  at  the  post-mortem 
examination.  Dr.  Wyckoff  performed  a  mighty 
work  for  [)ure  versions  of  the  Word  of  God. 

Wyer,  Rev.  Henry  Hartstene,  was  born  in 

South  Carolina,  duly  26,  1829.  He  was  prejiared 
for  college  at  a  classical  school  in  Savannah,  (ia.  ; 
was  graduated  from  the  Columbian  College,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  and  received  his  theological  education 
at  the  Princeton  Seminary,  N.  J.  In  1854  he 
became  pastor  of  the  Uppcrville  and  Ebenezer 
churclies,  Fauquier  Co.,  Va.  In  1S50  he  removed  to 
Lynchburg,  where  he  remained  until  1859.     From 


1859  to  18()()  he  was  pastor  of  the  Oakland  and  Hope- 
ful churches.  From  IStif)  to  1871,  Mr.  AVyer  was 
principal  of  the  Fau(|uier  Female  Institute,  an  ex- 
cellent school,  and  also  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Warrenton,  Va.  At  present  he  is  the  pastor  of  the 
Carter's  Run  and  Broad  Run  churches,  the  former 
of  which  was  organized  by  the  Rev.  .lohn  Pickett, 
who  was  imprisoned  in  the  county  jail  for  preach- 
ing the  gospel.  The  latter  was  organized  by  the 
Rev.  l>avid  Thomas  in  1702,  and  lias  had  among 
its  pastors  such  well-known   men  as  Wm.  Fristoe, 

C.  George,  and  John  Ogilvie. 

Wyer,  Rev.  Henry  Otis,  was  liom  in  Beverly, 

Mass.,  .Marcli  19,  1802  ;  educated  at  Waterville  Col- 
lege, Me.,  and  at  Columbian  College,  Washington, 

D.  C.  His  piety,  zeal,  and  talents  attracted  at- 
tention in  Savannah,  to  which  he  came  in  1824, 
and,  notwithstanding  his  inexperience,  he  was 
ele(;ted  fiastor  of  the  church  tiiere,  and  called  to 
ordination,  Dr.  Wm.  T.  Brantly,  Sr.,  then  pastor 
at  Augusta,  and  Rev.  .James  Shannon  officiating. 
He  remained  pastor  of  the  church  about  ten 
years,  when  excessive  labors  broke  his  health 
down  and  he  had  to  resign. 

Among  others  whom  he  was  instrumental  in 
bringing  to  .lesus  and  baptizing  were  Dr.  Richard 
Fuller,  Dr.  J.  II.  De  Votie,  and  Rev.  D.  G.  Daniel. 
As  a  preacher  he  had  few  equals,  for  he  was  es- 
pecially fitted  for  the  pulpit  by  his  sonorous  voice, 
comprehensive  mind,  cultivated  intellect,  and  sanc- 
tified heart.  His  characteristics  were  clearness, 
unction,  and  force.  Hundreds  were  converted  under 
his  ministry,  tiie  church  at  Savannah  was  revived 
and  built  up,  and  the  Baptist  cau.se  in  the  city 
greatly  advanced  by  his  labors.  He  passed  away 
May  8,  1857,  at  Alexandria,  Va.,  in  the  fifty-sixth 
year  of  his  age. 

Wynn,  Isaac  Caldwell,  D.D.,  was  bom   in 

Cumberland  Co.,  N.  .).,  Feb.  22,  18.35;  was  bap- 
tized in  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  by 
Rev.  I.  N.  Ilayhurst,  in  March,  1854 :  was  gradu- 
ated at  the  University  of  Lewisburg  in  1858;  was 
principal  of  the  academic  department  of  the  uni- 
versity at  Lewisburg  from  1859  to  1864.  From 
1804  to  1867  he  held  the  principalship  of  a  classi- 
cal academy  at  Danville,  Pa.  Became  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church  at  Ilatborough,  Pa.,  in  Novem- 
ber, 1867,  where  he  was  ordained  Feb.  13,  1868. 
July  1.  1870,  he  became  pastor  of  the  Tabernacle 
ciiurch  of  Camden,  N.  J. 

During  his  j)ast()rate  the  First  and  Tabernacle 
churches  of  Camden  were  united  in  1872  under  the 
corporate  title  of  the  Fourth  Street  Baptist  cliurch 
of  Camden,  of  which  he  is  still  pastor.  Ilis  spirit 
is  so  conciliatory,  and  his  wisdom  so  practical,  that 
he  has  been  instrumental  in  bringing  into  complete 
harmony  two  communities  formerly  worshipping 
in  separate  buildings:  and  the  blessing  of  God  has 


n'YNN 


12S2 


YATES 


prospered   the  church   in   conversions,   in    the   in- 
creased piety  of  the  members,  and  in  the  favor  of 


ISAAl     CALUHEM,    WYNN 


the  people  of  Camden.     In  1879  tlie  university  at 
Lewisburg  gave  him  the  degree  of  D.D. 


Wyoming  Institute  of  Delaware,  The,  with 

grounds  and  building,  costing  S90UU,  was  estab- 
lished in  1S67  by  a  joint-stock  company  at  Wy- 
oming, Kent  Co..  Del.  Rev.  0.  F.  Flippo,  then  a 
missionary  in  Delaware  of  the  American  Baptist 
Home  Mission  Society,  after  consulting  prominent 
Baptists,  Ijy  assistance  from  in<lividuals  and  a  loan 
from  the  society  under  which  he  was  acting,  pur- 
chased it  for  the  denomination  for  a  school  and 
place  of  worship.  For  two  year^  he  took  its  general 
oversight,  visiting  churches  and  collecting  money 
to  pay  for  it.  In  1872,  Rev.  M.  Heath,  A.M.,  was 
elected  principal,  a  position  which  he  still  holds 
(1880).  He  has  furnished  it  with  his  own  appa- 
ratus, employed  teachers,  and  conducted  its  educa- 
tional interests  on  his  own  responsibility.  It  was 
rechartered  in  1875,  providing  for  a  large  majority 
of  Baptists  in  the  board  of  trustees.  The  courses 
of  study  for  both  sexes  require  three  years  beyond 
common-school  branches.  Since  1874  there  has 
been  a  graduating  class  each  year  except  one. 
No  debts  have  been  incurred  since  1873.  About 
§2000  have  been  paid  on  the  original  indebted- 
ness, and  §1000  remain  unpaid.  The  institu- 
tion has  usually  from  four  to  si.K  teachers.  The 
largest  annual  attendance  was  for  the  year  ending 
June,  1879,  when  101  were  registered.  This  insti- 
tution is  of  great  advantage  to  that  portion  of  the 
people  of  Delaware  surrounding  it,  especially  to  the 
citizens  of  Wyoming. 


Y. 


Yates,  Rev.  Aaron,  a  leading  Baptist  minister, 
who  resides  at  Arkadelphia,  Ark.,  was  born  in 
Georgia  in  1817;  removed  to  Arkansas  in  1850; 
began  to  preach  in  1854.  His  labors  have  been 
chiefly  devoted  to  ohurclies  in  Dajlas  and  the  ad- 
joining counties,  and  have  been  eminently  suc- 
cessful. 

Yates,  M.  T.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Wake  Co., 
N.  C,  in  1819;  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  Mount  Pisgah  church  in  October,  1836  ; 
went  to  school  to  George  W.  Thompson,  near  Wake 
Forest  College,  in  1838;  became  a  beneficiary  of 
the  Conventio7i,  and  was  graduated  from  AV'ake 
Forest  College  in  1840  ;  was  ordained  in  October, 
1846,  during  the  session  of  the  Convention  in  the 
city  of  Raleigh.  Rev.  Thomas  Meredith  preached 
the  serihon,  Rev.  William  Hill  Jordan  offered  the 
prayer.  Dr.  dames  B.  Taylor,  of  Richmond,  de- 
livered the  charge,  and    the    venerable    Dr.  Wait 


presented  the  Bible.     Immediately  after  his  ordi- 
nation  he   and   his  wife  sailed   for  China,  where 
they  have  been  laboring  for  ihirty-five  years.     Dr. 
Yates  has  visited  the  United  States  three  times  dur- 
ing this  period,  in  search  of  health,  and  he  is  now 
publishing    in    the    Biblical    Kerorder    ''  Reminis- 
I  cenees  of  a  Long  Missionary  Life,"  which  will  be 
1  issued  in  book  form  after  the  scries  has  been  com- 
pleted. 
I       Dr.  Jeter,  clarum  et  vencrahile  iiomeii.  once  said 
'  to  the  writer  that  '"  he  regarded  Dr.  Yates  as  the 
ablest  missionary  whom  he  had  ever  known."      I 
asked.  "Did  you  knowJudson?"     "Yes,"  here- 
plied.    "  I  knew  .Judson  :  but  Yates  has  more  mind 
than  Judson."    During  the  war  between  the  States, 
;  Dr.  Yates  was  enabled,  by  a  judicious  investment 
!  of  some   money  he   had  left  on  interest  in  New 
York,  to  sustain  the  missionaries  of  the  Southern 
'  Baptist  Convention   in    China,  who  were  cut  off 


YEAMAN 


1283 


YEISEIi 


from  all  communication  with  the  board  that  sent 
them  out.    Dr.  Yates  has  rendered  valuable  service 


interests  of  the  State.  lie  was  for  a  time  proprie- 
tor and  editor  of  the  Central  Baptist,  al.so  chan- 
cellor of  AV'illiam  Jewell  Collefie,  and  president  of 
the  Missouri  (liMieral  Association.  lie  still  holds 
this  office,  presidiiiji;  with  dignity  and  givinij  gen- 
eral satisfaction. 

In  1870  he  resigtied  the  caic  of  the  Third  i-iuirch. 
and  for  two  years  was  pastor  of  the  (iarrison  Ave- 
nue church,  a  new  interest.  This  charge  he  re- 
signed, and  he  is  now  pastor  at  Glasgow,  and 
secretary  of  the  General  Association.  His  natural 
eloquence  and  superior  mental  endowments  give 
him  great  power  over  an  audience.  He  is  an  in- 
dependent   thinker,   bold    in    his  utterances,   with 


M.   T.   VAXES,  n.D. 

in  the  translation  of  the  Scriptures,  and  in  issuing 
evangelical  tracts  in  Chinese.  lie  was  honored 
with  the  title  of  D.D.  by  Wake  Forest  College  in 
1872. 

Yeaman,  W.  Pope,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Har- 
din Co.,  Ky.,  May  28,  1832.  He  was  the  third 
in  a  family  of  nine  children,  eight  of  whom  were 
sons.  Ilis  father  was  a  man  of  culture,  and  emi- 
nent as  a  lawyer.  His  mother  was  Miss  Lucretia 
Helm,  sister  of  ex-Gov.  Helm,  of  Kentucky,  a 
lady  of  talent.  Six  of  the  brothers  became  law- 
yers. Dr.  Pope  Yeaman  studied  law  with  his 
uncle,  Gov.  John  Z.  Helm,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  at  the  age  of  nineteen.  For  nine  j'ears 
Dr.  Yeaman  devoted  himself  to  the  practice  of  law. 
He  was  able  as  an  advocate,  and  was  retained  in 
difficult  cases.  At  the  age  of  twenty-seven  he  en- 
tered the  ministry  and  received  ordination.  His 
first  pastorate  was  at  Nicholasville,  Ky.,  where  he 
divided  his  time  with  East  Hickman  church,  in 
Fayette  County,  succeeding  Ryland  T.  Dillard, 
D.D.,  who  had  preached  there  thirty-seven  years. 
In  1862  he  became  pastorofthe  First  Baptistchurch 
in  Covington,  Ky.  In  December,  18()7.  he  was 
called  to  the  Central  Baptist  church  of  New  York 
City.  In  March,  187U,  he  accepted  a  call  to  the 
Third  Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis.  In  the  same 
year  William  Jewell  College  conferred  upon  him 
the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity.  Dr. 
Yeaman  has  been  active  in  all  the  denominationiil 


W.    I'OPE    VEAM.W,   D.D. 

throngs  of  warm  friends.     His  influence  and  use- 
fulness in  Missouri  are  very  great. 

Yeiser,  Rev.  George  0.,  was  bom  in  Lancaster, 
Grand  Co.,  Ky.,  Dec.  4,  182.5.  He  was  brought  up 
in  the  Presbyterian  Church  :  graduated  at  Centre 
College  in  1848;  followed  the  profession  of  the 
law  for  eight  years  ;  was  collector  of  U.  S.  internal 
revenue  in  the  first  collection  district  in  Kentucky 
in  1864  and  1865.  On  June  5,  1868,  he  sutlered 
an  affliction  that  was  blessed  in  bringing  his  soul 
to  God.  On  searching  the  Scripture  for  authority 
for  inHmt  sprinkling  he  became  convinced  that  im- 
mersion alone  is  baptism.  He  was  baptized  in 
September,  1868;  ordained  Aug.  5,  187');  became 
pastorofthe  Baptist  church'in  Ashland,  Neb.,  Aug. 
1-5,  1875.  Since  1878  he  has  been  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  churches  at  Red  Cloud  and  Guide  Rock. 
Net). 


YERKES 


1284 


YOUNG 


Yerkes,  David  J.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Mont- 
gomery Co.,  Pa.,  Jan.  27,  1825 ;  was  graduated  at 
Columbian  College,  D.  C,  in  1848;  ordained  at 
'Ilollidaysburg,  Pa.,  1849,  and,  after  a  pastorate  of 
seven  years  at  that  place,  took  charge  of  the  First 
church  of  Pittsburgh  for  four  years,  .then  the  First 
church  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  for  three  years,  from 
which  he  went  to  the  First  church  of  Plainfield, 
N.  J.,  in  the  fall  of  1863.  The  degree  of  D.D.  was 
conferred  upon  him  by  Columbian  College  and  the 
university  at  Lewisburg  in  1870.  Since  the  settle- 
ment of  Dr.  Yerkes  in  Plainfield  a  fine  new  church 
edifice  has  been  built  and  paid  for,  several  exten- 
sive revivals  have  been  enjoyed,  and  the  member- 
ship of  the  church  has  increased  to  800. 

Young,  Aaron  H.,  was  born  in  1780,  in  Fair- 
fu-x  Co.,  Va.  He  was  brought  to  Kentucky  by  his 
parents  when  a  child,  and  was  converted  at  the  age 
of  twenty-one  years,  and  baptized  by  Rev.  Peter  Dud- 
ley. He  removed  to  Missouri  in  1819,  and  lived  at 
Marthaville,  where  he  helped  to  organize  the  Friend- 
ship Baptist  church.  Afterwards  he  removed  to 
St.  Louis  County  and  joined  the  Fee  Fee  church. 
His  house  was  the  home  of  Peck,  Hurley,  Music, 
and  Williams,  the  pioneer  preachers  of  Missouri. 
He  loved  knowledge,  art,  and  the  Saviour's  gospel. 
Mr.  Young  was  a  useful  layman,  and  a  great  helper 
to  the  church. 

Young,  Rev.  C.  B.,  an  aiged  minister  in  Mar- 
shall Co.,  Miss.,  was  born  , in  North  Carolina  in 
1815;  began  to  preach  in  1837;  removed  to  Mis- 
sissippi in  1840;  ordained  in  1845,  and  during 
the  thirty-five  years  of  his  useful  ministry  he  has 
supplied  a  number  of  churches  in  Marshall  and  the 
surrounding  counties,  where  his  labors  have  been 
greatly  blessed.  At  the  age  of  sixty-six  he  is  waiting 
beside  the  river,  with  a  long  life  of  usefulness  be- 
hind and  the  prospect  of  rest  beyond. 

Young',  Hon.  Edward,  Ph.D.,  was  born  in 

Nova  Scotia,  Dec.  11,  1814,  and  was  educated  at 
Horton  Academy,  now  Acadia  College.  He  was 
engaged  for  a  while  in  commercial  pursuits,  but, 
removing  to  Philadelphia,  became  a  publisher  of 
statistical  works.  On  coming  to  Washington,  he 
was  chosen  chief  of  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Statistics, 
which  position  he  held  for  more  than  eight  years, 
with  great  honor  to  himself  and  usefulness  to  the 
commercial  interests  of  the  government.  While 
chief  of  this  important  bureau,  he  was  appointed  by 
the  President  of  the  United  States  a  delegate  to 
the  International  Statistical  Congress  held  in  St. 
Petersburg,  Russia,  in  1872,  and  won  for  himself  in 
that  distinguished  assembly  a  high  reputation  as  a 
statistician.  lie  served  as  one  of  the  vice-presidents 
of  that  congress.  The  emperor  of  Russia  was  so 
favorably  impressed  with  the  ability  of  Dr.  Young 
that  he  sent  him  a  valuable  diamond  ring,  which,  by 
a  special  act  of  Congress,  he  was  permitted  to  accept. 


It  is  a  fact  well  worthy  of  record  that  Dr.  Young, 
who  has  always  been  a  zealous  advocate  of  tem- 
perance, and  an  opponent  of  theatrical  representa- 
tions, in  consequence  of  their  corrupting  tenden- 
cies, while  in  Russia  steadfastly  declined  to  partake 
of  wine,  so  abundantly  furtiislied  at  the  tallies  of 
the  emperor  and  of  other  members  of  the  royal 
family  ;  and  also  to  visit  the  theatre  in  Moscow, 
when  all  the  other  members  of  the  congress  made 
the  visit  at  the  invitation  of  the  authorities  of  that 
city.  While  attending  the  congress,  the  fact  was 
brought  to  Dr.  Young's  notice  that  the  "  Stund- 
ists,''  who  are  mainly  Baptists,  were  imprisoned 
in  Southern  Russia,  charged  with  disseminating 
heresy  and  drawing  away  from  the  orthodox 
(Russo-Greek)  church  some  of  its  members  ;  he 
used  bis  influence,  naturally  great  under  the  cir- 
cumstances of  his  position,  with  the  high  officials 
of  Russia  to  secure  their  liberation.  In  this  merci- 
ful labor  he  was  greatly  aided  by  his  friend,  Baron 
de  Rozen,  grand  master  of  the  court  and  confiden- 
tial friend  of  the  emperor,  who  kindly  undertook 
to  interest  in  behalf  of  the  imprisoned  Baptists 
Prince  DondourofT-Korsakofi'.  governor-general  of 
Kiev,  in  which  place  the  "  Stundists"  were  held 
for  trial,  the  result  of  which  was  that  a  new  trial 
before  a  higher  court  was  granted,  and  the  de- 
cision made  that,  although  the  prisoners  were  cul- 
pable, yet  they  were  not  guilty  of  disseminating 
heresy,  and  were  consequently  discharged,  with 
the  exception  of  two,  whoVere  sent  to  the  authori- 
ties of  another  jurisdiction.  Dr.  Young  stands 
deservedly  high  as  a.  writer  in  his  special  field  of 
studies  and  labors.  lie  edited  for  many  years  a 
temperance  paper  in  Nova-  Scotia,  and  subse- 
quently industrial  journals  in  New  York  and 
Philadelphia.  In  addition  to  numerous  regular 
monthly,  quarterly,  and  annual  reports  on  the 
commerce  and  navigation  of  the  United  States,  he 
prepared^  in  1871,  a  special  report  on  immigration, 
in  which  .1  vast  amount  of  valuable  information 
with  regard  to  the  advantages  of  the  country  was 
furnished  for  those  looking  towards  a  settlement 
here.  Of  this  work  20,000  copies  were  published 
in  English,  10.000  in  German,  and  10,000  in 
French,  for  which  the  author  was  awarded  a  medal 
and  diploma  by  the  International  Geographical 
Congress  at  Paris  in  1875.  In  1872  he  issued  a 
special  report  on  the  "  Customs-TariS"  Legislation 
of  the  U^iitod  States,"  whii-h  is  a  standard  work 
in  this  and  in  other  countries.  His  last  work,  on 
"  Labor  in  Europe  and  America,"  has  received  the 
very  highest  commendations  from  economists  and 
statesmen  in  this  country  and  in  Europe.  He  has 
also  made  fro((uent  valuable  contributions  to  the 
moiithl}',  weekly,  and  daily  journals,  chiefly  on 
economical  subjects.  He  is  an  honorary  member 
of  the  Statistical  Soeietv  of  London,  and  owing 


YOUNG 


1285 


YOUNG 


to  his  reputation  as  a  statistician  the  f^overnment 
of  Canaiia  has  been  desirous  of  securinj;  iiis 
services.  He  is  at  the  present  time  (1879)  at 
Ottawa.  ciiLTanetl  iti  special  service. 

Dr.  Youiij^  lias  hoen  for  many  years,  ami  still  i>, 
a  memhcr  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  W'ashin::- 
toii  ;  is  a  deacon  of  the  church,  and  was  for  several 
years  the  superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school. 
The  Columbian  CoUe^^e,  iu  recognition  of  his  val- 
uable services  to  the  government,  conferred  upon 
him,  ill  1<S67.  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  (as 
did  also  Acadia  College),  and  in  1S71  the  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Philosophy.  Dr.  Young  is  interested 
in  the  higher  education  of  the  youth  of  the  coun- 
try, and  has  given  to  the  Columbian  College  a 
gold  modal,  "  The  Young  prize  for  excellence  in 
metaphysic^s,'"  annually  awarded  to  the  best  student 
in  MKMital  pliiliisopliy. 

Young,  Rev.  George  Whitefield,  was  born  in 
Amherst  Co., 'v^a.,  Feb.  15,1807.     His  father,  John 


REV.  OEORtiE    WHITEFIELD    YOUNG. 

Young,  was  a  Baptist  minister  of  whom  honorable 
mention  is  made  in  Rev.  James  B.  Taylor's  "  His- 
tory of  Virginia  Baptist  Ministers"'  as  "one  of 
those  who  were  imprisoned  for  Christ's  sake." 

Rev.  George  W.  Young  united  with  the  Prospect 
Baptist  church  of  Amherst  Co.,  Va.,  in  1827  :  in 
April,  1845,  he  was  ordained  in  Eliin  church,  Hay- 
wood Co.,  Tenn.,  liaving  left  his  native  State  in 
October,  1829  ;  he  continued  serving  the  best  inter- 
ests of  this  church  until  his  death,  Dec.  3,  1874,  in 
the  sixty-eighth  year  of  his  age. 

He  was  instrumental  in  the  formation  of  Ilermon 


church,  Lauderdale  Co.,  and  he  was  its  pastor  for 
several  years.  In  1852  he  was  called  to  the  pas- 
torate of  Woodlawn  ciiurch,  and  served  it  until 
declining  health  forced  him  to  resign.  In  1809  he 
accepted  the  pastoral  care  of  Salem  church,  Lau- 
derdale Co.,  and  in  187.5  commenced  his  lal)()rs 
with  Bloomington  (now  Brighton)  cburcdi,  'I'ipton 
Co. 

The  Big  Ilatchic  Association  frequently  selected 
Rev.  G.  W.  Young  as  its  moderator,  and  he  was 
repeatedly  elected  president  of  the  West  Tennessee 
Baptist  Convention.  These  offices  of  dignity  and 
i  worth  were  conscientiously  and  satisfactorily  tilled. 
His  great  influence  was  always  exerted  for  tiie  good 
of  humanity.  His  appearance  was  commanding, 
his  manners  were  social  and  easy.  He  had  a  kind 
word  for  all  who  came  in  contact  with  him  :  iiis 
affection  and  gentleness  won  the  syni[>athies  of  the 
young,  and  their  welcome  made  his  visits  doubly 
enjoyable. 

His  piety  was  of  the  quiet,  practical  order,  un- 
obtrusive, but  not  to  be  mistaken. 

A  short  time  previous  to  his  death  he  reviewed 
his  past  life  and  labors,  and  in  commenting  upon 
theiii  to  an  intimate  friend  and  associate  be  re- 
marked that,  "  so  far  as  the  doctrines  he  had  preached 
were  concerned,  he  believed  them  all,  and  in  his 
practice  of  them  had  nothing  to  regret;  that  with 
eternity  in  view,  he  was  more  than  ever  convinced 
that  it  was  wrong  to  afliliate  with  the  teachers  of 
error.''  "'  I  know  whom  I  have  believed,"  were 
the  words  uttered  liy  him  just  before  yielding  up 
his  spirit,  showing  that  his  faith  did  not  forsake 
him  in  the  hour  of  death. 

He  passed  away  from  this  life  Dec.  3,  1874,  but 
his  memory  still  remains  honored  by  the  church 
and  those  who  knew  iiini. 

Young,  Rev.  Jesse,  one  of  a  noble  band  of  pio- 
neers in  South  Mississippi,  was  born  in  South  Car- 
olina, and  removed  to  Mississippi  in  1811:  or- 
dained in  1827  :  was  indefatigable  in  his  labors  to 
plant  primitive  Christianity  in  South  Mississippi 
and  Kastorn  Louisiana,  and  was  blessed  as  the 
instrument  in  establishing  many  churches;  died 
in  1847. 

Young,  Mrs.  M.  J.,  was  born  in  Beaufort,  X.  C, 
about  1828.  Her  father.  Xathan  Fuller,  is  a  de- 
scendant of  Samuel  Fuller,  who  came  to  America 
in  the  '•  Mayflower."'  His  paternal  grandmother 
was  a  daughter  of  Michael  Pacquenett.  a  Huguenot, 
of  Bordeaux,  who  emigrated  to  this  country  after 
the  revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Xantes,  and  married, 
in  Virginia,  a  direct  descendant  of  John  Rolf  and 
Rebecca,  his  wife,  better  known  as  Pocahontas. 
Her  mother  is  the  daughter  of  Dr.  John  Marshall. 
Essex,  England,  who  was  educated  at  Eton  and 
Trinity  College,  Oxford.  Mrs.  Young  was  edu- 
cated chiefly  under  Episcopal  influence,  at  Greens- 


YOUNG 


1286 


YOUNG 


borough,  Ala.,  and  never  heard  a  Baptist  sermon 
till  sixteen  years  of  age,  wlien  she  first  heard  Ilev. 
D.  P.  Bestor  preach.  Jloinoving  to  Houston, 
Texas,  in  1843,  she  continued  to  attend  the  Episco- 
pal church,  teach  a  Sunday-school,  read  her  prayer- 
book,  and  felt  hurt, when  it  was  said,  "Oh,  never 
mind,  let  her  read  her  prayer-book,  when  she  is 
converted  she  will  join  the  Baptist  Church." 
Through  the  influence  of  Rev.  W.  M.  Tryon  she 
was  induced  to  examine  the  New  Testament  as  to 
her  duty  about  baptism,  and  in  1846  she  was  bap- 
tized by  Mr.  Tryon  into  the  fellowship  of  the 
Houston  Baptist  church.  The  administrator,  de- 
scended from  the  Welsh  Baptists,  told  her  that 
through  liim  she  had  received  apostolic  baptism, 
through  the  succession  of  the  ancient  Christian 
church  of  Wales.  In  February,  1847,  she  was 
m.arried  to  Dr.  S.  0.  Young,  of  South  Carolina, 
who  died  the  same  year.  She  has  written  short 
poems,  stories,  and  letters  of  travel  ;  is  the  author 
of  "  Cardena,"  a  serial,  showing  that  Judaism  has 
no  consistent,  logical  development  except  in  Bap- 
tist faith,  and  a  work  on  botany,  published  by  A. 
S.  Barnes  &  Co.,  New  York,  to  which  is  added  the 
most  complete  flora  of  Texas  yet  published.  Her 
attainments  as  a  botanist  have  been  recognized  by 
eminent  scientists  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic, 
and  she  has  distinguished  correspondents,  literary, 
scientific,  historical,  poetical,  theological,  and  mili- 
tary. She  has  been  Texas  State  botanist,  and  su- 
perintendent of  public  schools  at  Houston,  Texas. 
She  was  the  Texas  member  of  the  Woman's  Cen- 
tennial Committee,  and  was  honored  by  His  Grace 
the  Duke  of  Richuiond  and  Gordon,  K.G.  She  is 
connected  either  actively  or  ho-nurarily  with  numer-  j 
ous  associations  for  pomological,  horticultural,  and 
scientific  purposes  in  America.  She  is  devoted  to 
the  interest  of  the  Houston  Baptist  church,  and  all 
worthy  Baptist  enterprises.  She  has  fascinating 
conversational  powers,  and  writes  in  an  attractive 
style,  commanding  the  high  vegard  of  all  who  are 
numbered  among  her  friends  or  acquaintances. 

Young,  Rev.  Robert  F.,  was  bom  near  Coates- 
ville.  Pa.,  Sept.  4,  1810.  From  th'e  time  of  his 
great-grandfather,  Ninian  Young, — who  in  1754  re- 
sided on  and  owned  a  tract  of  about  two  hundred 
acres  in  East  Fallowfield,  Chester  Co., — his  family 
were  farmers,  and  Robert  himself,  until  near  man- 
hood, led  the  same  hardy  life. 

Denominationally,  the  earlier  generations  of  the 
family  were  almost  exclusively  Presbyterian  ;  but, 
about  the  close  of  the  year  1774,  the  grandfather 
of  IMr.  Young  married  Martha,  sister  of  the  late 
and  still  revered  Deacon  Thomas  Shields,  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Philadelphia,  and  to  tiiis 
graft  from  a  more  orthodox  stock  is  probably  due 
the  large  number  of  Baptists  in  the  Young  family. 
And  no  doubt,  too,  it  was  in  part  owing  to  the  ex- 


ample and  influence  of  this  lady,  whom  Mr.  Young 
still  remembers  in  her  latter  days  as  a  constant 
Bible-reader  and  a  firm  Baptist,  as  well  as  to  his 
own  deep,  youthful  convictions,  that  he  was  led  to 


REV.    ROBERT    F.  YOUNG. 

1)6  baptized  in  1824,  to  unite  with  the  Hephzibah 
church. 

When  only  seventeen,  Mr.  Young,  feeling  called 
to  preach  the  gospel,  began  the  preparatory  study 
of  Latin  and  Greek  at  ]\Ios('ow  Academy,  above 
Sadsburyville,  Chester  Co.,  Pa. 

In  1831  he  was  licensed  by  the  Bethesda  Bap- 
tist church,  Chester  Co.,  and  the  same  year  en- 
tered the  Literary  and  Theological  Institution  at 
Hamilton,  N.  Y. 

After  studying  at  Hamilton  two  years,  early  in 
the  fall  of  1833  Mr.  Young  left,  and  took  charge 
of  religious  meetings  at  Milestown,  near  Philadel- 
phia, out  of  which  the  Union  Baptist  church  was 
constituted  in  November,  1833.  of  which  he  became 
the  first  pastor.  He  was  ordained  Feb.  19,  1835. 
During  this  year  he  commenced  a  course  of  study 
in  Greek,  theology,  etc.,  under  the  late  Rev.  Dr. 
W.  T.  Brantly,  Sr.,  of  Philadelphia,  which  was 
perseveringly  continued,  with  other  duties,  for  sev- 
eral years. 

In  May.  1834,  Mr.  Young  began  preaching  at 
Chestnut  Hill  as  an  out-station.  There  was  no 
Baptist  church  nearer  than  Rnxborough.  As- 
sisted by  the  pastor  of  that  church. — the  Rev.  D. 
A.  Nichols, — evening  meetings  wei'e  held  during 
the  month  of  August. 

After  ten  evenings  thus  spent,  eleven   persons 


vorsG 


1287 


YOUNG 


related  their  ''  experience"  and  were  baptized, 
Miss  M.  A.  Gilbert,  now  Mrs.  Young,  her  father, 
the  late  honored  Deacon  Israel  Gilbert,  her  mother 
and  brother,  the  late  Dr.  Jonathan  (Jilhert,  being 
anion"!;  the  candidati^s. 

From  these  inectiiigs  the  Cliostnut  Hill  Baptist 
church  was  suniiiioned  into  life,  and  recognized 
Sept.  17,  1834,  of  which  Mr.  Young  took  charge 
Jan.  1,  1835.  This  pastorate  was  continued  for 
fourteen  years.  Here  he  first  develnped  to  all  that 
became  acquaintetl  witii  him  his  now  well-known 
character, — that  "  of  a  man  above  reproach  or 
doubt," — of  pure,  humble,  prayerful,  consistent, 
and  earnest  life 

Ilis  labors  during  this  period  were  abundant  in 
his  own  parish  and  in  several  outlying  statinns. 
In  183'),  by  his  exertions  and  by  the  liberality  of 
liis  father-in-law.  Deacon  (Jill)ert,  amid  much  op- 
position, ilie  Baptist  meeting-house  of  Chestnut 
Hill  was  built.  For  about  eigiiteen  months,  while 
laboring  in  Chestnut  Hill,  Mr.  Young  preached 
for  the  church  at  Mount  Pleasant,  and  during  that 
time  its  membership  was  douljled.  About  this  time 
also  he  held  Sabbath  afternoon  and  week-day  even- 
ing services  in  the  Mennoniteelia[)el  and  elsewhere 
at  Germantown,  which  resulted  in  the  first  baptism 
there,  that  of  a  Mrs.  Fisher,  of  School  Lane,  who 
afterwards  united  witii  the  church  at  "  the  Hill." 
For  four  years  he  alternated  witli  the  Rev.  Horatio 
G.  Jones,  D.D.,  in  supplying  the  church  at  Balli- 
gomingo  on  Sunday  afternoons,  and  in  adminis- 
tering the  ordinances.  Subsequently,  Mr.  Young 
began  preaching  on  Lord's  day  afternoons,  and  oc- 
casionally during  the  week,  in  the  "school-house" 
at  Cold  Point,  in  Plymouth,  Montgomery  Co.  B}' 
subscriptions,  wiiich  he  obtained,  he  bought  a  lot, 
and  built  the  first  house  of  worship  there,  bap- 
tizing about  forty  converts,  who  retained  their 
membership  at  Chestnut  Hill  until  the  Plymouth 
ciiurch  was  organized.  In  April,  1838,  Mr.  Young 
had  the  privilege  of  baptizing  the  first  seven  per- 
sons at  the  Falls  of  Schuylkill,  the  germ  of  the 
present  church  there.  On  tiie  20th  of  May,  1845, 
Mr.  Young  baptized  Christopher  Carr,  aged  one 
hundred  and  one  years,  a  veteran  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, and,  at  the  same  time,  his  great-granddaugh- 
ter, aged  eleven  years,  while,  on  another  occasion, 
he  administered  the  rite  to  a  household,  consist- 
ing of  Capt.  John  llunston,  his  wife,  and  four 
daugiiters. 

On  the  1st  of  October,  1849,  Mr.  Young  removed 
to  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Salem,  N.  J.,  where 
he  had  a  successful  pastorate  of  five  years.  The 
church  was  much  strengthened,  and  101  persons 
were  added  by  baptism.  'J'hrough  his  efforts  most 
of  the  debt  then  remaining  on  tlie  church  edifice 
was  paid,  and  by  his  suggestion  an  attempt  was 
made,  by  the  call  of  a  convention,  to  establish  a 


school  "  of  higher  grade"  within  the  jurisdiction 
and  under  the  control  of  the  West  Jersey  Baptist 
Association. 

In  April,  1852,  an  educational  committee  was 
appointed,  the  rear  hicturc-room  of  tlie  Salem 
church  was  fitted  up  for  school  purjioses,  and,  dur- 
ing the  first  year,  sixty  pupils  were  in  attendance. 
Soon,  however,  this  promising  enterprise,  so  dear 
to  the  heart  of  its  moving  spirit,  was  for  the  time 
abandoned  :  but  it  was  again  renewed  in  18(15,  and 
became  the  flourishing  South  Jersc^y  Institute,  lo- 
cated at  Bridgeton. 

Mr.  Young  remained  at  Salem  until  October, 
1854,  when  he  returned  to  Chestnut  Hill,  and  re- 
built their  present  neat  meeting-house,  and  gath- 
ered the  scattered  flock. 

In  March,  ]85'.t,  at  the  request  of  the  Baptist 
Committee  on  City  Missions,  he  left  ''the  Hill," 
and  went  to  the  nineteenth  ward,  I'hiiadelphia. 
and  the  following  May  organized  the  present 
Frankford  Avenue  Baptist  church,  with  twenty-six 
constituent  members.  Here  he  remained  till  De- 
cember, 1861,  when  the  eliurch  numbered  125. 

On  the  1st  of  January,  1802,  he  took  charge  of 
the  church  at  Haddonfield,  N.  J.  In  this  exten- 
sive field  he  has  since  labored  with  the  most  su))- 
stantial  success.  The  church  property  has  been 
greatly  improved,  a  debt  resting  upon  it  liquidated, 
and  ati  elegant  parsonage  jirovided.  To  the  single 
Lord's  day  school,  held  in  the  lecture-room  of  the 
cliureh,  five  mission  schools,  at  various  points,  have 
been  added,  and  they  are  all  flourishing,  while  more 
than  300  converts  have  been  baptized. 

Outside  of  the  church,  too,  here,  as  in  his  other 
parishes,  his  influence  for  good  has  developed  itself 
in  various  ways,  but  in  none,  perhaps,  more  prom- 
inently than  as  the  ever  outspoken  and  uncompro- 
mising foe  of  the  demon  of  intemperance. 

As  a  preacher,  Mr.  Young  is  one  of  a  type  too 
fast  passing  away.  His  sermons  evince  careful 
preparation,  al)oun<l  in  .'Scriptural  quotations,  and, 
though  intensely  Baptistic,  are  full  of  generous 
sentiments  to  men  of  diff'erent  opinions  from  his 
own.  His  voice  is  pleasantly  modulated,  his  enun- 
ciation clear,  and  ids  manner  in  the  pulpit  is  sol- 
emn and  impressive.  He  has  now  spi^nt  al)Out 
forty-eight  years  in  the  pastoral  office,  baptizing 
more  than  twenty  converts  in  each  year  of  his 
ministry.  "'  He  is  still,"  in  the  words  of  a  brother 
clergyman,  "  vigilant  and  earnest  in  the  .Master's 
service,  and  with  little  apparent  abatement  of  his 
early  vigor  for  the  work  he  so  much  loves." 

Young-,  William  Mcintosh,  D.D.,  was  a  na- 
tive of  Kdinburgh,  Scotland.  At  a  very  early  age 
he  was  brought  to  this  country  by  an  uncle,  who 
resided  at  Prince  Edward  Island,  and  with  whom 
he  remained  but  a  short  time,  as  he  soon  learned 
that  it  was  the  intention  of  his  uncle  to  have  him 


ZEALY 


1288 


ZION-S  ADVOCATE 


trained  for  the  Gathdlic  priesthood.  Filled  with 
disgust,  he  left  him  to  dwell  among  strangers. 
Finding  his  way  to  Providence,  R.  I.,  he  was  soon 
■converted  and  baptized.  lie  believed  that  he  was 
called  of  God  to  preach  Christ,  and  at  the  Ac- 
ademical School  in  Worcester,  Mass.f  he  prepared 
himself  to  enter  Columbian  College,  from  wliich 
he  graduated  with  honor,  and  was  chosen  class 
orator.      His  first  charge  was   near  Norfolk,  Va. 


From  this  place  he  removed  to  AVilliamsburg, 
Va.,  and  afterwards  to  Wilmington,  X.  C.  Leav- 
ing the  South,  he  came  to  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  when^ 
he  remained  several  years.  Spent  one  year  in  Oil 
City,  Pa.,  two  years  in  Woburn.  Mass.,  and,  after 
a  pastorate  of  nearly  four  years  in  Meadville,  Pa., 
he  was  called  to  Cheyenne,  AV^yoming,  where,  after 
organizing  a  church,  he  was  suddenly  called  to  his 
reward  Feb.  20,  1879. 


Z. 


Zealy,  J.  T.,  D.D.,  late  pastor  at  Jackson,  Miss., 
was  born  in  South  Carolina  in  1830;  educated  in 
the  Military  School  of  South  Carolina;  ordained 
at  Beaufort  in  1851 ;  was  some  time  pastor  at  Tal- 
ahassee,  Fla. ;  Cheraw,  S.  C.  ;  five  years  pastor  at 
Columbia,  S.  C. ;  during  the  war  was  president  of 
several  female  colleges  ;  in  1868  became  pastor  at 
Houston,  Texas,  where  he  continued  seven  years  ; 
was  then  called  to  Jackson,  Miss.,  where  he  con- 
tinued until  recently. 

Zion's  Advocate,  a  weekly  religious  paper,  the 
organ  of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  the  State  of 
Maine.  The  first  number  of  this  paper  was  pub- 
lished Nov.  11,  1828,  under  the  editorial  manage- 
ment of  Rev.  Adam  Wilson,  who,  with  great  cour- 
age and  selfdenial,  conducted  its  affairs  for  ten 
years.  It  then  came  into  the  hands  of  Rev.  Joseph 
Ricker,  whose  connection  with  it  continued  until 
Dec.  27,  1842,  when  Dr.  Wilson  resumed  the  edi- 
torial chair,  having  as  assistant  Rev.  Lewis  Colby, 
at  the  time  pastor  of  the  Free  Street  church  in 
Portland.  Mr.  Colby  held  this  relation  a  few 
months  only,  and  until  the  paper  was  sold,  in  1848, 
Dr.  Wilson  was  sole  editor.  The  Advocate  having 
been  purchased  by  Mr.,  now  Prof.;  S.  K.  Smith, 
of  Colby  University,  the  first  number  under  his 
management  was  issued  Sept.  1,  1848,  and  the 
paper  was  enlarged  to  seven  columns  instead  of 
six,  and  was  called  Zion's  Advocate  and  Eastern 
Watchman,  the  name  which  it  now  bears.  Mr. 
Smith  held  his  office  until  his  election  to  a  profes- 
sorship in  Waterville  College,  when  the  paper  came 
into  the  hands  of  Mr.,  now  Prof.,  J.  B.  Foster,  who 


had  charge  of  it  for  eight  years,  when  his  election 
to  a  professorship  in  Waterville  College  led  to  his 
resignation  and  the  transfer  by  purchase  to  Rev. 
W.  II.  Shailer,  D.D..  then  pastor  of  th*e  First  Bap- 
tist church  in  Portland.  Mr.  J.  W.  Colard  was 
associa'te  editor  with  Dr.  Shailer  during  nearly  the 
entire  period  of  the  latter  gentleman's  connection 
with  the  paper.  The  office  of  the  Advocate  wa.s 
burned  at  the  time  of  the  great  fire  in  Portland, 
July  4,  1866.  Fortunately,  the  paper  of  that  week 
had  been  sent  out,  and  the  nest  week  a  small  sheet 
was  issued.  The  paper  r'esumed  its  old  size  the 
week  following.  Thus  there  has  been  no  break  in 
the  weekly  issue  of  the  paper  since  its  commence- 
ment in  1828.  The  present  editor  and  proprietor. 
Rev.  Henry  S.  Burrage,  a  graduate  of  Brown  Uni- 
versity of  the  class  of  1861,  purchased  the  paper 
from  Rev.  Dr.  Shailer  in  September.  1873,  and  en- 
tered upon  his  editorial  duties  October  22  of  that 
year.  In  April,  1877.  the  paper  was  enlarged  to 
its  present  eight-column  size,  and  it  has  entered 
upon  the  second  half-century  of  its  existence, 
taking  a  place  among  the  best  denominational  pa- 
pers in  the  country.  It  has  had,  and  now  has,  a 
valuable  class  of  contributors  to  its  pages.  The 
influence  it  has  had  in  the  enlargement  and  eleva- 
tion of  the  Baptist  churches  in  JIaine  has  been 
very  great.  While  kind  and  courteous  in  spirit, 
it  has  unflinchingly  maintained  what  it  has  sin- 
cerely believed  was  '•  the  faith  once  delivered  to  the 
saints."  ••Conducted  in  the  same  spirit,  for  tlie 
future  it  will  continue  to  be  worthy  of  the  best 
patronage  the  Baptists  of  Maine  can  give  to  it. 


SUPPLEMENT. 


A. 


Alderson,  Rev.  John,  vvas  born  in  Yorkshire, 
Englatul,  in  IG'.KJ.  UJs  father,  Rev.  Joiin  Aider- 
son,  was  a  minister  of  respectable  standinn;  in 
his  denomination.  His  son,  the  subject  of  this 
notice,  was  a  wayward  youth,  and,  at  the  aije  of 
nineteen  or  twenty,  came  to  America  on  l)oard  a 
British  man-of-war.  Locating  in  New  Jersey,  near 
the  old  Bethlehem  church,  he  worked  in  the  field  for 
a  respectable  farmer  l)y  the  name  of  Curtis,  whose 
favor  he  secured,  and  whose  daughter  he  married. 

Having  embraced  the  Saviour  in  the  fullness  of 
his  heart,  he  was  baptized,  and  received  into  the 
Bethlehem  church.  Possessing  a  clear  intellect 
and  a  heart  deeply  imbued  I)y  divine  grace,  he 
was  encouraged  to  give  himself  to  the  ministry  of 
the  Word.  At  length  he  was  sent  forth  as  a 
herald  of  the  Cross  by  his  church. 

Thomas  Hollis,  of  London,  who  was  noted  in  his 
day  for  aiding  Baptist  ministers  with  good  books, 
had  presented  Rev.  John  Alderson,  of  Yorkshire, 
with  several  volumes,  among  which  were  "  Keach 
on  the  Parables,"  "  Keiich  on  Scripture  Meta- 
phors," large  folio,  and  "  Cottin's  Concordance," 
quarto,  London,  1635.  The  aged  father  sent  these 
books  to  his  son  as  an  evidence  of  his  inexpressible 
pleasure  in  learning  that  he  had  changed  his  man- 
ner of  life  and  was  now  a  preacher  of  the  gospel. 
Mr.  Alderson  removed  to  Germantown.  and  here 
continued  in  the  ministry  until  175.T.  when  be  lo- 
cated in  Rockingham  Co..  Va. 

This  frontier  country  had  been  previously  vis- 
ited by  himself,  Benjamin  Griffith,  Samuel  Eaton, 
and  John  (Jano.  On  the  urgent  solicitation  of  the 
few  brethren  there  Mr.  Alderson  was  induced  to 
settle  as  their  preacher,  and  on  the  6th  of  August, 
1756,  he  was  instrumental  in  organizing  them  into 
a  church,  called  Smith's  and  Linville  Creek  church. 

A  little  Baptist  church,  which  became  extinct, 
existed  in  the  Isle  of  Wight  County  in  1714.  The 
Opeckon  was  constituted,  in  Berkeley  County,  in 
1743,  and  this  church,  constituted  by  Mr.  Aider- 
son,  was  the  third  that  had  a  name  in  the  State  of 
Virginia.  Though  twice  dispersed  I)y  the  inroads 
of  the  Indians,  "after  two  or  three  years,"  says 
82 


Semple,  the  historian,  ''they  rallied  again,  and  yut 
their  church  matters  in  regular  order.  On  tiie  12th 
of  October,  17G"J.  Mr.  Alderson  attended  the  meet- 
ingof  the  Pliiladelphia  Association,  when  hischurch 
was  received  as  a  member  of  that  body."  Subse- 
quently, Mr.  Alderson  removed  to  Botetourt  Co., 
Va.  Like  many  of  the  early  Baptist  ministers  of 
that  .State,  he  did  not  escape  persecution.  He  was 
imprisoned  in  the  jail  at  Fincastle.  Ilediedin  1781, 
in  the  eighty-third  year  of  his  age,  and  was  buried 
in  the  grave-yard  of  his  neighborhood,  afterwards 
abandoned  and  overgrown  with  tall  oaks,  with 
neither  hillock  nor  stone  to  mark  his  resting-f)lace. 

Alexander,  Rev.  John,  was  bom  Jan.  30. 1.s2<). 

in   the  city  of  Quebec.      His  parents,  who  were 


REV.   JOHN     .ALEXANDER. 


Scotch  Presbyterians,  died  when  he  was  yet  an  in- 
fant. Converted  in  184.5,  he  at  once  consecrated 
himself  to  God  for  the  ministry,  and  in  1846  he  en- 

1289 


ALLISON 


1290 


ARNOLD 


tered  Knox  College'(Presbyterian),  Toronto,  where 
he  completed  the  course  of  five  yeai's  then  pre- 
scribed, with  ii  partial  attendance  at  King's  (now 

^  University)  College.  In  1851  he  was  ordained  pas- 
tor of  the  Free  Presbytei-ian  church,  Niagara,  On- 
tario. From  thence,  in  1864,  he  removed  to  Brant- 
ford,  where  he  formed  wliat  is  how  known  as  Zion 
Presbyterian  church,  and  secured  the  erection  of 
the  .fine  edifice  owned  by  that  body.  While  in 
Brantford,  in  obedience  to  Christ  and  conscience, 
he  left  the  Presbyterian  communion,  and  was  bap- 

"  tized,  in  December,  1860,  by  the  late  Dr.  Fyfe,  be- 
coming a  member  and,  in  a  few  weeks,  pastor  of 
■  the  First  Baptist  church.  In  1863  he  was  called 
to  the  First  church,  Montreal,  where  he  remained 
seven  years,  when  he  returned  to  Brantford,  and 
aided  in  forming  the  Tabernacle  Baptist  chui-ch. 
Five  years  later  he  took  charge  of  another  new  in- 
terest in  the  same  city,  now  the  East  "Ward  church. 
He  subsequently  spent  a  short  time  in  advocating 
the  cause  of  the  Grand  Ligne  Mission,  three  months 
with  the  church  in  Ottawa,  111.,  and  a  year  and  a 
half  as  pastor  in  Simcoe,  Ontario.  He  entered 
upon  his  present  pastorate  at  Brockville,  Ontario, 
in  response  to  a  twice-repeated  call.  Mr.  Alexan- 
der is  one  of  the  most  useful  and  honored  men  in 
the  Baptist  ministry  in  Canada.  His  work  in 
Brantford  and  Montreal  was  specially  fruitful,  and 
laid  the  foundation  of  much  of  the  present  prosper- 
ity of  the  cause  in  those  cities.  For  seven  years  he 
was  secretary  of  the  Eastern  Home  Missionary  Con- 
vention and  of  the  Sunday-School  Union,  and  presi- 
dent of  the  Grande  Ligne  Mission,  in  which  objects 
he  took  a  very  deep  and  practical  interest. 

Allison,  Rev.  J.  V.,  of  Pawnee  Rock,  Kansas, 
was  born  in  1815,  in  Western  Pennsylvania  ;  edu- 
cated at  Philadelphia,  and  ordained  in  1840,  and 
settled  as  pastor  at  Willistown.  His  next  charge 
was  that  of  Vincent  Baptist  church  at  Chester 
Springs,  in  the  same  county.'  From  his  pastorate 
at  Vincent  he  was  called  by  the  board  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Baptist  Convention  to  serve  as  financial 
agent,  and  two  years  later  was  appointed  by  the 
board  of  trustees  of  the' university  at  Lewisburg 
financial  agent  of  that  institution.  After  two  years 
of  service  on  behalf  of  the  university  lie  accepted 
a  call  from  the  Blockley  Baptist  church,  Philadel- 
phia, from  which  he  removed  to  Mount  Carroll. 
III.,  and  labored  in  the  nortiiern  part  of  the  State 
as  missioiuiry  and  pastor  for  a  period  of  twenty- 
four  years,  organizing  three  churches  and  building 
four  meeting-houses.  In  1874,  entirely  prostrated 
physically,  and  with  but  faint  hope  of  ever  being 
able  to  labor  in  the  ministry  again,  he  resigned 
his  charge,  and  the  following  year  removed  to  his 
present  location  in  the  Arkansas  Valley,  Kansas. 
But  the  change  of  climate  wonderfully  restored  his 
health,  and   he  is   now  (April,  1881)  actively  en- 


gaged in  the  work  of  the  ministry  under  the  patron- 
age of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society, 
having  four  young  churches — Raymond,  Pawnee 
Rock,  Larned,  and  Walnut — under  his  charge, 
three  of  which,  and  one  other,  having  been  organ- 
ized under  his  labors. 

Alward,  Rev.  Ephraim,  was  bom  in  New 
Brunswick,  June  2, 1830.  His  parents  removed  to 
Ohio  in  his  infancy,  and  he  was  converted  at  four- 
teen. At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  removed  to  St. 
Joseph,  Mo.,  where  he  was  baptized  in  January. 
1849.  Soon  after  this  he  entered  William  Jewell 
College,  Mo.,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1855.» 
About  the  time  of  leaving  college  he  was  ordained. 
He  removed  to  Kansas  in  January,  1858,  and  was 
the  first  Baptist  minister  that  located  in  Northeast 
Kansas,  and  for  four  consecutive  years  was  the 
itinerant  missionary  of  the  American  Baptist  Home 
Mission  Society  in  that  region.  He  has  been  pas- 
tor of  the  Baptist  churches  at  Springfield,  Mo.,  at 
Red  Oak,  Iowa,  and  in  Kansas  at  Burlingame,  To- 
peka,  Hiawatha,  and  Wathena. 

Arnold,  Hon.  Welcome,  was  born  in  Smith- 
field,  R.  I.,  Feb.  5,  1745.  He  took  up  his  residence 
in  Providence,  where  he  commenced  business  as  a 
commission  merchant.  His  industry  and  ability 
arrested  the  attention  of  President  ^Manning,  of 
Brown  University,  in  whose  church — the  First 
Baptist — he  was  a  worshiper.  As  the  war  of  the 
Revolution  came  on,  Mr.  Arnold  being  now  alone 
in  business,  began  to  develop  still  more  strikingly 
his  talents  as  a  merchant.  He  entered  into  navi- 
gation extensively,  and  was  so  largely  interested  in 
the  ownership  of  vessels  that  it  is  said  that,  although 
he  accumulated  a  handsome  fortune  as  the  result 
of  his  enterprise,  thirty  vessels  were  captured  by 
the  British  or  lost  in  some  way  during  the  period 
of  the  war  of  each  of  which  he  was  a  part  owner. 
He  represented  the  town  several  years  in  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly,  and  four  times  was  elected  Speaker 
of  the  house.  Had  he  chosen  he  might,  without 
doubt,  have  been  elected  governor  of  the  State. 
For  this  position,  however,  he  had  no  special  am- 
bition, his  large  business  requiring  so  much  atten- 
tion that  he  could  not  command  the  time  to  attend 
to  the  duties  of  the  office.  Although  not  a  mem- 
ber of  the  church,  Mr.  Arnold  was  a  decided  and 
]ironounced  Baptist,  and  liberally  contributed, 
like  his  fellow-merchants  of  the  Brown  family,  in 
sustaining  public  worship  in  the  new  sanctuary,  in 
the  erection  of  which  he  took  a  deep  interest.  He 
was  a  personal  friend  of  both  President  Manning 
and  President  Maxey,  and  gave  generously  to  the 
funds  of  Brown  University,  of  which  he  was  a 
trustee  from  1783  to  his  death,  which  occurred 
Sept.  30.  1798.  Among  his  descendants  may  be 
mentioned  the  name  of  his  grandson,  the  late  Hon. 
S.  G.  Arnold,  a  sketch  of  whose  life  may  be  found 


ARTHUR 


1-_>9I 


BEUGLESS 


in  the  ''  Encyclojiajdia."  Among  tlic  IJaptist  lay- 
men of  Rhode  Island  he  takes  a  worthy  jiluce,  and 
Ills  memory  is  respected  in  his  adopted  home. 

Arthur,  William,  D.D.,  was  born  in  County 
Antrim,  of  Scotcli-Irish  .<tock,  a  people  whose 
liescendants  liave  given  the  United  States  several 
presidents,  many  valiant  soldiers,  and  hosts  of 
useful  citizens.  Mr.  Arthur  was  a  graduate  of 
Belfast  College.  lie  came  to  the  United  States  in 
his  eighteenth  year,  and  entered  the  Baptist  min- 
istry. From  1855  to  1863  he  was  pastor  of  tlie 
Calvary  church  in  New  York.  lie  served  the 
churches  at  Bennington,  Ilinesburg,  Fairfiehl.  anil 
Willistown,  Vt.  ;  and  at  York,  I'erry,  (iroenwich, 
■Schenectady,  Lansingburg,  Ilooi/ic,  West  Troy, 
und  Newtonville,  N.  Y.,  where  he  died  in  October, 
1875.  Dr.  Arthur  was  an  author  of  extensive 
learning,  and  a  minister  of  great  usefulness  and 
piety.  His  distinguislied  son,  Chester  A.  Arthur, 
is  now  President  of  tiie  United  States. 


Asplund,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Sweden  ;  came 
to  England  in  177')  :  was  in  the  British  navy  for 
some  time,  from  wiiidi  he  deserted,  and  settled  in 
North  Carolina.  lie  joined  the  Baptist  church  at 
Ballard's  Bridge,  Chowan  Co..  yi  1782;  removed 
to  SontIiam|it()n,  Va.,and  was  ordaineil.  In  171*1- 
94  he  published  his  first  and  second  "  Baptist  Reg- 
ister." In  these  two  productions  he  treasured  up 
invaluable  statistics  of  the  Baj)tist  denomination. 
Morgan  Edwards,  Isaac  Backus,  R.  B.  Semple,  and 
John  As])lun(l  are  the  greatest  literary  benefactors 
of  American  Baptists.  He  says  "he  made  a  tour 
of  tiie  Ba()tist  cliurehes  to  obtain  tlu;  necessary  in- 
formation (for  his  work).  He  traveled  about  7()00 
miles  in  about  eighteen  months,  chiefly  on  foot, 
and  visited  about  215  churches  and  fifteen  Associa- 
tions." (Introduction  to  his  '•  Register"  for  1791.) 
He  was  drowned  in  Fishing  Creek,  Va.,  in  1807, 
while  attempting  to  cross  it.  The  literary  work 
of  this  Swedish-American  is  rare  and  costlv. 


B. 


Balcom,  Rev.  George,  was  born  at  Oxford, 

Chenango  (^o.,  N.  Y.,  and  was  a  brother  of  the  late 
Hon.  Ransom  Balcom,  of  Binghamton,  and  of  Rev. 
B.  F.  Balcom,  of  Steuben  Co.,  N.  Y.  Converted 
after  he  had  reached  the  maturity  of  early  man- 
hood and  assumed  the  responsibilities  of  life,  he 
gave  himself  to  the  ministry  with  all  the  ardor  of 
his  large  heart. 

In  his  native  State  he  labored  with  marked  suc- 
cess, especially  as  an  evangelist.  Removing  to 
Kansas  in  1870,  he  devoted  himself  to  the  Master's 
work  witli  his  accustomed  zeal,  aiding  pastors  in 
special  meetings  and  laboring  with  much  self-de- 
nial among  the  feeble  churches  and  in  the  destitute 
regions  on  the  frontier.  During  his  ministry  of 
twenty-seven  years  he  baptized  more  than  2000, 
and  several  converted  under  his  labors  are  now 
preaching  the  gospel.  He  died  in  Cawker  City, 
Kansas,  Dec.  21.  ISV").  in  his  fifty-seventh  year. 

Berry,  Rev.  Philip,  was  born  near  Hackcn- 
sack,  N.  J.,  Feb.  IC),  1837.  His  parents  were  of 
Huguenotic  descent  (Berri  and  Romeyn),  and  were 
strict  members  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church.  He 
graduated  at  Rutgers  College,  N.  J.,  in  1857,  and 
at  the  Theological  Seminary  in  that  place  in  1860. 
During  his  theological  course  he  paid  a  visit  to 
(Jermany,  and  on  his  return  was  shipwrecked  by 
the  burning  of  the  steamer  "Austria,"  of  the 
Hamburg  line,  in  which  catastrophe  600  persons 
perished  and  but  88  were  saved.     The  shock  re- 


ceived by  this  accident  was  so  severe  that  he  never 
recovered  from  it.  His  first  settlement  after  grad- 
uation was  at  (Jrand  Rapids,  Mich.  In  1863  he 
was  commissioned  by  the  American  Board  as  a 
missionary   to    Syria.      Here  he   labored   for  two 

i  years,  greatly  enjoying  the  work ;  besides  ac- 
((uiring  the  Aral)ic  language,  he  laid  in  stores  of 
knowledge  ol"  the  greatest  value  in  Scriptural  in- 
terpretation. But  owing  to  the  enervating  effect 
of  the  climate,  both  u|)on  himself  and  upon  Mrs. 
Berry,  they  returned  to  this  country  in  the  autumn 
of  1865.  For  six  years  after  this  he  labored  in 
preaching  and  teaching  among  the  Pedobaptists. 
At  letigtii  his  views  on  baptism,  which  for  twelve 
or  fifteen  years  had  caused  him  grave  doubts  and 

j  difficulties,  were  submitted  to  the  test  of  Scripture 
alone,  and  he  was  l)aptized  into  the  fellowship  of 
the   Second   Baptist   church,  AVorcester,  Mass.,  in 

,  February,  1872.      After  laboring  in  Massachusetts 

i  for  five  years  in  preaching  the  gospel,  he  was 
chosen  assistant  editor  of  the  National  Baptist  in 
the  spring  of  1878.  His  special  work  on  the  paper 
is  the  conducting  of  the  Bible  School  and  the  ^liter- 
ary  Department. 

Mr.   Berry  is  a  man  of  devoted  piety,  and   of 
great  n^cfuliiess. 

1       Beugless,  Rev.  J.  D.,  was   bom   in   Delaware 

I  Co.,  Pa.,  Oct.  18,  1836.  In  his  eighteenth  year, 
his  father  having  removed  to  Philadelphia,  he  be- 

1  came  acquainted  with  the  Baptists,  and  he  was  so 


BEVAN 


1292 


BUCUAN 


thoroughly  convinced  of  the  harmony  of  their  prin- 
ciples with  divine  revelation  that  the  following 
year,  upon  a  profession  of  faith,  he  was  baptized 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Eleventh  Baptist  church, 
Philadelphia.  la  1856  he  entered  the  university 
at  Lewisburg,  from  which  he  gradu'ated  in  1860. 

After  leaving  the  university  he  was  for  a  time 
an  assistant  to  the  editor  of  the  Christian  Chron- 
icle,'the  Baptist  paper  of  Pennsylvania.  Subse- 
quently he  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Pawtuxet 
church  of  Rhode  Island.  Then  he  served  as  chap- 
lain of  the  2d  R.  I.  Infantry  until  wounded  in  the 
.battle  of  the  AVilderness.  He  was  mustered  out  of 
the  volunteer  service  with  his  regiment  in  June, 
1864,  and  was  commissioned  by  President  Lincoln 
a  chaplain  in  the  navy  July  2,  1864,  which  position 
he  still  holds.  lie  has  seen  active  service  in  peace 
and  war  in  almost  all  the  lands  and  waters  of  the 
globe.  He  participated  in  the  two  assaults  on  Fort 
Fisher. 

He  is  president  of  the  Association  of  Nayal  Chap- 
lains of  the  United  States,  an  organization  having 
for  its  object  the  increased  efficiency  of  the  corps. 

Chaplain  Beugless  has  culture,  intellect,  and 
piety;  he  is  fitted  by  character,  genius,  and  broad 
education  for  any  position  in  his  profession  on  sea 
or  on  land. 

Bevan,  Isaac,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  South  AVales, 
Jan.  27,  1811.  He  was  converted  at  seventeen  and 
baptized;  commenced  preaching  at  nineteen  ;  was 
ordained  at  twenty-one,  and  immediately  left  for 
this  country.  His  parents  were  worthy  members 
of  the  Baptist  Church. 

Very  soon  after  his  arrival  in  this  country  he 
went  to  Cold  Spring,  N.  Y.  His  first  pastorate 
was  in  Fishkill  Plains,  and  continued  seven  years. 
In  connection  with  his  labors  on  this  field  he  did 
considerable  work  that  was  blessed  of  God  at  Red 
Mills,  Cariuel,  Patterson,  Stanford,  Pine  Plains, 
Amenia,  Pleasant  Valley,  Matteawan,  and  AVap- 
pinger's  Falls.  In  connection  with  these  labors 
the  following  churches  were  organized :  Cold 
Spring,  Putnam  Valley,  JMatteawan,  Wappinger's 
Falls,  and  Beekman.  After  this  he  was  pastor  at 
Amenia  two  yeai's  :  at  Rhinebeck  and  Tivoli  nearly 
six,  and  at  Hamilton  two. 

In  the  vStatc  of  Pennsylvania  his  pastorates  have 
been  at  Reading,  eight  years;  at  Scranton,  ten 
years  ;  at  Clark's  Green  and  Hyde  Park,  ten  years. 
For  part  of  two  years  he  was  corresponding  secre- 
tary of  the  Pennsylvania  Baptist  State  Convention. 

Few  men  have  prized  more  highly  the  privilege 
of  preaching  the  gospel.  His  courteous  bearing 
towards  all  Christians  of  whatever  name,  coupled 
with  an  unflinching  adherence  to  truth,  endeared 
him  to  thousands  who  listened  to  his  preaching. 

Binga,  Rev.  A.,  Jr.,  was  born  June  1.  1S43,  at 
Amherstburg,  Ontario,  Dominion  of  Canada.     He 


is  the  son  of  a  Baptist  minister  who  was  one  of 
the  fathers  of  the  Baptist  churches  in  that  region' 
After  pursuing  his  studies  at  King's  Institute,  On- 
tario, he  spent  several  years  in  studying  medicine. 
He  was  baptized  in  February,  1867,  licensed  to 
preach  in  thefollowitig  April,  and  ordained  in  Sep- 
tember. In  1868  he  became  principal  of  the  Al- 
bany Enterprise  Academy  in  Ohio,  in  connection 
with  which  position  he  preaqhed  regularly  every 
Sunday.  In  1872  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Manchester,  Chesterfield  Co.,  Va., 
and  for  nine  years  has  been  most  successful  in  his 
labors.  During  this  period  he  has  baptized  •544* 
persons.  On  throe  different  occasions  he  had  the 
pleasure  of  baptizing  over  120  candidates,  and  at 
one  time  baptized  128  persons  in  fifty-five  minutes. 
Mr.  Binga  has  a  wide  field  of  usefulness.  He  has 
served  as  principal  of  the  colored  school  in  Man- 
chester, as  recording  secretarj'  of  the  Baptist  State 
Convention,  as  secretary  of  the  Baptist  State  Sun- 
day-School Convention,  and  chairman  of  the  For- 
eign Mission  Board.  He  has  written  considera- 
bly as  associate  editor  of  several  papers,  and  as 
contidbutor  to  the  columns  of  the  Religious  Herald. 
He  is  a  good  preacher,  a  judicious  counselor,  a 
warm  friend  of  higher  education,  earnestly  inter- 
ested in  all  movements  which  have  for  their  object 
the  advancement  of  the  interests  of  the  denomina- 
tion, and  is  highly  esteemed  by  the  colored  Baptists 
of  Virginia. 

Blackall,  Clarence  H.,  was  born  in  New  York 
City  in  1856  ;  was  graduated  after  a  full  course  in 
architecture  in  the  Illinois  Industrial  University 
under  Dr.  John  M.  Gregory  :  spent  two  years  in 
Paris  in  Ecole  des  Beaux  Arts  under  the  celebrated 
architect  M.  Andre.  AVhile  in  Paris  he  was  an 
efficient  laborer  in  the  American  chapel,  and  cor- 
responded with  marked  ability  for  the  Standard, 
of  Chicago,  the  National  Baptist,  of  Philadelphia, 
and  the  Examiner  and  Chronicle,,  of  New  York. 
He  gives  promise  of  success  in  his  profession  and 
usefulness  in  his  church. 

Broadus,  Hon.  Edmund,  Culpeper  Co.,  Va., 
long  a  prominent  member  of  the  Virginia  Legisla- 
ture, and  a  very  infl.uential  layman  in  the  Shiloh 
Association  :  a  wise,  good,  and  useful  man  ;  elder 
brother  of  William  F.  and  Andrew  Broaddus,  and 
father  of  James  M.  and  John  A.  Broadus.  (The 
name  is  contracted  frou)  Broadhurst,  which  is  now 
pronounced  so  in  London.) 

Buchan,  David,  was  born  in  Glasgow.  Scotland. 
March  3,  18ci7.  He  was  descended  from  a  long 
line  of  pious  ancestors,  a  line  which  included 
Ebenezer  Erskine.  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
United  Presbyterian  Church  of  Scotland.  His 
father  was  an  elder  in  a  Scotch  Baptist  church. 
He  was  educated  for  the  legal  profession,  but  re- 
linquished it.     AVlien  quite  a  youth  ho  was  con- 


BVCHAN 


1293 


BUCKNER 


verted  and  baptized.  In  1834  he  emigrated  to 
Canada,  and  settled  near  the  town  of  Paris,  where 
he  was  instrumental  in  organizing  a  Baptist  church. 
The  beautiful  edifice  in  which  this  church  now 
worships  was  erected  at  hio  sole  cost  in  1864.  In 
1S4'J  he  removed  to  Toronto,  and  started  a  weekly 
Baptist  newspaper, —  'Hie  Pianeer.  Two  years  after 
lie  was  appointed  l)y  the  government  bursar  of 
Toronto  University  and  Colleges,  au  ollice  which 
he  held  until  his  death.  For  many  years  a  mem- 
ber of  Bond  Street  Baptist  church,  Toronto,  he  at 
length  left  it,  witii  others,  to  form  a  new  church  in 
Yorkville,  of  which  he  was  the  senior  deacon  and 
principal  supporter.  He  was  also  for  several  years 
superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school.  By  his  re- 
moval the  various  denominational  societies  in  the 
province  of  Ontario  lost  an  earnest  advocate,  a 
generous  contributor,  and  a  wise  counselor.  An 
ardent,  loyal  Baptist,  he  was  also  a  friend  to  the 
cause  of  evangelical  religion  by  whomsoever  repre- 
sented. At  tiie  time  of  his  death,  Oct.  17,  1877,  he 
was  president  (for  the  third  time)  of  the  Home  Mis- 
sion Convention  of  Ontario.  He  was  smitten  with 
apople.xy  on  his  own  threshold,  as  he  was  starting 
out  to  attend  a  meeting  of  the  Ixiard. 

Bucban,  Humphry  Ewing,  M.A.,  M.D.,  son 

of  David  Buuhan,  was  born  at  Braeside,  near  Paris, 
Ontario,  May  20,  1842.  He  graduated  B.A.  in  the 
University  of  Toronto  in  1864,  and  M.B.  in  medi- 
cine at  the  same  university  in  1867,  and  subse- 
quently spent  two  years  at  the  leading  hospitals 
of  London  and  Glasgow.  While  in  Scotland  he 
passed  the  examination  and  received  the  license  of 
the  Koyal  College  of  Physicians,  Edinburgh,  and 
tiie  Faculty  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Glasgow. 
He  is  consulting  physician  to  the  Hospital  for 
Sick  Ciiildren,  Toronto,  and  physician  to  Toronto 
<leneral  Hospital.  He  is  also  the  representative 
of  Toronto  University  on  the  Council  of  the  Col- 
lege of  Piiysicians  and  Surgeons  of  Ontario. 

Dr.  Buchan  was  baptized  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Caldi- 
cott  in  1863.  In  1877  lie  was  elected  deacon  of 
tiie  Jarvis  Street  church,  Toronto.  He  was  super- 
intendent of  the  Sunday-school  from  1877  to  1880, 
wlien  he  resigned  on  account  of  professional  duties. 
He  was  president  of  the  Baptist  Missionary  Con- 
vention of  Ontario  in  1877-78.  He  is  one  of  the 
trustees  of  the  Toronto  Baptist  College,  and  treas- 
urer of  the  Baptist  Union  of  Canada.  For  two 
years  he  was  managing  editor  of  the  Christian 
Helper,  which  he  was  mainly  instrumental  in  start- 
ing. No  layman  as  young  as  Dr.  Buclian  is  better 
known  or  more  deservedly  popular  in  his  native 
province. 

Buck,  William,  was  born  in  Ancaster.  Ontario, 
Aug.  22,  1828.  He  was  trained  in  the  public 
schools.  At  the  present  time  (1881)  he  is  one  of 
the  largest  manufacturers  in  the  Dominion.     He  is 


identified  with  many  enterprises  of  a  national,  lit- 
erary, and  religious  character,  and  supports  every- 
thing that  seems  to  promise  the  welfare  of  society. 
He  is  president  of  the  Brantford  Board  of  Trade,  a 
director  of  the  Koyal  Loan  Society,  the  Brantford 
Young  Ladies'  College,  and  the  Young  Men's  Chris- 
tian Association  of  Brantford.  He  is  one  of  the 
trustees  of  the  Ta])ernacle  Ba|itist  ciiurcii,  of  which 
he  was  one  of  the  earliest  members,  and  also  of  the 
Canadian  Literary  Institute,  Woodstock,  and  of 
the  Toronto  Baptist  College.  In  1869-70  he  was 
president  of  the  Baptist  Missionary  Convention  of 
Ontario.  Mr.  Buck  is  an  earnest,  practical  Chris- 
tian, a  lil)eral  giver,  and  a  wise  counselor.  He  is 
one  (}f  the  pilhirs  of  the  denomination  in  Canada. 
Buckner,  Rev.  Daniel,  was  born  in  Laurens 
District,  S.  C,  Sept.  30,  1801.  His  fatiier  re- 
moved, in  1807,  to  East  Tennessee.  In  the  spring 
of  1816  the  Spirit  led  him  to  Christ,  iind  he  was 
baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  Lick  Creek,  now 
Warrensburg,  churcii,  Greene  Co.  He  was  or- 
dained in  1827.  He  labored  extensively  in  Ten- 
nessee and  Kentucky,  traveling  in  all  directions 
and  for  long  distances  to  tell  the  story  of  the  Cross. 
He  possessed  apostolic  zeal,  self-denial,  and  suc- 
cess. In  the  beginning  of  the  war  he  removed  to 
Texas,  where  he  still  lives,  feeble  with  age  and 
full  of  hope,  and  where  God  has  afco  blessed  his 
labors. 

He  preached  for  fifty  years,  and  baptized  2500 
persons.  Of  the  5000  converted  under  his  minis- 
try, twenty-five  of  those  whom  he  immersed  became 
ministers  of  the  gospel.  The  distinguished  Indian 
missionary  and  the  able  editor  of  The  Texas  Baptist 
are  his  sons. 

Buckner,  H.  F.,  D.D.,  resides  at  Eufaula,  Creek 
Nation.  He  is  a  man  of  consuming  zeal,  of  more 
than  ordinary  natural  ability,  and  of  great  perse- 
verance. He  was  born  Dec.  18,  1818,  near  New- 
port, East  Tenn.  lie  was  converted  when  a  small 
boy,  and  united  with  the  Baptist  church  at  Madi- 
sonville,  Tenn.,  in  1832,  being  baptized  by  his  own 
father.  In  1835  he  entered  the  Southwestern 
Tlieological  Seminary,  where  he  remained  three 
years.  He  went  to  Alabama  in  1838,  and  en- 
gaged in  teaching.  From  early  youth  it  had  been 
his  desire  to  preach,  Ijut  it  was  not  until  his  resi- 
dence in  Alabama  that  he  consented  to  enter  the 
ministry.  Licensed  in  1839,  he  was  soon  after  or- 
dained, and  took  charge  of  four  churches,  at  the 
same  time  continuing  his  studies  in  the  University 
of  Alabama.      In  the  mean   time  his  parents  had 

i  removed  to  Kentucky,  where  lie  rejoined  them  in 
1841.  He-became  a  State  missionary  of  the  Gen- 
eral Association  of  Kentucky,  and  labored   with 

[  great  success,  chiefly  in  Greenup  and  the  adjoining 
counties.      In  1848  he  became  a  missionary  to  the 

1  Indians,  under  the  auspices  of  the  American  Indian 


BUTLER 


1294 


CABANISS 


Mission  Association,'  whose  board  resided  at  Louis- 
ville, Ky.,  and  when  the  liabilities  and  assets  of  that 
board  were  transferred  to  the  Domestic  and  Indian 
Mission  Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Conven- 
tion, in  1855,  he  became  the  missionary  of  that 
Convention,  and  has  continued  thia  relation  until 
the  present  time.  The  honorary  degree  of  D.D. 
was  conferred  upon  him  by  Baylor  University. 

W.herever  he  has  been  engaged  Dr.  Buckner  has 
been  successful  ;  but  it  is  by  his  labors  as  an  In- 
dian missionary  that  he  is  best  known  to  the  de- 
nomination. Among  the  Indians  he  is  exceedingly 
popular,  and  he  wields  a  great  influence  over  them. 
lie  is  the  author  of  a  Creek  grammar,  and  has 
translated  the  gospel  by  John  into  the  Creek  lan- 
guage, besides  which  he  has  compiled  a  Creek 
hymn-book.  Acting  mostly  as  a  superintendent  of 
missions,  he  has  been,  and  still  continues  to  be,  an 
exceedingly  useful  missionary  among  the  Indians 
of  the  West.     (See  article  on  Indian  Missions.) 

Butler,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Nottingham 
West,  N.  IL,  April  13,  1789,  and  hopefully  con- 
verted at  the  age  of  fourteen,  under  the  preaching 
of  Rev.  Thomas  Paul.  On  Oct.  '6,  1806,  he  united 
with  the  church  in  Newbury  and  Newburyport, 
Mass.  He  was  licensed  to-preach  in  April,  1809, 
and  in  1810  ordained  pastor  of  the  church  in  Han- 
over, Mass.,  wliere  he  remained  fourteen  years.  He 
then  removed  to  Waterville,  Me.,  where  he  estab- 
lished a  school  for  young  ladies,  meanwhile  preach- 
ing most  of  the  time  ;  during  his  fourteen  months' 
residence  in  this  place,  he  baptized  sixty  persons. 
His  next  settlement  was  in  East  Winthrop,  where 
he  commenced  his  labors  in  May,  1825,  devoting  a 
part  of  his  time  to  teaching.  Here  he  remained 
six  years.  On  the  8th  of  May,  1831,  he  began  his 
pastorate  in  North  Yarmouth,  where  he  continued 
until  Oct.  15,  1835,  and  then  accepted  an  agency 
from  the  State  Convention,  to  preach  for  feeble 
churches  and  in  destitute  sections  of  Maine.  This 
position  he  held  for  nearly  two  years.  The  next 
ten  years  of  his  life  were  spent  in  doing  the  work 
of  an  evangelist,  preaching  wherever  the  provi- 
dence of  God  called  him".  During  this  period  he 
was  engaged  in  eighteen   revivals  of  religion,  in 


which  it  is  estimated  that  about  1200  persons  were 

hopefully  converted.     In  the  year  1854,  several  of 

I  his  children  having  established  homes  in  Ohio  and 

1  Kentucky,  Mr.  Butler  removed  to  that  part  of  the 

country.     The  state  of  his  health  was  such  that 

he  was  unable  to  preach  much.    The  last  baptismal 

.  service  which  he  performed  was  in  Middletown,  0.. 

the  candidates  being  his  three  grandchildren.     Hi- 

died  at  the  home  of  his  son  Charles,  in  Franklin. 

.0.,  July  1,  1856.     During  his' forty-eight  years  in 

the  ministry  he  labored  in  as  many  as  forty-two 

revivals,    the    first   and    the   last   being  with    the 

church    where    he  was    first   settled,  in   Hanover, . 

Mass. 

Butler,  Nathaniel,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Water- 
ville, Me.,  Oct.  19,  1824;  was  fitted  for  college  at 
the  Yarmouth,  Me.,  Academy  ;  spent  the  first  three 
years  of  his  college  course  at  Georgetown  College, 
and  was  a  graduate  of  what  is  now  Colby  Univer- 
sity in  the  class  of  1842.  His  ordination  took  place 
at  Turner,  Me.,  Oct.  28,  1845.  Here  he  remained 
nearly  five  years, — 1845-50, — when  he  became 
agent  of  the  Missionary  Union  for  Maine  and  East- 
ern Massachusetts,  resigning  in  the  fall  of  1850 
to  take  the  pastorate  of  the  church  in  Eastport. 
Me.,  where  he  remained  till  Sept.  3,  1859.  From 
June  14,  1860,  to  May  10,  1863,  he  was  pastor 
at  Auburn  ;  from  1864  to  1869,  at  Camden;  froni 
1869  to  1872,  at  Albion,  111. ;  from  1872  to  No- 
vember, 1873,  at  Leavenworth,  Kansas  ;  from 
November,  1873,  to  Oct.'l,  1876,  at  Second  church 
in  Bangor,  Me. ;  from  November,  1873,  to  October, 
1876,  at  Dexter ;  from  April,  1877,  to  April, 
1878,  at  North  Vassalborough  ;  and  at  Ilallowell 
from  April,  1880,  to  April,  1881.  He  represented 
Vassalborough  and  Windsor  in  the  State  Legis- 
lature of  ISSO.  He  was  the  private  secretary  of 
Vice-President  Hamlin  -from  1861  to  March  4. 
1865.  Dr.  Butler  received  the  degree  of  D.D. 
from,  his  alma  mater,  of  which  institution  he  has 
been  a  trustee  since  1856,  in  the  year  1873.  In 
addition  to  his  labors  as  a  pastor  he  has,  through 
the  whole  period  of  his  ministry,  performed  much 
labor  as  an  evangelist  in  Maine,  Massachusetts, 
Illinois,  and  Kansas. 


O. 


Cabaniss,  Judge  E.  G.,  was  born  in  Jasper 
Co.,  Ga-.,  in  1S05,  and  died  suddenly  at  Atlanta  in 
1871.     After  completing  a  course  at  Harvard  Col- 


the  State.  He  settled  in  Forsyth,  Monroe  Co.,  and 
was  elected  county  clerk  in  1826,  retaining  the 
office  twenty-five  years.     He  was  also  clerk  of  the 


lege,  in  1822,  he  was  called  to  the  bar  in  Georgia,      Court  of  Ordinary  for  the  same  length  of  time, 
and  rose  to  be  one  of  the  most  eminent  judges  in  i  He  was  elected  clerk  of  the  house  of  representa- 


CAIRNS 


1295 


CATES 


lives,  in  the  Legislature,  in  1840,  and  in  1857  was 
appointed  judge  of  the  Flint  circuit,  whicii  position 
he  held  until  1861  with  distinguished  credit  to 
himself.  He  was  elected  State  senator  in  1862; 
he  was  also  appointed  Confederate  States  tax  col- 
lector and  (loininis.sioner  for  Georgia,  retaining  tiie 
position  honorably  until  the  close  of  the  war.  In 
1865  he  was  a  member  of  the  State  constitutional 
convention,  and  in  the  autumn  of  the  same  year 
was  elected  to  Congress.  Early  in  the  year  1871 
lie  was  appointed  by  the  governor  auditor  of  the 
State  road,  called  the  "  AVestern  and  Atlantic  Rail- 
road," and  removed  his  fixmily  from  Forsyth  to 
Atlanta,  where  he  suddenly  expired.  -Judge  Ca- 
baniss  united  with  the  Baptists  in  183G,  and  was  a 
man  of  deep  piety,  and  «f  great  faithfulness  to 
Christ.  He  assisted  in  organizing  the  Southern 
Baptist  Convention,  in  May,  1845,  and  for  nmny 
years  was  a  trustee  of  Mercer  University.  A 
strong  temperance  man,  a  bright  Mason,  and  a 
conspicuous  example  of  uprightness,  honor,  and 
integrity.  In  his  death  Georgia  lost  one  of  her 
noblest  citizens  and  most  reliable  counselors,  in 
whose  heart  there  was  no  guile. 

Cairns,  Rev.  James,  was  bom  in  Scotland, 
April  y,  1824.  At  fifteen  he  was  converted  and 
united  with  the  Presbyterian  Church.  In  the  sum- 
mer of  1849  he  came  to  America.  After  living  some 
time  in  New  York  he  removed  to  Zanesville,  0. 
At  this  period  the  Baptists  were  engaged  in  erecting 
a  house  of  worship,  and  the  pastor,  Kev.  1).  E. 
Thomas,  came  to  Mr.  Cairns  and  asked  for  a  contri- 
bution ;  he  replied  that  he  could  give  no  assistance 
to  such  bigoted  people  as  the  Baptists,  for  although 
they  admitted  that  others  were  on  the  way  to 
heaven,  yet  they  would  not  admit  members  of 
other  churches  to  the  Lord's  Supper.  Mr.  Tiiomas 
defended  his  principles,  and  as  the  subject  turned 
upon  baptism,  it  was  arranged  that  they  should 
hold  a  discussion  at  the  home  of  Mr.  Cairns,  and 
that  the  Bible  should  be  the  only  authority  used. 
While  engaged  in  preparing  for  it,  Mr.  Cairns, 
much  against  his  will,  was  convinced  that  immer- 
sion is  the  only  Bible  mode  of  baptism.  Mrs. 
Cairns,  who  was  assisting  her  husl)and  in  his  re- 
searches, came  to  the  same  conclusion.  .10110  12, 
1852,  they  were  both  ba]>ti/.ed.  Mr.  Cairns  re- 
moved to  Bloomington,  111.,  and  united  with  the 
Ba|)tist  church  there,  where,  in  October,  185('),  he 
was  ordained  as  pastor  of  Smith's  Grove  church. 
Afterwards  he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the 
Fairburg  church,  and  remained  five  and  a  half 
years,  during  which  the  church  increased  from  40 
to  288  members.  He  was  afterwards  pastor  of 
the  churches  at  Lacon,  Uochelle,  Polo,  and  Cam- 
bridge, 111.  From  the  latter  place  he  removed  to 
AVinfield,  Cowley  Co.,  Kansas,  and  became  the 
pastor  of  the   First  Baptist  church   of   that  city. 


Mr.  Cairns  has  baptized  about  500  persons,  lie 
has  been  instrumental  in  erecting  several  church 
edifices,  and  he  has  organized  sixteen  churches. 

Cameron,  Rev.  A.  A.,  was  l)orn  in  Brcadalbane, 
Pcrtlisiiire.  Scotliuul,  in  1841.  He  has  spru!ig 
from  a  ministerial  family  ;  his  father,  his  uncle, 
grand-uncle,  and  quite  a  number  of  other  near  rela- 
tives have  been  or  are  clergymen.  He  received  his 
early  education  in  the  Free  Church  School  of  Law- 
ers,  and  the  parish  .school  of  Killin.  At  fifteen 
years  of  age  he  })ecame  tutor  in  a  gentleman's 
family,  in  Lochs  Glenlyon.  In  1857  he  emigrated 
to  Canada,  bis  father  l)eing  called  to  the  pastorate 
of  the  Breadalbane  Baptist  church,  Ontario.  He 
pursued  his  further  education  in  the  grammivr- 
schools  of  Vankleek  Hill  and  L'Original.  He 
taught  school  as  a  first-class  teacher  for  five  years  ; 
entered  tlii^  Baptist  College,  AVoodstock,  Ontario, 
as  a  theological  student  in  1864  ;  graduated  in  April, 
1867  ;  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  churcii. 
Strathroy,  the  following  June ;  and  was  called 
to  his  present  pastorate  in  Ottawa,  the  capital  of 
the  Dtnninion,  in  1871.  In  the  latter  city  he  has 
met  with  much  success.  He  is  an  eloquent  and 
effective  speaker,  a  great  controversialist,  and  a 
stanch  Baptist. 

Cameron,  Rev.  Robert,  was  born  in   1839, 

in  Oxford  Co.,  Ontario.  He  became  a  Christian 
in  1859.  In  1861,  under  Methodist  Episcopal 
auspices,  he  began  to  preach.  He  was  baptized  in 
the  autumn  of  1S62.  He  graduated  B.A.  in  186S, 
and  M.A.  in  1869,  frem  the  University  of  Toronto. 
While  pursuing  his  collegiate  course  he  became 
successively  pastor  in  Lorra,  Ontario,  and  editor 
of  the  Ba2>tist  Freeman.  On  graduating  he  settled 
for  a  short  time  over  a  church  in  Fairport,  N.  Y . 
During  this  pastorate  he  went  to  England  in  the 
interests  of  the  Grand  Eigne  Mission.  On  his 
return  he  was  pastor  for  a  time  in  New  York. 
He  was  one  of  the  originators  of  the  Baptist  Union, 
but  in  1875,  being  dissatisfied  with  the  course  of 
that  paper,  he  withdrew  entirely  from  it,  and  from 
further  co-operation  with  the  so-called  liberal  Bap- 
tists. On  visiting  Canada  shortly  after,  he  received 
a  unanimous  invitation  to  the  Tabernacle  Baptist 
church,  Brantford,  of  which  he  is  still  the  highly- 
esteemed  and  successful  pastor. 

Cates,  Rev.  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Orange  Co., 
N.  C.  In  April,  18154,  he  came  to  East  Tennessee. 
March  II,  1838,  be  was  baptized  into  the  fellow- 
of  the  McMinnville  church.  In  1843  he  went  to 
school  in  Nashville,  after  this  to  Union  University, 
at  Murfreesborough.  He  was  ordained  by  the 
McMinnville  church.  Oct.  13,  1844,  Elders  Bradley, 
Kimbrough,  and  Matthew  Ilillsman  constituting 
the  Presbytery.  During  his  missionary  work  he 
constituted  three  churches.  In  January,  1846,  he 
was  elected  pastor  of  the  church  at  Marion,  Cnnnon 


CIIEVES 


1296 


CROWELL 


Co.,  and  continued  as  such  over  nine  years.  In 
April,  1846,  he  returned  to  the  university  and  re- 
mained one  session.  During  this  year  he  published 
a  small  hyiun-book,  the  '•  Companion,"  of  which 
3500  were  sold.  Tlic  second  edition  of  10,000  was 
sold  directly.  After  this  he  enlarged  the  work, 
and  called  it  "The  Baptist  Companion;"'  of  it 
()000  were  published.  After  the  war  he  made  a 
new'  selection,  "  The  Sacred  Harp,""  which  was 
published  in  Philadelphia^  Several  of  the  hymns 
in  this  collection  are  his  own.  He  has  published 
soine  other  valuable  works,  among  which  is  "  The 
Voice  of  Truth."  He  is  now,  and  has  been  for  a 
number  of  years,  editor  and  publisher  of  The  Bap- 
tist Messenger,  at  Woodbury,  Tenn.,  an  able  Baptist 
paper. 

Cheves,  Rev.  J.  B.,  was  born  in  Crawford  Co., 
Ga.,  Jan.  17,  1851,  and  is  a  lineal  descendant  of 
the  once  celebrated  and  distinguished  Langdon 
Cheves.  His  father  died  when  he  was  about  seven 
years  old.  Much,  therefore,  devolved  ^upon  the 
mother,  who  nobly  met  all  the  demands  of  a  large 
family,  and  reared  them  to  occupy  useful  positions 
in  society.  Young  Cheves  joined  the  church  when 
about  thirteen  years  of  age,  and  soon  after  was  im- 
pressed with  the  idea  of  preaching.  He  was  two 
years  at  Georgetown  College,  Ky.,  and  two  years 
at  Mercer  University,  Ga.,.  where  he  graduated. 

When  his  school  duties  were  over  he  was  called 
to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Cuthbert. 
Ga.,  which  he  resigned  after  a  year  of  service  to 
go  to  Europe  to  prosecute  hi«  studies.  He  was 
for  a  while  at  the  seminary  at  Greenville,  S.  C. 
AVhile  in  Europe  he  was  at  the  University  of 
Leipsic  nearly  two  years.-  He  now  resides  at 
Nashville,  and  is  the  pro{)rietor  and  one  of  the 
editors  of  the  Baptist  Reflector,  which,  under  the 
present  management,  is  becoming  one  of  the  most 
popular  papers  in  the  Southwest. 

Mr.  Cheves  is  a  young  man  of  culture,  piety, 
and  decided  aljilitj'. 

Cote,  Rev.  C.  H.  0.,  M.D.,  was  born  at  Quebec, 
Canada,  in  the  year  1809,  of  French-Canadian  pa- 
rents. He  was  educated  for  the  medical  profession. 
In  the  Canadian  rebellion  of  1837-3S  he  joined  the 
"  Patriots,"  after  having  previously  distinguished 
himself  as  a  leader  of  the  disaffected  party  in  the 
House  of  Assembly.  For  some  time  he  was  a  resi- 
dent at  Swanton,  in  the  State  of  New  York,  with 
a  price  set  upon  his  head.  Nominally  a  Roman 
Catholic,  he  was  secretly  an  infidel.  He  was  con- 
verted in  Swanton,  under  a  sermon  from  the  words, 
"Believe  on  the  Lord  .losus  Christ  and  thou  shalt  • 
be  saved."  Shortly  afterwards  he  began  to  bear 
public. testimony  to  the  gospel.  He  fixed  his  resi- 
dence at  Chazy,  where  he  opened  his  house  for 
woi'ship,  and  endeavored  to  guide  his  French-Cana- 
dian neighbors  into  the  way  of  truth,  with  encour- 


aging results.  In  October,  1843,  Dr.  Cote  removed 
to  St.  Pie,  one  ,of  the  Grande  Ligne  Mission  sta- 
tions ;  but  his  health  gave  way  shortly'  after,  and 
he  was  compelled  to  seek  a  warmer  climate.  He 
spent  some  months  at  Savannah,  and  returned,  in 
tlie  spring  of  1844,  completely  recovered.  In  the  fall 
of  that  year  he  was  ordained  at  St.  Pie.  He  became 
the  agent  of  the  Grande  Ligne  Mission  in  the 
United  States,  collecting  during  tlie  summer  and 
■returning  to  preach  in  Canada  in  the  winter.  St. 
Marie  was  the  scene  of  these  winter  labors,  whicli 
were  greatly  blessed.  He  died  in  great  peace  while 
attending  the  Lamoille  Association  at  Ilinesburgh.* 
in  1850.  Dr.  Cote's  death  was  a  very  heavy  trial 
to  the  mission. 

Cresswell,  Samuel  J.,  D.L.,  was  bom  in  Eng- 
land in  1802  ;  was  for  many  years  a  member  of 
the  Tabernacle  church  of  Philadelphia.  He  was 
a  man  of  much  mental  activity  and  power,  and 
possessed  the  deepest  interest  in  divine  truth  and 
religious  movements.  He  united  business  pursuits 
with  the  duties  of  the  ministry,  and  did  much  to 
foster  the  beginnings  of  many  local  interests.  lie 
was  .a  lover  of  good 'books  and  good  men  ;  and  was 
especially  identified  with  the  work  of  ministerial 
education.  lie  died  Aug.  29.  1877.  He  received 
the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Madison  University.  His 
large  and  valuable  library  is  now  in  possession  of 
the  university  at  Lewisburg  by  the  gift  of  his 
children. 

Crowell,  William,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Middle- 
field,  Mass.,  Sept.  22,  1806.  He  received  his  liter- 
ary and  theological  education  at  Brown  and  New- 
ton. While  pursuing  liis  studies  at  the  latter  he 
preached  in  several  villages  and  towns  around  Bos- 
ton, especially  at  Quincy,  where  he  gathered  a 
congregation  in  a  large  gambling-room  in  a  house 
formerly  used  as  a  tavern,  and  such  was  the  bless- 
ing attending  his  ministrations  in  this  room  that  a 
church,  was  organized. 

Soon  after  leaving  Newton,  Mr.  Crowell  accepted 
the  editorship  of  the  Christian  Watchman.  This 
position  he  held  for  ten  years,  when  the  Watchman 
and  the  Christian  Reflector  were  united.  During 
this  period  the  paper  prospered,  and  its  reputation 
was  not  surpassed  by  any  denominational  organ  in 
the  country. 

While  in  Boston,  in  1845,  he  preached  twice 
every  Sunday,  and  taught  in  the  Sunday-school. 
After  leaving  Boston  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of 
the  church  in  AVaterville.  Me.,  and  continued  to 
serve  it  for  about  two  years,  when  he  removed  to 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  to  take  editorial  charge  of  The 
]restern  Watchman.  He  held  this  position  for  ten 
years',  making  the  paper  a  power  among  the  grow- 
ing hosts  of  Missouri  Baptists.  A  variety  of  causes 
led  him.  just  as  the  late  war  was  about  to  convulse 
the  nation,  to  retire  from  the  editorial  chair  of  The 


P 
CD 

to 


DA  VANT 


1298 


DAWSOh' 


Western  Watchman,  after  which  he  served  as  pastor 
for  a  short  period  at  Freeport,  III.,  and  at  the  time 
of  his  death  he  was  engaged  in  ministerial  and 
other  labors  in  New  Jersey.  lie  died  in  August, 
1S71.  The  Watchman  and  llejlectnr,  of  Boston,  of 
August  31,  1871,  says  of  him,  "His  nund  was  one 
of  uncommon  discrimination  and  clearness.  We 
mourn  the  loss  of  so  able  and  good  a  man,  and 
that  his   '  sun  should  have  gone  down  while  it  was 


yet  day.'  "  Dr.  CroweTl  was  one  of  the  most  tal- 
ented and  cultured  men  in  the  Baptist  denomina- 
tion, his  piety  was  all-pervading,  and  he  shed  a 
genial  and  blessed  light  over  the  entire  relations 
of  life.  Thousands  mourned  liis  death  as  an  afflic- 
tion to  the  whole  Baptist  Israel.  lie  was  the  au- 
thor of  several  works,  chief  among  which  was 
"  The  Church  Member's  Manual,"  now  used  tis  n 
text-book  in  some  of  our  theological  seminaries. 


D. 


Davant,  R.  J.,  was  bom,  lived,  and  died  in 
Beaufort  District,  S.  C.  He  died  in  1872,  having 
probably  passed  his  sixtieth  year.  A  perfect  globe 
presents  no  salient  points  to  take  hold  of.  Brother 
Davant's  character  was  so  regularly  developed  and 
his  life  so  smooth  as  to  present  a  difficulty  some- 
what similar.  As  a  lawyer,  he  had  no  superior  at 
a  bar  that  ranked  second  to"  that  of  Charleston 
only.  He  was  for  many  years  commissioner  in 
equity,  and  all  his  business,  private  and  profes- 
sional, was  conducted  with  a  regularity  approach- 
ing mathematical  accuracy.  -Yet  no  man  was  ever 
freer  from  the  stiifness  of  routine. 

But  above  all,  he  was  a  Christian.  He  was  long 
a  deacon  of  the  church  where  the  writer  was  pas- 
tor, and  we  have  never  known  one  to  whom  the 
term  pillar  more  properly  applied. 

He  was  president  of  the  Augusta  and  Port  Royal 
Railroad  Company  for  several  years,  and  the  com- 
pletion of  the  road  is  largely  due  to  him. 

Dawson,  John  Edmonds,  D.D.,  was  born  March 
7, 1805,  in  Washington  Co.,  Ga.  He  enjoyed  excel- 
lent educational  advantages  i;it  Madison  and  at 
Mount  Zion  Aca<lemy,  Hancock  Co.  In  Septem- 
l)er,  1827,  he  was  converted,  and  united  with  the 
church  at  Indian  Creek.  Into  all  niatters  of  de- 
nominational interest  he  now  entered  with  great 
zeal  and  earnestness,  and  became  thoroughly  iden- 
tified with  Sherwood,  Mallary,  Campbell,  Ilillyer. 
Crawford,  and  Mell. 

He  was  ordained  Jan.  14,  1835.  His  first  charge 
was  the  Eatonton  church.  From  that  time  until 
the  day  of  his  death,  Nov,  18,  1860,  he  was  a  zeal- 
ous preacher  of  the  gospel,  laboring  mostly  in  the 
middle  and  western  part  of  the  State,  and  rising 
to  the  highest  rank  in  the  ministry. 

Mercer  University,  of  which  he  had  been  a  trus- 
tee for  many  years,  conferred  on  him  the  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Divinity  in  1858. 

His    countenance  was   cast    in   a   noble  mould. 


whose  classic  features  and  swelling  brow  were  in- 
dicative of  a  grand  intellect.  He  possessed  an  un- 
usual degree  of  refinement.     From  his  conversion 


.JOUN     EDMONDS    DAWSON,    D.U. 

he  was  an  ardent  friend  of  the  State  Baptist  Con- 
vention, the  grand  promoter  of  missions,  education, 
temperance,  and  Sunday-schools  among  the  Bap- 
tists of  Georgia.  Extensive  reading,  much  inter- 
course with  able  and  well-stored  minds,  together 
with  an  excellent  memory  and  great  mental  vigor, 
enabled  his  bright  and  rapid  intellect  to  grasp 
much  that  was  advantageous  to  him.  In  any 
circle  where  he  moved  he  was  the  leading  spirit. 

While  discoursing  eloquently  once  at  Milledge- 
ville  upon  the  shortness  of  time  and  the  necessity 


DEITZ 


1299 


DOVBLKDAY 


of  instantly  acceptinj;;  Jusus,  (■xpl•ps^^Iy  in  view  of 
the  uncertainty  of  life,  lie  accidentally  struck  one 
of  the  pulpit  lamps,  hurling  it  to  the  floor,  where 
it  lay  broken  into  a  thousand  fraj;ment8.  "  See,"' 
said  he,  "  that  splendid  lamp,  which  but  a  moment 
ago  stood  at  my  right  hand  tlic  perfection  of  Ix^aiity 
and  utility  !  Now  it  is  l)ut  a  heap  of  broken  glass, 
— a,  ruin!  So  frail  is  i/(mr\ifel  By  what  an  at- 
tenuated thread  is  it  suspended  !  How  small  a 
thing  may  snap  the  brittle  cord  !  Let  this  acci- 
dent imjiress  \ipon  your  minds  the  solemn  truths  I 
have  l>nen  urging  upon  your  attention,  and  warn 
you  to  flee  noiv  to  the  only  safe  refuge.'' 

lie  not  unfrequcntly  rose  to  absolute  sublimity, 
completely  enthralling  and  overpowering  his  hear- 
ers. In  all  the  true  attributes  of  oratory  and  elo- 
quence he  probably  never  liad  an  equal  in  Georgia, 
certainly  not  a  superior. 

Dr.  Dawson  was  distinguished  as  an  educator 
and  as  an  able  writer.  I  lis  remains  were  carried 
to  his  native  vState,  and  buried  at  Columbus,  Ga., 
amid  the  lamentations  of  thousands. 

Dr.  John  L.  Dagg,  long  president  of  Mercer 
University,  says,  "  As  a  preacher,  Dr.  Dawson  was 
one  of  the  alilest  it  lias  been  my  privilege  to  hear." 

Deitz,  Rev.  Charles  M.,  Ridley  Park,  Pa.,  was 
born,  Oct.  7,  IHoO,  in  Philadel()iiia  ;  baptized  into 
the  fellowship  of  the  Fourth  Baptist  church,  Phila- 
delphia, March  S.  1840  ;  licensed  18.54  ;  ordained 
in  March,  1858;  graduated  from  the  Central  High 
School,  Philadelphia,  in  184.').  from  Lewisburg  Uni- 
versity in  1854,  and  from  ilochester  Theological 
Seminary  in  1856;  has  been  a  successful  pastor  in 
New  Jersey,  and  for  a  time  financial  agent  of  the 
South  Jersey  Institute.  He  has  also  been  pastor 
of  the  Coatesville,  Ilolinesburg,  and  Kidley  I'ark 
churches  in  i*ennsylvania  ;  has  been  moderator  of 
Central  Union  Association  and  of  Philadelphia 
Baptist  Ministers'  ('onference.  He  is  a  curator  of 
the  university  at  Lewisburg. 

Lenovan,  Rev.  Joshua,  was  boin  in  Glasgow, 

Scotland,  in  1829,  and  was  "  born  again"'  in  the 
summer  of  1851.  Ilis  education  was  obtained  in 
the  parisii  schools  and  in  tin;  University  of  Glasgow. 
He  was  formally  ordained  to  the  {)astorate  of  a 
Presbyterian  church,  and  during  a  ministry  of 
about  eight  years  was  much  blessed.  In  the  fall 
of  1864,  wiien  the  membership  of  the  church  num- 
bered nearly  800.  he  renounced  Pedobaf)tism  and 
was  immersed  on  a  profession  of  his  faith.  This 
act  resulted  in  the  severance  both  of  natural  and 
ecclesiastical  ties.  His  health,  undermined  by 
years  of  excessive  work,  and  montlis  of  mental 
anxiety,  now  utterly  broke  down.  xVdvised  to  seek 
a  change  of  cliniate,  he  arrived  in  Canada  in  the 
autumn  of  1866.  and  retired  to  the  quiet  and  beau- 
tiful hill  country  of  Missisquoi,  (Quebec.  Nine 
months  of  absolute  rest  eftected  a  gi-eat  improve- 


ment in  his  physical  condition,  and  he  gradually 
found  his  way  back  into  the  active  ministry.  He 
spent  nearly  two  years  in  prcachin";  in  several  needy 
country  places, — St.  Armand.  Smith's  Falls.  Carle- 


REV.   .lOSIIIA     DENOVAN. 


ton  Place,  and  Almonte.  He  was  settled  as  pastor 
(1869-71)  in  the  town  of  Stratford,  Ontario,  and 
(1871-77)  in  Montreal.  In  1877  he  was  engaged 
in  a  special  effort  for  the  evangelization  of  French 
Caiuvdian  Roman  Catholics,  and  in  March,  1878.  he 
entered  upon  his  present  pastorate. — Alexander 
Stn-et,  Toronto.  He  was  secretary  for  five  years 
of  the  Baptist  Home  Mission  Convention  East,  and 
has  been  secretary  of  the  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Convention  of  Ontario  since  1878.  A  devoted  ser- 
vant of  Christ,  a  great  preacher,  and  a  fearless 
advocate  of  truth,  Mr.  Denovan  commands  the  high 
esteem  of  the  Baptist  churches  in  Canada. 

Doubleday,  Hon.  U.  F.,  was  born  in  Lebanon, 
N.  Y.,  Dec.  15,  179li,  and  died  in  Belvidere,  111., 
Nov.  14,  1866.  He  added  to  his  education  in  the 
public  schools  an  exten.sive  knowledge  of  the  higher 
mathematics  and  the  natural  sciences.  In  early 
life  he  settled  in  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  where  for  about 
thirty  years  he  edited  and  ])ublished  the  Cuyuga 
Patriot.  He  was  elected  to  Congress  in  1831,  and 
re-elected  in  1833,  both  of  which  terms  lie  served 
with  marked  ability.  When  the  civil  war  broke 
out  he  took  strong  ground  for  the  Union.  His 
sons.  Maj.-(>en.  Abner  Doubleday,  Col.  Thomas  I). 
Doul)lcday,  and  Brig.-Gen.  U.  Doubleday.  by  their 
devotion  and  success  in  arms,  showeil  the  power 
of  the  father's  teaching  in  respect  to  the  principles 


DRYDEN 


1300 


EDWARDS 


of  patriotism.  lie  was'  baptized  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  B;i])tist  church  of  Scipio,  N.  Y.,  by  Rev.  II.  J. 
Eddy,  D.D.,  in  1841.  He  removed  to  New  York 
Gjty,  and  was  elected  a  deacon  of  the  Sixteenth 
Baptist  church.  lie  also  served  as  deacon  of  the 
church  at  Bloomington,  111.  The  writer  has  a 
manuscript  of  a  work  written  by  him  on  "  The 
Harmony  of  Science  with  the  Bible  Account  of  the 
Six  Days  of  Creation."  It  is  worthy  of  publication, 
and  may  yet  be  jjiven  to  the  world. 

Dryden,  John,  M.F.,  was  born  in  1840,  near 
Brooklin.  province  of  Ontario.  Converted  in  1858, 
he  united  with  the  Wesleyan  Methodist  bod^',  to 
which  other  members  of  his  family  were  attached. 
In  1801  he  was  led  to  see  the  believer's  duty  re- 


gardini;  baptism,  and  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  of  the  township  of  Whitby,  of  which  he  is 
now  the  leading  supporter.  Mr.  Dryden  received 
a  liberal  education,  and  has  attained  a  high  stand- 
ing for  culture  and  intelligence.  In  March.  1879. 
he.  was  unanimously  chosen  by  the  Reform  con- 
vention of  South  Ontario  as  their  candidate  for  the 
representation  of  the  constituency  in  the  Provincial 
Parliament,  and  was  duly  elected  in  the  following 
June.  As  a  citizen,  a  legislator,*  and  a  follower  of 
Christ,  he  is  abundant  in  labors  for  the  public 
good.  Mr.  Dryden  serves  the  denomination  as  a 
director  of  the  Ontario  Baptist  Missionary  Conven- 
tion, and  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the 
Toronto  Theological  Seminary. 


E. 


Eaton,  Prof.  James  E.,  Ph.D.,  son  of  Geo.  W. 
Eaton,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  born  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y., 
Dec.  11,  1834.  On  a  profession  of  faith  in  Christ 
he  was  baptized  into  the  membership  of  the  church 
at  Hamilton,  June  14,  1846  ;  graduated  from  Mad- 
ison University  in  1856,  and  from  Hamilton  Theo- 
logical Seminary  in  1858.  In  1859  he  became 
Adjunct  Professor  of  Mathematic&and  Natural  Sci- 
ence in  Union  University,  Jlurfreesborough,  Tenn. 
From  1859  to  the  spring  of  1861  he  was  Professor 
of  Ancient  Languages  in  Bethel  College,  Russell- 
ville,  Ky. ;  during  the  war  he  held  a  secular  posi- 
tion in  New  York.  From  1866  to  1869,  Prof.  Eaton 
occupied  the  chair  of  Natural  Science  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Louisville,  Ky.  In  the  spring  of  1869 
he  became  Professor  of  Natural  Science  in  AVilliam 
Jewell  College,  Liberty,  Mo.,,  which  position  he 
still  occupies.  In  1876  Mudison  University  con- 
ferred on  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy. 
He  has  an  abiding  impression  that  lie  was  called 
to  teach,  and  has  consecrated  himself  to  the  same 
work  in  which  his  distinguished  fiither  spent  his 
life, — the  education  of  the  Baptist  ministry.  His 
motto  in  the  class-room,  "  What  is  worth  doing  at 
all  is  worth  doing  well,"  is  the  principle  that 
governs  his  own  life. 

Eaton,  Leonard  Hobart,  was  bom  in  Groton, 
Grafton  Co.,  N.  H.,  April  20,  1S17.  At  the  age  of 
eleven  he  nnnoved  to  Newton,  Mass.,  and  at  six- 
teen to  Lowell,  where  he  enjoyed  the  advantages 
of  its  excellent  public  schools.  In  1887  he  was  ap- 
pointed a  teacher  in  the  North  Grammar-School. 
In  the  same  year  he  was  baptized  by  the  Kev. 
Lemuel  Porter,  and  united  with  the  Worthcn  Street 


church.  He  removed  to  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  in  1839. 
and  united  with  the  First  Baptist  church.  He  was 
one  of  the  constituent  members  of  the  Grant  Street 
Baptist  church.  In  1843  he  was  elected  principal 
of  the  Thii'd  AVard  Public  School  in  Alleghany 
City,  and  filled  that  position  seventeen  years.  In 
1847  he  united  with  the  Sandusky  Street  Baptist 
church  ;  and  five  years  later  was  appointed  a  dea- 
con. Both  these  relations  have  been  sustained  to 
the  present  time.  He  served  as  superintendent  of 
the  Sunda3'-school  of  this  church  for  a  period  of 
thirty  years,  extending  from  1848  to  1878.  In 
1860  he  was  elected  principal  of  the  Forbes  Public 
School  of  Pittsburgh,  the  largest  in  that  city.  This 
position  he  still  holds. 

He  was, a  member  of  the  board  of  school  control- 
lers in  Alleghany  City  eight  years;  president  of 
the  Baptist  Social  Union  of  Pittsburgh,  Alleghany, 
and  vicinity  five  years  ;  and  president  of  the  Sun- 
day-School Convention  connected  with  the  Pitts- 
burgh Baptist  Association  thirteen  years.  He  is 
now  (1881)  a  director  of  the  Baptist  Summer  Re- 
sort at  Point  Chautauqua,  N.  Y.  :  president  of  the 
Young  Men's  Bible  Society  of  Pittsburgh:  and 
president  of  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Humane 
Society. 

Edwards,  CoL  B.  W.,  was  born  in  Spartanburg 
Co.,  S.  C,  .Jan.  24.  1824.  His  parents  removed 
to  Georgia  in  his  childhood.  His  healtli.  for  many 
years,  was  so  poor  that  little  hope  of  his  living  to 
manhood  was  entertained.  But  his  constitution 
having  improved,  he  entered  the  South  Carolina 
College  in  1847,  and  graduated  in  1850.  Having 
returned  to  Georgia,  he  taught  school  and  studied 


EDWARDS 


1301 


EMERY 


liiw  for  one  year.  lie  was  tlioii  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1S51,  and  soon  after  went  to  the  same  school 
at  Harvard,  Mass.,  where  he  graduated  in  1853. 

lie  now  returned  to  his  native  State,  locating 
first  at  Sumter  and  afterwards  in  Darlington  County, 
Avhere  lie  now  resides.  lie  was  coniinissioner  in 
e((uity  for  five  years,  beginning  in  ISOl.  In  tlie 
same  year  he  entered  the  Confederate  service,  but 
was  soon  after  discharged  on  account  of  ill  healtli. 

He  has  long  been  a  deacon  of  the  Darlington 
Baptist  church  and  superintendent  of  tlie  Sunday- 
school,  a  member  of  the  l)oard  of  trustees  of 
Furman  University  for  fifteen  years,  and  for  the 
past  two  years  president  of  the  Baptist  State  Con- 
vention, lie  is  very  prompt  and  efficient  as  a  pre- 
siding officer.  In  quiet,  unot)trusive  usefulness  he 
has  no  superior  in  tlie  State. 

Edwards,  Gen.  0.  E.,  a  native  of  Spartanburg 
District,  S.  ('.,  was  bnni  Nov.  19,  1S19.  He  took 
an  academic  course  at  (Jienn  Spring,  finishing  it  in 
1843.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  184.'),  and 
commenced  the  practice  of  hiw  at  Spartanburg 
Court-IIouse.  He  was  repeatedly  sent  to  the 
Legislature  from  his  native  district,  and  was  a 
member  when  the  war  began.  He  was  elected  a 
brigadier-general  of  militia  in  1854.  At  the  be- 
ginning of  the  war  lie  raised  a  regiment  and  en- 
tered the  Confederate  army  in  command  of  the 
13th  S.  C.  Volunteers.  He  was  mortally  wounded 
in  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville,  while  in  command 
of  McCfOwan's  brigade,  and  died  a  few  days  after 
at  Goldsborough,  N.  C,  on  his  way  home.  He  was 
buried  at  Spartanburg.  He  had  long  been  a  deacon 
of  the  Spartanburg  Baptist  church  and  superin- 
tendent of  the  Sabl)atli-schooI. 

In  battle  he  was  l)rave  almost  to  a  fault,  as  the 
writer  knows  personally,  and  his  death  was  prob- 
ably due  to  his  entire  forgetfulness  of  his  own 
safety.  He  left  a  gap  in  the  church  and  the  com- 
munity that  is  scaixely  filled  even  to  the  present 
day. 

Edwards,  Rev.  Solomon,  was  born  in  Barn- 
well Co.,  S.  C.  II(!  was  born  in  slavery,  the  prop- 
erty of  Rev.  Elliott  Estess.  From  his  boyhood 
he  was  honest  and  diligent.  In  early  life  he  was 
a  foreman  on  the  plantation.  His  education  is 
limited,  the  writer  iiaving  taught  him  most  of  what 
he  knows.  But  nature,  or  rather  nature's  God, 
has  endowed  him  with  unusual  common  sense.  He 
has  been  preacliing  for  many  years,  and  we  earn- 
estly hope  may  long  continue  to  preach,  as  no 
man  within  our  knowledge  could  fill  his  place. 
His  people  receive  his  words  almost  as  those  of  an 
oracle,  and  it  is  well  that  they  are  words  of  wis- 
dom and  truth. 

He  is  of  pure  African  extraction,  nearly  sis  feet 
high,  and  strongly  built.  His  countenance  is  very 
pleasing,  and  at  a  glance  shows  his  superiority  to 


most  of  his  race.  Whatever  improvement  is  to  be 
made  in  the  colored  race  must  be  made  chiefly 
through  such  men  as  Brother  Edwards. 

Elford,  Charles  James,  was  bom  in  Charles- 
ton, S.  C,  .May  11,  lS:iii.  Ijcft  an  orphan  in  early 
years,  he  went  to  Ureenvilic,  S.  C,  when  a  mere 
l)oy.  AVhile  employed  as  clerk  in  a  store  he  use(i 
every  spare  moment  for  study,  and,  with  the  bless- 
ing of  God  on  his  earnest,  patient,  and  well-di- 
rected efforts  at  self-improvement,  he  rose  from  one 
position  to  another  till  he  attained  to  eminent  dis- 
tinction at  the  bar.  An  ardent  Christian  and 
leader  in  every  good  work,  he  devoted  himself  es- 
pecially to  the  interests  of  the  Sunday-school.  In 
this  sphere  his  influence  on  tiie  young  and  on 
Sunday-school  workers  throughout  the  State  was 
productive  of  results  for  good  far  beyond  that  ol' 
many  ministers  of  the  gospel.  Khi<l  Words,  a 
Sunday-school  paper,  issued  first  at  (Jnienville, 
S.  C,  now  at  Macon,  Ga.,  owed  its  origin  to  him. 
AVith  his  dying  breath  leaving  to  the  Sunday-school 
over  which  he  had  long  presided  the  message, 
"  Tell  them  to  come  to  heaven  ;  that's  all,"  he  closed 
his  earthly  service  in  Greenville,  May  2.'),  1867, 
honored  as  a  public  benefactor  by  the  whole  coiii- 
miinit}'. 

Emery,  George  Freeman,  was  born  at  Paris, 
Oxford  Co.,  Me.,  Xov.  lU.  1817.  He  fitted  for  col- 
lege under  private  tutors,  and  at  the  Farmington 
Academy,  and  was  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin  Col- 
lege, in  the  class  of  1830.  On  graduating  he  .■<tu- 
died  law  with  his  father,  -Judge  Stephen  Emery, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  Nov.  10,  183S,  and 
formed  a  law  partnership  with  his  father,  which 
continued  about  ten  years.  In  1846  he  removed 
to  Portland.  While  residing  in  Paris  he  was  for 
six  years  register  of  probate  for  Oxford  County. 
After  his  removal  to  Portland  he  was  ap|iointed, 
in  1848,  clerk  of  the  U.  S.  Circuit  by  -Judge 
Woodbury,  and  continued  under  three  of  his  suc- 
cessors. He  resigned  his  office  on  removal  to 
Boston  in  1877,  where  he  became  connected  with 
the  Bonfon  Post,  a  leading  daily  paper,  of  wliicii 
he  was  chosen  editor-in-chief  in  1880,  and  now 
(1881)  holds  this  position.  Mr.  Emery  was  bap- 
tized, with  his  wife,  Sept.  23,  1855,  by  Rev.  0. 
W.  Bosworth,  D.D..  and  united  with  the  Free 
Street  Baptist  church  in  Portland,  Me.  In  all 
matters  ])ertaining  to  the  prosperity  of  that  clinrcli 
he  took  a  deep  interest.  He  was  for  a  considerable 
time  the  superintendent  of  its  Sabbath-school. 
He  took  an  active  part  in  getting  up  an  organiza- 
tion to  provide  for  poor  and  devoted  ministers, 
also  the  corporation  to  manaixe  the  "Greenough 
Fund''  for  building  churches  in  Maine.  For  a  time 
he  was  a  trustee  of  Colby  University,  and  was  a 
prominent  layman  among  the  Baptists  of  his  native 
State.     Mrs.  Emery  was  the  daughter  of  -John  W. 


KMER  Y 


1302 


FELLER 


Appleton,  Esq.,  a  leading  Baptist  of  Maine,  and 
sister  of  lion.  Juhn  Appleton,  M.C.,  and  minister 
plenipotentiary  to  Russia  under  President  Bu- 
dianaii.  The  first  wife  of  Vice-President  Hamlin 
was  a  sister  of  Mr.  Emery,  and  his  second  wife  a 
half-sister. 

Emery,  Hon.  James  S.,  was  born  in  Industry, 
Franklin  Co.,  Jle.,  and  was  graduated  in  1851  at 
Colby  University.  He  was  hiade  pre.sident  of  the 
Vermont  Literary  and  Scientific  Institution  at 
Brandon  in  that  State.  He  commenced  the  study 
of  the  law  in  New  York  City  in  1852,  where  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  February,  1854.  lie 
was  one  of  a  hundred  young  men  who  founded 
Lawrence,  Kan.sas,  in  September  of  the  same  year. 
This  was  the  first  settlement  from  New  England 
made  in  the  new  Territory  just  entered  under  the 


Kansas-Nebraska  bill.  He  took  grounds  for  a  free 
State,  and  was  one  of  a  committee  sent  to  the 
free  States  in  behalf  of  free  Kansas.  lie  was  a 
member  from  Lawrence  of  two  of  the  constitu- 
tional conventiiins  which  Kansas  had  licfore  she 
was  received  into  the  Union.  He  was  twice  chosen 
to  a  seat  in  the  Legislature,  and  in  18t)4  was  ap- 
pointed by  Mr.  Lincoln  U.  S.  district  attorney  for 
his  State,  which  post  he  held  about  three  years, 
lie  was  one  of  the  seven  constituent  members  of 
the  first  Baptist  church  formed  in  the  Territory, 
in  January,  1855,  at  Lawrence.  It  was  through 
his  efforts  mainly  that  the  State  University  of 
Kansas  was  located  at  the  city  of  his  residence. 
Being  a  friend  of  learning,  he  is  often  called  be- 
fore the  public  in  literary,  historical,  and  religious 
addresses.     He  is  a  man  of  talent  and  piety. 


F. 


French,  George  E..     For  article,  see  page  411 


GEORliK     l(.    FRENCH. 


Feller,  Madame  Henrietta,  was  born  April  2, 

1800,  at  Montagny,  a  village  in  the  Cnnton  de 
Vaud,  Switzerland.  In  1803  her  father,  M.  Odin, 
removed  with  his  family  to  Lausanne,  where  Hen- 
rietta enjoyed  superior  educational  advantages.    In 


1822  she  married  M.  Louis  Feller,  of  Lausanne, 
one  of  its  most  respected  citizens.  Within  five 
years  she  was  left  a  widow.  Her  only  child,  a 
daughter,  had  died  a  short  time  before.  Previous 
to  these  sad  bereavements  she  had  become  a  de- 
cided and  active  Christian,  and  after  her  husband's 
death  she  consecrated  herself  still  more  fully  to 
the  service  of  Christ.  In  1835,  Madame  Feller  re- 
ceived a  letter  from  a  dear  friend,  the  wife  of  a 
Swiss  missionary  in  Canada,  describing  the  spirit- 
ual destitution  of  the  French  Canadians,  and  ex- 
horting her  to  give  herself  to  missionary  work. 
This  she  regarded  as  a  call  from  God,  and  on  the 
17th  of  August,  in  the  same  year,  she  left  Lau- 
sanne for  the  scene  of  her  future  toils.  She  was 
accompanied  by  Louis  Roussy,  a  member  of  the 
church  in  Lausanne,  and  of  the  Mission  Institute 
in  the  same  city.  They  reached  Montreal  on  the 
31st  of  October,  and  shortly  after  settled  in  the 
village  of  St.  Johns.  Madame  Feller  spent  her 
first  year  in  Canada  in  earnest  efforts  for  the  en- 
lightenment and  salvation  of  the  French  Catholics 
by  domestic  visitation,  by  the  instruction  of  chil- 
dren, and  by  the  distribution  of  the  Scriptures.  In 
Septembei-,  1836,  she  removed  to  La  Grand  Ligne, 
encouraged  by  the  success  which  had  attended  Mr. 
Roussy"s  ministrations  in  that  place.  She  com- 
menced her  Avork  in  the  garret  of  a  small  log 
house,  where  she  taught  a  sciiool  of  children  by 
day  and  a  class  of  adults  by  night.  In  this  garret 
also  she  resided,  subjecting  herself  to  great  priva- 
tion. She  visited  the  poor  and  the  sick,  carrying 
the  Word   of    life    into  many  a   home,  when  the 


FILLMORH 


1303 


GRASDE 


preacher,  Mr.  lloiissy,  would  have  been  repclleil. 
Thus  was  laid  the  louiidation  of  the  mission  of 
wliich,  for  thirty-two  years,  Madame  Feller  was 
the  leading  sjiirit.  and  whieh,  long  before  she 
died,  had  become  one  of  the  jno.st  useful  institu- 
tions in  Canada.  Slie  died  at  the  Grand  Ligne 
Mission-IIoii.se  on  the  2ytli  of  March,  1S6S.  It 
has  l)een  well  said  that  "  Henrietta  F(dler  was 
raised  up  for  a  great  work.  She  has  left  her  mark, 
by  God's  grace,  on  Lower  Canada. '" 

Fillmore,  Mrs.  Millard,  widow  of  e.\-i>resident 

Fillmore,  was  boni  at  Morristown.  N.  •!.,  Oct.  27, 
1813.  Her  maiden  naim^  was  (^iroline  Carmiehael, 
youngest  daughter  of  (^h  a  rlfsCarmichacl  andTempe 
Wickham  Blachiy.  Shr  was  baptized  by  the  late 
Rev.  Geo.  B.  Ide,  1).  1).,  and  was,  with  her  first  hus- 


band, the  late  Ezekiel  C.  Mcintosh,  Jvsq.,  of  Al- 
bany, a  member  of  the  venerable  Dr.  Welcli'K 
churcii.  She  was  married  to  Mr.  Fillmore  l>y  the 
Rev.  Wm.  Hague,  D.D.  She  was  a  woman  of 
great  refinement  and  culture,  and  had  a  richly- 
stored  mind  resulting  from  extensive  reading. 
Her  mansion  was  exquisitely  furnished,  Ijeing 
adorned  with  a  very  large  collection  of  expensive 
paintings.  She  was  constant  in  her  attendance  at 
her  chosen  ciiurch,  the  Washington  Street  Baptist, 
of  Buffalo,  f)f  which  she  was  a  faithful  member. 
She  was  a  liberal  giver  to  denominational  missioti- 
ary  societies  and  to  every  good  cause.  She  loved 
to  read  the  sermons  of  Spurgeon,  and  enjoyed  direct 
Christian  conversation.  She  died  in  BufTalo.  Aug. 
11.  l.S,Sl. 


■I    ¥  OiSCi  i  '** 


G. 


Gates,  Rev.  Granville,  was  born  in  Maine,  j 
Broome  Co.,  N.  Y.,  April  17,  1829.  At  the  age 
of  eighteen  he  united  with  the  Baptist  Church, 
having  been  converted  in  childhood,  through  the 
instrumentality  of  a  mother  who  did  not  live  to 
knovT  on  earth  the  result  of  her  faithfulness.  For 
three  years  subsequent  to  1850  he  was  a  member 
of  the  board  of  supervisors  of  Broome  County.         1 

In  1853  he  was  licensed  to  preach,  and  was  or-  ; 
dained  at  West  Nanticoke  in  January  of  the  fol- 
lowing year.  Ho  eontinueil  to  labor  in  the  State 
of  New  York,  and  chiefly  among  the  churches  of 
the  Broome  and  Tioga  Association,  for  thirteen 
years,  spending  two  years  at  West  Nanticoke,  six 
years  at  Centre  Lisle,  four  years  at  Mott's  Corners, 
and  one  year  at  Ovid. 

In  the  spring  of  1807  he  accepted  an  appoint- 
ment from  the  Home  ]Mission  Society  to  labor  in 
the  West.  Locating  soon  after  at  Highland,  he 
devoted  ten  years  to  missionary  work  in  Northeast 
Kansas,  gathering  the  churches  of  Hoy's  Creek, 
Hiawatha,  Sabetha,  Valley  Falls,  and  Blue  Rapids. 
In  L878  he  becaiiu!  ]iastor  of  the  Baptist  churcli  of 
Emporia,  which  had  been  in  a  languishing  condi- 
tion for  some  years.  In  June  he  resigned  the  care 
of  this  church  to  accept  an  appointment  as  gen- 
eral missionary  of  Kansas. 

Gee,  Rev.  W.  Sandford,  was  born  near  Bowling 
Green,  Ky.,  JLircli  ir),  1847.  His  jiurents  removed 
to  Illinois  in  1852;  was  brought  up  upon  a  farm  ; 
taught  school  for  seven  years  ;  was  ordained  in 
Illinois ;  graduated  from  the  theological  depart- 
ment of  Shurtleflf  College.  His  first  pastorate,  of 
three  years,  was  at  Mount  Vernon.    At  present  he 


is  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Lincoln, 
Neb.,  where  he  has  labored  for  three  years.  He 
was  elected  chaplain  of  the  house  of  representa- 
tives in  the  session  of  1881. 

Grande  Ligne,  Evangelical  Society  of,  was 

commenced,  at  the  close  of  1835,  by  Madame  Fel- 
ler and  Rev.  Louis  Roussy,  who  had  recently  left 
Switzerland  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  the  gospel 
to  the  benighted  French  Canadians.  Numerous 
Homish  churches,  colleges,  convents,  hospitals, 
and  a.sylums,  with  their  immense  wealth,  were 
both  the  signs  and  instruments  of  undisputed  papal 
sway  over  Lower  Canada.  It  seemed  to  be  abso- 
lutely inaccessible  to  the  gospel,  and,  previous  to  the 
arrival  of  Madame  Feller  and  Mr.  Roussy,  no  sus- 
tained effort  had  been  made  to  enlighten  it.  There 
are  now  several  societies  engaged  in  the  work  of 
French  Canadian  evangelization,  but  the  Baptist 
mission  was  the  pioneer.  Very  little  was  done  for 
a  year  or  two;  Itut  after  the  opening  had  been 
made  many  friends  of  other  denominations  helped 
the  infant  cause.  In  1840  an  institute  was  begun  at 
La  (irande  Ligne,  with  the  primary  view  of  train- 
ing future  laborers, — evangelists,  teachers,  and  |)ns- 
tors.  At  the  same  time  it  furnished  the  best  means 
of  educating  the  grown-up  children  of  isolated  Prot- 
estant converts  living  in  the  midst  of  Roman  Cath- 
olic communities. 

In  1851  a  school  for  girls  was  opened  at  St.  Pie; 
but  in  1855  the  mission  )iremises  were  burned,  and 
the  Feller  histitute,  as  it  was  called,  was  removed 
to  Longueil.  This  has  since  been  removed  to 
Grande  Ligne,  where  all  tiie  educational  work  of 
the  mission   is   now  conducted.     The  new  Feller 


GRA  VES 


1304 


GLNX 


Institute  building  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  $8000, 
and  was  opened  July  1,  J8S0,  free  from  debt. 

"It  is  estimated,"  says  the  Rev.  A.  Therrien, 
"that  over  4000  French  Canadians  have  been  led 
til  embrace  the  gospel  through  the  direct  instru- 
mentality of  this  mission,  15  churches  have  been 
organized,  2000  young  people  educated,  and  22 
young  men  prepared  for  the  ministry,  or  for  evan- 
gelists and  colporteurs."  Several  French  pastors 
and  missionaries  now  laboring  among  their  fellow- 
countrymen  in  the  United  States  were  converted 
and  trained  at  La  Grande  Ligne.  Of  these  are 
Revs.  L.  Auger,  of  Stryker,  0. ;  R.  B.  Desroohes, 
of  Detroit,  Mich.:  F.  X.  Smith,  of  Fall  River, 
Mass. ;  J.  N.  Williams  and  Fj.  Lager,  who  labored 
among  the  scattered  French  Canadians  in  New 
England;  and  A.  Chatrand,  of  Elivon,  Kansas. 
Most  of  the  French  churches  in  the  United  States 
also  owe  their  existence,  indirectly  at  least,  to  the 
Grande  Ligne  Mission.  There  are  seven  churches 
directly  connected  with  the  mission. 

Graves,  Rev.  Henry  L.,  was  born  in  Yfinccy- 

ville,  N.  C,  Feb.  22,  1810;  graduated  from  the 
University  of  North  Carolina  and  Hamilton  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  N.  Y. ;  ordained  in  November, 
1837  ;  was  the  first  president  of  Baylor  University, 
Texas,  from  1846-1851 ;  served  acceptably  as  pastor 
of  the  Independence  church  ;  during  the  war  was 
president  of  the  Female  College,  Fairfield,  Texas, 
and  from  1874-75  was  president  of  Baylor  Female 
College.  He  was  the  first  president  of  the  Texas 
Baptist  State  Convention,  and  ably  filled  the  same 
office  for  sixteen  years.  Morell's  "  Flowers  and 
Fruits,  or  Thirty-Six  Years  in  Texas,*'  says  of  him  : 
"His  qualifications  entitle  him  to  the  position,  in 
the  estimation  of  his  brethren,  of  a  refined  and 
educated  Christian  gentleman.""  lie  has  been 
moderator  of  Union  Association,  and  is  now  presi- 
dent of  the  Baptist  Education  Society  of  Texas, 
and  has  seen  much  service,  and  has  always  been 
regarded  as  a  wise  counselor  in  Baptist  assem- 
blies. 

Grier,  Prof.  William  Thompson,  A.M.,  was 

iiorn  near  Salem,  N.  J.,  May  11,  1850.  Having 
))een  fitted  for  college  at  an  academy  in  his  native 
town,  he  entered  the  Freshman  class  of  the  uni- 
versity at  Lewisburg  in  September,  1867.  In  1871 
he  was  graduated  with  the  highest  honors  of  his 
class,  and  was  immediately  elected  Professor  of 
Ancient  Languages  in  Monongahela  College,  Pa. 
He  remained  there  four  years,  during  a  part  of  the 
time  acting  as  president  of  the  college.  In  this 
position  lie  was  very  successful,  and  his  work  was 
highly  appreciated.  'I'he  presidency  of  the  college 
was  offered  to  him,  but  he  declined  to  accept  it. 
In  1875  ho  was  elected  Professor  of  the  Latin  Lan- 
guage and  Literature  in  the  university  at  Lewis- 
burg, and  his  success  has  more  than  justified  his 


choice.  He  is  deservedly  popular  both  in  the  univer- 
sity and  outside  of  it.  The  standard  of  scholarship 
in  his  department  is  high.  Prof.  Grier  promises  to 
become  one  of  the  scholars  of  the  denomination. 
He  is  a  thorough  teacher,  is  an  excellent  speaker, 
and  everywhere  well  represents  the  university. 

Groff,  Prof.  George  G.,  M.D.,  was  ijom  in 
Chester  Co.,  Pa.,  in  Aiiril.  Is.jl.  He  received  his 
early  education  in  Phoenixville  and  Norristown 
and  in  the  State  Normal  School' at  West  Chester. 
He  subsequently  entered  the  University  of  Michi- 
gan, and  afterwards  graduated  in  medicine  from 
the  Long  Island  College  Hospital.  Brooklyn.  N.  Y., 
in  1877.  He  at  once  became  the  teacher  of  Natural 
Sciences  in  the  State  Normal  School  at  AYest  Ches- 
ter, which  position  he  held  until  1879,  when  he  was 
elected  to  the  chair  of  Natural  Sciences  in  the  uni- 
versity at  Lewisburg.  This  position  he  fills  with 
marked  ability,  and  with  much  acceptance  to  all 
who  know  his  daily  life. 

Grow,  Rev.  T.  D.,  was  born  at  Ilartland,  Vt., 
Jan.  24,  1824.  His  grandfather  was  a  pioneer 
Baptist  minister  in  Vermont.  His  br6ther,  Rev. 
James  Grow,  of  Connecticut,  was  one  of  the  first 
to  assist*  in  the  foreign  work,  sending  Dr.  Judson 
S.50,  out  of  S200  salary,  before  the  mission  was 
thoi'oughly  organized.  His  cousin  was  a  mission- 
ary to  Siam,  and  died  there.  His  widow  is  now 
the  wife  of  Dr.  Dean.  He  was  educated  at  New 
Hampton,  N.  II.,  and  ordained  May  1,  1850,  in 
Kane  Co.,  111.  Most  of  his  ministerial  work  has 
been  in  Wisconsin.  Missouri,  and  Kansas.  Quite 
a  number  of  churches  have  been  formed  under  his 
labors. 

Gunn,  Rev.  David  Brainard,  was  born  in  Mon- 
tague, Mass.,  May  8,  1S23  ;  had  very  early  impres- 
sions respecting  his  need  of  Christ  as  his  Saviour  ; 
also  that  he  should  become. a  minister  of  the  gos- 
pel. When  about  ten  years  of  age  he  was  convicted 
of  sin,  but  he  did  not  at  that  time  indulge  a  hope 
in  Jesus.  In  January-,  1838,  he  was  specially 
moved  by  the  Holy  Spirit  and  led  into  light,  and 
he  enlisted  as  Christ"s  soldier.  Upon  the  follow- 
ing Thanksgiving-day  he  was  baptized  with  three 
brothers  and  a  sister.  In  1854,  being  greatly 
strengtiiened  by  the  Holy  Spirit,  he  began  in  earn- 
est the  work  of  soul-winning.  He  was  licensed 
by  the  Shelhurne  Falls,  Mass.,  Baptist  church,  of 
which  he  was  a  member.  Wishing  to  devote  him- 
self wholly.ito  the  ministry,  he  sold  out  his  business 
and  home,  and  removing  to  the  West,  settled  in 
Warsaw,  111,,  organized  a  church,  and  was  ordained 
<as  its  pastor  in  August,  1857.  There  he  toiled 
nearly  four  years,  and  added  to  it  about  150  mem- 
bers. Afterwards  he  held  brief  pastorates  in  Car- 
thage, 111.,  and  Hannibal,  Mo.  Early  in  1865  he 
settled  in  Sandwich,  111.,  where  in  the  fourth  year 
of  a  very  pleasant  pastorate  his  health  completely 


GUXX 


1305 


liriDUETH 


failed  for  two  years.  Then  slowly  returnin<; 
strength  enabled  him  to  engage  as  a  supply,  which 
after  a  year  or  two  led  him  into  evangelistic  and 
missionary  labors,  whicii  have  been  continued, 
mostly  in  tiie  States  of  Illinois  and  Kansas,  until 
the  present  time.  (Jod  has  signally  blessed  Mr.  \ 
Gunn's  ministry.  t 

Gunn,  Rev.  Elihu,  was  l)orn  in  Montague, 
Mass.,  Jan.  3,  ISIS.  His  ancestors  were  of  the  j 
Puritan  stock,  and  had  been  stanch  Baptists  on 
both  sides  for  several  generations,  being  the  ear-  ' 
liest  settlers  in  that  part  of  the  State,  and  among 
those  who  suffered  persecution  from  the  "standing 
order"  for  conscience'  sake.  He  publicly  confessed 
Christ  in  his  twenty-first  year.  His  earliest  desire 
was  to  secure  an  education  and  become  a  mitiister 


of  Christ.  He  entered  the  Freslnnan  class  in  .Madi- 
son University  in  IS44,  and  he  graduated  from  the 
theological  seminary  in  1849.  He  was  soon  after 
ordained  at  Nortli  Sunderland,  Mass.,  and  went 
as  a  missionary  to  the  new  State  of  Iowa.  Settled 
first  at  Keokuk,  then  a  frontier  town  of  l.'')(K) 
people.  He  was  then  president  of  the  Central 
University,  of  Iowa,  five  years.  Afterwards  he.  wms 
pastor  at  Mount  Pleasant  nearly  nine  years.  He 
then  came  to  Kansas,  and  was  pastor  at  Atchison 
three  years,  district  secjretary  of  the  American 
Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  for  Kansas  and  Mis- 
souri three  and  a  half  years,  and  since  May,  1S77, 
he  has  been  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Fort 
Scott,  Kansas.  Mr.  Gunn  has  baptized  447  per- 
sons, includinir  all  of  his  five  children. 


H. 


Hardwicke,  Rev.  J.  F.,  was  J)orn  in  Virginia  in 
1S37  ;  united  with  the  church  when  a  boy;  com- 
menced preaching  when  liut  eighteen.  After  pur- 
suing his  studies  with  his  brother,  Ilev.  J.  B. 
Hardwicke,  he  entered  a  classical  school.  In  1869 
he  matriculated  at  the  Southern  Baptist  Theologi- 
cal Seminary,  at  Greenville,  vS.  C.  When  the  war 
compelled  its  school  to  sus[)end  he  retired  to  Vir- 
ginia, and  entered  upon  the  pastorate.  He  served 
the  church  at  Milton,  N.  C,  and  also  that  at  Eplie- 
sus.  He  then  removed  to  Western  Virginia,  and 
succeeded  in  establishing  a  church  at  Huntington. 
.Mr.  Hardwicke  is  now  pastor  at  Bowling  Green, 
Ky.  A  man  of  genial  disposition,  blessed  with  a 
mind  of  decided  vigor,  and  a  close  student  of  the 
Scriptures,  he  ranks  with  the  best  preachers  of  his 
State. 

Harris,  Rev.  Elmore,  was  born  in  1854,  near 
the  city  of  Brantford,  Ontario,  Canada.  His  father 
was  a  manufacturer,  and  intended  his  son  for 
the  same  calling  ;  but  God  had  otherwise  designed. 
He  was  brought  to  Christ  in  April.  1870,  and  in 
the  following  year,  when  but  a  lad  of  seventeen,  he 
preached  his  first  sermon.  For  nearly  two  years 
he  studied  in  the  high  school  in  Beamsville,  and 
the  Collegiate  Institute  of  the  city  of  .St.  Cath- 
arines. He  afterwards  attended  the  University 
of  Toronto,  taking  two  scholarships  in  classics  and 
the  first  prizes  in  Oriental  languages.  lie  grad- 
uated in  1S77.  receiving  the  degree  of  B.A.  In 
1876,  a  year  before  he  finished  his  university  cour.se, 
he  became  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
St.  Thomas,  where  he  still  labors  with  great  ac- 
ceptance. During  his  five  years"  ministry  the  First 
83 


and  Zion  churches,  unfortunately  severed,  have 
been  united,  and  a  handsonu!  structure  erected  in 
the  centre  of  the  city,  costing  $17,000.  The  mem- 
l)i'rship  has  mor(>  than  doubled.  Mr.  Harris  is  one 
of  the  rising  men  in  the  Baptist  ministry  of  the 
New  Dominion. 

Harris,  John,  of  Brantford,  Ontario,  Canada, 
was  born  in  1841,  in  the  township  of  Townsend,  in 
the  same  province.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he 
entered  into  partnership  with  his  father,  Mr.  Alan- 
son  Harris.  He  is  a  man  of  consideraltle  means 
and  of  distinguished  liberality.  He  is  at  present 
the  teacher  of  a  large  Bible-ci.ass,  numbering,  at 
times,  1.50  persons,  in  the  First  church,  at  Brant- 
ford. There  are  continual  accessions  to  the  church 
from  this  class.  H(!  has  also  an  excellent  gift  in 
presenting  the  gospel  to  the  unsaved,  and  has  been 
greatly  blessed  in  this  work  in  the  neighborhood 
of  his  own  city  and  at  other  points.  An  earnest 
Bible  student,  a  diligent  worker,  a  generous  con- 
triliutor  to  all  benevolent  and  denominational  ob- 
jects, and  a  true  friend,  he  has  fairly  won  the 
high  position  he  holds  among  the  Baptist  laymen 
of  Canada. 

Hildreth,  William,  D.D.,  was  bom  at  Soutli 

Bend,  Ind.,  -Jan.  ".24,  1S38.  In  18.53  the  family  re- 
moved to  Sandyvilie,  Iowa,  where  Mr.  Hildreth  was 
baptized  in  1859;  licensed  to  preach  in  1860.  In 
1S61  he  was  called  to  the  church  at  Lovilia.  and  the 
following  year  was  ordained.  He  entered  Central 
Universit}',  preaching  once  on  the  Sabbath  for  the 
First  church  of  Pella  while  he  remained  in  the 
school. 

He  removed  to  ChiUicothe,  Mo.,  and  served  the 


HOARD 


1306 


HUNG  ATE 


«hurch  there  one  year,  and  accepted  an  appoint- 
ment from  the  American  Baptist  Publication  So- 
ciety as  general  Sunday-school  missionary,  in 
■which  connection  he  remained  over  three  years. 
After  a  brief  pastorate  at  Pleasant  Hill,  Mo.,  he 
became  general  missionary  of  the  American  Bap- 
tist Home  Mission  Society,  in  which  work  .  he 
continued  three  years,  and  during  which  he  bap- 
tized 484  persons. 

In  1872  he  removed  to  California,  remaining 
four  years,  preaching  for  the  Tabernaqle  church, 
San  Francisco,  and  the  church  at  San  Jos6.  He 
returned  East  in  1876,  and  settled  with  the  church 
at  New  Albany,  Ind.,  where  he  remained  four 
years,  until  called  to  the  Union  Baptist  church  of 
Pittsburgh,  his  present  field  of  labor. 

Mr.  Hildreth  has  built  ten  houses  of  worship, 
raising  for  this  purpose  $107,000.  He  received 
into  the  churches  with  which  he  has  labored  2017 
persons,  of  whom  he  has  baptized  1530.  In  1879 
Judson  University  conferred  upon  him  the  degree 
of  D.D. 

Hoard,  Hon.  Samuel,  since  183G  has  resided 
at  Chicago,  one  of  its  earliest  and,  during  the 
nearly  half  a  century  of  his  residence  there,  one 
of  its  most  useful  and  honored  citizens.  lie  was 
born  at  Westminster,  Mass.,  May  20,  1800,  of 
English  parentage,  some  of  his  ancestry  having 
been  persons  of  rank  and  fortune.  Receiving  an 
academical  education,  he  pursued  to  some  extent 
the  study  of  law,  but  later  embarked  in  journalism, 
being  connected,  in  1828,  with  the  liejncblican,  of 
Franklin,  N.  Y.,  in  association  with  Mr.  James 
Long,  who,  like  himself,  had  married  a  daughter 
of  John  Conant,  Esq.,  of  Bi«andon,  Vt.  In  1833 
we  find  him  associated  with  Silas  Wright,  after- 
wards, so  prominent  in  State  and  national  politics, 
in  the  editorial  management  of  the  St.  Lawrence 
liepvblican.  Removing  to  Chicago  in  1836,  he  was 
speedily  called  to  various  posts  of  honorable  ser- 
vice, among  them  that  of  State  senator  and  clerk 
of  the  Circuit  Court.  In  1845  he  engaged  in  mer- 
cantile business,  and  continued  in  it  for  many 
years  as  one  of  the  successful  merchants  of  the 
young  and  growing  city.  Mr.  Lincoln  appointed 
him  postmaster  of  the  city  in  1865.  He  has  also 
served  for  a  considerable  period  as  president  of  the 
Board  of  Education.  Among  the  earliest  and  most 
eflicient  members  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  lie 
was  one  of  those  who,  in  1864,  united  in  consti- 
tuting the  present  Second  church,  and  in  both 
these  organizations  he  has  been  active  and  efficient 
to  a  a-ema>-kable  degree,  for  fifteen  years  conducting 


with  peculiar  tact  and  success  a  hirge  infant-class 
in  the  First  chuxch,  and  for  ten  years  a  young 
men's  Bible-class  in  the  Second.  During  eleven 
years  past  he  has  served  in  the  last-named  church 
as  its  senior  deacon.  Mr.  Hoard  was  one  of  the 
original  corporators  of  the  University  of  Chicago, 
and,  until  advancing  age  made  it  seem  to  himself 
desirable  that  he  should  retire,  remained  one  of  the 
most  valued  members  of  the  board  of  trustees. 

Homan,  Rev.  N.  B.,  was  born  in  Spencer  Co., 
Ky.,  on  Sept.  7,  1822.  His  father  removed  to  Put- 
nam Co.,  Ind.,  -when  he  was  about  five  years  old. 
At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  became  deeply  concerned 
in  regard  to  his  salvation.  He  removed  to  Jones 
Co.,  Iowa,  in  1847.  He  was  "  born  again"  in  that 
place,  arid  baptized  in  the  spring  of  1848.  In  that 
year  he  and  nine  others  formed  the  Baptist  church 
of  Fairview,  Jones  Co.  In  the  year  1855  he  was 
called  to  the  work  of  the  gospel  ministry.  On  the 
26th  of  April,  1856,  he  was  ordained,  and  he  served 
the  Fairview  Baptist  church  as  pastor  over  fifteen 
years,  the  Anamosa  church  four  year§.  On  Jan.  1, 
1873,  he  entered  upon  the  pastorate  of  the  church 
at  Vinton,  Benton  Co.  In  October,  1875,  he  went 
to  Kirwin,  Phillips  Co.,  where  he  has  remained  up 
to  the  present  time,  laboring  as  pastor  of  the  Bap- 
tist churches  of  Kirwin  and  Phillipsburg. 

Hungate,  Rev.  James  De  P.,  was  bom  in 

Washington  Co.,  Ind..  July  28,  1831.  He  was  re- 
ceived into  the  Mill  Creek  Baptist  church  at  four- 
teen. When  eighteen  he  was  impressed  that  it 
was  his  duty  to  preach.  He  graduated  from 
Franklin  College  in  1854,  and  was  ordained  in 
1856,  and  became  pastor  of  the  church  at  Salem, 
Marion  Co.,  111.,  in  1858,  where  he  built  a  meet- 
ing-house and  the  membership  of  the  church  in- 
creased from  six  to  seventy-six  members.  In  I860 
he  was  appointed  a  missionary  by  the  American 
Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  to  Nebraska.  In 
May,  1864,  he  started  across  the  plains  with  his 
wife  and  children  in  a  wagon,  and.  after  a  weari- 
some journey  of  102  days,  he  arrived  safe  in  the 
Willamette  Valley,  Oregon.  He  was  for  three 
3'cars  pastor  at  Salem,  the  State  capital,  when  thei 
church  increased  from  thirty-six  to  ninety-eight 
members.  He  taught  a  Bible-class  of  thirty  young 
people,  most  of  whom  he  baptized.  In  December, 
1868,  he  removed  to  California,  where  he  labored 
as  a  supply  at  Petaluma  and  other  places.  In  the 
autumn  'of  1872  he  returned  to  Nebraska,  and  in 
1879  he  became  pastor  at  El  Dorado,  Kansas,  where 
his  labors  iiave  been  blessed  in  erecting  a  meeting- 
house and  in  building  up  the  church. 


JAMES 


1307 


LEHMAN 


J. 


James,  Rev.  John  Sexton,  son  of  Prof.  C.  S. 

James,  was  born  in  IMiiladelphia,  Pa.,  July  20, 
1848.  lie  was  baptized  in  February,  1864.  He 
was  graduated  with  honor  from  the  university  at 
Lewisburi;;  in  1868,  and  from  Crozer  Theological 
Seminary  in  1871.  lie  then  spent  a  year  in  prose- 
cuting his  studies  at  the  Universities  of  Erlangen 
and  Leipsic,  Germany.  On  his  return,  he  accepted 
ji  call  to  Allentown,  Pa.,  and  was  ordained  in  Oc- 
tober, 1872.  He  still  serves  this  important  church. 
Mr.  James  edited  a  revision  of  Kurtz's  "Church 
History,"  witii  additions  from  the  seventh  German 
edition.  The  work  is  largely  used  as  a  text-book 
in  American  theological  seminaries.  He  was  pres- 
ident of  tiie  Pennsylvania  Baptist  Ministerial 
Union  in  1879,  and  of  the  Alumni  Association  of 
the  University  at  Lewisburg  in  1880.  He  was 
moderator  of  the  Reading  Association  in  1879  and 
1880.  Mr.  James  is  a  successful  pastor  and  a  clear 
and  impressive  preacher. 

Jones,  Prof.  J.  K,  A.M.,  was  bom  in  Lynch- 
burg, Va.  •,  baptized  in  the  spring  of  1868,  and  en- 


tered the  Itichmoiid  Institute,  Richmond,  Va.,  in 
October  of  the  same  year  for  the  purpose  of  pre- 
paring for  the  gospel  ministry.  Having  completed 
the  course  there  in  1871,  and  having  finished  his 
preparatory  training  in  the  grammar-school  of 
.Madison  University,  X.  Y.,  he  entered  Madison 
University  in  1872,  and,  after,  a  successful  course 
of  study,  was  graduated  in  1876.  In  the  same 
year  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society 
appointed  him  an  instructor  in  the  Richmond  In- 
stitute, and  intrusted  him  with  the  branches  of 
language  and  philosophy.  In  1877  he  was  or- 
dained to  the  ministry.  In  1879  his  alma  mater 
conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 
Prof.  Jones  is  an  efficient  teacher,  a  popular  and 
instructive  preacher,  and  a  forcible  writer.  In  1878 
he  held  a  newspaper  controversy  with  the  Roman 
Catholic  Bishop  Keane,  of  Richmond,  in  which  the 
bishop,  ill  the  estimation  of  many  most  competent 
to  judge,  was  worsted.  Prof.  .Jones  is  regarded  as 
one  of  the  most  promising  of  the  young  colored 
men  of  the  South. 


L. 


Lehman,  Rev.  G.  W.,  the  ageil  and  highly  re- 
vered pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Berlin,  Ger- 
many, and  one  of  the  most  prominent  Baptist 
ministers  in  that  land,  was  born  in  the  city  of 
Hamburg,  Oct.  23,  1799.  In  his  youth  he  was 
an  engraver  in  Berlin,  being  at  the  same  time 
actively  engaged  in  religious  labor  and  in  circu- 
lating the  Bible,  which  he  had  early  learned  to 
love  and  cherish.  In  1830  he  first  met  with  Mr. 
Oncken  and  felt  liftiiself  specially  drawn  to  him. 
After  Mr.  Oncken's  baptism  Mr.  Lehman  was  led 
(irayerfully  to  consider  this  question,  but  it  was 
not  until  the  year  1837  that  he  became  fully  settled 
in  his  convictions  concerning  believer's  baptism. 
He  was  baptized  near  Berlin  by  Mr.  Oncken,  with 
sis  others.  May  13,  1837,  and  on  the  following  day 
the  little  flock  of  baptized  believers  was  organized 
as  the  Baptist  church  of  Berlin.  Mr.  Lehman  was 
soon  appointed  by  the  church  as  their  pastor,  and 
faithfully  preached  to  the  people  while  still  pursu- 
ing his  daily  avocations.     He  was  forced  to  pursue 


his  work  of  love  under  great  difficulties  and  dis- 
couragements. In  1838,  Mr.  Lehman  entered  the 
service  of  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union, 
devoting  one-half  of  his  time  to  this  work  as  its 
missionary.  In  1840,  Mr.  Lehman  went  to  Eng- 
land to  receive  ordination  ;  he  was  ordained  June 
29,  1840,  in  Salter's  Hall  chapel,  Cannon  Street, 
London,  Rev.  J.  II.  Hinton  offering  the  ordaining 
prayer.  Since  that  time  the  work  in  Berlin  has 
been  prospering  under  his  faithful  labors,  and  it 
has  extended  into  the  surrounding  regions  far  and 
wide. 

Mr.  Lehman  is  gifted  with  peculiar  talents;  he 
occupies  a  very  influential  position  among  the 
Baptists  in  Germany.  The  cause  in  that  country 
is  indebted  to  \\\m  to  a  degree  which  it  will  not 
be  easy  to  overestimate.  Although  partially  dis- 
abled by  the  weakness  of  age,  Mr.  Lehman  still 
retains  the  pastorate  of  tlie  church  to  which  he  has 
devoted  his  youthful  energies  and  the  strength  of 
!  his  manhood. 


MABIE 


130S 


MARSH 


M. 


Mabie,  Rev.  H.  C,  was  born  in  Belvidere. 
Boone  Co.,  111.,  June  20,  1847.  He  is  a  desoendiuit 
of  several  generations  of  Baptists.  His  great-grand- 
father, Rev.  Daniel  Mabie,  was  one  of  the  pioneer 


REV.   II.  C.   MABIE. 

ministers  of  Central  New  York.  His  parents  re- 
moved to  Belvidere  in  1845.  His  early  life  was 
under  the  Christian  influence  of  a  pious  home  and  of 
the  revered  Dr.  Roe,  pastor  of  the  Belvidere  church. 

At  twelve  he  was  converted  and  baptized.  At 
sixteen,  while  in  college,  his  heart  was  greatly  re- 
freshed by  divine  grace,  and  from  tlii's  period,  while 
still  studying,  his  labors  were  rewarded  with  con- 
versions among  students,  in  military  camps  and 
hospitals,  and  in  neighboring  churches. 

He  graduated  from  the  University  of  Chicago  in 
1868,  and  from  the  seminary  in  1875.  He  was  or- 
dained in  Rockford,  HI,,  in  October,  1869,  when  he 
spent  four  prosperous  years  as  the  pastor  of  the 
State  Street  church.  In  1873  he  resigned  his  charge 
to  complete  his  theological  studies,  and  in  the  mean 
time  he  organized  the  church  at  Oak  Park,  and 
served  it  as  pastor  for  two  years.  In  1875  he  be- 
came pastor  at  Brookline,  Mass,,  and  labored  there 
for  three  and  a  half  years  with  much  success ; 
during  this  pastorate  he  was  a  member  for  two 


years  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Missionary 
Union.  At  the  commencement  of  Brown  University 
in  1878  he  preached  the  annual  sermon  before  the 
Society  of  Missionary  Inquiry.  Early  in  1879  he 
accepted  a  unanimous  call  to  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  where  the  blessing  of 
God  has  rested  upon  his  labors  abundantly  ;  debts 
have  been  paid,  union  binds  the  large  membership 
together,  liberality  distinguishes  their  gifts,  and 
conversions  are  frequent.  Mr.  Mabie  is  a  man  of 
ability  and  culture,  of  wisdom  and  grace,  and  be- 
fore him,  if  the  Lord  spares  his  life,  there  are  bril- 
liant prospects  of  usefulness,  while  around  him 
there  are  throngs  of  loving  friends. 

Marsh,  Rev.  W.  H.  H.,  was  born  in  Chester 
Co.,  Pa.,  -July  14,  1836.  He  receivc'd  a  liberal 
education,  which  he  has  continually  extended  until 
he  has  become  one  of  the  best-informed  men  in  the 
denomination.  He  was  ordained  when  twenty-one 
years  of  age.  After  supplying  the  Bethesda  and 
Caernarvon  churches  in  Chester  Co.,  Pa.,  he  took 
charge  of  the  Lower  Providence  church,  Mont- 
gomery Co..  and  remained  there  four  years:  then 
settled  with  the  Blockley'chui-ch,  West  Philadel- 
phia, where  he  exercised  his  ministry  until,  in 
1865,  he  accepted  a  pressing  call  to  the  Second 
church  of  Wilmington,  Del,  During  his  six  years' 
pastorate  at  Wilmington  an  oppressive  debt  was 
paid,  the  church  edifice  was  greatly  improved,  an 
organ  purchased,  and  a  lot  for  a  mission  secured, 
upon  which  the  Bethany  church  now  stands,  '^\r. 
Marsh  removed  from  Wilmington  to  take  the  over- 
sight of  the  Central  church  of  Salem,  Mass,,  where 
he  labored  for  eigiit  years.  In  December,  1880,  he 
settled  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  as  pastor  of  tlie 
young  and  vigorous  Remsen  Avenue  church.  In 
his  pastorates  Mr.  Marsh  has  always  been  suc- 
cessful. 

He  is  a  diligent  student,  an  extensive  reader, 
and  a  large-hearted  brother.*  His  intellectual 
powers  arc  of  a  high  order,  and  his  sermons  are 
distinguished  by  deep  thought  and  gospel  truth. 

He  has*written  extensively  for  the  Baptist  Quar- 
tcrhj,  the  Bibliotheca  Sacra,  a.n^  the  denominational 
papers.  The  Publication  Society  has  issued  his 
"  Modern  Sunday-School."  He  has  also  the  man- 
uscript of  a  work  upon  which  he  has  been  long 
engaged,  and  which  he  expects  to  publish  soon, 

Mr.  Marsh  is  regarded  with  affection  wherever 
he  is  known,  and  his  labors  have  been  a  blessing 
to  the  churches  and  the  world. 


STAiai/TOX 


1309 


TVLKR 


S. 

Staughton,  William,  D.D.    For  article,  see  page  1097. 


WIL[.1AM    STAU(;inuN.    D.D. 


T. 


Tyler,  James  E.,  wlio  for  nesirly  twenty  years 
has  l)een  actively  iiientifieJ  with  Baptist  interests 
in  Chicago,  was  born  at  Hillsdale.  Colunihia  Co., 
N.  Y.,  March  II,  1811.  Durinj,'  his  infancy  the 
family  removed  to  West  Stockhridi:;(',  Mass.  When 
he  was  sixteen  he  Ijecame  clerk  in  the  villajre  store, 
and  the  proprietor  reinovinj;  soon  after  to  Canaan, 
N.  Y.,  he  was  persuaded  to  accompany  him.  In 
1829  he  became  a  resident  of  Cincinnati,  0.,  con- 
nectini^  himself  there  with  an  insurance  oflice.  A 
branch  being  established  in  Louisville,  Mr.  Tyler 
took  cliarge  of  it.  and  that  city,  in  1834.  became 
his  home.  Business  prospered,  and  he  was  in  due 
time  ranked  with  the  wealthy  and  influential  citi- 
zens of  the  place.  Mr.  Tyler  undertook,  in  1859, 
a  tour  of  the  East,  visiting  Egypt  and  the  Holy 


Land  ;  some  letters  home,  descriptive  of  his  jour- 
ney, finding  publication  in  the  LouinriUe  Journal, 
then  edited  by  George  I).  Prentice.  At  the  out- 
break of  the  war  he  removed  North.  In  18G2  he 
established  himself  in  Chicago,  and  soon  took  a 
j)lace  beside  tlic  successful  busines.s  men  of  that 
city. 

Mr.  Tyler  early  interested  himself  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago,  serving  as  one  of  its  trustee.s. 
In  the  establishment  of  the  Theological  Seminary 
he  actively  shared,  serving  iilso  upon  the  board  of 
this  institution.  As  a  member  of  the  First  Bafi- 
tist  church,  he  lifts  contributed  generously  to  the 
various  building  and  mission  enterprises  of  that 
bndy.     Ilis  gifts  to  the  seminary  have  also  been 


VINTON 


1310 


WALDROP 


Y, 


Viaton,  Justus  H.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Willing- 
ton,  Conn.,  Feb.  17,  1806.  When  ten  years  of  age 
he  was  converted,  and  soon  after  united  with  the 
Baptist  church  of  Ashford.  At  sixteen  he  felt  the 
call  of  God  to  preach  the  gospel.  In  1826  he  en- 
tered Hamilton  Institution  to  study  for  the  minis- 
try. In  1830,  one  year  after  a  day  of  fasting  and 
prayer,  to  learn  his  duty  in  reference  to  going  West 
as  a  missionary,  when  he  was  strongly  impressed 
that  he  should  go  to  Burmah,  he  finally  decided  to 
spend  his  life  in  that  heathen  country.  AVhile  at- 
tending to  college  duties,  and  during  vacations,  he 
preached  wherever  he  had  an  opportunity,  and  he 
had  some  great  revivals  at  this  early  period.* 

In  July,  1834,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Vinton  sailed  for 
Burmah  in  the  "Cashmere,"  and  landed  in  Maul- 
main  in  December  of  that  year.  During  their 
passage,  in  answer  to  fervent  prayers  and  fiiithful 
preaching,  a  number  of  the  officers  and  men  of  the 
vessel  were  converted.  Having  learned  the  lan- 
guage of  the  Karens  from  a  native  at  Hamilton, 
N.  Y.,  the  missionary  and, his  wife  left  for  the 
jungle  a  week  after  they  landed,  and  commenced 
to  preach  among  a  people  to  whom  the  Saviour  had 
never  been  presented,  and  they  continued  for  three 
months,  going  from  village  to  village,  telling  the 
story  of  the  Cross  to  hungry  multitudes,  and  con- 
verts rewarded  these  toils  wherever  they  went. 
For  many  years  Dr.  Vinton  was  engaged  in  this 
blessed  work,  and  he  was  one  of  the  most  success- 
ful missionaries  that  ever  led  souls  to  Jesus. 
Throngs  were  born  again,  many  churches  were  es- 
tablished, preacliers  and  teachers  were  sent  out, 
and  a  mighty  work  was  performed  for  God  and  for 
the  races  dwelling  in  Burmah. 

In  Rangoon  his  labors  for  the  pev)ple  at  the  ter- 
mination of  the  last  war  with  England  were  as- 
tonishing; he  and  his  wife  cared  for  a  multitude 


of  the  sick,  they  bought  rice  on  credit  and  distrib- 
uted it  among  the  famine-stricken,  they  cared  for 
orphans  and  widows,  and  they  told  the  story  of  the 
Cross  ;  in  any  community  a  preacher  of  such  a 
spirit  would  be  heard  with  special  interest,  and 
we  are  not  surprised  that  in  twenty  months  he 
baptized  441  converts. 

He  was  beloved  and  almost  worshiped  through- 
out the  Karen  jungles,  and  the  English  ofiicials, 
recognizing  his  extraordinary  worth,  sent  him 
money  to  sustain  his  schools  and  gifts  to  aid  him 
in  his  work,  and  cherished  him  and  his  wife  in 
their  hearts. 

Dr.  Vinton  was  mighty  in  prayer,  firm  in  will 
to  do  what  was  right,  untiring  in  effdrt,  generous 
to  a  fault,  and  wholly  consecrated  to  God.  In 
Connecticut,  where  he  was  peculiarly  well  known, 
when  a  difference  existed  between  him  and  the 
Missionary  Union,  the  denomination  sympathized 
with  the  great  missionary  ;  they  knew  his  unsur- 
passed worth,  and  no  society  could  keep  them  from 
contributing  liberally  to  sustain  this  prince  of 
missionary  preachers.  He-died  in  Burmah,  March 
31,  1858. 

His  noble  wife,  born  in  Union,  Conn.,  April  19, 
1807,  and  converted  at  eighteen,  had  the  same  mis- 
sionary spirit  that  made  her  husband  ready  to  sac- 
rifice everything  for  the  salvation  of  idolaters. 
She  told  the  women  and  children  of  Burmah  about 
the  Saviour,  and  labored. in  this  way  for  Christ 
with  glorious  results,  and  after  Dr.  Vinton's  death 
the  converts  and  churches  hearkened  to  her  counsels 
with  a  reverence  almost  unparalleled.  She  died  in 
Burmah,  Dec.  IS,  1804.  Iler  daughter,  Mrs.  R.  M. 
Luther,  is  doing  eflfective  service  for  foreign  mis- 
sions in  Pennsylvania,  while  Justus  B.  Vinton,  D.D., 
her  son,  is  a  worthy  successor  of  his  honored  father 
in  extending  the  Redeemer's  kingdom  in  Burmah. 


W. 


Waldrop,  Rev.  A.  J.,  was  born  Fel).  7,  1815,  in 
Christian  Co.,  Ky.  Came  with  his  parents  to  Jef- 
ferson Co.,  Ala.,  in  1818,  and  has  continued  there 
to  this  date ;  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Ilosea  Hol- 
combe  in  1832 ;  was  ordained  in  1842.  He  has 
been  pastor  at  Ruhamot  thirty-two  years,  at  Spring- 


ville  twenty,  and  at  Cahaba  twenty-five  years, — 
three  of  our  best  country  churches.  He  is  one  of 
the  most  influential  ministers  in  the  State,  and 
a  strong  and  gifted  preacher.  He  held  several 
)irominent  civil  positions.  His  son,  Elisha  Wal- 
drop, is  also  a  good  minister  of  Jesus  Christ. 


ADDITIONAL    SUPPLEMENT. 


Alderson,  Rev.  L.  A.,  was  one  of  the  efficient 
pioneer  Baptists  of  Kansas.  He  resides  now  at 
Atchison.  lie  says,  "  On  one  Sunday  morning  in 
August,  1830,  when  I  was  eighteen  years  of  age,  and 
was  just  closing  my  Sophomore  year  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Ohio,  my  room-mate  handed  me  a  copy 
of  Doddridge's  '  Rise  and  Progress,'  requesting  me 
to  read  it  until  the  nine  o'clock  bell  should  ring 
for  prayers.  Entirely  out  of  respect  to  him  I  com- 
menced reading  at  the  first  page,  intending  to  push 
the  book  aside  and  take  up  other  reading.  Before 
finishing  the  second  page  I  was  surprised  to  find 
myself  weeping,  and  in  a  few  minutes,  while  reading 
the  third  page,  there  came  upon  me  such  a  crush- 
ing sense  of  my  sinfulness  in  the  sight  of  God  that 
I  was  most  miserablo.  ;ind  remained  six  or  seven 
days  without  peace  nii'il  the  reading  of  a  small 
tract  of  the  American  Tract  Society  opened  up  the 
way  of  life  so  plain  that  I  was  enabled  to  trust  in 
the  Saviour. 

"  Schooled  among  the  Presbyterians,  and  all  my 
associates  being  connected  with  their  congregation, 
I  expected  to  unite  with  them.  To  strengthen  me 
in  my  purpose  I  read  one  of  the  ablest  books  then 
in  popular  use  in  favor  of  infant  membership  and 
sprinkling.  But  it  occurred  to  me  that  it  would 
be  well  to  read  something  on  the  other  side.  I 
called  upon  our  professor  of  mathematics,  who  a 
year  or  two  before  had  astonished  our  faculty  by 
joining  the  Baptists.  I  asked  him  for  something 
to  read  on  the  Baptist  side  of  the  question.  lie 
stepped  to  his  library  and  took  down  a  small  Testa- 
ment. '  Here,'  said  he,  '  is  the  best  book  I  can 
give  you  on  that  subject.' 

"I  returned  to  my  room  resolved  to  read  the 
New  Testament  through  and  mark  every  passage 
that  seemed  to  have  a  bearing  on  the  mode  and 
subjects  of  baptism.  Before  getting- to  the  Acts  of 
the  Apostles  my  mind  was  fully  made  up.  I  re- 
turned to  my  old  liome  in  Western  Virginia,  and 
in  May,  1832, 1  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of 
the  Greenbrier  Baptist  church  by  Rev.  V.  M.  ^lason. 
On  the  loth  day  of  September,  1834,  I  was  ordained 
by   Rev.   Alexander  Freeman,   Rev.   William   C. 

*  Received  too  late  for  Me  Snpplenient ;  the  page  is  indicated  by 
figures  and  an  alphabetical  letter. 


Ligon,  and  Rev.  Scervant  .Jones,  at  the  old  Green- 
brier church." 

Barksdale,  Judge  W.  R.,  of  Halifax  Co.,  Va.. 

is  only  thirty  years  of  age,  but  he  has  attained  an 
enviable  reputation  as  a  scholar,  a  jurist,  and  a 
Ciiristian  worker.  He  is  the  moderator  of  his  dis- 
trict Association,  a  vice-president  of  the  Baptist 
General  Association  of  Virginia,  and  a  great  worker 
in  every  good  cause.  His  friends  predict  for  him 
a  brilliant  career. 

Beale,  Rev.  Geo.  Wm.,  is  a  j'oung  man  in 

whose  face  there  arc  mingled  the  signs  of  manly 
strength  and  unaffected  humility.  He  could  lead 
a  forlorn  hope  witliout  faltering,  and  then  kneel 
down  by  a  dying  soldier  and  plead  for  his  salvation. 
Reared  in  elegance  and  refinement,  he  is  a  good 
soldier  of  Christ,  and  despises  any  pleasure  that 
stands  in  the  way  of  duty. 

He  is  a  native  of  the  Northern  Neck,  a  section 
of  Virginia  famous  for  the  number,  intelligence, 
and  activity  of  its  Baptists.  He  is  the  son  of  Gen. 
Beale,  at  present  a  member  of  Congress  from  that 
district,  who  is  himself  an  humble  and  zealous 
Christian  gentleman.  That  he  has  been  well  trained 
for  his  work  is  satisfactorily  evinced  by  his  minis- 
terial record.  The  opening  years  of  his  public  life 
were  spent  in  the  section  that  gave  him  birth. 
While  there  he  baptized  his  own  father  and  a 
younger  brother,  who  is  now  one  of  our  most  la- 
borious and  useful  young  preachers.  For  several 
years  he  was  pastor  in  the  city  of  Georgetown,  and 
though  it  is  most  unfruitful  soil  for  Baptist  seed, 
he  did  much  to  elevate  and  strengthen  a  struggling 
cause.  He  was  warmly  esteemed  by  his  little 
church,  and  it  was  a  bitter  trial  for  them  to  give 
him  up. 

Two  years  ago  be  removed  to  Halifax  County 
and  assumed  charge  of  the  churches  at  the  Court- 
house and  Black  AValnut,  in  which  he  has  made  a 
most  favorable  impression.  He  is  a  preacher  of 
marked  ability.  Those  who  know  him  intimately 
testify  to  his  deep  piety,  and  upon  that  fact  mainly 
must  rest  his  usefulness.  It  is  only  the  man  whom 
God  iicars  when  he  prays  that  the  people  will  heed 
when  he  preaches. 

Boyd,  Judge  John  Alexander,  was  born  in 

1310a 


BOYD 


1310b 


BROADDUS 


the  city  of  Toronto,  Ontario,  C<anada,  April  23, 
1837.  He  was  educated  at  Upper  Canada  College 
aniToronto  University,  and  his  career  was  that  of 
a  prize-winner  throughout.  He  obtained  a  scholar- 
ship upon  entering  the  university  in  1856,  and  won 
the  gold  medal  in  modern  languages,  when  gradu- 
ating in  1860.    In  the  following  year  lie  proceeded 


JUDGE    JOHN    ALEXANDER    BOYD. 

to  the  M.A.  degree,  and  was  subsequently  for  a 
number  of  years  one  of  the  university  examiners. 
He  still  interests  himself  in  educational  matters, 
and  is  chairman  of  the  University  College  Convo- 
cation, and  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Toronto  Bap- 
tist College.  Mr.  Boyd  studied  law  in  the  office  of 
D.  B.  Read,  Q.C.,  with  whom  he  entered  into  part- 
nership in  1863.  Several  years  later  he  became  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Messrs.  Blake  &  Kerr,  in 
which  he  continued  until  appointed  master  in 
chancery.  After  a  short  term  of  service  in  that 
important  office  he  rejoined  the  firm  since  so 
well  known  as  Blake,  Kerr  &  Boyd,  the  leading 
law  firm  in  the  province  of  Ontario.  In  the  spring 
of  1881  he  was  elevated  to  the  bench  as  chief  judge 
of  the  High  Court  of  Chancery  (a  court  of  equity), 
and  now  bears  the  distinguished  title  of  chancellor 
of  Ontario.  No  appointment  made  by  the  Canadian 
government  during  several  years  past  was  m'ore 
popular  than  this,  both  with  the  bar  and  the  general 
public  of  the  pi-ovinco.  Mr.  Boyd  was  for  many 
years  a  teacher  in  and  superintendent  of  the  Bond 
Street  Baptist  Sunday-school,  Toronto,  and  for  the 
past  five  years  has  been  superintendent  of  the 
Yorkvillo  school,  lie  is  also  senior  deacon  of  the 
Yorkville  Baptist  church. 


REV.  ANUREW   liROAUDi's.     (See  article,  p.  138.) 

Broaddus,  Andrew,  Jr.,  D.D.,  son  of  the  cele- 
brated pulpit  orator,  Rev.  Andrew  Broaddus,  Sr., 
was  born  May  17,  1818,  at  Grovesby,  .Caroline 
Co.,  Va.  He  had  early  religious  impressions,  but 
was  twenty-four  years  of  ag^  when  he  was  bap- 
tized, Sept.  26,  1846,  by  Rev.  Robert  W.  Cole. 

Educated  at  Rappahannock  Academy,  Caroline 
Co.,  Columbian  College,  "Washington,  D.  C,  and 
Richmond  College,  Va.,  and  a  close  student  ever 
since,  he  has  one  of  the  best-trained  and  best-in- 
formed minds  in  the  Virginia  pulpit. 

In  1847  he  was  ordained  by  Revs.  A.  Broaddus,  Sr., 
Addison  Hall,  R.  H.  Bagby,  Howard  W.  Montague, 
and  Robert  W.  Cole.  Ever  since  he  has  been  an 
earnest  and  devoted  pastor,  giving  to  his  churches 
his  whole  time  and  talents. 

He  has  been  pastor  of  Mount  Calvary,  Carmel, 
Bcthesda,  and  Salem  churches  in  Caroline  County, 
and  of  Upper  King  and  Queen  church  in  King  and 
Queen  County.  Salem  and  Upper  King  and  Queen 
have  divided  his  labors  for  over  thirty  years,  and 
the  mutual  afi"ection  of  these  two  churches  and 
their  pastor  seems  to  make  it  quite  certain  that  he 
will  close  hi^  ministry  in  their  service.  It  is  a  high 
tribute  to  liis  ability  as  a  preacher,  his  character  as 
a  Christian,  and  his  efficiency  as  a  pastor  that  Dr. 
Broaddus  has  spent  his  whole  ministerial  life  with 
the  people  among  whom  he  was  brought  up,  and 
seems  more  securely  entrenched  in  their  affections 
to-day  than  over  before. 

He  has  refused  all  overtures  to  city  pastorates, 
and  has  gloried  in  being  a  "country  minister." 
He  has  baptized  about  seventeen  hundred  believers, 


BROWN 


1310c 


BROWN 


and  he  has  labored  in  meetings  with  other  pastors 
in  which  several  thousand  persons  have  been  im- 
mersed. 

lie  has  been  for  years  a  leader  among  the  Bap- 
tist hosts  of  Virginia,  and  has  exerted  a  potent 
infliicnco  in  directing  their  energies  in  "  every  good 
word  and  work." 

The  Rappahannock  Association  has  long  been 
regarded  as  the  "  banner  Association"  of  Virginia, 
and  it  owes  its  position  very  largely  to  the  labors 
of  Dr.  Broaddus  and  his  intimate  friend,  the  la- 
mented Dr.  Richard  Hugh  Bagby. 

His  three  sons  (Rev.  Julian  Broaddus,  of  ^liddle- 
sex  County,  Rev.  Andrew  Broaddus,  of  Lancaster 
County,  and  Rev.  Luther  Broaddus,  of  South  Caro- 
lina) are  all  useful  Baptist  clergymen. 

As  a  preacher,  Dr.  Brnaddus  is  clear,  Scriptural, 
efl'ective,  and  frequently  eloquent.  As  a  pastor,  he 
is  affectionate;  the  unflinching  advocate  of  correct 
discipline.  His  churches  are  among  tiie  best  trained 
and  most  liberal  in  the  country. 

He  is  one  of  the  readiest  deb.aters  and  most 
powerful  platform  speakers  in  the  State.  Many  of 
his  speeches  are  worthy  of  permanent  preservation 
in  just  the  form  in  which  be  delivered  them. 

He  has  very  decided  opinions,  and,  upon  suitable 
occasions,  does  not  hesitate  to  state  and  defend  them. 
But  he  is  courteous  to  those  who  differ  from  him. 

An  affectionate  huslja:id  and  father,  a  good  citi- 
zen, a  warm-hearted  friend,  and,  above  all,  a  de- 
voted Christian,  he  is  as  widely  loved  as  he  is 
known.  Thousands  would  utter  a  hearty  "  amen" 
to  the  prayer  that  ho  may  be  long  spared  to  devote 
his  splendid  gifts  to  tlie  cause  of  truth. 

Brown,  A.  B.,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  bom  in  Am- 
herst Co.,  Va.,  Oct.  20,  1S21. 

He  professed  conversion  when  he  was  about 
twenty,  and  was  for  a  time  an  Episcopalian,  but 
his  sincere  desire  to  know  the  will  of  Christ  soon 
led  to  a  change  of  views,  and  he  was  baptized  into 
the  fellowship  of  the  Mount  Moriah  Baptist  church 
by  Rev.  S.  B.  Rice,  M.D. 

Young  Brown  took  charge  of  a  school  at  seven- 
teen, and  has  been  teaciiing  during  a  great  part 
of  his  life.  He  spent  one  year  as  a  student  at 
Washington  College  (now  Washington  and  Lee 
University),  where  he  won  a  fine  reputation,  and 
accomplished  a  two  j-ears'  course  in  one.  He  pur- 
posed returning  the  next  session,  but  circumstances 
changed  his  plans. 

At  the  age  of  twenty-five  he  entered  the  Univer- 
sity of  Virginia,  and  reveled  in  the  advantages  of 
that  great  institution.  Dr.  Brown  has  made  splen- 
did progress  in  almost  every  branch  of  learning. 

Not  long  after  he  professed  conversion  he  began 
to  speak  of  Christ  to  others,  soon  he  was  licensed, 
and  in  1845  he  entered  fully  into  the  work  of 
preaching  the  gospel  and  became  an  appointee  of 


the  State  Mission  Board  in  Lewis  County,  where 
he  was  successful  in  his  work. 

In  1850  ho  became  pastor  of  Arbor  and  other 
churches  in  the  Roanoke  Association. 


A.   li.    liUOHX,  D.D.,   l.L.I). 

In  1854  he  went  to  Hollins  Institute,  Roanoke 
County,  where  he  spent  three  years  in  successful 
teaching. 

In  1857  he  took  charge  of  the  Hampton  church, 
where  he  gathered  much  fruit  for  the  Master,  and 
gained  the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  ablest 
preachers  in  the  State. 

When  Dr.  J.  A.  Broadus  resigned  the  pastorate 
of  the  Charlottesville  church  in  1859,  a  hearty  in- 
vitation was  extended  to  Dr.  Brown  to  succeed  him, 
and  lie  accepted  the  call,  to  the  deep  regret  of  his 
loving  people  in  Hampton.  He  had  lierc  a  conge- 
nial university  atmosphere,  and  he  studied  and 
preached  with  grand  results.  The  writer  remem- 
bers hearing  Prof.  Lewis  Minor  Coleman,  the 
scholar,  and  the  skillful  artillerist,  say  one  day  at 
his  camp-fire  in  the  most  loving  and  glowing  terms, 
"  Dr.  Brown  more  completely  thati  any  man  I  ever 
heard  has  my  exact  ram/e.     He  hits  me  every  time.'' 

Relating  this  to  Dr.  Brown  one  day,  he  seemed 
touched  by  this  tribute  of  his  noble  friend,  and  he 
replied,  "Ah!  I  fear  that  when  I  had  Coleman's 
'  range"  I  was  shooting  over  the  heads  of  the  rest 
of  the  congregation." 

Tiie  breaking  out  of  the  war  suspended  the  uni- 
versity, many  of  the  best  men  of  his  church  went 
into  the  army,  and  Dr.  Brown  felt  constrained  to 
resign  his  pastorate  the  second  year  of  the  war  and 


CARLETON 


1310D 


COLEMAN 


go  back  to  his  old  place  as  professor  in  Ilollins 
Institute. 

In  ]864  he  became  a  missionary  chaplain  in  Car- 
ters artillery  battalion,  Second  Corps,  Army  of 
Northern  Virginia,  and  bore  no  mean  part  in  the 
labors  of  those  great  revivals  during  which  over 
fifteen  thousand  of  Lee's  veterans  professed  faith- 
in  Christ. 

Many  of  his  sermons  to  the  soldiers  were  rare 
specimens  of  what  a  great  professor  has  defined 
true  eloquence  to  be, — "  Logic  set  on  fire.'''' 

In  the  winter  of  1864  he  returned  to  Pittsylvania 
County,  and  became  pastor  of  several  churches, 
which  he  served  successfully  until  September,  1881, 
when  he  came  to  fill  the  chair  of  English  in  Rich- 
mond College. 

Dr.  Brown's  seventeen  years  of  quiet  country 
life  were  diligently  improved,  and  he  brings  to  his 
college  duties  native  ability,  ripe  scholarship,  "  apt- 
ness to  teach,"  and  the  power  of  a  profound  thinker. 

No  man  in  A''irginia  is  heard  with  more  pleasure 
on  the  platform  or  in  the  pulpit  by  intelligent  peo- 
ple than  Dr.  Brown.  Devotedly  pioiiiS,  and  of  pure 
life,  Dr.  Brown  is  admired  and  loved  by  multitudes 
of  friends,  and  many  prayers  ascend  to  God  that 
he  may  be  long  spared  to  grace  tlie  position  he  fills, 
and  leave  his  impress  on  the  young  men  who  gather 
around  him  in  our  grand  old  college. 

Carleton,  Rev.  George  J.,  was  born  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  Oct.  12,  1812,  of  good' Baptist  stock;  his 
father,  Jonathan  Carleton,  Esq.,  being  favorcably 
known  as  a  deacon  of  Dr.  Baldwin's  church,  and 
also  a  deacon  of  the  Federal  Street  church  (now 
Clarendon  Street),  once  under  the  care  of  Rev.  Dr. 
Howard  Malcom.  His  mother  was  baptized  by  Dr. 
Hezekiah  Smith,  of  Haverhill,  and  united  with  his 
church  when  it  cost  something  for  a  young  girl  to 
come  out  on  the  Lord's  side.  George,  their  son, 
was  educated  in  Boston,  and  at  Amherst  College 
and  Brown  University. 

He  was  born  again  Jlay  16,  1831.  and  was  bap- 
tized into  the  fellowship  of  the  Federal  Street 
church.  He  vras  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Andover,  Mass.,  June  15,  1836:  became 
second  pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  Wil- 
mington, Del.,  Sept.  1,  1839.  A,fter  leaving  Wil- 
mington he  labored  several  years  as  an  evangelist, 
and  then  settled  over  the  Baptist  church  in  AVest 
Cambridge  for  six  years  (now  Arlington),  from 
whence  he  removed  to  Newton  Centre,  where  he 
now  resides.  lie  has  been  chaplain  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts State  prison  ten  years.  He  is  the  author 
of  two  volumes,  "The  Unique,"  1844;  "Rambles 
about  Boston  on  Efibrts  to  do  Good,"  1856. 

Mr.  Carleton's  parents  kept  an  open  house  for 
Baptists  in  Boston  for  many  years,  dispensing 
cheerful  and  liberal  hospitality.  His  fatlier  was 
interested  with    N.   R.    Cobb,   Levi    Farwell,  and 


other  good  men  in  the  inception  and  founding  of 
Newton  Theological  .Seminary.  The  son  is  a  Chris- 
tian, and  a  minister  of  great  worth. 

Chambers,  Rev.  Job  Hodson,  was  born  in 
Burlington  Co.,  N.  J.,  Jan.  1,  1848.  He  was  bap- 
tized- in  1864.  In  1872  he  was  graduated  by  the 
university  at  Lewisburg' with  the  highest  honor  of 
his  class.  While  in  the  university  he  supplied  with 
great  acceptance  the  pulpits  of  the  Elimsport  and 
Winfield  Baptist  churches  for  a  considerable  period. 
He  pursued  the  full  course  of  study  at  the  Crozer 
Theologicar  Seminary,  graduating  in  1875. 

During  his  seminary  course  he  was  pastor  for 
some  time  of  the  Bethesda  Baptist  church  of  Phila- 
delphia. He  was  ordained  in  INIa}-,  1875.  and  on 
the  first  of  June  following  he  became  pastor  of  the 
Olivet  Baptist  church  of  Philadelphia.  This  posi- 
tion he  still  occupies.  He  is  a  preacher  of  marked 
ability,  and  an  earnest  working  pastor.  Under  his 
faithful  and  prudent  labors  the  church  has  grown 
much  in  strength  and  Christian  activity,  and  has 
removed  an  oppressive  debt  of  $16,000.    , 

He  preached  the  doctrinal  sermon  before  the 
North  Philadelphia  Association  in  1877,  and  was 
president  of  the  Alumni  Association  of  Crozer 
Seminary  in  1881.  He  has  been  far  several  years 
secretai-y  of  the  American  Baptist  Historical  So- 
ciety. He  is  a  member  of  the  boards  of  manage- 
ment of  the  Pennsylvania  Baptist  Education  So- 
ciety, the  Pennsylvania  General  Association,  the 
Philadelphia  Baptist  City  Mission,  and  the  Ameri- 
can Baptist  Historical  Society.  Mr.  Chambers  is 
one  of  the  best  men  in  the  Baptist  ministry  in  his 
State. 

Coleman,  Rev.  James  D.,  of  Caroline  Co.,  Va., 

was  born  at  Concord,  in  that  county,  Dec.  15,  1814; 
spent  his  whole  life  amid  the  scenes  of  his  youth, 
and  died  on  the  spot  where  he  was  born,  on  the  21st 
of  November,  1878. 

Of  a  long  line  of  distinguished  ancestors,  the 
father  of  ISIr.  Coleman  was  a  famous  teacher,  and 
as  principal  of  Concord  Academy  g.ave  his  sons  a 
thorough  classical  training.  Mr.  Coleman  thus 
imbibed  in  youth  a  taste  for  learning  which  he 
cultivated  to  the  close  of  life,  being  a  fluent  reader 
of  Latin,  Greek,  and  Fi-ench,  as  well  as  a  de- 
lighted drawer  from  the  "pure  wells  of  English 
undefiled."  He  was  baptized  in  1841  by  Dr.  J.  B. 
Jeter,  and  united  with  Bethany  church,  Spott- 
sylvania  County,  and  soon  after  he  was  licensed 
to  preach.  In  1845  he  was  ordained  at  Bethany, 
and  became  pastor  of  Burrus'  and  Bethel  churches, 
Caroline  County,  to  which  latter  he  removed  his 
membership,  and  of  which  he  continued  to  be  pastor 
until  his  death. 

For  the  last  ten  or  twenty  years  of  his  life  he  was 
also  pastor  of  Round  Oak,  Bethesda,  and  Liberty. 
During    this    period    the    churches   were    greatly 


D  UNA  WAY 


1310e 


FIFE 


strenjftheued  and  blessed  with  the  divine  ])resenc'e, 
and  by  means  of  many  revivals  in  all  his  churches,  in 
which  he  usually  labored  without  any  ministerial 
aid.  It  is  supposed  that  he  baptized  into  member- 
ship with  these  churches  at  least  1800  persons,  while 
some  have  estimated  the  number  us  much  greater. 
As  a  pastor  he  was  faithful  and  laborious,  and 
strove  to  do  his  whole  duty,  and  in  this  endeavor 
secured  sympathy,  love,  and  respect  from  his 
members.  For  many  years  in  the  earlier  part 
of  his  ministry  he  was  the  efficient  clerk  of  the 
Goshen  Association,  and  one  of  the  most  zealous 
and  influential  members  of  its  Missionary  Board, 
serving  as  secretary  of  that  board  at  the  time  when 
its  operations  were  most  extensive,  sustaining  in 
whole  or  in  part  several  foreign  missionaries,  two 
or  three  among  the  Indians,  and  fifteen  in  the 
valley  of  Virginia.  lie  was  a  warm  friend  and 
advocate  of  home  and  foreign  njissions,  to  which 
he  gave  liberally  of  his  pecuniary  means;  and  to 
his  wisdom  and  zeal  as  secretary  of  the  board  is 
largely  due  their  success  in  establishing  and  build- 
ing up  the  Baptist  church  at  Staunton,  Va.,  besides 
many  other  missionary  stations  in  the  valley.  For 
ten  or  twelve  years  prior  to  his  death  he  was  al- 
ways chosen  moderator  of  the  Association  when- 
ever he  attended  its  sessions.  As  a  Baptist,  Mr. 
Coleman  was  decided  and  in  full  accord  with  his 
denomination.  Being  fully  persuaded  in  his  own 
mind  that  the  Baptists  "  contend  for  the  faith  which 
was  once  delivered  to  the  saints,"  that  they  practise 
the  ordinances  as  they  were  instituted,  and  that 
their  form  of  church  government  is  that  of  the 
apostolic  churches,  he  loved  his  denomination, 
labored  earnestly  to  build  it  up,  and  rejoiced  in  its 
success  everywhere.  It  was  to  him  an  inexpres- 
sible pleasure  to  meet  and  mingle  with  his  brethren 
from  other  fields  of  labor  in  our  general  meetings. 
His  delight  would  manifest  itself  in  his  smiling  face 
and  cordial  grasp  of  a  brother's  hand.  As  a  Chris- 
tian, Mr.  Coleman  seemed,  like  Barnabas,  to  be 
"  full  of  the  Holy  Ghost  and  of  faith,  and  to  walk, 
like  Enoch,  with  his  God."  He  was  a  man  of  earn- 
est piety  and  great  faith.  He  was  an  able  preacher 
and  an  influential  man,  and  he  died  widely  lamented. 
Dunaway,  Rev.  AdoniramB.,  was  bom  in  Lan- 
caster Co.,  Va.,  Oct.  5,  1842,  of  religious  parents, 
and  he  was  born  of  the  Spirit  of  God  in  August, 
1858,  and  was  soon  thereafter  baptized  into  the  fel- 
lowship of  Lebanon  Baptist  church  by  the  Rev. 
Addison  Hall.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  late 
■war  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  a  cavalry  company 
from  his  native  county,  attached  to  the  Ninth 
Regiment  of  Virginia  Cavalry,  in  the  Confed- 
erate army.  He  served  during  the  war  in  the 
commands  of  Gens.  Stuart  and  Hampton.  Mr. 
Dunaway  was  licensed  to  preach  in  September, 
1870,  and  was  regularly  ordained  to  the  gospel  min- 


istry in  July,  1871,  and  immediately  took  charge 
of  Farnham  church  in  Richmond  Co.,  Va.,  and 
Lebanon  church  in  Lancaster  County,  which  he 
served  for  seven  years,  and  during  that  period  the 
membership  of  Lebanon  was  more  than  doubled, 
and  Farnham  was  greatly  strengthened.  Besides 
preaching  for  his  regular  churches,  he  has  aided 
other  pastors  in  meetings  whenever  convenient,  and 
always  very  acceptably,  and  with  great  success. 
These  efforts  gave  Mr.  Dunaway  more  than  a  local 
reputation,  so  that  upon  the  death  of  the  late  la- 
mented Rev.  James  1).  Coleman  he  was  called  to 
the  pastorate  of  IJethel,  Bethesda,  Hound  Oak,  and 
Liberty, — four  large  country  churches  in  Caroline 
Co.,  Va.  He  took  charge  of  these  in  April,  1879, 
giving  to  each  one  Sunday  a  month.  During  the 
first  year  of  his  pastorate  in  Caroline  he  preached 
five  consecutive  weeks  in  protracted  meetings  with- 
out ministerial  aid,  and  had  more  than  one  hun- 
dred additions  to  his  churches,  and  they  have  stead- 
ily increased  in  numbers  and  eflSciency  under  his 
ministry,  and  they  are  greatly  attached  to  him. 
He  is  gaining  daily  an  extensive  reputation  in  Vir- 
ginia as  an  humlile,  earnest,  and  efficient  minister 
of  God's  Word.  He  is  an  occasional  contributor 
to  the  Religious  Herald  of  Richmond.  Mr.  Duna- 
way is  justly  considered  one  of  the  most  promising 
young  ministers  of  this  State. 

Fife,  Rev.  James,  was  born  in  Scotland  in  the 
year  17'J4,  and  died  at  his  residence  near  Char- 
lottesville, Va.,  Oct.  6,  1876,  in  the  eighty-third 
year  of  his  age.  Brought  up  under  Presbyterian 
training,  he  adopted  Baptist  views,  and  was  bap- 
tized in  Edinburgh  by  Dr.  Innes.  At  sixteen  he 
began  to  speak  for  Christ,  and  when  at  nineteen 
he  cauie  to  America  and  settled  in  Richmond,  he 
had  fully  entered  upon  his  "abundant  labors"  of 
sixty-six  years  in  the  gospel  ministry. 

When  he  first  came  to  Richmond  he  was  a  suc- 
cessful surveyor,  but  he  soon  removed  to  Gooch- 
land County,  where  for  many  years  he  was  one  of 
the  most  energetic,  popular,  and  efficient  ministers 
that  ever  labored  in  Virginia.  He  was  especially 
successful  in  the  "  four  days'  meetings"  of  the  time, 
which  were  after  a  while  changed  into  our  modern 
"protracted  meetings,"  and  he  was  sent  for  from 
neiir  and  remote  places  to  conduct  such  meetings. 

Dr.  Jeter  said  of  him  in  this  connection,  "Fife 
was  among  the  first,  if  he  was  not  the  very  first, 
of  the  Baptist  ministers  who  laliored  in  such  meet- 
ings. His  gifts  eminently  fitted  him  for  the  service. 
The  freshness,  vigor,  and  pathos  of  his  sermons 
rendered  his  ministry  everywhere  acceptable.  One 
of  the  early  meetings  of  tiiis  order  was  conducted 
by  him  and  Baptist  in  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
Richmond.  Fife  preached  and  Baptist  exhorted, 
for  which  he  had  a  remarkable  gift.  It  was  one  of 
the  most  successful   meetings  ever   held   in  Rich- 


FOOTS 


1310F 


FRAZER 


mond.  To  this  day  the  prosperity  of  the  Bapti.st 
denomination  here  is  largely  due  to  its  influence.'' 
The  converts  in  connection  with  his  evangelistic 
labors  were  numbered  by  thousands.  He  was 
always  an  active  promoter  of  missions.  He  and 
his  friend,  Rev.  Edward  Baptist,  were  linquestion- 
al)ly  the  founders  of  the  Baptist  General  Associa- 
tion of  Virginia,  which  was  organized  in  Richmond 
in  June,1823. 

When  the  great  memorial  meeting  of  this  body 
was  held  in  Richmond  in  June,  1873,  he  was  pres- 
ent, and  there  were  no  happier  men  in  the  vast 
thro.ng  than  James  Fife,  one  of  the  founders,  and 
J.  B.  Jeter,  the  first  missionary  of  this  grand  or- 
ganization. Noble  veterans  of  the  cross,  they  were 
full  of  labors  and  full  of  honoi-s. 

He  never  ceased  to  love  the  courts  of  the  Lord, 
and  to  do  what  he  could  to  win  souls  to  Christ. 
Always  active  in  preaching  to  and  caring  for  the 
spiritual  interests  of  the  colored  people,  he  was  for 
some  time  after  the  war  the  pastor  of  one  of  •their 
churches  in  Charlottesville,  and  the,  warm  place  he 
had  in  their  affections  was  attested  by  the  throngs 
of  colored  persons  who  attended  his  funeral. 

He  died  at  home  ministered  to  by  loving  hands, 
and  was  buried  by  neighbors  and  friends  among 
whom  he  had  lived  for  many  years.  He  has  left 
behind  a  fragrant  memory  and  a  spotless  record. 

Foote,  Rev.  C.  C,  was  born  in  Massillon,  0.,  in 
March,  1831.  His  father  was  an  attorney-at-law 
in  that  place,  and  a  graduate  of  Union  College, 
Schenectady,  N.  Y. 

He  was  left  fatherless  in  infancy,  and  was  taken 
by  his  mother  to  her  native  town,  Shalersville, 
Portage  Co.,  0.,  where  he  passed"  his  childhood,  at- 
tending the  village  schools.  At  twelve  years  of 
age  he  was  converted,  and  the  next  year  was  im- 
mersed, and  there  being  no  Baptist  church  there, 
he  united  witli  the  Disciples.  Soon  afterwards  he 
removed  to  Summit  Co.,  0.  In  1848  he  entered  the 
classical  school  of  Prof.  Henry  Childs,  in  Cleveland. 

In  November,  1851,  he  began  a  three  years'  course 
of  study  at  Hiram  College,  0.,  during.the  last  two 
years  of  which  he  taught  classes, — chiefly  in  Latin, 
Greek,  German,  astronomy,  algebra,  and  philos- 
ophy. 

In  1852,  while  a  student,  he  began  to  preach,  and 
the  next  year  supplied  the  pulpit  in  Shalersville. 
He  was  formally  set  apart  to  the  ministry  in  Hiram 
in  November,  1854,  and  through  the  following  three 
years  occupied  pulpits  successively  in  Sliaron,  Pa., 
and  in  Shalersville  and  North  Bloomfield,  0. 

In  the  spring  of  1858  he  entered  upon  his  first 
regular  pastorate  in  Ravenna,  0.  Following  that 
he  had  pastoral  charges  in  Cleveland,  0.,  New  York 
City,  and  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

In  1870  and  1871,  while  in  New  York  City,  he 
occupied  a  place  on   the  board  of  managers  of  the 


American  Bible  Union,  serving  as  recording  secre- 
tary of  that  society' ;  he  was  associated  witli  Drs. 
Armitage  and  W.  II.  Wyckoff  as  the  Committee  on 
Versions. 

In  Philadelphia  he  took  the  course  of  elocution 
in  the  National  Scliool  of  Elocution  and  Oratory. 

In  July,  1879,  he  was  regularly  ordained  to  the 
Baptist  ministry  in  the  Centennial  Baptist  church, 
Philadelphia.  From  that  time  he  occupied  the  chair 
of  Mental  and  Moral  Philosophy  in  the  National 
School  of  Elocution  and  Oratory,  and  supplied  va- 
rious Baptist  pulpits  in  that  city  until  February, 
1881,  when  he  became  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Topeka,  Kansas. 

About  four  hundred  students  have  come  under 
his  instruction  as  a  teacher,  and  about  one  thousand 
persons  have  been  converted  under  his  ministry. 

Mr.  Foote  is  a  devoted  Christian  and  a  preacher 
of  decided  ability. 

Frazer,  Hon.  Robert,  was  born  in  Orange  Co., 
Va.,  in  1839,  and  was  baptized  in  1852.  In  Octo- 
ber, 1859,  he  entered  the  University  of*  Virginia, 
and  enjoyed  until  the  spring  of  1861  the  advan- 
tages of  that  great  seat  of  learning.  He  was  anx- 
ious to  complete  his  course  at  Charlottesville,  but 
when  Virginia  called  her  sons  to  her  defense 
Robert  Frazer  enlisted  as  a  private  soldier  in  the 
Rockbridge  Artillery,  which  was  composed  of  se- 
lect young  men,  whose  guns  were  heard  on  well- 
nigh  every  field  in  which  the  Army  of  Northern 
Virginia  fought,  and  which  won  a  distinguished 
reputation  in  the  Confederate  army.  Mr.  Frazer 
was  one  of  the  bravest  soldiers  in  this  well-known 
battery.  In  1863  he  was  disabled  by  severe  wounds, 
and  returned  to  the  university.  In  1864  he  ac- 
cepted an  appointment  as  professor  in  the  Florida 
JMilitary  Institute,  which  position  he  filled  with 
marked  ability  until  after  the  close  of  the  war, 
when  he  returned  to  Virginia. 

For  severhl  years  he  taught  a  boys'  school  in  his 
native  county,  and  in  1869  became  associated  with 
Rev.  II.  H.  Wyer  in  the  conduct  of  the  Fauquier 
Female  Institute,  becoming  its  president  in  1872. 

jNIr.  Frazer  has  never  taken  any  active  part  in 
politics,  but  when  in  1874  (without  solicitation) 
he  was  appointed  consul  to  Palermo,  he  accepted 
the  position.  He  devoted  himself  so  faithfully  to 
the  duties  of  his  consulate  that  when  at  the  end 
of  two  yeays  he  resigned,  he  was  urged  by  the 
State  Department  to  remain,  although  it  was 
known  that  his  politics  were  not  in  accord  with 
those  of  the  administration.  But  in  going  abroad 
he  had  perfected  himself  in  modern  languages, 
and  he  insisted  on  returning  to  his  loved  work  as 
president  of  the  Fauquier  Female  Institute  of  War- 
rentcin,  Va. 

With  fine  grounds  and  buildings,  and  with  an 
established  reputation   for  the  thoroughness  of  its 


JENNINGS 


1310a 


JONES 


instruction,  Prof.  Frazer,  one  of  tlie  ablest  edu- 
cators in  the  country,  lias  before  him  a  flatterint; 
career  of  usefulness.  Of  pleasing  address,  a  born 
teacher,  and  devoted  to  his  calling,  above  all,  an 
earnest  Christian  and  active  Sunday-school  super- 
intendent, Prof.  Frazer  stands  among  the  foremost 
of  our  Virginia  Baptist  laynion. 


THOM.\S    HUME,    SK. 

Hume,  Thomas,  Sr.  (See  article,  p.  557.) 
Jennings,  Mr.  Francis,  was  born  at  Melksham, 
Wiltshire,  England,  Nov.  3,  180S,  and  vi'as  the  son 
of  William  and  Mary  (Johns)  -Jennings.  From 
1815  till  1821  he  attended  the  Baptist  Sunday- 
school  at  Trowbridge.  His  mother  was  a  Baptist. 
lie  was  ])aptized  Oct.  7,  IS27,  by  Rev.  Peter 
Ainstie,  of  the  Bethesda  church.  He  came  to 
America  in  May,  1842,  and  joined  the  Sansom 
Street  church.  He  was  a  constituent  member  of 
the  Bethesda  church,  which  name  was  given  it  at' 
his  suggestion,  being  that  of  the  church  in  which 
he  professed  his  faith  in  the  old  country.  His  at- 
tention was  first  led  to  religion  from  conversations 
with  his  Sunday-school  teacher  and  from  reading 
hymns.     That  l)y  Anna  Steele,  beginning 

"The  Saviour  calls,  let  every  ear 
Attend  the  lieavenly  sound," 

affected  him  deeply,  and  made  him  anxious  to  know 
all  about  its  author.  He  got  a  number  of  hymn- 
books,  and  their  pcr\jsal  gave  him  a  taste  for 
hymnology.  Hearing  that  a  Mr.  David  Creamer, 
a  .Metliodist  in  Baltimore,  had  a  similar  taste,  Mr. 
Jennings  visited  him,  and  found  him  a  true  yoke- 
fellow and  deeply  imbued  with  a  like  love  for 
liymns  and  their  authors.     Compelled  to  work  for 


his  daily  bread,  Mr.  Jennings  devoted  such  leisure 
as  he  could  get  to  tlie  study  of  hymnology,  and 
collected  all  the  books  on  the  subject  he  could  hear 
of.  At  one  time  he  had  over  oOO  hymn-books. 
They  are  now  in  the  library  of  the  American  Bap- 
tist Puldication  Society.  His  next  collection  num- 
l)ercd  about  600  volumes,  which  he  gave  to  the 
American  Baptist  Historical  Society.  The  exten- 
sive knowledge  of  Mr.  Jennings  led  to  the  prepar- 
ation I)y  him  of  the  biographical  index  of  authors  of 
liymns  to  be  found  in  the  Baptist  Hymn  and  Tune 
Book.  He  has  also  written  largely  for  the  National 
Baptist  on  hymns  and  their  authors.  His  acquire- 
ments  are  very  remarkable.  In  187G,  Rev.  Edwin 
M.  Long  published  a  book  entitled  "  Illustrated 
History  of  Hymns  and  their  Authors."  In  it  he 
bears  the  following  testimony  to  Mr.  Jennings  : 
"  In  the  preparation  of  this  work  we  have  been 
aided  in  the  synopsis  and  other  particulars  by  our 
friend,  Mr.  Francis  Jennings,  who  may  fitly  be  de- 
nominated a  walking  encyclopaedia  of  hymnology. 
He  is  a  native  of  British  soil,  around  which  cluster 
the  most  interesting  associations  of  hymn  history. 
Having  devoted  half  a  century  in  treasuring  up 
dates  and  facts,  it  is  no  wonder  that  while  his  locks 
are  becoming  silvered  with  the  frosts  of  many 
winters  his  life-long  zeal  in  this  department  re- 
mains unabated."  Ho  contributed  to  the  erection 
of  two  Bajitist  church  edifices  at  Franklinville, 
Philadelphia,  giving  $500  at  one  time  when  he  was 
receiving  one  dollar  a  day  for  severe  labor. 

Mr.  Jennings  lives  in  West  Philadelphia,  and  is 
a  member  of  the  Mantua  Baptist  church. 

Jones,  Rev.  Reuben,  was  born  in  Isle  of  Wight 
Co.,  Va.,  Nov.  30,  1SU8.  His  father  removed  to 
Smith  Co.,  Tenn.,  in  1815.  There,  on  the  13th  of 
Noveiiilier,  1831,  he  made  a  profession  of  religion 
among  the  Methodists.  Soon  after  he  was  licensed 
to  preach,  and  received  into  the  Tennessee  Annual 
Conference;  he  labored  two  years  on  circuits,  and 
one  each  in  Nashville,  Murfreesborough,  and  Tus- 
cumbia,  Ala. 

He  was  then  transferred  to  the  Virginia  Confer- 
ence in  1839.  After  filling  one  appointment  at 
Williamsburg  and  Hampton  he  changed  his  views, 
and  was  baptized  by  Putnam  Owens  at  Mill  Swamp 
Baptist  church,  in  Isle  of  Wight  Co.,  Va.,  Sept.  1, 
1841.  After  reordination,  November,  1841,  he  be- 
came pastor  first  of  ^lill  Swamp  and  Smithfield 
churches,  in  Isle  of  Wight  County,  three  years; 
next  of  Suffolk  and  Shoulder's  Hill,  in  Nansemond 
and  Norfolk  Counties,  five  years;  next  of  Cumber- 
land Street,  in  Norfolk  City,  five  years ;  next  of 
Helena,  -Vrk..  nearly  two  years;  finally,  returned 
to  Shoulders  Hill,  at  Churchland,  Norfolk  Co.,  Va.. 
Sept.  1,  1855,  where  he  has  been  twenty-six  years, 
having  ''held  the  fort"  all  through  the  war. 

He  was  a  delegate  in   the   last  meeting  of  the 


LAR COMBE 


1310H 


PATTERSON 


Baptist  Triennial  Convention  in  Philadelphia  in 
1844,  and  a  constituent  member  of  the  Southern 
Baptist  Convention,  organized  at  Augusta,  Ga., 
in  May,  1845.  He  was  four  years  moderator  of 
the  Portsmouth  Association,  Virginia,  one  of  the 


REV.   RELT15EX    JONES. 

most  influential  Associations  in 'the  State,  and  sev- 
eral times  vice-moderator  of  the  General  Associa- 
tion. 

Mr.  Jones,  assisted  by  Rev.  G.  J.  Hobday,  by 
request  of  the  body,  prepared  a  manuscript  history 
of  the  "  Virginia  Portsmouth  Baptist  Association," 
including  historical  sketches  of  its  churches,  and 
biographical  sketches  of  deceased  ministers,  etc. 
This  work  has  been  published  in  book  form,  making 
a  neat  volume  of  302  pages. 

INIr.  Jones  is  now  in  his  seventy-fourth  year,  but 
still  strong  and  active,  and  preaches  with  the  vigor 
of  younger  years.  The  church  over  which  Mr. 
Jones  presides  is  in  some  respects  one  of  the  best 
churches  in  our  State,  and  its  efficiency  is  clearly 
attributable  to  his  faithful  ministry.  He  is  the 
patriarch  of  the  Portsmouth  Association.  In  its 
deliberations  his  voice  is  potent,  and  his  influence 
is  as  gentle  as  it  is  mighty.  He  ranks  well  as  a 
preacher.  His  sermons  are  carefully  made,  full  of 
awakening  points,  and  solemnly  delivered.  On 
the  platform  he  is  peculiarly  felicitous.  He  has  a 
vein  of  genuine  poetry  in  his  soul,  and  sometimes 
indulges  in  bursts  of  poetic  eloquence. 

Larcombe,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, May  12,  1791,  and  died  in  that  city  Oct.  1, 
1861.  He  was  a  descendant  of  a  family  of  the 
Waldenses.  which  became  identified  with  the  Hu- 
guenots of   Languedoc.      About  the  time  of   the 


revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes  the  family  left 
France,  and  settled  in  Whippinghain,  Isle  of  Wight. 
One  of  the  family  passed  over  to  Bristol,  England, 
and  soon  emigrated  to  America,  and  settled  on  the 
Connecticut. 

At  sixteen  young  Larcombe  united  with  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  Philadelphia.  In  1821  he  was 
licensed  to  preach  by  the  church  at  Hopewell,  N.  J. 
Later  he  was  ordained,  and  took,  charge  of  the 
church  at  Burlington.  After  a  year  he  took  the 
oversight  of  the  church  at  Bordentown.  Four  years 
afterwards  he  was  called  to  the  church  in  Colebrook, 
Conn.  His  next  field  of  labor  was  at  Danbury. 
Then  he  settled  with  the  church  at  Saugerties,  X.  Y. 
In  183.5  he  came  back  to  Philadelphia,  and  for  three 
years  was  occupied  in  teaching  and  preaching  for 
destitute  churches  in  the  vicinity.  In  1838  he  was 
appointed  "  moral  instructor''  in  the  Eastern  Peni- 
tentiarj-,  and  he  filled  this  position  for  twenty-three 
years. 

Mr.  Larcombe  was  a  good  man,  and  in  his  prison 
congregation,  as  in  his  other  fields  of  labor,  he  led 
souls  to  Jesus  and  honored  his  Master.  His  end 
was  full  of  peace. 

Morgan,  Rev.  Abel,  Sr.,  was  born  in  1673,  in 
Alltgoch,  County  of  Carmarthen,  Wales:  he  was 
ordained  in  Blaenegwent  in  Monmouthshire.  He 
came  to  Pennsylvania  early  in  1711  :  he  resided  for 
a  time  in  Philadelphia,  and  then  removed  to  Penne- 
pek.  Immediately  after  his  aj'rival  he  took  charge 
of  the  church  at  Pennepek,  exercising  his  ministry 
there  and  in  Philadelphia  until  his  death,  which 
occurred  Dec.  16,  1722.  His  five  children  "mar- 
ried into  the  Holmes,  Howell,  Sprogle,  and  Keen 
families,''  and  in  1770  he  had  sixteen  grandchildren. 
He  was  the  author  of  a  Welsh  Concordance,  which 
was  printed  in  Philadelphia  in .1730,  and  of  a  AVelsh 
translation  of  the  "Century  Confession,''  —  the 
London  Confession  of  1689, — with  the  articles  on 
"  Singing  of 'Psalms"  and  "Laying  on  of  Hands'' 
added  to  it. 

.  Mr.  Morgan  was  a  great  and  good  man.  and  ex- 
erted a  powerful  influence  in  favor  of  the  Saviour's 
kingdom  in  his  native  land,  and  during  his  com- 
paratively brief  American  ministry.  His  remains 
now  rest  in  the  ground  owned  by  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Philadelphia  in  Mount  Moriah  Cemetei-j'. 

Patterson,  Rev.  George,  was  by  birth  a  Scotch- 
man, but  came  to  this  country  in  early  life.  In 
young  manhood  he  felt  called  of  God  to  preach  the 
gospel,  and  being  a  resident  of  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
he  entered  the  theological  seminary  conducted  by 
the  celebrated  Dr.  Staughton.  At  the  beginning 
of  the  war  of  1812  he  removed  to  Virginia,  where 
he  subsequently  married  and  died.  He  was  the 
first  pastor  of  the  Cumberland  Street  church  in 
Norfolk,  in  whose  service  he  gained  the  warm  af- 
fection of  the  writer  of  this  sketch.     His  ordiua- 


PATTERSON 


ISildi 


ROE 


tion  services  were  conducted  by  Dr.  StauglUuti  and 
the  Rev.  William  White,  of  Philadelphia,  wiio 
came  to  Norfolk  in  a  sailinf^-vossel,  occiipyinn;  sev- 
eral days  in  the  trip,  and  runninj^  some  risk  of  cap- 
ture from  British  war-vessels  on  the  coast.  They 
remained  many  days  in  Norfolk  and  preaolicil  with 
great  acceptance  to  immense  throngs. 

The  visit  of  these  eloquent  ministers  gave  Mr. 
Patterson  a  brilliant  introduction  to  the  citizens  of 
Norfolk,  where  his  talents  and  efforts  were  instru- 
mental in  securing  extensive  jirosperity  for  the 
church  to  which  he  niinistered.  While  he  resided 
in  Norfolk  he  was  abundant  in  labors  and  emi- 
nently blessed  in  winning  souls  to  Jesus.  During 
his  first  year  he  baptized  about  forty  persons,  and 
among  them  were  not  a  few  who,  during  life,  con- 
tinued pillars  of  the  church. 


Pleasants,  Rev.  Stephen,  was  born  Jan.  12, 
1779,  joined  the  church  in  1799,  began  to  preach 
in  1824,  and  died  Nov.  28,  1852.  He  lived  and 
died  in  Person  Co.,  N.  C. 

In  1832,  Rev.  James  Osborn  made  a  division  in 
the  County  Line  Association  on  missions.  Mr. 
Pleasants  and  a  few  others  were  excluded.  In 
1833  they  formed  the  Beulah  Association,  of  which 
Mr.  Pleasants  became  moderator,  and  he  held  this 
office  until  his  death  in  I8.>2.  He  had  a  character 
as  pure  as  the  virgin  snow,  and  a  mind  as  clear  as 
crystal.  His  style  was  like  a  flowing  river.  His 
moral  influence  will  never  die  ;  his  life  was  a  bles- 
sing to  mankind. 

Robertson,  Rev.  John,  was  horn  in  Rocking- 
ham Co.,  N.  C,  in  I8UJ.  About  1830  he  removed 
to  Grainger  Co.,  Tenn.     He  professed  religion  and 


KiiiiMO-NU   INSIITITK.      (.See  article,  p.  964. j 


Enshrined  in  the  affections  of  the  writer  will 
always  be  the  Fauquiers.  Chamberlaines,  Mallorys, 
Fiveashes,  Wrights,  Langleys,  Calverts,  Bushes, 
Summerses.  Coxes,  Barrons,  Andersons,  and  others 
of  that  time,  and  the  Pendreds,  Hendrens,  Ste- 
venses,  and  Keys,  and  others  of  the  generation 
that  preceded  them. 

Few  events  in  the  past  history  of  Norfolk  were 
more  important  than  the  arrival  of  the  packet  that 
brought  Mr.  Patterson.  His  faith,  his  holy  life, 
his  burning  zeal,  his  untiring  labors^with  heaven's 
blessing,  gave  the  Baptists  a  measure  of  blessing 
in  Norfolk  that  called  for  devout  gratitude  all  over 
Virginia,  and  opened  for  him  a  place  in  the  hearts 
of  his  people  from  which  nothing  could  remove 
him.  He  mounted  the  first  round  of  the  ladder  of 
success,  which  subsequent  pastors  have  so  nobly 
ascended,  and  though  he  has  long  since  rested 
from  his  labors  his  memory  is  still  precious. 


joined  Puncheon  Camp  church.  He  shortly  after- 
wards was  ordained  to  the  ministry.  He  lived  on 
one  side  of  a  mountain  and  a  good  physician  on  the 
other.  When  he  came  near  Mr.  Robertson  he  fre- 
quently left  the  medicine  and  prescription  for  him 
to  give.  He  knew  something  of  law  and  medi- 
cine. In  1839  he  returned  to  Rockingham  Co., 
N.  C,  and  was  for  years  a  missionary  in  the  Beu- 
lah Association.  He  built  up  many  churches  and 
accomplished  an  immense  amount  of  good.  He 
was  a  splendid  del)ater.  He  studied  his  library 
well,  and  always  had  arguments  at  command.  He 
died  in  Surry  Co.,  N.  C,  in  the  spring  of  1880. 

Roe,  Col.  Edward  R.,  M.D.,  was  born  at 
Lebanon,  0.,  June  22,  1813.  His  father  was  a 
lawyer,  but  abandoned  the  profession  and  became 
a  Swedenborgian  clergyman  of  considerable  note 
in  Ohio.  His  education  was  chiefly  obtained  in 
the  public  schools.     He  graduated  with  the  degree 


ROYALL 


1310J 


SANDS 


of  M.D.  at  Louisville,  Ky.  He  had  great  attain- 
ments in  natural  sciences.  For  ten  years  he  was 
editor  of  The  Atheneum,  of  Indiana;  The  Journal^ 
The  Constitutionalist,  The  Illinois  Baptist,  The 
Statesman,  and  The  Bloomington  Pantagraijh,  of 
Illinois.  He  published  a  volume  entitled  ''God 
and  Man  by  the  Light  of  Nature,"  nearly  the- 
vrhole  edition  of  vyhich  was  destroyed  by  the  great 
Chicago  fire.  He  also  published  "Elbib,''  show- 
ing the  harmony  of  the  Bible  with  the  true  teach- 
ing of  nature.  He  is  the  author  of  many,  maga- 
zine articles  on  scientific  subjects.  In  1850  he 
delivered  a  course  of  lectures  at  Shurtleff  College, 
Illinois.  He  was  appointed  lecturer  on  chemistry 
and  physiology  in  the  Normal  University  of  Illi- 
nois, and  he  also  filled  the  professorship  of  physi- 
ology in  the  Medical  College  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
He  has  delivered  many  popular  lectures  on  various 
subjects.  When  in  1861  a  regiment  of  infantry  was 
organized  in  the  Normal  University  (the  Normal 
Regiment,  No.  33)  he  was  commissioned  nyijor, 
and  served  until  disabled  by  a  wound  before  Vicks- 
burg.  For  heroic  service  he  was  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.  He  wias  elected  clerk 
of  the  McLean  County  Courts,  and  also  served  as 
United  States  marshal  of  the  southern  district  of 
Illinois.  In  early  life  he  had  been  skeptical,  but  in 
1840  he  was  converted,  and  he  was  baptized  in 
White  River,  Indiana.  He  is  about  to  bring  out  a 
work  entitled  "  Life  and  its  Manifestations."  His 
friends  who  have  read  some  of  its  chapters  are  im- 
pressed with  its  ability  to  overtln-ow  the  false 
theories  of  modern  unbelieving  scientists. 

Royall,  Rev.  William  Bailey,   son  of  Rev. 

William  Royall,  D.D.,  was  born  in" Charleston,  S.  C, 
Sept.  2,  1844,  professed  faith  in  Christ  at  the  age 
of  thirteen,  under  the  ministry  of  Dr.  Richard 
Furman,  at  Greenville,  S.  C,  entered  Furman  Uni- 
versity, and  nearly  finished  the  course  there,  but 
took  his  degree  of  A.B.  at  Wake  Forest  College  in 
1861,  with  which  institution  his'fiither  had  lately 
become  connected. 

He  served  four  years  in  the  jirmy  during  the  late 
war,  first  in  the  Santee  Artillery^,  and  afterwards 
as  a  member  of  the  Fifty-fifth  North  Carolina 
Regiment. 

He  became  tutor  in  Wake  Forest  College  in  1866, 
and  Professor  of  Greek  in  1870.  He  was  ordained 
in  1869,  Drs.  W.  M.  Wingate,  AV.  T.  Walters,  W. 
T.  Brooks,  and  W.  Royall  constituting  the  Presby- 
tery. He  has  served  the  churches  of  Louisburg, 
Youngsville,  and  Forestville  as  pastor.  He  has 
the  reputation  of  being  an  excellent  teacher  and 
preacher,  and  his  genial  manners  and  gentle  dis- 
position endear  him  to  all  who  know  him. 

Sands,  William,  the  founder  of  the  Religious 
Heruhl.  was  Ijorii  in  England  in  1793,  and  died  in 
Richmond,  Va.,  Aug.  30,  1868. 


He  was  a  printer  by  trade,  and  came  to  America 
in  1818.  For  some  time  he  was  employed  on  the 
National  Intelligencer,  in  Washington.  Afterwards 
he  removed  to  Baltimore,  and  became  proof-reader 
in  the  printing  establishment  of  John  D.  Toy. 

Soon  after  he  went  to  Baltimore  he  was  baptized 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  First  church  by  the  Rev. 
E.  J.  Reis,  but  subsequently  he  joined  the  Second 
church. 

In  December,  1827,  he  was  induced  by  Deacon 
William  Crane  to  remove  to  Richmond,  and  under- 
take the  establishment  of  a  Virginia  Baptist  paper, 
which  was  greatly  needed. 

Accordingly  he  issued,  on  the  11th  of  -January, 
1828,  the  first  number  of  the  Religious  Herald. 
Deacon  Crane  furnished  the  money  and  credit  ne- 
cessary to  buy  an  outfit  and  start  the  paper.  Rev. 
Henry  Keeling  vras  for  a  time  the  editor,  and  Mr. 
Sands  was  general  manager,  proof-reader,  etc.  In 
the  course  of  several  years  !Mr.  Keeling  retired, 
and  Mr.  Sands  became  sole  editor  and  proprietor. 

It  is  impossible  to  realize  the  diflicul^es  which 
beset  Mr.  Sands  in  establishing  his  paper  ;  and  yet, 
by  patient  industry,  rigid  economy,  and  skillful 
management,  he  overcame  the  obstacles  in  his  way, 
paid  back  every  borrowed  dollar,  and  made  the 
Religious  Herald  a  power  in  the  land,  and  for 
thirty-seven  years  wielded  an  influence  which  won 
for  him  the  fitting  title  of  "  Nestor  of  the  Ameri- 
can Baptist  Press."  ^ 

In  1857  he  associated  with  him  in  the  editorial 
conduct  of  the  paper  Rev.  David  Shaver,  D.D,, 
whose  scholarship  and  signal  ability  enriched  its 
columns  and  made  the  Herald  of'  Sands  &  Shaver" 
the  peer  of  any  religious  paper  in  the  land. 

The  writer  of  this  sketch  had  the  privilege  not 
long  since  of  looking  through  a  file  of  the  Religious 
Herald  while  Sands  &  Shaver  conducted  it,  and  he 
has  been  greatly  struck  not  only  with  the  ability 
and  real  vahie  of  the  editorials,  but  by  the  evan- 
gelical, devout,  and  conservative  spirit  which  runs 
through  them.  The  issue  of  the  Herald  for  that 
memorable  week  in  April,  1861,  which  witnessed 
the  fall  of  Fort  Sumter,  the  secession  of  Virginia, 
and  the  Ijeginning  of  the  great  "war  between  the 
States,"  contains  not  the  slightest  editorial  allusion 
to  these  stirring  events,  and  only  the  briefest  men- 
tion in  the  column  of  ''secular  news." 

And  the  editorials  of  the  Herald  during  the  war 
will  be  searched  in  vain  for  any  bitter  denuncia- 
tion of  the  North. 

On  the  death  of  JNIr.  Sands,  Dr.  Jeter  thus  spoke 
of  him  in  an  editorial  in  the  Religious  Herald: 

"  As  an  editor  he  was  remarkable  not  for  the  bril- 
liancy of  his  thoughts,  or  the  elegance  of  his  style, 
but  for  the  soundness  of  his  judgment,  the  wisdom 
of  his  counsels,  the  conservatism  of  his  views,  and 
the  kindness  of  his  spirit.     Others  might  sow  the 


SANDS 


1310k 


SPENCER 


seeds  of  discord,  his  aim  was  to  heal  dissensions 
and  promote  ))rotliorly  love.  He  was  a  sound  and 
earnest  Init  not  a  bigoted  and  intolerant  Baptist. 
He  duly  appreciated  piety  and  good  works  in  all 
communions.  He  was  well  instructed  in  Baptist 
history,  principles,  and  discipline,  and  was  fre- 
quently consulted  hy  individuals  and  churches  on 
questions  of  faith  and  practice,  and  his  answers 
were  freely  given  and  generally  satisfactory.  He 
prided  himself  on  the  accuracy  of  his  historical, 
and  especially  his  statistical,  knowledge.  His  head 
was  an  encyclopaedia.  Facts,  dates,  numbers,  were 
at  his  tongue's  end,  and  his  memory  was  rarely  at 
fault  concerning  them.  In  all  our  denominational 
enterprises  he  felt  a  lively  interest,  and  took  an 
active  part  in  Sunday-schools,  missions,  education, 
temperance;  in  short,  every  good  cause  found  in 
him  an  earnest  and  consistent  advocate." 

On  tiie  3d  day  of  April,  KSCo,  the  office  and  fi.x- 
tures  of  the  Religious  Herald  were  consumed  in 
the  great  conflagration  which  destroyed  the  heart 
of  the  business  portion  of  Richmond. 

Sands  &  Shaver  were  never  able  to  resume  pub- 
lication, and  litially  sold  their  "  good-will"  to  Jeter 
&  Dickinson.  Mr.  Sands's  editorial  career  thus 
closed  in  the  flames  which  lighted  the  way  for  the 
retreating  Confederates  and  the  victorious  Federals 
at  the  close  of  the  memorable  siege  of  Richmond. 

But  his  influence  still  lives,  and  shall  go  on  for 
ever.  We  justly  honor  the  Virginia  Baptist  heroes 
who  in  the  last  century,  from  the  grated  windows 
of  their  prisons,  preached  to  the  throngs  who  gath- 
ered to  hear  them.  AV'e  speak  the  praises  of  our 
eloquent  preachers  and  earnest  workers  of  later 
days,  our  Broaddusos,  Semple,  Kerr.  Taylor,  Jeter, 
Poindexter,  Witt,  Ryland,  Howell,  and  other  wor- 
thies, who  laid  broad  and  deep  the  foundations  of 
our  Baptist  prosperity  in  Virginia.  But  at  least 
equal  honor  is  due  to  this  quiet,  patient,  zealous 
worker,  who  for  thirty-seven  years  sent  into  the 
homes  of  the  people  a  messenger  giving  no  uncer- 
tain sound,  but  ever  pleading  for  '"the  old  paths'" 
of  righteousness,  and  urging  the  hosts  of  the  Lord 
to  be  "  read}'  continually  unto  every  good  word  and 
work." 

For  forty  years  Mr.  Sands  was  an  active  memlior 
of  the  Second  Baptist  church  of  Kiclimond :  punc- 
tual in  his  attendance,  liberal  in  liis  contributions, 
and  wise  in  his  counsels.  His  healtii  had  been 
feeble  for  some  time,  but  he  passed. suddenly  away 
at  last.  As  he  was  caressing  one  of  his  grand- 
children he  sank  back  on  the  sofa  and  expired.  At 
the  last  meeting  of  the  Dover  Association  which  he 
attended  he  was  elected  moderator,  and  in  an  ap- 
propriate valedictory  address  said,  with  a  good  deal 
of  emotion,  "  I  shall  never  meet  my  brethren  again 
on  earth."  And  so  it  proved.  His  work  was  done, 
and  nobly  done. 


Smith,  Henry  F.,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Smith- 
town,  L.  1.,  May  y,  ISiiS,  of  Presbyterian  parents. 
He  was  early  converted  to  Baptist  views,  and  bap- 
tized into  the  fellowship  of  the  Cannon  Street 
church.  New  York,  Feb.  19,  IS43.  He  was  fitted 
for  collogo  in  the  academical  dc]iartuu'nt  at  Hamil- 
ton, and  was  graduated  from  the  New  York  Uni- 
versity. He  was  licensed  to  preach  when  under 
twenty  years  of  age  by  the  Central  church  of 
Brooklyn.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  at  Hastings  on  the  Hudson,  April 
24,  18.51.  He  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  Banksvillc,  Conn.,  Jan.  1,  1854.  He 
began  his  pastorate  of  the  First  Bloomfield  church, 
New  Jersey,  Oct.  1, 1858.  Here  he  gave  more  than 
ten  years  of  cflicient  pulpit  and  pastoral  work.  He 
was  called  from  this  place  to  fill  the  pul[)it  of  the 
large  and  important  First  New  Brunswick  church, 
made  vacant  by  the  death  of  Rev.  Dr.  Riddoll.  Ho 
commenced  his  work  here  April  1,  1869.  The 
years  since  have  been  years  of  constant  growth. 
During  his  pastorate  two  large  and  flourishing 
churches  have  been  organized  from  the  member- 
ship of  the  First  church.  The  benevolent  contri- 
butions of  these  years  have  been  over  !?  1 30.000. 
Dr.  Smith  is  a  faithful  and  tender-hearted  pastor, 
an  efifective  pulpit  speaker,  and  eminently  Scrip- 
tural in  matter.  He  is  a  close  student  of  God"s 
word  in  the  original  tongues,  a  man  of  wide  read- 
ing, and  a  frequent  contributor  to  current  litera- 
ture. 

His  labors  have  extended  beyond  his  own  parish. 
From  1865  to  1879  he  was  secretary  of  the  State 
Convention,  performing  a  large  amount  of  work  in 
building  up  the  feeble  churches  of  New  Jersey. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Managers  of  tiic 
Missionary  Union,  also  a  trustee  of  J'eddie  Insti- 
tute. Lewisburg  University  conferred  upcm  him 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  in  1879.  No  man 
has  had  more  to  do  in  the  development  and  mould- 
ing of  the  Baptist  churches  in  the  State  in  the  last 
twenty  years  than  Dr.  Smith. 

Spencer,  J.  H.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Allen  Co., 
Ivy.,  Sept.  9,  1826.  He  was  brought  up  on  a 
farm.  From  a  child  he  was  fond  of  solitude,  and 
spent  most  of  his  Sabbaths  and  holidays  wander- 
ing in  "  the  dim  old  forests,"  among  the  rocky  cliffs 
and  along  the  clear  mountain  streams,  feeling 
need  of  no  other  company  than  that  of  twenty- 
three  children- (of  which  he  was  the  third)  born  to 
William  Spencer,  and  two  orphans  and  three  step- 
children raised  by  that  devoted  Christian  father 
and  philanthropist.  He  taught  school  to  acquire 
the  means  of  attending  college.  He  professed  con- 
version, and  united  with  H()p(!well  Bapti.st  church, 
near  his  birthplace,  Jan.  20, 1849.  He  had  selected 
the  law  for  his  profession,  and  purchased  a  small 
library  of  standard  works,  preparatory  to  entering 


SPENCER 


1310L 


THOMAS 


a  law-school.  These  books  he  read  carefull3\ 
Meanwhile  he  joined  ii  debating  society,  in  which 
he  disclosed  some  talent  for  speaking.  He  was 
licensed  to  preach  in  the  spring  of  1853,  and  or- 


J.    n.    SPENCER,   D.D. 

dained  by  the  venerable  Thonias  Scrivenor  and 
others  May  6,  1854.  Soon  afterwai'ds  he  entered 
Bethel  College  atRussellville,  Ky.,  having  preached 
as  often  as  convenient  from  the  time  he  was  li- 
censed. He  usually  preached  Saturdays  and  Sun- 
days while  attending  college.  H'e  was  compelled 
to  leave  school  before  the  close  of  his  junior  year 
on  account  of  failing  health.  He  was  immediately 
employed  by  some  liberal  brethren  as  missionary 
of  Bays'  Fork  Association,  in  his. native  county. 
His  labors  were  much  blessed.  In  October,  1857, 
he  took  pastoral  charge  of  the  church  at  Clover- 
port,  Ky.  In  1860  he  resigned  this  position  to 
accept  that  of  missionary  of  Nelson  Association. 
Sept.  15,  1861,  he  settled  in  Jefferson  Co.,  Ky.  In 
October,  1862,  he  took  pastoral  charge  of  the  church 
at  Henderson,  Ky.  At  the  close  of  the  year  1863, 
being  satisfied  that  he  was  not  qualified  for  the  pas- 
toral office,  he  resigned  it  to  become  missionary  of 
Long  Run  Association,  which  includes  the  churches 
of  Louisville,  Ky.  After  occupying  this  position 
a  year,  he  vras  employed  by  the  board  of  the  Gen- 
eral Association  as  evangelist  for  the  State  at  large 
for  several  years,  since  which  he  has  been  engaged 
in  the  work  of  an  evangelist  on  his  own  pecuniary 
responsibility;  principally  in  the  central  part  of 
Kentucky.  He  has  labored  in  this  work  almost 
continually  down  to  the  present  time,  preaching 
one  year  573  sermons,  averaging  an  hour  in  length. 


He  has  witnessed  the  reception  into  the  churches 
of  nearly  4000  persons. 

In  early  life  he  became  interested  on  the  subject 
of  politics,  made  a  few  speeches,  and  wrote  for  sev- 
eral political  papers,  but  coming  to  the  conclusion 
that  this  course  was  incompatible  with  the  gospel 
ministry,  which  he  then  had  in  view,  he  abandoned 
politics  altogether.  While  in  the  pastoral  office  he 
wrote  many  pieces  on  various  literary  subjects,  and 
a  number  of  short  poems,  some  grave  and  others 
humorous.  In  1863  he  published  a  small  pam- 
phlet on  the  Action  of  Baptism.  In  1866  he  pub- 
lished the  Life  of  Thomas  -J.  Fisher,  the  celebrated 
pulpit  orator,  in  a  small  volume  of  208  pages.  He 
has  nearly  ready  for  the  press  the  "  History  of  the 
Rise  and  Progress  of  the  Baptists  on  the  American 
Continent,  with  especial  Reference  to  their  Strug- 
gles for  Religious  Libert}'."  He  was  the  principal 
Kentucky  contributor  to  Cathcart's  "  Baptist  Ency- 
clopaedia." He  is  also  engaged  in  writing  a  history 
of  the  Kentuckj'  Baptists.  These  and  various  arti- 
cles and  sermons  publislied  in  the  religions  period- 
icals, have  all  been  the  work  of  brief  periods  of 
time  snatolied  from  the  arduous  labors  of  an  itin- 
erant evangelist.  His  present  residence  is  Pleasure 
Ridge  Park,  Jefferson  Co.,  Ky.  Dr.  Spencer  en- 
joys the  confidence  and  love  of  throngs  of  admiring 
friends,  who  honor  him  for  his  successful  work  and 
great  worth. 

Thomas,  Archibald,  Esq.,  was  bom  in  Caro- 
line Co.,  Va.,  March  28,  1796.  AVhen  compara- 
tively young  he  removed  to  Richmond,  and  entered 
upon  an  active  and  successful  business  career.  In 
the  year  1826  he  was  led  to  a  full  acceptance  of 
Christ  as  his  personal  Saviour.  Reared  under 
Pedobaptist  teachings,  he  was  inclined  to  unite 
with  "  the  church  of  his  fathers,''  and  strong  in- 
fluences were  now  used  to  effect  this  object,  but 
an  earnest  study  of  the  New  Testament  convinced 
him  that  the  Baptists  were  right,  and  while  he  was 
arranging  to  follow  the  Saviour  his  devoted  wife 
found  Jesus,  and  promptly  decided  to  be  baptized. 
He  determined  to  wait  a  while,  but  on  his  way  to 
the  river  where  she  and  others  were  to  be  immersed, 
he  was  so  overwhelmed  with  a  conviction  of  the  im- 
propriety of  delay  that  he  offered  himself  to  the 
church,  was  received  at  the  water's  edge,  and  bap- 
tized by  Rev.  John  Kerr,  then  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church,  and  "went  on  his  way  rejoicing." 
From  that  day  he  was  a  rigid  adherent  of  the  pe- 
culiar tenets  which  separate  Baptists  from  others, 
and  while  always  charitable,  he  was  ever  decided 
in  maintaining  and  propagating  his  Baptist  prin- 
ciples. 

In  February,  1S27,  he  was  made  a  deacon,  and 
"  used  well"  the  office  up  to  the  day  of  his  death. 
Intelligent,  zealous,  punctual,  devout,  liberal,  and 
firm,  he  loved  the  "old  First  church"  with  rare 


THOMAS 


1310m 


THOMAS 


devotion,  and  was  ever  found  at  the  post  of  duty, 
whether  in  the  Sunday-school,  the  prayer-meeting, 
the  church  conference,  or  the  more  public  services 
of  the  sanctuary.     lie  was  a  rigid  disciplinarian. 

lie  was  deeply  interested  in  benevolent  objects, 
and  especially  in  foreign  missions,  lie  was  a 
member  of  the  Foreign  Mission  Board  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention  from  its  organization, 
and  down  to  a  short  period  before  his  death  he 
was  its  efficient  treasurer,  giving  to  it  gratuitous 
labors  which  were  worth  thousands  of  dollars. 
Not  content  with  mere  official  duty,  he  would  fre- 
quently write  the  missionaries  aSectionate  and 
wise  letters.  Returned  missionaries  always  found 
beneath  his  roof  a  warm  welcome. 

As  a  citizen  and  an  active  business  man,  Mr. 
Thomas  was  lionorcd  and  respected  by  all  who 
knew  him.  As  a  husband,  father,  and  friend,  he 
was  ever  affectionate  and  true,  and  his  home  was 
not  only  adorned  with  all  that  wealth  and  taste 
could  afford,  but  culture  and  piety  reigned  there. 

He  was  "  given  to  hospitality,"  and  never  seemed 
happier  than  when  his  spacious  mansion  was  filled 
with  guests,  and  especially  with  ministers,  in 
whose  society  he  took  peculiar  delight. 

The  saintly  Dr.  James  B.  Taylor,  who  knew  him 
intimately,  said  of  him.  "  Brother  Thomas  was  a 
decided,  reliable  friend.  In  his  statements  he  was 
frank  and  outspoken,  and  while  he  might  some- 
times i\ppear  unduly  blunt  in  his  reproofs,  all  who 
knew  him  saw  beneath  an  apparently  blunt  man- 
ner a  warm,  affectionate  heart." 

lie  had  been  in  failing  health  for  some  time,  but 
his  summons  was  sudden.  Soon  after  retiring  to 
rest  on  the  night  of  May  I,  1861,  the  quick  ear  of 
his  devoted  wife  detected  sounds  of  labored  breath- 
ing, but  before  help  could  be  summoned  he  had 
quietly  fallen  "asleep  in  Jesus."  AVhen  loving 
friends  bore  him  to  the  tomb  a  sad  vacancy  was 
left  in  his  church,  his  home,  the  community,  and 
among  the  Baptists  of  Virginia.  Ilis  memory  will 
lonir  be  precious  among  those  who  knew  hiin. 

Thomas,  James,  Jr.,  was  born  in  Caroline  Co.. 
Va.,  in  1806.  He,  though  not  a  college  graduate, 
has  a  fine  education,  secured  from  early  training, 
extensive  reading,  the  society  of  cultured  persons, 
and  the  constant  exertions  of  a  powerful  and  inquir- 
ing mind,  so  that  he  has  a  marked  place  among  the 
well-informed  business  men  of  Richmond  and  Vir- 
ginia. One  would  infer  from  his  pure  English,  ex- 
tensive information,  and  fine  conversational  powers 
that  he  was  a  college-bred  man. 

Mr.  Thomas's  business  career  has  been  one  of 
indomitable  energy,  high  intelligence,  skillful  man- 
agement, strict  integrity,  and  splendid  success. 

Beginning  business  in  Lynchburg,  A'a.,  he  speed- 
ily found  it  necessary  to  select  a  wider  field  for 
the  exercise  of  his  financial    ability,  and  accord- 


ingly he  removed  to  Richmond,  where  he  soon  be- 
came the  leading  manufiicturer  in  his  business  in 
the  world,  and  introduced  his  numerous  brands  not 
only  all  over  America  but  in  Europe  and  elsewhere. 

Mr.  Tiir)mas's  factories,  which  were  then  the  most 
complete  in  existence,  w^ere  destroyed  by  fire  in 
July,  1853,  but  were  promptly  rebuilt.  His  losses 
during  the  Confederate  occupancy  and  evacuation  of 
Richmond  (by  the  destruction  of  his  buildings  and 
the  derangement  of  his  business)  were  estimated 
at  from  seven  to  eight  hundred  thousand  dollars; 
but  he  went  on  his  career  of  energy  and  success, 
in  no  wise  disheartened  by  these  serious  reverses. 

Mr.  Thomas,  if  he  had  entered  the  legal  pro- 
fession or  politics,  would  have  risen  to  great  dis- 
tinction. With  almost  intuitive  knowledge  of  men 
and  rare  powers  of  perception,  he  combines  keen 
analysis,  rapid  goneralizafion.  discriminating  logic, 
and  the  force  of  character  which  secure  distinction 
and  success  in  statesmanship  and  jurisfirudence. 
As  a  financier  he  would  have  taken  rank  with  the 
best  in  the  land. 

As  a  Christian  and  a  Baptist  Mr.  'J'homas  has 
won  for  himself  a  "good  degree"  in  connection 
with  the  old  First  Baptist  church,  into  whose  fel- 
lowship he  was  Itaptized  bj'  Rev.  John  Kerr. 
Always  an  active  church  member,  punctual  in  his 
attendance  on  the  services  of  the  church  and  at 
its  business  meetings,  a  liberal  contributor  to  its 
support,  a  wise  counselor,  and  an  active  helper  in 
all  of  its  efforts,  Mr.  Thomas  has  been  especially 
a  promoter  of  peace  and  harmony,  and  has  fre- 
quently prevented  serious  alienations  by  his  judi- 
cious personal  efforts.  Besides  generous  pecuniary 
support,  his  pastors  have  always  found  in  him  a 
wise  counselor,  a  sympathizing  friend,  and  a  con- 
stant, never-failing  upholder.  It  is  delightful  to 
watch  him  as  ho  drinks  in  the  gospel,  whether 
from  the  logical  Jeter,  the  impassioned  Burrows, 
the  devout  Warren,  or  the  eloquent  Hawthorne, 
and  it  is  a  privilege  to  talk  with  him  in  private, 
and  find  the  hold  which  the  "doctrines  of  grace" 
have  on  his  mind  and  his  heart.  He  is  a  diligent 
student  of  the  Bil)le,  and  fond  of  conversing  with 
those  competent  to  throw  light  on  the  meaning  of 
passages  of  Scripture.  For  years  before  an  efficient 
teacher,  in  1847  he  succeeded  James  C.  Crane  as 
superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school,  and  filled  the 
office  until  1866  with  marked  ability  and  success, 
the  school  enjoying  during  his  superintendency  the 
highest  degree  of  prosperity  it  has  ever  known. 
As  a  superintendent  he  was  enthusiastic,  patient, 
sagacious,  progressive,  firm,  liberal,  watchful  of 
youthful  talent,  and  in  full  sympathy  with  the 
young.  On  the  very  day,  at  the  very  hour  his  fac- 
tories were  in  flames  he  attended  and  supervised  a 
Sunday-school  picnic,  saying  that  he  had  "given 
his  word"  to  the  children  and  would  not  forfeit  it 


THOMAS 


1310n 


THOMAS 


on  account  of  the  fire.  He  was  almost  the  first  in 
the  South  to  introduce  the  improved  and  more  at- 
tractive music  into  his  Sunday-school,  and  when 
ill  health  compelled  him  reluctantly  to  yield  his 
oflice  the  school  numbered  over  700,  having  grown 
under  his  skillful  uianagement  from  250  pupils. 

Education  has  had  in  Mr.  Thomas  a  warm  friend 
and  liberal  supporter.  The  Richmond  Female 
Institute  was  founded  largely  through  his  exer- 
tions and  aid.  Richmond  College  is  indebted  to 
him  more  than  to  any  other  man  for  its  great  use- 
fulness. He  is  the  oldest  living  trustee,  presides 
over  .the  board,  has  endowed  a  professorship,  which 
bears  his  name,  and  in  all  its  struggles  has  been  a 
cheerful  and  munificent  contributor  to  the  college. 
The  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary  in  its 
chequered  career  has  never  appealed  to  him  in 
vain.  A  score  of  young  men  and  women  have 
been  educated  through  his  unknown  benefactions. 
Many  young  preachers  have  had  hours  of  gloom 
cheered  and  brightened  by  his  timely  help.  'His 
private  gifts,  unrecorded  and  often  unsuspected, 
are  like  a  perennial  stream.  The -poor  of  his 
church  have  rested  heavily  on  his  heart,  and  the 
injunction  to  remember  them  has  not  been  forgotten 
in  creed  or  in  practice. 

It  is  in  the  home  circle  that  Mr.  Thomas  appears 
probably  to  the  greatest  advantage,  as  his  domestic 
attachments  are  unusually  strong:  His  house  for 
years  has  been  renowned  for  "  old  Virginia  hospi- 
tality," and  thousands  have  found  under  his  roof 
genial  cheer  and  cordial  welcome.  His  large  fam- 
ily, consisting  for  many  years  of  one  son,  Wm. 
D.  Thomas,  D.D.,  and  seven  accomplished  daugh- 
ters, is  the  model  of  a  happy  home  circle,  where 
parents  and  children  and  grandchildren  live  in  the 
fellowship  and  unreserve  of  mutual  confidence  and 
unbroken  love.  It  is  due  to  truth  and  justice  to 
add  that  much  of  this  harmony  and  affection  is  to 
be  ascribed  to  the  pious,  discreet,  unselfish,  loving 
wife,  the  daughter  of  Deacon  Richard  Northam, 
who  has  walked  by  his  side  as  companion  and 
friend  for  forty  years,  and  who  has  been  a  strong 
but  quiet  and  beneficent  force  in  the  life  of  this 
successful  and  useful  man. 

Thomas,  William  D,,  D,D.>  son  of  James 
Thomas,  Jr.,  of  Richmond,  was  born  in  Caroline 
Co.,  Va.,  in  1833. 

Prepared  for  college  at  good  schools  in  Richmond, 
he  was  always  a  diligent  student,  entered  Richmond 
College  well  advanced,  and  graduated  with  high 
distinction.  From  it  he  went  to  the  University  of 
Virginia,  and,  after  diligent  study,  won  the  degree 
of  Master  of  Arts,  which  has  been  regarded  as  the 
highest  evidence  of  real  sciiolarship  conferred  by 
any  college  in  the  country.  He  was  pronounced 
by  his  professors  one  of  the  best  graduates  they 
had  ever  sent  out. 


Reared  by  pious  parents  and  in  the  efficient  Sun- 
day-school of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Richmond, 
Dr.  Thomas  had  early  religious  impressions,  and 
during  a  great  revival  in  which  Dr.  Richard  Fuller 
assisted  the  pastor.  Dr.  Jeter,  he  was  converted. 
Owing  to  the  sickness  of  Dr.  Jeter,  he  was  baptized 
by  Dr.  Fuller.  Coming  into  the  kingdom  under 
the  impress  of  two  such  men  as  Jeter  and  Fuller, 
having  the  guidance  of  pious  friends,  and  having 
both  at  Richmond  College  and  the  University  of 
Vii'ginia  the  best  influences  thrown  around  him,  he 
was  a  consistent  Christian,  and  had  from  time  to 
time  serious  convictions  in  reference  to  entering  the 
gospel  ministry. 

After  leaving  the  university  he  read  law  for  a  year 
with  an  eminent  lawyer  of  Richmond,  but  at  the  ex- 
piration of  that  time  he  decided  that  it  was  his  duty 
to  preach,  and  promptly  laid  aside  his  law  books. 

Soon  afterwards  he  was  ordained,  and  became 
pastor  of  Mount  Carmel  church,  Caroline  Co., 
where  he  at  once  won  a  reputation  as  a  preacher 
and  a  wai-m  place  in  the  affections  of  his  people. 

In  October,  1857,  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  church 
at  Warren-ton,  Va.,  in  which  he  labored  until  the 
spring  of  1862,  when  the  tide  of  war  rolled  over 
his  home ;  his  church  was  taken  for  a  hospital,  and 
he  retired  inside  the  Confederate  lines. 

While  in  Warrenton  he  was  also  for  a  time  pas- 
tor of  Broad  Run  church,  in  Fauquier,  and  Blue 
Run,  in  Orange  County.  . 

Dr.  Thomas's  pastorate  in  AVarrenton  was  very 
useful  in  adding  to  the  numbers  and  efficiency  of 
the  church,  in  building  a  new  and  beautiful  house 
of  worship,  in  establishing  a  flourishing  female 
institute,  and  in  generally  building  up  the  cause 
throughout  that  region. 

In  1864  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  church  at 
Greenville,  S.  C,  the  then  location  of  the  Southern 
Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  and  remained  in 
this  pastorate' until  October,  1871,  when  he  accepted 
a  call  to  the  Freemason  Street  church,  Norfolk. 
Having  in  his  congregation  at  Greenville  the  pro- 
fessors and  students  of  the  seminary,  and  of  Fur- 
man  University,  Dr.  Thomas  preached  to  one  of  the 
most  cultivated  congregations  in  the  country,  and 
yet  he  so  fully  met  the  demand  upon  him,  that  Dr. 
John  A.  Broadus  fitly  voiced  the  general  sentiment 
when  he  said,  in  a  recent  editorial  in  the  Religious 
Herald,  "  I  jat  under  Dr.  Thomas's  ministry  for 
seven  years,  and  should  be  more  than  delighted  if 
I  could  enjoy  that  privilege  for  seven  j-ears  more." 

From  October,  1871,  to  August,  1881,  Dr. 
Thomas  served  the  church  in  Norfolk  with  an  un- 
tiring industry'  and  zeal,  a  wise  discretion,  and  a 
marked  ability,  which  left  his  impress  on  the 
church  and  the  community,  and  caused  deep  grief 
when,  in  August,  1881,  he  resigned  to  accept  a 
professorship  in  Richmond  College. 


TURPIN 


1310o 


WHITING 


Taken  as  a  whole,  Dr.  Thomas's  pastorate  in 
Norfolk  was  one  of  the  most  successful  known  in 
Virginia,  not  simply  in  bringing  members  into  the 
church,  hut  in  training  them  for  efficiency  in  every 
department  of  church  work.  Indeed,  each  of  his 
pastorates  has  l)een  successful,  and  he  has  always 
been  able  to  win  the  warm  affection  as  well  as  the 
enthusiastic  admiration  of  his  people.  Dr.  TJiomas 
is  regarded  by  competent  judges  as  an  able,  clear, 
and  powerful  preacher  of  the  gospel.  As  a  plat- 
form speaker  he  is  very  effective,  as  a  debater  he 
has  few  equals,  and  is  considered  fully  able  to  sus- 
tain himself  against  all  com|)ctitors. 

Earnest  in  his  manner,  clear  as  a  sunbeam  in  his 
statements,  closely  logical  in  his  arguments,  cour- 
teous to  his  opponents,  yet  incisive  in  his  rejoin- 
ders, Dr.  Thomas's  points  are  always  well  taken, 
and  maintained  with  the  skill  of  a  trained  jiolemic 
and  the  power  of  a  great  thinker,  and  those  who 
have  witnessed  his  debates  with  such  men  as  Drs. 
Jeter  and  Poindexter,  Governor  Jos.  E.  Brown,  and 
others  of  our  "giants,"  have,  without  hesitation, 
placed  him  in  the  front  rank  of  our  debaters. 

lie  was  unanimously  elected  to  the  chair  he  now 
fills  in  Richmond  College,  because  the  trustees  saw 
in  his  native  intellect,  fine  attainments,  studious 
habits,  and  high  character  just  the  qualities  needed, 
and  the  several  months  he  has  been  in  the  profes- 
sorship have  shown  him  to  be  a  fine  lecturer  and 
an  admirable  teacher. 

Reared  in  afiiuence.  Dr.  Thomas  has  never  spared 
himself,  but  by  his  constant  hard  work  has  richly 
merited  the  place  he  has  secured  among  our  accom- 
plished scholars  and  able  preachers. 

Turpin,  Rev.  John  Broadus,  was  bom  in 

Henrico  Co.,  Va.,  Sept.  28,  1848,  and  reared  in 
Richmond,  whither  his  parents  removed  soon  after 
his  birtli. 

He  enjoyed  the  advantages  of  a  refined  Christian 
home,  had  early  religious  impi-essions,  and  in  the 
autumn  of  1863  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of 
the  Leigh  Street  Baptist  church  by  the  Rev.  Dr. 
J.  B.  Solomon.  In  October,  1867,  he  entered  Rich- 
mond College,  where  he  was  a  successful  student, 
graduating  with  the  degree  of  M.A.  in  the  summer 
of  1870. 

In  October,  1870,  he  entered  the  Law  School  of 
Richmond  College,  then  under  the  able  conduct  of 
Judge  Ilalyburton,  Wm.  Green,  LL.D.,  and  J.  L. 
M.  Curry,  LL.D.,  and  graduated  with  the  degree  of 
B.L.  in  the  summer  of  1871.  He  was  at  once  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  of  Richmond,  and  entered  enthu- 
siastically upon  his  chosen  profession  with  every 
prospect  of  finding  "room  at  the  top."  But  the 
Lord  called  him  into  the  gospel  ministry,  to  which 
he  was  ordained  at  Leigh  Street  church  in  dune, 
1873.  Soon  after  he  took  charge  of  the  Black 
Walnut  and   Halifax  Court-House   churches,  and 


has  since  devoted  his  whole  time  to  [)roaching  the 
gospel. 

On  Nov.  13,  1873,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Susan 
Lamar  Curry  (only  daughter  of  Dr.  J.  L.  M.  Curry), 
whose  devoted  piety  and  untiring  zeal  won  for  her 
the  love  of  all  with  wiiom  she  came  in  contact,  and 
exerted  an  influence  in  promoting  the  success  of 
her  husband  which  cannot  be  measured.  This 
noble  Christian  woman  died  Jan.  7,  1881. 

Mr.  Turpin  accepted  the  call  of  the  Warren  ton 
church  in  January,  1879,  and  has  just  completed 
three  years  of  most  encouragitig  work. 

"  As  a  preacher,  he  is  quiet  and  dignified  in 
manner,  studious  and  faithful  in  the  production  of 
his  sermons,  and  solemn  and  tender  in  his  delivery, 
lie  has  gentleness  without  effeminacy,  humility 
combined  with  courage,  and  self-reliance  without 
conceit,  lie  is  steadily  growing,  and  will,  if  spared, 
be  richly  useful  in  the  ministry. 

"  Brother  Turpin  will  disappoint  many  expecta- 
tions if  he  does  not  become  one  of  our  most  effective 
men.  With  the  advantages  of  a  good  mind,  rich 
culture,  and  a  host  of  loving  friends  to  cheer  him 
on,  he  must  do  well.  The  gates  of  golden  opportu- 
nities are  open  before  him."  His  past  record  pre- 
dicts large  coming  successes. 

Wells,  Rev.  Richard,  was  bom  in  Richmond, 
Va.,  Aug.  3,  1827.  He  united  with  the  church  in 
1846,  and  commenced  to  preach  in  1851.  He  re- 
mained a  slave  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  be- 
came pastor  of  a  Baptist  church  in  Manchester, 
Va,,  in  August,  18t')r).  About  500  members  were 
added  to  this  church  during  a  pastorate  of  five 
years.  He  took  charge  of  the  Ebenczer  Baptist 
church,  Richmond,  in  1870,  This  church,  under 
his  judicious  leadership,  has  reached  a  membership 
of  over  1500.  For  a  while  Mr.  AVells  was  a  stu- 
dent of  the  Richmond  Institute.  He  is  a  good 
pastor,  a  hard  student,  an  eloquent  preacher,  and  a 
wise  and  trusted  leader. 

Whiting,  Rev.  Samuel  M.,  was  born  in  Sutton, 
JIass.,  June  25,  1825,  graduated  from  Trinity  Col- 
lege, Hartford,  in  1846,  and  from  Newton  Theologi- 
cal Seminary  in  1850,  He  was  ordained  May  8, 1850, 
in  the  First  Baptist  church,  Hartford,  and  was  mar- 
ried the  next  day  to  Miss  Mary  Elizabeth  Flint,  of 
that  city.  In  June  following  they  sailed  from 
Boston  for  Assam,  India,  as  missionaries  of  the 
American  Baptist  Missionary  Union,  and  arrived 
at  Gowahati,  Assam,  in  April,  1851. 

His  missionary  service  in  India  covers  a  period 
of  a  little  over  ten  years,  a  decade  rendered  re- 
markable in  the  history  of  our  mission  by  tiie  en- 
largement of  missionary  operations  and  the  tri- 
umphs of  the  cross  over  the  powers  of  heathenism. 
Mr.  Whiting  was  qualified  by  natural  endowments, 
culture,  learning,  piety,  and  zeal  to  enter  into  and 
help  forward  this  aggressive  work.     He  translated 


WIGHTMAN 


1310P 


WILLIAMS 


large  portions  of  the  Old  Testament  from  Hebrew 
into  Assamese,  a  work  which  reflects  great  credit 
upon  his  accurate  scholarship.  He  was  successful 
as  pastor  and  preacher,  as  teacher  and  translator, 
as  editor  and  financier,  proving  liimself  equal  to 
all  these  high  trusts.  For  four  year§  he  took 
charge  of  the  printing  establishment,  and  for  two 
years  he  had  the  whole  charge  of  the  mission  at 
Sibsagor.' 

He  was  greatly  beloved  by  liis  missionary  asso- 
ciates and  the  native  Christians,  and  trusted  and 
honored  by  the  executive  officers  of  the  American 
Baptist  Missionary  Union.  He  did  a  great  work 
for  Assam,  and  left  behind  him  there  a  name  and  an 
influence  that  will  live  in  all  coming  time.  He  re- 
turned to  this  country  in  1861,  and  entered  at  once 
into  earnest  work  for  the  Master.  For  seven  years 
he  was  the  successful  pastor  of  the  church  in  Col- 
chester, Vt.  While  there  he  performed  a  large 
amount  of  varied  and  useful  work  in  the  New 
Hampton  Institute  at  Fairfax,  and  in  the  various 
religious  organizations  of  the  State.  He  was  very 
highly  esteemed  in  ministerial  circles  beyond  the 
Baptist  denomination,  and  was  pronounced  by  the 
best  judges  in  Vermont  the  foremost  Hebrew  scholar 
in  the  State.  He  was  as  modest  and  unassuming  as 
he  was  profound  in  scholarship. 

For  four  years  he  was  pastor  of  the  ancient  and 
venerable  church  in  AVindsor,  Vt.  From  which 
he  was  called  to  Fair  Haven,'  Conn.,  where  he 
found  the  church  without  a  house  of  worship. 
While  looking  faithfully  after  the  spiritual  inter- 
ests of  the  people,  he  succeeded  in  erecting  their 
present  beautiful  church  edifice  on  Grand  Street. 
The  spiritual  interests  of  the  Church  were  also 
greatly  built  up  under  his  ministry. 

In  the  midst  of  these  abundant  labors  his  health 
gave  way,  and  he  was  forced  to  retire  from  the 
active  ministry  of  the  Word.  He  veraoved  to  New 
Haven,  an  invalid  in  steadily  failing  health,  where 
he  died  Feb.  21,  1878. 

He  was  a  devoted  Christian  and  a  most  faithful 
minister.  His  memory  is  fragrant  in  the  recol- 
lection of  thousands. 

Wightman,  Rev.  Jesse,  son  of  Rev.  Timothy 

Wightman,  of  Groton,  Conn.,  was  ordained  pastor 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  AVest  Springfield, 
located  at  Agawam,  Sept.  28,  1790.  The  church, 
consisting  of  eleven  members,  was  organized  in 
June  of  the  same  year.  He  held  the  pastoral  office 
up  to  the  day  of  his  death,  which  occurred  Sept. 
20,  1817,  a  period  of  twenty-seven  years.  He  was 
a  man  of  great  personal  worth  and  distinguished 
usefulness.  The  sweet  .savor  of  his  name  still 
lingers  (1844)  among  the  descendants  of  his  former 
charge. 

Williams,  Rev.  W.  B.,  was  bom  Feb.  12, 1843,  in 
Halifax  Co,,  Ya.    He  studied  theology  at  the  South- 


ern Baptist  Tlieological  Seminary,  and  afterwards  at 
Crozer,  and  is  now  one  of  the  most  useful  pastors  in 
Virginia.  As  an  evangelist  and  as  an  active  worker 
in  enterprises  of  general  benevolence,  he  is  honored 
far  and  wide.  Full  of  wisdom,  and  firmly  adhering 
in  practice  as  well  as  in  theory  to  the  doctrine  of 
the  final  perseverance  of  the  saints,  Mr.  AVilliams 
inspires  joy  and  hope  in  many  hearts. 

Williams,  Rev.  Wm.  Harrison,  is  a  native  of 

Richmond,  Va.  At  an  early  age  he  made  a  profes- 
sion of  religion,  and  was  baptized  by  Dr.  B.  Manly, 
Jr.,  and  received  into  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
Richmond,  in  March,  18.54.  While  a  student  of 
Richmond  College  he  received,  April  25,  1858,  a 
license  to  preach  the  gospel.  He  graduated  in  July, 
1861,  with  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts.     AVith  a 


REV.    WM.    HARRISON    WILLIAMS. 

superior  education,  fine  talents  for  business,  and 
excellent  opportunities  for  engaging  in  secular  pur- 
suits, he  persisted  in  his  purpose  of  preaching  the 
gospel.  He  entered  the  Southern  Baptist  Theolog- 
ical Seminary  at  Greenville,  S.  C,  in  the  beginning 
of  September,  1861,  and  continued  one  session,  the 
course  being  interrupted  by  the  civil  war.  During 
the  greater  part  of  that  conflict  he  served  as  an 
army  chaplain  in  the  field,  and  as  a  chaplain  of 
AVinder  Hospital,  Richmond,  A''a.  He  was  ord.ained 
to  the  ministry  Doc.  13,  1863. 

jNIr.  AA'illiams's  first  pastorate  was  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Fredericksburg,  A^a.,  beginning  in  July, 
1865.  Here  he  continued  some  fourteen  months, 
regathering  the  scattered  members,  reorganizing 
the  church,  and  rebuilding  the  house  of  worship. 


WILLIAMS 


1310Q 


WILLIAMS 


"The  labors  of  Mr.  AV^illianis  in  Fredericksburg 
were  efficient  and  successful." 

Anxious  to  complete  his  interrupted  theological 
course,  Mr.  Williams  resigned  his  charge  at  Fred- 
ericksburg in  September,  1S6C,  and  re-entered  the 
Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary.  He  con- 
tinued his  studies  here  for  two  sessions,  and  in  May, 
1868,  received  his  diploma  as  "full  graduate  of  the 
seminary." 

In  October,  1808,  Mr.  AVilliams  accepted  a  call 
to  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
('harlcston,  S.  C,  and  entered  upon  his  duties  as 
pastor,  but  soon  after,  to  the  great  regret  of  the 
people,  he  removed  from  the  city  to  secure  a  more 
hopeful  field. 

He  took  charge  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Staunton, 
Va.,  in  September,  1869.  During  this  pastorate  of 
less  than  two  years  tlie  Sunday-school  was  trebled 
in  numbers,  and  there  was  a  large  increase  in  the 
membership  of  the  church.  The  period  was  also 
marked  by  the  establishment  of  a  Baptist  Female 
College  under  Prof.  John  Hart,  one  of  Virginia's 
most  distinguished  (iducators.  It  was  felt  in  Staun- 
ton that  a  master-hand  had  been  at  work  in  the 
Baptist  church,  and  that  there  was  abundant  cause 
for  gratitude  to  God  for  the  labors  of  such  a  minis- 
ter as  their  pastor. 

In  January.  1872,  he  became  pastor  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  at  Tuscaloosa,  Ala.  Of  his  work  in 
Tuscaloosa,  J.  II.  Foster,  D.D.,  professor  in  the 
University  of  Alabama,  speaks  as  follows : 

"  Ilis  first  sermon  was  received  with  universal 
gratification.  Its  matter  and  manner  left  no  one 
in  doubt  about  the  character  of  the  preaching  we 
were  to  expect,  and  it  proved  a  fair  sample  of  those 
that  were  to  follow.  Some  weeks  afterwards,  an 
old  and  devotedly  pious  deacon,  of  high  intelli- 
gence and  rich  experience,  said,  '  That  preaching 
will  do  good.  It  is  full  of  the  marrow  of  the  gospel, 
and  has  an  unction  from  above.  God  will  bless  it.' 
This  utterance  impresses  me  as  a  judicious  and 
truthful  criticism,  and  subsequent  developments 
confirnied  the  inferences  expressed. 

•'^Ir.  Williams  was  already  a  man  of  enlarged  and 
liberal  culture.  But  fully  appreciating  the  grow- 
ing demands  of  our  people  for  careful  pulpit  prepa- 
ration, he  applied  himself  assiduously,  not  only  to 
such  studies  as  might  directly  illuminate  the  themes 
of  his  discourses,  but  also  to  those  that  might  en- 
large and  intensify  his  -conceptions  of  the  broad 
and  sure  foundations,  and  the  systematic  super- 
structure of  the  Christian  system.  Withal  he  gave 
no  little  attention  to  current  and  standard  litera- 
ture. This  varied  study  was  all  brought  to  bear 
upon  his  chosen  work ;  and  he  evinced  a  gradual 
and  steady  growth,  increasing  breadth  of  thought, 
and  greater  fertility  and  variety  of  illustration. 
Ilis  public  services,  therefore,  throughout  his  whole 


pastorate  of  nearly  six  years,  grew  more  and  more 
attractive. 

"  In  the  doctrines  and  practices  that  distinguish 
Baptists  he  was  orthodox,  outspoken,  and  firm, 
without  being  offensive  to  any  who  entertained 
different  views.  He  cherished  and  manifested  a 
conservative  Christian  spirit,  a  spirit  of  love  to  all 
Christians,  which  endeared  him  to  the  pastors  and 
members  of  churches  of  other  denominations,  and 
gave  him  influence  with  them. 

"  Ilis  genial  intercourse  with  the  young  of  both 
sexes  won  for  him  their  confidence  and  esteem, 
and  greatly  increased  his  power  to  do  them  good. 
During  a  large  proportion  of  his  pastorate  he 
maintained,  by  the  consent  of  all  concerned,  a  vol- 
untary connection  with  the  Alabama  Central  Fe- 
male College,  as  instructor  in  mental  and  moral 
philosophy  and  English  literature,  that  he  might 
tlie  better  exert  a  salutary  influence  over  the  pupils 
of  the  school.  The  Sunday-school  children  always 
enjoyed  his  frequent  addresses  to  them.  In  the 
seasons  of  revival,  with  which  our  church  was 
several  times  blessed,  a  very  large  proportion  of 
the  additions  made  to  our  number  was  fron*  the 
ranks  of  the  young. 

"  In  all  our  Associational,  district,  and  Sunday- 
school  nieetings  the  presence  of  Mr.  Williams  was 
hailed  with  joy,  and  the  part  he  bore  in  important 
discussions  in  those  bodies  will  be  long  and  grate- 
fully remembered.  He  rendered  frequent  and  effi- 
cient aid  to  the  pastors  of  neighboring  churches  in 
their  protracted  meetings,  and  in  all  this  region 
ilis  memory  is  still  cherished  as  a  faithful  and  de- 
voted pastor,  an  humble  and  consecrated  man  of 
God,  and  an  able  minister  of  the  New  Testament.'' 

In  November,  1877,  Mr.  Williams  took  charge  of 
the  Baptist  church  at  Charlottesville,  Va.  This  is 
regarded  as  a  specially  important  post,  because  of 
its  immediate  vicinity  to  the  University  of  Virginia. 
The  pastorate  continues  at  this  date  (February, 
1882),  and  the  writer,  who  has  been  a  member  of 
his  church  during  these  past  four  years,  and  en- 
joyed intimate  personal  relations  with  Mr.  Wil- 
liams, desires  to  repeat  for  the  Charlottesville  pas- 
torate all  the  good  words  said  above  by  Dr.  Foster 
respecting  the  Tuskaloosa  pastorate.  He  must  add, 
however,  what  Dr.  Foster  should  not  have  omitted, 
that  Mr.  Williams's  attainments  and  efficiency  have 
been  greatly  enhanced  by  the  influence  of  a  noble 
Christian  wife.  Dr.  Jeter  used  to  say  that  if  he 
could  be  a  little  boy  again,  he  would  like  to  have 
Mrs.  Williams  for  his  mother. 

It  is  the  earnest  and  unanimous  desire  of  its 
members  that  Mr.  AV'illiams  should  continue  in 
charge  of  our  church  indefinitely,  for  his  pastorate 
has  been  marked  by  a  steady  growth  in  the  number 
and  piety  of  the  membership,  and  by  its  increased 
activity  and  liberality  in  all  Christian  benevolences. 


YARBROUGH 


13I0r 


YARBROUGH 


It  is  not,  however,  merely  in  Charlottesville  and 
vicinity  that  his  influence  is  felt  and  his  worth 
appreciated.  Throughout  the  State  he  is  highly 
esteemed  as  one  of  the  ablest  and  l)est  of  the  Vir- 
ginia Baptist  ministers. 

Yarbrough,  Rev.  Thomas  Scott,  was  Ijorn  in 
1827  in  Caswell  Co.,  N.  C.  lie  was  baptized  Oct. 
20,  1846,  by  Rev.  J.  J.  James,  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  Milton  church.  He  was  licensed  to  preach 
Nov.  17,  1849.  He  was  ordained  to  the  ministry 
at  the  Beulah  Association  in  Person  Co.,  K.  C,  in 
August,  1852. 


He  died  in  November,  1860,  in  Chatham  Co  , 
N.  C.  He  was  agent  for  some  time  of  the  North 
Carolina  Baptist  State  Convention.  He  raised  an 
excellent  seminary  at  Mount  Vernon  Springs,  Chat- 
ham Co.,  N.  C. 

He  was  a  great  mechanic.  When  fifteen  he  made 
a  saw-mill  without  any  instruction,  which  ran  well 
for  many  years.  Few  men  did  more  good  for  eight 
years  than  Mr.  Yarbrough.  His  death  was  a  pub- 
lic cahimity.  His  influence  will  nev.er  die,  and 
thousands  for  years  to  come  will  mourn  his  early 
departure. 


APPENDIX. 


THE   PHILADELPHIA  CONFESSION  OF  FAITH. 


F  A 


I.  Op  the  IIoi.y  Scripti'rks. — 1.  Tho  Holy  Scripture  is 
the  only  sufficient,  certain,  ami  infallible  rule  of  all-saving 
knowledge,  faith,  and 
obedience :  although 
the  light  of  nature, 
and  the  works  of  crea- 
tion and  providence 
do  so  far  manifest  tho 
goodness,  wisdom,  and 
power  of  God  as  to 
leave  men  unexcusn- 
ble;  yet  are  they  not 
sufficient  to  give  that 
knowledge  of  God  ami 
his  will  which  is  neces- 
sary unto  salvation. 
Therefore  it  pleased 
the  Lord  at  sundry 
times,  and  in  divers 
manners,  to  reveal 
himself,  and  to  declare 
that  his  will  unto  his 
church ;  and  after- 
ward, for  the  better 
preserving  and  propa- 
gating of  the  truth, 
and  for  the  more  sure 
establishment  and 
comfort  of  the  church 
against  the  corruption 
of  the  flesh,  and  the 
malice  of  Satan  and  of 
the  world,  to  commit 
the  same  wholly  unto 
writing;  which  maketh 
the  Holy  Scriptures  to 
be  most  necessary, 
those  former  ways  of 
God's  revealing  his 
will  unto  his  people 
being  now  ceased. 

2.  Under  the  name 
of  Holy  Scripture,  or 
the  Word  of  (iod  writ- 
ten, are  now  contained 
all  the  books  of  the 
Old  and  New  Testa- 
ment, which  are  these : 


A 

CONF  ESSION 

O  F 

I  T  H, 

Put  forth  by  the 

Elders  and  Brethren 

Of  many 

Congregations 

O  F 

c  H  R  I  sr  I  J  N  s 

(Baptized  upon  ProfefTion  of  their  Faith) 
In  London  and  the  Cowz/ry. 

Adopted  by  the  Baptift  Association 

w;^/^^  Philadelphia,  Sept. 25.  1742, 

The  Sixth  Edition. 

To  v.hich   arc  ajded. 

Two  Articles  viz.  Of  Impofition  of  Hands, 
and  Singing  of  Pfahns  in  Publick  Woifliip. 

Also 

A  Short  Treatife  of  Church  Difcipline. 

lV:!h  the  Heart    Alau  Lelicieth    unto  Rigbteoufitefs,    and  luitb  tie 

Alc-Jth  C'jvfejjl'.r.  is  madt  unto  Sal-vation,  Rom.  10.  20. 
Zc^Tch  tit  Scriptuics,  John   5.  39. 

Philadelphia  :  Printed  by  B.  Franklin, 

T/I,DCC,XLiri. 


2  Samuel,  1   Kings,  2  Kings,  1  Chronicles,  2  Chronicles, 
Ezra,  Nchemiah,   Esther,  Job,  Psalms,    Proverbs,    Eccle- 

siastes.  The  Song  of 
Songs,  Isaiah,  Jere- 
miah, Lamentations, 
Ezekiel,  Daniel,  llosea, 
Joel,  Amos,  Obadiah, 
Jonah,  Micali,Naluim, 
Ilabakkuk,  Zephan- 
iah,  Haggai,  Zecha- 
riah,  Malachi. 

Of  the  New  Testa- 
ment, Matthew,  Ma»k, 
Luke,  John,  The  Acts 
of  the  Apostles,  Paul's 
Epistle  to  the  Romans, 
1  Corinthians,  2  Cor- 
inthians, Galatians, 
Ephcsians,  Philippi- 
ans,  Colossiuns,  1  Thes- 
salonians,  2  Thessalo- 
nians,  I  Timothy,  2 
Timothy,  to  Titus,  to 
Philemon,  the  Epistle 
to  the  Hebrews,  the 
Epistle  of  James,  the 
first  and  second  Epis- 
tles of  Peter,  the  first, 
second,  and  third  Epis- 
tles of  John,  the  Epis- 
tle of  Judc,  the  Reve- 
lation. All  which  are 
given  by  the  inspira- 
tion of  God  to  be  the 
rule  of  faith  and  life. 
3.  Tho  books  com- 
monly called  Apoc- 
rypha, not  being  of 
divine  inspiration,  are 
no  part  of  the  canon 
(or  rule)  of  the  Scrip- 
ture, and  therefore  are 
of  no  authority  to  the 
church  of  God,  nor  to 
be  any  otherwise  ap- 
proved, or  made  use 
of,  than  other  human 


FAC-SIMILE  OF  THE  TITLE-l'AGE  OF  THE  PHILADELPHIA 
CONFESSION  OF  FAITH,  ADOPTED  BY  THE  PHILADELPHIA 
BAPTIST  ASSOCIATION,  SEPTEMBEK  25,  1742,  AND  PRINTED 
BY   BENJAMIN    FIl.XNKLIX  IN   174:!. 


writings. 

Of    the   Old    Testament,— licnesis,    E.xodus,    Leviticus,  I       4.  The  authority  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,   for  which  it 
Numbers,  Deuteronomy,  Joshua,  Judges,  Ruth,  1  Samuel,  I  ought  to  be  believed,  dependeth  not  upon  the  testimony  of 

1311 


131: 


APPEynix. 


any  man  or  church,  but  wholly  upon  God  (who  is  Truth 
itself),  the  author  thereof;  therefore  it  is  to  be  received, 
because  it  is  the  Word  of  God. 

5.  AVe  may  be  moved  and  induced  by  the  testimony  of  the 
cfurch  of  God  to  an  high  and  reverent  esteem  of  the  Holy 
Scriptures;  and  the  heavenliness  of  the  matter,  the  efficacy 
of  the  doctrine,  and  the  majesty  of  the  style,  the  consent 
of  all  the  parts,  the  scope  of  the  whole  (which  is  to  give 
all  glory  to  God),  the  full  discovery  it  makes  of  the  only 
way  of  man's  salvation,  and  many  other  incomparable  ex- 
cellencies, and  entire  perfections  thereof,  are  arguments 
whereby  it  doth  abundantly  evidence  itself  to  be  the  Word 
of  God;  yet,  notwithstanding  our  full  persuasion,  and  as- 
surance of  the  infallible  truth,  and  divine  authority  there- 
of, is  from  the  inward  work  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  bearing 
witness  by  and  with  the  AVord  in  our  hearts. 

6.  The  whole  counsel  of  God  concerning  all  things  neces- 
sary for  his  own  glory,  man"s  salvation,  faith  and  life,  is 
either  expressly  set  down,  or  necessarily  contained  in  the 
Holy  Scripture;  unto  which  nothing  is  at  any  time  to  be 
added,  whether  by  new  revelation  of  the  Spirit  or  tradi- 
tions of  men. 

Nevertheless,  we  acknowledge  the  inward  illumination 
of  the  Spirit  of  God  to  be  necessary  for  the  saving  under- 
standing of  such  things  as  are  revealed  in  the  Word,  and 
that  there  are  some  circumstances  concerning  the  worship 
of  God  and  government  of  the  church  common  to  human 
actions  and  societies,  which  are  to  be  ordered  by  the  light 
of  nature  and  Christian  prudence,  according  to  the  general 
rules  of  the  Woid,  which  are  always  to  be  observed. 

7.  All  things  in  Scripture  are  not  alike  plain  in  them- 
selves, nor  alike  clear  unto  all,  yet  those  things  which  are 
necessary  to  be  known,  believed,  and.  observed  for  salva- 
tion, are  so  clearly  propounded  and  opened  in  some  place 
of  Scripture  or  other,  that  not  only  the  learned,  but  the  un- 
learned, in  a  due  use  of  ordinary  means,  may  attain  to  a 
sufficient  understanding  of  them. 

8.  The  Old  Testament  in  Hebrew  (which  was  the  native 
language  of  the  people  of  God  of  old),  and  the  New  Testa- 
ment in  Greek,  which  (at  the  time  of-writing  it)  was  most 
generally  known  to  the  nations,  being  immediately  inspired 
by  God,  and,  by  his  singular  care  and  providence,  kept 
pure  in  all  ages,  are  therefore  authentieal^  so  as  in  all  con- 
troversies of  religion  the  church  is  finally  to  appeal  unto 
them.  But  because  these  original  tongues  are  not  known 
to  all  the  people  of  God  who  have  a  right  unto,  and  interest 
in,  the  Scriptures,  and  are  commanded,  in  the  fear  of  God. 
to  read  and  search  them,  therefore  they  are  to  be  trans- 
lated into  the  vulgar  language  of  every  nation  unto  which 
they  come,  that  the  Word  of  (iod,  dwelling  plentifully  in 
all,  they  may  worship  him  in  an  accejitable  manner,  and, 
tlirough  patience  and  comfort  <if  the  Scriptures,  may 
hope. 

9.  The  infallible  rule  of  interpretation  of  Scripture  is  the 
Scripture  itself:  and  therefore,  when  there  is  a  question 
about  the  true  and  full  sense  of  any  Scripture  (which 
is  not  manifold,  but  one),  it  must  be  searclied  by  other 
places  that  speak  more  clearly. 

10.  The  supreme  judge  by  which  all  controversies  of  re- 
ligion are  to  be  determined,  and  all  decrees  of  councils, 
opinions  of  ancient  writers,  doctrines  of  men,  and  private 
spirits  are  to  bo  e.vamined,  and  in  whose  sentence  we  arc 
to  rest,  can  be  no  other  but  the  Holy  Scripture  delivered 
by  the  Spirit,  into  which  Scripture,  so  delivered,  our  faith 
is  finally  resolved. 


II.  Of  God  ANDOF  THE  Holy  Tkinitv. — 1.  The  Lord  our 

God  is  but  one  only  living  and  true  God  ;  whose  subsistence 
is  in  and  of  himself,  infinite  in  being  and  perfection,  whose 
essence  cannot  be  comprehended  by  any  but  himself;  a 
most  pure  Spirit,  invisible,  without  body,  parts,  or  passions, 
who  only  hath  immortality,  dwelling  in  the  light  which 
no  man  can  approach  unto,  who  is  immutable,  immense, 
eternal,  incomprehensible,  almighty,  every  way  infinite, 
most  holy,  most  wise,  most  free,  most  absolute,  working 
all  things  according  to  the  counsel  of  his  own  immutable 
and  most  righteous  will  for  his  own  glory,  most  loving, 
gracious,  merciful,  long-suffering,  abundant  in  goodne.-'s 
and  truth,  forgiving  iniquity,  transgression,  and  sin,  the 
rewarder  of  them  that  diligentlj-  seek  him,  and  withal 
most  just,  and  terrible  in  his  judgments,  hating  all  sin, 
and  will  by  no  means  clear  the  guilty. 

2.  God  having  all  life,  glory,  goodness,  blessedness,  in 
and  of  himself,  is  alone  in,  and  unto  himself  all-sufficient, 
not  standing  in  need  of  any  creature  which  he  hath  made, 
nor  deriving  any  glory  from  them,  but  only  manifesting 
his  own  glory  in,  by,  unto,  and  upon  them,  he  is  the  alone 
fountain  of  all  being,  of  whom,  through  whom,  and  to 
whom  are  all  things,  and  he  hath  most  sovereign  domin- 
ion over  all  creatures,  to  do  by  them,  for  them,  or  upon 
them,  whatsoever  himself  pleaseth;  in  his  sight  all  things 
are  open  and  manifest,  his  knowledge  is  infinite,  infallible, 
and  independent  upon  the  creature,  so  as  nothing  is  to 
him  contiligent  or  uncertain :  he  is  most  holy  in  all  his 
counsels,  in  all  his  works,  and  in  all  his  commands ;  to  him 
is  due  from  angels  and  men  whatsoever  worship,  service, 
or  obedience,  as  creatures  they  owe  unto  the  Creator,  and 
whatever  he  is  further  pleased  to  require  of  them. 

3.  In  this  Divine  and  Infinite  Being  there  are  three  sub- 
sistences, the  Father,  the  Word  (or  Son),  and  Holy  Spirit, 
of  one  substance,  power,  and  eternity,  each  having  the 
whole  divine  essence,  yet  the  essence  undivided;  the  Father 
is  of  none  neither  begotten,  nor  proceeding ;  the  Son  is 
eternally  begotten  of  the  Father:  the  Holy  Spirit  proceed- 
ing from  the  Father  and  the  Son,  all  infinite,  without  be- 
ginning, therefore  but  one  (iod,  who  is  not  to  be  divided 
in  nature  and  being,  but  distinguished  by  several  peculiar 
relative  properties  and  personal  relations ;  which  doctrine 
of  the  Trinity  is  the  foundation  of  all  our  communion  with 
(lod,  and  our  comfortable  dependence  on  him. 

III.  Of  Gon's  Df-crk-e. — 1.  God  hath  decreed  in  himself 
from  all  eternity,  by  the  most  wise  and  holy  counsel  of  his 
own  will,  freely  and  unchangeably,  all  things  whatsoever 
comes  to  pass ;  yet  so  as  thereby  is  God  neither  the  author 
of  sin,  nor  hath  fellowship  with  any  therein,  nor  is  vio- 
lence offered  to  the  will  of  the  creature,  nor  yet  is  the  liberty 
or  contingency  of  second  causes  taken  away,  but  rather 
established,  in  which  appears  his  wisdom  in  disposing  all 
things,  and  ))Ower  and  faithfulness  in  accomplishing  his 
decree. 

2.  Although  ttod  knowcth  whatsoever  may  or  can  come  to 
pass  upon  all  fupjioscd  conditions,  yet  hath  he  not  decreed 
anything  because  he  forcsaw.it  as  future,  or  as  that  which 
would  come  to  pass  upon  such  conditions. 

3.  By  the  decree  of  God,  for  the  manifestation  of  his 
glory,  some  men  and  angels  are  predestinated  or  foreor- 
dained to  eternal  life,  through  Jesus  Christ,  to  the  praise 
of  his  glorious  grace ;  others  being  left  to  act  in  their  sin 
to  their  just  condemnation,  to  the  praise  of  his  glorious 
justice. 

4.  These  ansrcls  and  men  thus  predestinated  and  foreor- 


THE  PHILADELPHIA    CONFESSION  OF   IWITII. 


13J3 


Uained  are  piirtiimlarly  and  iinchanj^cably  designed :  and 
tlieir  number  ,«<>  certain  and  definite,  that  it  eannot  be 
either  increased  or  diniinislied. 

5.  Those  of  mil nkiiid  tlint  are  )irede.-^tinat(Ml  to  life,  (lod, 
before  the  foundation  of  the  world  was  hiid,  aeeordiiij;  to 
his  eternal  and  immutable  purjiose,  and  the  secret  counsel 
and  good  pleiisure  of  his  will,  lialh  chosen  in  Tlirist  unto 
everlasting  glory,  out  of  his  mere  free  grace  and  love; 
without  any  other  thing  in  the  creature  as  a  condition  or 
cause  moving  liim  thereunto. 

fi.  As  God  Iiath  ai)i)ointc<l  the  elect  unto  glory,  so  he  hath 
by  the  eternal  and  most  free  purpose  of  his  will  foreor- 
dained all  the  means  thereunto,  wherefore  they  who  are 
elected,  being  fallen  in  Adam,  arc  redeemed  by  Christ,  arc 
etfectually  called  unto  faith  in  Christ,  by  his  Spirit  work- 
ing in  due  season,  are  justified,  adopted,  sanctified,  and 
kept  by  his  power  through  faith  unto  salvation;  neither 
are  any  otlicr  redeemed  by  Christ,  or  etfectually  called, 
justified,  a(h)pted,  sanctified,  an<l  saved,  but  the  elect  only. 

7.  The  doctrine  of  this  high  mystery  of  predestination  is 
to  be  handled  with  special  prudence  and  care;  that  men  at- 
tending the  will  of  God  revealed  in  his  Word,  and  yielding 
obedience  thereunto,  may.  tVoui  the  certainty  of  their  ef- 
fectual vocation,  be  assured  of  their  eternal  election;  so 
shall  tliis  doctrine  afford  matter  of  praise,  reverence,  and 
admiration  of  God,  and  of  humility,  diligence,  and  abun- 
dant consolation  to  all  that  sincerely  obey  tlie  gos|)el. 

IV.  Of  CiiEATiON. — 1.  In  the  beginning  it  pleased  God 
the  Father,  Son,  an<l  Holy  Spirit,  for  the  manifestation  of 
the  glory  of  his  eternal  ])ower,  wisdom,  and  goodness,  to 
create  or  make  the  world,  and  all  things  therein,  wlietlier 
visible  or  invisible,  in  the  space  of  si.x  days,  and  all  very 
good. 

2.  After  (iod  had  made  ail  other  creatures  he  created 
man,  male  and  female,  with  reasonable  and  immortal  souls, 
rendering  them  fit  unto  that  life  to  God  for  which  they 
were  created,  being  made  after  the  image  of  (Jod,  in 
knowledge,  righteousnes.s,  and  true  holiness:  having  the 
law  of  God  written  in  their  hearts,  and  )>ower  to  fulfill  it  ; 
and  yet  under  a  possibility  of  transgressing,  being  left  to 
the  liberty  of  their  own  will,  which  was  subject  to  change. 

3.  Besides  the  law  written  in  their  hearts,  they  received 
a  command  not  to  eat  of  the  tree  of  knowledge  of  good  and 
evil  ;  which,  whilst  they  ke]it,  they  were  Inippy  in  their 
communion  with  God,  and  had  dominion  over  the  creatures. 

V.  Ok  Divink  I'hovidkni  i:. — 1.  God,  the  good  creator 
of  all  things,  in  liis  infinite  power  and  wisdom,  iloth  uphold, 
direct,  dispose,  and  govern  all  creatures  and  things,  from 
the  greatest  even  to  the  least,  by  his  most  wise  and  holy 
providence,  to  the  end  for  wliich  they  were  created,  ac- 
cording unto  his  infallible  foreknowledge,  and  the  free 
and  immutable  counsel  of  his  own  will,  to  the  jiraise  of  the 
glory  of  his  wisdom,  ])owcr,  justice,  infinite  goodness,  and 
mercy. 

2.  Although  in  relation  to  the  foreknowledge  and  decree 
of  (iod,  the  first  cause,  all  things  come  to  pass  immutably 
;ind  infallibly;  so  that  there  is  not  anything  befalls  anv 
by  chance,  or  without  his  jirovidence;  yet,  by  the  same 
|)rovidence,  he  ordereth  them  to  fall  out  according  to  the 
nature  of  second  causes,  either  necessarily,  freely,  or  con- 
tingently. 

3.  (iod  in  his  ordinary  ])ro\  idencc  nuiketh  use  of  means  : 
yet  is  free  to  work  without,  above,  and  agiiin.-t  iheni.  at 
hi?  pleasure. 

4.  The  almighty  power,  unsearchable  wisdom.  :ind   infi- 


nite goodness  of  (iod  so  far  manifest  themselves  in  his  provi- 
dence, that  his  determinate  counsel  extendeth  it.-'elf  even 
to  the  first  fall,  and  all  other  sinful  iuMions  both  of  angeU 
anil  men  (and  that  not  by  a  bare  permission),  which  also 
lie  most  wisely  and  powerfully  Ixmndeth,  and  otiierwise 
ordereth  and  govcrneth  in  a  nnmifold  dispensation,  to  his 
most  holy  ends;  yet  so  as  the  sinfulness  of  their  acts  pro- 
ceedeth  only  from  the  (creatures,  and  not  from  (i<«l,  who. 
being  most  holy  and  righteous,  neither  is  nor  can  be  the 
autlior  or  ap))rover  of  sin. 

j.  The  most  wise,  righteous,  and  gracious  (Jod  doth  often- 
times leave  for  a  season  his  own  children  to  manifold 
temptations  and  the  corruptions  of  their  own  hearts,  to 
chastise  them  for  their  former  sins  or  to  discover  unto  them 
tlie  hidden  strength  of  corruption  and  dcccitfulness  of  their 
hearts,  that  they  nuiy  \w.  humbled,  and  to  raise  Ihem  to  a 
nu)re  close  and  constant  dependence  for  their  support  ujion 
himself,  and  to  make  them  more  watchful  against  all 
future  occasions  of  sin,  and  for  other  just  an<l  iioly  ends. 

.*^o  tiiat  wlnitsoevcr  befalls  any  of  his  elect  is  by  his  a)i- 
pointment,  for  his  glory,  and  their  good. 

6.  As  for  those  wicked  and  ungodly  men.  wlwuu  (iod  as 
a  righteous  judge,  for  former  sin,  doth  blind  ami  harden; 
from  them  he  not  only  withholdeth  his  grace,  whereby 
they  might  have  been  enlightened  in  tlieir  understanding 
and  wrouglit  u|)on  in  their  hearts,  but  sometimes  also 
withdraweth  the  gifts  which  they  had,  and  exposcth  them 
to  such  objects  as  their  corruptions  make  occasion  of  sin  ; 
and  withal  gives  them  over  to  their  own  lusts  and  tempta- 
tions of  the  world,  and  the  power  of  Satan,  whereby  it 
comes  to  pass  that  they  harden  themselves,  even  under 
those  means  which  (iod  useth  for  the  softening  of  others. 

7.  As  the  providence  of  God  doth  in  general  reach  to  all 
creatures,  so,  after  a  nmre  special  manner,  it  taketh  care 
of  his  church,  and  disposcth  of  all  things  to  the  good 
thereof. 

VI.  Of  thf,  Fam.  ok  .Man,  Sis.  an'1>  run  I'inishmbxt 
Thereok. — 1.  Although  (iod  created  man  u|)right  and  per- 
fect, and  gave  him  a  righteous  law  which  IukI  been  unto 
life,  had  he  kept  it,  and  threatened  death  upon  the  broach 
thereof;  yet  he  did  not  long  abide  in  this  honor.  Safan, 
using  the  siibtility  of  the  serpent  to  seduce  Kve,  then  by 
her  seducing  .\dam,  wiio,  witlimit  any  compulsion,  did 
willfully  transgress  the  law  of  tlieir  creation  and  the  com- 
mand given  unto  them  in  eating  the  forbi<lden  fruit;  which 
God  was  pleased  according  to  his  wise  and  holy  counsel  to 
permit,  liaving  purposed  to  order  it  to  his  own  glory. 

2.  Our  first  ])arents,  l)y  this  sin.  fell  from  their  original 
righteousness  and  communion  with  God,  and  we  in  them, 
wlicrcby  death  came  upon  all;  all  becoming  dead  in  sin 
and  wholly  dcfileil  in  all  the  faculties  and  jiarts  of  soul  and 
body. 

3.  They  being  the  root,  and,  by  (Jod's  appointment, 
standing  in  the  room  and  stead  of  all  mankind  ;  the  guilt 
of  the  sin  was  im|)uted.  and  corrupted  nature  conveye<l  to 
all  their  posterity,  descending  from  them  by  ordinary  gen- 
eration, being  now  (ronceived  in  sin,  and  by  nature  children 
of  wrath,  the  servants  of  sin.  the  subjects  of  death,  and  all 
other  miseries,  spiritual,  temjioral,  and  eternal,  unless  the 
Lord  .Icsus  set  them  free. 

4.  From  tliis  original  corruption,  whereby  we  are  utterly 
indisposed,  disabled,  and  made  o|)posite  to  all  goo<l,  and 
wholly  inclined  to  all  evil,  do  ))roceed  all  actual  trans- 
gressions. 

.1.  Till-  Clin  nption  nf  nature,  during  tliis   life,  doth   re- 


1314 


APPENDIX. 


main  in  those  that  are  regenerated;  anil,  although  it  he 
through  Christ  ))ariIoned  and  mortified,  yet  both  itself  and 
the  first  motions  thereof  are  truly  and  properly  sin. 

-VII.  Of  God's  Covenant. —  1.  The  distance  between  (iod 
and  the  creature  is  so  great,  that  although  reasonable  crea- 
tures do  owe  obedience  unto  him  as  their  Creator,  yet  they 
could  never  have  attained  the  reward  uf  life  but  by  some 
voluntary  condescension  on  God's  part,  which  he  hath 
been  pleased  to  express  by  way  of  covenant. 

2.  Moreover,  man  having  brought  himself  under  the  curse 
of  the  law  by  his  fall,  it  pleased  the  Lord  to  make  a  cove- 
nant of  grace,  wherein  he  freely  offereth  unto  sinners  life 
and  salvation  by  Jesus  Christ,  requiring  of  theni  faith  in 
him,  that  they  might  be  saved;  and  promising  to  give 
unto  all  those  that  are  ordained  unto  eternal  life  his  holy 
Spirit,  to  make  them  willing  and  able  to  believe. 

3.  This  covenant  is  revealed  in  the  gospel,  first  of  all  to 
Adam  in  the  promise  of  salvation  by  the  seed  of  the  woman, 
and  afterwards  by  farther  steps,  until  the  full  discovery 
thereof  was  completed  in  the  New  Testament;  and  it  is 
founded  in  that  eternal  covenant  transaction  that  was  be- 
tween the  Father  and  the  Son  about  the  redemption  of  the 
elect ;  and  it  is  alone  by  the  grace  of  this  covenant  that  all 
of  the  posterity  of  fallen  Adam,  that  ever  were  sared,  did 
obtain  life  and  blessed  immortality;  inan  being  now  ut- 
terly incapable  of  acceptance  with  God  upon  those  terms 
on  which  Adam  stood  in  his  state  of  innocency. 

VIII.  Op  Christ  the  Mediator. — 1.  It  pleased  God,  in 
his  eternal  purpose,  to  choose  and  urdain  the  Lord  Jesus, 
his  only  and  begotten  Son,  according  to  the  covenant  made 
between  them  both,  to  be  the  Mediator  between  God  and 
man  ;  the  prophet,  priest,  and  king  ;  head  and  Saviour  of 
his  church,  the  heir  of  all  things,  and  judge  of  the  world : 
unto  whom  he  did  from  all  eternity  give  a  people  to  be  his 
seed,  and  to  be  by  him  in  time  redeemed,  called,  justified, 
sanctified,  and  glorified. 

2.  The  Son  of  God,  the  second  person  in  the  Holy  Trinity, 
being  very  and  eternal  God,  the  brightness  of  the  Father's 
glory,  of  one  substance,  and  equal  jvith  him;  who  made 
the  world,  who  U])holdeth  and  governeth  all  things  he  hath 
made  ;  did,  when  the  fullness  of  time  was  come,  take  upon 
him  man's  nature,  with  all  the  essential  properties  and 
common  infirmities  thereof,  yet  without  sin;  being  con- 
ceived by  the  Holy  Spirit  in  the  womb, of  the  Virgin  Mary, 
the  Holy  Spirit  coming  down  upon  her,  and  the  power  of 
the  Most  High  overshadowing  her,,  and  so  was  made  of  a 
woman,  of  the  tribe  of  Judah,  of  the  seed  of  Abraham  and 
David,  according  to  the  Scriptures  :  so  that  two  whole,  per- 
fect, and  distinct  natures  were  in'separably "joined  together 
in  one  person,  without  conversion,  composition,  or  con- 
fusion ;  which  person  is  very  God  and  very  man,  yet  one 
Christ,  the  only  Mediator  between  God  and  nmn. 

3.  The  Lord  Jesus  in  his  human  nature  thus  united  to  the 
divine,  in  the  person  of  the  Son,  was  sanctified  and  anointed 
with  the  Holy  Spirit  above  measure;  having  in  him  all  the 
treasures  of  wisdom  and  knowledge;  in  whom  it  pleased 
the  Father  that  all  fullness  should  dwell;  to  the  end  that, 
being  holy,  harmless,  undcfiled,  and  full  of  grace  and  truth, 
he  might  be  thoroughly  furnished  to  execute  the  office  of  a 
Mediator  and  Surety;  which  ofiice  he  took  not  upon  him- 
self, but  was  thereunto  called  by  his  Father;  who  also  put 
all  power  and  judgment  in  his  hand,  and  gave  him  com- 
mandment to  execute  the  same. 

4.  This  office  the  Lord  Jesus  did  most  willingly  under- 
take, which  that  he  might  discharge,  he  was  made  under  the 


law,  and  did  perfectly  fulfill  it,  and  underwent  the  punish- 
ment due  to  UP,  which  we  should  have  borne  and  suffered, 
being  made  sin  and  a  curse  for  us ;  enduring  most  grievous 
sorrows  in  his  soul  and  most  painful  sufferings  in  his  body : 
was  crucified  and  died,  and  remained  in  the  state  of  the 
dead,  yet  saw  no  corruption  :  on  the  third  day  he  arose 
from  the  dead,  with  the  same  body  in  which  he  suffered. 
with  which  he  also  ascended  into  heaven  ;  and  there  sitteth 
on  the  right  hand  of  his  Father  making  intercession ;  and 
shall  return  to  judge  men  and  angels  at  the  end  of  the 
world. 

5.  The  Lord  Jesus,  by  his  perfect  obedience  and  sacrifice 
of  himself,  w.hjch  he  through  the  eternal  Spirit  once  offered 
up  unto  God,  hath  fully  satisfied  the  justice  of  God,  pro- 
cured reconciliation,  and  purchased  an  everlasting  inherit- 
ance in  the  kingdom  of  bsaven  for  all  those  whom  the 
Father  hath  given  unto  him. 

6.  Although  the  price  of  redemjition  was  not  actually 
paid  by  Christ  till  after  his  incarnation,  yet  the  virtue,  effi- 
cacy, and  benefit  thereof  was  communicated  to  the  elect  in 
all  ages  successively  from  the  beginningof  the  world,  in  and 
by  those  promises,  types,  and  sacrifices  wherein  he  was  re- 
vealed and  signified  to  be  the  seed  of  the  woman  which 
should  bruise  the  serpent's  head ;  and  the  Lamb  slain  from 
the  foundation  of  the  world,  being  the  same  yesterday,  and 
to-day,  and  forever. 

7.  Christ,  in  the  work  of  mediation,  acteth  according  to 
both  natures,  by  each  nature  doing  that  which  is  proper  to 
itself;  yet,  by  reason  of  the  unity  of  the  person,  that  which 
is  proper  to  one  nature  is  sometimes  in  Scripture  attributed 
to  the  person  denominated  by  the  other  nature. 

8.  To  all  those  for  whom  Christ  hath  obtained  eternal  re- 
demption he  doth  certainly  and  effectually  apply  and  com- 
municate the  same  :  making  int^f^ssion  for  them  :  uniting 
them  to  himself  by  his  Spirit  :  revealing  unto  them,  in  and 
by  the  Word,  the  mystery  of  salvation  :  jiersuading  them  to 
believe  and  obey  ;  governing  their  hearts  by  his  Word  ami 
Spirit,  and  overcoming  all  their  enemies  by  his  Almighty 
power  and  wisdom,  in  such  manner  and  ways  as  are  most 
consonant  to  his  wonderful  and  unsearchable  dispensation  : 
and  all  of  free  and  absolute  grace,  without  any  condition 
foreseen  in  them  to  procure  it. 

9.  This  office  of  Mediator  between  God  and  man  is  proper 
only  to  Christ,  who  is  the  prophet,  priest,  and  king  of  the 
Church  of  God ;  and  may  not  be  either  in  .whole,  or  any 
part  thereof,  transferred  from  him  to  any  other. 

10.  This  number  and  order  of  offices  is  necessary  ;  for,  in 
respect  of  our  ignorance,  we  stand  in  need  of  his  propheti- 
cal office ;  and,  in  respect  of  our  alienation  from  God  and 
imperfection  of  the  best  of  our  services,  we  need  his 
priestly  office  to  reconcile  us  and  jiresent  us  acceptable  unto 
God  ;  and,  in  respect  of  our  averseness  and  utter  inability 
to  return  to  God,  and  for  our  rescue  and  security  from  our 
spiritual  adversaries,  we  need  his  kingly  office  to  convince, 
subdue,  draw,  uphold,  deliver,  and  preserve  us  to  his 
heavenly  kirtgdom. 

IX.  Op  Free  Will. — 1.  God  has  indued  the  will  of  man 
with  that  natural  liberty  and  power  of  acting  upon  choice, 
that  it  is  neither  forced  nor,  by  any  necessity  of  nature, 
determined  to  do  good  or  evil. 

2.  Man,  in  his  state  of  innocency,  had  freedom  and  power 
to  will  and  to  do  that  which  was  good  and  well  pleasing  to 
God;  but  yet  was  mutable,  so  that  he  might  fall  from  it. 

3.  Man,  by  his  fall  into  a  state  of  sin,  hath  wholly  lost  all 
ability  of  will  to  any  spiritual  good  accompanying  salva- 


THE  PHILADELPHIA    CONFESSION  OF  FAITH. 


1315 


tion;  so  as  a  natural  man,  being  altogether  averse  from 
that  good  and  dead  in  sin,  is  not  able,  by  his  own  strength, 
to  convert  himself  or  to  prepare  himself  thereunto. 

4.  When  (Sod  converts  a  sinner,  and  translates  him  into 
the  state  of  grace,  he  freeth  him  from  his  natural  bondage 
under  sin,  and,  by  his  grace  alone,  enables  him  freely  to 
will  and  do  that  which  is  spiritually  good;  yet  so  as 
that,  by  reason  of  his  remaining  corruptions,  he  doth  not 
perfectly  nor  only  will  that  which  is  good,  but  doth  also 
will  that  which  is  evil. 

5.  The  will  of  man  is  made  perfectly  and  iinmulably  free 
to  good  alone  in  the  state  of  glory  only. 

X.  Of  Kfpkctiiai,  Calling. — 1.  Those  whom  God  had 
predestinated  unto  life,  he  is  pleased,  in  his  appointed  and 
accepted  time,  eft'ectually  to  call  by  his  Word  and  Spirit  out 
of  that  state  of  sin  and  death  in  which  they  are  by  nature 
to  grace  of  salvation  by  Jesus  Christ;  enlightening  their 
minds  spiritually  and  savingly  to  understand  the  things 
of  (lod;  taking  away  their  heart  of  stone  and  giving  unto 
them  an  heart  of  flesh  ;  renewing  their  wills,  and,  by  his 
almighty  power,  determining  them  to  that  which  is  good, 
and  effectually  drawing  them  to  Jesus  Christ;  yet  so  as 
they  come  most  freely,  being  made  willing  by  his  grace. 

2.  This  effectual  call  is  of  (iod's  free  and  special  grace 
alone,  not  from  anything  at  all  foreseen  in  man,  nor  from 
any  power  or  agency  in  the  creature  co-working  with  his 
special  grace  ;  the  creature  being  wholly  passive  therein, 
being  dead  in  sins  and  trespasses,  until,  being  quickened 
and  renewed  by  the  Holy  Spirit,  he  is  thereby  enabled  to 
answer  this  call,  and  to  embrace  the  grace  otfered  and  con- 
veyed in  it,  and  that  by  no  less  jiower  than  that  which 
raised  up  Christ  from  the  dead. 

3.  Elect  infants,  dying  in  infancy,  are  regenerated  and 
saved  by  Christ  through  the  Spirit,  who  worketh  when, 
and  where,  and  how  he  pleaseth ;  so  also  are  all  other  elect 
persons  who  are  incapable  of  being  outwardly  called  by  the 
ministry  of  the  AVord. 

4.  Others  not  elected,  although  they  may  be  called  by  the 
ministry  of  the  Word,  and  may  h^ve  some  common  opera- 
tions of  the  Spirit,  yet,  not  being  effectually  drawn  by  the 
Father,  they  neither  will  nor  can  truly  come  to  Christ, 
and  therefore  cannot  be  saved ;  much  less  can  men  that 
receive  not  the  Cluistiiin  religion  be  saved,  be  they  never 
so  diligent  to  frame  their  lives  according  to  the  light  of 
nature  and  the  law  of  that  religion  they  do  profess. 

XI.  Of  Justification. — 1.  Those  whom  God  effectually 
calleth  he  also  freely  justiReth,  not  by  infusing  righteous- 
ness into  them,  but  by  pardoning  their  sins,  and  by  account- 
ing and  accepting  their  persons  as  righteous ;  not  for  any- 
thing wrought  in  them  or  done  by  them,  but  for  Christ's  sake 
alone;  not  by  imputing  faith  itself,  the  act  of  believing, or 
any  other  evangelical  obedience  to  them,  as  their  right- 
eousness, but  by  imputing  Christ's  active  obedience  unto 
the  whole  law,  and  passive  obedience  in  his  death,  for  their 
whole  and  sole  righteousness;  they  receiving  and  resting  on 
him  and  his  righteousness  by  faith,  which. they  have  not  of 
themselves  :  it  is  the  gift  of  (Sod. 

2.  Faith  thus  receiving  and  resting  on  Christ  and  his 
righteousness,  is  the  alone  instrument  of  justitication  ;  yet 
it  is  not  alone  in  the  person  justilied,  but  is  ever  accom- 
panied with  all  other  saving  graces,  and  is  no  dead  faith, 
but  worketh  by  love. 

3.  Christ,  by  his  obedience  and  death,  did  fully  discharge 
the  debt  of  all  those  that  are  justified;  and  did,  by  the 
sacrifice  of  himself,  in  the  blood  of  his  cross,  undergoing 


in  their  stead  the  penalty  due  unto  them,  make  a  proper, 
real,  and  full  satisfaction  to  God's  justice  in  their  behalf; 
yet,  inasmuch  as  he  was  given  by  the  Father  for  them, 
and  his  obedience  and  satisfaction  accepted  in  their  stead, 
and  both  freely,  not  for  anything  in  them,  their  justifiea- 
tion  is  only  of  free  grace,  that  both  the  exact  justice  and 
rich  grace  of  God  might  be  glorified  in  the  justification  of 
sinners. 

4.  God  did,  from  all  eternity,  decree  to  justify  all  the  elect, 
and  Christ  did,  in  the  fullness  of  time,  die  for  their  sins, 
and  rise  again  for  their  justification;  nevertheless,  the3' 
are  not  justified  persoiuilly  until  the  Holy  S|)irit  doth,  in 
due  time,  actually  a]iply  Christ  unto  them. 

5.  (Sod  doth  continue  to  forgive  the  sins  of  those  that  are 
justified;  and,  although  they  can  never  fall  from  the 
state  of  justification,  yet  they  may,  by  their  sins,  fall 
under  God's  fatherly  displeasure;  and,  in  that  condition, 
they  have  not  usually  the  light  of  his  countenance  restored 
unto  them  until  they  humble  themselves,  confess  their 
sins,  beg  pardon,  and  renew  their  faith  and  repentance. 

6.  The  justification  of  believers  under  the  Old  Testament 
was,  in  all  these  respects,  one  and  the  same  with  the  jus- 
tification of  believers  under  the  New  Testament. 

Xir.  Of  Adoption. — 1.  All  those  that  are  justified,  God 
vouchsafed,  in  and  for  the  sake  of  his  only  Son,  Jesus 
Christ,  to  make  partakers  of  the  grace  of  adoption,  by 
which  they  are  taken  into  the  number,  and  enjoy  the  lib- 
erties and  [)rivileges,  of  children  of  (Jod;  have  his  name 
put  upon  them;  receive  the  spirit  of  adoption;  have  ac- 
cess to  the  throne  of  grace  with  boldness;  are  enabled  to 
cry  Abba,  Father;  are  pitied,  protected,  provided  for,  and 
chastened  by  him  as  a  father  :  yet  never  cast  off,  but  sealed 
to  the  day  of  redemption,  and  inherit  the  promises  as  heirs 
of  everlasting  salvation. 

XIII.  Op  Sanctipication. —  1.  They  who  are  united  to 
Christ,  effectually  called,  and  regenerated,  having  a  new 
heart  and  a  new  spirit  created  in  them,  through  the  virtue 

:  of  Christ's  death  and  resurrection,  are  also  further  sanctified, 
1   really  an<I  personally,  through  the  same  virtue,  by  his  Word 

and  Spirit  dwelling  in  them.  The  dominion  of  the  whole 
I  body  of  sin  is  destroyed,  and  the  several  lusts  thereof  are 
I  more  and  more  weakened  and  mortified  ;  and  thej'  more  and 

more  quickened  and  strengthened  in  all  saving  graces,  to 

the  practice  of  all  true  holiness,  without  which  no  man 

shall  see  the  Lord. 

2.  This  sanctification  is  throughout,  in  the  whole  man, 
yet  imperfect  in  this  life;  there  abideth  still  some  remnants 
of  corruption  in  every ^art,  whence  ariseth  a  continual 
and  irreconcilable  war:  the  flesh  lusting  against  the  si)irit 
and  the  spirit  against  the  flesh. 

3.  In  which  war,  although  the  remaining  corruption  for 
a  time  may  much  prevail,  yet,  through  the  continual  sup- 
ply of  strength  from  the  sanctifying  Spirit  of  Christ,  the 
regenerate  part  doth  overcome ;  and  so  the  saints  grow  in 
grace,  perfecting  holiness  in  the  fear  of  God,  pressing  after 
an  heavenly  life  in  evangelical  obedience  to  all  the  com- 
mands whifli  Christ,  as  Head  and  King,  in  his  Word  hath 
prescribed  to  them. 

XIV.  Op  Saving  Faith. — 1.  The  graccof  faith,  whereby 
the  elect  are  enabled  to  believe  to  the  saving  of  their  souls, 
is  the  work  of  the  Spirit  of  Christ  in  their  hearts,.and  is  or- 
dinarily wrought  by  the  ministry  of  the  Word,  by  which 
also,  and  by  the  administration  of  Baptism,  and  the 
Lord's  Supper,  prayer,  and  other  means  appointed  of  God 
it  is  increased  and  strengthened. 


1316 


APPENDIX. 


2.  By  this  faith,  a  Christian  belicveth  to  be  true  whatso- 
ever is  revealed  in  the  Word  for  the  autliority  of  God  him- 
self; and  also  a))|)rehendeth  an  excellency  therein  above 
aH  other  writings  and  all  things  in  the  world,  as  it  bears 
forth  the  glory  of  (iod  in  his  attributes,  the  excellency  of 
Christ  in  his  nature  and  offices,  and  the  powe;- and  fullness 
of  the  Holy  Spirit  in  hisworkings  and  operations;  and  so 
is  enabled  to  cast  his  soul  upon  the  truth  thus  believed, 
and  also  acteth  differently  upon  that  which  each  particu- 
lar passage  thereof  containcth:  yielding  obedience  to  the 
commands,  trembling  at  the  threatenings,  and  embracing 
the  promises  of  God  for  this  life  and  that  which  is  to  come  ; 
but  the  principal  acts  of  saving  faith  hath  immediate  rela- 
tion to  Christ,  accepting,  receiving,  and  resting  upon  him 
alone  for  justification,  sanctification,  and  eternal  life,  by 
virtue  of  the  covenant  Of  grace. 

3.  This  faith,  although  it  be  different  in  degrees,  and  may 
be  weak  or  strong,  yet  it  is  in  the  least  degree  of  it  differ- 
ent in  the  kind  or  nature  of  it  (as  is  all  other  saving  grace) 
from  the  faith  and  common  grace  of  temporary  believers; 
and  therefore,  though  it  may  be  many  times  assailed  and 
weakened,  yet  it  gets  the  victory,  growing  up  in  many  to 
the  attainment  of  a  full  assurance  through  Christ,  who  is 
both  the  author  and  finisher  of  our  faith.  * 

XV.  Of  Repentance  unto  Life  an.o  Salvation. — 1. 
Such  of  the  elect  as  are  converted  at  riper  years,  having 
sometimes  lived  in  the  state  of  nature,  and  therein  served 
divers  lusts  and  pleasures,  God,  in  their  effectual  calling, 
giveth  them  repentance  unto  life. 

2.  Whereas  there  is  none  thatdoeth  good  and  sinneth  not, 
and  the  best  of  men  may,  through  the  power  and  deceitful- 
ness  of  their  corruption  dwelling  in' them,  with  the  preva- 
lency  of  temptation,  fall  into  greater  sins  and  provocations, 
God  hath,  in  the  covenant  of  grace,  mercifully  provided 
that  believers  so  sinning  and  falling  be  renewed  through 
repentance  unto  salvation. 

3.  This  saving  repentance  is  an  evangelical  grace,  where- 
by a.  person,  being  by  the  Holy  Spirit  made  sensible  of  the 
manifold  evils  of  his  sin,  doth,  by  faith  in  Christ,  humble 
himself  for  it  with  godly  sorrow,  detestation  of  it,  and  self- 
abhorrency,  praying  for  pardon  and  strength  of  grace,  with 
a  purpose  and  endeavor,  by  supplies  of  the  Spirit,  to  walk 
before  God  unto  all  well-pleasing  in  all  things. 

4.  As  repentance  is  to  be  continued  .through  the  whole 
course  of  our  lives,  upon  the  account  of  the  body  of  death 
and  the  motions  thereof,  so  it  is  every  man's  duty  to  re- 
pent of  his  particular  known  sins,  particularly. 

6.  Such  is  the  provision  which  God  hath  made,  through 
Christ  in  the  covenant  of  grace,  for  the  preservation  of  be- 
lievers unto  salvation,  that,  although  there  is  no  sin  so 
small  but  it  deserves  damnation,  yet  there  is  no  sin  so  great 
that  it  shall  bring  damnation  on  them  that  repent;  which 
makes  the  constant  preaching  of  repentance  necessary. 

XVI.  Oi' Good  Works. — 1.  Good  works  are  only  such  as 
God  hath  commanded  in  his  Holy  Word,  and  not  such  as, 
without  the  warrant  thereof,  are  devised  by  men  out  of 
blind  zeal  or  upon  any  pretense  of  good  intentions. 

2.  These  good  works,  done  in  obedience  to  God's  com- 
mand men  ts,  are  the  fruits  and  evidences  of  a  true  and  lively 
faith  ;  and  by  them  believers  manifest  their  thankfulness, 
strengthen  their  assurance,  edify  their  brethren,  adorn  the 
l)rofession  of  the  gospel,  stop  the  mouths  of  the  adversa- 
ries, and  glorify  God,  whose  workmanship  they  are,  created 
in  Christ  Jesus  thereunto,  that,  having  their  fruit  unto 
holiness,  they  may  have  the  end,  eternal  life. 


3.  Their  ability  to  do  good  works  is  not  at  all  of  themselves, 
but  wholly  from  the  Spirit  of  Christ ;  and  that  they  may  be 
enabled  thereunto,  besides  the  graces  they  have  already  re- 
ceived, there  is  necessary  an  actual  influence  of  the  same 
Holy  Spirit  to  work  in  them  to  will  and  to  do  of  his  good 
pleasure  ;  yet  are  they  not  hereupon  to  grow  negligent,  as 
if  they  were  not  bound  to  perform,  any  duty,  unless  upon 
a  special  motion  of  the  Spirit,  but  they  ought  to  be  diligent 
in  stirring  u))  the  grace  of  God  that  is  in  them. 

4.  They  who  in  their  obedience  attuin  to  the  greatest 
height  which  is  possible  in  this  life,  are  so  far  from  being 
able  to  supererogate  and  to  do  more  than  God  requires,  as 
that  they  fall  short  of  much  which,  in  duty,  they  are 
bound  to  do. 

5.  We  cannot,  by  our  best  works,  merit  pardon  of  sin  or 
eternal  life  at  the  hand  of  God,  by  reason  of  the  great 
disproportion  that  is  between  them  and  the  glory  to  come, 
and  the  infinite  distance  that  is  between  us  and  God,  whom 
by  them  we  can  never  profit  nor  satisfy  for  the  debt  of  our 
former  sins  ;  but  when  we  have  done  all  we  can,  we  have 
done  but  our  duty  and  are  unprofitable  servants;  and  be- 
cause, as  they  are  good,  they  ])roceed  from  his  Spirit,  and, 
as  they  are  wrought  by  us.  they  are  defiled  and  mixed  with 
so  much  weakness  and  imperfection,  that  they  cannot  en- 
dure the  severity  of  God's  judgment. 

6.  Yet  notwithstanding  the  persons  of  believers  being 
accepted  through  Christ,  their  good  works  also  are  accepted 
in  him,  not  as  though  they  were  in  this  life  wholly  un- 
blamable and  unrc])rovable  in  God's  sight,  but  that  he, 
looking  upon  them  in  his  Son,  is  pleased  to  accept  and  re- 
ward that  which  is  sincere,  although  accompanied  with 
uumy  weaknesses  and  imperfections. 

7.  Works  done  by  unregenerate  men,  although  for  the 
matter  of  them  they  may  be  things  which  God  commands, 
and  of  good  use  both  to  themselves  and  others  :  yet,  because 
they  proceed  not  from  a  heart  purified  by  faith,  nor  arc 
done  in  a  right  manner  according  to  the  Word,  nor  to  a 
right  end,  the  glory  of  God,  they  are  sinful  and  cannot 
please  God,  nor  make  a  man  meet  to  receive  grace  from 
(Jod  ;  and  yet  their  neglect  of  them  is  more  sinful  and  dis- 
jileasing  to  Go<l. 

XVII.  Of  THE  Perseverance  OF  TiiE  Saints. — 1.  Those 
whom  God  hath  acce))ted  in  the  Beloved,  effectually  called 
and  sanctified  by  his  Spirit,  and  given  the  precious  faith  of 
his  elect  unto,' can  neither  totally  nor  finally  fall  from  the 
state  of  grace,  but  shall  certainly  persevere  therein  to  the  end 
and  be  eternally  saved,  seeing  the  gifts  and  callings  of  God 
are  without  repentance  (whence  he  still  begets  and  nour- 
isheth  in  them  faith,  repentance,  love,  joy,  hope,  and  all 
the  graces  of  thcS)iirit  to  immortalitj'),  and,  though  many 
storms  and  floods  arise  and  beat  against  them,  yet  they 
shall  never  be  able  to  take  them  off  that  foundation  and 
rock  which  by  faith  they  are  fastened  upon:  notwith- 
standing, tlirough  unbelief  and  the  temptations  of  Satan, 
the  sensible  sight  of  the  light  and  love  of  God  may,  for  a 
time,  be  clouded  and  obscured  from  them,  yet  it  is  still  the 
same,  and  they  shall  be  sure  to  be  ke]it  by  the  power  of 
God  unto  salvation,  where  they  shall  enjoy  their  ]uirchased 
possession,  they  being  engraven  njion  the  )ialm  of  his 
hands,  and  their  names  having  been  written  in  the  book 
of  Life  from, all  eternity. 

2.  This  i)erseverance  of  the  saints  dejiends  not  upon  their 
own  free  will,  but  upon  the  immutability  of  the  decree  of 
election,  flowing  from  the  free  and  unchangeable  love  of 
God,  the   FiitluT.  ujicin  the  efficacy    of  the  merit    and  in- 


THE  PHlbtDELl'UlA    CONFESSION  OF  FAITH. 


1317 


terccasion  of  Jesus  Christ  mid  iiiiidn  with  him,  the  oath  of 
God,  tlic  abiding  of  his  Spirit,  and  the  seed  of  (Jod  within 
them,  and  tlic  nature  of  the  covenant  of  grace;  from  all 
which  arisctli  also  the  certainty  and  infallibilitj'  thereof. 

;i  And  though  the3'  may,  through  the  temptation  of  Satan 
and  of  tlie  world,  the  prevalency  of  corruption  remaining 
in  them,  and  the  neglect  of  means  of  their  preservation, 
fall  into  grievous  sins,  and  for  a  time  c(mtinue  therein, 
whereby  they  incur  God's  displeasure  and  grieve  his  Holy 
Spirit,  come  to  have  their  graces  and  comforts  impaireil, 
have  their  hearts  hardened  and  their  consciences  wounded, 
hurt  and  scandalize  others,  and  bring  temporal  judgments 
upon  themselves,  yet  they  shall  renew  their  repentance 
and  be  preserved,  through  faith  in  Christ  Jesus,  to  the  end. 

XVIII.  Ok  the  Assi.'rance  of  Grace  and  Salvation. 
— 1.  Although  temporary  believers  and  other  unregenerate 
men  may  vainly  deceive  themselves  with  false  hopes  and 
carnal  presumjitiona  of  being  in  the  favor  of  (iod  and  state 
of  salvation,  which  hope  of  theirs  shall  perish  ;  yet  such  as 
truly  believe  in  the  Lord  Jesus,  and  love  him  in  sincerity, 
endeavoring  to  walk  in  all  good  conscience  before  him, 
may,  in  this  life,  be  certainly  assured  that  they  are  in  the 
state  of  grace,  and  may  rejoice  in  the  hope  of  the  glory  of 
God,  which  hope  shall  never  make  them  ashamed. 

2.  This  certainly  is  not  a  bare  conjectural  and  probable 
persuasion,  grounded  upon  a  fallible  hope,  but  an  infal- 
lible assurance  of  faith,  founded  on  the  blood  and  right- 
eousness of  Christ,  revealed  in  the  gospel  ;  and  also  u])on 
the  inward  evidence  of  those  graces  of  the  Spirit  unto 
which  promises  are  made,  and  on  the  testimony  of  the  Spirit 
of  ado])tic)n,  witnessing  with  our  spirits  that  we  are  the 
children  of  (Jod,  and,  as  a  fruit  thereof,  keeping  the  heart 
both  humble  and  holy. 

3.  This  infallible  assurance  doth  not  so  belong  to  the  es- 
sence of  faith  but  that  a  true  believer  may  wait  long,  and 
conflict  with  many  difficulties,  before  he  be  partaker  of  it : 
yet  being  enabled  by  the  Spirit  to  know  the  things  which 
are  freely  given  him  of  God,  he  may,  without  extraordi- 
nary revelation,  in  the  right  use  of  means,  attain  there- 
unto; and  therefore  it  is  the  duty  of  every  one  to  give  all 
diligence  to  make  their  calling  and  electioir  sure,  that 
thereby  his  heart  may  be  enlarged  in  peace  and  joy  in  the 
Holy  Spirit,  in  love  and  thankfulness  to  God,  and  in 
strength  and  cheerfulness  in  the  duties  of  obedience,  the 
proper  fruits  of  this  assurance:  so  far  is  it  from  inclining 
men  to  looseness. 

4.  True  believers  may  have  the  assurance  of  their  salva- 
tion divers  ways  shaken,  diminished,  and  intermitted  ;  as 
by  negligence  in  preserving  of  it,  by  falling  into  some 
special  sin,  which  woundeth  the  conscience  and  grieveth 
the  Sjiiril  ;  by  some  sudden  or  vehement  tem|)tation  ;  by 
(Jod's  with<lrawing  the  light  of  his  countenance  and  suffer- 
ing even  such  as  fear  him  to  walk  in  darkness  and  to  have 
no  light  ;  yet  are  they  never  destitute  of  the  seed  of  God 
and  life  of  faith,  that  love  of  Christ  and  the  brethren,  that 
sincerity  of  heart,  and  conscience  of  duty,  out  of  which,  by 
the  operation  of  the  Spirit,  this  assurance  may  in  due 
time  be  revived,  and  by  the  vvhich,  in  the  mean  time,  they 
are  preserved  from  utter  despair. 

■  XIX.  Op  the  Law  of  (Jod. — 1.  (Jod  gave  to  Adam  a  law 
of  universal  obedience  written  in  his  heart,  and  a  particular 
precept  of  not  eating  the  fruit  of  the  tree  of  knowledge  of 
good  and  evil ;  by  which  he  bound  him  an<l  all  his  posterity 
to  personal,  entire,  e.xact,  and  perpetual  obedience,  ])romised 
life  upon  the  fulfilling,  and  threatened  death   upon  the 


breach  of  it,  and  indued  him  with  power  and  ability  In 
keep  it. 

2.  The  same  law  that  was  first  written  in  the  heart  of  man 
continued  to  be  a  ))erfect  rule  of  righteousness  after  the 
fall,  and  delivered  by  God  upon  Mount  Sinai,  in  ten  com- 
mandmctits,  and  written  in  two  tables,  the  four  first  con- 
taining our  duty  towards  God,  and  the  other  six  our  duty 
to  man. 

3.  Besides  this  law,  commonly  called  moral,  God  was 
pleased  to  give  to  the  people  of  Israel  ceremonial  laws,  con- 
taining several  typical  ordinances,  partly  of  worship,  |)re. 
figuring  (^hrist,  his  graces,  actions,  sutferings,  and  benefits, 
and  partly  holding  forth  divers  instructions  of  moral  duties, 
all  which  ceremonial  laws,  being  a|i|)ointed  only  to  the 
time  of  reformation,  are  by  Jesus  Christ,  the  true  Messiah 
and  only  Lawgiver,  who  was  furnished  with  power  from 
the  Father  for  that  end,  abrogated  and  taken  away. 

4.  To  them  also  he  gave  sundry  jii<licial  laws,  which  ex- 
pired together  with  the  state  of  that  people,  not  obliging 
any  now  by  virtue  of  that  institution, — their  general  equity 
only  being  of  moral  Uiie. 

5.  The  moral  law  doth  forever  bind  all.  as  well  justified 
persons  as  others,  to  the  obedience  thereof,  and  that  not 
only  in  regard  to  the  matter  contained  in  it,  but  al.so  in 
respect  of  the  authority  of  (iod,  the  (,'rcator,  who  gave  it; 
neither  doth  (.'lirist  in  the  gospel  any  way  dissolve,  but 
much  strengthen  this  obligation. 

6.  Although  true  believers  be  not  under  the  law,  as  a 
covenant  of  works,  to  be  thereby  justified  or  condemned, 
yet  it  is  of  great  use  to  them,  as  well  as  to  others,  in  that,  as 
a  rule  of  life,  informing  them  of  the  will  of  (jlod  and  their 
duty,  it  directs  and  binds  them  to  walk  accordingly;  dis- 
covering also  the  sinful  pollutions  of  their  natures,  hearts, 
and  lives,  so  as,  examining  themselves  thereby,  they  may 
come  to  further  conviction  of,  humiliation  for,  and  hatred 
against  sin,  together  with  a  clearer  sight  of  the  need  they 
have  of  Christ  and  the  perfection  of  his  obedience  :  it  is 
likewise  of  use  to  the  regenerate  to  restrain  their  eorrup- 
tion.s,  in  that  it  forbids  sin,  and  the  threatenings  of  it 
serve  to  show  what  even  their  sins  deserve,  and  what  afflic- 
tions in  this  life  they  may  expect  for  them,  although  freed 
from  the  curse  and  unallayed  rigor  thereof.  These  prom- 
ises of  it  likewise  show  that  (iod's  approbation  of  obedience, 
and  what  blessings  they  may  expect  upon  the  ]ierforinance 
thereof,  though  not  as  due  to  them  by  the  law  as  a  cove- 
nant of  ivorks ;  so  as  man's  doing  good  and  refraining 
from  evil,  because  the  law  encouragetli  to  the  one,  and  de- 
terreth  from  the  other,  is  no  evidence  of  his  being  under  the 
law  and  not  under  grace. 

7.  Neither  are  the  forenientioned  uses  of  the  law  contrary 
to  the  grace  of  the  gospel,  but  do  sweetly  comply  with  it, 
the  Spirit  of  Christ  subduing  and  enabling  the  will  of  man 
to  do  that  freely  and  cheerfully,  which  the  will  of  (iod,  re- 
vealed in  the  law,  reciuiieth  to  be  done. 

XX.  Of  the  Gospel  ano  the  Kxtent  of  the  (JitAcF. 
THF.UKoF. — 1.  The  covenant  of  works  being  broken  by  sin. 
and  maile  unprofitable  unto  life,  God  was  pleased  to  give 
forth  the  promise  of  Christ,  the  seed  of  the  woman,  as  the 
means  of  calling  the  elect,  and  begetting  in  them  faith  an<l 
repentance;  in  this  promise,  the  gospel,  as  to  the  substance 
of  it,  was  revealed,  and  therein  effectual  for  the  conversion 
and  salvation  of  sinners. 

2.  This  promise  of  Christ,  and  salvation  by  him,  is  re- 
vealed only  by  the  Word  of  God;  neither  do  the  works  of 
!  creation  or  providence,  with  the  light  of  nature,  make  dig- 


1318 


APPENDIX. 


eovery  of  Christ  or  of  grace  by  him,  so  much  as  in  a  general 
or  obscure  way,  much  less  that  men,  destitute  of  the  reve- 
lation of  him  by  the  promise  or  gospel,  should  be  enabled 
thereby  to  attain  saving  faith  or  repentance. 

3.  The  revelation  of  the  gospel  unto  sinners,  made  in 
divers  times  and  by  sundry  parts,  with  the  addition  of  prom- 
ises and  precepts,  for  the  obedience  required  therein,  as  to  the 
nations  and  persons  to  whom  it  is  granted,  is  merely  of  the. 
sovereign  will  and  good  pleasure  of  God,  not  being  annexed 
by  virtue  of  any  promise  to  the  due  improvement  of  men's 
natural  abilities,  by  virtue  of  common  light  received  with- 
out it,  which  none  ever  did  make  or  can  so  do;  and,  there- 
fore, in  all  ages  the  preaching  of  the  gospel  has  been  granted 
unto  persons  and  nations,  as  to  the  extending  or  limiting 
of  it,  in  great  variety,  according  to  the  counsel  of  the  will 
of  God. 

4.  Although  the  gospel  be  the  only  outward  means  of 
revealing  Christ  and  saving  grace,  and  is,  as  such,  abun- 
dantly suflftcient  thereunto;  yet  that  men,  who  are  dead 
in  trespasses,  may  be  born  again,  quickened,  or  regener- 
ated, there  is,  moreover,  necessary  an  effectual,  insupera- 
ble work  of  the  Holy  Spirit  upon  the  whole  soul  for  the 
producing  in  them  a  new  spiritual  life,  without  which  no 
other  means  will  effect  their  conversion  unto  God.     ^ 

XXr.  Op  Christian  Liberty  and  Liberty  of  Con- 
sciENCi;. — 1.  The  liberty  which  Christ  hath  purchased  for 
believers  under  the  gospel  consists  in  their  freedom  from  the 
guilt  of  sin,  the  condemning  wrath  of  God,  and  rigor  and 
curse  of  the  law,  and  in  their  being  delivered  from  this 
present  evil  world,  bondage  to  Satan,  and  dominion  of  sin, 
from  the  evil  of  afflictions,  the  fear  and  sting  of  death,  the 
victory  of  the  grave,  and  everlasting. damnation  ;  as  also  in 
their  free  access  to  God,  and  their  yielding  obedience  unto 
him,  not  out  of  slavish  fear,  but  a  childlike  love  and  will- 
ing mind. 

All  which  were  common  also  to  believers  under  the  law 
for  the  substance  of  them;  but,  under  the  New  Testament, 
the  liberty  of  Christians  is  further  enlarged  in  their  free- 
dom from  the  yoke  of  the  ceremonial  law,  to  which  the 
Jewish  church  was  subjected,  and  in 'greater  boldness  of 
access  to  the  throne  of  grace,  and  in  fuller  communications 
of  the  free  Spirit  of  God,  than  believers  under  the  law  did 
ordinarily  partake  of. 

2.  God  alone  is  Lord  of  the  conscience,  and  hath  left  it 
free  from  the  doctrines  and  comiHandments  of  men,  which 
are  in  anything  contrary  to  his  Word  or  not  contained  in  it. 
So  that,  to  believe  sucli  doctrines,  or  to  obey  such  com- 
mands, out  of  conscience,  is  to  betray  true  liberty  of  con- 
science; and  the  requiring  of  an  implicit  faith  and  abso- 
lute and  blind  obedience  is  to  destroy  liberty  of  consciencfe 
and  reason  also. 

3.  They  who,  upon  pretense  of  Christian  liberty,  do  prac- 
tise any  sin,  or  cherish  any  sinful  lust,  as  they  do  thereby 
pervert  the  main  design  of  the  grace  of  the  gospel  to  their 
own  destruction,  so  they  wholly  destroy  the  end  of  Christian 
liberty;  which  is,  that,  being  delivered  out  of  the  hands 
of  all  our  enemies,  we  might  serve  the  Lord  without  fear, 
in  holiness  and  righteousness  before  him  all  the  days  of 
our  lives. 

XXII.  Op  Religious  M'oksiup  and  the  SABnATii-DAv. 
— 1.  The  light  of  nature  shows  that  there  is  a  God  who  hath 
lordship  and  sovereignty  over  all ;  is  just,  good,  and  doth 
good  unto  all ;  and  is  therefore  to  be  feared,  loved,  praised, 
called  upon,  trusted  in  and  served,  with  all  the  heart  and 
all  the  soul,  and  with  all  the  might.      l!ut  the  acceptable 


way  of  worshiping  the  true  God  is  instituted  by  himself, 
and  so  limited  by  his  own  revealed  will  that  he  may  not  be 
worshiped  according  to' the  imaginations  and  devices  of 
men,  or  the  suggestions  of  Satan,  under  any  visible  repre- 
sentations, or  any  other  way  not  prescribed  in  the  Holy 
Scriptures. 

2.  Religious  worship  is  to  be  given  to  God,  the  Father, 
Son,  and  Holy  Spirit,  and  to  him  alone;  not  to  angels, 
saints,  or  any  other  creatures;  and,  since  the  fall,  not 
without  a  Mediator,  nor  in  the  mediation  of  any  other  but 
Christ  alone. 

3.  Prayer  and  thankfulness  being  one- special  part  of 
natural  worship,  is  by  God  required  of  all  men.  But  that  it 
may  be  accepted,  it  is  to  be  made  in  the  name  of  the  Son, 
by  the  help  of  the  Spirit,  according  to  his  will;  with  un- 
derstanding, reverence,  humility,  fervency,  faith,  love,  and 
perseverance,  and,  with  others,  in  a  known  tongue. 

4.  Praj'er  is  to  be  made  for  things  lawful,  and  for  all  sorts 
of  men  living,  or  that  shall  live  hereafter;  but  not  for  the 
dead,  nor  for  those  of  whom  it  may  be  known  that  they 
have  sinned  the  sin  unto  death. 

5.  The  reading  of  the  Scriptures,  preaching  and  hearing 
the  Word  of  God,  teaching  and  admonishing  one  another 
in  psalms,  hymns,  and  spiritual  songs,  singing  with  grace 
in  our  hearts  to  the  Lord,  as  also  the  administration  of 
baptism  and  the  Lord's  Supper,  are  all  parts  of  religious 
worship  of  God,  to  be  performed  in  obedience  to  him  with 
understan(fing,  faith,  reverence,  and  godly  fear;  more- 
over, solemn  humiliation,  with  fastings  and  thanksgiving, 
upon  special  occasions,  ought  to  be  used  in  a  holy  and  re- 
ligious manner. 

6.  Neither  prayer  nor  any  other  part  of  religious  worship 
is  now,  under  the  gospel,  tied  unto  or  made  more  accepta- 
ble by  any  place  in  which  it  is  performed  or  towards  which 
it  is  directed ;  but  God  is  to  be  worshiped  everywhere  in 
spirit  and  in  truth  ;  as  in  private  families  daily  and  in 
secret,  each  one  by  himself,  so  more  solemnly  in  the  public 
assemblies,  which  are  not  carelessly  nor  willfully  to  be  neg- 
lected or  forsaken,  when  God,  by  his  Word  or  providence, 
calleth  thereunto. 

7.  As  it  is  the  law  of  nature  that  in  general  a  proportion 
of  tinjc,  by  God's  appointment,  be  set  apart  for  the  worship 
of  God,  so,  by  his  Word,  in  a  positive,  moral,  and  |)erpetual 
commandment,  binding  all  men  in  all  ages,  he  hath  par- 
ticularly appointed  one  day  in  seven  for  a  Sabbath  to  be 
kept  holy  unto  him,  which,  from  the  beginning  of  the 
world  to  the  resurrection  of  Christ,  was  the  last  day  of  the 
week,  and,  froiii  the  resurrection  of  Christ,  was  changed 
into  the  first  day  of  the  week,  which  is  called  the  Lord's 
day;  and  is  to  be  continued  to  the  end  of  the  world  as  the 
Christian  Sabbath,  the  observation  of  the  last  day  of  the 
week  being  abolished. 

8.  The  Sabbath  is  then  kept  holy  unto  the  Lord  when 
men,  after  a  due  prepaj-ing  of  their  hearts  and  ordering  their 
common  affairs  aforehand,  do  not  only  observe  a  holy  rest 
all  the  day  fuom  their  own  works,  words,  and  thoughts 
about  their  worldly  employment  and  recreations,  but  also 
are  taken  up  the  whole  time  in  public  and  private  exer- 
cises of  his  worship,  and  in  the  duties  of  necessity  and 
mercy. 

XXIII.  Op  Singing  op  Psai.ms. — 1.  We  believe  that 
singing  the  praises  of  God  is  a  holy  ordinance  of  Christ,  and 
not  a  part  of  natural  religion  or  a  moral  duty  only  ;  but  that 
it  is  brought  under  divine  institution,  it  being  enjoined  on 
the  churches  of  Christ  to  sing  psalms,  hymns,  and  spiritual 


77//;    /'/riLAPKLl'mA    CONFESSION  OF   FMTII. 


i;ny 


songs;  and  that  the  whole  church,  in  their  puhlic  assem- 
blics  (as  well  as  private  Christians),  ought  to  sing  God's 
praises  according  to  the  best  light  they  have  received. 
Moreover,  it  was  practised  in  the  great  representative 
church  by  our  Lord  Jesus  (^hrist  with  his  disciples  alter 
lie  had  instituted  and  celebrated  the  sacred  ordinance  of 
his  holy  su])per  as  a  c<iinnicinorative  token  of  re<Ieeniing 
love. 

XXIV.  Oi-  Lawfi.i,  Oaths  a.no  Vows. — 1.  A  lawful  oath 
is  a  part  of  religious  vvorshi]),  wlicrcin  the  person  swearing 
in  truth,  righteousness,  and  judgment  solemnly  calleth  tjod 
to  witness  what  he  swcareth,  and  to  judge  him  according 
to  the  truth  or  falseness  thereof. 

2.  The  name  of  God  only  is  that  by  which  men  ought  to 
."wear,  and  therein  it  is  to  be  used  with  all  holy  fear  and 
reverence;  therefore  to  swear  vainly  or  rashly  by  that 
glorious  and  dreadful  name,  or  to  swear  at  all  by  any  other 
thing,  is  sinful  and  to  be  abhorred;  yet,  as  in  matter  of 
weight  and  moment,  for  confirmation  of  truth  and  ending 
all  strife,  an  oath  is  warranted  by  the  Word  of  God,  so  a 
lawful  oath,  being  imposed  by  lawful  authority,  in  such 
matters  ought  to  be  taken. 

'A,  Whosoever  taketh  an  oalli  warranted  by  the  M'ord  of 
God  ought  duly  to  consider  the  wciglitines.s  of  so  solemn 
an  act,  and  therein  to  avouch  nothing  but  what  he  know- 
eth  to  be  the  truth  ;  for  that  by  rash,  false,  and  vain  oaths 
the  Lord  is  provoked,  and  for  them  this  land  mourns. 

4.  An  oath  is  to  be  taken  in  the  plain  and  common  sense 
of  the  words,  without  equivocation  or  mental  reservation. 

5.  A  vow,  which  is  not  to  be  made  to  any  creature,  but 
to  God  alone,  is  to  be  made  and  performed  with  all  religious 
care  and  faithfulness;  but  popish  monastical  vows  of  per- 
])etual  single  life,  professed  poverty,  and  regular  obedience 
are  so  far  from  being  degrees  of  higher  (lerfection  that 
they  are  superstitious  and  sinful  snares  in  whiidi  no  Chris- 
tian may.  entangle  himself. 

XXV.  Ok  thk  Civil,  Ma<;istrate. — 1.  (Jod,  the  supreme 
Lord  and  king  of  all  the  world,  hath  ordained  civil  magis- 
trates to  be  under  him  over  the  people,  for  his  own  glory 
and  the  public  good,  and  to  this  end  hath  armed  them  with 
the  power  of  the  sword  for  defense  and  encouragement  of 
them  that  do  good  and  for  the  punishment  of  evil-doers. 

2.  It  is  lawful  for  Christians  to  accept  and  execute  the 
office  of  a  nuigistrate,  when  called  thereunto;  in  the  man- 
agement whereof,  as  they  ought  especially  to  maintain 
justice  and  peace,  according  to  the  wholesome  laws  of  each 
kingdom  and  commonwealth,  so,  for  that  end,  they  may 
lawfully  now  under  the  New  Testament  wage  war  upon 
just  and  necessary  occasions. 

3.  Civil  magistrates  being  .set  up  by  God  for  the  emls 
aforesaid,  subjection  in  all  lawful  things  commanded  by 
them  ought  to  be  yielded  by  us  in  the  Lord,  not  only  for 
wrath  but  for  conscience'  sake  ;  and  we  ought  to  make  suj)- 
plications  and  prayers  for  kings  and  all  that  are  in  au- 
thority, tliat.  under  them,  we  may  live  a  quiet  and  peaceable 
life  in  all  godliness  ami  honesty. 

XXVI.  Ok  Mauriack. — 1.  Marriage  is  to  be  between 
one  man  and  one  woman  ;  neither  is  it  lawful  for  any  man 
to  have  more  than  one  wife,  nor  for  any  woman  to  ha\  e 

.  more  than  one  husband  at  the  same  time. 

2.  Marriage  was  ordained  for  the  mutual  help  of  liusband 
and  wife,  for  the  increase  of  mankind  with  a  legitimate 
issue,  and  for  preventing  of  uncleanness. 

3.  It  is  lawful  for  all  sorts  of  |)eop!e  to  nuirry  who  are 
able  with  judgment  to  give  their  consent;  yet  it  is  the  duty 


of  Christians  to  marry  in  the  Lord;  and  therefore  such  as 
profess  the  true  religitm  should  not  marry  with  infidels  or 
idolaters,  neither  should  such  as  are  godly  be  une(|ually 
yoked  by  marrying  with  such  as  are  wickcil  in  their  life 
or  maintain  damnable  heresy. 

4.  Marriage  ought  not  to  be  within  the  degrees  of  con- 
sanguinity or  aflinity  forbidden  in  the  Word;  nor  can  such 
incestuous  marriage  ever  be  made  lawful  by  any  law  of 
man  or  consent  of  parties,  so  as  those  persons  may  live 
together  as  man  and  wife. 

XXVII.  Of  tiik  Cm;Rcn. —  1.  The  catholic  or  universal 
church,  which,  with  respect  to  the  internal  work  of  the 
Spirit  and  truth  of  grace,  may  be  called  invisible,  consists  of 
the  whole  number  of  the  elect  that  have  been,  are,  or  shall  be 
gathered  into  one  under  Chri.«t,  the  head  thereof,  and  is  the 
spouse,  the  body,  the  fullness  of  liim  that  filleth  all  in  all. 

2.  All  persons,  throughout  the  world,  professing  the  faith 
of  the  gospel  and  obedience  unto  (iod  by  Christ  according 
unto  it,  not  destroying  their  own  profession  by  any  errors, 
everting  the  foundation,  or  unholiness  of  conversation,  are 
and  may  be  called  visible  saints;  and  of  such  ought  all 
particular  congregations  to  be  constituted. 

;!.  The  purest  churches  under  heaven  are  subject  to  mix- 
ture and  error,  and  .some  have  so  degenerated  as  to  become 
no  churches  of  Christ,  but  synagogues  of  Satan  ;  neverthe- 
less, Christ  always  hath  had  and  ever  shall  have  a  kingdom 
in  this  world,  to  the  end  thereof,  of  such  as  believe  in  him 
and  make  profession  of  his  name. 

4.  The  Lord  Jesus  Christ  is  the  head  of  the  church,  in 
whom,  by  the  appointment  of  the  Father,  all  power  for  the 
calling,  institution,  order,  or  government  of  the  church  is 
invested  in  a  su])remc  and  sovereign  manner;  neither  can 
the  pojie  of  Rome  in  any  sense  be  head  thereof,  but  is  that 
Antichrist,  that  man  of  sin  and  son  of  perditiim,  that  ex- 
altcth  himself  in  the  church  against  Christ  and  all  that  is 
called  God,  whom  tlie  Lord  shall  destroy  with  the  bright- 
ness of  his  coming. 

5.  In  the  execution  of  this  power  wherewith  he  is  so  in- 
trusted, the  I,onl  Jesus  calleth  out  of  the  world  unto  him- 
self, through  the  ministry  of  his  AVord  by  his  Spirit,  those 
that  are  given  unto  him  by  his  Father,  that  they  may  walk 
before  him  in  all  the  ways  of  obedience  which  he  pre- 
scribeth  to  them  in  his  Word.  Those  thus  called  he  com- 
mandeth  to  walk  together  in  particularsocietiesorehurches; 
for  their  mutuiil  edification  and  the  due  performance  of 
that  public  worship  which  he  requireth  of  them  in  the 
world. 

6.  The  members  of  these  churches  are  saints  by  calling, 
visibly  manifesting  and  evidencing  in  and  by  their  pro- 
fession and  walking  their  obeiliencc  unto  that  call  of  Christ; 
and  do  willingly  consent  to  walk  together  according  to  the 
appointment  of  Christ,  giving  up  themselves  to  the  Lord 
and  to  one  another  by  the  will  of  (Jod,  in  professed  subjec- 
tion to  the  ordinances  of  the  gospel. 

7.  To  each  of  these  churches  thus  gathered  according  to 
his  mind,  declared  in  his  AVord,  he  hath  given  all  that  power 
and  authority  which  is  any  way  needful  for  their  carrying 
on  that  order  in  worship  and  discipline  which  he  hath  in- 
stituted for  them  to  observe,  with  commands  and  rules  for 
the  due  and  right  exerting  ami  executing  that  power. 

8.  .\  particular  church,  gathered  and  completely  organ- 
ized according  to  the  mind  of  Christ,  consists  of  officers  and 
members;  and  the  officers,  appointed  by  Christ  to  be  chosen 
and  set  apart  by  the  church  so  called  and  gathered,  for  the 
peculiar  administration   of  onlinances  and   execution   of 


1320 


APPENDIX. 


))Ower  or  duty  which  he  intrusts  them  with,  or  calls  them  I 
to,  to  be  continued  to  the  end  of  the  world,  are  bishops,  or 
elders,  and  deacons. 

9.  The  way  appointed  by  Christ  for  the  calling  of  any  per- 
son, fitted  and  gifted  by  the  Holy  Spirit,  unto  the  office  of 
bishop,  or  elder,  in  a  church,  is  that  he  be  chosen  thereunto 
by  the  common  suffrage  of  the  church  itself,  and  solemnly 
set  apart  by  fasting  and  prayer,  with  imposition  of  hands 
of  the  eldership  of  the  church,  if  there  be  any  before  con- 
stituted therein  ;  and  of  a  deacon,  that  he  be  chosen  by  the 
like  suffrage,  and  set  apart  by  prayer  and  the  like  imposi- 
tion of  hands. 

10.  The  work  of  pastors  being  constantly  to  attend  the 
serviceof  Christ  in  his  churches,  in  the  ministry  of  the  Word, 
and  prayer,  with  watching  for  their  souls  as  they  that 
must  give  an  account  to  him,  it  is  incumbent  on  the 
churches  to  whom  they  minister  not  only  to  give  them  all 
due  respect,  but  also  to  communicate  to  them  of  all  their 
good  things,  according  to  their  ability,  so  as  they  may 
have  a  comfortable  supply,  without  being  themselves  en- 
tangled in  secular  affairs,  and  may  also  be  capable  of  ex- 
ercising hospitality  towards  others;  and  this  is  required 
by  the  law  of  nature  and  by  the  express  order  of  our  Lord 
Jesus,  who  hath  ordained  that  they  that  preach  the  gospel 
should  live  of  the  gospel. 

11.  Although  it  be  incumbent  on  the  bishops  or  pastors 
of  the  churches  to  be  instant  in  preaching  the  Word,  by 
way  of  office,  yet  the  work  of  preaching  thfc  Word  is  not  so 
peculiarly  confined  to  them  but  that  others  also  gifted 
and  fitted  by  the  Holy  Spirit  lor  it,  and  approved  and 
called  by  the  church,  may  and  ought  to  perform  it. 

12.  As  all  believers  are  bound  to  join  themselves  to  par- 
ticular churches,  when  and  where  they  have  opportunity  so 
to  do,  so  all  that  are  admitted  unto  the'privileges  of  a  church 
are  also  under  the  censures  and  government  thereof,  ac- 
cording to  the  rule  of  Christ. 

13.  No  church  members,  upon  any  offense  taken  by  them, 
having  performed  their  duty  required  of  them  towards  the 
person  they  are  offended  at,  ought  to  disturb  church  order, 
or  absent  themselves  from  the  assemblies  of  the  church,  or 
administration  of  any  ordinance,  upon  the  account  of  such 
offense  at  any  of  their  fellow-members,  but  to  wait  u))on 
Christ  in  further  ])roceeding  of  the  church. 

14.  As  each  church  and  all  the  members  of  it  are  bound 
to  pray  continually  for  the  good  and  prosperity  of  all  the 
churches  of  Christ  in  all  places,  and  upon  all  occasions  to 
further  it,  every  one  within  the  bounds  of  their  places  and 
callings,  in  the  exercise  of  their  gifts  and  graces,  so  the 
churches,  when  planted  by  the  providence  of  Uod,  so  as 
they  may  enjoy  opportunity  and  advantage  for  it,  ought 
to  hold  communion  among  themselves  for  their  peace,  in- 
crease of  love,  and  mutual  edification.  , 

15.  Cases  of  difficulty  or  difi'erences,  either  in  ])oint  of 
doctrine  or  administration,  wherein  either  the  churches  in 
general  are  concerned,  or  any  one  church,  in  their  peace, 
union,  and  edification;  or  any  member  or  members  of  any 
church  are  injured  in  or  by  any  proceedings  in  censures 
not  agreeable  to  truth  and  order;  it  is  according  to  the 
mind  of  Christ  that  many  churches,  holding  communion 
together,  do,  by  their  messengers,  meet  to  consider  and 
give  their  advice  in  or  about  the  nuitter  in  diflerencc,  to 
be  reported  to  all  the  churches  concerned;  howbeit  these 
messengers  a.sscmbled  are  not  intrusted  with  any  church 
power,  pro])erly  so  called;  or  with  any  jurisdiction  over 
the  churches  themselves,  to  exercise  any  censures  either 


over  any  churches  or  persons ;  or  to  impose  their  deter- 
mination on  the  churchps  or  offices. 

XX^'III.  Ok  the  Comminio.v  of  Saints. — 1.  All  saints 
that  are  united  to  Jesus  Christ,  their  head,  by  his  Spirit  and 
faith,  although  theyjire  not  made  thereby  one  person  with 
him,  have  fellowship  in  his  graces,  sufferings,  death,  resur- 
rection, and  glory,  and,  being  united  to  one  another  in 
love,  they  have  communion  in  each  other's  gifts  and  graces, 
and  are  obliged  to  the  performance  of  such  duties,  public 
and  private,  in  an  orderly  way,  as  to,  conduce  to  their 
mutual  good,  both  in  the  inward  and  outward  man. 

2.  Saints  by  profession  are  bound  to  maintain  a  holy 
fellowship  and  communion  in  the  worship  of  God,  and  in 
performing  such  other  spiritual  services  as  tend  to  their 
mutual  edification;  as  also  in  relieving  each  other  in  out- 
ward things,  according  to  their  several  abilities  and  neces- 
sities ;  which  communion,  according  to  the  rule  of  the 
gospel,  though  especially  to  be  exercised  by  them  in  the 
relations  wherein  they  stand,  whether  in  families  or 
churches,  yet  as  (Jod  offereth  opportunity,  is  to  be  e.\- 
tended  to  all  the  household  of  faith,  even  all  those  who 
in  every  place  call  upon  the  name  of  the  Lord  Jesus : 
nevertheless,  their  communion  one  with  another  as  saints 
doth  not  take  away  or  infringe  the  title  or  property  which 
each  man  hath  in  his  goods  and  possessions.       * 

XXIX.  Op  Bai>tism  and  the  Lord's  Supi'eu. — 1.  Bap- 
tism and  th.e  Lord's  Supper  are  ordinances  of  positive  and 
sovereign  institution,  appointed  by  the  Lord  Jesus,  the 
only  Lawgiver,  to  be  continued  in  his  church  to  the  end  of 
the  world. 

2.  These  holy  np))ointments  are  to  be  administered  by 
those  only  who  are  qualified  and  thereunto  called,  accord- 
ing to  the  commission  of  Christ. 

XXX.  Of  Baptism. — 1.  Baptism  is  an  ordinance  of  the 
Xew  Testament  ordained  by  Jesus  Christ,  to  be  unto  the 
party  baiitized  a  sign  of  his  fellowship  with  him  in  his  death 
and  resurrection;  of  his  being  engrafted  into  him:  of  re- 
mission of  sins;  and  of  his  giving  up  unto  (Jod,  through 
Jesus  Christ,  to  live  and  walk  in  newness  of  life. 

2.  Those  who  do  actually  profess  repentance  towards  God, 
faith  in,  and  obedience  to  our  Lord  Jesus,  are  the  only 
proper  subjects  of  this  ordinance.    . 

3.  The  outward  element  to  be  used  in  this  ordinuncc  is 
water,  wherein  the  party  is  to  be  baptized,  in  the  name  of 
the  Father,  and  of  the  Son,  and  of  the  Holy  Spirit. 

4.  Immersion,  or  dipping  of  the  person  in  water,  is 
necessary  to  the  due  administration  of  this  ordinance. 

XXXI.  Op  Layi.n'g  on  op  Hasds. — 1.  We  believe  that 
laying  on  of  hands,  with  ])rayer,  >ipon  baptized  believers, 
as  such,  is  an  ordinance  of  Christ,  and  ought  to  be  sub-  ■ 
uiitted  unto  by  all  such  ])ersons  that  are  admitted  to  par- 
take of  the  Lord's  Supper,  and  that  the  end  of  this  ordi- 
nance is  not  for  the  extraordinary  gifts  of  the  Spirit,  but 
for  a  farther  reception  of  the  Holy  Spirit  of  promise,  or  for 
the  addition  of  the  graces  of  the  Si)irit,  and  the  influences 
thereof  to  confirm,  strengthen,  and  comfort  them  in  Christ 
Jesus;  it  being  ratified  and  established  by  the  extraordinary 
gifts  of  the  Spirit  in  the  ])rimitive  times,  to  abide  in  the 
church,  as  meeting  together  on  the  first  day  of  the  week 
was.  Acts  ii.  1,  that  being  the  day  of  worship,  or  Christian 
Sabbath,  under  the  gospel :  and  as  preaching  the  Word  was. 
Acts  X.  -14.  and  as  baptism  was,  Matt.  iii.  1(),  and  prayer 
was,  Acts  iv.  31.  and  singing  psalms,  etc.,  was,  Acts  svi. 
2.'),  2(>,  so  this  of  laying  on  of  hands  was.  Acts  viii.  and 
xix.  ;   for,  as  the  whole  gospel  was  conlirmed  by  signs  and 


THE  PHILADELPHIA    CONFESSION  OF  FAITH. 


1321 


wonders,  and  divers  miracles  and  gifts  of  tlic  Holy  (.host 
in  general,  so  was  every  ordinance  in  like  manner  con- 
firmed in  |)articular. 

XXXII.  Of  Tin:  LoTu>'s  Siii'i'Kii. — 1.  Tlie  Supper  of  the 
Lord  Jesus  was  instituted  by  him  the  same  night  wlierein 
lie  was  betrayed,  to  be  observed  in  liis  churches  unto  the 
end  of  the  world,  for  the])erpetual  remembrance  ami  show- 
ing forth  the  sacrifice  of  himself  in  his  death,  confirmation 
of  the  faith  of  believers  in  all  the  benefits  thereof,  their 
s|)iritual  nourishment  and  growth  in  him,  their  further 
engagement  in  and  to  all  duties  wliich  they  owe  unto  him, 
and  to  be  a  bond  and  jiledge  of  their  communion  with  him 
and  with  each  other. 

2.  In  this  ordinance,  Christ  is  not  otTered  up  to  his  Father, 
nor  any  real  sacrifice  made  at  all  for  remission  of  sin,  of 
the  quick  or  dead,  but  only  a  memorial  of  that  one  offer- 
ing up  of  liimsclf  by  himself  upon  the  cross,  once  for  all; 
and  a  spiritual  oblation  of  all  possible  praise  unto  God  for 
the  same.  So  that  the  popish  sacrifice  of  the  mass,  as  they 
call  it,  is  most  abominable,  injurious  to  Christ's  own  only 
sacrifice,  the  alone  propitiation  for  all  the  sins  of  the  elect. 

."!.  The  Lord  .lesus  hath  in  this  ordinance  appointed  his 
ministers  to  pray,  and  bless  tlie  elements  of  bread  and 
wine,  and  thereby  to  set  them  apart  from  a  common  to  a 
holy  use,  and  to  take  and  break  the  bread,  to  take  the 
cup,  and,  they  communicating  also  themselves,  to  give 
both  to  the  communicants. 

4.  The  denial  of  the  cup  to  the  people,  worshiping  the 
elements,  the  lifting  them  up  or  carrying  them  about  for 
adoration,  and  reserving  them  for  any  pretenile<l  religious 
use,  are  all  contrary  to  the  nature  of  this  ordinance  and  to 
the  institution  of  Christ. 

0.  The  outward  elements  of  til  is  ordinance,  duly  set  apart 
to  the  uses  ordained  by  Christ,  liave  such  relation  to  him 
crucified  as  that  truly,  although  in  terms  used  figuratively, 
they  are  sometimes  called  by  the  name  of  the  tilings  they 
represent,  to  wit,  the  body  and  blood  of  Christ,  albeit  in 
substance  and  nature  they  still  remain  truly  and  only 
bread  and  wine,  ius  they  were  before. 

6.  The  doctrine  which  maintainsachangeof  thesubstanee 
of  bread  and  wine  into  the  substance  of  Christ's  body  and 
blood,  commonly  called  transubstantiation,  by  consecra- 
tion of  a  priest,  or  by  any  other  way,  is  repugnant,  not  to 
Scripture  alone,  but  even  to  common  sense  and  reason,  over- 
throweth  the  nature  of  the  ordinance,  and  hath  been  and 
is  the  cause  of  manifold  superstitions,  yea,  of  gross  idola- 
tries. 

7.  Worthy  receivers,  outwardly  partaking  of  the  visible 
elements  in  this  ordinance,  do  then  also  inwardly,  by  faith 
really  and  indeed,  yet  not  carnally  and  corporeally,  but 
spiritually,  receive  anil  feed  upon  Christ  crucified  and  all 
the  benefits  of  his  death  ;  the  body  and  blood  of  Christ 
being  then  not  corporeally  or  carnally,  but  spiritually  pres- 
ent to  the  faith  of  believers  in  that  ordinance,  as  the  ele- 
ments themselves  are  to  their  outward  senses. 

8.  All  ignorant  and  ungodly  persons,  as  they  are  unfit  to 

84 


enjoy  communion  with  Christ,  so  are  they  unworthy  of  the 
Lord's  table,  and  cannot,  without  great  sin  against  him. 
while  they  remain  such,  partake  of  these  holy  mysteries, 
or  be  admitted  thereunto;  yea,  whosoever  shall  receive  un- 
worthily, are  guilty  of  the  body  and  blood  of  the  Lord, 
eating  and  drinking  judgment  to  themselves. 

XXXIII.  Of  the  State  of  Man  aftkii  Death  and  of 
THE  REsinuECTioN  OF  THE  Deai). — 1.  The  bodies  of  men 
after  death  return  to  dust  and  see  corruption;  but  their  souls, 
which  neither  die  nor  sleep,  having  an  immortal  subsist- 
ence, immediately  return  to  God  who  gave  them ;  the 
souls  of  the  righteous,  being  then  made  perfect  in  holi- 
ness, are  received  into  paradise,  where  they  arc  with 
Christ,  and  behold  the  face  of  (Jod,  in  light  and  glory, 
waiting  for  the  full  redemption  of  their  bodies ;  and  the 
souls  of  the  wicked  are  cast  into  hell,  where  they  remain 
in  torment  and  utter  darkness,  reserved  to  the  judgment 
of  the  great  day;  besides  these  two  places  for  souls  sepa- 
rated from  their  bodies,  the  Scripture  acknowlcdgeth  none. 

2.  At  the  last  day,  such  of  the  saints  as  are  found  alive 
shall  not  sleep  but  be  changed,  and  all  the  dead  shall  be 
raised  up  with  the  self-same  bodies,  ami  none  other;  al- 
though with  different  qualities,  which  shall  be  united  again 
to  their  souls  forever. 

3.  The  bodies  of  the  unjust  shall,  by  the  power  of  Christ, 
be  raised  to  dishonor;  the  bodies  of  the  just,  by  his  Spirit, 
unto  honor,  and  be  made  conformable  to  his  own  glorious 
body. 

XXXIV.  Of  the  Last  ■Tidoment. —  I.  (Jod  hath  ap- 
pointed a  day  wherein  he  will  judge  the  world  in  righteous- 
ness by  Jesus  Christ,  to  whom  all  jiowcr  and  judgment  is 
given  of  the  Father;  in  which  day  not  only  the  apostate 
angels  shall  be  judged,  but  likewise  all  persons  that  have 
lived  upon  the  earth  shall  appear  before  the  tribunal  of 
Christ  to  give  an  account  of  their  thoughts,  words,  and 
deeds,  and  to  receive  according  to  what  they  have  done 
in  the  body,  whether  good  or  evil. 

2.  The  end  of  God's  apjiointing  this  day  is  for  the  mani- 
festation of  the  glory  of  his  mercy  in  the  eternal  salvation 
of  the  elect;  and  of  his  justice  in  the  eternal  damnation 
of  the  reprobate,  who  are  wicked  and  disobedient ;  for 
then  shall  the  righteous  go  into  everlasting  life,  and  re- 
ceive that  fullness  of  joy  and  glory  with  everlasting  reward 
in  the  presence  of  the  Lord ;  but  the  wicked,  who  know 
not  God,  and  obey  not  the  gospel  of  Jesus  Christ,  shall  be 
cast  into  eternal  torments,  and  punished  with  everlasting 
destruction  from  the  presence  of  the  Lord  and  from  the 
glory  of  his  power. 

3.  As  Christ  would  have  us  to  be  certainly  )iersuadcd  that 
there  shall  be  a  day  of  judgment,  both  to  deter  all  men 
from  sin  and  for  the  greater  consolation  of  the  godly  in 
their  adversity,  so*vill  he  have  that  day  unknown  to  men, 
that  they  may  shake  off  all  carnal  security,  and  be  always 
watchful,  because  they  know  not  at  what  hour  the  Lord 
will  come,  and  may  ever  be  prepared  to  say.  Come,  Lord 
Jesus,  come  quickly.     Amen. 


1322 


APPENDIX. 


THE  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  DECLARATION  OF  FAITH/ 


I.  Op  the  Scriptures. — AVe  believe  that  the  holy  Bible 
was  written  by  men  divinely  inspired,  and  is  a  perfect 
treasure  of  heavenly  instruction ;  that  it  has  God  for  its 
author,  salvation  for  its  end,  and  truth  without  any  mix- 
ture of  error  for  its  matter;  that  it  reveals  the  principles 
by  which  God  will  judge  us,  and  therefore  is,  and  shall  re- 
main to  the  end  of  the  world,  the  true  centre  of  Christian 
union,  and  the  supreme  standard  by  wliieh  all  human  con- 
duct, creeds,  and  opinions  should  be  tried. 

II.  Op  the  True  God. — We  believe  that  there»is  one, 
and  only  one,  living  and  true  God,  an  infinite,  intelligent 
Spirit,  whose  name  is  Jehovah,  the  Maker  and  Supreme 
Ruler  of  heaven  and  earth,  ine.\pressibly  glorious  in  holi- 
ness, and  worthy  of  all  possible  honor,  confidence,  and 
love;  that  in  the  unity  of  the  Godhead  there  are  three  per- 
sons,— the  Father,  the  Son,  and  the  Holy  Ghost, — equal  in 
every  divine  perfection,  and  e-xecuting  distinct  but  har- 
monious offices  in  the  great  work  of  redemption. 

III.  Op  the  Fall  op  Man.— We  believe  that  man  was 
created  in  holiness,  under  the  law  of  his  Maker;  but  by 
voluntary  transgression  fell  from  that  holy  and  happy 
state;  in  consequence  of  which  all  mankind  are  now  sin- 
ners, not  by  constraint  but  choice;  being  by  nature  utterly 
void  of  that  holiness  required  by  the  law  of  God;  positively 
inclined  to  evil;  and  therefore  undei;  just  condemnation  to 
eternal  ruin,  without  defense  or  e.vcuse. 

IV.  Op  the  Way  op  Salvation. — We  believe  that  the 
salvation  of  sinners  is  wholly  of  grace;  through  the  me- 
diatorial offices  of  the  Son  of  God  ;  who  by  the  appointment 
of  the  Father,  freely  took  upon  him  our  nature,  yet  with- 
out sin;  honored  the  divine  law  by  his  personal  obedience, 
and  by  his  death  made  a  full  atoneujent  for  our  sins ;  that 
having  risen  from  the  dead,  he  is  now  enthroned  in 
heaven;  and  uniting  in  his  wonderful  person  the  tender- 
est  sympathies  with  divine  perfections,  he  is  every  way 
qualified  to  be  a  suitable,  a  compassionate,  and  an  all- 
sufficient  Saviour. 

V.  Op  Justificatio.v. — We  believe  that  the  great  gospel 
blessing  which  Christ  secures  to  such  as  believe  in  him,  is 
justification;  that  justification  includes  the  pardon  of  sin, 
and  the  promise  of  eternal  life  on  principles  of  righteous- 
ness ;  that  it  is  bestowed,  not  in  consideration  of  any  works 
of  righteousness  which  we  have  done,  but  solely  through 
faith  in  the  Kedeemer's  blood  ;  by  virtue  of  which  faith 
his  perfect  righteousness  is  freely  imputed  to  us  of  God ; 
that  it  brings  us  into  a  state  of  most  blessed  peace  and 
favor  with  God,  and  secures  every  other  blessing  needful 
for  time  andeternit}'. 

VI.  Op  the  Freeness  of  Salvation. — Wo  believe  that 
the  blessings  of  salvation  are  made  free  to  all  by  the  gos- 


'  Cutting's  Historical  Yiiulications,  p.  191. 


pel ;  that  it  is  the  immediate  duty  of  all  to  accept  them  by 
a  cordial,  penitent,  and  obedient  faith ;  and  that  nothing 
prevents  the  salvation  of  the  greatest  sinner  on  earth  but 
his  own  determined  depravity  and  voluntary  rejection  of 
the  gospel;  which  rejection  involves  him  in  an  aggravated 
condemnation. 

VII.  Op  Grace  i.v  Regeneration. — We  believe  that  in 
order   to  be  saved  sinners   must  be   regenerated,  or  born 
again  ;  that  regeneration  consists  in  giving  a  holy  disposi- 
tion to  the  mind ;  that  it  is  effected  in  a  manner  above  our 
comprehension  by  the  power  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  in  connec- 
tion with  divine  truth,  so  as  to  secure  our  voluntary  obe- 
dience to  the  gospel ;  and  that  its  proper  evidence  appears 
in  the  holy  fruits  of  repentance,  and  faith,  and  newness  of 
life. 
\      VIII.  Of  Repentancf,  and   Faith. — We   believe  that 
■  repentance  and  faith  are  sacred  duties,  and  also  insepara- 
I  ble  graces,  wrought  in  our  souls  by  the  regenerating  Spirit 
I  of  God;  whereby,   being  deeply   convinced   of  our  guilt, 
danger,  and  helplessness,  and  o^  the  way  of  salvation  by 
I  Christ,  we  turn  to  God  with  unfeigned  contrition,  confes- 
1  sion,  and  supjilication  for  mercy;  at  the  same  time  heart- 
ily receiving  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ  as  our  Prophet,  Priest, 
I  and  King,  and  relying  on  him  alone  as  the  only  and  all- 
I  sufficient  Saviour. 

I      IX.  Of   God's    Purpose   of    Grace. — We  believe  that 
I  election  is  the  eternal  purpose  of  God,  according  to  which 
:  he  graciously  regenerates,  sanctifies,   and  saves  sinners , 
that  being  perfectly  consistent  with    the  free  agency  of 
man,  it  comprehends  all  the  means  in  connection  with  the 
!  end;  that  it  is  a  most  glorious  display  of  God's  sovereign 
goodness,  being  infinitely  free,  wise,  holy,  and  unchange- 
able-, that  it  utterly  e.NcIudes  boasting,  and  promotes  hu- 
mility, love,  prayer,  praise,  trust  in  God,  and  active  imi- 
tation of  his  free  mercy;   that  it  encourages  the  use  of 
means  in  the  highest  degree ;  that  it   may  be  ascertained 
by  its  effects  in  all  who  truly  believe  the  gospel ;   that  it  is 
!  the  foundation  of  Christian  assurance;  and  that  to  ascer- 
;  tain  it  with  regard  to  ourselves  demands  and  deserves  the 
I  utmost  diligence. 

!       X.  Of  Sanctification. — We  believe  that  sanctification 
'  is  the  process*  by  which,  according  to  the  will  of  God,  wo 
\  are  made  partakers  of  his  holiness,  that  it  is  a  progressive 
work;  that  it  is  begun  in  regeneration;  and  that  it  is  car- 
ried on   in  the  hearts  of  believers  by  the  presence   and 
power  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  the  Scaler  and   Comforter,  in 
I  the  continual  use  of  the  appointed  means — especially,  the 
:  Word  of  God,  self-examination,  self-denial,  watchfulness, 
and  prayer. 

XI.  Of  the  PEUsEVKRANfE  OP  Saints. — We  believe  that 
i  such  only  are  real  believers  as  endure  unto  the  end;  that 
'  their  persevering  attachment  to  Christ  is  the  grand  mark 


THE  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  DECLARATION  OF  FAITH. 


1323 


which  disliiiguifliei-  them  from  siiperticiiil  professors;  that 
a  special  |)rovidence  watches  over  their  welfare;  and  thev 
are  kept  by  tlie  power  of  (Jod  thrmigli  faith  unto  salva- 
tion. 

XII.  Ok  thk  Harmony  of  thk  Law  a.m)  thk  (jOSPel. 
— We  believe  that  the  law  of  God  is  the  eternal  and  un- 
changeable rule  of  his  moral  government:  that  it  is  holy, 
just,  and  good:  and  that  the  inability  which  the  Scrip- 
tures ascribe  to  fallen  men  to  fultill  its  precepts,  arises  en- 
tirely from  their  love  of  sin;  to  deliver  them  from  which, 
and  to  restore  them  through  a  mediator  to  unfeigned  obe- 
dience to  the  holy  law,  is  one  great  end  of  the  gospel,  and 
of  the  means  of  grace  connected  with  the  establishment  of 
the  visible  church. 

XIII.  Ok  a  Gcspel  Chcrch. — We  believe  that  a  visi- 
ble church  of  Christ  is  a  congregation  of  baptized  be- 
lievers, associated  by  covenant  in  the  faith  and  fellowship 
of  the  gospel;  observing  the  ordinances  of  Christ;  gov- 
erned by  his  laws;  and  exercising  the  gifts,  rights,  and 
privileges  invested  in  them  by  his  Word  ;  that  its  only 
scriptural  officers  are  bishops  or  pastors,  and  deacons 
whose  qualifications,  claims,  and  duties  are  dcfincil  in  the 
epistles  to  Timothy  and  Titus. 

XIV.  Op  Baptism  and  thr  Lord's  Sl'pper. — We  be- 
lieve that  Christian  baptism  is  the  immersion  in  water  of 
a  believer,  into  the  name  of  the  Father,  and  Son,  and 
Holy  (ihost :  to  show  forth,  in  a  solemn  and  beautiful  em- 
blem, our  fiiith  in  the  crucified,  buried,  and  risen  Saviour. 
with  its  effect,  in  our  death  to  sin  and  resurrection  to  a 
new  life;  that  it  is  prerequisite  to  the  privileges  of  a 
church  relation  ;  and  to  the  Lord's  Supper,  in  which  the 
members   of  the  church  by  the  sacred  use  of  bread  and 


wine,  are  to  commemorate  together  the  dying  love  of 
Christ;  preceded  always  by  solemn  self-examination. 

XV.  Op  the  Ciiuistian  Saisuatii. — We  believe  that  the 
first  day  of  the  week  is  the  liord's  day,  or  Christian  Sab- 
bath;  and  is  to  bo  kept  sacred  to  religious  purposes,  by 
abstaining  from  all  secular  labor  and  sinful  recreations; 
by  the  devout  observance  of  all  the  means  of  grace,  both 
jirivate  and  public;  and  by  preparation  for  that  rest  that 
remaineth  for  the  people  of  God. 

XVI.  Op  Civil  Government. — We  believe  that  civil 
1  government  is  of  divine  appointment,  for  the  intorestn 
j  and  good  order  of  human  .society;   and  that  magistrates 

are  to  be  prayed  for,  conscientiously  honored,  and  obeyed ; 
except  only  in  things  opposed  to  the  will  of  our  Lord  .Jesus 
Christ,  who  is  the  only  Lord  of  the  conscience,  and  the 
Prince  of  the  kings  of  the  earth. 

XVII.  Of  the  RifiHTKOtJ.s  and  the  Wicked. — We  be- 
lieve that  there  is  a  radical  and  essential  difference  between 
the  righteous  and  the  wicked;  that  such  only  as  through 

I  faith  are  justified  in  the  name  of  the  Lord  .Jesus,  and  sanc- 
tified by  the  Spirit  of  our  God,  are  truly  righteous  in  his 
esteem  ;  while  all  such  as  continue  in  impenitence  and  un- 
belief are  in  his  sight  wicked,  :ind  under  the  curse;  and 
this  distinction  holds  among  men  both  in  and  after  death. 

XVIII.  Of  the  Would  to  Come. — We  believe  that  the 
end  of  this  world  is  approaching;  that  at  the  last  day, 
Christ  will  descend  from  heaven,  and  raise  the  dead  from 
the  grave  to  final  retribution  ;  that  a  solemn  separation 
will  then  take  place;  that  the  wicked  will  be  adjudged  to 
endless  punishment,  and  the  righteous  to  endless  joy  ;  and 
that  this  judgment  will  fix  forever  the  final  state  of  men 
in  heaven  or  hell,  on  j>riiiciples  of  righteousness. 

)  [For  a  form  of  Clinrcli  (A>veiiaiit,  see  page  283.] 


1324 


APPENDIX. 


saaqraan 


r-  t-  I-  '.C  ^  (M  Cl  ?t  x-  c.  c  '.';  ■o  -^  X  -r  --  > 
O  o_ x^i--^*^^ x^  O. c;_ iQ_  o_  r:_^ lO^ ci_ -j-^  r?_ 'X_  ■j;^ ; 
^  cT  cT  x' i-T  o' -I'' 1— '  co' c-T  y '  I -'"  ■m' zT  L-' cT  r:' ; 

—  —  —  —  —  -*  '-'t-rJtr^r-U;- 


'  -^i^  (N  r-<  ■-■  CC  iO 


'8J3)SIUIIU 


aaqwuqQ 


rH  CN  r-l         00  r 


P'iO=CH-r-<cOr-l'* 


•9jaqai3H[  i 


Ot-OOOrHC50'NOr-0'»t*r:«'MI-<3i'*^OCM-^r^C'-OXiO'Mi-«OiOt-*4CJr-NOt— o<D^o 

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•^  r-  r-i  O  fM  iO 


«:r-icit-  :::i'T-^r:i«5ccCTit 


'SJa^siuiH 


!-•  pi  1^  O  r-< 


3  rH  lO  •-(  fH  N  i?» 


■satpjuqo 


(N  r^CJ  rt 


i-HC^c-OOrJiJiOCT-^t^  r-«_SO  CS  ra  r-(  ?0  r-< 


'aia^smix^ 
saqojnqo 


COOO"OCit— --■*iCX'^O^J'#iOtCOfMO:CC3r 

CJOt-OSW^COOO^^OO        —      ■'     —     ^ 

l-H  ■^  t~t         t-  r-l  c^^ 


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r-CSrHCOr-tiOrOCMX 
C4        r-(  (N  l-H         00  (-1  rO 


J  UO  (N  CO  G^  rH  C^  i-i 


■saaqmaK: 


aroo"t^i-rco't-'ij5"."o'o^     CO  o 


lOCSOl'MOOrtOrtt—  30O>Tf:Di— '<-'Xr2OlCitOOJ(M?0COCOi— 'Ol 

t-xoiioioo'rjO'OrorT'Mt^ai^DOOciai^ioOi-toot-rfiHicoxj 
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GO -^  Tj<  CO  CO  to  (N  <N  r-l  (N  CO  "*  l-H 

"o  lO  r*-  fN  O  O  CO  ^r^  CO«DrO-f^CO(NXe01:-iOt^  iC  00  O  CJ  (M  O  1-4  CO  00  O  O  C»  C>l~ 
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2C^IO'^'^COCN.-0<NCOrO               T-H 


saqojtiqo        ^  "^ 


fiiOi— 'COcOcNNjaODCit-t^COt— OOi— 'COOliOOJ-^OiO 
PrHiO'—OrD  -OOClr>-t'Oa>^OI:^rOlr-t-rHC4V3 

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*8J3qnx9is 


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tNCO«*COCOC<''-'r-ii-i 


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I-I  04  »0  l-H  <NC^I— ItMC^^i-HC^rH  ri 


■eatpanqo      g3'"SS  = 


^COCNiOrP"»ii:NtMT-Hr-< 


00       •aieqtaaii 


?  OS  — '  lO  O  t-  iti  t 


<  O  CO  rt  c^  ■^ 


'sja;sraipi 


'saqojnqo 


■rji   -  O  -^  CO  '- -  -      -      -       -    ,    _ - 

Cirf"X)0— 'COCi<— 'COXCi'JDCCCJ:0   Moot—  lOCSCO 
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f—  CO  I-H  r-H  rH  rH  CN 


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O  CO  t-  OICO  <NCOCOCO         r^dO'CtOiraXCOCfl 
rH  d  (NMi-Hf-irH-M 


•saaqraaji 


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Fac-simlle  from  original  Records,  of  the  order  for  the  banishment  of  Roger  Williams, 


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1uS5.    Whereas  Mr.  Roger  Williams,  one  of  the  elders  of  the  charch  of  Salem,  hath  broached  and  divulged  dyvers  oewA  aod  daQgeroud  opioioas  against 

Snl  Sept.  the   auclhorite   of  magistrates,    as   also   with  others  of  defamcoo,  both  of  the  magistrates  and  churches  here,  aod  that  before  any  codviccod,  aad  yet 

maialaiDetb  the  same  without  reiraccoa.  it  is  therefore  ordered,  that  the  said  Mr.  Williams  shall  depte  out  of  this  jurisdiccou  witbio  fiixe  weekes 

Dowe    nezte    eDsiieing.    wch  if  hee  neglect    to  pforme,    it  shall  be  lawful!  for  the  Gouv'r  aud  two  of  the  magistrates  tu  ctead  him  to  some  place 

out  of  thiB  jurisdiccon,  not  to  returne  any  more  without  licence  from  the  Court. 


Order  banishing  the  Founders  of  the  First  Baptist  Church  in  Boston. 


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"">'•  Whereas  Thomas  Gold  (and  others)  obstinate  and  turbulent  Aonabaptists,  hare  some  time  since  combined    themselves    wh  others  in  a  pretended 

16G8.  ^yj-ch    estatexYjcxxto  I  the    great    griefe    and  offence  of  the 'godly  orthodox  ««xJiXiixMaDd  about  two  years  since  were  eojoyocd  by  this  Court  to 

desist    from    said    practise    and  to  returne  to  our  allowed  Church  As3emblies,x<  jutjt  x  this  Court  doe  judge  it  necessary  that  they  be  removed  to 

some  other  part  of  this  country  or  elsewhere:  and  accordingly  doeth  order  that    (they)    doe  before  the  twentieth  of  July  next  remove  themselves 

out  of  ihia  jurisdiccoo. 


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ROGER  WILLIAMS  TO  JOHN  WINTHROP,  Jr. 


For  the  "Worshipfull  Mr  John  "Winthrop  at 
Nemeug  These. 
Sir, — Respective  salutacions  to  you  both  and 
sister  Lake  :  At  this  instant  (the  first  of  the  weeke 
toward  noone)  I  receave  yourse  and  shall  be  glad 
(if  God  will)  you  may  gaine  a  reasonable  passage 
by  us  before  the  hardest  of  winter,  although  I  can- 
not advice  you  (but  to  pray  against  winter  flights 
and  journeyes)  yet  if  the  necessitie  of  God's  provi- 
dence so  cast  it  I  shall  be  glad  that  we  might  have 
you  Prisoner  in  these  parts  yet  once  in  a  few  dayes 
(though  in  deepe  snow)  here  is  a  beaten  path  &c. 
Sir  Nenekunat  againe  importunes  me  to  write  to 
youre  Father  and  youreselfe  about  his  and  hunt- 
ing at  Pequt,  that  you  would  allso  be  pleased  to 
write  to  youre  Father.  I  have  endeavoured  to  sat- 
isfie  him  what  I  can,  and  shall,  yet  I  am  willing  at 
present  to  write  to  you,  not  so- much  conceaving 
that  you  can  further  gratifie  him  at  this  time,  but 
that  I  may  by  this  opportunitie  salute  you  with  the 
tidings  from  the  Bay  the  last  n4ght.  Skipper  Isaack 
and  Moline  are  come  into  the  Bay  with  a  Dutch 
ship  and  (as  it  is  said)  have  brought  letters  from 
the  States  to  call  home  this  present  Dutch  Gover- 
noure  to  answer  many  complaints  botli  from  Dutch 
and  English  against  him  :  In  this  ship  are  come 
English  passengers  and  bripg  word  of  the  great 
Trialls  it  pleaseth  the  Most  High  and  only  Wise  to 
exei'cise  both  oure  native  England  and  these  parts 
allso. 


The  Prince  is  said  to  be  strong  at  sea  and  among 
other  mischiefes,  has  taken  Mr.  Trerice  his  ship 
which  went  from  hence,  and  sent  it  for  France  it 
seemes  their  Rendevouz. 

It  is  said  that  after  Cromwell  had  discomfited 
the  AVelsh,  with  6000  he  was  forced  to  incounter 
19  thousand  Scots  of  whome  he  tooke  9000  prison- 
ers &c. — great  store  of  Scots  and  W^lsh  are  sent- 
and  sold  as  slaves  into  other  parts  :  Cromwell  wrote 
to  the.Parliament,  that  he  hoped  to  be  at  Edinburg 
in  few  dayes. 

A  commission  was  sent  from  the  Parliament  to 
try  the  King  in  the  He  of  Wight,  lately  prevented 
from  escape. 

The  Prince  of  Orenge  and  the  States  are  falling, 
if  not  already  fallen  into  Warrs  which  makes  some 
of  the  States  to  tender  Munnadoes  as  place  of  Re- 
treat. 

Sir  to  him  in  whose  favour  is  Life  I  leave  you, 
desiring  in  him  to  lie 

Youre  Worships  unworthy 

Roger  Williams. 

John  prays  you  to  be  earnest  with  Mr  HoUet 
about  his  liowse  hoping  to  be  back  in  a  fortnight. 

(Labeled,  ''rec'd  dec'', — undoubtedly  llJ48. — 
J.B.) 

Mass.  Hist.  Collections,  Third  Series,  vol.  ix.  pp. 
j  276-77. 


1328 


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